Exploring the dynamics of China’s citrus production and import market
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NEWS
4 China wants to increase its imports of SA agricultural products
4 Undaunted by its extra virgin olive oil production
5 Vergelegen releases pear eau de vie
5 SA’s first preserve championships
6 From two apples to a global industry: celebrating 363 years
07 Grietjie kraai koning by Goliat van Gat Pampoenfees
07 Agrimark information management supplier award winner
08 Botswana may lift the remaining vegetable import restrictions on SA
CITRUS
Citrus export growth must be safeguarded
11 Citrus summit charts way through uncertain times 12 South African lemons arrive in India 14 Navigating turbulent waters
15 The dynamics of China’s citrus production and import market
18 Common diseases on root and bulb crops
20 Peerskurf en Septoria-blaarvlek op peerbome
22 Tru-Cape’s African growth story: Meeting rising demand for quality apples
25 The IFPA Southern Africa Conference returns to Pretoria in July
26 Long-term potato tuber project has proven successful
28 How compliance is cultivating the future of agriculture
30 Navigating the future of agriculture
ROOT VEGETABLES
China wants to increase its imports of SA agricultural products
Wandile Sihlobo
Chinese officials’ statements should always be taken with considerable seriousness, especially when it comes to matters of trade. Under this framing, Mr Wu Peng, current Chinese Ambassador to South Africa, posted on X’s social media platform that: “… China and South Africa need to strengthen our bilateral trade and economic cooperation. Chinese government welcomes more South African agricultural and industrial products to enter the huge Chinese market.”
China has profound importance in global agriculture. In 2023, China was a leading importer, accounting for 11% of global agricultural imports. The leading suppliers of farm products to China are Brazil, the US, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Canada, Vietnam, France, Russia, Argentina, Chile, Ukraine, the Netherlands, and Malaysia.
However, China has been on a journey to diversify its agricultural exports beyond these suppliers, which has accelerated following the US initial tariffs in 2018 and is ongoing in 2025. South and Latin American countries, as well as Australia, have
been the primary beneficiaries of China's diversification strategy so far.
But South Africa must also be part of this conversation. And what Ambassador Wu Peng raises, China’s interest in South African agricultural products, is a starting point for a deeper trade conversation.
The first step will have to be for South African authorities to approach China to present a range of products that can be exported, and then build from there. South Africa remains a negligible player in the Chinese agricultural market, accounting for a mere 0,4% of China's agricultural imports in 2023. These exports include a variety of fruits, wine, red meat, nuts, maize, soybeans, and wool.
However, there is room for more ambitious agricultural export efforts. The South African agricultural sector, organised agriculture and researchers, consistently point out the need to lower import tariffs in China and remove phytosanitary constraints on various products.
There is now a pathway to have a productive conversation about this matter and move with speed.
Undaunted by its extra virgin olive oil production
Terre Paisible is an estate nestled in the scenic Franschhoek Valley and is home to one of the most luxurious medical spas in Africa, as well as one of the most loved tourist destinations in the Western Cape. The farm is proud of the wild and untouched nature of the pristine terroir. While all these natural elements enhance the excellence of its extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the harvest at Terre Paisible remains successful thanks to the hard work and vigilance of the entire farm’s dedicated crew.
Founded in 2015, Terre Paisible has quickly become a leader in South Africa’s olive oil industry. The farm produces highquality EVOO from five carefully chosen Italian olive varieties, and its commitment to excellence is reflected in the accolades it has received. Most notably, Terre Paisible recently earned the prestigious ABSA Top 10 Award, a recognition that underlines the farm’s unwavering focus and tireless commitment to quality and care invested in every bottle of EVOO.
In addition to its accolades, Terre Paisible boasts unique characteristics - the farm benefits from abundant natural water resources and is sheltered from harsh extreme temperatures, allowing the olives to ripen in ideal conditions. The farm’s close-knit community also plays a vital role in its success as workers live near one another, which allows them to build stronger relationships and support systems.
Waldo Kellerman, a farm manager with over 20 years of experience, takes a hands-on approach to his work. Having
witnessed the full spectrum of weather conditions throughout his career, he closely monitors forecasts to ensure optimal irrigation and inspects crops daily for perfect ripeness as harvest approaches.
Another member of this tight-knit team is Desmond Beukes, the farm’s foreman. Beukes has been an essential part of the team, leading the harvests with unwavering attention to detail and fostering a culture of care among the workers. Under his leadership, each harvest is conducted with precision, and the results speak for themselves.
Terre Paisible’s commitment to its workers goes beyond just the olive groves. The farm offers various opportunities for personal and professional growth, including training, healthcare support, and counselling. The welfare of the team and their families is central to growing a productive and loyal team.
“South Africa produces some of the best EVOOs the world, and we are so proud to be a part of that story,” says Kellerman. “We are confident that this industry will continue to grow, shine and succeed both locally and internationally in the years to come. We also strongly believe in empowering our team and providing them with the tools they need to succeed. As we continue to grow, we are committed to ensuring that everyone on our team also has the chance to thrive.”
Founded in 2015, Terre Paisible has quickly become a leader in South Africa’s olive oil industry
Vergelegen releases pear eau de vie
Vergelegen Wine Estate in Somerset West, renowned for its dedication to quality and innovation, has just released its first, limited edition pear eau de vie Eau de vie –meaning “water of life” – is a clear fruit brandy, created by fermentation and distillation.
This delicious Vergelegen spirit has been crafted from crisp, naturally sweet Clapp’s pears, harvested from an orchard that has thrived at the estate for over 30 years. Contractor Rijk Louw, who has nurtured the orchards since their establishment, personally selected the pears for the eau de vie
Vergelegen winemaker Luke O'Cuinneagain says the fruit mash was first fermented in the estate’s hilltop cellar for ten days, then distilled and bottled by the Dalla Cia family in Stellenbosch, renowned for their distilling expertise.
“Our eau de vie is an experimental, artisanal project designed to showcase the essence and pure, fruity characteristics of the estate pears. it’s certainly been an enjoyable and rewarding journey. We look forward to the reception from our Vergelegen customers, which will guide our next steps.”
Smooth and silky on the palate, the Vergelegen eau de vie can be savoured neat over crushed ice or mixed in a cocktail.
SA’s first preserve championships
South Africa’s first ever preserve championship is open to producers and small businesses across the country. It puts the spotlight on fruit and vegetable preserve products across a
wide range of almost 200 classes, including jams, marmalades, chutneys, pickles, pestos, and more.
An expert panel of judges, led by culinary training specialist Susina Jooste as chief judge, will adjudicate the entries through a blind tasting process followed by an independent audit.
“This is an excellent opportunity for South African preserve makers to gain national recognition, connect with industry experts, and celebrate the art of preserving,” says Breyton Milford, general manager of Agri-Expo, organisers of the competition.
“With many decades of experience running the South African Dairy Championships, we are excited to extend our commitment to excellence in agri-processing to this vibrant and creative sector,” says Milford. “This new competition will honour outstanding preserve products and encourage ongoing improvement and innovation in the industry.”
How to enter
To be eligible, any product entered in the SA Preserve Championships must be available in its respective market at the time of entering and should be available for the public to buy, such as at retailers, farm stalls, or markets.
For more information, send an email to charlotte@agriexpo. co.za
Vergelegen Wine Estate has just released its first, limited edition pear eau de vie
From two apples to a global industry: celebrating 363 years
Three hundred and sixty-three years ago, the seeds for one of South Africa’s most significant agricultural industries were sown - quite literally.
In 1662, Dutch Governor Jan van Riebeeck made a humble but historic diary entry in the Company Gardens in Cape Town: “Heavy drizzle in the morning and a strong north-westerly wind blowing in from the sea. Today the first two ripe Dutch apples were picked in the Company’s nursery garden … this type of apple is known as a Wijnappel.”
This moment marked the birth of the South African apple industry, now a cornerstone of the country’s agricultural economy. Each year, Tru-Cape Fruit Marketing, South Africa’s largest apple and pear marketer, commemorates this milestone, honouring the roots of an industry that feeds the world and sustains thousands of local livelihoods.
Those first apples, Wijnappels picked from a tree just 1,5 metres tall, may have seemed modest in size, but they were the start of something extraordinary. Today, South Africa is one of the Southern Hemisphere’s top apple exporters, with apples grown in regions such as the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and even Limpopo.
According to Henk Griessel, Tru-Cape’s quality assurance manager and co-author of Early Apples at The Cape, 1662 is a date every South African apple grower should remember.
“It’s where our story began. The fact that Tru-Cape continues to preserve older varieties in our heritage orchard at Oak Valley Estate in Grabouw shows our commitment to honouring the past while preparing for the future.”
“Tru-Cape’s role goes far beyond marketing, we are involved in everything from cultivar innovation, quality assurance, and sustainability to investing in market access and technology that improves traceability and efficiency,” says Roelf Pienaar, managing director of Tru-Cape.
“The birthday of our industry is a reminder of the legacy we are entrusted with - and the future we are building.”
A modern industry: Opportunities and challenges
South Africa’s apple industry remains a vital economic driver - supporting thousands of jobs, generating export revenue, and contributing significantly to food security. The country’s apples are enjoyed across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, America, Canada and Mexico, with new market access to countries like Thailand promising even greater expansion.
Yet the industry also faces serious challenges. Climate change is reshaping growing conditions, prompting a wave of innovation in varietal development, irrigation, and crop protection. Logistical bottlenecks, including port inefficiencies and transport constraints, continue to test growers and exporters. Rising input costs and regulatory changes (such as the EU’s Green Deal) demand smarter, more sustainable farming practices.
Despite this, the South African apple industry is evolving
rapidly - embracing technology, data-driven farming, and international collaboration to secure its future.
Honouring the past, growing the future
As Tru-Cape celebrates the 363rd anniversary of that first apple harvest, it’s clear that this is more than just a birthday – it is a reminder of how far the industry has come and how much promise lies ahead.
“From two apples to close to 50 million cartons exported each year, the story of South African apples is one of resilience, innovation, and growth,” says Pienaar. “We are proud to carry that legacy forward, one apple at a time.”
Remarkably, Wittewijn apple trees still grow in Tru-Cape’s heritage orchard in Elgin, where the legacy continues to thrive.
The South Africa apple industry turns 363. The first two Wittewijn apples were harvested in Cape Town’s Companies Garden on this date in 1662 – a moment that seeded an industry now exporting nearly 50 million cartons of apples each year. Image: Tru-Cape Fruit Marketing
Grietjie kraai koning by Goliat van Gat Pampoenfees
Die Goliat van Gat Pampoenfees, aangebied deur die Cullinan Boere-unie en geaffilieer by TLU SA, het weer indrukwekkende bieliepampoene opgelewer. Vanjaar se wenner was Cornelis Bester met sy pampoen, Grietjie, wat ’n gewig van 445 kg gehad het.
In die tweede plek het Lee-Ann van Zyl geëindig met haar pampoen van 360 kg, terwyl Jacky Smal en haar pampoen van 185 kg die derde plek behaal het. Die pampoenfees was ’n gesellige dag vol eetgoed, iets te drinke en hope pret vir almal wat die groot pampoene bewonder het. Die pampoengeregkompetisie was ook ’n sukses, met Ritha Combrink wat as wenner uit die stryd getree het met haar heerlike pampoensopgereg. Die eerste vyf wenners van die pampoengeregkompetisie het elk ’n kookklasprys gewen by Steyns Culinary School in Hatfield, Pretoria. Die pampoendra-kompetisie het gesorg vir ’n paar swaar oomblikke toe deelnemers hulle bes gedoen het om die groot pampoene rond te dra, en met die pitspoegkompetisie het die spoeg gespat
Agrimark awards supplier for information management
Datacentrix, a hybrid IT systems integrator and managed services provider, has been recognised as Agrimark's supplier of the year for information management (IM) for the second consecutive year. This award highlights Datacentrix's ongoing commitment in supporting Agrimark’s digital transformation initiatives.
Agrimark, a subsidiary of the KAL Group, has been a provider of agricultural and lifestyle products for over a century. The annual Agrimark supplier of the year awards were established in 2011 to single out suppliers for their exceptional performance and alignment with Agrimark’s mission.
Suppliers are classed within four operational channels, namely agriculture, retail, fuel and services, allowing for a process that considers the specific needs and performance criteria of contenders within each procurement area. Winners are selected based on criteria including integrity, customer focus, value proposition and efficiency.
“Agrimark works with approximately 7 000 suppliers across its various channels, and of the 60 suppliers within the IM category, around 15 – including Datacentrix – are considered strategic to the business,” explains Charl Graham, Agrimark’s group manager: information management.
“The award is based on a thorough and structured evaluation process. Each month, Agrimark assesses its suppliers against performance criteria. Integrity and ethical business practices are critical elements of the selection process, with any supplier
failing to meet these standards is automatically disqualified,” he says.
“Datacentrix is included within this small number of notable suppliers, not only due to its ability to deliver high-quality services. The two organisations have enjoyed a lengthy, trustbased relationship.”
During 2024, Datacentrix completed a processing capacity upgrade, expansion and consolidation across the production and disaster recovery (DR) data centres to ensure business continuity and future growth availability.
Reflecting on this recognition, Datacentrix’s sales team leader for the Boland Region, Francois de Kock, acknowledges the importance of working within an environment where evaluation is based on measurable performance rather than subjective opinions.
“It is refreshing to work with a client that sets clear evaluation criteria and assesses performance based on consistent, objective metrics rather than perception. This type of approach is extremely positive as it ensures that lines of communication are open.”
Grietjie met 'n gewig van 445 kg het koning gekraai op die onlangse fees, hier is nog 'n paar van die bieliepampoene wat deelgeneem het.
Botswana may lift the remaining vegetable import restrictions on SA
While other countries have taken a more confrontational tone in trade policy, South Africa must continue strengthening relations and widening export opportunities for all the export-reliant sectors of the economy. Agriculture is one such sector that largely depends on exports and has benefitted immensely from the trade opportunities that South African authorities have successfully negotiated over the recent decades.
Wandile Sihlobo
South Africa must deploy an accelerated effort to maintain relationships and strengthen friendships. One region that requires some attention is the Southern African Customs Union (SACU), a free-trade customs union that includes Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Eswatini.
From 2021, Botswana banned imports of vegetables from South Africa, which continued until partial removal by president Duma Boko in December 2024. The government of Botswana plans to remove the remaining import restrictions on beetroot, butternut, cabbage, carrot, garlic, ginger, green melons, herbs, lettuce, onions, potatoes, sweet pepper, tomato, and watermelons from South Africa altogether.
This is a welcome development for South African fresh produce and retailers. Notably, the easing of vegetable imports will mainly benefit consumers in Botswana.
As Botswana removes all the restrictions on vegetable imports from South Africa, the focus will shift to Namibia. In the case of Namibia, the restrictions on vegetable imports from South Africa started around the same time as those in Botswana.
Each country’s rationale for banning vegetable imports was that they were building their domestic industries and that this required cushioning from imports. These bans on imports of agricultural products added uncertainty and have weighed on South African businesses.
Moreover, they have fueled a sentiment in some quarters that SACU needs a review, especially in the context of South Africa sharing some financial resources with this region. However, we caution against an unfriendly approach in the SACU region.
While South Africa’s agriculture has experienced some challenges recently, the country continues to benefit from the free trade area. For example, Trade Map data show that the SACU region accounted for about 19% of South Africa’s agricultural exports in 2024. This equals the same value as South Africa’s agricultural exports to the EU. The only difference between the EU and SACU is the products in the export basket. The EU imports more fruits and wines, while the SACU basket mainly imports staple grains, vegetables, and beverages.
South Africa imports under a billion dollars of products from SACU. This is about an 11% share of South
Africa’s agricultural imports, on average, in the past five years. The imports are mainly live animals (cattle) and sugar. The major exports to South Africa in SACU are Eswatini and Namibia. The disparity in trade is partly because of the lack of production volume from some of the SACU countries that are not as naturally endowed as South Africa.
That said, it is believed that restrictive policies are not the best way for SACU countries to lift production. Instead, a more collaborative approach that seeks to leverage South Africa’s technology and scientific know-how could be more helpful.
Thus, considering this enormous export market for South Africa's agriculture and an essential one for SACU nations, the logical steps should be to preserve trade and reduce the frequent occurrence of export bans targeted at South Africa.
The policy ambitions of the SACU members to increase their domestic production could focus on leveraging scientific advancements and investments from South Africa, which has mature agriculture and food, fibre, and beverage value chains. Ideally, collaboration should be the path forward rather than confrontations.
As Botswana completely lifts its remaining restrictions on vegetable imports from South Africa, the focus and tone of engagement on both countries should move to collaboration. Botswana must outline the areas of agriculture in which they intend to grow and, thereafter, leverage South African technology and skill as they embark on that journey.
The government of Botswana plans to remove the remaining import restrictions on fruit and vegetables from South Africa altogether.
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Citrus export growth must be safeguarded
The Southern African citrus industry is expected to export a total 171,1 million cartons of 15 kg of citrus in the 2025 season. This represents a 3,6% growth from last year’s final export figures.
Citrus Growers’ Association of SA
“We are cautiously optimistic about the season,” said the CEO of the Citrus Growers’ Association of Southern Africa (CGA), Dr Boitshoko Ntshabele. “The solid growth trajectory the industry has been on has held, so far. But serious threats remain. A significant one for this season is the tariff turmoil that could disrupt the US market for a portion of our growers.”
Ntshabele added that a trade deal or exemption for seasonal fresh produce must be agreed on by the governments of SA and the US before a paused 30% tariff comes into effect. Although the US represents only 4% to 6% of SA’s citrus exports, the US market is the lifeblood of Western Cape rural towns, such as Citrusdal.
The figure for the expected total 2025 citrus exports from SA has been calculated after the estimates for late mandarins were finalised recently. The late mandarin variety estimates show impressive growth and break down as follows:
• Leanri – 2,1 million 15 kg cartons, slightly down from 2,2 million cartons in 2024
• Orri – 2,1 million 15 kg cartons, stable from 2024's 2,1 million cartons
• Nadorcott/Tango – 25,7 million 15 kg cartons, up significantly from 23,3 million cartons last year, due to young trees coming into production
• Other late mandarins – 3,2 million 15 kg cartons, up from 2024’s 2,7 million cartons.
These estimates come after the CGA released season estimates in March 2025 for lemons, oranges, grapefruit, and early mandarins. Those figures represented stable growth overall, with:
• Lemons at 32,9 million 15 kg cartons, a 5% decrease from 2024
• Navel oranges at 26,1 million 15 kg cartons, a 5% increase from 2024
• Valencia orange at 52 million 15 kg cartons, a 6% increase from 2024
• Grapefruit at 13,5 million 17 kg cartons, also a 6% increase from 2024
• Satsuma (early Mandarin) at 1,8 million 15 kg cartons, no change from the previous year
• Nova (early Mandarin) at 4,5 million, a 2% increase from 2024
• Clementines (early mandarin) at 5,4 million 15 kg cartons, a 10% increase from 2024.
“It seems to be a favourable start to the 2025 season so far,” highlighted Ntshabele. “The early season is mostly dominated by exports of lemons and grapefruit. Lemons are in demand and the lemon price also looks good. Also, we’ve exported 55% more grapefruit than last year at this point.”
Paul Hardman, chief operating officer of the CGA, refers to challenges in the citrus success story. “If we can address the main challenges our growers face - and these are logistical inefficiencies at our ports, the US tariff uncertainty, existing tariffs in other markets and difficult access to markets like the European Union due to unnecessary phytosanitary (plant health) measures - only then will the citrus success story continue.”
Because of many new plantings over the past few years, the industry can export more citrus, and add 100 000 new jobs to the South African economy by 2032, if these obstacles are removed, added Hardman.
Citrus summit charts way through uncertain times
While the South African citrus industry is facing uncertain times, its immense growth trajectory is assured if market access opportunities are seized and logistics challenges are addressed with urgency. This was one of the clear messages coming out of the 5th Citrus Summit, hosted by the Citrus Growers’ Association of Southern Africa (CGA), which brought together the entire citrus industry in Gqeberha.
Citrus Growers’ Association of Southern Africa
The summit’s keynote address was delivered by the Minister of Agriculture, John Steenhuisen. “South Africa’s citrus industry is one of the success stories of our country,” he said, noting that “it created countless jobs in our rural communities - where we need them most.”
The industry exports fruit to the USA under the American Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Steenhuisen said AGOA’s potential elimination puts thousands of jobs at risk and could have a domino effect throughout the citrus value chain.
“I urge all stakeholders to prioritise the renewal of AGOA, or at least trade tariffs and agreements that will allow us to keep our excellent citrus products flowing to the markets that love them so much.” Steenhuisen highlighted the urgent need to, at the same time, explore and develop new markets, particularly in Asia, the Middle East and India.
The incoming CEO of the CGA, Dr Boitshoko Ntshabele, underscored the industry’s potential. “Increased market access is crucial. Projections show the industry can create 100 000 jobs by 2032. It can do this through increasing exports with roughly 95 million 15 kg cartons to a total of 260 million cartons,” he said.
Michelle Phillips, the group chief executive officer of Transnet, addressed the delegates on the progress Transnet has made on increasing the efficiency of the rail system and the ports. “The rail network is now open for private train operators," she said, also referencing increased public sector participation in the wider logistics landscape. “We will see the system become more competitive.“ Phillips also emphasised the urgency of improvements: “This season has to work better than last year.”
Quantifying the progress at the ports, Phillips reported
equipment acquisitions in the 2024/25 year of R3,4 billion across eight terminals, and a planned R4 billion across five terminals in 2025/26.
Logistics expert, Thomas Eskesen, reminded delegates that port inefficiency comes at a real cost. In his opinion, the recent study by the Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) that found the total cost of inefficient logistics to the citrus industry amounted to R5,27 billion per year, was “highly underestimated”.
Eric Imbert, a lead researcher from the French agricultural research centre CIRAD, pointed out that South Africa’s citrus industry has the potential to rise to the current challenging trading environment.
“South Africa has a relatively diversified market, innovative research capability, a large and fast evolving variety range, and a strong industry organisation with significant capacity.”
Technological change was also a theme at the summit. Anya Jaworksi, business intelligence manager at fruit producer SAFRESCO, showcased how artificial intelligence can be used to track citrus supply to Europe. Through a detailed tracking model, seasonal predictions can help avoid imbalances in supply and demand.
“When times are in flux, a comprehensive summit that brings together all stakeholders is not just beneficial, it’s essential. We navigate the hurdles together,” said Justin Chadwick, outgoing CEO, who has led the CGA for 25 years.
Dr Ntshabele reiterated the need for collaboration in times of change. “Citrus is South Africa’s biggest agricultural export industry. It can be a driver of massive economic growth and rural development. But for this to happen, everybody along the supply chain - whether they are in the orchard, or at the port, or in the boardroom - must be aligned. With this in mind, we look forward to starting the 2025 season.”
South African lemons arrive in India
A recent shipment marked a significant milestone in the fruit export landscape between South Africa and India, as the inaugural shipment of South African lemons for the 2025 season has arrived at Jawaharlal Nehru Port in Mumbai.
Celebrated as a momentous occasion, the 1 600 cartons of lemons were imported by IG International and represent the first export of this citrus variety by the local company FruitOne. This shipment signifies the commencement of the citrus season and the potential for deeper trade relations between the two countries.
Boitshoko Ntshabele, the CEO of the Citrus Growers' Association of Southern Africa (CGA), expressed enthusiasm about the shipment’s arrival.
"We are delighted to announce the arrival of the first shipment of South African lemons in India for the season," he stated. "This shipment signifies the strong trade relationship between South Africa and India. It starts the season, and hopefully starts an era of increased exports and opportunities for our two countries."
FruitOne’s head of commercial, Leardt van der Burgh, highlights India's strategic importance in the global fruit market.
"India, just because of its sheer population size and its growing middle-class, is important to South African fruit's future. The FruitOne brand is known in India, and it is important for us to supply the whole citrus basket to this market. Adding lemons to this basket in 2025 is a big step forward in this regard."
As Indian consumers await the arrival of these juicy lemons, the broader implications for South Africa’s citrus export landscape become evident. Sachin Khurana, the CGA's trade representative in India, noted that in India, there is a noticeable appreciation of South African citrus and its juiciness, vibrant colour, and fresh flavour. He emphasised that during the five months when Indian citrus is out of season, South Africa plays a crucial role in satisfying the market demand.
The significance of this first shipment goes beyond just the arrival of lemons. Citrus exports to India have seen remarkable growth, nearly tripling since 2020 to reach 30 000 tonnes. However, challenges still loom on the horizon.
South African lemons shipment signifies the strong trade relationship between South Africa and India. It starts the season, and hopefully starts an era of increased exports and opportunities for our two countries.
"A steep citrus import tariff of 30% keeps South African growers and the citrus-loving Indian consumer from benefiting even more," Ntshabele lamented, expressing hope that ongoing discussions will lead to improved trade relations and future opportunities.
The CGA has set ambitious goals for the future, with the aim of exporting 260 million 15 kg cartons of citrus by 2032. This goal is crucial not only for expanding market access but also for stimulating job creation - an estimated 100 000 additional jobs - with the aim of bolstering export-led economic growth.
To further strengthen ties, a delegation from the CGA will be travelling to India as part of a Fruit SA initiative. They will engage with the Indian government and the South African High Commission and participate in Fresh Produce India, a prominent trade gathering in Mumbai, showcasing the dedication of both countries to enhancing their citrus trade relationship.
The current lemon season appears promising, with better sizing compared to the previous year. Total expected exports for South Africa in 2025 are around 32,9 million cartons, aligning well with global market demand and projecting a stable market.
According to Gerrit van der Merwe, chairman of the CGA, all available data projected exports that are in line with the five-year average, which means there will be sufficient fruit for our global markets. The outlook suggests no oversupply or undersupply.
Analysis of the season’s forecasts shows that, while an overall 5% decrease is anticipated in lemon exports this year, some regions are still expected to perform well. Early lemons have already begun their journey to overseas markets, with a strong focus on the Middle East, Russia, and Canada, while regions like Hoedspruit are poised for increased production.
Focusing on the broader citrus landscape, the outlook for other types of citrus fruit in South Africa is equally promising. Navel oranges, for instance, are expected to see a 5% increase in export volume, translating into 26,1 million 15 kg cartons available for packing. The Orange focus group has even segmented its estimates for the first time into Early/Mid Navels and Late Navels, allowing for better tracking and management of supply.
In contrast, the past few years have seen fluctuations in Valencia orange figures, but experts forecast an increase in 2025. After four years of slight declines, a projected 6% rise to 52 million 15 kg cartons is anticipated. However, the extent of this growth remains contingent on local juicing prices, which were notably high last year and suppressed export activity.
Moreover, grapefruit exports are also on a growth trajectory, with a forecasted increase of 6%, amounting to 13,5 million 17 kg cartons.
The arrival of South African lemons symbolises more than
just the beginning of a new season. It marks the opportunity for both South Africa and India to cultivate a mutually beneficial economic relationship through agricultural trade. With ongoing negotiations aimed at addressing tariff barriers and enhancing market access, the future of citrus exports looks bright.
As the first shipment of South African lemons graces Indian shores, the stage is set for a vibrant citrus season that promises to delight consumers and strengthen ties between the two nations. With the commitment of industry leaders and a growing appreciation for quality citrus products, the quest for sustainability and growth in the global fruit market is well underway. As we look ahead to the 2025 season and beyond, the collaboration between South Africa and India stands as a testament to the power of trade in fostering opportunities and enhancing consumer experiences across borders.
As the first shipment of South African lemons graces Indian shores, the stage is set for a vibrant citrus season that promises to delight consumers.
Navigating turbulent waters
As South Africa’s citrus industry emerges from a tumultuous phase, the recent 5th CGA Citrus Summit of the Citrus Growers’ Association of Southern Africa (CGA) provided an invaluable platform for producers to glean insights into both the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Dr Tracy Davids from the Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP) took to the stage at the CGA summit, addressing industry stakeholders and producers, each eager to navigate the complexities facing the citrus sector. The discussion centred around the industry's current landscape, its rebalancing phase, and future outlook, all pivotal for ensuring sustained growth and profitability.
Dr Davids emphasised the crucial role the citrus industry plays in the South African agricultural landscape. The citrus sector ranks as the fifth largest in terms of gross production value, contributing roughly 7% to the overall agricultural economy. Furthermore, it is the country’s premier agricultural exporter, with citrus exports projected to reach a remarkable $1,8 billion in 2024. This figure represents 12% of the total agricultural food trade.
Importantly, the citrus industry supports over 140 000 jobs, accounting for 15% of total agricultural employment, based on the latest Statistics South Africa data.
Challenges
Despite the robust contributions of the citrus industry, Dr Davids noted that it is currently grappling with substantial challenges. The recent years have seen a noticeable rebalancing of supply and demand, shaking the foundations upon which many producers have built their operations. As the industry emerges from a prolonged expansionary cycle, a contraction was noted, particularly evident in the 2024 export volumes, which experienced a decline for the first time in many years.
Several factors contribute to these challenges. The southern hemisphere has faced a downturn in production, a significant external factor impacting local producers. Lower yield levels have created a ripple effect, influencing both pricing structures and market accessibility. As a result, the market dynamics have shifted, prompting producers to rethink their strategies and navigate the emerging landscape.
Dr Davids highlighted the essential role of global economic trends, including inflation and commodity prices, in shaping the industry’s current reality. In 2022, global inflation peaked at 8,6%, significantly affecting consumer spending power. The resulting economic pressure has led to tighter consumer budgets, which directly impacts demand for citrus products.
A shift in operational dynamics
In light of these market conditions, Dr Davids noted that the citrus sector has seen a substantial pivot in operational dynamics. The decline in budwood sales is particularly telling; from a robust 67 million units per year just a few years ago, the figure has now dwindled to approximately 2,5 million.
These changes in budwood sales pose significant implications for the future of the industry. With fewer new plantings, growers may face long-term challenges related to supply constraints. Producers must consider the balance between planting new crops and ensuring sustainable management of existing orchards. This approach will be vital in catering to both domestic and international markets, where demand for high-quality citrus continues to grow.
Despite these challenges, Dr Davids presented a more optimistic view of the sector’s pricing landscape. Examining revenue streams, she pointed out that the upward trend in prices has resulted in a significant increase in total revenue for citrus producers over the past two years.
The improvement in pricing can be attributed to various factors, including the strategic reduction in supply in response to slumping demand. By managing production outputs, citrus producers can stabilise prices, enhancing overall revenue in an increasingly competitive market space.
Moreover, Dr Davids highlighted the role of processing in augmenting revenue sources. The processing sector not only adds value to raw citrus products but also diversifies income streams for producers. Producers who engage in processing, whether through juices, canned products, or exports of highvalue processed items, are better positioned to navigate the complexities of fluctuating fresh produce demand.
The landscape of costs and profitability
While pricing trends show promise, Dr Davids cautioned attendees regarding the various costs incurred by producers. Rising operational costs, driven by inflation in energy and shipping, have made profitability a balancing act. As freight rates peaked in 2022, they have since begun to decline - yet they remain approximately 33% above pre-disruption levels.
In analysing these cost trends, Dr Davids presented a graph showing how both revenues and costs have shifted over
The dynamics of China’s citrus production and import market
At the recent 5th CGA Citrus Summit, Tony Lee, an expert with over 15 years of experience at Joy Mau, presented a comprehensive analysis of China’s citrus production and import market. His insights at the summit of the Citrus Growers' Association of Southern Africa (CGA) provided a valuable roadmap for global citrus producers, revealing both the challenges and opportunities presented by one of the world’s largest and most dynamic markets.
This article distils the key points from Lee’s presentation, offering citrus stakeholders an informed perspective on entering and thriving in the Chinese market.
Lee underscored the strategic importance of the Chinese citrus market, which has rapidly evolved over the past few decades. As the world’s most populous nation, China presents extraordinary opportunities for citrus producers worldwide. The demand for high-quality citrus fruits, particularly oranges, mandarins, and lemons, continues to rise, driven by a burgeoning middle class that is increasingly inclined towards healthier dietary choices.
In recent years, China has imported approximately 7,7 million tonnes of fruit, with the total value reaching around R2,54 billion in 2024. Despite fluctuations in global agriculture, China remains a crucial player, signalling growing sophistication in consumer preferences that producers must take into account.
Lee acknowledged that navigating the Chinese market comes with its complexities and challenges, particularly in the last decade. An array of factors, including extreme weather conditions, such as droughts, heatwaves, and typhoons, has
Navigating turbulent waters
FROM PAGE 14
recent years. The data indicates a positive trajectory for gross margins, suggesting that producers have managed to improve their financial outlook. However, she emphasised that individual circumstances vary significantly based on operational decisions, type of cultivation, and market dynamics.
Looking ahead, Dr Davids proposed that the citrus industry must embrace innovative approaches to ensure long-term viability and sustainability. This transformation can take many forms, including adopting better irrigation practices, implementing precision agriculture technologies, and enhancing pest and disease management strategies. As climate change continues to pose challenges to agricultural productivity, sustainability must remain at the forefront of production strategies.
Producers also need to engage in long-term planning that considers shifting international trade dynamics and consumer preferences. With an increasing emphasis on sustainability and environmental stewardship among consumers, producers who invest in sustainable agricultural practices may find themselves
adversely affected agricultural production. Adding to this are geopolitical tensions, especially trade conflicts between major global economies, which have led to increased tariffs and market uncertainties.
Moreover, the ongoing repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted supply chains and complicated logistics.
From a macroeconomic standpoint, Lee highlighted recent policy adjustments made by the Chinese government aimed at fostering economic growth. The government has set its GDP growth target at 5% for the coming year, a figure that reflects a cautious yet optimistic outlook amidst global uncertainties.
This ambitious target is not merely a figure; it is accompanied by fiscal policy changes aimed at stimulating the economy. Government initiatives signal a commitment to support both consumer spending and production capacity, signalling to international stakeholders that China remains open for business.
TO PAGE 16
with a competitive advantage.
Moreover, collaborative efforts among producers, agronomists, and policymakers will be essential for navigating the challenges facing the industry. Sharing knowledge and resources allows for better problem-solving and innovation, equipping producers to adapt to evolving market demands effectively.
A bright future awaits
While the citrus industry in South Africa faces numerous challenges, it is important to remember that with challenges come opportunities. The insights shared by Dr Davids painted a picture of an industry at a crossroads - one that is capable of transformation through resilience, innovation, and collaboration.
As South African citrus producers move forward, the call to action from the summit is clear: adapt, collaborate, and innovate.
The dynamics of China’s citrus production and import market
Tariff implications and consumer behaviour
Trade tariffs mark a significant challenge for citrus producers looking to enter the Chinese market. Lee noted that in recent years, China has imposed additional tariffs of 10% to 15% on various imported commodities, including citrus fruits. This raises important considerations for agricultural exporters.
Though these tariffs represent hurdles, they also create opportunities for local growers, who can leverage reduced competition to capture market share. For international citrus producers, it becomes crucial to evaluate how their offerings can remain competitive despite the imposed tariffs, a task that may involve innovating product quality, adjusting pricing strategies, or improving logistics.
Lee’s insights further delved into the evolving landscape of consumer behaviour in China. With increasing health awareness among the population, there is a marked shift towards quality and sustainability. Chinese consumers are now more selective, often opting for organic and responsibly sourced products.
Moreover, the economic backdrop has influenced savings behaviour. With a significant amount of consumer deposits accumulating, there is evidence to suggest that consumers may become more discerning and value-driven in their purchasing decisions. Citrus producers must emphasise the superior quality, health benefits, and ethical sourcing of their products to appeal to this conscious consumer base.
Technology is transforming modern agriculture, and the citrus sector is no exception. Lee emphasised the potential of technological innovations. However, adopting new technologies requires investment in both infrastructure and training. By fostering collaborations with Chinese entities, international producers can facilitate knowledge transfer, ensuring that they are well-positioned to implement cutting-edge agricultural practices in China.
Demographic changes and labour dynamics
Another critical issue highlighted by Lee was the impact of China’s ageing population on the agricultural sector. As demographic shifts lead to a reduction in the workforce, especially in rural areas, producers will face increasing challenges in
maintaining labour availability.
This scenario necessitates a strategic response from citrus producers. Lee noted that the future of farming in China may rely heavily on technology and automation.
Future opportunities
Despite the challenges articulated, Lee expressed an optimistic outlook for the future of citrus production and importation in China. The consistent growth in imported citrus fruit suggests that the demand is far from waning. By recognising and adapting to the various market dynamics, growers can thrive in an environment that rewards quality and innovation.
To capitalise on the emerging opportunities in the Chinese market, producers should consider several strategic approaches:
• Comprehensive market research: Conducting thorough research into consumer preferences and regional trends is vital for tailoring products effectively and enhancing marketing strategies.
• Quality assurance: Emphasising the quality and sustainability of citrus fruits can distinguish producers in a crowded marketplace, appealing to the discerning tastes of Chinese consumers.
• Embracing technological innovations: Implementing advanced agricultural practices can lead to improved efficiency and productivity, boosting competitiveness in the market.
• Strategic local partnerships: Collaborating with local companies in China can provide insights into consumer behaviour and facilitate smoother market entry.
• Flexibility and responsiveness: The ability to pivot quickly in response to market changes and challenges will be crucial for long-term success in the fluctuating agricultural landscape.
While the path entering the vibrant Chinese market may be fraught with challenges, the potential rewards for those who can navigate the complexities are significant. By focusing on quality, embracing innovation, and maintaining flexibility in strategies, citrus producers can cultivate prosperity in one of the globe’s most promising agricultural arenas. FROM PAGE 15
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Common diseases on root and bulb crops
Healthy plants are essential for human and animal health, contributing to about 80% of the food humans consume and serving as the primary source of nutrition for livestock. Plant health is often overlooked, which can lead to unnecessary yield losses.
Sakata
The South African population has grown significantly, from and is estimated to reach about 73 million by 2050. Rising input costs and limited availability of agricultural land are placing pressure on food production systems. Crop productivity is directly linked to crop health. Improved plant health will therefore contribute to greater crop productivity and food security across South Africa.
The proper management of diseases relies on the application of necessary preventative methods and a more holistic approach surrounding plant health.
STEMPHYLIUM LEAF BLIGHT ON ONION
A significant threat to crop health, particularly in onions, is Stemphylium leaf blight, a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Stemphylium vesicarium. Stemphylium often occurs as a secondary infection following the occurrence of Downy Mildew (Peronospora destructor) earlier in the season.
The disease can also develop on onion plants exposed to a series of stress factors such as insect feeding damage, hail, herbicide damage, or direct infection through dying leaves. Mature leaves and plants are more susceptible to infection than younger plants. As onions mature, nutrients naturally move from the leaves to the developing bulbs, leading to dieback of the onion leaves. Infections are more likely to occur during this stage. Infections occurring earlier in the season, when plants are still erect, can cause more damage to yield, bulb quality and storage ability.
Symptoms
Early detection of Stemphylium leaf blight and prompt action is crucial to prevent yield and quality losses. Early symptoms can be identified as pale to brown lesions on the outer leaves, typically appearing on the side of the leaves facing the prevailing wind direction. Oval-shaped lesions expand in both directions along the leaf blade, eventually turning dark to olivebrown when the pathogen begins to produce spores.
As the disease progresses, leaf chlorosis and necrosis will lead to the dieback of onion leaves from the tip down. Although Stemphylium infection remains restricted to the leaves and flower stalks of onion, reduction in yield can still occur since the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves is damaged due to phytotoxins produced by the pathogen.
Distinguishing Stemphylium leaf blight from a disease like Purple Blotch can be difficult in the early stages of infection. While Stemphylium leaf blight produces tanned coloured le-
sions, Purple Blotch has tanned lesions with a purple appearance and a target-like pattern in the centre of the lesion. Purple Blotch is caused by a different pathogen, Alternaria porri, and should be identified to apply the correct control measures.
Management practices
Since there are no resistant varieties against Stemphylium leaf blight, integrating disease management practices is critical to minimise the risk of infection in the field. Maintaining a healthy crop may prevent wounds that can serve as an entry point for the pathogen.
Several chemicals are available that can be sprayed as a preventative measure, especially after the occurrence of Downy mildew. Clean cultural practices are also vital, as the pathogen can overwinter in plant debris from the previous season. Crop rotation with non-host vegetables and cereals can also assist as an important cultural control method.
RHIZOCTONIA ON BEET
The past summer season brought unusually high rainfall across South Africa, impacting the quality and quantity of vegetables, especially beetroot. One of the key challenges faced by beetroot producers was a reduction in plant population, primarily due to infections caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia root rot is a disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani. It thrives in heavy, poorly drained soil or in low-lying areas where water tends to accumulate.
Symptoms
Rhizoctonia can cause some seedlings to die even before emergence, but it does most of its damage after seedlings have emerged.
The first signs include small, water-soaked lesions on the hypocotyl (the stem-like part of a seedling below the seed leaves), followed by dark brown to black sunken lesions. These lesions can cause the stem to become brittle and thin and eventually breaking off - a condition known as "damping off." The infection starts just below the soil surface and spreads upward, creating a clear boundary between infected and healthy tissue.
Disease cycle
In late spring or early summer, when soil temperatures begin to rise, the fungus produces structures called sclerotia that germinate and form hyphae. These are attracted to plant roots by the chemicals they release. The fungus can enter the plant through wounds, natural openings (like stomata), or directly
through the epidermis.
Unlike many fungi, Rhizoctonia does not produce asexual spores and, as a result, usually completes only one infection cycle per growing season. Sexual spores, which could enable long-distance spread, are rarely produced, so the disease mainly spreads through contaminated soil, plant debris, irrigation water, soil erosion and farm equipment.
Control measures
Managing Rhizoctonia can be difficult, but several strategies can assist:
• Plant resistant varieties that are adapted to local conditions
• Early planting may help reduce exposure to the pathogen
• Minimise cultural practices that move soil into the crown area
Crop rotation with non-host crops like small grains can re
• Weed control, especially of susceptible plants like pigweed, can lower disease incidence.
Sakata supports growers
Sakata Seed offers multiple solutions to help beetroot growers manage Rhizoctonia:
• Fungicidal seed treatments help reduce damping-off
• Germination testing of every seed lot to ensure premium quality
• The Sakata Range Test is a vigour test that evaluates seed performance across various temperatures, helping farmers understand how seeds will perform under different environmental conditions
• Sprout count and seed sizing information is also provided, offering insights into seed quality and aiding in precision planting.
At Sakata, it is important for to assist vegetable growers in producing successful crops of the highest quality. Through continuous innovation, regular seed testing and expert support, Sakata are committed to helping growers overcome production challenges and achieve reliable yields, season after season.
DISCLAIMER: This information is based on Sakata’s observations and/or information from other sources. As crop performance depends on the interaction between the genetic potential of the seed, its physiological characteristics, and the environment, including management, Sakata gives no warranty express or implied, for the performance of crops relative to the information given nor do Sakata accept any liability for any loss, direct or consequential, that may arise
Figure. Disease cycle of Rhizoctonia crown and root rot of table beet (Sharma et al., 2021).
Peerskurf en septoria-blaarvlek op peerbome
Hoewel peerskurf minder algemeen is as appelskurf kan dit tot groot opbrengs- en finansiële verliese lei as dit nie beheer word nie. Peerskurf is reeds in 1908 beskryf as ’n siekte wat op pere in Suid-Afrika voorkom (Lounsbury, 1908).
Hoewel peerskurf se simptome baie met dié van appelskurf ooreenstem, is die twee patogene wat die siektes veroorsaak verskillend. Peerskurf word veroorsaak deur die swam Venturia pirina terwyl appelskurf deur die Venturia inaequalis-swam veroorsaak word.
By appelskurf vorm die geslagtelike fase (pseudothecia) gedurende die winter in besmette blare op die boordvloer.
Met peerskurf word die askospore in die lente vrygestel wanneer dit reën. Dit word oorgedra na jong, ontwikkelende blare en vruggies waar dit besmettings veroorsaak. Die swam kan ook as miselium in jong besmette lote oorwinter en gevolglik in die daaropvolgende lente konidia vrystel. Konidia, geproduseer in primêre letsels, word vrygestel en kan sekondêre besmettings veroorsaak.
Baie sekondêre besmettings kan gedurende die groeiseisoen plaasvind. Simptome van primêre en vroeë sekondêre blaarbesmettings is sigbaar as olyf-groen tot bruin fluweelagtige kolle. Vrugletsels kan vergroot, later selfs krake vorm en somtyds vrugte misvorm.
Vrugbesmettings wat ’n paar weke voor oes plaasvind, veroorsaak simptome 2 tot 6 maande nadat die vrugte in koueopberging geplaas is. Hierdie simptome het die voorkoms van speldekop-letsels op die vrugoppervlak.
Die besmetting van plantweefsel ontwikkel by 4 ºC tot 28 ºC in die teenwoordigheid van water. Temperatuur bepaal die lengte van die benattingsperiode wat nodig is vir besmetting. Askospore en konidia benodig ‘n minimum van 9 tot 11 ure benatting by 15 ºC tot 25 ºC om te kan besmet (Sutton et al 2014).
Die bestuur van peerskurf berus op dieselfde beginsels as by appelskurf, naamlik deur die gebruik van swamdoders en na-oesbehandelings met ureum. Deurlopende monitering van peerbome vir simptome is krities, aangesien dadelik opgetree moet word wanneer sekondêre besmettings opgemerk word.
Swamdoderbehandelings begin gewoonlik tydens die groenpunt-fenologiese stadium en word herhaal voor periodes van reën totdat die askospoor-vrystellings afgehandel is. Daarna word swamdoders aangewend op grond van besmettingsperiodes en siektedruk.
Septoria blaarvlek, of mycosphaerella blaarvlek, word veroorsaak deur die swam, Septoria pyricola (Mycosphaerella pyri).
Die simptome van besmetting word op die blare waargeneem. Dit is liggekleurde letsels wat klein, swart piknidia in die middel van die letsel bevat. In sommige gevalle kan die dooie
weefsel binne die letsels uitval en gaatjies vorm. Onder hoë siektedruk kan blare afval.
Die Septoria pyricola-swam oorwinter op dooie plantmateriaal en vorm perithecia. Askospore word gedurende die lente uit die perithecia vrygestel. Die siekte word bevorder deur hoë temperature en reën gedurende laat lente en somer. Besmettings kan tussen 8 ºC en 32 ºC plaasvind, met die optimum temperatuur by 23 ºC.
Letsels vorm ongeveer twee weke na askospoorbesmettings plaasgevind het. Piknidia, wat konidia (piknidiospore) bevat, vorm een maand daarna binne die oorspronklike letsels. Sekondêre besmettings vind meer geredelik plaas as vog teenwoordig is om piknidiospore te versprei. Die verspreiding van die siekte deur piknidiospore blyk egter beperk te wees tot die boom se blaredak omdat spore deur spattende water versprei word.
Wilma van der Westhuizen NEXUSAG
Blaarletsels deur Septoria pyricola veroorsaak.
Blaarletsels deur Venturia pirina veroorsaak.
EFFEKTIEWE GRONDBEROKING EN KONSTRUKSIE
VAN OPERD WALLE NOG MAKLIKER MET NUUTSTE TOERUSTING!
NexusAG se grondberoking-eenheid, Nex presisie grondbewerking en optimale grondberoking.
Berokingsprojekte word deur gelisensieerde plaagbeheer-operateurs oorsien en die GPS-aangedrewe trekkers kan nou ook met haa yn presisie operd walle bou, grondseile plaas en plastiek verwyder.
Kontak ons span CropLife-geakkrediteerde gewasadviseurs vir meer inligting oor:
• Beroking
• Plastiekinstallasie-masjinerie
• Plastiekverwydering-tegnologie
• Operd walmasjinerie
NexusAG CropLife-geakkrediteerde gewasadviseurs bied pasgemaakte gewasbestuursprogramme, wat elke produsent se unieke omgewing en spesifieke omstandighede in ag neem, om volhoubare oplossings te bied.
Tru-Cape’s African growth story: Meeting rising demand for quality apples
With approximately half of all apples marketed by Tru-Cape sold in Africa, the fruit exporter continues to stay ahead of shifting consumer preferences and developments in the continent’s fresh fruit industry.
“Twenty years ago, Granny Smith, Top Red, and Golden Delicious were the only varieties making their way to African markets, while red apples were mostly sold locally,” said Conrad Fick, speaking at a recent media event held in TruCape’s Heritage Orchard on Oak Valley Estate in Grabouw.
“Today, the change is evident – not only for red varieties but also for bi-coloured apples. East African markets such as Tanzania and Kenya now buy Royal Gala, Cripps Red, Cripps Pink, and Pink Lady from us. While Golden Delicious remains the dominant variety in West Africa, red apple varieties and hard pears are steadily gaining ground.”
Fick attributes this shift in demand to the superior shelf life of these varieties. “Infrastructure, particularly cooling facilities, remains a significant challenge in African markets. As a result, customers need fruit that can withstand longer storage periods.”
Tru-Cape’s efforts to introduce African consumers to a wider selection of apples and pears have paid off.
“We strategically added a pallet or two of different varieties to shipments to create a better balance,” Fick explained. “Additionally, European suppliers – our biggest competition on the continent – have played a key role in introducing new varieties such as Pink Lady, Cripps Red, and Inored to the market.”
However, a trusted brand name remains paramount. “In African markets, where consumers often have only one chance to purchase, brand reputation is crucial. A strong brand signifies quality and reliability and ensures buyers have a point of contact in case of any issues.”
On average, retail accounts for less than 5% of the apples exported to Africa, meaning apples are mostly sold loose at fresh produce markets or in small plastic sleeves containing six to seven apples.
“Street vendors take great pride in their produce, creating visually appealing displays to attract customers. Over the years, we have supported them by providing gazebos and umbrellas, which not only help to boost sales but also increase brand awareness.”
Most of the business transactions take place in port cities, where old reefer containers serve as makeshift cooling facilities. Port clearance delays remain a major challenge. To address this, Tru-Cape bought and expanded its City Deep facility in Johannesburg eleven years ago, allowing African buyers to cross the border into South Africa to purchase fruit directly.
“We initially doubled our storage capacity to 1 200 pallets, thinking we would never fill it. Within eighteen months, it was at full capacity, and haven’t looked back since. Clients from Zambia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and even Tanzania now buy from the facility, where they can personally select their fruit. One thing is clear – the redder the apple, the better the sales.”
An added advantage is that buyers use their own transport and handle all logistics.
“Previously, shipping fruit to a client in Tanzania via sea freight would take 45 days, despite its proximity. Now, with their own trucks, it takes just nine days. This is a win-win situation – the client receives a fresher product that can be sold im-
TO PAGE 24
Peerskurf en septoria-blaarvlek op peerbome
Navorsing deur Chatzidimopoulos & Pappas (2016) het gewys dat blare en vruggies tydens vroeë ontwikkeling vatbaar is vir Septoria pyricola en dat die toediening van swamdoders tydens hierdie periode primêre besmettings voorkom. Die navorsing het gevind dat een tot twee toedienings met swamdoders in die DMI, QoI en SDHI chemiese groepe primêre besmettings kan voorkom. Verder is gevind dat roetine- voorkomende swamdodertoedienings teen peerskurfbesmettings die voorkoms van Septoria pyricola verminder. Swammiddels wat vir Septoria-blaarvlek geregistreer is sluit dodine en mancozeb in.
NexusAG Croplife-geakkrediteerde gewasadviseurs kan produsente met kundige advies bystaan en toepaslike gewas-
bestuursprogramme vir die produsente se eiesoortige omgewing en spesifieke omstandighede in ag neem.
Kontak die adviseurs gerus vir meer inligting. Besoek www. nexusag.net of skakel 021 860 8040.
Bronne
Chatzidimopoulos M. & Pappas A.C., 2016. Epidemiology and control of Septoria pyricola in pear leaf and fruit. Journal of Plant Pathology 98 (3), 447-452.
Lounsbury C.P., 1908. The Fusicladium disease of the pear and apple. Agricultural Journal
Sutton T.B. et al, 2014, Second Edition. Compendium of apple and pear diseases and pests.
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Philagro Suid-Afrika (Edms) Bpk l Reg. nr.: 98/10658/07
PostNet Suite #378, Privaatsak X025, Lynnwoodrif 0040
Pretoria: 012 348 8808 l Somerset Wes: 021 851 4163 www.philagro.co.za
Nigerian street vendors take great pride in their products and put a lot of effort into displaying produce as attractively as possible.
Tru-Cape’s
African growth story: Meeting rising demand for quality apples
mediately without waiting for port clearance, and for us, it is a cash transaction, which is beneficial for credit management.”
Challenges and opportunities in African markets
While Africa remains an attractive and essential market, it is not without its challenges.
“One of the biggest hurdles is getting enough foreign currency out of these countries, even after clients have made payments. Additionally, the weakening of African currencies, such as the Nigerian Naira against the dollar, affects the affordability of apples and influences sales patterns,” Fick noted.
Despite these challenges, Roelf Pienaar, managing director at Tru-Cape, says the company is proud of the fact that approximately 50% of its total basket is sold in Africa, including domestic sales in South Africa.
“However, our reach extends far beyond that. We export to 105 markets, allowing us to spread our risk across multiple markets.”
Over the years, Tru-Cape has focused on planting apple and pear varieties that perform well in diverse markets.
“We have around 7 000 ha of orchards within the group, with approximately 30% of those expected to become productive in the coming years. This means we must balance our approach across both established and emerging markets while optimising fruit sizes to maximise returns for our producers.”
When Tru-Cape was founded in 2001, the company exported around 10 million cartons per year. Today, that number
has nearly doubled to 19 million cartons. Previously, structured retail markets in Europe and the United Kingdom accounted for 30% of total volume, but as demand in the Far East and Middle East surged, these traditional markets now represent only 11% of exports.
“The traditional markets will always remain vital, especially for varieties like Pink Lady and Abate Fetel. But it is incredibly exciting to see the growth and development in the East,” said Pienaar.
While markets like China and Vietnam continue to perform well, the real excitement is in Thailand. In December 2024, South African apples regained access to Thailand after a 16year closure caused by an administrative error.
“In the past, Thailand was a key market for us, with the company exporting over 100 containers per year. We recently shipped our first volumes of Royal Beaut apples to Thailand, and we see significant potential for Royal Gala types like BigBucks Gala. We are also eagerly awaiting the opening of the Thai market for South African pears, which we hope will happen soon.”
While Chile and New Zealand remain South Africa’s toughest competitors, Fick believes South Africa has a strategic advantage.
“Our location allows us to efficiently supply markets across Europe and the East. Additionally, we can provide apples yearround and have a long, trusted history of apple exports, making us a preferred supplier in many markets. Consistency is key.”
FROM PAGE 22
The IFPA Southern Africa Conference returns to Pretoria in July
Stakeholders across the fresh produce supply chain are looking forward to the upcoming Southern Africa Conference hosted by the International Fresh Produce Association (IFPA) on 23 and 24 July 2025 at The Capital Menlyn Maine in Pretoria.
Attendance at this conference is for everyone in fresh produce, from senior executives to marketing and sales professionals in the supply chain. If you work in the fresh produce industry, you belong at the Southern Africa Conference.
The schedule of events includes a wealth of content over five topical sessions with local and international speakers, expert panel discussions, question and answer time, and ample networking time.
Keynotes and discussions to look forward to:
In the State of the South African Agricultural Industry address, you will learn about local and fresh produce consumption, policies, priority issues and actions.
Fresh produce retailers with knowledge of the North American and Asian markets will share their expertise and understanding of buyers’ needs and challenges to help South African suppliers work effectively.
Industry experts on the logistical challenges faced by the South African supply chain - from shipping roadblocks to regulatory hurdles - will share their insights into the need for a renewed focus on the European Union as a target market.
Learn about technological innovations supporting improved efficiency, increased sustainability, and greater food safety protections from companies developing the technology that will change how fresh produce is grown, packaged, distributed, and sold.
Panelists will answer audience questions and discuss the next steps, action items, and takeaways.
For more information or for sponsorship enquiries, please visit www.freshproduce.com/events/ the-southern-africa-conference or contact Jane Strijdom at e-mail jstrijdom@freshproduce.com
Confirmed speakers
• John Steenhuisen, Minister of Agriculture, South Africa.
• Prof Patrick Vizzone, Co-Founder and Chief Financial Officer at Vertical Oceans, and Executive Director at DiMuto.
• Shubha Rawal, Head of Procurement, IG International Private Ltd.
• Dr Max Teplitski, Chief Science Officer, IFPA.
• Steve Alaerts, Partner and Director, Foodcareplus Logistics NV.
• Werner Rooyen, COO, Fresh Produce Exporters Forum (FPEF).
“We welcome industry members from across the supply chain and look forward to engaging with them in a dialogue that will help shape our priorities for the year ahead and beyond,” says Jane Strijdom, IFPA Country Manager, Southern Africa. She encourages IFPA members and non-members to register before midnight on 24 June 2025 at the early bird discount rates. The registration fee includes attendance at the conference, all social activities, and refreshments throughout the event.
Long-term potato tuber project has proven successful
A long-term potato tuber moth monitoring project in the Sandveld region of the Western Cape has proven so successful over the past eight years that it is now expanding to the northern provinces of South Africa.
Potato tuber moth (PTM) (Phthorimaea operculella) causes significant economic losses to potato farmers and is notoriously difficult to control. However, Sandveld farmers have seen long-term success in managing this pest, thanks to an innovative project and the collaboration between InteliGro and Syngenta.
The Sandveld potato tuber moth monitoring project was launched in 2016, when InteliGro introduced a network of PTM traps. These traps use a species-specific pheromone to attract and catch male moths, providing producers with early warnings of population increases.
“Ingenuity, data, and targeted pest management have delivered remarkable results for Sandveld farmers over the long term,” says Stefan Steenekamp, technical marketing specialist leading InteliGro’s national potato strategy.
“Through weekly farm visits, we track populations of both potato tuber moth and tomato leafminer (Phthorimaea absoluta, earlier known as Tuta absoluta) on electronic platforms
such as Cropwise and CropWatch. The data is then analysed, and the combined interpretation of trap catches, physical monitoring data, and weather information makes it possible to make more accurate predictions of moth outbreaks and design better strategies for crop protection."
Farming with fewer pesticides and more expertise
Stephan & Seun Boerdery, a well-known family-run business in the Sandveld, has been part of the monitoring project from the outset and has seen significant improvements.
“We are extremely satisfied with InteliGro’s monitoring of potato tuber moth and P. absoluta in our fields,” says Johan Stephan. “Their regular and accurate field data helps us determine the optimal timing for applying plant protection products. This reduces costs, minimises spray applications, and prevents crop damage. The service gives us peace of mind and supports better yields.”
Steenekamp emphasises that InteliGro follows an inte-
Farmers in the Sandveld have successfully managed the potato tuber moth over the past eight years, thanks to collaboration with InteliGro and Syngenta. Photo: Stefan Steenekamp/InteliGro
grated pest management strategy, combining chemical and biological solutions with cultural practices such as tillage and irrigation.
“Our goal is to promote sustainable farming and proactively address climate challenges,” he says. “This programme delivers economic benefits while reducing the environmental footprint, ensuring a resilient potato industry for future generations.”
While South Africa produces only 1% of the world’s potatoes, Steenekamp believes the sector has significant potential for growth. “Potatoes are a nutritious staple and can play a crucial role in food security and poverty alleviation,” he says.
With approximately 52 000 hectares of potatoes planted annually, South Africa can supply fresh potatoes year-round. The Sandveld produces throughout the year, while other regions follow seasonal cycles.
“To farm sustainably in both dryland and irrigated areas, we need to overcome environmental challenges such as climate change, diseases, and insect pests. Climatic factors such as temperature and humidity directly affect the life cycle of insects,” says Steenekamp. “In the past, the industry relied to a large degree on products now considered to be CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic and reproductive disruptors). These classes of products are being phased out, limiting the number of available crop protection options. This requires innovation, which is why InteliGro is collaborating with industry organizations to find feasible alternatives.”
Success leads to expansion in the north
The success of the Sandveld project has paved the way for a
tomato leafminer (Phthorimaea
), top left and bottom
and the potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea
),
right and bottom left, are two of the most significant insect pests affecting South African potato farmers
pilot initiative in the Far North region of Limpopo. InteliGro, in collaboration with Potatoes SA and Metos SA, is integrating moth trap and weather station data to help producers finetune their spray programmes based on real-time moth population trends.
“After eight years of experience, we can now extend our integrated pest management strategies to potato-growing regions across the country,” says Steenekamp. “By combining historical data with weather forecasts, InteliGro will refine its pest management recommendations even further.”
The moth monitoring devices use a specific pheromone to attract male moths.
The
absoluta
right,
operculella
top
Photo: Stefan Steenekamp/InteliGro
Stefan Steenekamp, a technical marketing specialist leading InteliGro’s national potato strategy.
Photo: InteliGro
Photo: Stefan Steenekamp/InteliGro
How compliance is cultivating the future of agriculture
As the world observed World Day for safety and health at work, some are driving home an important message: in agriculture, compliance is no longer merely a legal requirement – it is a strategic, ethical, and environmental responsibility.
As a leader in integrated crop solutions, InteliGro is intensifying its efforts to promote a deeper understanding of compliance across the agricultural value chain. From farmers and crop advisors to agri-businesses, the company is helping to build a culture in which compliance becomes second nature, not just an obligation.
“We believe in setting the benchmark for responsible, futurefocused farming,” says Stefan van Dyk, general manager of InteliGro North. “That is why we are investing in educating the industry on what compliance means, and why it matters.”
Van Dyk emphasises that compliance is not about ticking boxes but about doing the right thing. Every step in the agricultural process, from product handling and storage to worker safety and environmental management, is governed by legislation designed to protect both people and the planet.
“Yes, compliance can be complex, but when we are talking about food safety, environmental protection, and the wellbeing of workers and consumers, it isn’t a nice-to-have, it is essential,” Van Dyk explains. “Compliance means building a
system that reaches everyone involved, including crop advisors, agrochemical manufacturers, distributors, and most importantly, the farmer and farm workers on the ground.”
InteliGro works closely with CropLife South Africa and regulatory bodies to align with key legislation, including:
• the Fertilisers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act (1947) (Act No. 36 of 1947)
• the Hazardous Substances Act (1973) (Act No. 15 of 1973)
• the Occupational Health and Safety Act (1993) (Act No. 85 of 1993), and
• various environmental protection acts, including SANS 10206, which governs the safe handling and disposal of pesticides.
“Our crop advisors are in the field every day,” says Janet Lawless, national marketing manager at InteliGro. “They are trusted partners to farmers and that trust allows them to guide, support, and raise the bar when it comes to safety and sustainability.
Spray clinics hosted by InteliGro offer practical, on-farm education on compliance.
Navigating the future of agriculture
The overarching message at the Africa Agri Tech Conference and Expo (Agritech) was clear: the technology revolution has already begun, and the industry must embrace it to ensure efficiency, growth, and resilience in the face of climate change and global trade shifts.
Attendees engaged in thought-provoking discussions around disinformation, digital transformation, and the burgeoning role of artificial intelligence (Ai) in agriculture.
Speakers warned against overly complex technological solutions that hinder rather than help farmers. Tom Westphal, executive director of the South African Meat Industry Company, urged a pragmatic approach: ”Software needs to solve problems. We are not splitting atoms; we are producing food. The systems supporting food production must be simple.”
Basson Engelbrecht, CEO of Reisiger Ventures, reinforced the importance of data as an asset, explaining how its value has evolved from simple record-keeping to predictive analytics that can drive intelligent decision-making.
“We have evolved from descriptive data, which tells you
what has already happened, to diagnostic insights, telling you why something happened. Today's predictive analytics can be used to show us what to do to make something happen or prevent it.”
Similarly, Brett StClair, known as “The Rebel Technologist,” argued that artificial intelligence should be seen as an opportunity rather than a threat. “It can multiply human intelligence, improve efficiency, and help us make better decisions because it is using data from the best experts in the world,” he said.
Riedwaan Bassadien, principal data and Ai specialist at Microsoft South Africa, demonstrated how generative Ai can enhance decision-making.
“We have been collecting agricultural data for years; now,
TO PAGE 30
How compliance is cultivating the future of agriculture
“Through structured risk and compliance support, InteliGro provides the following at farm level:
• Regulatory guidance and training: Practical support to comply with Act 36, GHS standards and restricted use products, via PCO (Pest Control Operator) registration and ongoing updates.
• Stewardship training: On-farm sessions and spray clinics with a focus on correct application, label compliance and safety protocols.
• Waste management: Certified programmes for the disposal of expired chemicals and triple-rinsed empty containers, in line with CropLife SA and GlobalG.A.P. (Good Agricultural Practices) requirements.
• Documentation and audit support: Templates, certificates and advisory tools to assist producers with traceability and audit readiness."
Non-compliance is not just risky; it can have serious consequences. From reputational damage and legal repercussions to halted operations and increased environmental risks, the costs can be significant. But companies that embrace compliance are positioning themselves as leaders who are trusted, forwardthinking, and resilient.
“Compliance reflects how you operate,” Law-
less says. “It sets the tone for everything, from how you manage people and resources to how the public perceives your brand. Thus, compliance is a long-term investment in your business and the future.
“The message is clear, compliance is not a burden, it is an opportunity,” says Van Dyk. “Ultimately, compliance is about protecting lives, preserving the environment, and ensuring that agriculture remains a respected, sustainable industry for generations to come.”
Key regulations to know: (Provided by CropLife South Africa)
• Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act, 1947 (Act No. 36 of 1947)
• Hazardous Substances Act, 1973 (Act No. 15 of 1973)
• Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993)
• SANS 10206: The Handling, Storage and Disposal of Pesticides
• National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No. 107 of 1998)
• National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act N. 59 of 2008)
• National Road Traffic Act, 1996 (Act No. 93 of 1996)
Stefan van Dyk, general manager, InteliGro North
Navigating the future of agriculture
FROM PAGE 29
we must turn insights into action. Asking generative Ai systems to analyse our data and that which is publicly available can provide real actions that can be taken to improve productivity or profitability. Ai can identify early signs of disease in livestock, optimise vaccination schedules, and advise farmers how to plan for expected increases in feed costs,” he explained.
Ai can also be used to solve staffing challenges. Employment, staff and hiring the right person with the right fit is becoming increasingly difficult since we are combining four different generations of people. Corné Booysen, industrial psychologist and managing director at Trending Talent, discussed Ai’s role in improving recruitment efficiency. “AI-enhanced screening processes can reduce turnover by 35%, ensuring a better fit between candidates and employers,” she said.
Jolanda Andrag, chief operating officer at Agri SA, posed a critical question to her audience of industry leaders: “Who will we become, and how will we position ourselves within the global landscape of nations and trade blocs?”
Andrag emphasised the pressing challenges of misinformation and diminishing public trust, advocating for ongoing dialogue and consensus-building. Despite these hurdles, she expressed a hopeful outlook, highlighting the resilience inherent in agriculture and the strong communal ties that help farming communities weather adversity.
A dominant theme of the day was the pervasive impact of disinformation on the agricultural sector. Alan Hardacre, strategic leader in Global Advocacy and Public Affairs, underscored the urgent need for farmers and industry stakeholders to reclaim their narrative. “It has never been more vital to distinguish fact from fiction, yet it has never been more challenging,” he remarked.
In South Africa, sensitivities create an environment ripe for disinformation campaigns, making vigilant communication paramount.
Hardacre pointed out the dual role of artificial intelligence in propagating and combating misinformation, emphasising that transparency, media engagement, and storytelling led by farmers are crucial in fostering public trust.
“The future success of farming will hinge on effective communication. If we don’t take charge of our narrative, disinformation will dominate. Upholding truth in agriculture is a collective responsibility, and it begins now.”
Practical applications
Turning the focus to the practical applications of agricultural technology, Martin Jansen, chief information officer at ZZ2, shared insights on the company’s approach to tech adoption. He cautioned against overly complex systems’ allure, advocating for standardisation and simplification. “Technology should serve as a supportive framework around human operators, enhancing their capabilities rather than replacing them,” he stated.
Jansen acknowledged that while technology investments might seem significant upfront, the efficiency gains and waste reduction it brings can lead to substantial savings. “The true value of technology emerges when it empowers better decision-making. If improved production is attained, technology
can directly impact the bottom line.”
As the conversation shifted to Ai’s role in agriculture, Pieter Geldenhuys, director at the Institute for Technology Strategy and Innovation, challenged the perception that Ai and human intelligence are adversaries. He argued instead that Ai functions as a tool that enhances decision-making by eliminating cognitive biases.
Geldenhuys showcased several emerging technologies poised to transform food production, including autonomous machines that utilise laser technology for precise weed removal and the Scio Cup, which allows farmers to assess feed quality in seconds. However, he cautioned that Ai’s reliance on existing data limits its capacity for independent logic, underscoring that the human element will always be integral.
Mpho Mence, sustainable agriculture analyst at GreenCape, shared valuable market research on promising agricultural investments in her presentation. She highlighted the potential of precision drones for targeted chemical applications, which minimises drift, and showcased the success of tunnel farming with hydroponic systems. Trials demonstrated that while openfield tomato production yields averaged 60 tons per hectare, yields soared to 236 tons per hectare in tunnels and an impressive 392 tons per hectare with hydroponic methods.
“Though initial capital costs are high, the improved quality and yield can yield a payback period of just two years,” she explained. “Technology is not merely an enabler; it is essential for building resilience and ensuring a competitive and sustainable agricultural sector.”
The discussions also ventured into leadership in the technology-driven era. Tech leader and author Mushambi Mutuma urged attendees to embrace disruption proactively before it occurs. “Your success will depend on your capacity to evolve and adapt,” he stated.
He also emphasised the importance of considering the human aspect in technology adoption, encouraging companies to empower their employees to innovate. “Technology should amplify human skills, not replace them; it must be a catalyst for growth.”
In closing, entrepreneur and marketer GG Alcock brought attention to South Africa’s informal sector, which he noted is worth R750 billion annually. He challenged the audience to recognise the value of this sector and explore ways to integrate it into broader agricultural conversations.
One thing is clear: the future of agriculture is intricately linked to technology, communication, and the collective effort to confront disinformation.
Maak gebruik van die spesialiste
UITGEWERS VAN:
Koringfokus / Wheat Focus: Die spesialistydskrif vir kleingraan in Suid-Afrika
Vegetables & Fruit / Groente & Vrugte: Ontgin alternatiewe moontlikhede in nismarkte
Subtrop Journal: Joernaal vir avokado-, mango- en lietsjiekwekers.
Navorsingsjoernaal:
SA Avokadokwekersvereniging (SAAGA)
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