Virginia History & Culture - Fall/Winter 2023

Fall/Winter 2023

Virginia House: 75 Years of Stewardship

The John Marshall Historical Collection

Virginia Museum of History & Culture

Leland Melvin: A Virginia Legend

The Monroe Doctrine at 200 VirginiaHistory.org

In This Issue

Virginia House: 75 Years of Stewardship page 4

Leland Melvin: A Virginia Living Legend page 18

Collections Spotlight: The John Marshall Historical Collection page 10

The Monroe Doctrine at 200 page 22

Annual Honor Roll of Donors page 30

Cover: Façade of VMHC’s Virginia House, 2023.

Virginia History & Culture No. 18 Questions/Comments newsletter@VirginiaHistory.org 428 N Arthur Ashe Boulevard Richmond, Virginia 23220 VirginiaHistory.org 804.340.1800 Galleries and Museum Shop Open 10 am – 5 pm daily Research Library Open 10 am − 5pm, Monday – Saturday NEWSLETTER TEAM Editor Graham Dozier Designer/Production Cierra Brown Contributors Joni Albrecht, Jamie Bosket, James Brookes, Danni Flakes, Tracy Schneider, William Rasmussen

EXECUTIVE TEAM President & CEO Jamie O. Bosket Chief Financial Officer David R. Kunnen VP for Advancement Anna E. Powers VP for Collections & Exhibitions Adam E. Scher VP for Guest Engagement Michael B. Plumb Associate VP for Human Resources Paula C. Davis VP for Marketing & Communications Tracy D. Schneider

VIRGINIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD OF TRUSTEES Chair Richard Cullen* Vice Chair Carlos M. Brown* Immediate Past Chair Pamela Kiecker Royall* Honorary Vice Chairs Austin Brockenbrough III Harry F. Byrd III* Nancy H. Gottwald Conrad M. Hall* Thomas G. Slater, Jr.* Regional Vice Chairs William H. Fralin, Jr. Susan S. Goode* Gen. John P. Jumper Lisa R. Moore

The Virginia Museum of History & Culture is owned and operated by the Virginia Historical Society — a private, non-profit organization established in 1831.

Makola M. Abdullah Neil Amin Victor K. Branch* Charles L. Cabell Jeanette R. Cadwallender Victor O. Cardwell Herbert A. Claiborne III William C. Davis Joanie D. Eiland Peter F. Farrell Victoria D. Harker Russell B. Harper C. N. Jenkins, Jr. Edward A. Mullen John R. Nelson, Jr.* Kevin B. Osborne Xavier R. Richardson Elizabeth A. Seegar Gerald F. Smith, Jr.* J. Tracy Walker IV *Executive Committee

FROM THE PRESIDENT

L

egacy manifests itself in many meaningful ways. One important form comes through lasting investment in an important cause or institution. The Virginia

Museum of History & Culture, now 192 years old, was built through generosity of this kind—it is the legacy of many supporters continued in profound, living form.

Alexander and Virginia Weddell epitomize this very idea. Living on through the work of the museum they empowered and the ongoing preservation and use of the home they cherished, their legacy is timeless.

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the Weddells’ grand gift to the museum: Virginia House and a generous monetary bequest. Now stewarded by the VMHC three times longer than by the Weddells themselves, Virginia House is an iconic place of gathering—the physical representation of their lasting impact on the VMHC and the study and preservation of Virginia history overall. Through the VMHC’s thoughtful management of their generosity, their support is greater today than at any time before.

In this issue, you will find a short history of both the Weddells’ unique home in Richmond and their supreme benevolence. We are also proud to note that, beginning later this year, the VMHC will mark this 75th anniversary milestone moment of stewardship with a series of specific

improvement projects at Virginia House. By stabilizing the garden loggia and completing a variety of accessibility and use enhancements, we will continue the magnanimous intent of their gift—for Virginia House to be an enduring resource to benefit the work of the VMHC in every possible way.

The Weddells, like so many others, have made the VMHC and the ongoing fulfillment of our mission their legacy. It is a gift

The VMHC, unlike many similar museums and organizations, receives no government operating support.

It is through your generosity that we thrive. Thank you.

for which we, and the millions of people who benefit from our work, can be deeply grateful. I hope you will enjoy learning more about this important piece of our institutional history.

Most sincerely,

Jamie O. Bosket, President & CEO

VirginiaHistory.org | 3

VIRGINIA HOUSE: 75 YEARS OF STEWARDSHIP

4 | Virginia History & Culture

Virginia House looking from Sulgrave Road, 2018.

W

hen visitors to the Windsor Farms neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia, pass the home at 4301 Sulgrave Road, they are often curious about the building’s history. Its architecture, a mix of three romantic

English Tudor designs, is unexpected among the many Colonial Revival and Georgian Revival homes that make up the preponderance of the neighborhood.

It has a unique history to tell, a Virginia history interwoven with the world, and, for 75 years, it has been stewarded by the Virginia Museum of History & Culture.

Formerly an English manor house, Virginia House, as it is now called, was relocated to Richmond beginning in 1925. The home has been owned and operated by the VMHC since 1948. But its story begins well before either date.

The Priory of the Augustinian Order of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem was established by Henry de Newburgh, first earl of Warwick, in 1109. The building that housed the order was completed sometime around 1119.

Virginia and Alexander Weddell in the gardens of Virginia House (VMHC Collection).

When Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church in 1536, he confiscated the priory at Warwick. Like the hundreds of monasteries and nunneries that were closed throughout Britain in the sixteenth century, the priory at Warwick was sold to the king’s favorites. The first owner of the priory was Thomas Fisher (or Hawkins), who acquired the building and lands during the short reign of Edward VI.

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Fisher later purchased much of the land surrounding the priory

is an inspired reproduction of the priory in Warwickshire,

and eventually dismantled most of the monastic buildings,

England. Wormleighton Manor, a Spencer-Churchill family

transitioning the property

estate in England, was

into a house he called

the inspiration for the east

“Hawk’s Nest,” set in a

wing of the new house.

landscaped park. It was

The architect of Virginia

at his Tudor manor house

House was Henry Grant

that Fisher entertained the

Morse, who was primarily a

newly crowned Elizabeth I.

designer of public buildings.

The fortunes of the priory at

Morse accompanied the

Warwick rose and fell with its

Weddells as they traveled the

subsequent owners, among

English countryside in search

whom was Henry Wise, royal

of inspiration for their future

gardener to Queen Anne,

Richmond home.

who acquired the house in 1709. The Lloyd banking family bought the priory in the

William Lawrence Bottomley, “Bon Voyage,” demolition of the priory at Warwick, 1925.

mid-nineteenth century but were forced to sell it in the early part of the twentieth century.

who is well known for other nearby work, designed the garden loggia at Virginia

House, incorporating columns imported from Spain. The

In 1925, the recently married Alexander and Virginia Weddell

painted ceiling in the loggia came, in part, from a sixteenth-

bought the priory at a demolition sale. The Weddells had the

century house that once stood on the site of Knole in England.

house dismantled, shipped across the Atlantic, and then used

A frieze of old tiles on the walls of the loggia illustrates the

to build a new structure along the James River in Richmond.

early use of gunpowder. Beyond the loggia, the east wall of

The company that was to demolish the priory felt the stones would crumble in the process, so they decided to make a small

the west wing bears mason’s marks from various periods, with some, perhaps, surviving from the original priory.

explosion in the middle of the building and send only those

In 1927, a year before the house was complete, the Weddells

stones that survived the blast to America. To their amazement,

commissioned Charles Gillette to design the garden and

most of the stones fell intact. The more fragile ornaments

landscape around the house. Gillette was already well

were packed in boxes with sand to cushion them. A ship

established in Richmond as a residential landscape designer.

bringing the stones to America had to turn back to port as it

Formal training between 1909 and 1916 at the Boston firm of

was taking on water. Consequently, when the stones finally

landscape designer Warren Manning (1860–1938) gave Gillette

arrived in Richmond, they were soaked in seawater and had

critical early experience in the creation and maintenance of large

to be washed and dried. The stones were stored and sorted

estates. Indeed, Manning himself had assisted Frederick Law

in a barn on the corner of Massie and Canterbury roads

Olmsted in creating the great landscape at George Washington

in Windsor Farms over a period of six months in 1926.

Vanderbilt’s French chateau, Biltmore (Asheville, North Carolina).

The west wing of the house is, on the exterior, intended

Creating a landscape and garden worthy of and suitable

to replicate Sulgrave Manor, a submanorial house in

to Virginia House challenged Gillette’s ability to marry

Northamptonshire, England, and the ancestral home of

history, art, and gardening. Gillette’s success would be

George Washington’s family. The center section of the house

both professional and personal. His synthesis of Italian

6 | Virginia History & Culture

Virginia House looking from the gardens, 2018 (Courtesy of Brittany Rose Photography).

and English gardening styles at Virginia House resulted in

and tea gardens would be created. Passionate about

a uniquely American garden. His passion for pleasing his

gardening and dedicated to his clients, Gillette created in

clients resulted in a lifelong friendship with the Weddells.

the new world what often took generations in the old.

Gillette designed a series of terraces to deal with the steep pitch of the land behind the house. By 1930, the old salmon brick used to create both retaining and decorative walls was festooned with crossvine, roses, and creeping fig to reinforce the feeling of great age. A narrow linear canal and connecting fountained pools added strong spatial organization and linkage between the various garden rooms, and the use of traditional English garden plants, including both pinks and cedars of Lebanon, set the stage for statuary from Florence, a fifteenth-century baptismal font from France, and many other decorative elements the Weddells would send home from various duty posts around the world over the next twenty years.

In 1931, the Weddells added eight more acres of land to

Virginia House under construction, c. 1928.

their plot at Virginia House, from which the rose, azalea,

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View of the Virginia House Library, 2018.

The Weddells were away during many of the formative years of house and garden work as Mr. Weddell continued his increasingly influential work in the U.S. Diplomatic Corp.

In 1933, he was named U.S. ambassador to Argentina by President Roosevelt. In 1939, he became ambassador to Spain.

With World War II looming, Ambassador Weddell

View into the Virginia House Dining Room, 2018.

finally retired in 1942. He and Virginia returned home to Richmond the next year. In 1944, he was elected

In the earliest years of building Virginia House, the Weddells

as the chairman of the Virginia Historical Society.

had envisioned it someday serving the historical society—

The Weddells resided at Virginia House, filling it with the treasures they had amassed through their travels and adventures, until 1948 when, along with maid Violet Andrews, they were killed in a train accident.

perhaps as its headquarters (the historical society had not yet moved to its present location when the Weddells began their ambitious project). In fact, the Weddells deeded the property to the historical society in 1929, with a provision that they have lifetime use. They certainly couldn’t have imagined how few years they would have to enjoy their grand vision.

Enjoy the beauty of Virginia House just as the Weddells did. Consider hosting your special event in one of the exceptional indoor and outdoor spaces of Virginia House.

The VMHC has now cared for Virginia House for more

Learn more at VirginiaHistory.org/HostEvent

collection of world remembrances they brought together

than three times as long as the Weddells, yet their legacy remains paramount—remembered in the distinctiveness of the architecture, the stunning landscape, and the in a way that was uniquely and beautifully theirs.

8 | Virginia History & Culture

Virginia House Loggia, 2023.

RESTORING THE WEDDELLS’ LOGGIA To mark 75 years of stewardship, the VMHC is embarking on an extensive effort to stabilize the Weddells’ prized loggia.

With the burden of decades of weather and use, the loggia is in timely need of intervention. Join the effort with a gift to the Virginia House Fund today!

Loggia ceiling beams in need of replacement due to water damage, 2023.

Learn more at VirginiaHistory.org/Loggia

VirginiaHistory.org | 9

COLLECTIONS SPOTLIGHT: THE JOHN MARSHALL HISTORICAL COLLECTION

10 | Virginia History & Culture

Portrait of John Marshall by James Reid Lambdin, after 1831 (VMHC Collection).

I

t has long been told that Chief Justice John Marshall often invited his fellow justices to settle their differences over some Madeira wine. The story goes that Marshall would permit the

indulgence only if it were raining. He would note, however, that their jurisdiction was so vast, it must be raining somewhere.

And so, the Madeira flowed as did unanimous decisions.

Now, an 1835 receipt for nearly two hundred gallons of Madeira purchased by “Judge John Marshall,” recently given to the Virginia Museum of History & Culture (VMHC), backs the tale’s mythic proportions. The document is part of a set of John Marshall’s estate papers generously donated by James C. Stribling, a John Marshall descendant. Stribling lives in Markham, Virginia, not far from historic Glendale, the home where the papers lay dormant for decades. They were rescued from their fate in the attic years ago by Stribling cousin James R. Green, changed hands within the family, and now are the lead contribution to The John Marshall Historical Collection. They shed light on the private world of one of early America’s most public and most prominent figures.

Madeira Receipt, 1835, Gift of James C. Stribling (VMHC Collection).

VirginiaHistory.org | 11

The collection, launched by the John Marshall Center

Significantly, these papers document Robin Spurlock,

for Constitutional History & Civics (JMC) and the VMHC

Marshall’s enslaved butler, as well as those Marshall

following their July 4, 2023, union, brings together the

enslaved at Chickahominy Farm in Henrico County

VMHC’s current Marshall holdings, the JMC’s collection,

at the time of his death in 1835. An inventory lists 64

and Stribling’s to document the public and private life of

individuals by name on its front side while the reverse

the United States’ longest serving chief justice through

reveals the trust language that gave ownership of the

original manuscripts,

people to Marshall’s son

estate papers, rare books,

and executor, James K.

painted portraiture,

Marshall, with the benefit

and furnishings.

of their labor going to daughter Mary Marshall

“Washington has his place

Harvie. Stribling says this

and Jefferson his. Now

and other documents

that JMC has joined the

related to slavery are

VMHC—and given that

among the most compelling

Marshall was the VMHC’s

and previously unstudied

founding president, we can

pieces in his collection.

and should be Marshall’s place, dedicated to

“One of the most important

preserving objects and

parts of this project is

archives that tell his

sharing the documents

consequential American

that reveal John Marshall’s

story,” says Joni Albrecht,

relationship to slavery. I

director of VMHC’s John

have some experience with

Marshall Center. “With

this through the Stribling

the museum’s talented

Family Papers,” he says,

archival and curatorial team, and renowned

Detail of John Marshall’s Richmond home library inventory, 1835, Gift of James C. Stribling (VMHC Collection).

research library, we

[referencing papers made public by his father, William C. Stribling now housed

aim to be a must-visit stop for everyone exploring

at the Library of Virginia]. “One thing we found both

the life and legacy of Chief Justice Marshall.”

rewarding and important in bringing those papers to

The collection that Stribling is gifting to the VMHC features more than 50 items, including an inventory of books in Marshall’s Richmond home at the time of his death in 1835. The four-page list boasts stalwarts like Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations— offering direct evidence to a long-speculated SmithMarshall philosophical connection—and George

light was seeing the impact they had on the living family members of those who were enslaved. If we can do similarly through the VMHC and the JMC and make these documents available to the public, we will all gain a deeper understanding of Chief Justice Marshall in his time and place and America in that same time and place. And that would be a tremendous benefit to us all.”

Tucker’s Blackstone’s Commentaries alongside

Stribling also hopes to find living descendants of those

a few surprises like Jefferson’s Correspondences

on the list of 64 names. To that end, he volunteers

and The American Temperance Society.

with the Afro American Historical Association of

12 | Virginia History & Culture

Fauquier County (AAHA), a non-profit organization

The sketch is the only known image of an individual

dedicated to genealogy, historic preservation, and

enslaved by Marshall and was drawn by one of the

giving voice to the black experience in Fauquier.

many Marshall grandchildren she helped raise.

Most recently Stribling entered data from the county’s 1860 census, the “Distribution of Slaves.” The

DONORS TO JMC’S COLLECTION OF

AAHA’s “Know Their Names” project has researched

HISTORICAL PAPERS AND ARTIFACTS, 2006–2015

and developed more than 30 datasets that store information from primary sources such as wills, land records, marriage licenses, receipts, and inventories.

The VMHC awarded the AAHA a 2022 Commonwealth

Elenor Douthat James R. Green Ralph Higgins

The Hon. John M. Marshall Marshall Taylor

History Fund grant to integrate their data and to research and document the names on the list of 64.

The John Marshall Historical Collection’s foundation, of

This partnership will help guide the processing of

course, is the VMHC’s existing John Marshall material,

Stribling’s items as well as others in the collection

which includes 35 Marshall manuscripts and what are

that relate to slavery, such as a sketch of Agnes

thought to be the first two items in the VMHC’s nearly

Spurlock, Robin Spurlock’s daughter, part of the

200-year-old collection: Marshall’s two-volume The Life

JMC’s collection of more than 250 documents.

of George Washington, presented by “the Author” himself

John Marshall’s estate account ledger, 1835, Gift of James C. Stribling (VMHC Collection).

VirginiaHistory.org | 13

(1832). In addition to paper items, the collection features the James Reid Lambdin Marshall portrait painted from life (1832) and Marshall’s desk (1780–1805).

The three sets—Stribling’s, VMHC’s, and JMC’s—now come together as one, a crucial addition to the wider John Marshall archive and a vital resource for researchers and students of all ages. The collection, which contains more than 300 digital assets and more than 20 artifacts, is navigable through the VMHC Library Catalog, as well as through a tailored, user-centric research guide hosted on VMHC’s website. The VMHC is actively seeking Marshall related documents and material artifacts to expand its current holdings, creating a resource that is among the preeminent, essential repositories for understanding Marshall’s life and legacy.

Support the John Marshall Historical Collection by making a monetary gift or by donating historical items.

Learn more at VirginiaHistory.org/MarshallCollection

14 | Virginia History & Culture

John Marshall’s slant-front desk, about 1780–1805, Gift of Edna V. Moffet (VMHC Collection).

The Life of George Washington by John Marshall, 1805, Gift of Ralph Higgins (VMHC Collection).

GIFT H STORY

THE OFFICIAL 2023 VIRGINIA HISTORY ORNAMENT This year’s Official 2023 Virginia History Christmas Ornament features a whimsical, holiday interpretation of the Capitol of Virginia, an historic structure located in Richmond, Virginia, depicted here in gingerbread, icing, and candy. The real Capitol of Virginia has been home to the Virginia General Assembly

since 1788. The central portion of its current structure was built using plans provided

by Virginian Thomas Jefferson, who took inspiration for the design from the Maison Carrée, an ancient Roman temple in Nîmes, France, that he observed while serving as United States Minister to France in 1785.

ShopVirginiaHistory.org

GIVE MEMBERSHIP

MEMBER

VMHC members receive free museum admission and 10% off purchases in the Museum Store and Café all year.

VirginiaHistory.org/GiftMembership VirginiaHistory.org | 15

UPCOMING EVENTS LECTURES FAMILY PROGRAMS First Fridays at the VMHC The museum stays open late for this family-friendly event. Enjoy free admission to the galleries, specials in the Café, access to food trucks, live music, and family-centered activities.

First Friday each month 5:00 pm to 8:00 pm

SPECIAL EVENTS

Washington’s Marines: The Origins of the Corps and the American Revolution, 1775–1777

by Maj. Gen. Jason Q. Bohm Oct. 24 12:00 pm

Plain Paths and Dividing Lines: Navigating Native Land and Water in the SeventeenthCentury Chesapeake

by Jessica Lauren Taylor Nov. 30 12:00 pm

American Visions: The United States, 1800–1860

“In a Constitutional Way”: Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, and the Meaning of a Loyal Opposition

by Edward L. Ayers Nov. 8 6:00 pm

by John A. Ragosta Dec. 14 12:00 pm

Legacy of Black Astronauts with Leland Melvin & Dr. Robert Satcher Oct. 25 6:00 pm

Collections Up Close — V is for Virginia: The Commonwealth in World War II Nov. 18 10:30 am

MEMBER ONLY Curator Conversations (Virtual) Topics vary by date Oct. 9 & Dec. 4 10:00 am

Apollo Member Tours Join VMHC curators for a guided tour of the exhibition before it closes December 31, 2023.

Dec. 6, 13, 20 10:30 am

Virginia Journeys Day trips occur throughout the year, see our website for details on upcoming trips!

Visit VirginiaHistory.org/Calendar to register and view all of our upcoming events!

16 | Virginia History & Culture

FEATURED EVENTS

History Matters Symposium

Kids will enjoy crafts, games, free museum admission and, of course, their fair share of treats at this inaugural community event!

Oct. 27 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm

Join the VMHC on November 4 for the inaugural History Matters Symposium, an event featuring a full day of engaging presentations that highlight groundbreaking research into Virginia history around the theme of “Discovery.”

Nov. 4 9:30 am

Virginia House Holiday Open House

Marshall Scholar Series: Richard Haass

Spend time exploring the historic Virginia House and gardens decorated for the holidays, and enjoy VMHC curated holiday activities.

Dec. 17 12:00 pm

Dr. Richard Haass, diplomat and renowned policymaker, will discuss his most recent book, The Bill of Obligations: The Ten Habits of Good Citizens, a provocative guide to how we must re-envision citizenship if American democracy is to survive.

Jan. 17 6:00 pm

Halloween Trunk or Treat

VirginiaHistory.org | 17

LELAND MELVIN: A VIRGINIA LIVING LEGEND

18 | Virginia History & Culture

Astronauts Charles O. Hobaugh (left), Leland Melvin (middle), and Robert L. Satcher Jr. (right) get ready for a space walk, 2009 (Courtesy of NASA’s Johnson’s Space Center).

– Leland Melvin

B

“

“

At a young age I felt a strong connection to science that was fueled by my parents, teachers, and community that believed in me. I could not have imagined that as both a Langley engineer and an astronaut that I would be a part of that storied space legacy.

orn and raised in Lynchburg, Virginia, Leland Melvin would take a nontraditional, yet nonetheless inspirational journey to the stars. His perseverance over decades would take

him into space twice and secure his place in Virginia history.

In 1982, Leland attended the University of Richmond on a football scholarship, coupling a chemistry major with time on the field as a wide receiver with the Spiders football team. He excelled in both the classroom and on the field. As of 1986, he wasn’t set to pursue a career in spaceflight, or even science. Instead, he was drafted by the Detroit Lions of the National Football League, after winning attention for coming first on the University of Richmond’s career lists with 198 receptions for 2,669 yards. But then a hamstring injury threatened to end his professional football career before it had even started.

Leland Melvin, athlete and student, circa 1982 (Courtesy of University of Richmond).

Undeterred, Leland took off to Dallas to rescue his NFL career with the Cowboys. At the same time, he had begun in the University of Virginia’s graduate program in materials science.

VirginiaHistory.org | 19

Once more, Leland found himself coupling days

Eager to get “off-planet getting my orbital shift on”,

of practice with nights spent catching up on classes

Leland was eager for his first day of spacewalk training

recorded on video tapes. Leland even converted the

in NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory at the Johnson

Cowboys’ playbook into electronic flashcards with

Space Center in Houston, Texas. Keenly aware that

programming know-how picked up in an introduction

astronaut culture was, as another Virginian – writer

to engineering program taken in high school.

Tom Wolfe – put it, divided into those who have the

While they worked for Leland and got the job done,

“right stuff” and those who don’t, Leland was ready to

the cards didn’t catch on with his teammates.

impress, as he had always been as a football player.

Five months before their

Setbacks have punctuated

first game, Leland was

Leland’s life, as has the

practicing with quarterback

grace with which he

Danny White, when head

navigated them. Owing

coach Tom Landry walked

to a missing piece of

onto the field. White

Styrofoam in his helmet

changed the play and

known as a Valsalva

sent Leland deep, and

device, that helps a diver

Leland felt a familiar pain,

clear their ears, Leland

as his hamstring burned

came out of the diving

and he came to a sudden

pool with severe bilateral

halt. Within a week, he was in Charlottesville.

By 1991, Leland had

Astronauts Robert Satcher (left), Barry Wilmore (middle), and Leland Melvin (right), await the start of a mock-up training session at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, 2009 (Courtesy of NASA’s Johnson’s Space Center).

his master’s degree in hand. From Charlottesville, the next stop was Hampton, Virginia. Leland pursued an opportunity to work in NASA’s Langley Research Center and was hired as an engineer specializing in fiber optic sensors for aerospace vehicles. During his time there, he led the

hearing loss. It was another unexpected and disappointing halt, and Leland was left wondering if he would be able to

recover and claim his time in space. Relegated to earthbound assignments, Leland remained to support his fellow astronauts. In time, he recovered partial hearing and, with it, his eligibility for space travel.

Vehicle Health Monitoring team for the X-33 Reusable

2003 brought calamity to NASA and the nation.

Launch Vehicle program and co-designed and

The Columbia space shuttle disintegrated during

monitored construction of a facility for the production

reentry into the Earth’s atmosphere, and Leland

of fiber optic sensors. When a colleague suggested

lost several friends, including mission specialist

he apply to NASA’s astronaut program, Leland’s first

Dave Brown. Leland spent the night of the disaster

reaction was to laugh, but his interest was piqued, and

with Brown’s father, who expressed his desire that

he applied for the class of 1998. Poked and prodded

it would be an even greater loss if the accident put

by physicians, and grilled and interviewed by NASA

an end to the nation’s desire to explore space.

veterans and former astronauts, Leland came out on top after an extensive and intensive process. He came to be part of the one percent – only 25 out of 2,500 astronauts were accepted to the astronaut corps.

20 | Virginia History & Culture

Missions to space continued, and Leland would make his first spaceflight aboard the shuttle Atlantis in February 2008, for a 13-day mission in which he would participate in robotic operations to install

Today, Leland’s educational mission continues.

Still based in Lynchburg, he is often called upon

by NASA, the White House, and others, to bring his unique story, skill, and motivation to millions of people. He is an ardent champion of S.T.E.M. and the study of history. Leland is serving as VMHC’s ambassador in 2023 as part of the museum’s marquee exhibition Apollo: When We Went to The Moon.

Leland Melvin signing merchandise at Chasing Space Lecture at VMHC, 2023.

– Leland Melvin

“

“

It is an honor to collaborate with the VMHC, to share my science and engineering journey, orbital perspective and encourage young Virginians to be the next generation of explorers.

the European Space Agency’s Columbus laboratory module on the International Space Station. A second expedition to space came in November 2009, again aboard Atlantis. This time, an 11-day mission to install two external carriers for payloads onto the station, with Leland painstakingly operating the shuttle’s robotic arm.

Notably, this mission included Dr. Robert L. “Bobby” Satcher, a Black astronaut and orthopedic surgeon, who conducted two spacewalks totaling more than 12 hours.

With Bobby and Leland together, the flight marked the first time two African Americans flew in space together.

NASA quickly recognized Leland’s passion for engaging others, particularly students, with spaceflight and the study of space. Since he flew on his two missions, he has held significant roles in NASA’s Educator

LEGACY OF BLACK ASTRONAUTS Featuring Leland Melvin & Robert L. Satcher Co-hosted by the University of Richmond

Astronaut Program and its Office of Education. He

October 25 | 6:00 pm

has traveled the nation speaking to educators and

Join the University of Richmond and the

students about both the individual and communal benefits of science and spaceflight. And, while brainpower figures highly into scientific endeavors, Leland has never stopped emphasizing the value of sport as an integral part of learning and education.

For all the setbacks Leland encountered throughout his career, he has always persevered,

Virginia Museum of History & Culture for an evening conversation with Virginia astronauts Leland D. Melvin and Dr. Robert L. Satcher, who will discuss the past, present, and future contributions of Black astronauts to human space flight.

Get tickets at VirginiaHistory.org/Astronauts

and done so with great humility.

VirginiaHistory.org | 21

THE MONROE DOCTRINE AT 200

22 | Virginia History & Culture

The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 (Courtesy of National Archives).

J

ames Monroe fought in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. He nearly died of wounds at the battle of Trenton in 1776. He also was active in government for forty years. Before

becoming the fifth president, Monroe had served as a senator, governor of Virginia, foreign minister, and secretary of both state and war.

Considered the last member of the “Virginia Dynasty,” he was elected to the presidency twice—the second time unopposed. Those eight years (1817–1825) became known as the “Era of Good Feeling,” when many Americans prospered and six states were added to the union.

This year marks the 200th anniversary of the foreign policy position established by Monroe that viewed European intervention in the Western Hemisphere as potentially hostile to the wellbeing of the United States. Fearful that intemperate European monarchs might attempt recolonization of Latin American nations or establish puppet monarchs, Monroe warned European powers not to interfere in the Americas. Liberal democracy, he proclaimed, would be the only political system allowed in the hemisphere. Monroe’s doctrine has endured as central to American foreign policy up to the present.

Portrait of James Monroe by James A. Bogle, 1840–59 (VMHC Collection).

VirginiaHistory.org | 23

The doctrine (not known as the Monroe Doctrine until the

This idea was not new. Alexander Hamilton had predicted

1850s) was actually written by the president’s secretary of

in the Federalist Papers that the United States would

state John Quincy Adams. It was embedded in Monroe’s

become the dominant power in the “New World” and

seventh annual message to Congress (December 1823)

would intervene should distant powers threaten emerging

as a 1,000-word conclusion. Adams, the son of President

neighbors. President George Washington famously

John Adams, had spent much of his life in Europe and

championed U.S. avoidance of foreign entanglements in

was as fearful as Monroe of the monarchies there. But

Europe and he expected reciprocity. Instability in Europe

Monroe had been contemplating the stance he would

prompted President Thomas Jefferson and his secretary

take for at least two years, as

of state James Madison

a letter of 1821 (now in the

to reiterate Hamilton’s

VMHC collection) reveals.

warning; they advised

In that correspondence to a

European ambassadors

friend and adviser in Staunton,

that the U.S. would

Judge Archibald Stuart, the

oppose any future

president shared his concerns

colonization efforts

over foreign affairs—his worry

in North America. A

about Europe’s “hereditary

decade later, Monroe

monarchs.” Consequently, he

codified the U.S. stance

would be sure “to see the coast

in a formal document.

fortified, the navy augmented…,

The Monroe Doctrine

the military academy prepared.”

begins by explaining

Two years later, Monroe

that the Russian Imperial

was ready to take a bolder

Government had

stance and issue a warning.

recently raised the issue

Much had happened in the

of colonization, as it

Americas following the end

sought “to arrange by

of the Napoleonic Wars in

amicable negotiation

1815. In particular, the Spanish empire in the New World had broken apart. Between

the respective rights Letter from James Monroe to Archibald Stuart, May 27, 1821 (VMHC Collection).

1816 and 1819, Argentina,

and interests of the two nations on the northwest coast of this continent.”

Chile, and Venezuela won their independence and

Monroe ended that prospect quickly: “the American

U.S. recognition. In 1822, the Monroe administration

continents . . . are henceforth not to be considered as

recognized Columbia and Mexico. When Prussia,

subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”

Austria, and Russia formed what they called the “Holy

He declared “that we should consider any attempt on

Alliance” to defend monarchism, and France and Spain

their part to extend their system to any portion of this

were contemplating war with the new republics in the

hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.”

western hemisphere, Monroe and Adams were agitated.

To remind Congress that recolonization of the South

They saw their country as both a model for—and the

American countries was a current threat, Monroe noted

protector of—the new Latin American republics.

that “the late events in Spain and Portugal [revolutions to establish monarchies] show that Europe is still unsettled.”

24 | Virginia History & Culture

– James Monroe, December 2, 1823

“

“

The American continents . . . are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . . . We should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.

He concluded that Americans must act in self-defense:

At the end of the century, when the United States

“It is unnecessary to treat here of the vast improvement

emerged as a world power with a navy, its involvement

made . . . by the adoption of [our] Constitution and

in Central and South America only increased. When

of its happy effect in elevating the character and in

the British clashed with the Venezuelan government in a

protecting the rights of the nation as well as individuals.

border dispute in 1895–96, President Grover Cleveland’s

To what, then, do we owe these blessings? It is known

secretary of state Richard Olney argued that the Monroe

to all that we derive them from the excellence of our

Doctrine provided the U.S. sufficient authority to mediate.

institutions. Ought we not, then, to adopt every measure

Three years later, the doctrine was again cited, to justify

which may be necessary to perpetuate them?”

the Spanish-American War when it supported Cuba in

In 1823, only a military power like the British navy could

its struggle for independence from Spain. Eight years

enforce such a policy. Fortunately for Monroe, Britain was more than eager to deter European encroachment

later, in 1903, this presumed right to intervene allowed President Theodore Roosevelt to acquire the Panama

in Latin America out of fear that its own New World

Canal Zone by dissuading Colombia from interfering.

trade would suffer. Indeed, it was the power of this

In 1904, Roosevelt put forward the “Roosevelt Corollary”

fleet that allowed Britain to occupy the Falkland Islands off the coast of South America unopposed in 1833.

The Monroe Doctrine would be revived by future presidents. In 1842, John Tyler, emboldened by the doctrine, warned Britain not to interfere in Hawaii, and in that way began the annexation of Hawaii.

that called for U.S. intervention as an “international police power” to resolve crises. Such intervention had already happened in 1902–3, when European creditors threatened action to collect massive debts in Venezuela. It would happen again when the interests of U.S companies, such as United Fruit, were at stake.

In 1845 and again in 1848, James K. Polk dissuaded Britain and Spain from colonizing in Oregon, California, or Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula. Such footholds, he warned, would interfere with the “Manifest Destiny” of U.S. western expansion.

In 1865, the U.S. invoked the doctrine to justify the overthrow of a puppet emperor in Mexico, Maximilian, placed on its throne by the French. The U.S. maintained a troop presence on the Rio Grande River (established during the Civil War) and exerted diplomatic pressure in support of Mexican President Benito Juárez, successfully negating French intervention.

“Give it another twist, Grover—we’re all with you!,” John S. Pughe (Courtesy of Library of Congress).

VirginiaHistory.org | 25

The Roosevelt Corollary became associated with his

established a naval and air quarantine of Cuba that

statement “talk softly but carry a big stick,” and it proved

forced the Soviet Union to back down and withdraw.

to be the most significant amendment to the original Monroe Doctrine. The U.S. employed the doctrine to send U.S. Marines into Santo Domingo in 1904, into Nicaragua in 1911, and into Haiti in 1915. Latin American nations mostly resented those interventions, and relations with the U.S. became strained.

More recently, Robert Gates, who directed the Central Intelligence Agency from 1986 to 1993, cited the Monroe Doctrine as justification for the U.S. intervention in Nicaragua that attempted to overthrow its socialist regime (known as the “Iran-Contra Affair,” 1985–86). Gates wrote that inaction would have

In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt announced a

been “totally to abandon the Monroe Doctrine.”

“Good Neighbor Policy”—the United States would

Conversely, in 2013, Secretary of State John Kerry

attempt to formulate its Latin American policy in

attempted to abandon the policy when he notified the

consultation with its neighbors. Those efforts led to

OAS that “the era of the Monroe Doctrine is over.”

the creation in 1948 of the 35-member Organization of American States. The U.S. did not relinquish its proprietary claims to Latin America because its national security remained tied there, as was proven in 1954 when Secretary of State John Foster Dulles denounced the insertion of Soviet communism into Guatemala, and again in 1962 when the Soviet Union began building missile-launching sites in Cuba. In response to the latter, President John F. Kennedy, supported by the OAS,

The Monroe Doctrine, for which the fifth president of the United States is best known, has driven U.S. foreign relations in the Americas since its inception, and politicians continue to invoke it in policy initiatives.

Ironically, even as the doctrine was employed in efforts to ensure U.S. national security, its invocation expanded the scope of U.S. foreign relations to encompass repeated interventions in Central and South America.

An early 20th century American cartoon on the Monroe Doctrine, about 1900. (Courtesy of Sarin Images/Granger).

26 | Virginia History & Culture

RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS AT THE VIRGINIA MUSEUM OF HISTORY & CULTURE

T

he Virginia Museum of History & Culture’s

Most scholars who have benefited from access to the

research fellowship program promotes the

VMHC’s collections come from leading universities

interpretation of Virginia history and facilitates

and colleges across the United States. Awardees

access to the VMHC’s collections. Since 1988,

are university faculty, graduate students working on

generous gifts from individuals and a major grant

Ph.D. dissertations, independent historians, and artist

from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation have funded

practitioners. The VMHC confers awards based on

this vibrant and competitive program, allowing

a candidate’s scholarly qualifications, the academic

scholars to investigate the VMHC’s unrivaled paper-

merits of their proposals, and the appropriateness of

based collection of rare books, journals, manuscripts,

their topics in relation to the VMHC’s collections.

maps, broadsides, newspapers, and sheet music.

For the 2023 academic year, the VMHC will host and

Building off a period of remarkable growth for the

support nineteen research fellows, including visiting

VMHC’s collections between the 1960s and 1970s, the

scholars from Harvard University, Louisiana State

program paralleled the development of the VMHC’s

University, University of California-Santa Barbara,

publication agenda and cemented the museum’s

University of Edinburgh, University of Pennsylvania,

position as a beacon of scholarship in Virginia,

University of Virginia, and Wake Forest University.

Southern, and American history. In 35 years, the VMHC research fellowship program has subsidized the research of nearly 800 scholars—a dramatic investment in the study and preservation of our history.

The VMHC, with its renowned E. Claiborne Robins, Jr. Research Library, is a must-visit repository for scholars exploring all aspects of Virginia history. The VMHC’s collection of nearly nine million items, representing Virginia’s and the nation’s ever-evolving story, is a wealth of essential source material necessary to producing cutting-edge scholarship. Through books, articles (with many fellows publishing in the VMHC’s own Virginia Magazine of History & Biography), presentations, and public history work, researchers disseminate the VMHC’s integral collections to historians, students, and publics across the globe.

2024 fellowship applications are now being accepted!

Learn more at VirginiaHistory.org/MellonFellows

Dr. James Brookes is VMHC’s Melanie Trent De Schutter Library Director. His first connection to the VMHC was through a Mellon Fellowship, which he conducted as part of his Ph.D. at the University of Nottingham.

VirginiaHistory.org | 27

NEWS & NOTES Virginia Museum of History & Culture Receives National Award of Excellence The American Association of State and Local History (AASLH), the leading national association of history museums and organizations, recently awarded the Virginia Museum of History & Culture its highest honor. The Award of Excellence is AASLH’s most prestigious recognition for achievement in the preservation of state and local history. The VMHC is among just 51 organizations, out of America’s more than 20,000 history institutions, and the only museum in Virginia to be recognized in 2023.

The VMHC was nominated, and ultimately selected for this special honor, for its historic renovation and reimagination completed in early 2022. The most significant architectural and programmatic overhaul in the museum’s nearly 200-year history, its History Matters campaign and initiative was designed to help the VMHC better welcome and reflect all Virginians, and to be the history museum Virginia needs, and all Virginians deserve.

The Center for Interactive Learning and Collaboration awards the Virginia Museum of History & Culture the 2023 Pinnacle Award The Virginia Museum of History & Culture’s HistoryConnects program received the 2022–23 Pinnacle Award from The Center for Interactive Learning and Collaboration, a leader in distance learning.

HistoryConnects is a virtual learning program for K-12 students and adult audiences.

Each program in HistoryConnects’ catalog of more than 20 offerings has been designed to be student-centered and foster curiosity in the classroom. With experienced educators and engaging digital content, HistoryConnects programs utilize primary sources from the vast collection of the Virginia Museum of History & Culture to tell the story of Virginia.

These programs are designed to reinforce both national and state standards of learning to meet the needs of any classroom or school.

Each year, CILC recognizes content providers for their “Programs of Distinction,” which is determined by the outstanding ratings they received on evaluations submitted by the educators and activity directors who have participated in live virtual field trips. The VMHC has been recognized by CILC every year with this award since 2013.

28 | Virginia History & Culture

ANNUAL REPORT–FISCAL YEAR 2023 REVENUE & SUPPORT

Contributions, Membership, & Donor Support ������������������������������������� $6,110,056 Earned Income & Other ��������������������������� $1,772,546 Support From Endowment ������������������������ $2,732,662 Total Revenue ������������������������������������$10,615,264

EXPENSES

Collections, Exhibitions, & Research ���������� $2,536,323 Guest Engagement, Communications, & Community Outreach ��������������������������� $2,624,061 Advancement �������������������������������������������� $745,411 Administration & Operations �������������������� $4,357,388 Total Expenses ����������������������������������� $10,263,183 Based on Fiscal Year 2023, unaudited operating results; intended only as estimates for purposes of an annual overview.

261M+ media impressions

819k website visits

7

including Pulitzer Prize-winning historian, Stacey Schiff

FACEBOOK INSTAGRAM X/TWITTER

27.6K

15.5K 20.5K

State of the Museum

$2,536,323

$2,624,061

American Democracy Exhibition Guided Tours Apollo: When We Went to the Moon Exhibition Preview Day Corporate Member Reception Apollo: When We Went the Moon Museum Gala

BECOMING CITIZENS

FRONT LAWN FUN

HOMESCHOOL OPEN HOUSE

STORIES AT THE MUSEUM

Collections, Exhibitions, & Research

Guest Engagement, Communications & Community Outreach

JULY 4TH NATURALIZATION CEREMONY

TEACHER INSTITUTES

$4,357,388

$745,411

IN-PERSON AND VIRTUAL PROGRAMS

MEET THE MUSEUM HIGHLIGHT TOURS

Administration & Operations

Advancement

J. Harvie Wilkinson, Jr. Lecture

Curator Conversations

22

$1,772,546

Spring Garden Party at Virginia House

Virginia Magazine of History & Biography

lectures

Earned Income & Other

Hazel and Fulton Chauncey Lecture

PUBLICATIONS

$6,110,056

$2,732,662

Member Mondays at Virginia House

Virginia Journeys Travel Program

Virginia History & Culture Magazine

Support From Endowment

MEMBER-ONLY EVENTS Stuart G. Christian, Jr. Lecture

Holiday Reception at Virginia House

Contributions, Membership, & Donor Support

FIRST FRIDAYS AT THE VMHC POCAHONTAS REFRAMED FILM FESTIVAL RICHMOND PHILHARMONIC

NATIONAL DAY OF RACIAL NEIGHBORHOOD NATURE WALKS HEALING COLLECTIONS UP CLOSE BREWHAHA CREATED EQUAL FILM SERIES

HISTORY NOTES

VIRGINIA DISTILLED

VIRGINIA HISTORY DAY

MEMORY WARS PODCAST

CHASING SPACE LECTURE

MOVIE MYTHBUSTING

PROFS & PINTS

VIRGINIA VINES

STARGAZING AT VIRGINIA HOUSE

PARTNERS Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society Greater Richmond Asian American Society of Central Virginia Boys and Girls Club of Richmond Teen Center Chamber RVA Coming Together Virginia Cristo Rey Diversity Richmond Girls for A Change Greater Richmond Partnership Hear2Hear Initiatives of Change League of Women Voters Links Incorporated MCV Foundation National History Academy Office of New Virginians and ReEstablish Richmond Radio IQ Richmond Region Tourism Rock Castle Alumni Group Soul Skol The Community Foundation Virginia Opera Virginia Tribal Education Consortium WHRO Public Media VirginiaHistory.org | 29

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS FISCAL YEAR 2023

We gratefully acknowledge the support of all donors to the Virginia Museum of History & Culture. Donors with cumulative giving of $250 or more during our most recent fiscal year 2023 (July 2022 – June 2023) are recognized below. Donor-advised funds of the Community Foundation for a greater Richmond are indicated by (*). Deceased donors are indicated by (^).

Elizabeth D. Camp and Ruth

$100,000+

$50,000 – $99,999

Barbara J. Thalhimer and

Contance and Linwood

Altria Group

Blandford Rees Foundation

William B. Thalhimer,

Lacy and Constance

Camp Campbell Foundation

Boeing Company

Mr. and Mrs. Austin

Jr. Family Fund*

C. and Linwood A.

Charles and Sally Chadbourn

Lacy, Jr. Foundation

Louise B. Cochrane

Mr. and Mrs. Harry F. Byrd, III

Brockenbrough III and

TowneBank

Mary Louise Chrisman

Brockenbrough Family Fund*

Whiting-Turner Contracting

Charitable Trust Mary Louise Chrisman Family Trust Community Foundation for a greater Richmond Farrell Family and Anne Garland Farrell

Chesapeake Corporation Foundation Fund* Melanie Trent De Schutter and Melanie Trent Family Foundation Estate of Frances Jobson Francis

Peter and Christie Farrell

Halsey Family and Brenton and

Genan Foundation and

Lindsay Halsey Family Fund*

Anne Rowell Worrell^ Goode Family Foundation and

Huntington Ingalls Industries Loupassi Family

David, Susan, Christina,

McGuireWoods LLP

and Martha Goode

Katherine and Jack Nelson

Google Data Centers Nancy and Bruce Gottwald Herndon Foundation Katherine N. and Steven A. Markel and Steve and Kathie Markel Family Fund* G. Gilmer^ and Charlotte Minor National Endowment for the Humanities Norfolk Southern William and Ann Oppenhimer Performance Food Group Virginia Sargeant Reynolds Foundation Mr. and Mrs. E. Claiborne Robins, Jr. Pamela K. and William A. Royall, Jr.^ Mr. and Mrs. Gerald F. Smith, Jr. Bob and Lynn Taylor Virginia’s American Revolution 250th Commission Weinstein Properties Estate of Mary and Hugh White Estate of Helen Cody Wright

Anne Mullen Orrell Charitable Trust Mary Tennant Bryan Perkins and C.D.L. and M.T.B. Perkins Fund* Riverside Health System Sentara Healthcare

Company $10,000 - $24,999 A. Marshall Acuff, Jr. H. Furlong Baldwin and Summerfield Baldwin, Jr. Foundation Mr. and Mrs. David Beran Laura H. Boland Brockenbrough Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Cabell and Robert G. Cabell III and Maude Morgan Cabell Foundation Carilion Clinic Charles Fund, Inc. Warren Fulton Chauncey Aggie and Richard Cullen and Cullen Family Fund* Mr. and Mrs. William C. Davis George D. Dill Family

$25,000 – $49,999

Foundation

American Electric Power

Betty Ann Dillon^

Foundation Atlantic Union Bank Stewart^ and Lissy Bryan CultureWorks, Inc. Florence Bryan Fowlkes and Florence Bryan Fowlkes Fund* Conrad Mercer Hall and Shearwater Foundation, Inc. Russell and Susan Harper Kiwi and Landon Hilliard and Hilliard Family DAF Mr. and Mrs. P. William Moore, Jr. Moses D. Nunnally, Jr. Charitable Trust Pam and Bill O’Connor R.E.B. Foundation*

Margaret Massie Disharoon Charitable Lead Trust The Hon. and Mrs. Paul D. Fraim Louise and George Freeman Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Gottwald Katharine T. Gray and Katharine Taylor Gray Fund* Hamilton Beach Brands, Inc.

Massey Foundation Matthew and Genevieve Mezzanotte Foundation, Bank of America, N.A., Trustee Charles Stewart Mott Foundation Jennifer and Edward Mullen

and Oakenwold Fund*

Anne Carter and Walter R.

Garner, Jr. and Dr. and

Robins, Jr. Foundation

Mrs. William V. Garner

Mr. and Mrs. James E. Rogers

Robert and Lynne Glasser

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M.

G. Slater, Jr. Slatten-MacDonald Fund* Mr. and Mrs. W. Ware Smith, Jr.

Goddard and Stephen M. and Cheryl G. Goddard Family Fund*

Helen Marie Taylor Trust

Hamilton Family Foundation

Thompson Hospitality

Emily S. and Coleman A.

Corporation

Hunter Charitable Trust

Universal Leaf Foundation

Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP

Mr. and Mrs. J. Latané

Kip Kephart Foundation

Ware, Jr. and Ware

Donald E. King

Charitable Account Fund

Mars Foundation

Washington Gas

MCV Foundation

René Wenleder

Pate and William H. Mears

G. Michael Wildasin

Sonya S. Moore

The Hon. and Mrs. Glenn

Gen. and Mrs. Richard B. Myers

Youngkin and Suzanne

NewMarket Corporation

and Glenn Youngkin

Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd U. Noland

Fund of DonorsTrust $5,000 - $9,999 Elizabeth and Thomas Allen and Clovelly Foundation H. Armfield and William J. Armfield, IV Nongrantor Charitable Lead Annuity Trust

James A. Hixon

Judy and Bill Boland

Estate of The Rev. W. Pegram

Mr. and Mrs. J. Read Branch, Jr., JR and JD Branch Family

Bob and Melinda Sledd

General and Mrs.

Fund, and Overton and

Vickie and Tom Snead

John P. Jumper

Katharine Dennis Fund Dr. and Mrs. Donald S. Brown

30 | Virginia History & Culture

Heywood Fralin Family of Harry Frazier, III Carolyn H. and Thomas F.

DonorsTrust, Inc.

Johnson III, Ph.D.

Mr. and Mrs. W.

Helen and Taylor Reveley

Jane H. Armfield and Jane

Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Hines

Lead Annuity Trust Joanie Eiland and Randy Laird

National Counseling Group

Thomas P. Hand and Katharine and Eugene Hickok

Charitable Foundation E. B. Duff Charitable

III and Noland Foundation Kevin and Theresa Osborne Peachtree House Foundation Donald Pomplun Baron P. Schwartz and Dr. Lynn Rainville and Schwartz Rainville Fund George P. Ramsey III Society of the Cincinnati in the State of Virginia Truist Jim and Bobbie Ukrop and Barbara B. and James E. Ukrop Fund*

Universal Leaf Tobacco Company, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. J. Tracy Walker IV Wall Foundation Linda M. Warren

Dr. and Mrs. John Manzari and Sharon L. and Jack A. Manzari Fund

Neil and Amishi Amin

Dorothy Moore^, Kathleen Markowitz, John and Diana

$2,500 – $4,999

Markowitz, Dr. William T. and

Dr. Makola M. Abdullah and

Dorothy D. Moore Family

Dr. Ahkinyala Cobb-Abdullah

Charitable Endowment*,

John B. Adams, Jr.

and Thomas M. Moore

Appalachian Power

Charitable Endowment*

Wendy and John Asbury and John and Wendy Asbury Fund

Cynthia Advani Marshall Mr. and Mrs. Gregory

Edward L. Ayers

Evers May and May

Susan S. Bogese

Charitable Fund

Margaret and Al Broaddus Barbara Brown

The Hon. Elizabeth A. McClanahan

Dr. Tamara Charity-Brown

Lynne McClendon

and Carlos M. Brown

Robert N. McKenney

Melody Barnes and Marland Buckner and Marguerite

Dr. Jan Meck J. Clifford Miller, III, Cliff

Casey Foundation

Miller Family Endowment,

Mr. and Mrs. Robert

and Miller Family Fund*

E. L. deButts

National Society Daughters

Carolyn Eddy

of Colonial Wars, Inc.

Estes Express Lines of Richmond

Karen Palen and J. John Palen

Fran Zemmel and

Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Posey

Clifford B. Fleet III Flying Fish Carol and Carter Fox

and Richard and Ann Posey Charitable Gift Fund Mr. and Mrs. Theodore W.

and Carol and Carter

Price and T. H. and N.

Fox Family Fund*

H. Price Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. William

Patti Pusey and Paul H.

H. Fralin, Jr.

Pusey Foundation

Page S. Frischkorn

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Reedy

Mr. and Mrs. William

and TNJR Charitable Fund

H. Goodwin, Jr. and

Martha L. Robertson

Commonwealth Foundations

William and Elizabeth Seegar

Helen I. Graham Charitable Foundation Betsy and Jim Greene and

Dr. Ilse Snoeks and Dr. Jan Gheuens Marcia and Harry Thalhimer

Jim and Betsy Greene

Dr. Clarence Thomas

Charitable Fund

Trolley Hospitality Companies

Martha E. Grover and

Mr. and Mrs. Larry Wetsel

Estes Foundation

Dr. David C. Whitehead

Victoria D. and Drew Alan Harker

The Hon. and Mrs. J. Harvie Wilkinson III

Nell R. Haseltine

Mary and Fritz Will

The Hon. C. N. Jenkins, Jr.

Fielding L. Williams, Jr.

and Pamela Royal Jenkins

Jane and Blair Wimbush

Mr. and Mrs. Edward Jennings

and Blair and Jane

and Franklin P. and Arthur W. Perdue Foundation, Inc. Kiwanis Club of Richmond

Cindi and Jeff Allen Altria Group

Wimbush Fund Suzanne Wren and J. Thomas Wren

James W. Klaus

$1,000 – $2,499

Susan B. Kremer

Joni Albrecht

Mary and Ted Linhart

George F. Albright, Jr. Cindi and Jeff Allen

Mr. and Mrs. S. Wyndham

Mr. and Mrs. James E. Crinkley, Jr.

James C. Ingram and Constance Pechura and

Ronald A. and Betty

James Ingram Fund*

Neal Crutcher

Irongate Capital Advisors

Mr. and Mrs. John R. Curtis, Jr.

Dr. and Mrs. Charles M. James

Sherrie and Gary Armstrong

Cary F. Dabney

JMJ Corporation

Mr. and Mrs. Frank B. Atkinson

Anna Noel Damerel

John Marshall Center

Carl Avers

Mr. and Mrs. Robert

for Constitutional

Anderson

Mr. and Mrs. Arthur

E. L. deButts, Jr.

Backstrom, Jr.

Betty Layne Des Portes

Robin D. Baliles

Mary Ann DeTrana

Tinky Scott and Tod Balsbaugh

Mary Ellen Donaghy

Lisa Barker

W. Birch Douglass III

Mr. and Mrs. Gary A. Barranger

Jo Anne Draucker and

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Batten, Jr. Richard L. Beadles and

Jim Thompson Ammon G. Dunton, Jr.

History and Civics Mr. and Mrs. F. Claiborne Johnston, Jr. Col. Kristen Raines and Maj. Gen. Stephen L. Jones Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Joynes and Ralph C. and Roxanna E. Joynes Fund

Richard and Juanita

Virginia Edmunds

Mrs. Alex J. Kay, Jr.

Beadles Family Fund*

Electrosonic, Inc.

Keiter

Richmond, Va., Branch of the

Deborah and John Kemper

Mr. and Mrs. Tim Beane Cabell Birdsong

English-Speaking Union

and Kemper Family Fund*

Patricia S. Bliley

Richard P. Evans

Ann and John Kilian

Jamie and Emily Bosket

Robert C. Farmer

Dana Dunbar King

Burgess Burn Bradshaw and

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Ferguson

Nancy F. Klaus

Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey B. Ferrill

Philip W. Klaus, Jr. and Sandra

Melville Foundation Victor and Michele Branch

Patty and Stan Florer

Caroline Y. Brandt

Charles K. and May H. Fox

Keane Hollomon Britton

John H. Frischkorn

Joan P. Brock and

Palmer and Douglas Garson

Brock Foundation

General Society of

Kathleen Brower and

Colonial Wars

R. Keith Brower

Mr. and Mrs. L.

Mr. and Mrs. Orran L. Brown and Mr. and Mrs. Orran L. Brown Fund The Rev. and Mrs. Wm. Hill Brown, III Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Burrus, Jr. Byrd Family Foundation

Meriwether German Joyce S. and William R. Gibbings

L. Mihaloff and Nathalie L. Klaus Charitable Lead Trust Susan L. Klaus and Nathalie L. Klaus Charitable Lead Trust Andi and Greg Kuhn James and Sandra Lamberti and Lamberti Family Fund Richard A. Lawson Anna and Thomas Lawson Charlotte and Ronald Lively

Mrs. Martin L. Giles and Martin

Mr. and Mrs. Henry P. Long, Jr.

L. and Patricia H. Giles Fund*

Mr. and Mrs. John A. Luke, Jr.

Michelle Gluck and John McGurl and Michelle Gluck Fund

Mr. and Mrs. William T. Mace Mr. and Mrs. George W. Macon III Mr. and Mrs. Henry

Mr. and Mrs. Robert W.

Mr. and Mrs. Jim Green

Cabaniss III, James

Sandra G. Palkins and

M. Massie, Jr.

Cabaniss, and Cabaniss

William K. Grogan

Carol A. McCoy

Family Charitable Fund*

Patricia W. Hackler, Ed. D.

Jeanette and Nicholas

Bryan Hagen

Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. McDaniel

Margaret C. Hager and

Eileen M. McDermott

and Nick Cadwallender

John H. and Margaret

John Lee McElroy, Jr.

Charitable Fund

C. Hager Fund*

Elizabeth and Joseph

Cadwallender and Jeanette

Brian M. Cann and Constance

F. C. Wilson and E. D. Heuer

McGowan

S. and Lawrence B. Cann,

Mrs. William M. Hill

Mary Richie McGuire

Jr. Memorial Fund

Helen Horwitz

Ethel L. Mezger

Joann and Victor O. Cardwell

Jane Hotchkiss

Dr. Linda Karen Miller

J. P. Causey, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Dick Howard

The Hon. William C. Mims

Cavalier Land, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Keith A. Hubbard

Phyllis A. Moore

Catherine R. Claiborne

Mr. and Mrs. John Huber

Mr. and Mrs. Gordon C. Morse

Mr. and Mrs. Herbert

Mr. and Mrs. J. Randolph

Mutual Assurance Society

A. Claiborne III

Hutcheson

of Virginia Fund*

VirginiaHistory.org | 31

National Society of the Colonial Dames Nikki Nicholau Mrs. Ronald Olton^ Beth and Marshall Orr and Elizabeth P. and S. Marshall Orr Family Fund* John R. Orrock Emily J. Ott Owens and Minor, Inc. Larry and Cindy Palmer The Rev. Caroline S. Parkinson Mary S. Petersen Patsy K. Pettus Peyton Society of Virginia Jacquelyn H. Pogue Mrs. Fred G. Pollard Mr. and Mrs. R. Gregory Porter III Mr. and Mrs. E. Bryson Powell Anna and Joe L. Powers, Jr. Carolyn B. Pulliam and Walter M. Pulliam, Jr. Leslie M. Randall, MD MAS and Paul H. Atterbury, USMC Ret. Clyde and Carolyn Ratcliffe Mr. and Mrs. James C. Redford, Jr. Katherine G. Remick Dr. and Mrs. James T. Rhodes Xavier R. Richardson Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Riopelle Alice and Ed Rivas Paul D. Ross, Jr. Patti Ryan and Pete Wagner and Robert E. McConnell Foundation Kathryn and W. Harry Schwarzschild Fund

Ellen E. Spong and Augustus C. Epps, Jr.

Robin Brewster and Victor Smith Natalie Brown and Vaughan

Virginia H. Spratley

W. Brown Family Foundation

Jane R. Stafford Mr. and Mrs. Glenn R. Moore, Conni and Sid Stern, and Stern Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. George

Rita Stone Leila C. Taaffe and Arthur Kellermann

E. Calvert, Jr. Mrs. Randolph B. Cardozo Rejena G. Carreras

R. Neil Hening

Mr. and Mrs. Timothy L. McHugh

Hereditary Order of

Joyce and F. Brian McNeil

Descendants of

Kathie and Robert Menuet

Colonial Governors

Patricia Merrill

Stephen A. Herman

Corell and Thurston Moore

Mr. and Mrs. Richard

Mr. and Mrs. Marshall

E. Hickman, Jr. Caroline Hunton High Mary Buford and Frederick P. Hitz and Bocock/Hitz Fund Mr. and Mrs. W. Barry Hofheimer

N. Morton and Morton Family Fund* Museum District Association Jane W. Nelson Mr. and Mrs. John F. Newsom III

Dr. and Mrs. C. Kent Titus

Valerie D. and Miles Cary, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Todd

Thomas B. Childers

Jean and David Holman

W. Kemp Norman, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas

Kim C. Clements

Mrs. A. Linwood Holton, Jr.^

Kathryn Gray and Alex

H. Tullidge, Jr. and

James O. Cobb

Marion and Guy Horsley

Tullidge Family Fund*

Matthew L. Cushman

Mr. and Mrs. Richard

Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Turnbull Dr. and Mrs. Roger H. Tutton Jayne and Bobby Ukrop

W. Davenport, Jr.

William Huneke

Ashley Power O’Connor

Mr. and Mrs. Leland T. James

Order of First Families

Mrs. Huntley G. Davenport,

Mr. and Mrs. Salvatore

Davenport, Sr. Fund*

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Jefferson III

William Martin Davenport, Jr.

Mrs. Wilbur L. Jenkins, Jr.

Winfred O. Ward

Steven C. Deal

Barbara Worrell Jessup

Mrs. J. Latané Ware

Dr. Georgean deBlois

Jewish Women’s Club

John Warkentin

and Dr. Mark deBlois

of Richmond

Kenan and Brisco White, III

The Hon. H. Benson Dendy III

Mr. and Mrs. W. Reed Johnson

and Good Shepherd Fund

Descendants of the Signers

Elizabeth S. Johnston

Anne M. Whittemore

of the Declaration of

and Elizabeth Johnston

Mr. and Mrs. Ronald

Independence

Charitable Fund

A. Williams, Sr.

Diversity Richmond

Dr. and Mrs. J. Kipling Jones

Isabella G. Witt

Robert V. Doggett, Jr.

Vivian Keasler

Woman’s Club of Richmond

Lemuel L. Doss III

Katherine Coker Kehoe

Joyce and Bill Wooldridge

E. A. Holsten, Inc.

Joseph M. Kelleher, Jr.

Edward A. Wyatt V

Brenda Gayle Epperson

Elizabeth and Dale Kostelny

Elizabeth Wyatt

Maureen D. Field

Ann and Steve Kramer

Thomas Zarges

Dianne and James Forsythe

Bonita Krochmal

$500 - $999

Irene Frey

Dr. Nelson D. Lankford

Mr. and Mrs. William

Margaret Talley Lee

William Allcott Anne Cary Allen and Mrs. Anne

and Gilbert and Judy

Ralph Ashton

Shelton Charitable Fund

Ann M. Askew Elizabeth E. Askew

Chericoke Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. David S. Bankos

Richard Slatten Endowment

Mr. and Mrs. John L. Barnes, Jr. Joanne Barreca

Evalane Slaughter

John Batzel

Rita M. Smith

Dr. Mary Lynn Bayliss and

Sarah M. Smith

Dr. John Temple Bayliss Marty and John Beall Kimberly Vullo and Paul Benson

Mr. and Mrs. Jack Spain, Jr.

Blackwell Family Association

Jane Bassett Spilman

Dr. William E. Blake, Jr. McGuire Boyd

32 | Virginia History & Culture

Nyerges Charitable Fund Robert O. Oakes

L. Hubbard

Sr. and Mrs. Huntley G.

J. Vitale, Jr.

Nyerges and Gray/

Mr. and Mrs. Bradfute

Margaret and Massie Valentine

Mary S. and Jonathan Arnold

in the State of Virginia

J. Bugg, Jr.

Barbara Basl Stokey

Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert L. Shelton

Society of Colonial Wars

Mr. and Mrs. William Paige and Henry Butler

Cary Allen Charitable Fund

For Virginia History*

Charles F. Bryan, Jr.

Mary Elizabeth Stewart

Mr. and Mrs. Marc B. Sharp

Alice H. Siegel and

Carolyn M.^ and Dr.

Mr. and Mrs. Larry E. Harrison

Childs Gay Amy Marschean and Paul Gilding

Mrs. Edward Legum and Edward and Ruth Legum Family Fund

A. G. Goodykoontz

Dr. and Mrs. Michael Lenhart

Dr. Katherine L. Smallwood

John R. and Molly W. Lewis

and Dr. Robert B. Gottschalk Denys Grant and Grace Mortimer Mary Frances R. Gravitt Johnny and Shannon Grymes

Mr. and Mrs. James F. Lipscomb, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. S. William Livingston, Jr. David and Patricia Lyons

Sandra and Ted Guarriello

Alastair S. Macdonald

David W. Haines

The Hon. and Mrs.

Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Hall, Jr. Kevin and Tina Hallock Terri Halperin and Alexander L. Wolman Anne C. Hamlett

Everett A. Martin, Jr. Martha A. Martin Mr. and Mrs. Van McAdoo Mr. and Mrs. William C. McAllister

of Virginia Dr. and Mrs. Alan M. Padgett Mr. and Mrs. David L. Peebles and Peninsula Community Foundation of Virginia Courtney Pelley Perkins Law Col. James G. Perlmutter Mr. and Mrs. Joe Perszyk Mr. and Mrs. George G. Phillips, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. James N. Plotkin The Hon. and Mrs. Oliver A. Pollard, Jr. and The Hon. and Mrs. Oliver A. Pollard, Jr. Fund* Robert Dean Pope Margaret Anne and Patrick Powers Bruce A. Ragsdale C. Andrew Ramstetter Julia E. Randle Marika A. Rawles Mr. and Mrs. Brewster S. Rawls Robin D. Ray Edward H. Rinaca Maria Wornom Rippe The Hon. and Mrs. Charles S. Robb Patricia L. Rose Andrew Sanders Robert S. Schmidt and Melanie Bolling Karren E. Scott Susan Bailey Scott and Susan Bailey and Sidney Buford Scott Endowment Trust

Mr. and Mrs. Greg Sekelsky

Dr. and Mrs. Alfred Beck

Susan and Richard Cocke

Robert M. Gaura

Dr. and Mrs. Steven Linas

Michele and Evan Settle

Karin Benoit

Turner F. Cole

Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Giles

Megan R. and Christopher

Cmdr. and Mrs. Stuart

Mr. and Mrs. Alexander

Valerie Coleman

Mr. and Mrs. Theodore

W. Settle, Jr.

B. Berry III

Mr. and Mrs. Alan Colker

H. Goldberg

D. Lloyd Elizabeth Terry Long

Mr. and Mrs. J. Timothy Sexton

Mr. and Mrs. R. Crist Berry

Marcia and James Collier

Dr. Joel M. Gottlieb

Eddie A. Shelton, Jr.

Col. R. N. Bierly

Mrs. Douglas W. Conner

Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Gray

Dr. Lee C. Sheppard, Jr.

Cary W. Blankenship, Ph.D.

Catherine and Ernie Connon

Lt. Col. Thomas Greco

Elaine W. Loomis

Annette R. Sherman

Jeanne and Deane Blythe

Terrie Conrad

William L. Gregg

Laura L. and Steven Lott

J. Kelly Shirley

Catherine A. Boe

Susan C. Coogan

Grier Family Foundation, Inc.

Katherine C. Lowden

Mr. and Mrs. E. Lee Showalter

Canan K. and James

Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Crone

H. Mark Groth

Kirk and Sarah Ludwig

Ralph R. Crosby, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Peter Dun Grover

Frederic Lyon

Anne Gordon Curran

Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H. Hall

Mr. and Mrs. Charles

Maria Curran

Jenean Hall

Mr. and Mrs. Clifford

Mr. and Mrs. G.

Mr. and Mrs. John Shugars Philippa Stairs Mr. and Mrs. Jimmy Stanley Judith Forehand Starkey

N. Boomer Mr. and Mrs. Eugene G. Bowles, Jr. Ruth Ann and John H. Bowman

Bernard Hamilton

and Elizabeth T. Long Charitable Giving Fund

G. Mackall, Jr. Kathleen H. MacKay Mr. and Mrs. Richard

Mrs. Paul Boyan

A. Cutchins IV and

Mr. and Mrs. Edward B. Suplee

Margaret and Ronald Brand

Cutchins Family Fund*

Mr. and Mrs. Lee Sutphin

Mr. and Mrs. George P. Brandel

G. Sanford Dallas

Jean C. Harrell

Mr. and Mrs. John Magill

Harry T. Taliaferro III

Dr. Richard Bream

Elizabeth Daly

Michael S. Harris

George Marion

Carol Tanner

Julia and James Brebner

Elizabeth A. Darling

Jane and Jim Hartough

Mr. and Mrs. Frank Massey

Dr. and Mrs. Ashby B. Taylor III

Amy L. Breedlove

Mr. and Mrs. James C. Darling

Mr. and Mrs. Steve Haut

Phyllis T. McCafferty

Mr. and Mrs. W. McIlwaine

David G. Brickley

Quincy C. Davis

Dr. and Mrs. Walter

Col. N. Turk McCleskey and

Amber Brister

Barbara and H. Talmage Day

Ukrop/First Market Foundation

Meredith Broadbent

Dr. Gene Deisinger

J. Gordon Valentine

Mr. and Mrs. Peter E.

Mr. and Mrs. David Dickson

Mr. and Mrs. Robert

Broadbent, Jr.

Bob and Diana Donnelly

Mr. and Mrs. R. Page Henley, Jr.

William G. Broaddus

Anthony D. Draper and

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Hill

and James Starkey

Thompson

J. Van Sickle Mr. and Mrs. John W.

Aurelia Brown^

Sarah A. Karluk

Suzanne E. Harley

P. Hempfling Dr. June S. Henderson and Dr. Cliff Henderson

and Norcross Fund Foundation for Historic

B. Madden

Mrs. Maryann Kaminsky Mary K. McDonald Dr. Anne H. McElroy and John L. McElroy III Mr. and Mrs. J. Thomas McGrath Arthur E. McLauchlan, Jr.

Dr. Beverly Louise Brown

Heather and Tim Dudley

Harriett Waldrop

Mr. and Mrs. J. Howe Brown

Jane M. and Tim Elder

Christ Church, Inc.

Mary S. Johnson and

Donna and Robert Brown

Lyn and Tom Emory

History Matters, LLC

Brenda and C. Q. Meadows

Dr. Theodore C. Brown, Jr.

Annie Evans

Sam and Mary Hixon

Dr. Mark H. Merson and

Evelyn M. Bryson

Dr. Stephan Fafatas

Mr. and Mrs. John C. Hoggan

George P. Burgwyn

William A. Fastabend

Jane and Warren Hopkins

Bill Michie III

Kevin J. Burke and

Leigh Ann and Howard Feller

Chris and Beth Houlihan

Dr. and Mrs. Charles A. Miller

Annette Field

Jo Ann and Peter Howard

Dr. Randall M. Miller

Vaughan, Jr.

Marion Moncure Wall Dr. and Mrs. H. Hudnall Ware III Dr. and Mrs. H. George White, Jr.

Steven Browning

Lucy Meade

Patricia T. Merson

Sandra H. and Roger C. Wiley

Pamela and Richard Burke

Mary Ross Reed Fisher

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas N. Innes

Mr. and Mrs. John G. Milliken

Mr. and Mrs. Steven R. Williams

Ann and Phil Burks

Jennifer and Christopher

Tina Irwin

Jessica Mitchell

Terrell Williams

Carolyn and Brian Burns

Dr. Rose M. Isgrigg

Camilla H. Moffatt and

Kimberly J. Wilson

Heidi and Daniel Butler

$250 – $499 Wendy and Doug Albach Margaret L. Anthony Apostolic Christian Church Foundation Frazier and Brad Armstrong Addison D. Askew Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Askew J. Ballato Jane Banfield Dale F. Baronian Catherine and Douglas Barron Baskervill Mr. and Mrs. Aureliano Basso Anne Battle and Leonard Slater Anne M. Beals Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Sanford Beazley III

Gretchen C. Byrd Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Cabaniss, Jr. Susan Stevens and Temple Cabell Boyd Campbell and Margaret Kuhn Col. (Ret.) and Mrs. David K. Cannon

Flinchum Lt. Col. John B. Forsyth, USA, Ret. Meg and Andrew Foster

Ina M. and Gene A. James The Hon. and Mrs. James P. Jones

Capa Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Douglas D. Monroe III and Monroe

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Foukal

Sandra Jordan

Richard L. Fox and

Crawley F. Joyner III

Susan and Ken Moorman

Family Fund

Evelyn Kealey

Sara Moriarty

Nancy C. Frantel

Dr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Kent III

Martha F. Morris

Mr. and Mrs. David Frediani

Matthew Bulleit Kirby

Jenna and Donald E. Mosman

and David and Mary

Lisa and Scott Kirkpatrick

Brig. Gen. (Ret.) and Mrs.

Frediani Charitable Fund

George F. Knight

Owen C. Sharman

John W. Mountcastle

Jane H. Carlson

Anne Hobson Freeman

Elliott Krash

Richard Murad

Cartledge Foundation, Inc.

Karen S. Friend

Lisa Lackovitch

Mr. and Mrs. G.

Donna Case

Karena L. and Trenton

Rachel and Adam Landsee

Jacob M. Neff

Victor J. Galan

J. Patterson Lawson

Dr. Ann Nichols-Casebolt

Mr. and Mrs. George

Dr. and Mrs. John W. Lemza

Walker Noland

Alan L. Lengel and Dr.

Mr. and Mrs. Edward

L. Funkhouser

Kimberly Chen Michael B. Chesson Mr. and Mrs. Lech Choroszucha Col. and Mrs. Robert M. Clewell

Andrew Nea, Jr.

Matt Larsen

Dr. Carol Cash

P. Gardner, Sr. Mr. and Mrs. William

Pam R. Lengel

B. Norfleet, Sr.

R. Gardner, Jr.

VirginiaHistory.org | 33

Lou and Herbert Norton

Dr. Charol Shakeshaft

Helen and Chip Nunley

and Dr. Dale Mann

Dr. and Mrs. Joe H. Woody Mr. and Mrs. Mark S. Workman

Daughters of the American Revolution Museum Delta Kappa Gamma Society

University of North Carolina Press University of Oklahoma Press

Joe Obenshain

Janice D. Shaughnessy

Mrs. Henry A. Yancey, Jr.

John H. and Laura

Mr. and Mrs. Thaddeus

Cheri and Dan Yochelson

International, Virginia

University of Tennessee Press

Charles A. Zalesiak

State Organization,

University of Virginia Press

Beta Pi Chapter

Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

Burns OBrion

R. Shelly III

Dr. William L. Old III

Suzanne and Alec Silitch

Mr. and Mrs. Ken Oliver

David Silver

Claude and Lamar Owen

Colleen and Moffett Skinner

Irvin Owings III

Dr. Larissa M. Smith

Grayson and Sara Page

The Rev. Dr. W. Becket Soule

Mr. and Mrs. Neil Palmer

Dr. and Mrs. R.P. Sowers

Pamela G. Palmore

Alice Taylor Spilman

June M. Pankey

Nan and Bob Spinks

Joseph Papa and John-

Elizabeth Locke and

Stuart Fauquet

John Staelin

Elizabeth Jackson Parrish

Sarah Steenberge

Gay and Bob Pasley

Carl Steidtmann and

Sharon and Edson Pederson

Kathleen Cline

Donald Peebles

Lucinda Stine

Angelene Varick Pell

Ken Strafer

Paul Pelletier and

David H. Taylor

Kittygayle McMoon Elizabeth Outka and

John K. Taylor Francis and Sue Terminella

and Paris Ashton Gifts-in-Kind Glavé & Holmes Architecture Cynthia Advani Marshall and J. Emerson, Inc. Robins Cellars Vomela Commercial Group/C2 Imaging Matching Gift Companies Altria Group Dominion Foundation Matching Gift Program ExxonMobil Foundation Hamilton Beach Brands, Inc. Markel Corporation TowneBank Richmond U.S. Bank Foundation

Kevin and Kathy Dyer

Dale Cyrus Wheary

Ann Bradshaw Eley

Edward A. Wyatt

Andrew Foster Jean M. Frane Free Press Freedom Flag Foundation Floyd D. Gottwald, Jr.^ Robert Hall John J. Head Frances Henry History Press David L. Holmes and Carolyn C. Holmes Linda Janet Holmes Stuart McGuire Jordan T. Byron Kelly Michael Dyer Kirk

Sara Lee Thacker

Walt Disney Foundation

The Rev. and Mrs.^

Mary A. Thompson

DONORS OF COLLECTIONS

Jon Kukla

Grady W. Powell

Mr. and Mrs. Matthew

The VMHC is also grateful for

Keith E. Littlefield

those who donated collection

Liveright Publishing Corp.

items to the museum in our

Longleaf Services

most recent fiscal year 2023

Calder Loth

(July 2022 – June 2023).

Louisiana State University Press

Trip Pollard

Debbie and William Powers Preservation Virginia Mr. and Mrs. George T. F. Pugh

G. Thompson Mr. and Mrs. John W. Thornton, Jr.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert Purcell

John D. Trezise

Vicki and John Ralls

Carol and Albert Turner

Florence M. Reese

Stephanie Vale

Dr. and Mrs. Robert J. Resnick

The Hon. Laurance B. VanMeter

George S. Rich and George

Linda Vitek

S. Rich Family Foundation Diane E. and Rick Richardson, Jr.

Dr. and Mrs. White McKenzie Wallenborn Mike and Jan Ward

David Rieling

Mary and Douglas Waters

River Road Church, Baptist

Kathy and John Watkins

Mr. and Mrs. Frank G. Rizzo

Mr. and Mrs. Edwin W. Watson

Robbins Landscaping, Inc.

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen

Mr. and Mrs. Michael B. Rollston

H. Watts II Mr. and Mrs. Peter Way

Gerald D. Runkle

Mary Weiser

Robin Ryan

Minor T. Weisiger

Austin Tucker and

Mr. and Mrs. Hill B. Wellford, Jr.

William L. Sachs

Joan B. Wells

Jeffrey Sarmonis

Vincent C. West

Mr. and Mrs. Conrad

Ashlin and Wayne Wilbanks

F. Sauer IV

Gene C. Wilkinson

James M. Schnell

Gary M. Williams

Mr. and Mrs. R. Strother Scott

Mrs. E. Otto N. Williams, Jr.

and Massie Scott Fund* Dr. and Mrs. Robert B. Scott, Sr. Marian G. Selby Mr. and Mrs. William D. Selden

Suzanne Hall and Joseph G. Willis Sylvia Winterling and Jocelyne Winterling

34 | Virginia History & Culture

Donors to Library of Collections Daniel Alls Arcadia Publishing Kayleigh Barbee Sheridan R. Barringer Elizabeth Herring Baylor Denise B. Belthel Estate of Dale G. Blake Ralph and Lorraine Blankenbecler Bloomsbury Publishing, Inc. Joseph Lee Boyle Byrd Epes Crowder Breast W. Hamilton Bryson Daniel J. Burge Campbell Print Center Yvonne Johnson Carter Cartier & Beaufort Press Bana Weems Caskey Martha Claire Catlin William Caynor, Sr. Jim L. Claunch and Lora I. Claunch Ellen Clore William W. Cole Anna Noel Damerel

Nancy Weigle Kraus

Karine Maddox Ann P. McGee Mr. and Mrs. William H. Mears, Jr. Roger Addison Moore National Society of Colonial Dames and Trustees of Board of Friends of Sulgrave Manor Oxford University Press Palmetto Bluff Foundation, Inc. Eileen Parris Karen Polesky Princeton University Press Porter G. Raper Charlie D. Roberts Paulette Schwarting Jim Scott Karen Sherry Laverne Young Smith Smithsonian Institution Stackpole Books Laura Stoner Andrew Talkov Taubman Museum of Art Dr. Paul Michael Taylor Richard Torian U.S. National Park Service

Donors to Manuscripts Collection American Association of University Women M. Stuart Bateman Elizabeth Herring Baylor John Lawrence Brasher Bana Weems Caskey Betty DeLesDernier Tom Frawley Georgia Historical Society Sally Flournoy Gerhardt Ross Griffiths Dwight A. Grissom James Patrick Guy Marie Proeller Hueston Manassas Museum Read McGehee North Kingston Free Library Christopher V. Novelli Peyton Society of Virginia William M. S. Rasmussen James Redford Bob Rogers Brian Smith James Douglas Venable Dale Cyrus Wheary David White Martha Whitney Donors to Museum Collections Clay H. Barr, in memory of her mother Elise N. Hofheimer Elizabeth Herring Baylor Beta Pi chapter of the Virginia State Organization of the Delta Kappa Gamma Society International Melissa Bingmann, in memory of Dorothy Spickard Biddle Veronica A. Blanco Penny Blumenthal Clarke County Historical Society Timothy A. Crowder Jamison Davis Robert F. Diegelmann, PhD. and Lt. Col. Kevin R. Ward, MD Katherine S. Driggs

Robert and Lynne Glasser Gragnani Family, in memory of Anna Guarino Gragnani Vivian Gray, Hap Crater, and Walt Crater

Gary L. Darden

Dr. and Mrs. James T. Rhodes

Sommers

Norwood and Marguerite Davis

Scottie and Tom Slater

The Hon. John J. Davies III

Roxie and Mark White

Melanie Trent De Schutter

The Snead Family Foundation

I. B. Dent

Hugh R. Stallard

Latané Ware

Mrs. William F. Dillon, Jr.^

George W. G. Stoner^

Mrs. J. Latané Ware

W. Birch Douglass III

Ruth Stotts

Jo Anne Wade Draucker

Sallie and William B.

and Mrs. Margaret Moon In memory of Carolyn

Powers Family

M. Bryan

Llewellyn H. Hedgbeth, in

Catherine A. Boe

memory of her grandfather William L. Hedgbeth Ohio History Connection Patrick Patrong Kenna Lee Root Payne and John Sidney Payne, Richmond, VA C. Andrew Ramstetter Family of Gertrude Manry Reese, great-granddaughter of Col. amd Mrs. Fielding Jordan Mahone

In memory of Stuart G. Christian, Jr. George S. Rich In memory of Betty Ann Dillon Catherine A. Boe

Margaret M. Disharoon Charitable Lead Trust In memory of Mr. and Mrs.

In memory of Brenton

in memory of Captain

S. Halsey

Richard G. Stevens

Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt

Tribute Gifts In honor of the Blackwell Family 70th Reunion JoAnne Blackwell In honor of Catherine A. Boe Preservation Virginia Rita Stone In honor of Jamie O. Bosket Woman’s Club of Richmond In honor of Harry F. Byrd, III Elizabeth and Tom Allen In honor of Maggie Creech Jewish Women’s Club of Richmond In honor of Dr. Nelson D. Lankford Dr. Randall M. Miller In honor of Dr. Janice Meck Ashland Museum In honor of Charlotte and G. Gilmer Minor Salley Bagley In honor of Shirley Morris John Morris In honor of Wesley and Elise Wrights’ 65th anniversary Clay H. Barr In memory of William J. Armfield, IV Jane H. Armfield

Maureen and Ben Field^

Thalhimer, III

Women’s Club of Sandston

Frances Jobson Francis^

Stevenson T. Walker

Anne Hobson Freeman

Mr. and Mrs. John West III

Michelle Gluck and

Mary^ and Hugh White^

In memory of Hugh V. White, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Richard E. Posey In memory of Mary F. White In memory of Edward

Grier Family Foundation, Inc.

Richmond, VA

Taylor Ware

and Tom Disharoon

Ezma Lea King Stevens and

The Valentine Museum,

In memory of Stanley

Catherine A. Boe

Paul Livingston Grier

Jaye Day Trotter

In memory of James

In memory of Margie

Jim Scott VivianLea Stevens Solek,

In memory of Robin

L. Baliles

In memory of Gerald

Sanford Beazley III Catherine A. Boe Margaret and Al Broaddus Mr. and Mrs. Austin Brockenbrough III Ann Cornelson Teresa Darden Patricia Johnson Scottie and Tom Slater John K. Taylor Mr. and Mrs. Matthew G. Thompson Jayne and Bobby Ukrop Anne M. Whittemore In memory of Virginia Folks Lewis John R. and Molly W. Lewis

A. Wyatt, IV Edward A. Wyatt V Weddell Society We greatly appreciate the members of the Weddell Society for their foresight and generosity to include the VMHC in their estate plans.

John B. Adams, Jr. Elizabeth and Tom Allen The Hon. Gerald L. Baliles^ Norvell Barry Baugeard^ Juanita H.^ and Richard L. Beadles Caroline Y. Brandt Jane^ and Austin Brockenbrough III Dr. Donald S. and Beejay Brown Carolyn M.^ and Charles F. Bryan, Jr. Dr. Gene R. Carter Warren Fulton Chauncey Mary Louise Chrisman^

John McGurl

G. Michael Wildasin

C. Hobson Goddin

Mary and Fritz Will

Eugene Ellis Golden

Jane and Blair Wimbush

Mr. and Mrs.^ Conrad M. Hall

Helen Cody Wright^

Lindsay^ and Brenton S. Halsey^ Mr. and Mrs. G. Bernard Hamilton M. Buie Harwood R. Neil Hening Albert P. Hinckley, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Keith A. Hubbard The Rev. W. Pegram Johnson III, Ph.D.^ Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence A. Jones Richard Labunski Dr. Nelson D. Lankford Mrs. James T. Lyon Alastair S. Macdonald Justice Elizabeth A. McClanahan Jean Booth^ and Robert N. McKenney Rieman McNamara, Jr. Dr. Eddie N. Moore, Jr. William and Ann Oppenhimer Nicholas A. Pappas James H. Price III Taylor and Helen Reveley

In memory of Elizabeth Brown Pryor Dr. Beverly Louise Brown In memory of Charles L. Reed, Jr. Antiquarian Society of Richmond Catherine A. Boe Mr. and Mrs. Austin Brockenbrough III Lt. Col. and Mrs. Edwin C. Cox In memory of Harley

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To support ongoing efforts, visit VirginiaHistory.org/Give or give your donation in the included return envelope.

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