Biologija III
SISTEM ORGANA ZA DISAWE ...............................................................................77 (J. \or|evi})
Evolucija sistema organa za disawe ..............................................................................77 Funkcionalna anatomija plu}a ki~mewaka .................................................................79
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Disajni pokreti i regulacija disawa ..................................................................................80 Ventilacija plu}a i plu}ni volumeni ..........................................................................81 Razmena gasova u plu}ima i tkivima....................................................................................81 SISTEM ORGANA ZA VAREWE I APSORPCIJU HRANE.......................83 (J. \or|evi}) Hrana .......................................................................................................................................83 Tipovi varewa hrane u `ivotiwskom svetu .................................................................85 Put i razlagawe hrane u crevnom traktu ...........................................................................86 Apsorpcija svarenih materija u tankom crevu .....................................................................90 SISTEM ORGANA ZA IZLU^IVAWE – OSMOREGULACIJA ...............91 (J. \or|evi}) Osmoregulacija kod beski~mewaka i ki~mewaka ........................................................91 Funkcionalna anatomija bubrega sisara ............................................................................93 Uloga bubrega u osmoregulaciji ............................................................................................94 Mehanizam stvarawa mokra}e...............................................................................................94 ENDOKRINE @LEZDE I HUMORALNA REGULACIJA.............................96 (G. Cviji}) Hipofiza ................................................................................................................................97 [titna `lezda – tiroidea ................................................................................................99 Para{titne `lezde – paratiroidea.............................................................................100 Nadbubre`ne `lezde .........................................................................................................101 Endokrini pankreas .........................................................................................................103 Polne `lezde .......................................................................................................................104 Regulacija sekrecije hormona – povratna sprega ....................................................106 PROMET ENERGIJE I TERMOREGULACIJA.................................................107 (G. Cviji})
BIOLOGIJA RAZVI]A @IVOTIWA
.....................................111 (A. Kora}) Uvod ........................................................................................................................................113 Na~ini razmno`avawa `ivotiwa ..................................................................................114 STVARAWE POLNIH ]ELIJA – GAMETOGENEZA ....................................116 Oogeneza – op{ta {ema nastanka jajne }elije ...........................................................116 Spermatogeneza – op{ta {ema nastanka spermatozoida ..........................................119 OPLO\EWE ........................................................................................................................121 Stupwevi oplo|ewa ...........................................................................................................121 RANI STUPWEVI EMBRIOGENEZE I ORGANOGENEZA ......................124 Brazdawe – stvarawe vi{e}elijskog embriona.........................................................124 Gastrulacija – stvarawe slojevitog embriona ...........................................................125 Nastanak osovinskih organa – crevne cevi, notohorde, nervne cevi ...............126 Sudbinske mape ...................................................................................................................127 EKSTRAEMBRIONALNE STRUKTURE ................................................................129 4
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