26 l THE CONVERGING TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION AND HUMAN CAPITAL
TABLE 3.1 Technologies for Improving Service Delivery for Building and Protecting Human Capital
Technology groups and examples
Pathways to improving service delivery for human capital
1. Individual nondigital technology tools • Education tools • Drugs and vaccines, medical devices • New medical treatments
• Offer potential to lower costs and improve efficiency or effectiveness of service delivery
2. Individual digital technologies • First-generation ICT-based management information • Improve efficiency in delivery and content systems for health, education, and social protection of health, nutrition, education, and social • Cellphones and mobile applications for education, protection services health, and nutrition • Help to identify potential beneficiary pool • Drones for remote sensing and delivery of medical to provide services to populations that have been marginalized, subjected to and disaster relief supplies • Satellite imaging for monitoring agriculture, weather, discrimination, or are otherwise at risk • Allow more effective communication with disasters, and movements of people • Blockchain to ensure security in digital identity and citizens payment systems • 3-D printing for medical supplies, prosthetics, teaching modules, and so on • Augmented reality and virtual reality training, information, and remote learning experiences to aid students and to train workers, including doctors and other health personnel, to use new technologies • Online health, nutrition, and educational content 3. Digital platforms • Social registries integrated with other systems, including • Reduce asymmetry of information and digital payment systems for social protection services the costs of accessing information and • Online education portals with learning resources allow interaction between consumers and and open course enrollment to enable teachers and providers of goods and services students to access multiple education resources • Enable inclusion by giving marginalized • E-health (digital health) groups and communities access to services in their homes • Matching medical supplies with needs at clinical care facilities and patients with available health services • Foster innovation through new products • Job-matching platforms and services based on monetizing data, including health and education 4. Data-driven, personalized applications of converging technologies in health and education • AI-driven personalized and adaptive learning, including personalized massive online open courses • Assessment of students’ performance • AI-driven personalized health services • Affective computing • Malnutrition measurement and monitoring at the individual level • Human–machine interaction and augmentation 5. Data-driven decision-making technologies, combining big data, AI, geospatial, and related technologies • Big data analysis and remote sensing, using mobile phone records to track people’s movements • Early warning systems for weather or epidemics
• Augment the effectiveness of a service through self-learning technologies, using instant feedback and information from beneficiaries • Help traditionally excluded marginalized and disadvantaged groups by addressing their specific needs • Augment individual capacities
• Improve accuracy of decision-making and predictions based on available data • Support the use of data optimization and predictive intelligence to target services and protect human capital during disasters and crises • Combine knowledge arising from datasets for multiple sectors to improve planning and monitoring
Source: World Bank study team. Note: AI = artificial intelligence; ICT = information and communications technology.
