Charlot House Disaster Plan Share-Out by University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

JEAN & ZOHMAH CHARLOT RESIDENCE JUNE 2022

DISASTER PLAN SHARE-OUT

Prepared by: University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center Prepared for: Historic Hawai‘i Foundation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UHCDC would like to thank the Historic Hawai‘i Foundation and Executive Director Kiersten Faulkner for sponsoring this study. We would also like to recognize the generosity of our workshop participants who volunteered their time and expertise to support this effort. PROJECT TEAM Cathi Ho Schar FAIA, Asst. Professor, SOA; Director, UHCDC; Principal Investigator Karl Kim PhD, Professor, DURP; Director, NDPTC; Co-Investigator Wendy Meguro AIA, Assoc Prof, SOA & Sea Grant Colleges; Director, ERDL; Co-Investigator Rebecca Denzer, Research Associate, UHCDC Creesha Layaoen, Student assistant, UHCDC Megan Russell, Student assistant, UHCDC Kiana Dai, Student assistant, UHCDC Sequoia Riley, Graduate Assistant, NDPTC Jaeho Choi, Charlot House Caretaker; Graduate Assistant, NDPTC Keola Annino, Past Charlot House Caretaker

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary

2021 Assessment Report

Disaster Plan Process

Feedback Fire Risk Strategies

Hurricane Risk Strategies

Flood Risk Strategies

Excluded from Further Consideration

Final Share-Out

Disaster Plan

Strategies Matrix

On-Site Strategies

Conclusion

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Historic Hawai‘i Foundation partnered with the University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center (UHCDC) to prepare a Natural Disaster Preparation and Mitigation Plan for the historic Jean & Zohmah Charlot House. UHCDC hosted a workshop, comprised of three meetings, to gather expertise from across disciplines to evaluate different mitigation strategies for hurricane, flooding, and fire events that consider impacts on the house’s historical characteristics, among other factors. The first meeting introduced workshop participants to the objectives of this effort, to the house, and to the material compiled on this website. The second meeting asked participants to assess a short list of compiled strategies or propose new strategies to help frame the house’s Disaster Preparation and Mitigation Plan. The findings from the two workshop days were synthesized and presented at the third meeting. OBJECTIVES • Assess hazard mitigation and adaptation strategies for the house, relative to impacts on historic character, structure, cost, permits, insurance, or other factors. • Prioritize strategies for short, mid, and long term implementation. • Develop a Disaster Plan for the house based on collective input. Share as best practices. UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I COMMUNITY DESIGN CENTER (UHCDC) UHCDC is a collective of University of Hawai‘i faculty, staff, and allied professionals across university departments and disciplines, assisted by student interns and recent graduates. UHCDC provides a platform for collaboration on public interest built environment work.

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NATIONAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS TRAINING CENTER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I (NDTPC) The NDPTC works collaboratively to develop and deliver training and education on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery to governmental, tribal, territorial, non-profit and private partners integrating land use, infrastructure, urban planning, environmental management, and emerging technologies to build and sustain resilient communities. PROCESS UHCDC gathered a multi-disciplinary team including a partnership with the National Disaster Preparedness Training Center to develop and implement a disaster preparedness plan for the Charlot House. The team arrived at a disaster plan process that included six general steps: identify hazards, document historic character-defining features, document existing site vulnerabilities and opportunities, map hazards, review literature, compile strategies, and engage subject matter experts. Due to COVID-19, the team engaged subject matter experts through three virtual workshops. The team also developed an ArcGIS Storymap that compiled photos, 360 degree imagery, site plans, diagrams, maps, and resources to support this virtual format. The feedback gathered through these workshops informed the following disaster plan strategies organized according to short-term on-site strategies, mid-term on-site strategies, and long-term off-site strategies. Additional resources that accompany this report are available online in a resource list posted to the Charlot House Storymap website. The website can be accessed online at https://arcg. is/1TSGXz0.

OUTLINE OF DISASTER PLAN STRATEGIES Short Term/On-Site

Mid-Term On-Site

ASSESS THE PROPERTY AND TRANSFER RISK:

CONSTRUCT PROTECTIVE BARRIERS AND MECHANISMS:

• [High] Conduct house assessment(s) with an insurance agent and fire department to assess fire and flood risks. • [High] Conduct structural assessment(s) of house and canal retaining wall. • [High] Purchase recommended insurance (flood, hurricane).

• [High] Build a new wall around perimeter of the property, building off the preexisting canal retaining wall. • [High] Attain a structural assesment for an installation plan for hurricane screws and install the hurricane screws to brace the roof.

• [Moderate] Assess for flood gate/Quick Dam feasibility.

• [Moderate] Conduct an electrical assessment

ACQUIRE AND INSTALL PROTECTION MEASURES:

Long term/Off-Site

• [High] Purchase and store sandbags and train caretakers for deployment.

COLLABORATE WITH THE WAIALAE COUNTRY CLUB AND WITH NEIGHBORS TO INTEGRATE RETENTION BASIN TO PROTECT HOUSES AND GREENS:

• [High] Purchase and install window film. • [High] Purchase polycarbonate sheets and assess the house for pre-determined installation points. • [High] Purchase fire extinguishers and place them at appropriate intervals. • [Moderate] Consult with hurricane experts on feasibility of hurricane fabric and associated hardware.

• [Low] Collaborate with golf course on diverting stream water into golf course retention basin. • [Low] Work with policymakers on canal dredging policy.

• [Moderate] Purchase and store Quick Dam and train for deployment. ESTABLISH MAINTENANCE PLANS: • [High] Design emergency deployment plan, focusing on caretaker’s responsibilities and training for emergency situations and equipment maintenance. • [High] Design landscape maintenance plan including regular pruning, removing dead vegetation, and cleaning gutters. • [High] Outline a regular home maintenance plan to minimize clutter, storage of hazardous materials, and maintenance of vents. Charlot House Disaster Study | 6

2021 ASSESSMENT REPORT This process follows a previous 2021 assessment report that represented the perspectives of the 2019 Charlot House Summit participants consisting of planners, architects, art historians, archivists, scholars, students and preservationists. The report shares options and formulated short- and long-term use, maintenance, management, and programmatic futures for the Charlot House. This resource is can be accessed online via the Charlot House Storymap at https://arcg. is/1TSGXz0.

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2021 ASSESSMENT REPORT The report also reflects on the many milestones of Jean Charlot’s influence in Hawai‘i through his paintings, murals, prints, sketchbooks, and home, gifted to the University of Hawai‘i to preserve its cultural, educational, and architectural value in perpetuity.

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2021 ASSESSMENT REPORT This report includes an assessment matrix and a comparative cost-benefit analysis. It synthesizes the diverse ideas and perspectives of the summit participants, expressed as five, feasible alternative solutions to the administrative and economic challenges facing the Charlot House and the university. These alternatives included a place-based academic lab, a Jean Charlot Center, affordable faculty housing, status quo, and transfer ownership.

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2021 ASSESSMENT REPORT

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS

Disaster Plan Process

The Disaster Plan process, which could potentially serve as a template for other projects, followed six general steps: identify hazards, document historic elements, document existing site vulnerabilities and opportunities, map hazards, review literature, compile strategies, and engage subject matter experts.

Identify Hazards

Document Existing Site Vulnerabilities

Map Hazards

Prioritze hazards to address through focused review in subsequent steps.

Catalog historic features and their risk due to their associated location within the site. Capture 360 images to visualize entire site.

Study predictions of sea level rise, hurricane storm surge, wind direction, and

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understand frequency and severity of risks.

Review Literature and Compile Strategies

Engage Subject Matter Experts

Develop and Share Plan

Investigate resources from NPS, FEMA, LEED, and others to compile strategies to withstand hazards. Categorize them by short, mid and long term actions.

Facilitate workshops with experts in architecture, landscape architecture, insurance, historic preservation, engineering, and planning to weigh in on mitigation strategies.

After collecting and considering experts’ recommendations, share a plan with HHF on concrete short term action items and mid term/regional recommendations.

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 1: Identify Hazards The first step was to identify hazards that will affect the Charlot House. Under the advisement of Professor Wendy Meguro and Professor Karl Kim, the team identified three main hazards: fire, flood and wind/hurricane.

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 2a: Document existing historic character-defining features Historic features were documented throughout the Charlot House, both internally and externally. These elements range from paintings to sculptures and hand-painted tiles created by Jean Charlot himself. A more detailed list is in the historic inventory report completed in the Charlot House Baseline Documentation (November 2001).

Address marker tile, hand painted by Jean Charlot

Kitchen tile, hand painted by Jean Charlot

Hapu’u fern wall

Polynesian navigation tool by Jean Charlot

Unnamed fresco by Jean Charlot

Wooden casket by Jean Charlot

Fish garden sculpture by Jean Charlot

Outdoor furniture by various artists

Entry way stained glass, designed by Jean Charlot

Lanai tile, hand painted by Jean Charlot

Outdoor scultures by various artists

Natural rock basin

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Patio tile, hand painted by Jean Charlot

Masks, handmade and imported from Papua New Guinea

Bone Sculpture by unknown artist

“St Francis”, hand painted tile by Jean Charlot

Cantilevered staircase designed by Jean Charlot

Unnamed fresco by Jean Charlot

“Tropical Foliage” by Jean Charlot

Terracotta fireplace, handmade and imported from Mexico

“The Sacred Heart”, hand painted ceramic tile by Jean Charlot

Wooden clam shell garden sculpture by Jean Charlot

Chairs by Walter Lamb and original cantilevering table.

Green drum table by unknown artist Charlot House Disaster Study | 20

DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 2b: Document existing site vulnerabilities and opportunities The team created a series of drawings that highlighted the potential vulnerabilities in plan view, with site measurements that help define the magnitude of cost - such as linear feet for a new wall or water barrier or square feet of retention area.

POSSIBLE FLOOD BAGS LOCATIONS BRICK GARDEN EDGING

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 2c: Document the existing site For the existing home itself, we documented the location of fire alarms/smoke detectors, outdoor hoses, air condition and electrical panel that are shown in the photos above the floor plans.

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 2d: Document hazard elevations Design flood elevations were also documented to showcase base flood elevation based on a 1% annual chance flood hazard, a 1% annual coastal flood zone with 3.2 ft sea level rise, passive flooding from sea level rise, and storm surge inundation.

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 3: Map hazards For the third step, the team gathered various maps showing flooding within the vicinity of the Charlot House. These maps range from FEMA Flood Zones to 1% coastal flood zone, NOAA Sea Level Rise, Storm Surge Inundation during a Category 1 to Category 4 hurricane and PACIOOS Sea Level Rise.

FEMA FLOOD ZONES

STORM SURGE INUNDATION- CAT 1

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FEMA FLOOD ZONES

STORM SURGE INUNDATION- CAT 2

1% COASTAL FLOOD ZONE

NOAA SEA LEVEL RISE

STORM SURGE INUNDATION- CAT 3

STORM SURGE INUNDATION- CAT 4

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 3: Map hazards

PACIOOS SEA LEVEL RISE

SEA LEVEL RISE EXPOSURE AREA

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PASSIVE FLOODING

ANNUAL HIGH WAVE FLOODING

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 4: Review literature and compile strategies Prior to researching the individual strategies and products that may be implemented at the Charlot House, the team reviewed literature for disaster mitigation and postdisaster plans and guidelines.

Guidelines on Flood Adaptation for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings

Multi-Hazard Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan for the City & County of Honolulu

Multi-Hazard Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan

Jennifer Eggleston, Jennifer Parker, Jennifer Wellock

Department of Emergency Management. City & County of Honolulu

Martin & Chock, Inc.

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Homeowner’s Handbook to Prepare for Natural Hazards

Climate Adaptation and Resilience Across Scales: From Buildings to Cities

Installation of SDWC Structural Screw for Retrofit of Existing Double Wall Houses

Dennis J. Hwang, Darren K. Okimoto

Edited by Nicholas B. Rajkovich and Seth H. Holmes

University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant; Simpson Strong-Tie

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 4: Compile strategies in cut sheets Cut sheets outline general information about each strategy including the estimated cost, implementation time frame, impacts to the historic attributes, etc.

FIRE MITIGATION STRATEGY

Fire mitigation stratgies implement a variety of precautionary measures to protect a building from a potential fire. These strategies revolve around actions to decrease or prevent ignitions and to increase fire resistance of structures and infrastructure.

FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT

CLEAN GUTTERS

FIRE

When it comes to fire safety, being prepared is the first line of defense.

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY Have firefighting equipment available such as water hose, bucket, shovels, etc stored in the garage to help put out fires. Store flammable liquids and materials away from ignition sources.

Cost

> $100

Term

Required Alteration

Required Alteration No

Yes

Clean gutters regularly to prevent the build-up o flammable plant debris and vegetation.

Cost $0

Short-term

Storage

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY

Cleaning out the gutters reduces the odds of fires damaging or destroying homes.

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

Storage

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

No impact.

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Hazard Miti

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HURRICANE FABRIC WIND

Product:

Cost:

Source:

Link:

Product:

Cost:

Source:

Link:

AstroGuard 44 in x 72 in Hurricane Fabric AstroGuard 72 in x 132 in Hurricane Fabric AstroGuard 88 in x 156 Fabric $78

Home Depot

WIND MITIGATION STRATEGY

$223

Home Depot

$305

Home Depot

https://www.homedepot.com/p/AstroGuard- https://www.homedepot.com/p/AstroGuard- https://www.homedepot.c 44-in-x-72-in-Panel-of-Hybrid-Hurricane- 72-in-x-132-in-Panel-of-Hybrid-Hurricane- 88-in-x-156-in-Panel-of-H Fabric/HF4472/202222524 Fabric/HF72132/202222525 Fabric/HF88156/2022225

Wind mitigation strategies help homes withstand wind damage. These strategies involve specific design techniques or features to protect and prevent damage from high winds like those experienced during a hurricane. Hurricane fabrics protect against water, wind, and projectile damage.

Cost

$78 - $447 Not including shipping

Term

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY Use hurricane fabric to decelerate the velocity of objects thrown during a hurricane as it acts as a “net.” It is ready year-round with “roll-ups” fabrics for quick deployment. This will not prevent windows from breaking, but it will prevent objects from entering the house.

Short-term

AstroGuard 100 in x 204 in Hurricane Fabric

Required Alteration No

Storage Yes

Physical Barrier

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES No impact.

$447

Home Depot

AstroGuard 108 in x 100 in Hurricane Fabric $245

Home Depot

https://www.homedepot.com/p/AstroGuard- https://www.homedepot.com/p/AstroGuard100-in-x-204-in-Panel-of-Hybrid-Hurricane- 100-in-x-108-in-Panel-of-Hybrid-HurricaneFabric/HF100204 Fabric/HF100108

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Hazard Mitig

Hazard Mitigation Strategies | 53

TEMPORARY WATER FILLED BARRIERS FLOOD

Product:

water depth control up to 120”

water depth control up to 144”

water depth control u

Cost:

Source:

Link:

Aqua Dam Water-Filled Cofferdam

Dam-It Dams Water Inflated Cofferdams

$20/foot for shortest option @ 30” requires a quote $50/foot for tallest option @ 48” shortest option @ 12” tallest option @ 120”

FLOOD MITIGATION STRATEGY

Flood mitigation strategies are used to manage and control floodwater in floodprone areas. These strategies reduce the severity of flood damage to homes and properties when it occurs. The aim is to divert water away from the house or the property.

Aqua Dam Inc. https://www.aquadam.net/

Temporary water-filled barriers are designed to keep areas protected from flood water.

Cost

$9,000 - $12,000 Not including installation

Term

Short-term

Required Alteration No

Storage Yes

Physical Barrier

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https://damitdams.com/

Aqua-Barrier Water In

requires a quote shorest option @ 36” tallest option @ 96” HSI Services, Inc. https://aquabarrier.com/

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY Temporary water-filled barriers provide fast, effective relief for floods by controlling water to prevent flooding. They stretch across the site then inflate with water from the prospected dry area to create a dry working environment. Due to its liquid state and flexible material, these barriers conform to uneven ground conditions, forming a good seal at the bottom over most surfaces. When they are no longer need, they can be stored away. On-site requirements includes a portable pump and a local water supply.

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES No impact. Every foot of height requires approximately twice the width for the aqua dam. i.e. 5 feet of protection requires a dam that is 10 feet wide.

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Dam-It Dams, Inc.

Product:

Hazard Mitig

REMOVE DEAD VEGETATION

PRUNE TREES

COVER VENTS

FIRE

Product:

Cost:

Source:

Link:

Jackson Wire 1/8 in x 3 ft x 10 ft 27-Gauge Amagabeli 1/8 in x 3ft x 50 ft 27-Gauge Acorn International 1/8 in x 2 ft x 100 ft Hardward Cloth Galvanized Steel Hardware Cloth Galvanized Steel 27-Gauge Hardware Cloth Galvanized $63

$86

Walmart

$115

Amazon

Home Depot

https://www.walmart.com/ip/Jackson-Wire- https://www.amazon.com/Hardware- https://www.homedepot.com/p/Acorn11061615-Hardware-Cloth-1-8-Inch-By-1-8- Galvanized-Rolled-Large-Sized-Insects/dp/ International-1-8-in-x-2-ft-x-100-ft-27-GaugeInch-Mesh-36-Inch-By-10-Foot-Redi-Roll/ B07T82KFHM/ Hardware-Cloth-HC824100/309715862

Removing dead vegetation from trees reduces the risk of wildfires.

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY Remove all dead or dry vegetation (e.g. leaves) within ten feet of the house.

of Cost $0

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY

Trimming and pruning the trees reduces fire risk by removing excess material that could fuel flames.

Prune trees so the lowest limbs are approximately 15 feet above ground. Cut down shrubs and bushes as well. Thin trees so the crowns do not intersect. Each tree should have space between each other to reduce the risk of crown fire.

Cost $0

Term

Short-term

Required Alteration

Storage

No No

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY Cover vents with 1/16” to 1/8” metal mesh to prevent embers from entering through vents.

Term

Required Alteration No

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

No impact.

igation Strategies | 9

Cost

$63 - $115 Short-Term

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

Covering vents with a metal mesh resists intrusion of embers and flames.

Storage Yes

No impact.

Physical Barrier

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Hazard Mitigation Strategies | 11

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES Minor impact.

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INSTALL PLYWOOD AS A TEMPORARY COVERING

INSTALL HURRICANE SHUTTERS

INSTALL HURRICANE RESISTANT WINDOWS

INSTALL IMPACT-RESISTANT DOORS

WIND

in Hurricane

com/p/AstroGuardHybrid-Hurricane529

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Boarding up windows with plywood sheets can prevent debris entering homes during a storm.

Cost

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY Install plywood as a temporary covering over windows and doors during a storm.

1/2” x 4’ x 8’ = $30 3/4” x 4’ x 8’ = $40

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

Physical Barrier

$62/square foot Not including installation

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY Install hurricane windows which have a flexible membrane sandwiched between glass that prevents objects from entering the house.

Required Alteration

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

Storage

Significant impact.

Storage No

Physical Barrier

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Hazard Mitigation Strategies | 61

TEMPORARY WALLS

FLOOD

Product:

nflated Dams

Term

Required Alteration Yes

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES Significant impact.

Quick Dam Expanding Doorway Flood Barrier (25 in)

Product:

Quick Dam Expanding Doorway Flood Barrier (35 in)

Product:

Quick Dam Expanding Doorway Flood Barrier (45 in)

Cost:

”

$595

Term

Short-term

Required Alteration Potential

Storage Yes

Physical Barrier

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY

Cost:

Significant impact.

Physical Barrier

$516

Source:

Link:

https://www.homedepot.com/p/QuickDam-25-in-30-in-Expanding-DoorwayFlood-Barrier-QDFG25/312968689

Lowe’s

https://www.lowes.com/pd/QuickDam-35-in-L-x-2-5-in-W-Neoprene-FloodGate/1000736970

Product:

Cost:

Source:

Link:

Product:

Cost:

Source:

Link:

Demountable Flood Barriers

Quick Dams

$687

Source:

Hazard Mitigation Strategies | 63

$4000 per 50 linear ft (26.5 in height)

Cost:

Source:

Home Depot

Cost

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

Storage No

WaterGate

adjustable and expands to fit multiple adjustable and expands to fit multiple adjustable and expands to fit multiple doorway sizes from 25 in. to 30 in. doorway sizes from 35 in. to 40 in. doorway sizes from 45 in. to 50 in. flood protection up to 26” (H) flood protection up to 26” (H) flood protection up to 26” (H)

$516 - $687

$2,400 - $3,000 Not including installation

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FLOOD GATES

Flood gates block doorways from oncoming flood water.

Install impact-resistant doors that are designed to withstand heavy winds, rain, and impact from flying projectiles without succumbing to damage. The doors are designed with two layers of impact-resistant glass separated by a layer of plastic. If the outer layer of glass breaks upon impact, the glass will adhere to the inner plastic and continue protecting a home from the elements.

Cost

Mid-term

Required Alteration No

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY

Impact-resistant doors stay strong under the force of hurricane winds and flying debris.

Physical Barrier

up to 72”

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Cost

Term

Mid-term

No impact.

Hurricane resistant windows are made to break safely and survive through strong winds.

Mid-term

Term

Required Alteration No

Storage

Install hurricane shutters that are rated for wind borne debris loads. These shutters are built specifically to help guard windows against flying debris, strong winds, heavy rain, and other forces associated with a tropical storm.

Cost

Storm panel = $8/square foot Colonial-style = $7 - $17/square foot Accordian-style = $12 - $20/square foot Roll-down = $20 - $55/square foot Not including installation

Term

Short-term

Yes

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY

Hurricane shutters act as a barrier against strong winds, protecting windows and preventing debris from entering homes.

https://quickdams.com/index.php/ product/water-gate-ws/

Lowe’s

https://www.lowes.com/pd/QuickDam-45-in-L-x-2-5-in-W-Neoprene-FloodGate/1000732466 Interlocking flood walls. Source: Flood Control International.

Flood gates act as flood control devices that create a water-tight seal that prevents floodwater from entering through doorways and openings. These gates can be quickly deployed and installed in minutes. Multiple height and length options make it applicable to a wide range of flood risks and situations. The gates can be used in front of a door, window, garage, underground entrance, and more. When not in use, the gates are demountable and can be stored away in normal conditions.

Cost

$4,000+ Not including installation

Term

Short-term

Yes

No impact unless mounting requires alterations.

Physical Barrier

Aquawell

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES Temporary impact.

Rapidam Flexi

Requires Quote Aquobex

Hazard Mitigation Strategies | 35

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Requires Quote Aquobex

https://aquobex.com/products-list/ readyaquawell/

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http://www.floodcontrolinternational.us/ index.html

Requires Quote Flood Control International http://www.floodcontrolinternational.us/ index.html

DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION STRATEGY

Storage

Flood Control International

Inero Mobile Flood Barriers

Modular, lightweight and interlocking, these temporary flood walls provide a physical barrier to rising flood waters when necessary. Because they are modular, they can be easily configured to fit any perimeter shape and usually do not require any permanent fixtures to install. Temporary flood walls are affixed by water pressure.

Required Alteration

IMPACT ON HISTORIC ATTRIBUTES

Requires Quote

https://aquobex.com/products-list/ rapidam-flexi/

Rapidam Rigid Requires Quote Aquobex

https://aquobex.com/products-list/httpsaquobex-com-products-list-rapidam-rigid/

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DISASTER PLAN PROCESS Step 5: Engage subject matter experts

Workshop participants were invited from a variety A virtual storymap was created to compile the of subject areas. Participants represented the various Charlot House resources including following fields: strategy cut sheets, maps, elevations, and previous reports generated for the Charlot House. • Historic Preservation This served as a reference point for participants • Disaster Preparedness to access resources and to learn more about the • Architecture workshop. • Landscape Architecture • Engineering The storymap can be accessed online at https:// • Urban and Regional Planning arcg.is/1TSGXz0. • Insurance • Law

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WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

Lily Bui, PhD National Disaster Preparedness Training Center

William Chapman, PhD, UHM School of Architecture

Kiersten Faulkner, FAICP Historic Hawai‘i Foundation

Elizabeth Fischer, IAEM, APA, MSLA Hawai‘i Emergency Management Agency

Timothy Goshi Kai Hawai‘i

Dennis Hwang Office of O’Connor Playdon and Guben

Karl Kim, PhD UHM Department of Urban and Regional Planning, National Disaster Preparedness Training Center

Glenn Mason, FAIA MASON

Wendy Meguro, AIA UHM School of Architecture, Coastal Resilience Sustainability Team

Virginia Murison, AIA Historic Hawai‘i Foundation

Jim Newberry Island Insurance

Jenny Parker National Park Service

Daniele Spirandelli National Disaster Preparedness Training Center

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FEEDBACK: FIRE RISK STRATEGIES IN-HOME FIREFIGHTING AND PREVENTATIVE MEASURES

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Provide fire extinguishers throughout the house.

•

A fire extinguisher can be placed in each room of the house.

•

Properly train caretakers how and when to use various fire extinguishers.

•

Frequent causes of fire are from combustible materials. Provide safe storage for these materials.

Preventative measures to mitigate fire damage can be simple and low in cost. Training on how to use, and awareness of the location of various firefighting equipment and methods must be communicated to the house’s caretaker.

•

Minimize masses of clutter that could fuel a fire.

•

Minimizing fire risk can be a relatively low cost.

MAINTAINING LANDSCAPING

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Install gutter guards to prevent dry leaves from gathering. Flat guards will leave little to no visual impact to the home.

•

Who will be responsible for cleaning the gutters? Is this an expectation of the caretaker?

•

Trim and maintain shrubs and tree canopies to prevent the spread of fire between properties.

Fire sometimes spreads from one property to another through landscaping foliage. It is important to create a regular schedule to trim vegetation and prevent dry vegetation from accumulating.

•

Even though landscaping is part of the historic characteristic of the house, some trees should be removed because of their spread and proximity to neighboring homes and the Charlot House.

•

A maintenance plan and budget will be important in knowing who will maintain certain landscaping elements, and how often.

USE FIRE RETARDANT PAINTS

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

The house is due for repainting and could look into using fire retardant paint.

•

Paint may be on option for the exterior, and within the garage only.

•

The interior of the house is largely unpainted. This would not be a solution for most spaces of the house.

This option is only appropriate for previously painted surfaces that are being repainted, subject to review and approval by a historical architect. It is not appropriate for unpainted surfaces.

•

Intumescent paint would be a good option, but it is thick and fine textural details would be lost.

37 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

SHIELD CABLES AND WIRES

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

If the effort is already being made to shield existing cables, it may be prudent to upgrade the electrical wiring instead.

•

It is important to bring the electrical components up to code.

If the house has not yet been brought up to code, efforts may best be spent upgrading the electrical components instead.

PROTECT THE ROOF

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Preserve the visual characteristics of the historic roof: use the same roofing material and do not change the slope, parapet, etc.

•

Begin an assessment of the roof with an inspection for structure and if replacing existing materials with fire resistant alternatives is feasible.

Steps can be taken to increase the house’s fire resistance. The roof is an element that should be analyzed for multiple factors including material resilience as well as structural resilience.

DRIVEWAY ACCESSIBILITY / VIEW OF ADDRESS

PRIORITY: LOW

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Increase the current address label’s visibility from the main road.

•

Invite firefighters from the closest fire station to make them familiar with the location.

•

Firefighters can provide additional assessment of the property.

The property is located off of the main road. In case of an emergency, it is important for responders to know where the house is located. The fire department may also be willing to visit the property and provide an assessment.

INSTALL MULTIPLE WATER SOURCES

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Look first at using existing hose bibbs and hoses to reach all rooms of the house. If some rooms are not reachable with a standard hose, consider installing new hose bibbs to reach those rooms.

•

This is not an important factor. Firefighters have more efficient means of hosing down a property.

•

Consider having a pump on hand that can pump water from the canal.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 38

FEEDBACK: FIRE RISK STRATEGIES CONT’D COVER VENTS

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Periodically clean out stove, dryer, and other plumbing vents.

•

This should be done as typical home maintenance.

All participants felt that this is a typical home-owner’s responsibility that can reduce the risk of fire in the home.

39 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

FEEDBACK: HURRICANE RISK STRATEGIES HURRICANE INSURANCE

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Purchase hurricane insurance for the house.

Hurricane insurance should be purchased for the home. Transfer the risk.

HURRICANE SCREWS

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Conduct a structural assessment before installing ties.

•

Bring a contractor onboard for installation.

•

Hurricane ties are a must provided that the hardware does not disrupt the aesthetics. Conceal screws and paint ties to match.

•

Ensure that the lanai roofs and columns are tied together.

Installing hurricane screws would secure roofs to the vertical structures of the home. This strategy is cost effective and fast. It is recommended to bring in a professional for assessment and installation.

•

Protect all openings along the exterior walls.

•

The installation can be completed in a day or two. This is an easy stratregy to implement during re-roofing.

•

Installing ties would lower the insurance rate.

HURRICANE FABRIC

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Installation would require the permanent installation of clips/hooks to the exterior of the home, making a significant impact to the character of the home.

•

The fabric will be stored most of the time and will only be temporarily in place during a high wind event.

•

The fabric is time consuming to set up.

•

Consider a fabric/kevlar roll down for the section of stained glass.

Hurricane fabric requires pre-installation of permanent attachment points. Set up will be time consuming and may be difficult for a single caretaker to do especially with large windows. However, the fabric may be able to protect the home’s interior from major damage.

•

It should be noted that hurricane fabric does not protect the windows. It prevents objects from flying inside.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 40

FEEDBACK: HURRICANE RISK STRATEGIES CONT’D BRACE WALLS, ROOF, TRUSSES

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

There is not much room for shear walls and there may not be enough room for braces.

•

It is possible, but make sure the existing structure is sound.

•

The masonry walls are inherently robust and will perform better than a wood-frame equivalent.

An assessment of the structure is needed to determine if the house would benefit from added structure without detracting from the aesthetic quality of the house.

•

There may not be any trusses, so the existing roof members are braced by the roof planks.

INTERIOR FILM

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Find effective films that do not have a tint as it could affect the historic character.

•

Film can be an affordable mitigation strategy.

•

Film may not necessarily bring the house up to code, but some films are rated to pass small missile tests and some have worked well with HiEMA tests.

As long as the protective film does not change the aesthetics of the glass, it could be an affordable, and effective strategy that has been extensively tested.

INSTALL TEMPORARY PLYWOOD COVERING

PRIORITY: LOW

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Plywood would need to be purchased ahead of time and/or stored as preparation for a high wind event.

•

Plywood is heavy and would be difficult for a single caretaker to implement.

•

This would be a better choice in terms of not visually impacting the historic value of the house. The covering would protect the windows, lanai areas, and interior spaces.

The storage and weight of the plywood makes this strategy difficult to deploy. However, this method protects the glass and interior from impacts. Consider using polycarbonate as a lighter alternative to plywood.

•

Portions of the house with tall/wide windows may not be able to use plywood covering. An expert should be consulted to determine the exact thickness of plywood and screws to use for different window sizes.

•

Pre-established fastening locations can be determined.

•

Consider using polycarbonate sheets as a lighter alternative to plywood.

41 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

BACKUP GENERATOR

PRIORITY: LOW

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Why would the house need a back-up generator?

•

Consider battery back-up systems.

•

Requires a place to store.

•

UH facilities have generators that may be lent ahead of time in preparation for storm events. Prior coordination is required.

A backup generator may not be very helpful in minimizing hurricane damage, but will be helpful to the caretaker and other residents.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 42

FEEDBACK: FLOOD RISK STRATEGIES FLOOD INSURANCE

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Flood insurance is required for this house as it is located in a flood zone.

Flood insurance should be purchased for this property.

•

Consider that flooding can occur both from above and from below, such as through groundwater inundation.

FLOOD WALL- PREVENTING CANAL OVERTOPPING

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

It is a high priority to implement protection around the entire site.

•

If this involves raising the existing wall along the canal, it may become complicated. There must be an assessment of the existing wall to understand its engineered resistance and construction

•

It would prevent high velocity flooding from the canal, but would not prevent groundwater inundation.

The installation of a flood wall can be effective and may be a worthwhile investment. Consider installing the flood wall along the sides of the house and using a temporary wall along the canal and driveway to minimize visual impacts.

•

There would need to be a structural post every three feet or so apart. This would have a significant impact on the historical property.

RELOCATE/ELEVATE UTITILIES TO A HIGHER ELEVATION

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

The water heater could be placed on a structure to raise it higher.

•

It is not feasible to relocate all utility conduits.

It is possible to elevate all utilities, but it will be expensive and challenging.

•

Additional structural members may be required to support equipment.

FLOOD GATES

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Flood gates may be a useful strategy.

•

Will these be temporarily deployed? If not, they will detract significantly from the aesthetics of the house.

Installing flood gates could be a very effective strategy.

•

Consider the hydrostatic forces on the framing. WIll the structure hold up to the forces?

43 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

TEMPORARY FLOOD WALL

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Temporary flood walls would be especially useful around the edge of the lanai areas.

•

Its temporary nature creates no visual impact.

•

It can work together with more permanent mitigation strategies.

Temporary flood walls can be very effective at keeping surface water out of the home. It can also be used in conjunction with other mitigation strategies.

•

Deploy flood walls along the canal to control velocity of the water surge.

DIG CANAL DEEPER/WORK WITH GOLF COURSE

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Can the golf course serve as a retention basin for the neighborhood?

•

Divert more water into the golf course.

•

Create a policy that requires the city to dredge the canal on a regular basis.

Conversations with the golf course and the city and county are required if dredging or transforming the golf course is to be pursued.

•

Neighbors may have an investment in the golf course and may not want to potentially lose it if it becomes a retention basin.

RELOCATE FURNISHINGS AND EQUIPMENT

PRIORITY: HIGH

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Create a plan for different categories of hurricanes. For example, when preparing for a category 4 hurricane, it would be ideal to move select furniture and artwork upstairs.

•

Would the caretakers be able to implement all preparation strategies and move the furniture in time? Can one caretaker take on that responsibility?

Larger furniture and equipment may be too difficult and dangerous for a single caretaker to move on their own. However, artwork and and smaller furniture can be moved and prioritized.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 44

FEEDBACK: FLOOD RISK STRATEGIES CONT’D ABSORBENT SOCKS

PRIORITY: MEDIUM

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

These may be useful for a small storm, but likely not for a 1% storm event.

Sandbags may be a more effective medium than absorbent socks.

•

This strategy does not require much structural intervention and may be good to have on hand.

•

These alone will not be enough for high velocity or high volume events.

•

Fast implementation time.

•

Requires a place to store and a facility to dispose.

TEMPORARY WATER FILLED BARRIERS

PRIORITY: LOW

DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

There would be no permanent impact to the house - as the barriers would be only implemented during a storm.

•

How much space does this product require for storage?

•

Will the caretaker be trained in setting up the barrier?

•

Is the existing canal wall strong enough to support the full bladder?

The caretaker would need to be trained in deploying the barrier. It may be time consuming to inflate and deflate. Additional analysis is required to see if the canal wall can support the additional weight.

•

This strategy does not seem appropriate for this particular house. Heavy rain events often occur fairly quickly and deploying this time of barrier seems time consuming and bulky.

45 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

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Charlot House Disaster Study | 46

FEEDBACK: EXCLUDED FROM FURTHER CONSIDERATION The following strategies are excluded from further consideration because it was determined through workshop discussions that they are inappropriate for the retrofitting of the Charlot House. The strategies were deemed inappropriate for several reasons including its negative or damaging impacts on historic features and overall historic character, and due to the limitations of the physical site. These strategies were documented in order to support future historic preservation efforts for the Charlot House.

INSTALL FIRE SPRINKLERS DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Installation of sprinklers will have a significant visual impact to the historic character of the home. The structure of the home is exposed and it would be difficult to hide the piping.

•

Perhaps locate sprinklers in the kitchen area only.

•

Sprinklers might ruin the artwork.

Sprinkler systems would be difficult to conceal to conform to historic preservation standards. Sprinkler systems may also cause damage to the artwork throughout the house.

•

A foam suppression sprinkler system may have similar impacts to the structure and artwork, but can be investigated further.

FIREPROOF WALLS DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Check if the cinder blocks are grouted all the way through. These gaps can act as a channel for fire.

•

Fireproofing the garage and bedrooms would be worthwhile.

•

The structure of the house is exposed. Fireproofing the walls could have significant impacts to the historic character.

For the sake of human safety, it could be worthwhile to investigate ways to fireproof rooms like the bedrooms. However, fireproofing methods should not cause negative impacts to historic features.

REINFORCE WINDOWS - FIRE PROOF GLASS DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

The windows are a part of the house’s history - avoid changing these elements.

•

Consider the tradeoffs when considering window treatments. Can we achieve both fire resistance and impact resistance at the same time?

Windows are a significant historic attribute. They should not be completely replaced. Can one treatment address multiple risks at once?

•

The windows are large and would be expensive to replace.

47 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

INSTALL HURRICANE IMPACT WINDOWS AND DOORS DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

The existing windows and glass doors make up a large area of the facade. It may not be feasible financially and aesthetically.

•

The important factor is determining if the existing window structure can take the full force of an impact. Most windows are designed to break and therefore the expected forces on the window jambs are not as high.

The visual impact of the windows and doors may be inappropriate for the historic property.

•

Consider putting protection against the window such as a film.

INSTALL HURRICANE WINDOW SHUTTERS DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Shutters would be installed permanently therefore do not seem appropriate for this type of historic house.

The visual impact of the window shutters is inappropriate for the historic property.

•

Consider putting protection against the window such as a film.

BUILD A SAFE ROOM DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

A safe room is not applicable for this property.

You are not allowed to build a safe room in flood zones. Residents must clear out of homes and seek shelter.

BIOSWALE DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

The available land limits how big the bioswales can be. They are probably too small to have a meaningful effect.

•

We should be doing these. Small bioswales on site will help with small flood events even though it will be less helpful in larger flood events.

Bioswales may be more effective in small flooding events rather than large flood events.

•

There is currently no where for the water to go.

•

They would be too small to have a meaningful effect even if it was installed with a retention basin.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 48

RETENTION BASIN DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Shallow retention basins up to 4 feet in depth would fill up quickly.

•

Retention would be most effective in the golf course on a large scale.

•

This does not seem relevant for the property.

•

The driveway is not a historic part of the property and could be a place to put an underground storage.

Retention basins may not be appropriate for the Charlot House site. Develop a relationship with the golf course to see if they would be able to implement retention basins.

•

Is the site too close to the water table?

DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Installing new drainage systems will likely not improve flooding significantly.

With the proximity to the canal and the limited space around the house, it’s not clear how effective this would be given the need to stay away from undermining structural foundations.

TEMPORARY WATERPROOF BUILDING WRAP DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

From an environmental point of view, this method is not sustainable for its effectiveness.

This is not an appropriate strategy for this house.

•

This would be good to protect walls, but will not provide true flood relief.

WATERPROOF WALLS DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

Installation would require installing permanent fixtures to the exterior of the house. This would have significant impacts to the historic qualities of the house.

Waterproof walls may cause more damage than protection in the long run.

•

Depending on the materials used, these could cause more damage in the long term.

•

In terms of flood insurance, this would not provide true flood relief.

•

Waterproofing may be possible in certain areas of the house such as the garage.

49 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

LIFT BUILDING FOUNDATION/ABANDON LOWEST FLOOR DISCUSSION POINTS:

TAKEAWAY:

•

It is structurally possible, but would be difficult given the geometry and material variety. The structural elements would pose a challenge to relocate (especially load carrying elements such as walls and columns).

This strategy is difficult to justify. Any structural changes to elevate the house would alter its historic character.

•

Expect a host of incidental damage.

•

Prioritize other solutions above this one.

•

Not feasible and very difficult to justify and accomplish.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 50

FEEDBACK: FINAL SHARE-OUT OVERALL COMMENTS Strategies should be combined and rearranged based on feasibility. • Separate the non-feasible strategies and put them into a separate list. Acknowledge that those strategies were considered throughout this process.

• National-level participation also emphasizes the importance of hazard mitigation at the local scale. It has the potential to bring awareness to the neighbors of the Charlot House as well as the surrounding community. The findings of this study provide a framework for future multi-disciplinary research and discussion.

• Consider developing a “wish-list” to identify the expensive or experimental strategies.

• Short-, mid-, and long-term timeframes help to prioritize actionble items.

• Show the rationale behind the decisionmaking between strategies. It would be beneficial to document the trade-offs.

• Avoid continuing to over-analyze and overstudy this. Actionable items should be deployed as soon as possible.

This document acknowledges that there are other hazards that have not been explored due to constrained resources and time.

HOUSE ASSESSMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS

• Other hazards include vandalism, tsunami, etc. • Shortsightedness is another hazard stemming from not being able to fully understand the educational mission or value of the collective action. In the future, explore the complications that may be caused by groundwater inundation. • If, in the future, the water table exceeds the height of the ground, many of the flood strategies discussed in this study will not be effective. This study was unique in bringing together a wide variety of national experts. • Participation by national experts is not only valuable for teaching and learning, but brings national attention to University of Hawaiʻi and Historic Hawaiʻi Foundation work. 51 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

Avoid gathering piecemeal recommendations. Conduct a team assessment instead. • Identify priorities for the property. What are the responsibilities associated with those priorities? • Avoid hiring an engineer, insurance agent, etc. separately. Consider conducting structural and architectural assessments together. • Naturally, structural engineers will concentrate on the framing of the building and architects will be involved with the rain and wind resilience of the envelope. Encourage collaboration and communication between the engineer and architect throughout the process. • Comparative cost estimates will add value. How long would it take to do a structural assessment of the house? • Site visits will take a few days. • Underlying issues will require additional consultants to be brought on board.

• All in all, it could take several weeks to synthesize all the findings into a report. All assessments for the house should be compiled into an ongoing list. • This list should be easy to find and update. • The list should also include the schedule of regular assessments and checks. • Realistically, all actions taken on the house will always balance ideal outcomes and feasibility. The list should be reflective of priorities for the house. Is there an assessment for the value of the landscape, separate from the house? • More research needs to be conducted to assess the value of the on-site vegetation. Floodable first-floors is a strategy that was not fully explored in this report. • The house features many built-in cabinetry and furniture pieces that are original and unique. A floodable first floor does not align with historic preservation goals. • Would a floodable landscape be at odds with preserving historic landscape elements? Every house can be strengthened, but there are limitations. • “You can make a 50 year old stronger, but you can’t make them a 20 year old again.” • There are things you can do to strengthen the house. For example, hurricane ties and clips should be installed and can be done with minimal instrusiveness. The roof should be tied down no matter what. • All strategies can be achieved different ways with different contractors. There are always cheaper or more expensive methods, but the value is in the documentation. It records whether the method taken was worth the

cost. The value of the house to the university and the public is in the ability to test and experiment with strategies, materials, and treatments. • It would be helpful to test on similar materials (also making sure the test piece is not an original historic feature). • Note that the building is still protected by a historic preservation easement. It is important to not cause irreversible damage. CANAL MODIFICATIONS Watershed scale components will be greater impact than what can be accomplished at the property-scale. • The Army Corp of Engineers completed an Ala Wai watershed hardening project. It works well for up to down stream rainfall, but still raises red flags. • Implementing green infrastructure at the watershed scale is much preferred. • When considering watershed scale strategies, it is important to have an interdisciplinary team. How long would it take to do an assessment of the canal wall? • Other consultants and entities would be required to make a full assessment. • Consider a coastal engineer. VALUE OF THE LAND AND STRUCTURE: What is the most important aspect? The house, or the house to its place? • The property is worth $2-3 million. • It also sits in a location with the possibility of Charlot House Disaster Study | 52

FEEDBACK: FINAL SHARE-OUT (CONTʻD) catastrophic flooding in the future. Is there a plot of land where the house can be re-located? • Would a new location be able to honor the architecture to its place? • What is the priority for preservation? Is it the house, or the land? We may not be able to have both in the future. • Land in Kahala is very expensive. Is this the best place to maintain the house? What is the value of the house as an educational site? • The barriers to being able to use the site for eduction is that UH requires rent to be paid each month to maintain the property. • At Columbia University, students at one point had secured a 19th-century building. It was turned into an experimental materials lab. • Would it be possible to reserve the house for strictly educational purposes? There is value for the site for construction-based classes and research and for research on the recovery of at-risk or damaged structures. • There is an invaluable opportunity to teach students how to conduct thorough documentation of historic buildings. • The house could also easily function as a classroom, conference, or retreat space. • Considering funding, in the continental US, corporations would often become sponsors of the site or facility. If you approach companies from a philanthropic angle instead of a marketing angle, we might get a better response. The house is valuable specifically for its location in a hazard zone. • Charlot House is in an especially ideal location to study flood and hurricane 53 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

hazards. • The house could function as a space to provide hands-on practice for students in historical preservation and natural disaster preparedness. • Related coursework would provide opportunities to build relationships with industry professionals. • Collaborations with USDOT and HiEMA will be reinforced. • The NDTPC has nationwide reach with FEMA approved courses and has the ability to conduct and fund research. • NDPTC has a “Flooding Hazards: Science & Preparedness” course currently available. This course can be a resource to the future working group. • There are also funds from NPS and the historic preservation and restoration community. For example, Old House Journal… There are many resources for mid-century modern home preservation. Engage with neighboring properties and stakeholders. • Unfortunately, some neighbors would be happy to see the house torn down. Expect push back from the community to use the house as a research site. • Find allies or who can provide differing aspects and perspectives that haven’t been thought of yet. • A part of the learning opportunity is to learn how to engage with the community. How do you talk to your neighbors about hazard mitigation? How do you gain helpful input? This could inform broader planning policies.

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Charlot House Disaster Study | 54

DISASTER PLAN Disaster plan strategies were vetted across three separate 2-hour virtual workshop sessions. The first day of the workshop explored mitigation strategies for fire hazards. The second day covered hurricane and flood hazard strategies. Participants of the virtual workshop were broken into break-out groups of 4-5 participants and 2 UHCDC team members. For each hazard, an initial list of strategies were organized by short-, mid-, and long-term implementation. Each breakout room session began with an introduction of each strategy. Each strategy was then explored in detail to gather more information about the following characteristics: confirmation of short-, mid-, long-term implementation, feasibility, historical impacts, structural impacts, cost, and additional notes. Participant responses were recorded and summarized in the “Feedback” section of this report. The discussions aided the team in developing the action plan. The actions are listed in order of short-, mid-, and long-term implementation and provides a brief overview of each strategy’s expected cost, recommended consultation, the hazard addressed, known vendors of any products listed, and links to relevant product websites.

OUTLINE OF DISASTER PLAN STRATEGIES Short Term/On-Site ASSESS THE PROPERTY AND TRANSFER RISK: • [High] Conduct house assessment(s) with an insurance agent and fire department to assess fire and flood risks. • [High] Conduct structural assessment(s) of house and retaining wall. • [High] Purchase recommended insurance (flood, hurricane). • [Moderate] Assess for flood gate/Quick Dam feasibility. ACQUIRE AND INSTALL PROTECTION MEASURES: • [High] Purchase and store sandbags and train caretakers for deployment. • [High] Purchase and install window film. • [High] Purchase polycarbonate sheets and assess the house for pre-determined installation points. • [High] Purchase fire extinguishers and place them at appropriate intervals. • [Moderate] Consult with hurricane experts on feasibility of hurricane fabric and associated hardware. • [Moderate] Purchase and store Quick Dam and train for deployment. ESTABLISH MAINTENANCE PLANS: • [High] Design emergency deployment plan, focusing on caretaker’s responsibilities and training for emergency situations and equipment maintenance. • [High] Design landscape maintenance plan including regular pruning, removing dead vegetation, and cleaning gutters. • [High] Outline a regular home maintenance plan to minimize clutter, storage of hazardous materials, and maintenance of vents.

55 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

Mid-term On-Site

Long term/Off-Site

CONSTRUCT PROTECTIVE BARRIERS AND MECHANISMS:

COLLABORATE WITH THE WAIALAE COUNTRY CLUB AND WITH NEIGHBORS TO INTEGRATE RETENTION BASIN TO PROTECT HOUSES AND GREENS:

• [High] Build a new wall around the perimeter of the property, building off of the preexisting canal retaining wall. • [High] Attain a structural assesment for an intallation plan for hurricane screws and install the hurricane screws to brace the roof. • [Moderate] Conduct an electrical assessment.

• [Low] Collaborate with golf course on diverting stream water into golf course retention basin. • [Low] Work with policymakers on canal dredging policy.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 56

STRATEGIES MATRIX Short-Term Strategies

Cost

Consult

1. Conduct house assessment(s) with an insurance agent and fire

FREE

Insurance Agent Fire Department

2. Assess for flood gate/Quick Dam viability.

FREE

Quick Dam Sales Rep Hydrologist

$10K - 15K

Structural Engineer

TBA

Insurance Agent

A. ASSESS AND TRANSFER RISK department to assess fire and flood risks.

3. Structural assessment of house and canal walls. 4. Purchase necessary recommended insurance. B. ACQUIRE AND INSTALL PROTECTION MEASURES*

1. Purchase and store sandbags with training for deployment. $50/100pk unfilled $879/100pk filled

2. Consult with hurricane experts and historic architects on

N/A

$78/44”x72” Panel Hardware: $90/36pc

Supplier

$10/sqft for 8mm assess for installation fee

Supplier

$208/48”x96” Panel

Structural Engineer

$35/50ct

Structural Engineer

6. Purchase and store Quick Dam and train for deployment.

$3,500/26” x50”

Quick Dam Sales Rep., Disaster Preparedness Training Rep.

7. Purchase fire extinguishers and place them at appropriate

$40/Extinguisher

Fire Department

installing hurricane fabric and associated hardware.

3. Purchase and install window film.

4. Purchase polycarbonate window sheets with expert input on installation.

5. Purchase and install hurricane screws for the roof.

intervals.

57 | University of Hawaiʻi Community Design Center

Risk Addressed

Vendor(s)

Fire, Flood

Flood

Fire, Flood, Hurricane

Flood, Hurricane

Lowes The Sandbag Store

Hurricane

Home Depot: Ship to Honolulu

Hurricane

Home Depot: Available in Honolulu

Hurricane

Amazon

Flood

Quick Dam

Fire

Home Depot: Available in Honolulu

*Note that all actions that physically affect the site or building require consultation with a qualified historic architect and approval by Historic Hawai‘i Foundation in accordance with the easement prior to implementation.

Charlot House Disaster Study | 58

STRATEGIES MATRIX Short-Term Strategies (Cont.)

Cost

Consult

1. Design emergency deployment plan, focusing on caretaker’s

Quote from designated personnel

Caretaker

2. Design landscape maintenance plan including regular

Quote from designated personnel

Landscape Architect

Cost

Consult

1. Build a new wall around perimeter of the property, building

Architect Structural Engineer/ Contractor

2. Brace the roof, focusing on hurricane and flood protection.

Architect Structural Engineer/ Contractor

1st hr: $195 2nd hr: $155 Upgrades >$1,000

Electrician

Based on Assessment

Electrician

Cost

Consult

C. MAINTENANCE PLANS responsibilities and training for emergency situations and equipment maintenance.

pruning, removing dead vegetation, and cleaning gutters.

Mid-Term Strategies D. CONSTRUCT PROTECTIVE BARRIERS AND MECHANISMS* off the preexisting canal retaining wall.

3. Electrical Assessment

4. Electrical upgrade; bring to code.

Long-term Strategies E.

WORK WITH WAIALAE COUNTRY CLUB TO INTEGRATE RETENTION BASIN TO PROTECT HOUSES AND GREENS.

1. Collaborate with golf course on diverting stream water into

Personnel Costs

Waialae Country Club

2. Work with policymakers on canal dredging policy.

Personnel Costs

Planner, City Council, Neighborhood Boards

3. Work with planners and policymakers to make broader

Personnel Costs

Planner, City Council, Neighborhood Board, OCCSR, OP

golf course retention basin.

changes to streams and their restoration, and coastal adaptation and resiliency strategies.

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Risk Addressed

Vendor(s)

Fire, Flood, Hurricane

Risk Addressed

Vendor(s)

Flood

Hurricane

Fire

Risk Addressed

Vendor(s)

Fire, Flood, Hurricane

*Note that all actions that physically affect the site or building require consultation with a qualified historic architect and approval by Historic Hawaii Foundation in accordance with the easement prior to implementation.

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ON-SITE STRATEGIES A. ACQUIRE AND INSTALL PROTECTION MEASURES

Sandbags

Window Film

Hurricane Fabric

Fire Extinguishers

Polycarbonate Window Sheet

Hurricane Screws

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LOCATION OF SANDBAGS EXISTING BRICK PAVING

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ON-SITE STRATEGIES D. CONSTRUCT PROTECTIVE BARRIERS AND MECHANISMS

Water Gate by QuickDam

Permanent floodwall across the canal

Curved white walls surrounding side yards

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Rock wall on the sides

POSSIBLE FLOOD BARRIERS LOCATIONS

BRICK GARDEN EDGING PROPERTY EDGE (254 LINEAR FT) PERMANENT FLOOD WALL (5’ HT) TEMPORARY FLOOD WALL (2’ HT)

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CONCLUSION This university-led collaboration offers a model to convene planners, architects, landscape architects, preservationists, engineers, lawyers, and insurance agents around issues that connect architecture, planning, and preservation. The quick 3-part, all-virtual, all-volunteer participant make-up also offers a low cost format for subject matter expert engagement and knowledge-sharing on resilience issues that can be broadly applied and engaged at the scale of a house. The outcomes of the study point toward a range of next steps for the house and for this type of work: Disaster preparation: • Implement immediately actionable next steps to prepare the house for disasters. • Initiate ways to fund and conduct necessary multi-disciplinary assessments. • Integrate the plan into the management and care of the house. • Initiate policy level conversations to discussion more regional mitigation strategies. Disaster preparation programming: • Develop ways to integrate the use, improvement, and recovery of the house into university disaster planning curricula and training. • Partner with industry. • Develop the limits of living lab activities on a historic property.

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Disaster preparedness dissemination: • Develop ways to educate and engage homeowners and neighborhoods about hazards and mitigation measures. • Develop ways to mobilize political will to facilitate policy change. Finally, this effort highlights the need to address resilience at both small and large scales and to proactively and collaboratively work toward resilience now.

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