Construction and validation of Self-esteem Scale

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Construction and validation of Self-esteem Scale M.Christu Raj 1, T. Tamizhselvan 2 1Ph.D.,

Research Scholar, Department of Education, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, e.mail: christuraj@gmail.com 2Associate Professor, Department of Education, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, e.mail: tamizhbrinda@gmail.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------students Cuddalore, District of Tamilnadu, India. The next Abstract - A likert type scale to measure the self-esteem of

step in the construction and validation of Self-esteem scale after pilot study is to find out ‘t’ value of each statement which forms the basis for item selection in order to build up the final scale.

high school level students developed. The pilot study conducted with 100 sample and 25 statements. The liker type scale calls for graded response to each statement on a five-point scale ranging from “Strongly Agree” to “Strongly Disagree”. The points are usually denoted by “Strongly Agree (SA)”, “Agree (A)”, “Undecided (UD)”, “Disagree (DA)” and “Strongly Disagree (SDA)”. The different points on the scale are assigned different arbitrary weights. For example, 4,3,2, 1 and 0 in the order of “Strongly Agree” response to “Strongly Disagree” response for the positive statements. Here the “Strongly Agree” response bears a weight of 4. The total scores for an individual can be obtained by adding his / her scores for all the individual items. The ‘t’ value calculated for the all the 25 items and the items with value higher than 1.75 were retained.

Thus the final scale contains 21 statements.

Key Words:

The liker type scale calls for graded response to each statement on a five-point scale ranging from “Strongly Agree” to “Strongly Disagree”. The points are usually denoted by “Strongly Agree (SA)”, “Agree (A)”, “Undecided (UD)”, “Disagree (DA)” and “Strongly Disagree (SDA)”. The different points on the scale are assigned different arbitrary weights.

For example, 4,3,2, 1 and 0 in the order of “Strongly Agree” response to “Strongly Disagree” response for the positive statements. Here the “Strongly Agree” response bears a weight of 4. The total scores for an individual can be obtained by adding his / her scores for all the individual items.

Self-Esteem, High school students,

Then 25% of the subjects (high) with the highest total scores and 25% of subjects (low) with the lowest total scores were sorted out for the purpose of item selection. The high and low groups thus selected formed the criterion groups and each group was made up of 25 high school students.

Construction

1. INTRODUCTION Academic performance (Serrano, Mérida, & Tabernero, 2016); emotional intelligence (Rodrguez, 2012); school success and socioeconomic level (Muoz, 2011); stress and coping (Verduzco, Gómez, & Duran, 2004); Many studies have highlighted the importance of self-esteem as a learning catalyst in the context of education (Villarroel, 2001) and as a critical component in schoolchildren's self-construction.

As the investigator decided to develop a new tool to measure the Self Esteem, it is decided to construct and validate a selfesteem scale. The first step in the construction of the likerttype scale is the collection of a large number of statements to the object under study. 25 statements revealing the Self Esteem of Students were collected from the following sources: (i)

Teachers

(ii)

Related books and

The following formula was used (Edwards, 1957) to calculate ‘t’ value of each statement.Irjet template sample paragraph, Irjet template sample paragraph .Irjet template sample paragraph. Irjet template sample paragraph

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Where

7.

Sometimes I desperate. (N)

8.

2.78

Selected

I feel that others are ignoring me. (N)

4.49

Selected

9.

I feel that I cannot succeed. (N)

1.48

Not Selected

10.

I am far better than many others.

4.02

Selected

11.

I have energy to work hard.

2.20

Selected

12.

Many of my peers like my friendships.

3.43

Selected

13.

If I start talking, people started gathering to listen.

2.47

Selected

14.

My physical appearance are appreciated by many.

5.82

Selected

15.

I am worried about my colour of skin. (N)

0.68

Not Selected

16.

I feel that I don’t have communication skill. (N)

2.41

Selected

17.

My teachers are curious to listen my answers to questions.

2.17

Selected

18.

My peers wants to keep me in their team.

5.06

Selected

19.

I am one of the important in my family

1.97

Selected

20.

Family members not giving respect to me. (N)

2.74

Selected

21.

I am having weakness. (N)

2.72

Selected

X H = the mean score on a given statement for the high group

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nH = the number of subjects in the high group

nL = the number of subjects in the low group Note: if nH = nL = n , as will be the case if we select percentage of the total number of subjects for the high and low groups, then the above formula can be written as follows

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Thus the ‘t’ values for all 25 statements were calculated Table No.1.

Table 1: Rank Order of Items based on ‘t’ values S.No.

Statements

“t” Value

Items selection

1.

I am happy about myself.

3.64

Selected

2.

I feel that I am unique.

1.94

Selected

3.

I feel that my decisions are logical.

1.46

Not Selected

4.

I don’t need others assistance.

2.37

Selected

5.

I believe that I can earn enough.

6.

I believe that I have a number of good qualities.

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2.43 2.18

Selected

many

22.

My language is very poor. (N)

1.69

23.

I don’t bather about others thinking about me.

2.19

24.

I like to be as I am now.

3.56

25.

I don’t have any character to be dropped.

2.91

Not Selected Selected Selected Selected

The value of ‘t’ is a measure of the extent to which a given statement differentiates between the high and low groups. If the ‘t’ value is equal to or greater than 1.75 it indicates that the average response of the high and low

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feel

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 10 | Oct 2022

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

groups to statement differs significantly, provided there are 21 (or) more subjects in the high group and also in the low group (Edwards,1957). In the present study, there are 25 subjects each in the high and low groups. The total number of subjects involved in the pilot study being 100. As many as 21 statements, having the highest ‘t’ value were chosen in order to form the final scale. Final tool has 21. An individual score ranges from 0 to 84 the maximum score that one can get. The maximum score for Self-esteem scale is 84.

level, Unpublished master’s thesis). Universidad de Chile, Santiago.

[4] Senthuran D and Venkataraman S (2017), Personal, Peer and Parents’ Psychological factors and higher secondary students’ Achievement in Zoology, International Journal of Innovative Research Explorer, 6(2), 53-56.

[5]Serrano, A., Mérida, R., & Tabernero, C. (2016). Children’s self-esteem, age, sex, and socioeconomic level as predictors of academic performance. Revista de Investigation en Education, 14(1), 33-66.

A score upto 21 indicates low level self-esteem and 22-42 indicates moderate level of self-esteem and a score above 42 indicates high level of self esteem

[6]Verduzco, M., Gómez, E., & Durán, C. (2004). Influence of self-esteem in the perception of stress and coping in schoolage children, Salud Mental, 27(4), 18-25.

1.1 Validity and Reliability IRJET sample template format ,Conclusion content comes here. Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here Conclusion content comes here . Conclusion content comes here

[7]Villarroel, V. (2001). Relation between self-concept and academic performance., Escuela de Psicologia, 10(1), 3-18.

The state of Self-esteem scale has construct validity as the items were selected following rigid item analysis procedure described above. Its intrinsic validity was found to be 0.81. The reliability of the scale by test-retest method is found to be 0.84. Thus the Self Esteem Scale has validity and reliability.

2. CONCLUSION This scale is developed to measure the high school level students’ self-esteem. An individual score ranges from 0 to 84 the maximum score that one can get. The maximum score for Self-esteem scale is 84. A score upto 21 indicates low level self-esteem and 22-42 indicates moderate level of self-esteem and a score above 42 indicates high level of self esteem

REFERENCES [1] Allen Louis Edwards, Techniques of Attitude Scale Construction, A Feffer and Simons international university edition, Century Psychology Series - Appleton-CenturyCrofts. Century psychology series, ISSN 0271-9223 [2] Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1957 Rodriguez, A. (2012).

Effects of a program of emotional intelligence on primary school children’s self-esteem, (Unpublished masters’ thesis).

Universidad Rafael Urdaneta, Maracaibo.

[3]Munoz, L. (2011). Self-esteem, key factor in school success. Relation between self-esteem and personal variables related to school in students of low socioeconomic

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