Sardinian Red Deer

© 2022 CIC Italian Delegation

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CONTENTS

Foreword by the Head of the CIC Italian Delegation Nicolò Amosso....................

Preface by Stefano Mattioli.....................................................................................

Gradual contraction of the Red Deer range in Corsica and Sardinia....................

Location of the last three surviving nuclei in 1978.................................................

Reintroductions in 1990-2015 (location and release periods)...............................

Estimated red deer population size in areas managed by FoReSTAS and WWF.......

Estimated population size in all the distribution range (alternative census methods indicated).................................................................

Technical report by Nicolò Amosso and Enzo Berzieri.........................................

Measurement sheets.............................................................................................

Summary table of biometric data..........................................................................

pag. 7 pag. 9 pag. 15 pag. 16 pag. 17 pag. 18 pag. 19 pag. 21 pag. 27 pag. 47

Panel of the Sardinian Red Deer Museum in Settefratelli to highlight the characteristics of the subspecies compared to the other forms of Western Red Deer.

by the Head of the CIC Italian Delegation

Nicolò Amosso

One of the increasingly central aims of the CIC is the protection of the environment, biodiversity and ecosystems, particularly in the interest of future generations. The Italian Delegation is contributing through the study of some endemic forms of Ungulates of our country.

After the research on the Apennine chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata in 2020, which allowed the Trophy Evaluation Board to assign the CIC score, it is now the turn of the Sardinian red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus. As you can read below, the Sardinian Red Deer is a subspecies of Western Red Deer that can be distinguished from the other forms by its smaller size, relatively shorter legs and simplified antlers. Recently it has been again introduced to Corsica where it went extinct more than 50 years ago. The Sardinian deer population has been declining for decades, but thanks to the careful conservation of biodiversity and habitats by the FoReSTAS Agency, it is now increasing, distributed in a dozen of nuclei, for a current total of about 11,000 individuals.

As dr Stefano Mattioli explains in detail, its characteristics are a consequence of adaptation to island life with scarcely productive habitats and absence of predators. The trophy itself is the result of relatively poor environments that lead the Sardinian red deer to invest less energy in building its own antlers.

Thanks to the helpfulness of the Settefratelli Museum, it was possible to increase the biometric information on this subspecies by recording all the measures required by the CIC Trophy Evaluation System.

The careful examination of the 17 trophies revealed a very modest weight and common features such as the high attachment of the brow tine on the burr, the rare occurrence of the bez tine and very few crowns, with a palmated shape.

This study will allow us to submit to the next Trophy Evaluation Board the request to reduce the deduction from the gross weight of the skull and antlers, as they are currently too penalizing for this subspecies.

I wish to thank Dr Stefano Mattioli for his unvaluable contribution, Dr Cecilia Fassò of the Biodiversity Office of the FoReSTAS Territorial Service of Cagliari and Giorgio Deiana of the Sardinian Red Deer Museum in Settefratelli for their kindness and helpfulness.

Foreword

SARDINIAN RED DEER (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) preface

by Stefano Mattioli Ph. D.

The Sardinian Red Deer, or better the Sardinian-Corsican or Tyrrhenian Red Deer, is a real subspecies of the Western Red Deer, described for the first time in 1777 by the German zoologist J.C.P. Erxleben. It is easily distinguishable from the other subspecies for its small body size, the darker colour of the coat and its antlers of simplified structure. On average it is smaller than red deer from Scottish moorlands, Mesola Wood and North Africa. Mean head-trunk length of adult stags and hinds is respectively 180 cm and 160 cm, and mean height at withers 100-105 cm and 90 cm; deer stature is visibly lower due to a shortening of limbs. Reduced size and relatively short legs are typical adaptations to their insular life in less productive habitats and with no predators, a phenomenon named by zoologists “insular dwarfism”. To give an idea of the difference with the continental red deer, we can take the example of the average size of deer from northern Apennine, with adult stags of 165-185 kg after the rut and hinds of 100-110 kg, with a head-trunk length of 190200 cm and 170-175 cm, and height at withers of 125-130 cm and 110-115 cm. This means that on average the body weight and the somatic measures of the Sardinian red deer are respectively only 60% and 90-93% of those of several populations from continental Europe. The new-born calf weighs just 4.5 kg, compared with an average in Europe of 8-9 kg. Very interesting and peculiar is the antler conformation. Being a “maintenance ecotype”, i.e. a rustic animal adapted to relatively poor habitats, this animal invests less energy in building its antlers. The dry weight of antler bone produced by a fully grown adult (i.e. the dry weight of both antlers without the skull) in Sardinia represents on average only 1.1% of body weight compared with 1.6-2.7% in many European populations. In saving on bone tissue production Sardinian red deer builds a more simplified antler, generally with a three-tined structure. The most common points are the brow and the trez tines, while the bez tine and the terminal crown are quite rare. One of the most peculiar aspects of the Sardinian antlers is the infrequent occurrence of palmation, already documented in prehistoric times. In the rare antler collections from Corsica, crowns or bez tines have never been recorded. The first occurrence of red deer in Sardinia is documented from the Early Neolithic, about 8000 years ago, even if its remains become more common in Late Neolithic about 5000 years ago and in Bronze Age 4000 years ago, at the beginning of the Nuragic civilization. Its first occurrence in Corsica would seem to go back to the late Roman Empire period, about 1600 years ago, but it could be earlier. Red deer therefore arrived in Sardinia imported by people during a migratory wave that gradually brought agriculture from the eastern coasts (Anatolia) to the rest of the Mediterranean Sea. During roughly the same period humans also brought red deer to some Scottish islands and Ireland. Wherever they went, people made sure to have available not only domestic animals in captivity but also wild game. This is something we can observe still now in the Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos, where, when small human groups move by boat from one island to another, they often bring with them some calf or fawn of rusa deer, sambar or of similar species. Where did the red deer imported in Sardinia come from? When DNA analysis was still in its infancy, scholars found similarities between the DNA of Sardinian deer and that of Bulgarian animals, which could suggest an immigration of peoples of eastern origin taking with them deer from those lands. Today the genetic study techniques are much more sophisticated, also thanks to the possibility of analysing the ancient DNA found in subfossil and fossil bone remains and have allowed us to have a rather credible picture of the natural expansions and contractions of the red deer range in Europe

over the last 50,000 years and also of the direct role of humans in some colonisations. Studying the mitochondrial DNA, it was thus discovered that the red deer in Europe forms five different groupings, mitochondrial lineages or “haplogroups”, one of which includes the Tyrrhenian red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus, the Barbary red deer Cervus elaphus barbarus and a nucleus from the Italian peninsula that has long been extinct. Therefore, the most accredited hypothesis is that in Neolithic humans from mainland Italy transported local animals to Sardinia and North Africa during their migrations.

The history of the Tyrrhenian red deer is deeply linked to the various civilizations that have followed one another, including the Nuragic, Phoenician, Punic ones up to modern times. In the Nuragic period, during the Iron Age, several bronze artifacts, votive statuettes, represented the stag with the typical simplified antlers. Hunting has played an important role for millennia without endangering the deer. But by the second half of the 19th century, deforestation and direct persecution began to put at risk the subspecies. In Corsica hunting continued to be legal until 1948 and poaching and habitat loss led to complete extirpation in 1970. Although Italian law since 1939 classified this subspecies as strictly protected, the decline of Sardinian red deer continued to progress dramatically. In 1970 deer reached their minimum, with just three small nuclei in the south of the island, with a total of just 100 animals. But starting from the Seventies it was possible to reverse the course with a gradual recovery.

Two were the initial drivers of this change were the firm commitment of the Azienda Foreste Demaniali di Sardegna, then Ente Foreste della Sardegna, now FoReSTAS Agency, a regional forestry body, in capturing and breeding in semi-captivity many deer in various parts of the island, and the purchase by the Italian branch of WWF of the hunting estate of Monte Arcosu and its transformation into a sanctuary, then a Natural Reserve. Starting in 1985, 13 founders were translocated to Corsica and since 1998 deer have been reintroduced into the wild in various locations of the French island. From 2012 and 2019 Corsica and Sardinia jointly carried out the conservation project “One deer two islands”, which among other actions allowed to organize further reintroductions. In Sardinia the population size increased from 250 deer in 1980, to 1000 in 1990, 2500 in 2000, becoming at least 7000 in 2017 and possibly around 11,000 today (2022), and no longer in just three nuclei but in a dozen. In Corsica the number has grown from 250 deer in 2007 to 1400 in 2017. Today the Sardinian-Corsican Red Deer is still strictly protected, listed in Appendix II of the Bern Convention and included among the priority taxa in need of strict protection in the EU Habitats Directive. The Italian framework law 157/92 on fauna protection and hunting considers this subspecies as “particularly protected”. Unfortunately it continued to be victim of poaching and of fires. The reintroductions carried out in these thirty years have created relatively small nuclei in several parts of the island. Now the next commitment for authorities and wildlife managers is to favour a connection among the restored populations by means of protected corridors. Within the current protected areas, red deer reach rather high densities (even more than 25 per sqkm) and the individual home ranges estimated by means of radio-collars are decidedly not very large (on average just 1.9 sqkm for stags and 1.1 sqkm for hinds) in a research carried out by the University of Siena at Monte Arcosu, as if the poaching pressure just outside the natural reserve forced the animals to avoid dispersion and to concentrate within the limits of the protected area. The red deer is typically an intermediate or mixer feeder, with a tendency to consistently graze on grasses and forbs (graminoids and non-graminoids). But after its translocation to Sardinia from the Italian peninsula it was forced to change its diet: the Mediterranean scrubland and the holm and cork oak woodland with scarce clearings and pastures led the deer to become mainly a browser of leaves and shoots of Mediterranean plants, trying to avoid as much as possible species containing phenolic compounds, difficult to digest. Unfortunately many plant species of the maquis scrub (such as the mastic, the strawberry tree, the myrtle, the rock rose) contain aromatic substances.

The climate and the particular phenology of the island’s plants probably contributed to anticipating the mating and birth seasons and antler cycle by at least two to three weeks compared to the peninsula and a few days compared to southern Spain. The roaring peak and therefore the culmination of the rut is around 10 September and the peak of calving time is around the first days of May. The roars emitted by the Sardinian-Corsican red deer are peculiar sounds of lower frequency compared with those of the other subspecies, perhaps an adaptation to the densest vegetation, since low-pitched sounds spread through the vegetation better than high-pitched ones.

Comment on the biometric survey and CIC trophy evaluation

The biometric survey and qualitative evaluation work performed by Amosso and Berzieri on the trophies stored in the Sardinian Red Deer Museum in Sette Fratelli is extremely important and pioneering. Despite the survey being conducted on a small sample, it was possible to obtain a preliminary picture of the average trends and variability of antlers with whole skulls of a unique and rare subspecies of Western Red Deer, the so-called Tyrrhenian or Sardinian-Corsican Red deer, Cervus elaphus corsicanus. Unfortunately this subspecies, despite having seen its status significantly improve, remains a scarecely known taxon or form and any contribution to increase the current knowledge is highly desirable. The collected data is very interesting and overlaps with the one briefly summarized in the paper by Caboni, Murgia and Mattioli (2006) which analyzed both cast antlers and trophies with skull. From the mean values and the variability highlighted in the table, it is confirmed that for a frugal red deer like the Sardinian one, antlers represent structures on which to save, reducing their size and simplifying their architecture. Both the bez tine and the threepointed crown occur in 22% of the antlers of adults examined. In some case even key tines such as the brow and trez ones were absent. Unfortunately, almost all the trophies had the anterior part of the skull damaged or incomplete, but the applied measurements reveal a size variability of the skull not yet known in existing literature, practically limited to few specimens measured by the zoologist A. Toschi almost 60 years ago. It would be desirable to extend the same kind of detailed surveys by qualified experts as soon as possible to other collections in Sardinia. The proposal to promote to the CIC some kind of modification to the evaluation of the trophy of this small Sardinian-Corsican subspecies appear entirely appropriate for a peculiar form of Western Red Deer characterized by a considerably smaller size than all other subspecies. This same proposal could be extended to the Mesola Wood subspecies Cervus elaphus italicus of the north-eastern part of the Italian peninsula, only slightly larger than the Sardinian red deer. In conclusion, the work by Amosso and Berzieri represents a commendable step to a better understanding of the physical features of this subspecies though the morphometry of the trophies.

Table:

Mean values and variation of some traits of trophies of Sardinian red deer adults (> 4 years of age), measured by Amosso and Berzieri

Variables Mean Range N

Antler beam length (cm) 65.5 54-73.5 32

Brow tine length (cm) 16.5 5-24 30

Bez tine length (cm) 14.6 7.7-18.2 7

Trez tine length (cm) 16.2 8.5-27.2 30

Circumference of the burr (cm) 15.9 13.9-17.8 32

Lower circumference of the beam (cm) 10.5 8.3-14.1 32

Upper circumference of the beam (cm) 9.4 6-11.5 32

Inside span (cm) 53.4 38-65.5 16

Number of tines per antler 4.2 2-6 32

Gross antler weight (kg) 2.0 1.3-2.7 14

Copyright by the author

Main literature

Beccu E. (1989) Il Cervo sardo. Carlo Delfino Editore, Sassari, Italy

Caboni A., Murgia C., Mattioli S. (2006) Antler characteristics of the Sardinian red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus): a preliminary analysis. In: Bartoš L., Dušek A., Kotrba R., Bartošová-Víchová J. (eds.) Advances in deer biology. Deer in a changing world. Proceedings of the 6th Deer Biology Congress, Prague, Czechia

Carenti G., Grassi E., Masala S., Wilkens B. (2014) Human-deer interactions in Sardinia. In: Baker K., Madgwick R., Carden R. (cur.) Deer and People. Oxbow Books, Oxford Casula P., Murgia A. (2017) Selectivity and context dependence of Corsican red deer browsing in a Mediterranean coppice system. Hystrix 28: 157–164

Doan K., Zachos F.E.,Wilkens B., Vigne J.-D., Piotrowska N., Stanković A., Jędrzejewska B., Stefaniak K., Niedziałkowska M. (2017) Phylogeography of the Tyrrhenian red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus) resolved using ancient DNA of radiocarbon-dated subfossils. Scientific Reports 7(1): 2331 Kidjo N., Cargnelutti B., Charlton B.D., Wilson C., Reby D. (2008) Vocal behaviour in the endangered Corsican deer: description and phylogenetic implications. Bioacoustics 18: 159–181

Lovari S., Cuccus P., Murgia A., Murgia C., Soi F., Plantamura G. (2007) Space use, habitat selection and browsing effects of red deer in Sardinia. Italian Journal of Zoology 74: 179–189 Murgia A., Mandas L., Mondoloni S., Riga F. (2017) Current status, distribution and recovery plan of Cervus elaphus corsicanus. In: Bro E., Guillemain M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 33th International Union of Game Biologist Congress, Montpellier, France

Biography of the author

Stefano Mattioli is a zoologist specialist in Mammals (mammologist), Ph. Doctor in wildlife management, with a particular interest for the biology and management of Ungulates. He is author of about thirty scientific papers, of more than a hundred of popular articles and of two books in Italian on Ungulates. He is also co-author of a monograph on wild boar, two action plans for the protection of two Italian endangered subspecies of Cervids, and author or co-author of chapters on three books in English. He gave lectures at the Universities of Bologna, Parma and Siena and at the Forestry Institute in Warsaw (PL). Since 1982 he follows the red deer population of Mesola Wood, and in 2014 with other colleagues he has described for it a new subspecies (Cervus elaphus italicus). Since 1992 collaborates with the Research Unit of Behavioural Ecology, Ethology and Wildlife Management, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena. He has worked with the University of Siena in projects on the Italian roe deer subspecies in Gargano and Pollino National Parks and on the reintroduction of red deer in Cilento and Pollino National Park. He is a free-lance consultant for National, Regional and Provincial Administrations, hunting macro-districts, private hunting estates, Parks and Natural Reserves. He supervised in 1999 and 2009 habitat suitability analyses and management guide-lines for Ungulates for the Emilia-Romagna Region. He has worked as translator, author and scientific reviewer for a few Publishing Houses and scientific societies (Zanichelli, Smithsonian Institution-Lynx Edicions, Springer Nature, The Zoological Society of London). He is a referee for several international zoological journals. He was at Monte Arcosu Natural Reserve in Sardinia in 1990 to reorganize the deer census, and is co-author of a scientific paper on the antlers of Sardinian red deer in 2006. From 2017 he is a member of the Deer Specialist Group of IUCN.

Location of the last three surviving nuclei in 1978

Arburese ≈ 10 specimens Sulcis ≈ 130 specimens

courtesy of Project Life+ “Onedeertwoislands”

Sette Fratelli Castiadas ≈ 90 specimens

Reintroductions in 1990-2015 (location and release periods)

M. Olia (Monti) 2009

Pabarile (Santu Lussurgiu) 1994 -1998 - 2007

Barigadu (Neoneli) 2000’s

Fontanamela (Laconi) 2000’s Montimannu (Villacidro) 90’s

M. Arci (Usellus) 2005

courtesy of Project Life+ “Onedeertwoislands”

M. Lerno (Pattada) 2003 Silana (Urzulei) 2014 Rio Nuxi (Seui) 2015 Montarbu (Seui) 2009 Ulassai 2009 Villasalto 90’s

Estimated red deer population size in areas managed by FoReSTAS and WWF (count of roaring stags and extrapolation to the whole herd, with adult stags representing 20% of total individuals)

Gallura 520 deer

Monteacuto 405 deer

Oristanese 195 deer

Ogliastra 185 deer

Arburese + Iglesiente 770 deer

Oasi Monte Arcosu 1405 deer

Sulcis 715 deer

courtesy of Project Life+ “Onedeertwoislands”

Sarrabus 1160 deer

Estimated

population size in all the distribution

(alternative census methods indicated)

Monteacuto 405 deer

Oristanese 195 cervi

2009 Arburese (ISPRA)

Distance sampling ≈ 2700 deer Iglesiente 300 deer

2012 SIC “Monte Arcosu” (CA)

- Distance sampling ≈ 4464 deer

- Fecal Pellet Group Count ≈ 4185 deer

courtesy of Project Life+ “Onedeertwoislands”

range

Gallura 520 deer

Ogliastra 185 deer

2007 Sud Sarrabus (Forestas)

- Roaring census ≈ 2145 deer

NATIONAL COMMISSION ABIF CA 22-01 Sardinian Red Deer Museum, Settefratelli

TECHNICAL REPORT by Senior Evaluation Judges NICOLO’ AMOSSO, ENZO BERZIERI

On 12 September 2022 the qualified ABIF CA 22-01 Commission composed of Senior International Trophy Judges Nicolò Amosso and Enzo Berzieri of the Italian Delegation of the CIC and of the Italian Biometric Faunal Academy went to the Sardinian Red Deer Museum in Settefratelli (Arburese area, SE Sardinia), welcomed by Dr Cecilia Fassò of the Biodiversity Office of the FoReSTAS Agency, Cagliari Territorial Service and by Giorgio Deiana of the Sardinian Red Deer Museum. This was the conclusion of a process started in 2018 and suspended due to the Covid emergency.

General remarks

The measured trophies appear extremely homogeneous in shape and size, with few exceptions. The catalogue number recorded respects the original one; if absent, we created one consisting of the year and a progressive number reported on the palate of the skull. All the trophies belong to the Museum and come from the Settefratelli Forest. Only in a few cases it was possible to have more precise information on the locality and year of collection or of the collector. All measurements were performed according to the CIC Trophy Evaluation System, including the additional ones normally required only for trophies of higher value. This was for the purpose of implementing the biometric information about the subspecies. The trophy weight is really modest, with few of the 17 examined exceeding 2 kg.

Therefore, the deduction of 0.7 kg from the gross trophy weight (the antler pair plus the whole skull) provided by CIC and applied obtorto collo by the Commission, is to be considered deeply penalizing. Consequently, the Academy will bring into discussion in the next Trophy Evaluation Boards the proposal to reduce the weight deduction or to lower the thresholds for the medal classes to obtain a final score more suited to this subspecies. In the summary table, for greater clarity, the gross trophy weight has been reported. In the very few cases where it was impossible to record it, the cell for weight was highlighted with XXX.

Fig.1

The typical trophy of a Sardinian red deer stag has a total of four tine, the brow tine, the trez tine and the terminal fork. The bez tine is generally missing or rudimentary, with rare exceptions. The brow tines are mostly positioned high on the burr, so the measurement was taken starting from the point they detach from the shaft, as expected in these cases. Crowns are rare, and when present tend to have a shape closer to a palmation than to a cup. This feature is very evident in one of the most interesting trophies we measured, also reported in the book “Il Cervo Sardo” (“The Sardinian Red Deer”) by Enea Beccu published in 1989. The inside spread and the greatest spread of the antlers, perhaps conditioned by the dense Mediterranean maquis scrub, are more modest than in a typical trophy of the European red deer.

The colour is always dark brown with white areas due to direct clashes during fights and to fraying in the vegetation. Pearling is very modest and the tine ends are almost always sharp, rarely ivory in colour, and breakages are infrequent, perhaps due to less aggression during combats. Only in one case the trophy had a deduction for the asymmetry of the trez tines on the antler beam, while all the other ones retain a typical symmetrical shape. For each trophy the final CIC score was calculated, which appears completely unreliable due to the unfortunate deduction for the whole skull weight.

Additional information

On all 17 trophies we recorded also the greatest length and the width of the skull, which are quite uniform. Unfortunately some of the skulls were not complete, due to the lack or the rupture of the pre-maxillary bones, the most anterior part of the skull, making the measure useless. We also recorded the condylo-basal length of the skull, measured according to the “Guida al rilevamento biometrico degli Ungulati” (“Handbook of the biometric survey of Ungulates”), by Stefano Mattioli e Anna Maria De Marinis. The skulls fortunately intact are identifiable by an asterisk.

On the evening of our arrival at Settefratelli, thanks to Dr Stefania Contini, our naturalistic guide, we were able to hear the roars of rutting stags from the Nuraghe Sa Fraigada, in a little valley covered by maquis scrub in the middle of the forest. The roars were different from those produced by the European red deer, a subdued series of 5-6 vocalizations more reminiscent of the grunts of the fallow deer bucks during the mating period.

Conclusion

The declared aim of the FoReSTAS Agency and certainly of the Sardinian people is to implement the wood cover of the island in a relatively short time, creating an environment more suitable to the Sardinian Red Deer, as it was until the beginning of the 20th century. If this were not just a dream but proved to be a reality, this subspecies, whose decline has occurred in parallel to the deforestation, could be subject to careful management. This would also assure a constant availability of trophies to be measured, allowing for a better survey than the one we could carry out in this first Commission. Sincere thanks to FoReSTAS from the CIC Delegation for having lovingly collected and preserved the trophies in the Museum in order to allow this first recognition of the Sardinian subspecies according to the modern CIC system of trophy measurement and evaluation.

MEASUREMENTS SHEETS

according to the Trophy Evaluation System

pienokg Condilo basale evisceratokg cm 29,6

pienokg Condilo basale evisceratokg cm 29,9 35,6*

CERVO EUROPEO

pienokg Condilo basale evisceratokg cm 29,9

pienokg Condilo basale evisceratokg cm 29,9 32.3

pienokg Condilo basale evisceratokg cm 29,9 34,4*

29,630.1

Number of catalogue

Owner

Locality 4 Date (dd/mm/yy) 5 Antler beam length left

Antler beam length right

Brow tine length left

Brow tine length right

Trez tine length left 10 Trez tine length right 11 Circumference of the burr left 12 Circumference of the burr right

Lower beam circumference left 14 Lower beam circumference right

Upper beam circumference left 16 Upper beam circumference right

Number of tines, left beam

Number of tines, right beam

Gross trophy weight

Inside spread

Nr of long crown tines > 15 cm 22 Nr medium crown tines > 10 cm

Nr short crown tines ≥ 2 cm 24 Bez tine length left

Bez tine length right 26 Score for the colour

Score for pearling

Score for the tips of tines

Deductions

CIC score

Greatest length of the skull (cm)

Greatest width of the skull (cm)

Greatest spread

Tip to tip spread

Condylo-basal length (cm) (* intact pre-maxillary bones)

Summary Table of all the biometric data

progr N° cat. propiet. local. data L.S. sx L.S. des L.Oc. sx L.Oc. des L.M. sx L.M. des C.Ros. sx C.R. des H1 sx H1 des H2 sx H2 des N° P sx N° P des peso ril.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1 175 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 51,3 51 0 0 9 11,2 12,7 13,9 8,9 8,9 6,7 6,7 2 2 1,2

2 71 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 69 67,9 20 17,8 21 19 16 15 10,4 10,9 10,5 10,5 5 4 xxx

3 179 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 65 64,5 24 21 19,2 15,5 16,4 16,2 11 10,7 9,9 9,9 4 4 1,9

4 241 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 60,2 67 13,5 15,5 27,2 19,9 17 17,5 11,6 10 10,5 11,1 5 5 2,6

5 2204 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 69 62,5 22 21,6 17,2 13,5 16,8 16,6 11 11,3 9,2 9,5 4 4 2,1

6 2201 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 66,7 63 15,8 15 12,9 10,6 15,9 15,4 10 9,9 8,8 8,8 4 4 1,68

7 2205 m settef. Buddui 12/9/22 51,5 56.2 18,6 18 12,4 9,3 15,5 15,4 10,6 10,3 8,5 8,5 3 4 1,48

8 2206 m settef. Garau P. 20/12/89 70 67 10,4 18,8 17,8 18 15,5 16,1 10,4 10,1 9,2 9,4 4 4 2,1

9 31 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 66 66,5 18,9 14,1 13,5 17 16,5 16,5 10 9,5 9,9 9,4 5 5 xxx

10 2203 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 68,7 69,4 18,5 14,4 18,2 18 16,5 16,2 10 10,8 9,3 9,4 5 5 2,66

11 101 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 67 66 18,3 14,9 17,6 18 17,8 17,1 11,7 11,4 10,1 10,4 5 5 2,45

12 2207 m settef. Bidda Mores 12/9/22 63 63,5 5 20,7 15 13,6 16,3 16,7 9,5 9,7 9,7 8,9 4 4 1,9

13 2202 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 73,5 71 15,2 16,7 18,2 18,6 15 14,9 14,1 12,3 11,1 10,8 6 5 2,18

14 262 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 54 57,5 13 6,3 16,4 15,3 14,6 14,5 9,5 9,3 8,2 8,5 4 4 1,48

15 252 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 66,8 61,5 0 0 13,5 8,5 14 13,9 9,2 8,3 6,8 6 2 2 1,32

16 82 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 69,3 63 17,5 13 0 0 14,9 15,2 10,6 10,8 10,6 10,8 4 3 2,2

17 245 m settef. settefrat. 12/9/22 68,7 72 17,3 18,3 16,2 13,7 15,8 15,8 10,4 10,4 9,2 8,4 5 4 2,1

peso ril. divaric. N° L cor. N° M cor N° C cor ago sx ago des colore perlatura apici Pun detraz. CIC punt. Lu cran. La cran. max div. tip to tip età L C_B 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

1,2 40 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 82,6 32,9 14,3 43,5 35 3 32,0* xxx 62 2 2 1 0 0 1,5 1 1 0 xxx 32 15 66 52 6 30,5 1,9 65,5 0 0 4 0 0 1,5 1 1,5 0 117,54 35,5 15 66 62,5 10 34,0* 2,6 58 2 2 0 18,2 17,9 1 1 1,5 0 124,06 37,4 16,5 59,5 54 10 35,7* 2,1 49 3 1 0 0 0 0,5 0,5 1,5 0 115,16 37,6 15,9 50 44,6 15 35,6* 1,68 52 2 0 2 0 0 1 0,5 1 0 107,82 32,3 14,3 58,8 30,5 8 30,4* 1,48 52 0 1 2 0 0 1,5 1 1,5 0 103,12 31,6 14,5 51,4 41,8 8 29,9 2,1 57 4 0 0 0 0 0 0,5 1,5 0 113,08 33,5 16 61 54 10 32,3 xxx 60 0 2 4 0 0 1 1 1 0 xxx 36,4 15 70 69,5 9 38,8* 2,66 56 0 3 1 18 17,3 1,5 1 2 0 122,43 37,8 16,5 57 49,7 8 35,6* 2,45 56 4 0 0 3 8,2 1,5 1,5 2 0 124,9 37,1 15,7 60 50 8 34,4* 1,9 52 2 0 2 0 0 2 0,5 1 0 109,61 33,2 15,2 63 58,5 7 30,7 2,18 49,5 4 1 1 7,7 0 1 1,5 1,5 0 130,92 32,1 14,6 57 26,5 7 29,6 1,48 52,4 0 0 2 0 0 1,5 1 1,5 0 100,86 32,9 14,6 55 52,8 6 30,1 1,32 44 0 0 2 0 0 1 0,5 1,5 0 88,32 32,4 14,4 48 26,8 15 30 2,2 38 4 1 0 0 0 1,5 0,5 1,5 0,5 111,74 33,6 15,8 44 25,2 6 32 2,1 51 2 2 1 0 0 1,5 0,5 1,5 0 117,86 35,5 15,6 57 36,8 6 32,4*

Nicolò Amosso, from Biella, entrepreneur in the engineering sector, fond of mountains sports like hiking and skiing, sensitive to environmental issues and interested in wild animals.

In 2002 he took part in the first CIC course in Italy, in Bologna, obtaining the qualification of measurer of the CIC Commission of Exhibitions and Trophies. In 2014 he became CIC Certified Measurer (CCM) after a course held in Vienna. Member of the Board of Directors of the Italian Biometric Faunal Academy (ABIF) since its foundation in 2016, on the proposal of the Italian Delegation acquired the qualification of Senior International Trophy Judge (STJ) from the CIC of Budapest and since the same year has been a CIC teacher in CCM courses.

He has participated as a tutor in the National Commissions, since 2016 in all the Trophy Evaluation Boards of the CIC and in numerous International Commissions in Italy and Hungary. CIC Expert since 2021. He is Head of Italian Delegation of CIC and Vice President of ABIF since 2019.

Enzo Berzieri, born in Parma, company manager until his retirement, writes on hunting topics and collaborates with several hunting magazines.

In 1997 he attended a CIC course at the Mendel University in University in Brno (CZ) held by Professor Josef Hromas. In 2002 he organized the first Italian CIC course in Bologna, with Veljko Varićak and Michel Nolens as teachers, to train measurers from many regions, which will prove to be the founding nucleus of Italian CIC trophy evaluation. In 2014 he attained the qualification of CIC Certified Measurer (CCM) in Vienna. Founder with Giovanni Persona and Bruno Vigna of the Italian Biometric Faunal Academy, in 2016 he was proposed as Senior Trophy Judge (STJ). Since the same year he participated in all the Trophy Evaluation Boards and in numerous International Commissions in Hungary and Italy. Since 2017 he has been part of the operational group of CIC courses held in Italy. CIC Expert since 2021. He is currently an elected member of the Board of Directors and is part of the ABIF Presidency Office.