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By the World Bank
Standards play a simultaneously central and unsung role in our modern world. From the first attempts to unify weights and measures in ancient empires to today’s complex web of international protocols governing everything from the internet to food safety, standards have been the bedrock upon which societies build their economic, political, and social structures. But who sets standards, and why does that matter? And what roles do standards play in the progress of nations?
Because development is about improving standards of living, World Development Report 2025 argues that setting and enforcing standards across the economy, society, environment, and government are the heart of the development process. This report will explore how voluntary and mandatory standards can be used as a tool for development—to improve the productivity of firms, enable job creation, conduct mutually beneficial trade, enhance public access to basic social services, widen financial inclusion, and limit the adverse impacts of economic activities on the environment—and thereby quicken progress toward the sustainable development goals.
The Middle-Income Trap
October 2024. 272 pages. Stock no. C212078 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2078-6). US$54.95
DEVELOPMENT REPORT November 2025. 250 pages. Stock no. C212275 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2275-9). US$49.50
By the World Bank
GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS
July 2025. 250 pages.
Stock no. C212193 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2193-6). US$49.50
The global economy is facing another substantial headwind, emanating largely from an increase in trade tensions and heightened global policy uncertainty. For emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs), the ability to boost job creation and reduce extreme poverty has declined. Key downside risks include a further escalation of trade barriers and continued policy uncertainty. These challenges are exacerbated by subdued foreign direct investment into EMDEs.
Global cooperation is needed to restore a more stable international trade environment and scale up support for vulnerable countries grappling with conflict, debt burdens, and climate change. Domestic policy action is also critical to contain inflation risks and strengthen fiscal resilience. To accelerate job creation and long-term growth, structural reforms must focus on raising institutional quality, attracting private investment, and strengthening human capital and labor markets. Countries in fragile and conflict situations face daunting development challenges that will require tailored domestic policy reforms and well-coordinated multilateral support.
Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group flagship report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, semi-annually in January and June. Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.
January 2026. 246 pages. Stock no. C212267 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2267-4). US$49.50
By the World Bank
A vibrant private sector is central to efforts to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity on a livable planet. When it functions well, the private sector sparks innovation and entrepreneurship. It can unlock economic opportunities for people who need them the most. It can drive a more efficient and sustainable use of natural resources.
Business Ready (B-READY) is a World Bank flagship report that evaluates the business and investment climate worldwide. B-READY provides a comprehensive data set and description of the factors that strengthen the private sector, not only by advancing the interests of individual firms but also by elevating the interests of workers, consumers, potential new enterprises, and the natural environment. The project promotes economic reforms, opening the door for knowledge sharing and policy dialogue for governments, civil society (including the private sector), and development institutions.
The second edition of B-READY expands the report’s geographic coverage and draws on a robust data collection process that includes tailored expert questionnaires and firm-level surveys. By providing a rich set of data, B-READY supports social and economic research on the drivers and consequences of private sector development. The project aims to build a comprehensive instrument panel that, by 2026, will enable about 180 economies to dial in the precise settings needed for a vibrant private sector development—the combination of conditions that will reduce poverty, advance shared prosperity, and speed up the transition to a low-carbon economy. Its goal is to accelerate smart development by encouraging healthy competition among businesses—and countries.
Granular, raw data will be published on the project’s website, www.worldbank.org/businessready, along with reproducibility tools.
By Norbert Schady, Alaka Holla, Joana Silva, and Andres Yi Chang
October 2025. 120 pages.
Stock no. C212277 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2277-3). US$43.95
Human capital —the health, knowledge, skills, and experience that people accumulate throughout their lives—is essential for individual well-being and national development. No country has achieved sustained growth or reduced poverty without first investing in its people. But building human capital is not just about “what” we do; it is also about “where” we do it.
This new flagship report complements the traditional sectoral or life cycle approaches to human capital by focusing on the places where human capital is built: home, neighborhoods, and work. These spaces shape people’s opportunities to learn, grow up healthy, and earn a living—and are often overlooked in traditional policy approaches. By shifting attention to the places where human capital is built, the report broadens the menu of policy tools and unlocks new ways to improve lives and livelihoods. Supportive homes, stronger neighborhoods, and better work environments are an untapped source of better future jobs, productivity, and living standards. By unlocking this potential, people and economies will be better off. Taking action to build human capital where people grow, live, and work is both necessary and long overdue.
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded Human Capital and What to Do about It
March 2023. 186 pages. Stock no. C211901 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1901-8). US$43.95
By Richard Damania, Ebad Ebadi, Kentaro Mayr, Jason Russ, and Esha Zaveri
Reboot Development: The Economics of a Livable Planet explores how the foundational endowments of land, air, and water—long taken for granted— are now under growing threat, putting at risk the very progress they helped create. For generations, these natural systems have powered development, supporting health, food, energy, and economic opportunity. But today, the strains on these systems are intensifying. This report argues that maintaining a livable planet is not merely an environmental concern but is an economic necessity.
Drawing on new data and analysis, the report reveals how nature’s decline is reshaping economic outcomes. The loss of natural forests dries soils, reduces rainfall, and weakens resilience to drought; disrupting food and energy production and costing billions in lost output. The nitrogen paradox is laid bare: While synthetic fertilizers have boosted food production, inefficient overuse now harms yields and pollutes ecosystems. In addition, the silent toll of air pollution on health, productivity, and cognitive performance continues to mount. These costs are often hidden, but as the report shows, they are too large to ignore.
Yet the message is not one of constraint but of possibility. The wealth of nature is a source of prosperity. When stewarded wisely, it can drive growth, create jobs, and enhance resilience. The publication outlines a pragmatic agenda for action.
By William F. Maloney, Xavier Cirera, and Maria Marta Ferreyra
WORLD BANK LATIN AMERICAN AND CARIBBEAN STUDIES
June 2025. 248 pages.
Stock no. C212205
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2205-6). US$49.50
Latin America and the Caribbean has lost a century of growth due to its inability to learn to identify, adapt, and implement new technologies emerging since the Second Industrial Revolution. Superstars like Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay fell behind peers like France and Germany, while the entire region retrogressed in industries it once dominated, unable to take advantage of new opportunities propelling other countries to high-income status. The report shows that this remains the case today but argues that the region can reclaim the lost century by building learning economies, creating the human capital, institutions, and incentives to increase the demand for knowledge, facilitate the flow of new ideas, and foment experimentation.
“This outstanding book tackles one of Latin America’s greatest development puzzles: its failure to build high-income economies. The authors present a comprehensive theory placing knowledge—its creation, assimilation, and use—at the core of the explanation…. A definitive reference on Latin American development, this book is essential reading for scholars, policy makers, and anyone invested in the region’s economic future.”
—Diego Comin, Professor of Economics, Dartmouth College
“Nearly a century ago, Joseph Schumpeter highlighted the importance of the creation, application, and dissemination of knowledge for the prosperity of nations…and numerous high-growth countries have confirmed his path to success. But, sadly, most of Latin America and the Caribbean has not. In this magnificent new book, readers will find data, information, theory, and arguments that explain why. More importantly, by examining the mechanics of knowledge assimilation and creation at the center of the ‘innovation machine’ that drives growth, readers will find tools and mechanisms adapted to our local conditions to boost economic prosperity.”
—José Miguel Benavente, Chief Executive Officer, Chilean Economic Development Agency
ALSO AVAILABLE
Building Learning Economies in Latin America and the Caribbean
August 2025. 280 pages. Stock no. C212251 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2251-3). US$49.50
Edited by Alaka Holla and Samira Nikaein Towfighian
Learning poverty —or the fraction of 10-year-old children who cannot read a simple paragraph—stood at 63 percent in the Middle East and North Africa region in 2019. Nearly 1 of every 3 young people (ages 15–24) are idle, neither studying nor working, and the prevalence of mental illness among adolescents in the region is above the world average.
These pathologies plaguing school-age children and youth in the region have much earlier origins. Their paths to weak learning, diminished mental health, and depressed labor market prospects most likely started in the early childhood—the period from gestation to age 6—a critical period when the brain is still forming and when children pick up skills, such as early language and numeracy, that set them up for learning related skills in school, such as reading and mathematics, and for skills such as focus, perseverance, and emotional regulation that prepare them for the labor market and lay the foundations for future mental health.
This report makes the case for all governments in the region to play a greater role in promoting early childhood development—specifically in (1) ensuring efficient and equitable provision of services for children under age 6, (2) coordinating the different sectors that tend to provide services for this age group and partnering with non-state providers, and (3) regulating and monitoring the quality of early childhood services and the development of children. It documents the extent to which governments currently fulfill these roles in supporting children’s healthy physical growth, social-emotional and mental health, and early learning, and in mitigating the potential for permanent harm that arises from poverty, maltreatment, and conflict. The report articulates a basic minimum package for children focused on early learning, early health and nutrition, and the protection of children from poverty. It also proposes roles for a government to function as a “nurturing state” that supports the health, skills, and productive potential of the region’s youngest residents and future workforce.
By the World Bank
SOUTH ASIA DEVELOPMENT MATTERS
August 2025. 250 pages. Stock no. C212207 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2207-0). US$49.50
South Asia is the most climate-vulnerable region among emerging markets and developing economies. With governments having limited room to act due to fiscal constraints, the burden of climate adaptation will fall primarily on households and firms. Awareness of climate risks is high; more than threequarters of households and firms expect a weather shock in the next 10 years.
Climate adaptation is widespread, with 63 percent of firms and 80 percent of households having taken action. However, most rely on basic, lowcost solutions rather than leveraging advanced technologies and public infrastructure. Market imperfections and income constraints limit access to information, finance, and technologies needed for more effective adaptation. If these obstacles were removed, private sector adaptation could offset about one-third of the potential damage from rising global temperatures on South Asian economies.
The policy priority for governments is, therefore, to facilitate private sector adaptation through a comprehensive policy package. The package includes climate-specific measures such as improving weather information access, promoting resilient technologies and weather insurance, and investing in protective infrastructure in a targeted manner. Equally important are broader developmental initiatives with resilience co-benefits, in other words, policies that generate double dividends.
Helping Firms and People Help Themselves examines how South Asia can best adapt to climate change and explores the following questions: Given likely climate change scenarios, what could be the aggregate impact of adaptation on the region’s development path? How do households, firms, and farms adapt to climate change? Which government policies can best support costeffective climate adaptation by household and firms, and which can reduce the need for costly private adaptation?
Addressing Structural Inequalities to Accelerate Poverty Reduction in Africa
Edited by Nistha Sinha, Gabriela lnchauste, and Ambar Narayan
Structural sources of Africa’s inequality are rooted in laws, institutions, and practices that create advantages for a few but disadvantages for many. They include differences in living standards that come from inherited or unalterable characteristics, such as where people are born and their parents’ education, ethnicity, religion, and gender. They also arise from market and institutional distortions that privilege some firms, farms, and workers to access markets, employment, and opportunities while limiting access for the majority and limiting earning opportunities.
Leveling the Playing Field: Addressing Structural Inequalities to Accelerate Poverty Reduction in Africa argues that policies to address high levels of structural inequality in Africa are also at the heart of what is needed to accelerate progress in reducing extreme poverty.
There is nothing inevitable about structural inequality. Economies that put up barriers to opportunities can also remove and replace them with policies that create a level playing field. Indeed, across the world, countries where opportunities are distributed more fairly grow faster and have lower poverty incidence. Broadening access to opportunities represents one of Africa’s key prospects for raising productivity and earnings and accelerating poverty reduction. Leveraging the most recent data available for the region, Leveling the Playing Field provides recommendations aimed at improving the productive capacity of the poor, the ability of poor individuals to use their capacities for well-paying job opportunities, and the design of fair fiscal policies.
Addressing Structural Inequalities to Accelerate Poverty Reduction in Africa
February 2025. 342 pages. Stock no. C212160 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2160-8). US$43.95
By Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, Laura Starita, and Alexandra Norris
August 2025. 250 pages. Stock no. C212204
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2204-9). US$49.50
The Global Findex 2025 reveals how mobile technology is equipping more adults around the world to own and use financial accounts to save formally, access credit, make and receive digital payments, and pursue opportunities. Including the inaugural Global Findex Digital Connectivity Tracker, this fifth edition of Global Findex presents new insights on the interactions among mobile phone ownership, internet use, and financial inclusion.
The Global Findex is the world’s most comprehensive database on digital and financial inclusion. It is also the only global source of comparable demand-side data, allowing cross-country analysis of how adults access and use mobile phones, the internet, and financial accounts to reach digital information and resources, save, borrow, make payments, and manage their financial health. Data for the Global Findex 2025 were collected from nationally representative surveys of about 145,000 adults in 141 economies. The latest edition follows the 2011, 2014, 2017, and 2021 editions and includes new series measuring mobile phone ownership and internet use, digital safety, and frequency of transactions using financial services.
The Global Findex 2025 is an indispensable resource for policy makers in the fields of digital connectivity and financial inclusion, as well as for practitioners, researchers, and development professionals.
To learn more, visit http://globalfindex.worldbank.org
By the World Bank
For more than five decades, the World Bank’s premier annual publication on debt, now titled the International Debt Report , along with the associated International Debt Statistics (IDS) database, have helped shape policies in development finance by sharing timely and comprehensive external debt data and analysis with the international community. Drawing on data collected through the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System, this publication has kept pace with evolving borrowing patterns and new lending instruments, measured the impact of initiatives to relieve debt burdens, and promoted best practices in debt recording and reporting. Each year the report presents timely analysis of evolving trends in external debt stocks and flows of low- and middleincome countries (LMICs), as well as issues and challenges for development finance.
The IDS database provides comprehensive information on external debt stocks and flows of public and private borrowers in LMICs by borrower and creditor, the terms on which external loans are contracted, current and future debt service, and debt indicators in relation to key economic variables.
By the World Bank
This second edition of the Digital Progress and Trends Report series explores how developing countries can harness AI to foster inclusive and sustainable growth. It examines the unique opportunities AI offers in advancing development, while also addressing the significant challenges, including gaps in the foundational 3Cs: compute, context (data), and competency (skills).
The report highlights how AI differs from previous general-purpose technologies and analyzes its potential impact on economic growth, labor markets, industrial organization, and international trade. It presents novel insights into AI innovation, adoption, and the supply-demand dynamics of the 3Cs across diverse economies. Additionally, the report identifies market failures and externalities that require targeted government intervention and offers tailored policy recommendations aligned with each country’s AI maturity.
The 2-Billion-Person Challenge
Edited by Emil Tesliuc, Claudia Rodriquez Alas, and Jamele Rigolini
Social protection goes well beyond cash transfers; it includes policies and programs that bridge skills, financial, and information gaps, aiding people in securing better jobs. The three pillars of social protection—social assistance, social insurance, and labor market programs—support households and workers in handling crises, escaping poverty, facing transitions, and seizing employment opportunities. But despite a substantial expansion over the past decade, 2 billion people remain uncovered or inadequately covered across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
Drawing from administrative and household survey data from the World Bank’s Atlas of Social Protection Indicators of Resilience and Equity (ASPIRE), State of Social Protection Report 2025: The 2-Billion-Person Challenge documents advances and challenges to strengthening social protection and labor systems across LMICs, analyzing the evolution of expenditure, coverage, and adequacy of support.
This report details four policy action areas governments can embrace to maximize the benefits of adequate social protection for all: extending social protection to those in need, strengthening the adequacy of social protection support, building shockproof social protection systems, and optimizing social protection financing. The report discusses how the path of reforms will depend on country context, capacity, and fiscal space.
The rising frequency of shocks and crises calls for major investments in the adaptability and preparedness of social protection and labor systems. Amid a world in transition, social protection is more important and necessary than ever.
By Forhad Shilpi, Claudia Berg, and Matthew Kahn
In development discussions, resilience to climate change is often framed in defensive and reactive terms, focusing on top-down measures that treat individuals as passive victims unable to anticipate or protect themselves from shocks. This report addresses a critical aspect that this narrow approach overlooks: the capacity of firms, farms, and households to prepare for, recover from, and adapt to disruptions. True resilience is about enabling people to take proactive measures—preparing for disruptions, recovering from shocks, and adapting to changing circumstances. However, this requires access to the right tools and resources, such as financial means, actionable information, insurance, and credit. When these are lacking, communities are left vulnerable. This report proposes policies that can help bridge this gap.
POLICY RESEARCH REPORTS
August 2025. 280 pages.
Stock no. C212158 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2158-5). US$49.50
Addressing this challenge requires a change in perspective: moving from reactive defense to proactive empowerment. This approach recognizes people as agents of change, capable of anticipating risks and acting on them when provided with the necessary tools. With adequate resources and better access to climate and weather information, individuals can assess risks; make informed decisions; and seize opportunities to invest in new skills, expand businesses, or relocate to safer environments offering better prospects.
By Ana Margarida Fernandes and Tristan Reed
This report asks a pivotal question: When should a country whose goal is economic development pursue industrial policy, and if so, how? It examines the economic rationales, prerequisite market conditions, and institutional capacity that underpin successful industrial policy implementation, distilling best practices where they exist. Specific industrial policies covered will include public goods like industrytailored regulations, infrastructure, and skills (e.g., in agribusiness and tourism); market interventions like subsidies, import tariffs, local content requirements, and commodity export bans; and macroeconomic interventions like strategic exchange rate devaluations.
Based on a review of national development plans from various countries, the report argues that policies targeting productivity growth in narrowly defined industries can yield broader development benefits than strategies that focus only on economy-wide fundamentals. It also suggests that this targeted approach can be more valuable for low- and middle-income countries than for high-income countries.
By Fan Zhang, Hrishi Chandanpurkar, James Famiglietti, Deyu Rao, Rick Hogeboom, Pavel Sierra, Christian Borja-Vega, Regassa Namara, and Zarif Rasu
Grounded in new evidence from satellite data, this report presents the first global assessment of freshwater reserves over the past two decades. The findings expose an alarming trend of continental drying, a persistent, long-term decline in freshwater availability across vast land masses. Not only are droughts and deluges becoming more unpredictable, but the total amount of freshwater available for use has also significantly declined. Continental drying, caused by global warming, worsening droughts, and unsustainable water and land use, is a silent but accelerating crisis—largely unknown to the public—that reshapes the global water narrative.
This report recommends a three-pronged approach to address the continental drying crisis: managing demand, augmenting water supply, and improving water allocation. Five cross-cutting levers—strengthening institutions, reforming water tariffs and repurposing subsidies, adopting water accounting, leveraging data and technological innovations, and valuing water in trade—are essential for effective implementation and to attract private investment to finance the approach. Beyond water, addressing trade barriers, investing in education and skills development, and improving access to markets and financial services are critical for strengthening job and livelihood resilience amid a continental drying crisis.
By Chandan Deuskar, Sally Murray, Juan Sebastián Leiva Molano, Ibrahim Ali Khan, and Augustin Maria
Cities around the world are responsible for ever-growing shares of people, assets, and economic activities vulnerable to climate disasters. They are also responsible for the majority of the world’s carbon emissions.
The publication provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of key resilient and low-carbon investment costs in major urban sectors in all low- and middleincome countries to 2050. These include investments in urban transportation, energyefficient buildings, solid waste management, water and wastewater, flood protection, and heat resilience. The estimated total cost of these investments revealed by this analysis is sobering: between USD256 and USD821 billion per year. However, climate investments are not a separate category of investments that cities need to make in addition to their regular investments. These are core urban investments that cities need to make for their local economic and social benefits in addition to their climate benefits.
Banking on Cities advances the discussion on urban climate finance by exploring how cities can identify sources of funding and finance that are suited to different types of resilient and low-carbon urban investments.
Investing in Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response
Edited by Siddhanth Sharma, Stefano Bertozzi, Victoria Fan, Dean Jamison, Ole Norheim, Hitoshi Oshitani, and Muhammad Pate
DISEASE CONTROL PRIORITIES
October 2025. 500 pages. Stock no. C212213 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2213-1). US$60.50
The fourth edition of Disease Control Priorities (DCP4) builds on three previous editions published from 1993 through 2018. DCP4 uses a collaborative, country-led approach to summarize, produce, and help translate economic evidence to inform better priority setting and capacity strengthening for universal health coverage, public health functions, pandemic preparedness and response, and intersectoral and international action for health.
New modeling for DCP4 suggests more than a 20 percent probability in the next decade of another pandemic with mortality comparable to COVID-19. Volume 2 provides practical guidance for countries to prevent, prepare for, and respond to pandemics. Drawing on COVID-19 lessons, this volume identifies key priorities to build resilient systems that protect lives and economies through evidence-based national and regional actions.
By International Finance Corporation
Smallholder farmers are the stewards of more than 80 percent of the world’s farms. These small family businesses produce about one-third of the world’s food.
The third edition of Working with Smallholders: A Handbook for Firms Building Sustainable Supply Chains shows agribusinesses how to engage more effectively with smallholders and to develop sustainable, resilient, and productive supply chains. The book compiles practical solutions and cutting-edge ideas to overcome the challenges facing smallholders. This edition is substantially revised and incorporates new material on the potential for digital technologies and sustainable farming.
This handbook is written principally to outline opportunities for the private sector. The content may also be useful to the staffs of governmental or nongovernmental development programs working with smallholders, as well as to academic and research institutions.
By Laura Gregory, Kathryn Bullard, Michel Welmond, Anna Boni, Zid Mancenido, and Diego Luna Bazaldua
Coherent and aligned education systems rely on teachers who are well-prepared and motivated. Initial teacher education is the first stage in teachers’ career-long professional development. It is a critical step for teachers to gain the knowledge, competencies, and skills they need for teaching and to formulate their professional identity and commitment to the field.
This report analyzes how primary school teachers are prepared across the world and identifies lessons and guiding principles that can help improve the quality of teacher preparation mechanisms. The case for investing in initial teacher education is presented. The report explores issues around attracting and selecting strong candidates into initial teacher education programs, as well as the content of impactful programs; the methods of assuring quality; and the importance of aligning institutions for responsive, efficient, and quality-driven teacher preparation.
The Role of Capital Markets in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Edited by Cesaire A. Meh and Sergio L. Schmukler
Financing Firm Growth: The Role of Capital Markets in Low- and Middle-Income Countries shows that the gap in capital market financing between low- and middleincome countries (LMICs) and high-income countries has narrowed, with resulting benefits for both the firms accessing those markets and for the countries in which they operate. The analysis reveals greater participation by firms from LMICs in capital markets since the 2000s. Most of these firms are new participants in capital markets, and they tend to be smaller, younger, and more productive than those already participating. Firms are deploying capital raised in markets to become more productive—investing in physical assets, hiring more workers, and expanding operations, spurring growth both at the firm level and within their economies.
To reach these findings, the analysis used a novel database of the universe of bond and equity issuances from companies between 1990 and 2022. The insights leverage data from nearly 80,000 firms worldwide, focusing on how 20,000 firms across 106 LMICs access and use capital market financing.
Launched in 2024, this new series addresses key economic trends in this dynamic region through rigorous analysis, real-world examples, and policy lessons for scholars, policy makers, and practitioners.
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
June 2025. 142 pages.
Stock no. C212198
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2198-1). US$43.95
By Francesca de Nicola, Aaditya Mattoo, and Trang Thu Tran
The East Asia and Pacific region is helping the world decarbonize and is encouraging the domestic adoption of renewables. But there is an imbalance: While the region’s innovation and investment improve global access to green technologies, its own emissions continue to grow because of the reluctance to penalize carbon-intensive practices. The disparity between domestic supply and demand spills over into international trade, provoking measures by other countries that limit access to markets and technologies.
Green Technologies: Decarbonizing Development in East Asia and Pacific argues that deeper reform of the region’s own policies will encourage the domestic diffusion of cleaner technologies and may also foster greater international cooperation—on climate as well as on innovation and trade in green goods. The book proposes a framework to guide policy on green technology development and diffusion. It will be of interest to policy makers, businesses, and researchers working at the intersection of economics and environmental policy.
By Francesca
de Nicola, Aaditya Mattoo, and Jonathan Timmis
In an era of rapid global technological change, productivity growth in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region has decelerated. The most-productive firms in EAP, the “national frontier,” are lagging behind the world’s leading firms, the “global frontier,” particularly in the digital-intensive sectors driving innovation. This widening gap is critical, as these national frontier firms are pivotal to output, employment, and the dissemination of advanced technologies to other domestic enterprises.
Detailed firm-level analysis reveals that barriers to competition are stifling incentives to innovate and are inhibiting the movement of workers and capital to more-productive firms. At the same time, inadequate skills and infrastructure are constraining the region’s capacity to innovate.
Firm Foundations of Growth: Productivity and Technology in East Asia and Pacific argues that enhancing competition, bolstering digital infrastructure, and developing relevant skills can reignite productivity growth across the region, particularly for frontier firms. This book will be of interest to researchers, businesses, and policy makers dedicated to understanding and addressing the productivity challenges in the EAP region.
By Omar Arias, Daisuke Fukuzawa, Duong Trung Le, and Aaditya Mattoo
People in East Asia and Pacific (EAP) countries have prospered over the last few decades because of the growth in productive jobs. Do industrial robots, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital platforms threaten that development model?
Future Jobs presents evidence that new technologies have thus far boosted employment. Increases in productivity and scale have outweighed the labor-displacing effects of automation technologies. However, the benefits have been uneven, favoring skilled workers, while some less-skilled workers, in more routine and manual jobs, have been pushed into the informal sector. Digital platforms have generated new opportunities for the hitherto marginalized but also have created insecurity for incumbent workers.
Looking ahead, digitization will enhance the tradability of services, and AI will transform the production processes. EAP countries can benefit by equipping their workforce with the necessary skills and opening their long-protected services sectors to trade and investment. Policy makers, researchers, and businesses will find in this book both insights and questions on how best to harness the potential of new technologies to sustain prosperity in EAP countries.
Digital Technologies and Policy Reform in East Asia and Pacific
By the World Bank
Services are a new force for innovation, trade, and growth in East Asia and Pacific. The dramatic diffusion of digital technologies and partial policy reforms in services—from finance, communication, and transport to retail, health, and education—is transforming these economies. The result is higher productivity and changing jobs in the services sector, as well as in the manufacturing sectors that use these services.
A region that has thrived through openness to trade and investment in manufacturing still maintains innovation-inhibiting barriers to entry and competition in key services sectors. Services Unbound: Digital Technologies and Policy Reform in East Asia and Pacific makes the case for deeper domestic reforms and greater international cooperation to unleash a virtuous cycle of increased economic opportunity and enhanced human capacity that would power development in the region.
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
June 2025. 212 pages. Stock no. C212199 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2199-8). US$43.95
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
December 2024. 172 pages. Stock no. C212082 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2082-3). US$43.95
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Edited by Guillermo Beylis and Nancy Lozano Gracia
June 2025. 186 pages.
Stock no. C212242 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2242-1). US$43.95
Countries that successfully capitalize on ever-advancing technologies and the growing consumer demand for sustainable products will deliver meaningful benefits to their people and economies. Drawing on best-in-class analytics, this book identifies specific areas of opportunity and concrete actions that countries in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region can take to reap the upside of the energy transition. The policy implications are clear: Transforming Latin America’s economic landscape will require concerted and coordinated efforts by governments to strengthen institutions, ensure the investment climate incentivizes capital flows to green priorities, and support the ongoing development of an innovation ecosystem that drives the net-zero transition. The global transition to a net-zero economy opens a window of opportunity for the LAC region. This report offers a roadmap to turn this potential into reality.
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FROM RESOURCE RICH TO RESOURCE SMART (SPANISH EDITION) Opportunities for Latin America and the Caribbean in the Energy Transition
August 2025. 156 pages. Stock no. C212257 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2257-5). US$43.95
Objectives, Behavioral Responses, and Technological Advances
By Guillermo Vuletin
The report re-evaluates taxation in Latin America and the Caribbean, emphasizing economic growth alongside revenue collection and equity. It underscores the influence of taxpayer behavior and technological advancements on tax effectiveness. Targeted cash transfers are identified as crucial for achieving equity, while the traditional view of value-added tax as regressive is challenged. The report recommends adopting competitive corporate income tax rates, expanding the personal income tax base, and utilizing property taxes. This approach aims to transcend conventional trade-offs, fostering more effective and growth-oriented tax systems.
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RETHINKING TAXATION FOR GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (SPANISH EDITION)
Objectives, Behavioral Responses, and Technological Advances October 2025. 158 pages. Stock no. C212281 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2281-0). US$43.95
By Ekaterina Vostroknutova, James Sampi, Charl Jooste, and Jorge Thompson Araujo
Competition is a core element of economic growth, but empirical evidence on how competition affects productivity is limited. This publication presents new empirical research that shows how competition policy in Latin America and the Caribbean has boosted productivity growth and improved market outcomes.
“A must-read if you are interested in understanding the relationship between competition law, competition enforcement, growth, and productivity in Latin America. A report rich with data, analysis, and recommendations that will guide policy makers in the region.”
—Antonio Capobianco, Deputy Head of the Competition Division, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
ALSO AVAILABLE
COMPETITION AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (SPANISH EDITION)
September 2025. 165 pages. Stock no. C212273 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2273-5). US$43.95
and Productivity Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean
By the World Bank
Food and nutrition security remains a critical challenge across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), exacerbated by climate change, water scarcity, and conflict. Macroeconomic challenges, inflation, and declining purchasing power have further strained food affordability across the region, while production systems are increasingly under stress due to water and climate shocks. As a result, severe food insecurity has climbed from affecting approximately 53 million people in 2013–2015 (10 percent of the population) to about 76 million in 2021–2023 (15 percent of the population). Without significant action, this number is projected to reach 92 to 95 million people by 2030, turning MENA into the world’s second most food-insecure region by share of population.
Recognizing the urgent need for transformation, Full Plates, Healthy Futures provides policy makers with data-driven insights and policy recommendations to help develop stronger and more resilient food systems.
The Government Analytics Collection is a series of practical guides and resources for policy makers and public officials around the world seeking to improve government functioning by better using their administrative and survey data.
The series is based on The Government Analytics Handbook. It includes associated tools, region-specific reports, data, and approaches for practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of government analytics.
More information and resources are available at worldbank.org/governmentanalytics.
October 2023. 782 pages.
Stock no. C211957
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-1957-5). US$83.00
October 2025. 164 pages.
Stock no. C212279
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2279-7). US$43.95
Leveraging Data to Strengthen Public Administration
By Daniel Rogger and Christian Schuster
The Government Analytics Handbook presents frontier evidence and practitioner insights on how to leverage data to strengthen public administration. Covering a range of microdata sources—such as administrative data and public servant surveys—as well as tools and resources for undertaking the analytics, it transforms the ability of governments to take a data-informed approach to diagnose and improve how public organizations work.
The Handbook is a must-have for practitioners, policy makers, academics, and government agencies. It is available as a single volume in print or digital formats and as chapters for modular use. Additional tools, data, and background information are available at worldbank.org/governmentanalytics
Leveraging Data to Strengthen Public Administration
By Daniel Rogger and Christian Schuster
This abridged version of the main Handbook has been translated by the National School of Public Administration of Brazil and contains seven chapters that address key issues for Latin America and the Caribbean.
ALSO AVAILABLE
THE GOVERNMENT ANALYTICS HANDBOOK (SPANISH ABRIDGED EDITION)
Leveraging Data to Strengthen Public Administration
Online only at http://bit.ly/44P1e98
Building Government Analytics Ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean
By Juan Francisco Santini, Flavia Sacco Capurro, Daniel Rogger, Timothy Lundy, Galileu Kim, Jorge de León Miranda, Serena Cocciolo, and Chiara Casanova
Governments in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region face significant developmental and institutional challenges, such as slowing growth, fiscal constraints, and inefficiencies in the public sector. At the same time, governments have invested significantly in government technologies (GovTech), making LAC a global pioneer in management information systems (MISs). This investment creates an opportunity for governments to leverage MIS data to strengthen the functioning of government and achieve development goals—that is, government analytics.
This report provides a conceptual framework to assess and provide guidance on the regional government analytics agenda and how to harvest the benefits of GovTech investments. It examines how government analytics can inform policy making and improve accountability and efficiency, drawing on survey data and successful applications of government analytics. The report also explores the enabling conditions for government analytics—data infrastructure and analytical capabilities—and how to strengthen them. Finally, it provides practical guidance on how to develop a holistic government analytics agenda.
Building Government Analytics Ecosystems in Latin America and the Caribbean
By Juan Francisco Santini, Flavia Sacco Capurro, Daniel Rogger, Timothy Lundy, Galileu Kim, Jorge de León Miranda, Serena Cocciolo, and Chiara Casanova
This version has been translated by the Latin American Center for Development Administration.
ALSO AVAILABLE
GOVERNMENT ANALYTICS IN EUROPE Making Public Data Count
This report examines how analytics using government microdata is revolutionizing public administration throughout the world. Its focus is on government analytics in the European Union. Online only at http://bit.ly/3J3UECX
“This pioneering handbook shows how microdata can be used to give granular and real insights into how states work.”
— Francis Fukuyama, Stanford University, author of State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century
“The most comprehensive work on practically building government administration I have ever seen.”
— Francisco Gaetani, Special Secretary for State Transformation, Government of Brazil
By Alex Twinomugisha, Ekua Bentil, Robert Hawkins, and Yevgeniya Savchenko
October 2025. 130 pages.
Stock no. C212203
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2203-2). US$43.95
With digital skills now essential to participate in the modern economy and data becoming the new currency of growth, Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) must act decisively to prepare its large youth population for the digital age. This report advocates a dual-track strategy: ensuring universal digital literacy while simultaneously accelerating advanced digital skills development. This approach recognizes that while broad-based digital literacy is essential for inclusive growth, Africa must also build advanced capabilities in artificial intelligence, data science, and software development to drive innovation and economic transformation.
The analysis highlights both the urgency and opportunity for the region. SSA’s youth population offers unprecedented potential for digital innovation, but only if the region can rapidly develop both basic digital literacy and advanced technical capabilities. The report provides a comprehensive roadmap for implementing this dual-track approach through coordinated action from governments, educational institutions, industry partners, and development organizations to ensure SSA can participate in and help shape the global digital economy.
By Johannes Hoogeveen, Karishma Silva, and Robert Benjamin Hopper
June 2025. 158 pages.
Stock no. C211969 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1969-8). US$43.95
Making Refugee Self-Reliance Work advocates for the enhancement of refugee self-reliance as a strategic, humane, development approach to refugee assistance. Facilitating refugees’ capacity to support themselves through gainful work not only upholds their dignity and autonomy but also offers socioeconomic benefits to host communities by unlocking opportunities for shared investment and development.
This book demonstrates how refugee self-reliance in Sub-Saharan Africa remains elusive and identifies various reasons why this is the case: Encampment limits the scope for self-reliance; restrictions on refugees’ right to work hinder self-sufficiency; small allocations of infertile land make even subsistence farming impossible; aid delivery in specific areas contributes to settlement patterns in which skills and economic opportunities do not match; economic development in remote, resource-scarce regions is unsustainable; and dependence on aid shifts funding priorities from long-term development to unproductive care and maintenance models.
By Mohamed Abdel Jelil, Samik Adhikari, Quy-Toan Do, Heidi Kaila, Federica Marzo, Olive Nsababera, Ganesh Seshan, and Maheshwor Shrestha
Migration in Africa is primarily driven by the search for economic opportunity, safety, and security, including from environmental hardships. However, migration’s potential to uplift African livelihoods remains largely untapped. While nearly 15 percent of the world’s migrant population is from Sub-Saharan Africa, two-thirds of SubSaharan migrants stay within Africa, and the majority move within regional economic communities. Africa is also home to a quarter of the world’s refugees, primarily hosted in neighboring countries.
Africa is now at a pivotal crossroads. With a rapidly growing young population facing economic stagnation, conflict, and climate change, the continent’s workforce is expected to increase by 600 million people by 2050, making up a third of the world’s youth. In contrast, labor forces in high-income and upper-middle-income countries are set to decline by 200 million. This demographic divergence opens a window of opportunity for Africa to enhance its migration management systems.
Realizing the potential of migration requires deliberate policies to address challenges and maximize the benefits of migration for both origin and destination countries, as well as for the migrants. Investing in migration systems can better support migrants across the migration cycle, from developing skills in demand domestically, regionally, and globally to ensuring dignity and safety in transit or at their destination. Increasing the number of legal migration pathways is crucial to disincentivize irregular movements and foster safe, orderly migration.
Effective migration management also includes promoting integration in host societies and facilitating voluntary returns. This can be achieved through instruments such as bilateral labor migration agreements with destination countries. Entering these agreements as a unified bloc would strengthen individual countries’ bargaining power, improve conditions for migrants, and maximize the economic benefits of migration. Additionally, the empowerment and self-reliance of refugees and internally displaced persons call for increased collaboration among African nations.
ALSO AVAILABLE
MIGRATION (ARABIC EDITION)
Africa’s Untapped Potential
October 2025. 108 pages. Stock no. C212211 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2211-7). US$43.95
ALSO AVAILABLE
MIGRATION (ENGLISH EDITION)
Africa’s Untapped Potential
October 2025. 116 pages. Stock no. C212168 (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2168-4). US$43.95
Celebrating 15 years, the Africa Development Forum book series is a partnership between the World Bank and Agence Française de Développement. With 37 titles and counting, the series focuses on issues of significant relevance to Sub-Saharan Africa’s social and economic development. Many titles are also available in French.
The book series is designed to provide practitioners, scholars, and students with the most up-to-date research results while highlighting the promise, challenges, and opportunities that exist on the continent.
Explore the entire series at https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2150
MIGRATION
Africa’s Untapped Potential
October 2025. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2168-4). US$43.95
INEQUALITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Multidimensional Perspectives and Future Challenges
March 2025. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-2150-9). US$49.50
MIGRANTS, MARKETS, AND MAYORS
Rising above the Employment Challenge in Africa’s
Secondary Cities
January 2024. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1903-2). US$43.95
THE COMMONS
Drivers of Change and Opportunities for Africa
June 2023. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1960-5). US$49.50
AFRICA’S RESOURCE FUTURE
Harnessing Natural Resources for Economic Transformation during the Low-Carbon Transition
April 2023. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1743-4). US$48.50
SOCIAL CONTRACTS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Bargaining, Contention, and Social Inclusion in SubSaharan Africa
January 2022. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1662-8). US$43.00
INDUSTRIALIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Seizing Opportunities in Global Value Chains
December 2021. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1673-4). US$43.00
FOOD SYSTEMS IN AFRICA
Rethinking the Role of Markets
February 2021. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1588-1). US$43.00
THE FUTURE OF WORK IN AFRICA
Harnessing the Potential of Digital Technologies for All June 2020. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1444-0). US$39.95
ALL HANDS ON DECK
Reducing Stunting through Multisectoral Efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa
July 2019. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1396-2). US$39.95
THE SKILLS BALANCING ACT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Investing in Skills for Productivity, Inclusivity, and Adaptability
June 2019. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1149-4). US$45.00
ELECTRICITY ACCESS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Uptake, Reliability, and Complementary Factors for Economic Impact
March 2019. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1361-0). US$39.95
FACING FORWARD
Schooling for Learning in Africa
September 2018. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1260-6). US$55.00
REALIZING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF SOCIAL SAFETY NETS IN AFRICA
July 2018. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-1164-7). US$35.00
Public Spending Priorities for African Agriculture
Productivity Growth
March 2017. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0937-8). US$39.95
MINING IN AFRICA
Are Local Communities Better Off?
February 2017. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0819-7). US$39.95
CONFRONTING DROUGHT IN AFRICA’S DRYLANDS
Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience
May 2016. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0817-3). US$39.95
AFRICA’S DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Dividend or Disaster?
October 2015. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0489-2). US$35.00
HIGHWAYS TO SUCCESS OR BYWAYS TO WASTE
Estimating the Economic Benefits of Roads in Africa
September 2015. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0654-4). US$35.00
THE CHALLENGE OF STABILITY AND SECURITY IN WEST AFRICA
June 2015. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0464-9). US$29.95
LAND DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN WEST AFRICAN CITIES
The Example of Bamako, Mali
April 2015. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0433-5). US$29.95
SAFETY NETS IN AFRICA
Effective Mechanisms to Reach the Poor and Most Vulnerable
January 2015. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0435-9). US$35.00
TOURISM IN AFRICA
Harnessing Tourism for Growth and Improved Livelihoods
June 2014. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0190-7). US$39.95
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
January 2014. (ISBN: 978-1-4648-0107-5). US$34.95
ENTERPRISING WOMEN
Expanding Economic Opportunities in Africa
June 2013. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9703-9). US$29.95
URBAN LABOR MARKETS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
June 2013. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9781-7). US$39.95
SECURING AFRICA’S LAND FOR SHARED PROSPERITY
A Program to Scale Up Reforms and Investments
June 2013. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9810-4). US$29.95
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DECENTRALIZATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
A New Implementation Model in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, and Senegal
December 2012. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9613-1). US$34.95
EMPOWERING WOMEN
Legal Rights and Economic Opportunities in Africa
October 2012. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9533-2). US$29.95
FINANCING AFRICA’S CITIES
The Imperative of Local Investment
July 2012. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9455-7). US$29.95
STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND RURAL CHANGE REVISITED
Challenges for Late Developing Countries in a Globalizing World
June 2012. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9512-7). US$34.95
THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA
Firm Size, Productivity, and Institutions
June 2012. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-9537-0). US$34.95
LIGHT MANUFACTURING IN AFRICA
Targeted Policies to Enhance Private Investment and Create Jobs
February 2012. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-8961-4). US$30.00
CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION TO SOUTH AFRICA
A Regional Development Issue
August 2011. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-8767-2). US$35.00
CHALLENGES FOR AFRICAN AGRICULTURE
October 2010. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-8481-7). US$35.00
GENDER DISPARITIES IN AFRICA’S LABOR MARKET
August 2010. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-8066-6). US$25.00
AFRICA’S INFRASTRUCTURE
A Time for Transformation
December 2009. (ISBN: 978-0-8213-8041-3). US$39.95
The International Development in Focus series comprises original, well-developed studies that highlight current development issues and are intended to influence programs and policy. These books result from research and analysis carried out as part of the World Bank’s operational work around the world.
Taxes, Benefits, and Labor
By Katharina Fietz, Clement Joubert, Hugo Ñopo, Alberto Ocampo,Truman Packard, Josefina Posadas, and Lourdes Rodriguez Chamussy
This report aims to deepen our understanding of the informality of work and employment outcomes in Latin American and Caribbean labor markets, focusing on the interplay among personal income taxation, social protection policies, and consequently firm and workers’ incentives to (in)formalize agreements.
August 2025. 304 pages.
Stock no. C212238
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2238-4). US$52.95
Wealth-Sharing Mechanisms for Peace and Equitable Growth in the Middle East and North Africa
Discover how the Middle East and North Africa region can transform its vast oil and gas wealth into sustainable, inclusive prosperity. This book explores strategies for equitable resource distribution, transparent governance, and strong economic policies and institutions to foster peace and growth in the region.
May 2025. 92 pages.
Stock no. C212218
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2218-6). US$35.00
ALSO AVAILABLE IN ARABIC EDITION
August 2025. 92 pages.
Stock no. C212256
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2256-8). US$35.00
Strengthening Supply Chains
By Charles Kunaka, Megersa Abera Abate, Théophile Bougna Lonla, and Kisanet Haile Molla
Food insecurity is proving to be an intransigent problem. This book examines how transport and logistics impact food security in Africa. Using a modeling approach, the report identifies weaknesses and opportunities for improvement along the entire food supply chain.
June 2025. 172 pages.
Stock no. C212231
(ISBN: 978-1-4648-2231-5). US$41.95
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