EXPLORING THE SWEET PEPPER SPECTRUM
DIVA
• Harvestable at green and yellow stages
• Uniform, high-quality blocky fruit
• Sets fruit well under diverse environmental conditions
• High resistance to Tobamo viruses (Tm:0-2)
• Intermediate resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV:0)
YELLOW DIAMOND*
• Ideal for indoor production
• Harvestable at green and yellow stages
• Uniform, high-quality blocky fruit
• Sets fruit well under diverse environmental conditions
• High resistance to Tobamo viruses (Tm:0-3)
• Intermediate resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV:0)
ZIA*
• Harvestable at green and yellow stages
• Uniform, high-quality blocky fruit
• Consistent fruit set under various environmental conditions
• Maintains shape and size throughout the growing cycle
• High resistance to Tobamo viruses (Tm:0-3)
• Intermediate resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV:0)
PFEIFFER
• Harvestable at green and red stages
• Strong plant with good leaf cover
• Uniform, high-quality blocky fruit with thick walls
• Resistance to powdery mildew
• High resistance to Tobamo virus (Tm:0) and Bacterial Leaf Spot (Xcv:0-3,7,8)
• Intermediate resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV:0), Powdery Mildew (Lt), and Phytophthora capsici (Pc)
HOKKAIDO*
• Harvestable at green and red stages
• Uniform blocky fruit with excellent quality
• Continuous fruit set ideal for indoor production
• Adaptable to various environmental conditions
• High resistance to Tobamo viruses (Tm:0-3) and Potato Virus Y (PVY:0,1,1.2)
• Intermediate resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV:0), Nematodes (N) and Powdery Mildew (Lt)
MASAMI*
• Harvestable at green and red stages
• Uniform, high-quality, pre-pack fruit
• Continuous fruit set, ideal for indoor production
• Exceptional disease resistance
• High resistance to Tobamo viruses (Tm:0-3) and Potato Virus Y (PVY:0,1,1.2)
• Intermediate resistance to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV:0), Nematodes (N) and Powdery Mildew (Lt)
Edition 226 ISSN 1015-85 37
www.vegetablesandfruitmagazine.co.za
COVER
South Africa is known for its pear production, with key varieties including Packham's Triumph, Forelle, and Williams Bon Chretien.
EDITORIAL
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NEWS
4 Citrus sector supports momentum for change in SA logistics
4 Vergelegen Estate White 2023 wins on world stage
5 SA growers join forces to boost grapefruit demand in Europe
6 Agricultural sector reaffirms commitment to sustainable crop protection
7 Big changes ahead for plant and animal biosecurity in SA
DECIDUOUS FRUIT
08 Understanding lenticel breakdown in apples
9 Dutch research insights into postharvest disease management
10 SA apples and pears gain traction in China
12 Enhancing apple storage quality with plant growth regulators
14 Geïntegreerde plaagbestuur: ‘n toekomsgerigte benadering tot volhoubare landbou
GENERAL
16 New plant breeders’ rights act brings SA in line
16 Connecting fresh produce professionals across Southern Africa
17 From tractor tweets to crop status updates: how technology is cultivating the future
18 Africa’s agrifood systems face rising risk
20 Groot potensiaal met nuwe lietsjiekultivars
22 Kundige plantvoeding en grondbestuur
24 The journey of small white beans and heritage day celebrations
26 Eight is the magic number at Mardouw Olive Estate
28 Understanding tomato spotted wilt and its management in peppers
30 Oudewerfskloof Olive Farm celebrates passion and the power of community
Citrus sector supports momentum for change in SA logistics
The citrus industry has welcomed the South African government’s authorisation of a R51 billion guarantee facility for Transnet, viewing it as a significant step towards stabilising and reforming the country’s struggling logistics infrastructure.
The Citrus Growers’ Association of Southern Africa (CGA) expressed cautious optimism that recent developments signal a shift in mindset regarding the functioning of South Africa’s logistics system. The facility aims to assist in Transnet’s recovery, with the state-owned enterprise emphasising that strong collaboration with customers and industry stakeholders will be essential.
As the citrus season reaches its critical export weeks, early movement of fruit to markets has begun. According to the CGA, preparations by Transnet Port Terminals (TPT) over the past few months have been appreciated. These include the hiring of 256 additional fixed-term staff, maintenance of reefer (refrigerated container) plug points, and the acquisition of 100 new equipment items to streamline operations.
“There are challenges on the horizon, but if all goes well, Southern Africa is expected to export approximately 171,3 million 15 kg cartons of citrus this season,” said Boitshoko Ntshabele, CEO of the CGA. “Efficient logistics are essential to the profitability of our industry. The season has started smoothly, but the true test will be in the peak weeks ahead.”
While these improvements are seen as progress, the CGA maintains that lasting efficiency and cost reduction will only be realised through large-scale Public Sector Partnerships (PSPs)
in both the port and rail sectors. Although recent announcements suggest a move in the right direction, the industry is still awaiting the tangible benefits of fully operational partnerships.
“The recent progress in opening up the rail network to private players is encouraging,” Ntshabele stated. “Accelerating this process and ensuring attractive opportunities for the private sector will unlock substantial growth potential for citrus, especially considering that only 10% of our produce currently moves to port by rail.”
However, the CGA noted with concern that one of the most anticipated PSPs - the upgrade and management of Durban Container Terminal Pier 2 - remains delayed due to ongoing legal proceedings. The project was expected to be a transformative development for the citrus industry.
Looking ahead, the CGA reiterated its commitment to supporting Transnet’s efforts to engage with the private sector in meaningful ways.
“If the current momentum is maintained, the citrus industry is confident that it can meet its goal of creating 100 000 jobs by 2032,” Ntshabele added. “The sector stands ready to play its part, provided logistics infrastructure continues to improve through strategic partnerships.”
VergelegenEstateWhite2023winsonworldstage
Vergelegen’s Estate White 2023, renowned for its intense aromatics and flinty core, has won the trophy for the best South African white wine in the International Wine Challenge.
This competition is widely regarded as the wine world’s most influential, impartial and rigorously judged global event.
The Estate White is sourced from the Somerset West estate’s cooler, south-east-facing vineyards overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. Elegant and refined with mineral overtones, it is dominated by notes of lemon, crushed rosemary, and fresh apple. This outstanding wine has already been awarded 95 points by leading wine and lifestyle publication Decanter, 94 points by British wine master Tim Atkin, and 96 points by local publication Winemag.co.za
South African wine estates have brought home 23 gold IWC medals this year, up from 15 gold medals in 2024. South Africa has also been ranked seventh among 15 top
wine-producing countries in 2025, based on medals won.
France remains the number one wine-producing country, but the latest IWC results have sent shockwaves through the industry, as bold “new world” wines from South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand challenge the long-standing dominance of the “old world”.
IWC owner Chris Ashton says: “When you put wines from over 35 countries head to head and get them blind tasted by nearly 250 of the world’s best palates, the results can be truly eye-opening.”
Vergelegen MD Wayne Coetzer says: “We are extremely proud that our Estate White has won an IWC trophy, one of the highest honours in the global wine industry. This accolade is a powerful testament to the passion, knowledge, and relentless pursuit of excellence by our entire team, from vineyard to cellar. “I extend my heartfelt congratulations and gratitude to our viticulturists, winemakers, and support staff.”
SA growers join forces to boost grapefruit demand in Europe
A coalition of South African citrus growers is working together this summer to promote a grapefruit variety in European markets. A dedicated committee of Star Ruby growers plans to reinvent the fruit’s image and drive new growth in the category.
The group is part of the Citrus Growers’ Association (CGA) of Southern Africa and contributes voluntarily to a collaborative marketing budget. This has led to the creation of a new brand, SummerStar Ruby Grapefruit, with a unified message designed to elevate the commodity, shift consumer perceptions, and ultimately increase demand across Europe.
According to ITC Trade Map, grapefruit exports to the European Union grew by only 10% over the past decade.
“The CGA’s Grapefruit Variety Focus Group recognised the urgent need to change how grapefruit is viewed. They’ve historically been seen as bitter and old-fashioned. But SummerStar Rubies are sweet, tangy, and versatile, and they will elevate food and cocktail menus if given the opportunity,” says Barry Landman, chairman of the group.
The growers realised that shifting perceptions would require a substantial marketing effort, and collaboration was key. Instead of promoting individual brands, they agreed to pool their efforts to uplift the entire grapefruit category.
“By working together, we are building a stronger future for the industry,” says Landman. “South Africa is one of the major suppliers of Star Ruby Grapefruits globally, which presents huge growth potential. It made good business sense to rebrand and position it as a healthy and affordable summer fruit, capitalising on the warm European months when consumers are looking for fresh and easy foods. Elevating the category in this way will have far-reaching implications because it will lead to export growth and job creation, benefiting the broader South African economy.”
Targeting an established market
Europe was chosen as the target market for this campaign due to long-standing trade relations with South Africa and a consistent track record of demand for citrus fruit. It also offers a reliable network of buyers and well-established supply chains, making it a natural launchpad for market expansion and grapefruit brand building.
Nicci Stewart, SummerStar Ruby campaign manager, explains that they’re not introducing a brand-new product to
an unfamiliar market.
“Many European consumers already know and appreciate SummerStar Ruby Grapefruits for their vibrant colour, sweetness, and quality. Our focus is on winning over consumers who only associate grapefruit with bitterness or with something eaten when they’re feeling sick or visiting their grandparents.”
The campaign is taking place during European summer and focuses on showcasing the fruit as a refreshing and versatile addition to cocktails, salads, and beach picnics. Since SummerStar Rubies are grown and exported during South African winter, they have the perfect seasonal advantage.
Stewart explains the shift from being seen as a winter health food to becoming an essential menu ingredient, hence the name change.
“SummerStar Rubies are already known for their numerous health benefits. But they’re delicious too, and the gorgeous colour adds vibrancy to any dish or cocktail. We’re positioning it as part of a summer lifestyle, rather than something you only eat when you have the flu,” says Stewart.
A sustainable, premium, yet fruit
Germany was chosen to launch the campaign due to its openness to new categories and strong demand for healthforward, sustainably produced foods. Germans value sustainability, quality, and ethical production, but they also expect affordability. SummerStar Ruby Grapefruits will primarily be promoted in Germany during the summer of 2025, expanding to other European markets in 2026.
“SummerStar Rubies tick all of these boxes. They are produced in world-class growing conditions in South Africa, meet strict EU import standards, and thanks to advanced cold-chain technology, they arrive fresh and flavourful,” says Landman.
“This is just the beginning of grapefruit’s reinvention. This marketing initiative is vital to the industry’s long-term success, and thanks to the efforts of this group of growers, SummerStar Ruby Grapefruits are about to have their day in the sun.”
Agricultural sector reaffirms commitment to sustainable crop protection
Sustainability remains a cornerstone of South Africa’s agricultural sector, underpinning the long-term viability of farming and food production. Industry leaders continue to reinforce their commitment to environmental stewardship, responsible crop protection, and compliance with evolving regulatory frameworks.
The production of safe, nutritious, and affordable food depends on farming practices that preserve natural resources and uphold social responsibility. Soil health, water conservation, and ecosystem protection are essential components of environmental sustainability. At the same time, agricultural operations must foster respectful and responsible relationships with farm workers and surrounding communities.
Crop protection is a critical part of sustainable farming. Responsible use of agricultural remedies helps protect crops from pests and diseases, reduces competition from weeds, and supports plant growth. These products, when used correctly and in accordance with label instructions and legislation, enable farmers to meet food security goals without compromising human or environmental health.
Agricultural remedies in South Africa are regulated under the Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act (Act No. 36 of 1947). The latest updates to this legislation were introduced in 2023, strengthening oversight and guidance on their use. In addition, farmers must comply with other regulations, such as the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Act 85 of 1993) and the 2021 Regulations for Hazardous Chemical Agents. These legal frameworks govern the safe handling, storage, transport, and application of agrochemicals and require the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
The industry also supports integrated pest management (IPM), a balanced approach that combines biological, cultural,
and chemical tools. IPM strategies are designed to minimise environmental impact while maximising crop health and yield. There is no universal solution; instead, responsible crop protection requires a strategic, site-specific approach.
South Africa’s agricultural context is unique, with local climatic conditions, crop types, and pest pressures often differing significantly from those in other countries. As such, the sector may require products and solutions not commonly used elsewhere. Nonetheless, South African producers are held to international standards, with regulatory alignment on many fronts, including emergency registrations and derogations, similar to those in the European Union.
Industry bodies have welcomed continued public engagement on matters of food safety and sustainability, but stress that such discussions should be informed by accurate information and regulatory context. Ensuring compliance with legal requirements and best practices is a shared responsibility across the value chain, from researchers to farmworkers.
The sector remains committed to transparency, collaboration, and building public trust. Its aim is to ensure that South Africa’s food systems are resilient, responsible, and globally competitive.
Food safety and security remain priorities in every household. The agricultural sector continues to commit itself to continuous improvement, environmental stewardship, and sustainable food production for future generations.
Big changes ahead for plant and animal biosecurity in SA
Major changes are expected in South Africa’s approach to plant and animal disease management, including foot-and-mouth disease. These changes could involve new biosecurity legislation, criminal prosecution for those flouting regulations, the introduction of a traceability system, and closer collaboration among government, industry, academia, and civil society.
University of Pretoria
These proposals were made by Agriculture Minister John Steenhuisen at the National Biosecurity Summit held at the University of Pretoria (UP). The summit followed outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, and Mpumalanga, which agricultural economists warn could harm the economy unless proactive, long-term solutions are implemented.
The event aimed to develop a new five-year national biosecurity strategy under the theme “Collaborative actions for food security and trade.” “Robust biosecurity must be practised at all times, not just during a disease outbreak,” said UP ViceChancellor Professor Francis Petersen.
The summit’s high-profile speakers included representatives from industry, academia, and government, hosted by the National Security Hub, a research partnership between UP, the department of agriculture, and the department of science, technology, and innovation. They included the leadership of the Agricultural Research Council, Grain SA, Red Meat Industry Services, the Citrus Growers’ Association, and UP.
More agile biosecurity legislation and enforcement “Biosecurity is not just about defending against risk but also enabling growth,” said Minister Steenhuisen. Strengthening South Africa’s biosecurity culture, he added, would open doors to new markets, safeguard jobs, and boost investor confidence. He proposed introducing more agile legislation, including a dedicated biosecurity act with an offence code, and working with the National Prosecuting Authority, Department of Justice, and the South African Police Service to enforce laws and regulations.
Minister Steenhuisen also highlighted the lax enforcement of biosecurity protocols and noted that a recent animal auction in KwaZulu-Natal had contributed to the spread of foot-andmouth disease. “We will pursue criminal charges against those responsible,” he said. The introduction of a traceability system to monitor animal movements, from “farm to ship,” was also discussed, as international markets demand traceability.
Minister Steenhuisen cited an Australian study showing that for every Australian dollar invested in biosecurity, the return to agriculture amounted to AU$30. Dr Andrew Robinson of the centre of excellence for biosecurity risk analysis, University of Melbourne, delivered the keynote address, emphasising that biosecurity had proven financially beneficial to Australian agricultural exporters.
Locally, Wandile Sihlobo, chief economist of the Agricultural Business Chamber of South Africa, stressed that biosecurity is the “bedrock” of South Africa’s agricultural industry, which generates R250 billion annually from exports. He warned that any disruption to exports could jeopardise 1,3 million jobs in the sector.
Sihlobo cautioned that increasing domestic consumption would not offset a drop in exports, particularly of high-end products like wine, grapes, and red meat. “Non-tariff barriers will increase, and consistently negative news about outbreaks will make trade more difficult,” he said.
He also highlighted the importance of plant health, noting that it often receives less media attention than animal health. “Plant health is a risk area that needs more focus,” he said.
Other biosecurity challenges
The summit also addressed challenges such as antimicrobial resistance, the weed problem in crop production, and the shortage of veterinary professionals, especially in rural areas. Minister Steenhuisen pointed out that there are 400 vets in South Africa, with only 70 in the public sector.
Professor Vinny Naidoo, dean of the faculty of veterinary science at UP, noted that the university graduates the largest number of veterinary students in the country, with 170 graduates in 2024. However, many vets are leaving the country. “We need to create opportunities for students in the agricultural value chain, including involving them in vaccine development,” he said, emphasising the need for stronger partnerships with industry.
Agriculture Minister John Steenhuisen and UP Vice-Chancellor Professor Francis Petersen.
Understanding lenticel breakdown in apples
Lenticel breakdown is a common postharvest disorder in apples that significantly affects fruit quality, leading to reduced marketability and economic losses. This disorder manifests as darkened pits around the lenticels, small pores on the apple’s skin responsible for gas exchange.
While the symptoms are not visible at harvest, they become apparent after storage, making it critical for apple producers to manage the conditions that contribute to their development.
At the recent Hortgro post-harvest symposium, Dr Carolina A. Torres, an associate professor in the department of horticulture at Washington State University, spoke to producers about her research on lenticel breakdown (LB). Dr Torres has researched and shared valuable insights on the factors that influence lenticel breakdown in apples. Her work focuses on identifying pre- and postharvest conditions that lead to this disorder, providing practical strategies for producers to reduce its occurrence.
Pre-harvest factors
Several pre-harvest factors can predispose apples to lenticel breakdown:
• Environmental stress: High temperatures, particularly during fruit development, can cause microcracks in the apple’s skin, especially when day and night temperature fluctuations exceed 10 °C. These stress factors weaken the fruit’s cuticle, making it more vulnerable to lenticel breakdown.
• Fruit maturity: Apples harvested too early or too late in their development stage are more susceptible to lenticel breakdown. Overripe fruit often shows a higher incidence of LB, highlighting the importance of careful harvest timing.
• Mineral imbalances: A lack of essential minerals, particularly calcium, can weaken the skin of the apple. Proper nutrient management is key to maintaining skin integrity and minimising the risk of LB.
Post-harvest factors
While pre-harvest conditions set the stage, postharvest handling and storage conditions play a major role in the development of lenticel breakdown:
• Storage duration and conditions: Prolonged storage, especially under improper temperature or humidity conditions, can worsen lenticel breakdown. Keeping apples in an environment with controlled temperature and humidity is crucial to prevent LB.
• Packing and handling: Rough handling and pressure during packing can cause mechanical damage to the fruit, making it more prone to lenticel breakdown. Gentle packing and careful handling should be a priority to reduce the occurrence of this disorder.
• Calcium treatments: While calcium applications are used to improve fruit firmness, excessive use can actually promote lenticel breakdown. Producers should calibrate calcium treatments to optimise fruit quality and minimise the risk of LB.
Strategies to prevent breakdown
South African apple producers can adopt several practical strategies to manage and reduce lenticel breakdown:
• Pre-harvest management: Managing irrigation practices to alleviate stress during hot periods and ensuring balanced nutrient levels can improve fruit skin resilience. Regular monitoring of these factors is essential to maintain fruit quality.
• Harvest timing: Ensuring that apples are harvested at the correct maturity stage is one of the most effective ways to prevent lenticel breakdown. Harvesting apples at their peak quality prevents overripe fruit and maintains the structural integrity of the skin.
• Postharvest care: Gentle handling during packing, controlled storage conditions, and careful calibration of calcium treatments can significantly reduce the occurrence of lenticel breakdown. Producers should focus on minimising mechanical damage and maintaining an optimal storage environment.
Lenticel breakdown is a challenging disorder that can affect apple quality and marketability, but with the right management strategies, it is possible to reduce its impact. By understanding both pre- and postharvest factors, South African apple producers can take proactive steps to minimise the occurrence of LB, improve fruit quality, and enhance their marketability.
Dr Torres’ research provides valuable insights that can help producers around the world, including South Africa, optimise their practices and ensure that apples are harvested and handled in ways that preserve their quality and market value.
Dutch research insights into postharvest disease management
Dutch research and practical experience are driving fresh thinking in the control of postharvest diseases in pome fruit. Speaking at a recent industry event, Dr Marcel Wenneker, a senior researcher from Wageningen University & Research (WUR), shared key innovations and insights from ongoing trials at Randwijk Experimental Station, where both fundamental and applied horticultural research is carried out on apples, pears, and related crops.
The Randwijk Experimental Station spans approximately 50 hectares of pome fruit orchards, half of which is allocated for applied research. The facility houses dedicated teams specialising in plant pathology, entomology, postharvest technology, plant breeding, and agroeconomics. At the core of its work lies a commitment to sustainable production systems that balance productivity, fruit quality, and environmental stewardship.
One of the major challenges facing both the Dutch and international fruit sectors is the increasing pressure to reduce chemical inputs. In response, researchers are pioneering innovations in orchard systems and postharvest handling to maintain high-quality yields with fewer synthetic fungicides.
“We must adapt,” said Wenneker. “Postharvest losses due to disease are significant, but the tools available to growers are being limited by evolving legislation.”
Wenneker highlighted several innovations that improve pre- and postharvest performance. Precision spraying, for example, enables targeted applications of fungicides or biocontrol agents only where needed, at the leaf or fruit level, using sensors and variable-rate nozzles. This technology not only reduces chemical usage and spray drift, but also minimises labour and fuel costs.
A multi-row sprayer developed in collaboration with industry partners was also discussed. By allowing growers to treat three rows simultaneously, it reduces treatment time from over an hour per hectare to less than 20 minutes. “Spraying smarter, not harder, is essential if we want to meet future sustainability goals,” Wenneker stated.
Water management is another focus area. In regions like the Netherlands, where drought risk is growing, regulated deficit irrigation is being explored as a means to reduce water usage while still maintaining commercial yields. Trials have demonstrated that yields of 50 tons per hectare for apples and 70 tons per hectare for pears are achievable even under regulated stress.
Another promising innovation is the installation of retractable-roof systems. These greenhouse-style covers can be closed within minutes in response to rainfall, reducing the incidence of scab and fruit tree canker. However, Wenneker cautioned that while this system mitigates some diseases, it may increase others, such as powdery mildew, due to the drier microclimate it creates. “Each innovation brings benefits but also tradeoffs,” he explained.
When it comes to postharvest disease management, challenges are even greater. Key pathogens affecting Dutch pome fruit in storage include Botrytis, Penicillium, Neofabraea, Fusarium, and Cadophora luteoolivacea. These pathogens often lie dormant until postharvest conditions trigger decay.
Among the most concerning is Cadophora luteoolivacea, a fungus that has become a significant problem in pear storage, capable of destroying up to 80% of fruit in affected lots.
“At first, growers kept quiet about it,” Wenneker recalled. “But it soon became clear we needed an effective response.” Currently, the fungus is controlled using postharvest drenches of pyrimethanil. However, the efficacy of this strategy is entirely dependent on continued regulatory approval.
These issues are not unique to the Netherlands. Growers in South Africa, for example, face similar constraints with limited access to fungicides and increasing pressure from international buyers to reduce residues. Many rely almost exclusively on fludioxonil and pyrimethanil, a narrow chemical toolbox that raises concerns about resistance management.
Wenneker warned that European regulations are becoming more stringent. Various products are either under review or have faced renewal with strict limitations. “A certain product's label now requires growers to reduce their dosage by 60% and apply it with precision sprayers, equipment many growers still lack,” he said.
In search of alternatives, WUR researchers are also evaluating biologicals and green chemistry solutions. These include TO PAGE 10
SA apples and pears gain traction in China
South African pome fruit is enjoying growing visibility in China, thanks to a targeted consumer awareness campaign launched for the 2025 season. The campaign began in key retail chains Shengguo and Xianfeng, positioning South African apples and pears as premium, high-quality options for Chinese consumers.
At the core of the campaign is the new slogan, “Beautiful South Africa, Beautiful Fruits”. The message links the appeal of South African fruit to its agricultural origins, emphasising taste, freshness, and natural quality. The campaign strategy includes in-store promotions designed to let consumers sample the fruit and engage directly with the brand.
The initiative integrates in-store activations with broader outreach via social media and consumer events. Shoppers are being invited to participate in tastings, engage with limited-
time promotional offers, and learn more about South African fruit through storytelling, recipes, and health content shared online.
This marks a key development in South Africa’s long-term strategy to expand its fresh produce exports to China. By strengthening brand recognition and deepening consumer engagement, the campaign supports greater market access and sustained growth in one of Asia’s most competitive fresh fruit sectors.
Pome fruit exports to China
• 2024 season exports: 1 060 510 cartons
• Exports over the past decade (2015–2024): 5 923 768 cartons
• Top apple varieties exported: Fuji, Royal Gala, Flash Gala.
Dutch research insights into postharvest disease management
FROM PAGE 9
chitosan, Bacillus-based products, and bicarbonates. However, most of these options show only moderate efficacy, especially when used as standalone treatments. “Biologicals might be part of a broader strategy,” Wenneker explained, “but they’re not yet replacements for conventional actives.”
Non-chemical tools such as controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene) also play a role. While 1-MCP does not directly combat pathogens, it reduces ethylene production and delays ripening, indirectly protecting fruit from decay. However, extended stem greenness can lead to increased surface mould in some cases, making management nuanced.
The use of UVC light has also been explored. While it can act as a superficial sanitation tool, its inability to penetrate fruit peel renders it ineffective against latent infections. “UVC is promising, but limited in scope,” Wenneker admitted.
Sanitisation of grading water is another important innovation. Trials using ozone have demonstrated that over 90% of
fungal spores can be removed from water used in grading and packing, thereby reducing cross-contamination. Still, these interventions are seen as components of a broader systems approach rather than standalone fixes.
Wenneker underscored that the starting point for successful postharvest disease control is still in the orchard. “Prevention begins with good hygiene, gentle harvesting, and minimising bruises or entry points for infection.”
He concluded by calling for integrated solutions. “We need greater cooperation between researchers, breeders, storage experts, and regulators. This is not about one magic bullet. It’s about creating a resilient, knowledge-based system.”
For South African pome fruit producers, many of whom share concerns about resistance, regulatory changes, and export pressures, the Dutch experience offers valuable insight. Disease control must evolve from reactive chemical treatments into comprehensive, systems-based strategies grounded in science, technology, and collaboration.
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Enhancing apple storage quality with plant growth regulators
At the 2025 Hortgro Symposium, Dr Chris Watkins, a renowned professor in the school of integrative plant science at Cornell University, delivered a comprehensive presentation on the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in improving the storage quality of apples.
Dr Watkins' expertise in postharvest physiology has contributed significantly to the apple industry, particularly in managing storage disorders and optimising fruit longevity. His discussion centred around how applying PGRs at various stages of apple cultivation, both pre- and postharvest, can lead to improved fruit quality, reduced losses, and extended shelf life.
In his talk, Dr Watkins explored various PGRs, their mechanisms of action, and the timing of application, all critical factors in enhancing storage quality. His insights are particularly valuable for South African apple producers, given the country's growing apple export industry and its demand for highquality, long-lasting fruit.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are naturally occurring or synthetic compounds that influence the growth and development of plants. In apple cultivation, PGRs are used to modify fruit ripening, control fruit size, reduce physiological disorders,
and enhance fruit storage quality.
By regulating ethylene production, the key hormone involved in ripening, PGRs can delay ripening, thus extending the fruit's storage life.
Dr Watkins highlighted several key PGRs that are widely used in the apple industry:
ReTain® (Aminoethoxyvinylglycine - AVG)
ReTain is a well-known PGR that inhibits ethylene production, the hormone responsible for fruit ripening. By delaying the onset of ripening, ReTain can help extend the storage life of apples, particularly reducing disorders like stem-end browning. The delay in ripening also helps synchronise harvest and prolongs the period during which apples remain marketable after storage.
Dr Watkins emphasised that ReTain is particularly beneficial
By strategically applying plant growth regulators apple producers can reduce storage.
for apples that are prone to early ripening or damage from over-ripening, such as Gala apples. It ensures that the fruit maintains its firmness and quality throughout the storage period.
Harvista® (1-Methylcyclopropene - 1-MCP)
Harvista is a postharvest treatment that blocks ethylene receptors in the fruit, effectively preventing ripening signals from taking hold. By applying 1-MCP shortly after harvest, apples can maintain their firmness and freshness for a longer period. Dr. Watkins pointed out that Harvista helps control fruit softening, preventing bruising and maintaining fruit texture, which is essential for both domestic and export markets.
Promalin® (GA₄+7 and BA)
Promalin is another PGR that influences apple growth by stimulating cell division and elongation. It is often used to improve the size and uniformity of fruit, which can lead to better packouts and improved market value. Although its primary application is in enhancing fruit size, Promalin also plays a role in improving the overall postharvest performance of apples.
TIMING AND APPLICATION
One of the central themes of Dr Watkins' presentation was the critical importance of timing and application method when using PGRs. The effectiveness of a PGR is not only dependent on the type of product but also on when and how it is applied.
• Pre-harvest application: Timing is crucial when applying PGRs like ReTain and Promalin. Applying ReTain too early or too late in the season may not have the desired effect. Proper pre-harvest management ensures that the apples have sufficient time to benefit from the PGR's delayed ripening properties, while also ensuring that the fruit's overall growth and development are optimised.
• Postharvest treatment: Harvista (1-MCP) is typically applied after harvest. Dr Watkins highlighted the importance of treating apples with 1-MCP within a specific time frame following harvest to maximise its efficacy. Postharvest treatments also depend on the storage conditions. Apples stored under ideal conditions (cool temperature, controlled humidity) will benefit more from PGR treatments compared to fruit stored under less optimal conditions.
• Uniform application: Dr Watkins emphasised that uniformity in application is key to achieving consistent results.
Whether applying a PGR to the orchard or postharvest in packing houses, producers must ensure that all fruit receives an even dose to avoid variations in fruit quality. This can be achieved through careful calibration of application equipment and consistent monitoring of conditions.
MANAGING STORAGE DISORDERS WITH PGRS
The use of PGRs can effectively reduce several common storage disorders that plague apple cultivars. Dr Watkins discussed the following:
• Stem-end browning: A common problem in cultivars like Gala, where the area around the stem end turns brown, often due to rapid ripening during storage. By delaying ripening, ReTain helps prevent the premature breakdown of cell walls that leads to browning.
• Watercore: A condition where the fruit's flesh becomes water-soaked and translucent. Dr Watkins noted that using PGRs to delay ripening reduces the incidence of watercore, as the fruit has more time to mature in a controlled environment before any deterioration occurs.
• Superficial scald: An undesirable browning disorder often seen on apples stored in cold storage. By reducing ethylene production, Harvista helps maintain the fruit's appearance and prolongs its storage potential.
STRATEGIES FOR SA PRODUCERS
Dr Watkins' insights into the use of PGRs are highly relevant for South African apple producers. South Africa's apple industry faces unique challenges, from diverse growing regions to varying market demands. For South African producers looking to improve fruit storage and quality, the following strategies are recommended:
• Conduct trials: Every farm has unique environmental and varietal conditions. By conducting small-scale trials with different PGR treatments, producers can identify which products and application timings work best for their specific orchards.
• Monitor storage conditions: Proper storage conditions, cool temperatures and controlled humidity, are essential for maximising the benefits of PGRs. Producers should ensure that storage facilities are equipped to handle apples treated with PGRs.
• Invest in training: Understanding the science behind PGRs and proper application techniques is critical. South African producers should invest in ongoing training for their teams to ensure effective PGR usage.
Dr Watkins' presentation at the Hortgro Symposium provided invaluable knowledge on the role of plant growth regulators in improving apple storage quality. By strategically applying PGRs such as ReTain, Harvista, and Promalin, apple producers can reduce storage disorders, improve fruit quality, and extend shelf life, ultimately enhancing marketability both domestically and internationally.
As the global demand for high-quality apples continues to rise, especially in export markets, South African producers have an opportunity to use PGRs to stay competitive and maintain the premium quality of their fruit.
For further information on this topic, check out Dr Watkins' full presentation at the Hortgro Symposium.
Geïntegreerde plaagbestuur: ’n toekomsgerigte benadering tot volhoubare landbou
Geïntegreerde plaagbestuur (GPB) is ‘n holistiese metode wat daarop gemik is om plae, siektes en onkruide te beheer deur ‘n kombinasie van biologiese, chemiese en verbouingspraktyke. Dit is ‘n volhoubare, doeltreffende, omgewingsvriendelike en sosiaal-aanvaarbare oplossing vir moderne landbou.
Fanie vd Merwe NEXUSAG
Die ontwikkeling van nuwe GPB-instrumente en -strategieë is voortdurend aan die gang, aangesien faktore soos klimaatsverandering, globalisering en beperkings op plaagdodergebruik plaagdinamika beïnvloed. Hierdie veranderende omgewing vereis belegging in navorsing om GPB-strategieë voortdurend te verfyn.
Weerstand teen plaagdoders is ‘n risiko waarteen voortdurend gewaak moet word. In sommige streke van die VSA het kodlingmotweerstand teen chlorantraniliprool ontwikkel, terwyl organiese appelprodusente in die VSA ‘n afname in die doeltreffendheid van granulosevirus ervaar.
Vooruitgang in plaagmonitering
Navorsing is op verskeie vlakke aan die gang vir doeltreffender monitering. Die gebruik van UV-A LED-ligte in feromoonlokvalle verhoog kodlingmotvangste, deur motte in die lokval te lok. Dit kan ‘n nuttige metode wees om vroulike motpopulasies te verminder, wat paringontwrigtingstrategieë kan verbeter.
Afstandsmonitering maak gebruik van kamera-toegeruste feromoonlokvalle, wat kodlingmot akkuraat (>90%) identifiseer. Daarbenewens word vlugtige stowwe van gasheerplante gebruik om voordelige insekte te monitor en te lok.
Biotremologie, die studie van vibrasies in insekte, toon potensiaal as ‘n monitering- asook beheerstrategie. Kunsmatige vibrasies kan plae na moniteringslokvalle of lok-en-doodpunte aanlok, paring ontwrig en biologiese beheer verbeter deur roofdier-prooi-interaksies te optimaliseer. Navorsers in die VSA ondersoek selfs opsporing deur honde vir kriptiese plae soos vroeë fitoplasma-siektesimptome.
Paringsontwrigting en steriele insekvrylating ( SIV) Navorsing toon dat hoër vlakke van kodlingmot-feromone in boorde, deur die kombinasie van vrystellers met aërosols of spuitbare formulering, doeltreffender is om paring te ontwrig. Paringontwrigtingstrategieë word uitgebrei na ander plae, insluitend dopluis en witluis.
SIV is ‘n gevestigde GPB-strategie met nie-chemiese populasiebestuur- en marktoegang-voordele. X-straal-sterilisasie word ondersoek as ‘n alternatief vir radioaktiewe bestraling in
kodlingmotbeheer. Suid-Afrika het vrugtevlieg SIV-programme in vrugte- en tafeldruiwestreke sedert die vroeë 1990s en valskodlingmot SIV-programme is tans aktief in sitrusstreke.
Biologiese virusbeheer
Granulovirus is ‘n sleutelinstrument in organiese kodlingmotbeheer, veral in Europa. Hoë weerstandsvlakke het egter ontstaan weens oorbenutting en in Noord-Amerika is beperkte weerstand aangemeld. In Suid-Afrika vorm virusprodukte ‘n integrale deel van kodlingmot-bestuursprogramme.
Verbetering van bestaande tegnologieë
Gekoördineerde area-wye bestuursprogramme in die VSA was doeltreffend in kodlingmotbeheer, terwyl netstrukture beskerming bied teen hael, UV-straling, voëls en insekplae. Kaolienpartikelfilms weer plae af en verminder hittestremming, maar kan natuurlike predatorpopulasies beïnvloed, wat biologiese beheer kan versteur.
Biologiese beheer
Klassieke biologiese beheer van myte, plantluise en witluise vereis verminderde plaagdodergebruik om natuurlike vyande van plae te ondersteun. Biologiese beheer kan bevorder word deur natuurlike vyande vry te laat.
‘n Nuwe plaag – die effek van globalisering
Suzuki-asynvlieg (Drosophila suzukii), algemeen bekend as Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), is ‘n nuwe asynvlieg-spesie wat vrugtegewasse bedreig en ‘n kwarantynplaag is. In SuidAfrika is spinosad en ‘n deltametrien-gebaseerde lok-endood-oplossing vir SWD-beheer beskikbaar. Ander metodes sluit fynmaas-nette, massavangstelsels, insekdoders en parasitoïede wespe in as moontlike beheerstrategieë. ‘n Moniteringlokmiddel is in Suid-Afrika beskikbaar.
Deurlopende vooruitgang in plaagmonitering, paringsontwrigting, steriele insekvrystelling en biologiese beheer, verfyn GPB-strategieë en verseker volhoubare gewasbeskerming. Namate uitdagings in landbou ontwikkel, bly tegnologiese vindingrykheid en samewerkende programme noodsaaklik vir produktiewe en veerkragtige vrugteproduksie.
Kontak die NexusAG CropLife-geakkrediteerde gewasadviseur vir die ontwerp van ‘n maatpas-gewasbestuurstrategie.
PLAAGBESTUUR IS NIE 'N EINDBESTEMMING NIE
DIT IS 'N REIS VAN INNOVASIE
Geïntegreerde plaagbestuur (GPB) bied 'n vooruitdenkende, volhoubare benadering tot plaagbeheer – deur biologiese, chemiese en verbouingsmetodes te integreer. So help ons jou om plae slim, doeltreffend en omgewingsvriendelik te beheer.
STRATEGIEË VAN GPB SLUIT IN:
Paringsontwrigting en Steriele Insekvrylating
Biologiese opsies soos mikrobes en plant ekstrakte
Praktyke soos boordsanitasie en akkurate toediening van plaagbeheermiddels
Monitering en modelering van plae en siektes
Bly 'n tree voor met GPB. Tegnologiese innovasie en 'n maatpas benadering tot plaagmonitering hou jou boorde produktief en veerkragtig.
NexusAG se CropLife-geakkrediteerde gewasadviseurs ondersteun produsente met pasgemaakte, geïntegreerde gewasbestuurprogramme wat strek oor 'n wye reeks gewasse – van vrugte en wingerde tot graan en groente.
New plant breeders’ rights act brings SA in line
Adams & Adams Attorneys
South Africa has enacted a modernised legal framework for the protection of new plant varieties. The Plant Breeders’ Rights Act 12 of 2018, effective as of June 2025, replaces the Plant Breeders’ Rights Act 15 of 1976. The Act introduces key reforms designed to support innovation, align with international standards, and expand protections across the agricultural sector. Published by proclamation in the Government Gazette recently, the Act brings South Africa’s system more closely in line with the 1991 International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) Convention, a global framework that governs plant variety rights.
One of the most notable changes is the extension of plant variety protection to all plant genera and species, provided the variety is new, distinct, uniform, stable, and has an acceptable denomination. Under the previous legislation, protection was limited to varieties of prescribed plant types.
The new Act also introduces stronger enforcement mechanisms and provides clearer provisions regarding essentially derived varieties, compulsory licences, and breeders’ rights, offering greater legal certainty for those involved in commercial plant breeding.
Under the new law, provisional protection is automatically granted from the date a breeder files an application for plant variety rights. Previously, applicants had to explicitly request this protection and provide assurances that the variety would not be commercialised before rights were granted. This change simplifies the application process and strengthens interim protection for breeders during the evaluation phase.
However, breeders are not entitled to initiate legal proceedings for infringement under provisional protection.
They may instead claim equitable remuneration from any party that has made unauthorised commercial use of the variety during the application period.
Farmers’ privilege: expanded powers and debate
Perhaps the most debated element of the new Act is its treatment of farmers’ privilege, a legal provision that allows limited use of protected plant varieties by farmers without the breeder’s consent.
Unlike the previous Act, where this privilege was tightly defined, the new legislation gives the Minister of Agriculture broad powers to regulate and define the scope of this exception. The minister is now authorised to determine categories of producers who may use protected varieties, raising questions about how this flexibility will be implemented in practice.
The drafting process saw significant concern from plant breeders, who argued that the new provisions lack specificity and may erode breeder protections. While the Act requires the minister to ensure that the legitimate interests of breeders are safeguarded, legal and industry observers anticipate continued debate as implementation unfolds.
Industry engagement and legal support
The legal firm Adams & Adams, which has represented a number of multinational and domestic breeding companies, acknowledged the shift and the importance of adapting to the new regulatory environment.
As the South African agricultural sector continues to innovate, particularly in horticulture, fruit genetics, and climate-resilient varieties, the updated legal framework is expected to play a pivotal role in balancing breeders’ rights with broader food security and sustainability goals.
ConnectingfreshproduceprofessionalsacrossSouthernAfrica
The International Fresh Produce Association (IFPA) will host the Southern Africa Conference 2025 on 23–24 July at The Capital Menlyn Maine in Pretoria, bringing together fresh produce professionals from across the region and global export markets.
The event aims to foster connections between IFPA members and industry players globally. Delegates can expect a dynamic programme that will inspire and spark discussions on the most pressing issues in the region’s fresh produce sector.
“This conference is not just about listening to speakers – it’s about creating space for meaningful engagement between industry leaders, growers, exporters, and global buyers,” said Jaco Oosthuizen, IFPA Country Council Chairman.
The conference will feature:
• State of the industry – South Africa’s Minister of Agri-
culture, John Steenhuisen, will address the challenges and opportunities shaping the fresh produce landscape.
• Market trends in North America and Asia – Presentations from Euromonitor’s Relebohile Ramosoeu and Professor Patrick Vizzone of Vertical Oceans.
• Insights from international buyers – Export-focused discussions with leading buyers to help local suppliers align with global expectations.
• Export logistics and regulatory challenges – Experts will explore shipping and regulatory hurdles, with a focus on the EU market.
With diverse industry representatives, the 2025 Southern Africa Conference will be the region’s premier platform for collaboration and insight.
From tractor tweets to crop status updates: how technology is cultivating the future
Recently, the role of technology in agriculture has shifted from being a distant concept to a practical, transformative tool. However, the real story that has emerged focuses not on the technology itself, but on the people using it.
Arno Hanekom DIGITAL STRATEGIST AT DATACENTRIX
Like any other entrepreneur, farmers operate on instinct, knowledge, understanding, and experience, knowing when to plant, irrigate, and respond to seasonal shifts. This cannot be replaced by machines.
What technology offers, however, is the ability to back up those instincts with data. Farmers’ judgment isn’t replaced by algorithms; instead, it is supported and validated. This is what we call intuitive tech, not prescriptive systems.
Tools powered by machine learning can now analyse everything from historical crop data to satellite imagery and weather trends. These technologies, though impressive, do not offer one-size-fits-all solutions. Local farmers, in particular, are often sceptical, and rightly so. It is rare to find a single solution that fits all purposes. Trust and relevance are key to adoption.
Every farm is different, as is every farmer’s relationship with technology. Datacentrix’s message is simple: “farming data should be like farming land”. Think of mobile phones, which have many features, but most people use only a few of them daily. The same logic applies to data-driven platforms.
Generic solutions won’t meet every need. Instead, focusing on smaller projects and proof of concepts, where a specific use case is solved based on required outcomes, is a better approach.
Data-driven tools in agriculture
Data exists in many places: on servers, in the cloud, and even in personal storage platforms like Google Drive or OneDrive. For farmers, data includes information on livestock feed, weight, growth, silos, crops, water usage, pesticides, fertilisers, satellite imagery, and more. There is also data available on tractor or combine usage, such as hours and fuel consumption, as well as on electricity usage.
These various datasets can be consolidated in the “cloud,” a central data architecture acting as the repository, or the “brain,” for farming practices. From there, a discovery tool is used to mine and extrapolate answers to certain questions based on pattern detection and trend analysis, helping users uncover beneficial use cases.
This approach applies to all farming practices, whether for workers, service schedules, manufacturing, production, or any other discipline. The data is unscrambled, logic is added through machine learning, and ultimately, the farmer gains insights to understand the past and optimise the future.
For example, a recent project by Datacentrix involved mining years of estuary data for fruit varietals, analysing the pesticides and fertilisers used and mapping the data to determine the appropriate payment per hectare, varietal, and colour of grape.
A common misconception is that this technology is expensive, complex, and requires a large upfront investment. To counter this, Datacentrix has developed AI-as-a-Service, a cloudbased offering designed to reduce risk and make adoption accessible. Clients consume solutions on a subscription basis, enabling them to start small and scale based on real value delivered, without the need for a hefty upfront investment.
This model works across industries, including finance, retail, manufacturing, and agriculture. Whether for yield prediction, soil health analysis, or pest and fertiliser mapping, solutions are tailored to the client’s specific data and needs, providing realworld insights.
These tools should not be difficult to use. They should be simple to deploy, low-touch, low-cost, and minimally impact workflows or day-to-day operations, while still having a high business impact.
Best solutions from collaboration
Datacentrix call it “walking the line”. They visit farms, walk the fields, talk through operations, and co-create use cases with customers based on what they have learned. This farmer-first, use-case-first approach ensures the technology is always relevant to the context it serves. This technology will never replace human intelligence, but it can enable farmers, traders, and agribusinesses to work smarter, not harder. With the right approach, the focus is on outcomes, not just algorithms. It’s not just the tractors that are getting smarter; the decisions are too.
Arno Hanekom, Digital Strategist at Datacentrix.
Africa’s agrifood systems face rising risk
Between 2020 and 2024, the number of days with moderate to high food price volatility for staple crops such as rice and wheat has doubled or even tripled. A recent analysis by Boston Consulting Group (BCG) and sustainability consultancy Quantis suggests this is not a temporary disturbance, but a symptom of deeper, systemic vulnerabilities in global food supply chains.
Boston Consulting Group
The report, Building Resilience in Agrifood Supply Chains, highlights how climate change, shifting trade dynamics, and geopolitical tensions are converging to increase the frequency and severity of disruptions, placing global and regional food security at greater risk.
Global food systems are already under immense strain. According to the World Health Organisation, one in eleven people globally faces food insecurity. One-third of all food produced is either lost or wasted. The compounding effects of climate instability and political conflict are further exacerbating these pressures. For example, the war in Ukraine has sharply curtailed wheat exports, while rising temperatures and erratic rainfall are destabilising production seasons across regions.
BCG and Quantis estimate that climate risks could reduce global crop yields by up to 35% by 2050. Staples such as rice, maize, and wheat, critical to food security in Africa, are particularly vulnerable. Rice production alone may drop by 9% globally, with major producers like India experiencing declines of up to 18%. Export restrictions, such as those imposed by India in recent years, could slash global rice exports by over 50%, posing a significant threat to Africa’s rice-dependent import markets.
“Rice production accounts for 22% of global caloric intake, and production declines jeopardise food security for several importing nations in Africa,” said Hamid Maher, managing director and senior partner at BCG in Casablanca. “Action from both public and private sectors is essential to accelerate farmer adaptation and investment in innovation.”
AFRICA AT A CROSSROADS
For Africa, where agriculture supports over half of the population, the resilience of agrifood systems is not just a development goal; it is a socio-economic imperative. BCG’s analysis suggests that climate-related yield losses could result in a 46% drop in smallholder farmer profitability. This poses a significant risk, as smallholders account for approximately 70% of agricultural output on the continent and often lack access to credit, insurance, or advanced technologies.
West Africa's cocoa sector offers a striking example of how environmental volatility translates into economic risk. Diseases such as swollen shoot virus and fungal infections, combined with shifting rainfall patterns, have drastically reduced yields. Cocoa prices spiked to nearly $13 000 (R239 000) per ton in late 2024, a fourfold increase over the 10-year average.
While such price increases could potentially benefit farmers, the reality is more complex. Due to intermediary-heavy supply chains, price benefits often do not fully reach producers. Moreover, the global market is exploring alternatives to African cocoa, with countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Ecuador, and Brazil expanding their production capacity. Brazil, for instance, has announced plans to double domestic cocoa production by 2030. Africa, which supplies more than 60% of the world’s cocoa, now faces both economic vulnerability and market displacement.
Considering these challenges, BCG and Quantis propose a set of resilience levers for African agrifood systems:
Investment in climate-resilient seed varieties
Heavy reliance on genetically uniform crops leaves agriculture exposed to pests, disease, and climate stress. The Cavendish banana, for example, dominates global commercial banana production, but its lack of genetic diversity makes it highly vulnerable to disease. Promoting and commercialising alternative cultivars developed by research institutions, alongside continued investment in breeding, can mitigate these risks and safeguard farmer livelihoods.
Deployment of predictive technologies
Technologies such as satellite imaging, in-soil sensors, AI, and machine learning offer promising avenues for improving forecasting and on-farm decision-making. These tools enhance traceability, optimise resource use, and enable precision agriculture practices that reduce input costs and improve yields. They also support early-warning systems critical for responding to shifting weather patterns.
Crop and supply chain diversification
Current supply chains often depend heavily on single crops or dominant regions. Diversification - whether by adopting alternative crops such as millet or sorghum, expanding supplier bases, or leveraging different growing regions - requires longterm investment but significantly improves resilience. It also supports food security and export stability.
Access to climate finance
Unlocking climate finance is essential to support smallholder transitions to sustainable practices. This includes the adoption of resilient inputs, technologies, and risk mitigation strategies. Targeted financial tools, such as crop insurance, low-interest credit, and grant funding, can empower farmers to make pro-
active changes rather than react to crises.
“We believe this is a pivotal moment for agrifood decisionmakers to reimagine their approaches to create resilience, value, and sustainability for their businesses and communities,” said Zoë Karl-Waithaka, managing director and partner at BCG in Nairobi.
BUILDING THE FUTURE
dent and complex, reactive crisis management is no longer sufficient. A forward-looking, systems-based approach that integrates science, finance, policy, and farmer-level action is critical to ensuring long-term food security and economic stability.
By investing in climate-smart agriculture, resilient seeds, precision technologies, and financial inclusion, Africa has the opportunity to transform its agrifood sector, not only to withstand future shocks, but to lead as a globally competitive and
Africa agrifood supply figure: days with moderate or high price variability.
Groot potensiaal met nuwe lietsjiekultivars
Meer kultivars wat lietsjies van hoë kwaliteit lewer en wat ‘n langer oestyd het, bevoordeel die Suid-Afrikaanse lietsjiebedryf na jare se navorsing met ingevoerde kultivars. Tydens die SA Lietsjiekwekersvereniging se navorsingsimposium op Mbombela het navorsers verslag gedoen van onder meer nuwe kultivars, produksie in ‘n warmer klimaat en metodes om sonbrandskade te voorkom.
Die SA Lietsjiekwekersvereniging se simposium was volgens Bram Snijder, voorsitter van die Lietsjiekwekersvereniging (SALKV / SALGA), belangrik om terugvoering van navorsers te kry. Hoewel navorsing ‘n prioriteit is, is die vereniging konserwatief met die besteding van fondse sodat produsente daarmee baat kan vind deur hul produksie verbeter te verbeter.
Vyf jaar se evaluering van nuwe kultivars het getoon dat kultivars van hoë gehalte vir die plaaslike bedryf beskikbaar is sodat die kultivarverskeidenheid en oesseisoen vergroot kan word, het Andani Mmboyi van die Landbounavorsingraad (LNR) gesê. Sy is die projekleier van die lietsjieteelprogram by die LNR se eenheid vir Tropiese en Subtropiese Gewasse (LNR-TSG).
Navorsing op 30 kultivars van Australië en Israel wat tussen 2012 en 2014 na Suid-Afrika gebring is, is toegespits op opbrengs, vrugkwaliteit en die fenologiese ontwikkeling. Die LNR-TSG se evaluerings het in twee streke plaasgevind. By Malelane word vrugte vroeg in die lietsjieseisoen ryp en by Mbombela in die middel van die seisoen.
Ter aanvulling van die twee kultivars wat die meeste in SuidAfrika geproduseer word, Mauritius en McLean’s Red, evalueer die LNR-TSG ingevoerde kultivars. Die mikpunt is onder meer om kultivars met ander produksietye te kry en daarmee nuwe uitvoermarkte te ontgin. Om ‘n uitvoermark suksesvol te kan benut moet gapings gevind word wanneer ander lande se lietsjieproduksie afneem.
In die 2024/25-seisoen is evaluering van die ingevoerde kultivars voortgesit en met Mauritius en McLean’s Red vergelyk. Lietsjies se rypwording en produksietyd word in drie seisoene verdeel, naamlik, vroeg, middel en laat. Mauritius is sedert 1875 in Suid-Afrika en word in die middelseisoen ryp. McLean’s Red kom in die middel- tot laatseisoen in produksie. In die evaluerings het vier kultivars goed presteer in plaaslike streke waar lietsjies verbou word. Die kultivars Hung Long, Chakrapad, Shuijinqui en Maguli se eienskappe toon potensiaal om goeie toevoegings tot die bedryf te wees. Hulle kan die beskikbare kultivars uitbrei om verskeidenheid in produksie te help lewer.
Onder die nuwe kultivars kon die kultivar Hung Long by Malelane reeds in die derde week van November geoes word en dit het deurlopend die hoogste opbrengs en die beste vruggrootte gelewer. ‘n Kultivar in dieselfde produksiestreek wat die laaste ryp vrugte gelewer het, was Shuijinqui. Dié kultivar het volgens die navorsers ‘n uitnemende vruggrootte gehad, asook ‘n donkerrooi skil wanneer dit ryp was.
Hung Long is een van die ingevoerde lietsjiekultivars wat belofte toon vir Suid-Afrikaanse produksie. Foto: Andani Mmboyi, LNR-TSG.
Die lietsjiekultivar Maguli word later ryp en het swaarder vrugte as kultivars wat tans in Suid-Afrika verbou word. Die LNR-TSG evalueer hierdie kultivar saam met ander vir plaaslike produksie en uitvoer. Foto: Andani Mmboyi, LNR-TSG.
In die streek met middelseisoenproduksie was Souey Tung die vroegste ryp in die eerste week van Desember en Maguili die laaste ryp in die vierde week van Januarie. ‘n Toppresteerder was Israeli kultivar D met ‘n vrugmassa van 35,39 g en grootte van 34,95 mm. In dieselfde streek het Hung Long deurlopend ‘n hoë opbrengs gelewer en sy vrugte se gewig was 29,13 g en grootte 32,07 mm.
‘n Kultivar met potensiaal vir produksie in die laatseisoen is volgens die navorsers Shuijinqui. Die kultivar se donkerrooi ryp
vrug, massa van 39,83 g en grootte van 38,26 mm en algehele vrugkwaliteit maak daarvan ‘n sterk kommersiële oorweging.
Lietsjies vir ‘n warmer klimaat
Die klimaatstreke waarin lietsjies deesdae internasionaal verbou word, verskil van die vrug se oorspronklike streke in die suide van China en noorde van Vietnam. Boonop veroorsaak klimaatsverandering beduidende uitdagings, sê dr Smadar Harpaz-Saad, ‘n navorser en senior lektor van die Hebreeuse Universiteit van Jerusalem.
Die probleme deur klimaatsverandering sluit die aanvang van blomtyd in, voortydige vegetatiewe groei, afspening van jong vrugte en verbruining van die skil voor en nadat geoes is, sê dr Harpaz-Saad. Sy was die hoofspreker by die SALKV se simposium. Die Universiteit se instituut van plantwetenskappe en genetika in landbou se navorsing is daarop toegespits om die winsgewendheid van lietsjieproduksie te kan volhou.
Uit hulle navorsing het die kultivar Hung Long getoon dat dit die beste aanpas by warm en droë klimaatstoestande. Dit is onder meer ‘n doeltreffende kruisbestuiwer wat die vruggrootte en opbrengs van ander kultivars soos Mauritius, Tamuz en Fei Zi Xiao verbeter het.
Teenvoeter vir gebarste skil
Navorsing deur Nico Roets van Huilboerboon Landboudienste het getoon dat bespuiting met boor en kalsium tydens lietsjies se vroeë vrugontwikkeling baie nuttig kan wees om gebarste skille te verminder. Vrugte wat bars kan oesverliese van tot 33% veroorsaak.
Gebarste vrugte word waarskynlik veroorsaak wanneer ‘n te dun skil gedurende vroeë vrugontwikkeling ontstaan. Dit kan deur te lae vlakke van kalsium veroorsaak word. Die na-
vorsing was op die kultivars Early Delight en Mauritius in die distrikte van Mbombela en Malelane gedoen.
Roets sê die toediening van boor en kalsium het vruggrootte beïnvloed, maar die vrugkwaliteit, massa en ander kenmerke is nie benadeel nie.
Sonbrand se skade
In die afgelope dekade het buitengewone weerstoestande soos uiterste hitte en lae humiditeit gedurende lietsjies se blom- en vrugperiode toenemend voorgekom, sê dr Regina Cronjé van die LNR-TSG. Dit het veral by die kultivar Mauritius oesverliese veroorsaak weens vrugte wat afval, sonbrand en vrugbarste.
Ten einde oplossings te vind het die LNR-TSG navorsing gedoen deur boorde met ‘n biostimulant te spuit en met skadunette te bedek in die twee verbouingstreke van Mbombela en Malelane.
Bespuiting hou groot belofte in om opbrengsverliese weens buitengewone weerstoestande te verminder. Met die bespuiting is bemarkbare opbrengs verhoog deur skade van sonbrand met tot 20% en vrugbarste met tot 35% te verminder. Biostimulante se doeltreffendheid is egter afhanklik van optimale weerstoestande wanneer dit toegedien word.
Met skadunette is bevind dat boorde wat ten volle bedek is beter resultate gelewer het teen sonbrand, vrugbarste en opbrengstoename, as boorde wat net ‘n dakbedekking gehad het. Die gebruik van skadunette verhoog egter die boorde se insetkoste.
Die navorsers raai produsente aan om meer boordpraktyke te ondersoek en dit vir die beste resultate in kombinasie met mekaar toe te pas.
André Botha van Subtrop, Leander Engelbrecht en Gavin Hardy - altwee van Butterfly Farms, en Ian Glass.
Christian Steyn van VOC Agri, Duncan Reynhardt en Gavin Pine - altwee van Du Roi Multiplant.
Thandeka Dube van One 3 Hill en Ngecbo Khumalo van PPECB.
Frik Minnaar van Kenbrook en Hein Sonnekus van Houers.
Kundige plantvoeding en grondbestuur
Gevorderde plantvoeding en slim grondbestuur raak belangriker weens bevolkingsgroei, klimaatsverandering en wêreldwye druk op voedselsekerheid, sê Duane de Swardt, tegniese bemarkingspesialis by InteliGro, met 36 jaar ondervinding in plantvoeding.
Teen 2050 sal die wêreldbevolking na verwagting 10 miljard bereik, en boere sal meer voedsel op minder grond moet produseer. Terselfdertyd ondermyn klimaatsverandering produksiepotensiaal. Plantvoeding en grondbestuur speel ’n sleutelrol in die hantering van hierdie uitdagings.
“Plantvoeding is ’n presiese wetenskap en dit moet kundig bestuur word, met ondersteuning deur navorsing,” sê De Swardt. “Soos atlete ’n dieet nodig het, het plante ’n presiese voedingsplan nodig vir opbrengs, gehalte en volhoubaarheid.”
Gespesialiseerde voeding help gewasse om klimaatsdruk te weerstaan, verhoog hul lewenskrag en verbeter opbrengs per hektaar. Navorsing dui ook aan dat beter voeding nie net produktiwiteit verhoog nie, maar ook grondvrugbaarheid oor die lang termyn bevorder.
Biostimulante verander die speletjie
Schalk Lombaard, ook ’n tegniese bemarkingspesialis, beklemtoon die rol van biostimulante. “Integrasie van biostimulante en ander natuurlike molekules stuur seine wat plantprosesse aktiveer,” verduidelik hy. ’n Voorbeeld hiervan is die gebruik van bioflavonoïede vir mandaryne in Limpopo, wat vroeër verkleuring en gevolglik ’n groter uitvoervoordeel tot gevolg het.
“Integrasie is die sleutel – van grond- en blaarvoeding tot gewasbeskerming. Dit help ons om uitvoerprodukte van gehalte te lewer, met langer raklewe en minimale residuvlakke,” sê De Swardt.
InteliGro gebruik beheerde vrystellingskunsmis (CRF) wat voedingstowwe stadig en presies vrylaat wanneer die plant dit nodig het. Grondbestuur is waar alles begin, sê De Swardt. Deur die risosfeer rondom die wortels te bestuur, kan die plant sy voeding optimaal opneem.
’n Voorbeeld hiervan is die gebruik van ultrafyn kalk- en gipskorrels om kalsium vir ouer makadamiaboorde in die Laeveld te
gee. ’n Boom kan volgens De Swardt nie geskuif word nie, maar die grond rondom kan slim bestuur word.
Kundigheid in die veld
InteliGro se gewasadviseurs ontvang deurlopende opleiding in die jongste navorsing om produsente te ondersteun. “Ons fokus is nie net op produkverkope nie, maar op die ontwikkeling van werklike kundigheid,” sê De Swardt. Die ‘Certified Crop Advisor’ (CCA)-program hou gewasadviseurs op die hoogte van die jongste tegnologieë en navorsing.
Lombaard beklemtoon die maatskappy se rol in die bevordering van volhoubare landbou, soos die tiosulfaatreeks wat in Suid-Afrika bekendgestel word. Dit sal volgens hom nuwe werk vir produsente ontsluit en volhoubare resultate bring.
’n Gewasspesialis bestudeer die wortelnetwerk in ’n wingerdboord.
Duane de Swardt Schalk Lombaard
Die wortelnetwerk van ’n sitrusboom.
Breëspektrum Insekbeheer vir
Groeikragtige Gewasse
Nuwe generasie CIRCADEN® 200 SC insekbeheer van FMC bied breëspektrum beheer in gewasse teen skadelike insekte waaronder belangrike spesies witvlieg, plantluise, blaaspootjies, bladmyners en Lepidoptera. CIRCADEN® 200 SC verbeter gewasvestiging in gewasse soos tamaties, soetrissies en kool deur vroeë seisoen grondtoediening tydens plant of oorplant (saailinglaai deurdrenk of drupbesproeiing). Langwerkende CIRCADEN® 200 SC lewer ‘n unieke aksie wat insekgedrag beïnvloed deur spierfunksie te benadeel. Insekte hou vinnig op om te voed, wat uitstekende plantbeskerming tot gevolg het. Boonop het CIRCADEN® 200 SC ‘n gunstige omgewingsprofiel en is ideaal vir IPM-programme. Verhoog die groeikragtigheid van jou groente- en vrugtegewasse vir sterker, gesonder plante, beter gehalte en groter opbrengste.
Kontak jou naaste FMC-areabestuurder om meer uit te vind oor die talle voordele van CIRCADEN® 200 SC insekbeheer.
CIRCADEN® 200 SC Reg. Nr. L11488, Wet Nr. 36 van 1947, bevat siantraniliprool (antraniliese diamied)
200 g/L (Cyazypyr), waarskuwing, skadelik indien ingeasem, baie giftig vir waterlewe met langdurige effekte. FMC Chemicals (Edms) Bpk, Blok C, Vloer 1, Westend Office Park, Hallstraat 254, Die Hoewes, Centurion, 0157, Republiek van Suid-Afrika. CIRCADEN® 200 SC en Cyazypyr® is handelsmerke van FMC Corporation of sy affiliate.
The journey of small white beans and heritage day celebrations
Recently, Tiger Brands hosted its annual Heritage Day event at the University of Pretoria (UP), a celebration of South African agriculture and food security. This year's focus was on the journey of small white beans, from local farms to the iconic KOO Baked Beans cans that have been a staple in households for over 80 years. The event, themed “From Soil to KOO Baked Beans”, highlighted the company's dedication to local sourcing, community engagement, and innovation in the food industry.
The Heritage Day event was a reminder of the pivotal role agriculture plays in South Africa’s food security. It highlighted the company’s ongoing efforts to increase its local procurement of small white beans, a critical component of KOO Baked Beans. With an increasing demand for affordable and nutritious protein sources, beans are among the most consumed and accessible sources of protein in South Africa, especially in lower-income households.
At the heart of Tiger Brands' efforts is the partnership with local farmers, particularly those in key bean-growing regions like Mpumalanga and the North West province. This year, Tiger Brands procured approximately 19 000 tons of small white beans from local farmers, intending to source 100% of its crop requirement locally in the future. In 2025, Tiger Brands’ procurement strategy aims for a local sourcing split of 83% locally grown beans and 17% imports, with imports dependent on local crop availability.
Despite challenges like climate change, which affects rainfall patterns and crop yields, the company remains committed to local sourcing. The 2025 La Niña (wet) season brought much-needed rainfall, which has helped local farmers produce high-quality beans. Tiger Brands is optimistic about the 2025 harvest, which started in May and is expected to yield good quality and volume through June 2025.
Celebrating women in agriculture
One of the inspiring parts of the Heritage Day event was the recognition of the women farmers who play an integral role in the small white bean sector. Among the 13 farmers from SE Holdings, a key partner of Tiger Brands, six are women who have successfully planted and managed small white beans. SE Holdings supports these farmers with agronomic advice, mechanisation, financial assistance, and market linkages, ensuring that they can grow and sell beans of the highest quality.
Farmers like Marienkie Ntuli, who planted 86 hectares of small white beans, and Nolufefe Maqubela, who planted 143 hectares, are examples of how women are transforming South African agriculture. These women farmers also produce maize and other crops, contributing significantly to local food production and the broader agricultural economy.
The bean growing process: a yearly cycle
The journey of small white beans begins each year between
January and May, when the beans are planted. The beans grow throughout the summer and are harvested from May to June, where they are carefully pulled from the soil by hand. The beans are then arranged in wind rows, where they dry naturally under the sun before being harvested by machinery.
Once harvested, the beans are transported to a cleaning facility, where foreign objects like soil, stones, and other debris are removed mechanically. The beans are sorted by colour and size, classified into Grade 1, 2, or 3. Only Grade 1 beans are selected for KOO Baked Beans, ensuring the highest possible quality. The beans then go through a dry cleaning process and are sorted again before being transported to the Tiger Brands Culinary manufacturing site in Boksburg.
At the Boksburg facility, the beans are further cleaned to remove any remaining stones and debris. They are soaked in hot water to soften them before undergoing another round of sorting. After this, they are filled into cans, and the secret tomato sauce is added. The sealed cans are cooked in a rotary cooker at high temperatures before being cooled. The beans then undergo an incubation process of 10 days, during which the quality team conducts micro-analysis to ensure the product meets strict specifications before being released to the market.
A household staple for over 80 years
KOO Baked Beans have been a trusted partner in South African households for more than 80 years. The brand's history dates back to 1946 when the first Baked Beans in tomato sauce were introduced. Today, KOO Baked Beans remains the number one baked beans product in South Africa, found in 7 out of 10 homes.
At the Heritage Day event, Tiger Brands showcased the importance of innovation in meeting changing consumer demands. In 2021, KOO launched the “Colour Your Plates” culinary competition to promote healthier eating habits, which is currently in its fourth season. This competition has not only fostered creativity but also educated consumers on the benefits of incorporating more plant-based meals into their diets.
Additionally, in 2023, KOO refreshed its packaging to appeal to modern consumers. The brand’s continued success is due to its ability to remain relevant while delivering high-quality products that are accessible to all South Africans.
Beans are one of South Africa's most affordable sources of protein. At a cost of around R0,32 per gram, beans provide an
accessible and nutritious alternative to other protein sources like beef and poultry. The South African baked beans market is experiencing significant growth, driven by both rising demand for plant-based proteins and the affordability of canned beans. Tiger Brands is seizing this opportunity to expand its reach and solidify its leadership position in the baked beans market.
The company’s canning facility in Boksburg processes up to 150 tons of small white beans per day, producing over 9 million cases of cans annually, or 240 million cans. This scale of production helps Tiger Brands maintain its dominance in the South African baked beans market while ensuring the affordability and availability of the product.
Stronger supply chains
The Heritage Day event also underscored the need for sustainable supply chains in the agricultural sector. Tiger Brands is working closely with certified agronomists and farmers to ensure that small white beans are produced efficiently and meet quality standards. The company provides technical support to farmers, including soil sampling, fertilisation programs, crop spraying, and irrigation systems. This partnership is crucial to ensuring the beans are grown sustainably and can withstand environmental pressures like climate change.
Tiger Brands is also addressing the challenges of mechanisation by providing farmers with harvesters to ensure that the crop is harvested efficiently. These efforts are designed to improve the productivity of local farmers, reduce reliance on imports, and strengthen the South African agricultural sector.
Tiger Brands’ plans include increasing the local sourcing of small white beans from 19 000 tons to 28 000 tons by 2030. This goal aligns with the company’s broader procurement strategy, which aims to ensure the sustainability of the bean supply chain in South Africa. By working with local farmers and investing in agricultural innovation, Tiger Brands is building a more resilient food supply system that can better withstand the challenges posed by climate change and global trade fluctuations.
By focusing on local production, sustainable practices, and consumer education, Tiger Brands is not only securing the future of the small white beans supply chain but also playing a key role in South Africa’s food security and agricultural sustainability. The journey of small white beans, from soil to can, is a testament to the strength of local agriculture and the potential for continued growth in the South African food industry.
Sipho Modiba, procurement manager: fresh produce and agriculture, Tiger Brands and Dumo Mfini, MD culinary, Tiger Brands.
Nomakhosi Ndala, labelling operator at Tiger Brands culinary in Boksburg.
Sandanathi Mashita, winner of reality culinary TV show, KOO Colour Your Plate Season 4, and Kagiso Magabe, Tiger Brands senior legal counsel and Tiger Brands explorer host.
Women harvesting the white beans by hand.
Eight is the magic number at Mardouw Olive Estate
At Mardouw Olive Estate, competition thrives most unexpectedly between families. The estate provides housing for eight families, sparking a healthy and friendly rivalry among them to keep their gardens the neatest and most beautiful. This quirky tradition not only adds a personal touch to the estate but also encourages a sense of community and pride among the workers. It is one of the unique aspects that makes the Estate stand out in the South African olive industry.
The farm’s dedication to quality, its environment, and innovation is evident in the multiple awards, including winning the Absa Top 10 Olive Oil Award for eight consecutive years. This recognition has been instrumental in building Mardouw’s strong brand and reinforcing its reputation for quality.
The Estate is a family-owned business that has gained widespread acclaim for its superior Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). Since transforming into an olive farm in 2002 under the ownership of André and Marijke Verder, Mardouw has become one of South Africa’s leading olive oil producers.
Located between Ashton and Swellendam in the heart of South Africa’s olive-growing region, it benefits from a perfect
Mediterranean climate, which is key to producing world-class olives. The Estate’s prime location, combined with the beauty of the Langeberg mountains, provides the ideal terroir for Mardouw’s olives, enhancing the distinctiveness of their EVOO.
The Estate's impact on the South African olive industry has been significant, mainly due to their small but dedicated team. The Estate places a strong emphasis on creating a sense of community and empowering its workers.
In addition to fostering community spirit, the company is almost fanatical about supporting its workers in their personal and professional growth through partnerships such as the SA Olive Association’s mentorship initiative, which offers opportunities for skill development. Several of Mardouw’s workers have already advanced to supervisory roles, proving that Mardouw is true to its word and its promise to empower its people and help them achieve their full potential.
It is also committed to sustainable farming practices that protect both the environment and the people who work on the farm. In addition to adhering to rigorous safety and health standards, Mardouw has implemented environmentally friendly farming practices to ensure the farm’s healthy longevity.
The Estate is an example of how passion and an unwavering commitment to quality can lead to success.
Mardouw Olive Estate.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil.
DIE NAAM WAARVOOR JY MOET VRA
Innoverende beskerming teen swamsiekte op wingerd
As ’n erkende en innoverende markleier, fokus BASF daarop om waarde op die langtermyn en volhoubare oplossings aan produsente, die bedryf en die gemeenskap te bied. Wanneer dit by die beheer van swamsiektes in wingerde kom, bied BASF talle bewese oplossings teen donsskimmel, witroes (poeieragtige meeldou) en botritis.
DONSSKIMMEL
Orvego®: Initium® en dimetomorf vorm saam ’n kragtige kombinasie wat ’n dubbele slag in die beheer van donsskimmel op wingerd toedien. Die voordeel van Orvego® se kort onthoudingsperiodes stel jou in staat om dit vroeg in die program toe te dien, terwyl die produk se uitstekende oplosbaarheid dit soveel makliker maak om voor toediening te meng. Die chemiese klas waartoe Initium® behoort (FRAC Grp 45), maak Orvego® die ideale oplossing om weerstand te voorkom, sonder enige kruisweerstand. Verder maak die gunstige toksikologiese profiel van Orvego® teenoor die omgewing, dit vir gebruikers en verbruikers ’n ideale keuse vir geïntegreerde donsskimmelbeheer. Buitengewone reënvastheid binne een uur na toediening bied beskerming op die blare en trosse, selfs tydens nat toestande.
WITROES
Collis® kombineer kresoxim-methyl en boscalid vir uitmuntende beheer teen witroes in ’n spuitprogram. Omdat die twee aktiewe bestanddele verskillend op, en binne, die plantweefsel reageer dra dit by tot verbeterde sistemies voorkomende beheer van witroes.
Aangesien dit ook die gewenste nawerking bied, is Collis® ’n betroubare keuse wat goed in ’n afwisselende spuitprogram teen witroes pas.
Een van BASF se staatmakers, Kumulus® WG is ’n droëswael-swamdoder met goeie vermengingseienskappe. Die uiters betroubare formulasie met drie
kenmerkende deeltjie-groottes wat optimum stabiliteit in suspensie bied, dra by tot doeltreffende klewing en nawerking in, en op, die blaar- en vrugoppervlak. Hierdie eienskappe verseker vinnige werking, volgehoue vrystelling en langdurige beskerming om witroes effektief te beheer.
Vivando® se enkele aktiewe bestanddeel bevat metrafenone wat vinnig deur die kutikula tot in die onderliggende selle beweeg, waar dit opbou en dan verder deur die blaarweefsel versprei. Vivando® is na toediening in ’n gasformaat rondom druiwetrosse teenwoordig, wat beskerming binne die tros bied. Dit is ook uiters reënvas en lewer goeie nawerking. Verder sorg die wye toedieningsvenster vir ’n wye keuse van posisionering in die witroesbeheerprogram, met geen kruisweerstand teenoor ander aktiewe bestanddele in die beheer van witroes nie.
BOTRITIS
Cantus® WG is ’n water-oplosbare korrel met sistemiese werking wat beskerming bied teen beide botritis en witroes. Die enkele aktiewe bestanddeel, boscalid, in Cantus®, verhoed vroegtydige spoorontkieming en swamontwikkeling op en binne die plantweefsel. Dit word as enkelbespuiting voor trossluiting aanbeveel vir optimale beskerming teen botritis. Die betroubare formulasie verseker verder uitstekende reënvastheid na toediening. Daarom is geen hertoediening na reën of besproeiing nodig nie.
BASF Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk • Sestiendestraat 852, Midrand, 1685 • Posbus 2801, Halfweghuis, 1685 • Tel: +27 11 203 2400 • Faks: +27 11 203 2461 Webwerf: www.agro.basf.co.za • Mobiele webwerf: m.agro.basf.co.za • E-pos: agcelence-za@basf.com Cantus® WG Reg. Nr. L7444. Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddeel: Boscalid 500 g/kg. • Collis® Reg. Nr. L7489. Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddele: Boscalid 200 g/ℓ. Kresoxim-methyl 100 g/ℓ. Waarskuwing. • Kumulus® WG Reg. Nr. L2404. Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddeel: Sulphur 800 g/kg. • Orvego® Reg. Nr. L9185. Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddele: Initium®, Ametoctradin 300 g/ℓ. Dimethomorph 225 g/ℓ. Waarskuwing. • Vivando® Reg. Nr. L8352. Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddeel: Metrafenone 500 g/ℓ. Cantus® WG, Collis®, Initium®, Kumulus® WG, Orvego® en Vivando® is geregistreerde handelsmerke van BASF. Gevaarstellings: Cantus® WG en Vivando®: Giftig vir waterlewe, met langdurige gevolge. Indien mediese hulp benodig of aangevra word, maak seker u het die houer en etiket byderhand. Gooi enige oorblywende inhoud en houer weg by ’n versamelpunt vir gevaarlike afval. • Collis®: Moontlikheid dat dit kanker kan veroorsaak. Giftig vir waterlewe, met langdurige gevolge. Dra beskermende handskoene/klere/oogbeskerming. Indien blootgestel is of bekommerd is, soek mediese hulp. • Kumulus® WG: Indien mediese hulp benodig word, hou produkhouer of -etiket byderhand. • Orvego®: Skadelik, indien dit ingesluk word. Uiters giftig vir waterlewe, met langdurige gevolge. Moenie eet, drink of rook wanneer hierdie produk gebruik word nie. Was blootgestelde/besmette liggaamsdele deeglik na gebruik. VERWYS ASSEBLIEF NA PRODUKETIKETTE VIR VOLLEDIGE GEBRUIKSAANWYSINGS EN BELANGRIKE STELLINGS RONDOM VEILIGE GEBRUIK.
Understanding tomato spotted wilt and its management in peppers
Tomato spotted wilt (TSW), caused by the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), is an economically significant disease that affects pepper crops worldwide. TSWV can severely reduce yield and fruit quality, leading to financial losses. The disease is transmitted by thrips, small insects that feed on infected plants and spread the virus to healthy ones. Effective management strategies are crucial for controlling TSW and ensuring healthy crops.
Bayer Seminis
TSWV infects over 1 000 plant species across 85 plant families. It primarily affects vegetable crops such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, potatoes, onions, and lettuce. Other ornamental crops and common weeds are also susceptible to TSWV.
First identified in Australia in 1915, TSWV has spread globally and causes considerable damage to crops. The virus is transmitted by thrips, which acquire the virus when feeding on infected plants during their larval stage. Once infected, thrips can transmit the virus to other plants for the rest of their lifespan.
SYMPTOMS IN PEPPERS
The symptoms of TSWV can vary depending on the plant’s growth stage, environmental conditions, and the virus strain. Typically, the symptoms are more severe in younger plants.
• Seedling stage: Infected seedlings show stunted growth and necrotic spots or rings on leaves. Severe infections can result in plant death. Infected plants may also droop, wilt, and develop a bronze appearance. Necrosis can extend to stems and petioles.
• Mature plants: Infection in older plants results in more localised symptoms. Leaves may curl and turn pale green to yellow or purple. Infected fruit may develop bumps, necrotic spots, and a distorted shape. Flower and leaf drop are also common in some pepper varieties.
DISEASE CYCLE AND TRANSMISSION
TSWV is not seedborne, and the virus is spread from plant to plant via thrips vectors. The thrips species responsible for transmitting TSWV include the western flower thrips and the tobacco thrips. Thrips acquire the virus when they feed on infected plants, and once infected, they remain capable of transmitting the virus for the rest of their lives.
While the virus can infect a variety of host plants, it is the plants that support the full life cycle of thrips, including egg, larval, and adult stages, that play a key role in the spread of the disease. Weeds such as sowthistle, chickweed, and dandelion can serve as reservoirs for both the virus and thrips vectors. Additionally, infected crops, including tomatoes and lettuce, can act as sources of TSWV for nearby fields.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Managing TSWV in peppers is challenging due to the virus’s wide host range and multiple thrips vectors. However, integrated management systems that combine disease-resistant varieties, insect management, and cultural practices can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of TSWV.
Disease-resistant varieties
Disease-resistant pepper varieties have been developed, with resistance to TSWV first identified in the 1990s. The TSW gene confers resistance to TSWV in peppers, but this resistance is not foolproof. Resistance is expressed in the leaves but not in the flowers or fruit, which are the primary feeding sites for thrips. This means that even resistant varieties may still show symptoms on fruit, especially if the thrips feed on flowers. While the TSW gene offers a level of protection, some isolates of TSWV have been able to overcome the resistance. Therefore, using resistant cultivars in combination with other management practices is more effective.
Thrips management
Although it is difficult to eliminate thrips, reducing their populations can help limit the spread of TSWV. Effective thrips management includes the following approaches:
• Exclusion and physical barriers: In greenhouses, installing thrips-proof screens can help prevent thrips from entering and spreading TSWV during the transplant production period. These measures are particularly useful in protecting seedlings from infection.
• Biological control: Releasing natural predators and parasites of thrips can help reduce thrips populations. However, the use of insecticides should be carefully managed, as they may also harm beneficial organisms.
• Insecticide use: Insecticides can reduce thrips populations, but they are not a complete solution. Systemic insecticides should be applied before or immediately after transplanting, and contact insecticides can be used in the first few weeks after transplanting. While insecticides can delay TSWV infection, they are unlikely to eliminate the disease.
Weed management
Weeds serve as important reservoirs for both TSWV and its TO PAGE 30
Voldoen aan die
se behoeftes
verbruiker
Dis nie net aartappels nie, dis ’n bydra tot gesonde gemeenskappe. Orvego® – BASF se innoverende swamdoder met Initium® bied hoogs effektiewe beheer van laatroes in ʼn IPB*-program.
Langdurige beskerming
Reënvastheid selfs tydens vogtige toestande
Gunstige toksikologiese en ekotoksikologiese profiel
*Geïntegreerde plaagbestuur
Kontak jou naaste BASF-verteenwoordiger om verder te gesels. WhatsApp eenvoudig ‘hi’ na: +27 66 125 9522.
BASF Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk • Sestiendestraat 852, Midrand, 1685
Posbus 2801, Halfweghuis, 1685 • Tel: +27 11 203 2400
Faks: +27 11 203 2461 • Webwerf: www.agro.basf.co.za
Mobiele webwerf: m.agro.basf.co.za
Orvego® Reg. Nr. L9185. Wet Nr. 36 van 1947. Aktiewe bestanddele: Initium® (Ametoctradin) 300 g/ℓ. Dimethomorph 225 g/ℓ. Waarskuwing.
Orvego® en Initium® is geregistreerde handelsmerke van BASF. Gevaarstellings: Skadelik indien ingesluk. Baie giftig vir akwatiese organismes met langdurige gevolge. Moenie eet, drink of rook wanneer die produk gebruik word nie. Was gekontamineerde liggaamsdele deeglik na hantering.
LEES DIE ETIKET VOOR GEBRUIK.
Oudewerfskloof Olive Farm celebrates passion and the power of community
In 2009, the Brummer family breathed new life into a neglected piece of land.
What began as an ordinary olive farm with a handful of forgotten trees has since flourished into the acclaimed Oudewerfskloof Olive Farm.
Today, it produces some of South Africa’s finest Extra Virgin Olive Oils (EVOOs), which have been honoured with numerous prestigious awards, most notably the Absa Top 10 Olive Oil Award. Their story is one of passion, dedication, and a faithful belief that every tree, every harvest, and every hand in the process holds a story worth telling.
The farm’s location along the fertile limestone banks of the Goukou River plays a vital role in cultivating olives of exceptional quality. The combination of nutrient-rich soil and temperate climate gives the olives their distinct character. Unlike mass-production farms, Oudewerfskloof takes a labour-intensive, hands-on approach to farming. Every olive is carefully hand-picked, ensuring that only the best fruit goes into their oil. This meticulous care and attention to detail guarantees a product of the highest standard.
At the heart of Oudewerfskloof’s success are the people who bring it to life every day. Among them is Basil Koopman, who has been with the farm for over a decade and was appointed in 2014. Under his leadership, the farm has transformed into a benchmark of quality, earning several accolades, including its recent Absa Top 10 recognition. In 2024, Koop-
man was appointed as SA Olive’s Agriworker of the Year, a powerful affirmation of his dedication and impact.
However, Koopman is just one of many stories on the farm. His wife, Marlyn Koopman, was promoted to supervisor of the packaging room in 2024. She now oversees the farm’s packaging process, ensuring their high standards are met with every bottle.
Winning the Absa Top 10 Olive Oil Award has been a defining moment. The recognition brought national attention, elevating the farm’s profile and creating new opportunities. It validated years of hard work and reinforced the farm’s reputation for producing olive oil of exceptional quality.
Looking ahead, the Brummer family remains committed to producing exceptional EVOO while creating a supportive environment for their team. The farm is investing in training and leadership opportunities, ensuring that every worker has the chance to grow alongside the business.
Further to this, the farm offers holiday accommodation with views of the Goukou River to the public, and they are well-positioned in Oleo Tourism.
Understanding tomato spotted wilt and its management in peppers
thrips vectors. Proper weed management is essential to reduce the risk of TSWV in the field. Effective weed control involves:
• Pre-plant herbicide application: Herbicides like paraquat and glyphosate can be used to remove weeds two to three weeks before transplanting. This will reduce the presence of virus and thrips reservoirs around the field.
• Ongoing weed control: Managing weeds throughout the growing season is necessary to prevent the spread of TSWV. However, excessive weed control may not be cost-effective and should be balanced with other practices.
Cultural practices
Cultural practices also play a role in managing TSWV in pepper crops. Some important practices include:
• Use virus-free transplants: Always use virus-free transplants to prevent the introduction of TSWV into the field. Monitoring seedlings in the greenhouse for thrips and viruses is crucial to maintain healthy plants.
• Reflective mulches: Reflective mulches have been shown to reduce the incidence of TSWV by repelling thrips. Although more expensive than traditional plastic mulches, reflective
mulches are effective in lowering thrips populations and preventing virus transmission.
Postharvest management
After harvest, removing and destroying crop debris can help reduce the spread of TSWV. This is particularly effective if done regionally, on a coordinated schedule.
SUMMARY
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) poses a serious threat to pepper production, but effective management is possible with a combination of disease-resistant varieties, insect management, and cultural practices. By adopting an integrated management approach that includes controlling thrips populations, using virus-free transplants, and employing effective weed management strategies, pepper growers can minimise the impact of TSWV and protect their crops.
While insecticides may delay TSWV infection, they should not be relied upon as a sole strategy. Instead, a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical controls will yield the best results in reducing the incidence and severity of TSWV.
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