The Converging Technology Revolution and Human Capital

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78 l THE CONVERGING TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION AND HUMAN CAPITAL

11. In a settlement, Musical.ly, now known as TikTok, agreed to pay US$5.7 million to settle a US Federal Trade Commission allegation that the company illegally collected personal information from children. They have since been accused of leaving videos posted by children online, using problematic age verification processes, and “putting children at risk of sexual predation” (Singer 2020). 12. State of Open Data, 21. Indigenous Data Sovereignty, https://www.stateofopendata.od4d​ .net/chapters/issues/indigenous-data.html. 13. Ideally, linguistic diversity should be a source of strength. Unfortunately, it mostly ends up being a source of discrimination and marginalization (Agnihotri 2019). 14. This review did not include Bhutan and Maldives. 15. The cost of curating a customized dataset can amount to 75 percent of the overall cost required for developing an algorithm.

References Ada Lovelace Institute. 2020. No Green Lines, No Red Lines: Public Perspectives on the COVID-19 Technologies. https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/our-work/covid-19/covid-19​ -report-no-green-lights-no-red-lines/. Agnihotri, Rama Kant. 2019. “Linguistic Diversity and Marginality in South Asia.” In Handbook of Education Systems in South Asia, edited by P. Sarangapani and R. Pappu. Global Education Systems. Singapore: Springer. Amnesty International. 2020. Troll Patrol India: Exposing Online Abuse Faced by Women Politicians in India. https://decoders.blob.core.windows.net/troll-patrol-india-findings​ /Amnesty​_International_India_Troll_Patrol_India_Findings_2020.pdf. Arun, C. 2019. “AI and the Global South: Designing for Other Worlds.” In The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI, edited by Markus D. Dubber, Frank Pasquale, and Sunit Das. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Banaji, S., and R. Bhat. 2019. “WhatsApp Vigilantes: An Exploration of Citizen Reception and Circulation of WhatsApp Misinformation Linked to Mob Violence in India” (blog). November 11, 2019. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/medialse/2019/11/11/whatsapp-vigilantes-an​ -exploration-of-citizen-reception-and-circulation-of-whatsapp-misinformation-linked-to​ -mob-violence-in-india/. Bhattacharya, A. 2018. “India Hopes to Become an AI Powerhouse, with Inspiration from China,” World Economic Forum, Cologny, Switzerland. BiometricUpdate.com 2020. “Biometrics Tenders Issued in India for Railway State Security, .­ biometricupdate​ Govt Employee Management.” October 30, 2020. https://www​ .com/202010 ​ / biometrics-tenders-issued-in-india-for-railway-station-security-govt​ -employee-management. Bloomberg Law. 2020. “’Explosion in Distance-Learning Tech Sparks Privacy Worries.” April 6, 2020. https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/explosion-in​ - distance​ -learning-tech-use-sparks-privacy-worries. Burman, Anirudh. 2020. “Will India’s Proposed Data Protection Law Protect Privacy and Promote Growth.” Carnegie India, New Delhi. https://carnegieindia.org/2020/03/09/will-india-s​-­prop osed-data-protection-law-protect-privacy-and-promote-growth-pub-81217.


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A.4 Metatrend 4: Governance of Dual-Use Technologies

4min
pages 158-161

A.3 Metatrend 3: Complex and Dynamic Innovation Ecosystems

5min
pages 156-157

Deploy and Utilize, and Empower Human Capital

14min
pages 142-149

Rising to the Challenge

3min
pages 150-151

A.1 Metatrend 1: Technologies for Building and Protecting Human Capital

3min
pages 153-154

Synthesis

8min
pages 137-140

A.2 Metatrend 2: Data-Driven and Hybrid Human-Machine Technologies for Productive Activities

2min
page 155

Recommendations

4min
pages 134-135

Nine Action Areas for Leveraging the Converging Technology Revolution to Improve Human Capital Outcomes

2min
page 141

Critical Uncertainties

5min
pages 129-130

Introduction

1min
page 125

7.1 Scenario Analysis: Uses and Methods

2min
page 126

Technology Metatrends

4min
pages 127-128

Notes

1min
pages 123-124

Assessment of Technology Maturity in World Bank Projects

2min
page 120

Projects in South Asia: Deploy and Utilize and Empower Pillars

1min
page 119

Implications for Future Engagement

2min
page 122

Pipeline Projects in South Asia: Build and Protect Pillar

1min
page 118

Breakdown of Technology Components of the World Bank’s Human Capital–Related Portfolio in South Asia

2min
page 117

Portfolio for Human Capital

2min
page 116

References

4min
pages 112-114

Introduction

1min
page 115

Notes

2min
page 111

Conclusions

2min
page 110

5.1 National Artificial Intelligence Strategies in the South Asia Region

4min
pages 108-109

5.1 Risks Posed by Converging Technologies

4min
pages 106-107

Data Governance

4min
pages 103-104

Technology for Local Resilience and Community Innovation

2min
page 93

Introduction

1min
page 97

Governance of Converging and Dual-Use Technologies

2min
page 105

The Role of Trust in the Use of Technology

11min
pages 98-102

Conclusions

1min
page 94

at Scale: The Green Revolution and Treatment of HIV/AIDS

2min
page 90

The Digitization of Innovation and the Role of Advanced Human Capital

7min
pages 87-89

Introduction

1min
page 83

Impact of New Technologies on Labor Demand in South Asian Countries

5min
pages 84-85

References

2min
pages 81-82

Notes

2min
page 80

Conclusions

2min
page 79

Data-Driven Decision-Making in the Human Development Sectors

2min
page 78

Social Protection Sectors, South Asia

20min
pages 66-74

Technology Landscape in Health, Education, and Social Protection in South Asia

2min
page 65

Unequal Digital Access in South Asia: Barriers to Equitable Deployment of Technology

4min
pages 62-63

Human Capital

4min
pages 60-61

Opportunities for Improving Service Delivery in Health, Education, and Social Protection

4min
pages 58-59

Notes

2min
page 54

Introduction

1min
page 57

Summary

1min
page 53

References

1min
pages 55-56

The Priorities for South Asia

2min
page 36

Introduction

1min
page 35

2.1 Summary of Interview Responses: Kerala (India), Nepal, and Pakistan

3min
pages 51-52

1 Nine Action Areas in Which Technology Can Build and Protect

2min
page 42

Framing the Relationship between Human Capital and Technology

2min
page 43

Priorities for Human Capital in South Asia

2min
page 49

Perspectives from the Region: Country Expert Interviews

2min
page 50

References

1min
page 39
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