areas of the community can discourage the behavior of littering. In addition, providing ashtrays can also contain any litter. Liu and Sibley (2004) reported that adding ashtrays to a university campus reduced cigarette butt littering by 64%, however the change did not affect attitudes about litter. Confederates in the community could demonstrate the behavior of using ashtrays in areas where they are provided and educating others to use the ashtrays as well, or to not smoke in designated non-smoking areas. The use of confederates can help create an understanding of and normalize the new behavior. Again, these confederates can be designated community members or Association coordinators.
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154 Rain Barrel
COSTS: Intervention Per Unit Cost Signage $50 USD Ashtrays $30 USD
Total Cost $450 USD TBD
RUNOFF MITIGATION WITH RAIN BARRELS A rain barrel is a plastic barrel that collects runoff from the rooftops. Water collected in these barrels can be used for gardening and other purposes, but not for direct water consumption by humans. 155 Signage to Encourage No Smoking.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Association and the Institution should pursue a collaborative effort for installing rain barrels as a mid-cost and effective solution in reducing water contamination. According to our water test findings, there is evidence of bacterial contamination and other pollutants in the creek bed and springs. Runoff contributes to this contamination: “Typically, rainwater will run off of ... [the] roof and end up either in a local sewage system or stream. On the journey, the
