14 August 2013

THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA STUDENTS’ NEWSPAPER

Getting to zero page 9

n e ws

co m m e n t

s c i e n c e & t e c h n o lo g y

Spare the rod

In justice

Electrophoresis Fifth annual

Punishment of children scrutinized in U of M study

page 5

Examining restorative Aboriginal practices page 11

Electrifying DNA with lab-coated columnist page 15

a rts & c u lt u r e

Aboriginal Music Week begins August 16 page 18

Vo l 1 0 0 · N o 3 · au g u st 1 4 , 2 0 1 3 · w w w.t h e m a n i to b a n .co m

s p o rts

Buck off

New Bombers admin to tackle same old problems page 23

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Index

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

News

Science & Tech

| pa g e s 3 – 7

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Prisoner's dilemma

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U of M fine arts students win prize

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Physical punishment of children leaves lasting health conditions

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No to Russian vodka

Editorial

| pgs 14-16

14

The curious case of synaesthesia

15

Day in the life Performing the experiment

| pa g e 9

Arts & Culture

cover image

"Beautifully Destroyed" Photo by Kara Passey

Please contact designteam@themanitoban.com if you are interested in submitting a cover image.

Comment

| pa g e s 1 0 - 1 3

For other volunteer inquiries, please come to our office in University Centre (across from Tim Horton’s, behind GOSA) or email the editor of the section for which you are interested in writing.

| pgs 17–20

18

Aboriginal music week

19

DearJodie: Navigating sex after sexual assault

20

Event listings

Diversions

| pa g e 2 1

Please direct all other inquiries to editor@themanitoban.com.

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New pet owner bylaw

11

Canadian justice system failingAboriginal people

12

Marineland protesters

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Male on male violence and the Trayvon Martin case

Toban Talkback

Q:

Idunnu Adeojo

Jack Qiu

Deepak Ettungalpadi

“No.”

“I don't think so. It sounds really weird to me.”

“I would like to give it a try once, depending on how it tastes.”

Sports

| pa g e s 2 2 – 2 4

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Passing the Buck

23

FIFA faux pas

Would you eat a hamburger grown in a lab from cow stem cells?

Quinn Richert, staff

Facul t y o f science

Univer si t y 1

Graduate student, Animal sciences

Cara Ginter Facul t y o f ar ts

“Definitely not. I have a hard enough time thinking about the stuff they put into hamburgers that are made with actual meat, so something grown in a lab I would not eat.”

Senior News Editor: Quinn Richert News Editor: Katy MacKinnon Contact: news@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

News

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The prisoner’s dilemma Families and activists meet outside Winnipeg Remand Centre to recognize National Prisoner Justice Day Quinn Richert, staff

photos by: quinn richert

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endell Smith stood on the Kennedy Street sidewalk between the Old Law Courts and the Winnipeg Remand Centre (WRC), equipped with a handmade sign reading “prison [does not equal] justice.”

Smith said he was happy to be participating in his first Prisoner Justice Day (PJD) on the outside.

People gathered along with Smith on the sidewalk, listening to traditional Anishinaabe singing and drums, and waving to the one-way windows of the pre-trial detention centre. Prisoner Justice Day is held every Aug. 10, inside and outside of prisons across Canada, as “a day for prisoners and their allies to remember those who have died in prison, and those who still suffer behind bars in Canada and all over the world.”

While speakers share stories of their incarcerated loved ones who have lost their lives behind bars, prisoners commemorate the event by fasting and refusing to participate in work.

In Winnipeg, the Elizabeth Fry Society (EFS) organizes PJD events, in conjunction with the John Howard Society of Manitoba and a handful of other organizations to advocate for the rights of Canadian prisoners.

Tracy Booth, executive director of EFS, was involved with bringing PJD to Winnipeg five years ago. She spoke to the Manitoban about the logic behind taking a day to draw attention to the rights of incarcerated persons.

“I wanted to start something here to bring awareness to human rights, and the fact that when you are incarcerated, you should get the same physical care and access to mental health resources as you do when you are on the outside,” said Booth.

The stories shared on Kennedy Street during PJD indicate that that standard is not always met.

The family of Kinew James spoke about her death in Prince Albert prison this year. James, who was not

in solitary confinement, reportedly pushed her call button repeatedly, as did other prisoners on her behalf, to no avail. The family says she was left for about an hour without being checked on, and when she was, she was found dead in her cell.

The family of Donald Ray Moose, who died in jail in 2009, also shared their story at the event. According to Louise Moose-Gotkin, Donald’s sister, he died from being overmedicated with the antidepressant amitriptyline, which was prescribed to him.

Tracy Booth said that prisoners often do not receive consistent quality health care in provincial institutions because their treatment is funded under the province’s justice budget rather than its health budget Moose-Gotkin told the Manitoban that an inquest was called into her brother’s death after finding that he had been overmedicated.

“For two years, we couldn’t get the proper autopsy report. I don’t know what they were trying to hide [ . . . ] when we did get the results of the autopsy, they called the inquest, which took another year,” said Moose-Gotkin.

The inquest started in April, but has since been delayed as the family looks for funds to pay their lawyer.

Tracy Booth said that prisoners often do not receive consistent quality health care in provincial institutions because their treatment is funded

under the province’s justice budget rather than its health budget.

“In other provinces they do not silo their budgets, so if you have health care needs, that is billed under the department of health. One of the biggest issues in this province is that because there is such a high rate of incarceration, health care is not delivered because of how the budgeting occurs,” explained Booth.

She said that mistrust of medical staff by prisoners has not historically been a problem. “The issue is access,” Booth confirms.

Chickadee, a human rights activist who has been involved with PJD activities in the past and also previously worked within the walls of the WRC, spoke critically about the treatment of prisoners within that institution.

“I think it was an overexertion of power and authority. I saw some of the guys get beaten pretty badly, where they were put in segregation until their bruises and bumps healed,” said Chickadee, recalling her time working with WRC inmates. She also recounted experiences in which reasonable requests for medication were denied, and where babies were stillborn as a result of neglect.

Chickadee told the Manitoban that she filed many complaints in regards to these incidents, but no one ever got back to her.

Following speeches from the am very happy.”

James and Moose families, as well Elsewhere in Canada, PJD was as Booth, the crowd participated in recognized in a similar fashion. In a traditional song and then broke into Toronto, for example, a six-hour a round dance. Prisoners on some gathering was held in a church. The floors could be faintly seen dangling John Howard Society of Toronto and silver-foil balloons in front of their Elizabeth Fry Toronto sponsored the event. windows.

Booth said this year had been Prisoner Justice Day began on the largest turnout, in comparison Aug. 10, 1975, inside Bath, Ontario’s to the previous four years of PJD in Millhaven Institution. Prisoners Winnipeg,. inside Millhaven refused to work or “Each year, I’ve wanted it to grow eat for 24 hours to commemorate the more, and this year the seed has finally death of Edward Nolan, a prisoner grown. I wanted more organizations who died of a self-inflicted wound and community to be involved, so I while in the institution’s segregation

illustration by: M. Harris

unit exactly one year prior.

In 1976, the Aug. 10 hunger strike spread to many prisons across Canada. According to the website of the Vancouver Prisoner Justice Day Committee, by 1983 Prisoner Justice Day spread to France, where inmates “refused to eat in recognition of August 10,” and had a statement of solidarity with prisoners worldwide read on their behalf on a Paris radio station.

Officials at WRC declined to comment to the Manitoban on the Winnipeg PJD events.

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News

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

No room for SAIA at York University York admin bans Students Against Israeli Apartheid group Norbert Mibirung, volunteer staff

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hree months ago, the York trary, SAIA enhances academic cul- freedom of expression.”

University administration ture as it seeks to address a human “This puts a chilling effect on disrevoked the official club status rights concern that is very much cussion of this issue, because many of the campus’ Students Against repressed and misrepresented in people are prevented from speaking Israeli Apartheid (SAIA) branch, North America.” out, and others are afraid to speak on the grounds that their Mar. 27 “SAIA approaches the issues in out because they are afraid that they rally on the school premises dis- a respectful, direct way,” continued will be the target of these smears,” obeyed noise rules. The Toronto Carlyle. “SAIA’s main concern is said Latour. university also prohibited SAIA promoting Palestinian human rights, “More importantly, it’s students’ activist and former York student an end to Israel’s apartheid system right to speak out and organize Hammam Farah from entering the for Palestinians (and some other against oppression which is being groups), colonialism and occupation, infringed upon,” added Latour. “The campus.

According to Excalibur, York and peace in Israel-Palestine. This right to speak out against oppresUniversity’s community newspaper, might be hard for some people to sion and criticize state policies which Janet Morrison, vice-provost stu- hear, but it is certainly an important support said oppression is one of the dents, withdrew SAIA’s official club discussion to have.” most fundamental aspects of free A similar ban was imposed by the speech.” status until January 2014. The reason given was that the group repeatedly University of Manitoba Students’ “Imagine how much more diffidisturbed academic activities on Union (UMSU) on the U of M’s cult it would be to fight oppression campus.

Students Against Israeli Apartheid if students were barred from speakRevoking the club status of a (SAIA) chapter, this past April, ing out against racism, sexism, or group prohibits them from using the which resulted in much debate over homophobia, or if universities and university’s space and resources. the right to free speech. According student unions tried to censor and Regarding the actions of York to Carlyle, the actions of UMSU and ban anti-apartheid groups during University, Mark Golden, profes- York University have put freedom of the struggle against South African sor of classics at the University speech and expression in danger. apartheid,” Latour reflected.

“At York University, the adminof Winnipeg, said, “What York Latour pointed out that some University has done is a mistake. I istration no doubt has a direct con- Canadian interests benefit from the believe the university overreacted cern about private donations, and maintenance of Israeli apartheid: on this issue.” is, in any case, a very interventionist “There are a lot of people within the Liz Carlyle, co-chair of Winnipeg administration. York University’s political and business establishment Coalition Against Israeli Apartheid other greatest hits include arresting that don’t want to see people tugging (WCAIA), said, “their main goal anti-corporatization protesters and on these strings.” [was] to hamper the groups, and infamously digging in against acaThe SAIA bans at York and the silence an inconvenient point of view, demic workers in a very long strike,” U of M continue to fuel debate over regardless of the scholarship behind said Carlyle. the limits of freedom of speech in According to Brian Latour, co- acamedic settings. It remains to be these views [ . . . ] students and staff on campuses will see these moves for chair of Winnipeg Coalition Against seen whether they have now set a what they are – abuse[s] of power,” in Israeli Apartheid along with Carlyle, precedent that other Canadian unireference to the York ban. “the actions of UMSU and the York versities will follow.

When asked whether SAIA University administration has set a poses any threat to the academic chilling precedent, and they put a culture, Carlyle said, “to the con- severe damper on students’ right to

local news briefs

By Quinn Richert, staff

Paul McCartney Winnipeg-bound For the first time in 20 years, Sir Paul McCartney visited Winnipeg to play the U of M’s Investor’s Group Field on Monday, Aug. 12. Stage setup reportedly began the day prior. Winnipeg Transit offered free rides to the show for all passengers with a concert ticket.

ily filed a missing person report earlier this month. They had previously conducted their own searches on Winnipeg streets for signs of Hall’s whereabouts.

Top flood forecaster leaving Manitoba’s senior flood forecaster, Phillip Mutulu, has resigned. He leaves his position vacant at the end of August. Mutulu is moving on to a new job in Alberta. It is not yet known who will take his place.

Stabbing on Manitoba Avenue Winnipeg Police are not currently revealing much about a stabbing that occurred in a house on Manitoba Brian Sinclair Avenue on Saturday, Aug. 10. The inquest underway victim’s identity, the perpetrator’s An inquest has begun to invesidentity, and the victim’s health sta- tigate the events leading up to the tus were not released to the media. 2008 death of Brian Sinclair at the Health Sciences Centre. Sinclair Winnipeg man was is said to have waited 34 hours buried without notiin the emergency waiting room fication of family before being acknowledged by Wilson Hall, brother to hospital staff. By that time, he had Winnipeg’s “homeless hero” been dead for hours. The inquest is Faron Hall, was somehow buried ongoing, though so far it has been in Brookside Cemetery, without said that race did not play a role his family ever being informed in the case. It was also determined that he had died. On Apr. 7, 2013, that a note of referral from a docHall died of a heart attack at tor was found in Sinclair’s pocket St. Boniface Hospital. The fam- following his death.

U of M art students win monetary prizes

School of art celebrates 100 years Alycia Rodrigues, volunteer staff

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rika Dueck and Hillary Smith, recent graduates of the University of Manitoba’s school of art program, won prizes from BMO Financial Group’s 2013 1st Art! Invitational Student Art Competition. A carefully selected committee of artists and employees chose the national and regional winners from post-secondary institutions across Canada. Dueck and Smith received prizes of $10,000 and $5,000, respectively.

The school of art is celebrating its 100th anniversary this year, and is Western Canada’s oldest established art program. The U of M says the program is “committed to advancing excellence in creativity, research, critical thinking, and knowledge.”

Dueck, winner of the national prize, submitted work titled “The Ephemeral Mind.” Her thoughtprovoking piece deals with the orderly chaos of the human mind.

“The mind is both organized and

disorderly, linking thoughts and experiences unconnected within reality. It is unstable; memories are misplaced, sometimes forgotten, trapped in storage next to the illuminated, while others are never processed. This temporal structure is built up and destroyed within a lifetime, unique and never wholly accessible,” said Dueck in a statement to the U of M. Dueck’s inspiration stemmed from her childhood understanding of how memories are processed. She viewed memories as files in a room full of filing cabinets, with each file used often or forgotten about. The frequency with which each file was visited determined the clarity of the memory. To prevent memory loss of her most cherished memories, she would engage in “memory cleaning” and revisit certain “files.”

“This piece is meant to be an impetus for viewers to further meditate and consider their minds and memo-

ries in relation to their understand- living within our bones and organs, ings, their motivations, their fears the parts that are unseen when dis[ . . . ] and question what they have sected,” said Smith. remembered and forgotten, neglected, In an interview with the tried to forget, and what has become Manitoban, Smith described how overwhelming, obsessive, and per- she began her work with a curiosity haps even relevant,” said Dueck. of the unknown and an interest in Hillary Smith, winner of the existentialism. According to Smith, regional $5,000 prize, submit- without extensive education regardted a piece called “Phrenological ing anatomy and illnesses, the averPetrifactions.” Her artwork deals age human mind is unable to fully with the disconnection between the grasp the complex systems of the patient and their illness within the human body. Her focus was to presmedical model, and aims to give ent science and medicine in a way artistic meaning to the human organ that is understandable to viewers. systems.

Throughout her degree, Smith’s “I give our bones, organs, and work focused on impermanence and entrails a voice and through my fragility, brought on by her expework they may tell us their oth- rience with ceramics. She admiterwise silent stories. The objects I ted that she experienced some odd create imitate the human anatomy tangents with her work, such as the but have been dehumanized and time she worked in a deli and used embellished into beautifully delicate chicken and ham as material for her and petrified remains. They are the art, but felt her art matured as she manifestations of perhaps the souls matured as a person.

Smith used the award money to pay off some debt and to pay for her residency at The Banff Centre. She plans to work towards a master’s degree at an international university.

Smith advocated the art program as a great community to be a part of since the students are simultaneously supportive and critical – an important component of pushing an artist to their full potential.

In regards to her piece, Smith hopes her work makes her audience question the realms of science and medicine and their relation to art. She wishes to evoke a sense of wonder and curiosity into one’s own interior.

“I hope my audience gains a notion of the display and how they pertain to ourselves as well as what happens when our illnesses or weaknesses are found and displayed to us in ways we can understand,” said Smith.

Senior News Editor: Quinn Richert News Editor: Katy MacKinnon Contact: news@themanitoban.com / 474.6770

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U of M professor links physical punishment of children to lasting health conditions Results consistent with previous studies Katy MacKinnon, staff

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n association between the physi- the eventual developcal punishment of children and ment of “cardiovascuchronic health effects has been dis- lar disease (borderline covered in one of the first comprehen- significance), arthrisive studies of physical punishment in tis, and obesity,” in a the absence of severe abuse. representative sample Tracie Afifi, assistant professor population. of community health sciences at the Afifi noted that University of Manitoba, published not all children who her findings in the July 15 issue of the experience physical journal Pediatrics. The study exam- punishment develop ined possible connections between negative health outnegative health problems and harsh comes. However, a physical punishment in children. child-rearing enviChildren who had been severely ronment that includes abused were excluded from the data. physical punishment In 2012, Afifi published research can inf luence brain on a similar subject. She examined development. the association between mental ill“The main recomness and harsh physical punishment. mendation for this The results demonstrated that physical study [ . . . ] is that punishment was related to a number physical punishment should not be of mental health issues such as: mood used on children of any age,” said disorders, anxiety disorders, and drug Afifi. abuse and dependence.

Discipline, as explained by Afifi, For the current study, Afifi wished is different from physical punishto expand on her 2012 research. ment and is necessary in children’s “We looked at individuals who were lives. The study recommends the use pushed, grabbed, shoved, slapped, or of positive parenting programs for hit,” Afifi told the Manitoban. children.

The study concluded that harsh Physical punishment of children physical punishment is correlated with is legal in Canada under certain cir-

cumstances. Section 43 of Canada’s Criminal Code explains the “spanking” law. The law offers justification of physical punishment: “if the force does not exceed what is reasonable under the circumstances.”

According to Afifi, these guidelines are vague.

“That law can actually be used to get parents who are clearly physically abusive off the hook legally,” she said.

She also noted that Canada is not one of the 33 countries that forbid parents to hit their children.

“It’s not about putting parents in jail if they spank their kids; it’s about changing the social climate that thinks that using physical punishment on your kids is okay,” explained Afifi.

A challenge to the law began in 1999, through the Court Challenges Program.

This program provides financial assistance to persons who wish to challenge laws on the basis of equality.

The Supreme Court did not amend the law, but created a list of limitations for parents regarding physical punishment.

“It was really a disaster in terms of moving our country forward,” said Joan Durrant, professor of family social sciences at the U of M, in regards to the decision to eschew amendments. “Adults all have the

right to protection from physical assaults and we take that for granted every day.”

Durrant noted that awareness of child development and the stress response in an individual is essential for understanding why parents use physical punishment.

How can parents and guardians learn about alternatives to physical punishment?

Healthy Child Manitoba offers programs that teach positive parenting approaches.

The Triple P program, “uses strong, nurturing relationships, good communication and positive attention to help children develop.” The website offers tips and steps for parents and practitioners as well as podcasts and a toll free help line. Bookstores and libraries are also a source for parenting advice.

“In many cases, what you’re really trying to change is a gut or reflex response. That’s really hard to do with a brochure [ . . . ] you need to practice and practice and practice,” said Durrant. illustration by: Bram Keast

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News

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

Saying “no” to Russian vodka LGBTTQ bars in Winnipeg and around the world dump Russian vodka to protest repressive policies Norbert Mibirung, volunteer staff

Controversy over Canadian Human Rights Museum continues Decision against using the label “genocide” in the Aboriginal exhibit Alycia Rodrigues, volunteer staff

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n June this year, Russian sure mounting on Moscow is the President Vladimir Putin signed International Olympic Committee’s a constitutional law banning “pro- (IOC) request for clarification from paganda of nontraditional sexual the Russian government about the relations,” and laying fines on those anti-gay law. The IOC received demonstrating at public gay pride written and oral “reassurances” rallies. from the Russian government, but Moscow’s anti-gay law has been they were deemed unclear by IOC met with protest from around the officials. While it is uncertain what world. People in numerous cit- the IOC is hoping to hear from ies are boycotting Russian-made Moscow, some speculate the convodka, including Vancouver, New cern is about whether LGBTTQ* York, Melbourne, and London. athletes will risk arrest during the Along with San Francisco, Sydney, Olympic Games. and Toronto, some in the city of With Russia set to host the Winnipeg have thrown their sup- Winter Olympics in Sochi six port behind boycotts of Russian- months from now, Smith pointed made vodka. out that the vodka dumping acts Two prominent gay bars in might be a politically motivated Winnipeg, Fame and Club 200, move against Russia. He added, have ceased selling Russian-made “I don’t support banning Russian vodka to their customers. vodka; it will not make a differAdam Jansson, manager of ence. Russia is not the only country Winnipeg’s Club 200, told the where [LGBTTQ ] communities Manitoban, “We haven’t really are experiencing discrimination carried much Russian vodka in and harsh treatments.” the past, but once we found out “In countries like Uganda, Iran, about the ban we made sure that Afghanistan, and elsewhere, the we weren’t carrying any. We had [LGBTTQ ] community concustomers inquire whether we tinues to suffer. If we can protest [were] banning or not because it is against Russia, why not take steps of interest to them.” in pressuring other countries where Jansson said Club 200 would they prosecute their citizens on keep the ban in place until there is the basis of their sexual orientaa change made in Russia. tion?” added Smith. “I do support Chad Smith, executive direc- individuals, world leaders, and the tor of Rainbow Resource Centre, UN putting pressure on repressive a Winnipeg-based non-profit that governments.” works for the city’s LGBTTQ* The Russian anti-gay bill grants community said to the Manitoban, the police power to detain visitors “Banning Russian vodka will bring to Russia for up to 14 days if they an awareness to the issue that is are suspected of falling into the happening, but individuals need to category of LGBTTQ. The condo more than quit drinking Russian sequence of this law is troubling for vodka.”

Olympic athletes and those travel“While this has the potential to ling with them to the games. impact the makers and owners of As LGBTTQ rights supporters different vodkas, in the big picture in cities around the world continue it is unlikely that it is going to have to support the boycotts on Russian a huge effect on Russian laws, and vodka, it is unclear whether the iron the makers of the different vodkas curtain will drop. are not the ones with the power to Last year in August, Moscow impact Russian laws,” said Smith. banned gay pride marches for the Apart from the global ban on coming 100 years. the Kremlin’s vodka, another pres-

photos by: beibei lu

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recent controversy regarding the Canadian Human Rights Museum (CHRM) ensued over whether or not to label the residential school system, an aspect of European colonization, as “genocide.” The decision has been settled – “genocide” will not be used in the title of the exhibit, though it will be used throughout in regards to community efforts for recognition.

Though the CHRM will not explicitly use the label, debate about its validity continues. Visitors of the museum are encouraged to reach their own conclusions as information is given within the exhibit.

In response to the decision, Southern Chiefs Organization leader Murray Clearsky wrote a letter that referenced the Assembly’s $1 million 2009 donation.

The letter strongly recommended the use of the label “genocide” in the exhibit.

Some chiefs believed that by donating they would have some say over the exhibit in the CHRM. Now, many including Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs Grand Chief Derek Nepinak regret the donation.

In a recent statement, president and CEO Stuart Murray countered: “There is no donation big enough to give donors a say in content at the CHRM.” Despite the decision made by the CHRM, the debate continues as research and evidence surfaces.

Canada legally and officially recognizes five genocides, which do not include colonialism. The UN definition, found in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), defines genocide as “any of the fol-

lowing acts committed with intent they are bound by Canadian to destroy, in whole or in part, a policy. national, ethnical, racial or religious The CHRM is using the term group.” These acts include: “kill- “genocide” for other atrocities not ing members of the group; causing recognized by Canada as genocides, serious bodily or mental harm to such as the Cambodian Killing members of the group; deliberately Fields, Muller suggested that this inflicting on the group conditions makes the museum seem as if they of life calculated to bring about its are not truly bound by government physical destruction in whole or in policy. part; imposing measures intended Muller proposed that the defito prevent births within the group; nition itself is not the issue. Since or forcibly transferring children of what occurred in European colonithe group to another group.” zation falls within the parameters Adam Muller, U of M associate of the definition of genocide, the professor from the department of problem is a difference of opinion.

English, film, and theatre, believes He also noted that the museum that European colonization should is not obliged to discuss the issue. be considered genocide.

The CHRM exists to bring about “I’ve been really persuaded on debate and inspire Canadians to this by my work in genocide stud- reflect, which is exactly what is curies, but especially from work by rently happening. professor Andrew Woolford. His “This is one of the most producposition is that the distinction tive discussions on indigenous between physical and cultural suffering and the legacies of cologenocide is not as cleanly unrelated nialism that we’ve had in this counas some people would like them to try for a long time,” said Muller. be, partly because the standard in “[The issue] has been inaugurated law is destruction of another group,” by the human rights museum, and said Muller. that is its job. It can get us to think Muller stressed the importance about what it means to be Canadian, of examining a group’s culture – the what our debt is to the past, and way members of a group interact, what the status of indigenous peounderstand, and communicate with ple needs to be.” each other.

“It is not our role to make a dec“If you destroy their ability to laration of genocide, but to prounderstand one another as a group, vide historical fact and emerging you’ve destroyed the group, and information—based on rigorous you’ve committed a kind of geno- research and expert and community cide,” said Muller. advice—that will help visitors draw Muller pointed out that the their own conclusions,” Maureen CHRM is withholding using the Fitzhenry, who spoke on behalf of label genocide because European museum administration, told the colonization is not one of the Winnipeg Free Press. five genocides recognized by the Canadian government. He referred to the CHRM’s contention that

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

News

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Not your average burger Scientists grow meat in a lab Katy MacKinnon, staff

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o you know where your meat comes from? Mark Post from Maastricht University in the Netherlands is adding “the laboratory” to an ever-growing list of meat sources in our society.

The burger is not genetically modified and is not to be confused with meat substitutes. Cultured Beef, “is biologically exactly the same as the meat tissue that comes from a cow,” according to Maastricht University’s Cultured Beef website. To develop the burger, scientists extract and harvest muscle cells from cows. As the cells are fed, they begin to multiply.

This creates the muscular tissue we recognize as edible meat.

“The beef is produced from beef cells and during the production process there are no chemicals added,” notes the Cultured Beef website.

The cows used in the project were raised on organic farms. While the product is still meat, strictly speaking, and not directed at vegetarians, animals used for the cell biopsies are not harmed. A single sample obtained from a cow has the potential to create 20,000 tons of Cultured Beef.

Two people sampled the cultured beef for the first time on Monday, Aug. 5. Maastricht University sug- is a significant contributor to green- that growing season is by incorpogested that the beef tastes like a nor- house gas pollution. The Food and rating animals into your production mal burger patty. Both volunteers Agriculture Organization of the system, because you can raise those were in agreement that the petri dish United Nations estimates that, at animals year-round instead of being hamburger was strongly reminiscent 18 per cent, livestock emissions con- restricted to that growing seaof a traditional hamburger, but less tribute a greater fraction to overall son of vegetables and fruit,” said fatty and juicy. The colour and texture human output than cars.

McLachlan. was obtained from red beet juice, safThe Cultured Beef burger sugHe referred to a “closed-loop” fron, and breadcrumbs. gests a movement away from livestock system, where farmers can use ferThe Dutch government initially farming in general, toward artificial tilizer from the animals to grow financed the research. Maastricht meat production. Cultured Beef has vegetables.

University’s Cultured Beef website the potential to be produced in con“Farmers have told me that [ . . . states that after 2010, an unnamed trolled environments, requiring less ] animals only become important private partner renewed funding . On energy and finite resources. largely to human beings if you use Aug. 5, the Guardian revealed that “Meat production uses about 40 them somehow.”

Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google, per cent of all the land in the world, Although the system of factory supplied the additional money. and about 70 per cent of the world’s farming still makes up the majorMichel Aliani, associate professor freshwater resources,” said Stephane ity of meat production, Canadian in human nutritional sciences at the Perrais, director of operations at farmers and consumers are exploring University of Manitoba, explained Mercy For Animals Canada. He alternatives. McLachalan listed the that adapting muscle to meat for con- described conventional and factory 100-mile and 1,000-mile diets, both sumer palates is not a quick process. farming methods as “extremely inef- examples of diets focused on locally “Converting muscle to meat is a ficient,” stating that the amount of grown foods. long procedure. It takes time [ . . . ] grain needed to produce one pound He was careful to note that the there are a lot of biochemical reac- of beef is 10 to 15 pounds. burger may not be available in grocery tions and they are very slow,” said Stephane McLachlan, professor in stores for decades.

Aliani. “Red meat takes at least two the department of environment and The Manitoba Alternative Food to three days to get it to the optimum geography at the U of M, weighed in Research Alliance (MAFRA) is a moment where all flavour precursors on the potential social and environ- group searching for more sustainare there.” mental effects of the Cultured Beef able methods of food production and Aliani noted that this proce- burger. distribution. dure improves the taste of the meat.

“People should be part of our agriAccording to MAFRA’s website, Numerous chemical reactions occur food systems and it shouldn’t just be Manitoba is struggling in terms of during the cooking process, which is seen as a lab [ . . . ] we already have “healthy, affordable, and culturally the world; the problem is [implementwhat gives the meat specific flavours, rural depopulation [ . . . ] we already appropriate food.” Northern commu- ing] distribution that is just and fair,” whether it has been barbecued, fried, have farm bankruptcies in ways nities especially have an issue acquir- said McLachlan. or boiled. that we’ve never seen before,” said ing cost-appropriate and good-quality Stephane Perrais of Mercy for Animals Canada speculated on the “I don’t expect [the flavour precur- McLachlan. meat. sors] to be identical because they’re The prairies have a unique situIn a video on the Cultured potential for cell replication to one coming from stem cell research.” ation in regards to meat produc- Beef website, Post suggested that day completely eliminate the involveMaastricht University is promot- tion. Since the growing season is the burger is ethically beneficial. ment of animals in the process. ing Cultured Beef as a more envi- only around two to three months McLachlan, on the other hand, “As long as an animal is involved ronmentally friendly way to consume long, McLachlan proposed that the argued that access to food is a larger in the production process, it obvimeat products. Their website suggests production of meat by conventional worldly issue than inadequate food ously can be, and will be, subjected that the production of the beef could farming methods is positive for com- production. Numerous factors are to forms of abuse that we think are use 99 per cent less space than current munities. He disagreed with the idea involved, including political and not necessary,” said Perrais. livestock farming practices. that farming is negative to society. socioeconomic issues.

Perrais did however concede to the Methane from livestock rearing “One way of effectively increasing “We already have enough food in Manitoban that the burger is “a step in

photos courtesy of: Cultured beef

the right direction [and] might help people transition to a more compassionate type of diet.”

Those wishing to head out to the grocery store immediately still have a long time to wait. Lab-cultured beef is expected to be readily available anywhere from 10 to 20 years from now. The current product carries a hefty price tag, costing over 250,000 euros (just under $345,000 Canadian) to produce.

Editor-in-Chief: Bryce Hoye Contact: editor@themanitoban.com / 474.8293

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Talking about HIV/AIDS in Winnipeg and Manitoba Quinn Richert, staff

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I

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9

Three zeros

Editorial

Senior News Editor Quinn Richert

Editorial

n light of a recent UNAIDS report indicating drops of up to 50 per cent in new HIV infections in some of the most severely affected parts of Africa, as well as broader contentions that the “global infection rate from AIDS peaked in the 1990s, and death rates are starting to fall,” some might be curious about how our own locality fits into the international milieu.

Are rates of new infections going down in Winnipeg and Manitoba? What about AIDS-related deaths? What about the welldocumented stigma that accompanies this viral infiltration of the human T cell?

By the most recent accessible statistics, about 1,100 people are living with HIV/AIDS in Manitoba, with most cases concentrated in Winnipeg. Since 2009, rates of infection have remained fairly steady, or even dropped off slightly – 99 new infections were reported in 2009 and 102 in 2010, but only 80 new cases showed up in 2011.

Some might feel a particularly cautious brand of optimism beginning to swell as Graphic provided by: The Manitoba HIV Program Illustration below by: philipp fisch those last statistics are chewed over; the feeling is not entirely unwarranted.

One recalcitrant fact, however, stifles with HIV/AIDS face a stigma.

“In Manitoba, the majority of people excitement. It is still true that in Manitoba, “We are 30 years into the epidemic but HIV contract HIV through heterosexual contact, and in Canada, Aboriginal people are over- remains one of the most misunderstood ill- unlike Saskatchewan where the majority represented in those new infection numbers. nesses in our communities. People living with of new infections are amongst people who The 2011 Manitoba HIV Program Update, [HIV] continue to face stigma and discrimi- inject drugs. In Manitoba our response has which contains the most up-to-date epidemi- nation,” said a Nine Circles representative on been tailored to the unique elements of the ological information available to Manitobans, condition of anonymity. epidemic in our province. Saskatchewan has shows that 53 per cent of new cases from that The battle against stigma will be won via done the same in their response,” the repreyear were from self-identified Aboriginal per- public education. The Stigma Project, fol- sentative said. sons. Fifty-three is a startling jump from 38 lowed by a “dot org” on the world wide web, A malleable solution to a malleable probper cent – the proportion of new Aboriginal disseminates current information regarding lem. Thankfully, this type of thinking is patients seen in-province the previous year.

HIV, implores readers to “live HIV neutral,” already commonplace.

Attention should also be drawn to the fact and recently released a series of posters demFurther, it must be taken to heart that that approximately 28 per cent of Canadians onstrating how inaccurate notions of HIV/ treating HIV/AIDS consists of more than living with the Human adding to the pharmacopoea.

Immunodeficiency Virus Oliver Wendell Holmes (HIV) do not know that supposedly said in 1883, “if the they are infected – that whole material medica as used, is, 12,800 to 21,000 cases could be sunk in the bottom remain undiagnosed. In of the sea, it would be all the Manitoba, 16 per cent of better for mankind and all known cases are classified the worse for the fishes.” To as “critical late presenters” be completely honest, I could by the Manitoba HIV not disagree more. Modern Program. pharmaceuticals are absolutely These cases are troucentral to managing HIV. But bling for several reasons.

I accept the implication that One, they represent an there is more to treating (and increased viral load and eradicating) an illness than decreased number of CD4 drugs. There is more to wellT cells (critical players of being than seeing a good the cell-mediated immune doctor. system) in the individual.

For example, HIV needs to Two, late-presenting cases be managed at the population are costly to treat and level. This is a politico-socioaccount for 80 per cent of economic disease. According total provincial spending to my correspondence with on HIV/AIDS treatment.

Nine Circles, the province of Lastly, and perhaps most frustratingly, they AIDS are often embedded in the way we Manitoba recently cut funding for rapid HIV could be avoided with increased testing. speak about the subject. In Winnipeg, Nine tests. This is the wrong move, especially if we “Testing rates are low across the coun- Circles is a hub for information on HIV/ agree that prevention is a big part of the cure. try,” a representative of Winnipeg’s Nine AIDS, as well as support and treatment.

Needle exchange programs should become Circles Community Health Centre told the Despite the availability of information, more advertised and widely available. Free Manitoban. “As a result many people are diag- one important question is left without a defin- condoms should be ubiquitous. nosed late in their illness, which complicates itive answer: What will it take for Manitoba In closing, a quote from the experts at treatment considerably.” to see a drop in new infections rates such Nine Circles is most appropriate. Surely, it In Canada, unlike in Cuba in the late as UNAIDS just reported for Eastern and applies to our city as well: 1980s, the seropositive were never segregated Southern Africa?

“Getting to Zero is one of the UNAIDS and locked into a “national sanatorium,” but The answer has something to do with goals. Internationally, a theme in worldas Jacalyn Duffin notes in her book History recognizing that HIV/AIDS is a fluid con- wide AIDS response is ‘Getting to Zero: of Medicine, this was “despite initial demands cept. It manifests itself in subtly different Zero new infections, zero AIDS-related to the contrary.” And even today, here, in ways in different places and times. The kind deaths, and zero discrimination.’ It’s a high Winnipeg, Manitoba, and across Canada (the staff member at Nine Circles elucidated this standard [ . . . ] It will take a long time to cradle of progressive politics), persons living concept for me. get there but every little step counts.”

10

Comment

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

New pet owner bylaw misguided Cat licensing puts unfair burden on pet owners Michael Welch

O

n July 17, Winnipeg City Toronto should be reconsidered.

Council voted 12-4 on an According to the report, “With amended Responsible Pet Owner only 30 per cent of owned dogs and Bylaw which, among other things, 10 per cent of owned cats licensed, forces cat owners to license their the value of the program is not pets. evident.”

The annual cost to cat owners I don’t expect Winnipeg’s comwill range from $15 to $50 depend- pliance rate to be any different from ing on whether or not the cat was that of Toronto. fixed. Owners will be fined $250 for It is extremely expensive curnon-compliance. rently for people of modest means Mandatory cat licensing goes or low income to get their animals into effect on January 1, 2015. fixed and inoculated. For some Not everybody is happy about people, the mandatory licensing this strategy. requirement might convince them One major incentive for this that they were hasty in making the plan is that it may help get a handle decision to adopt a pet in the first on the overpopulation of feral cats place. They might end up giving the in the city. animal away or, worse, abandoning 50 per cent of the gross pro- it altogether. ceeds from licensing fees will be Last December, I rescued a spent on enhancing the Winnipeg kitten crying in the cold outside Humane Society’s spay and neuter late at night on the University of programs and funding of partner Winnipeg campus. I have since organizations. adopted it, not so much out of a Lynne Scott, founder and execu- desire to own a cat as out of contive director of Craig Street Cats, cern for the welfare of a vulnerable a Winnipeg-based organization critter. which specializes in the manI have taken her to the vet to agement and rescue of the city’s have her fixed at a cost of over $200 roaming cat population, believes and continue to spend more than I the money generated through these otherwise would to look after my fees will come nowhere close to new companion. what is needed to deal with the True, the adorable furball has kitty boom. added to my quality of life. But One of the key failures of this it annoys me that responsible “cat tax” is the implicit refusal to pet owners are being tasked with recognize that the cat overpopula- financing a program aimed at solvtion problem is a community prob- ing a problem they had no hand in lem and not merely an issue for pet creating. owners. The proposed licensing As Lynne Scott told city council, scheme puts an inordinate burden “Winnipeg’s community cats are a on responsible pet owners, people community problem; dealing with who take the time and shell out the them will require a communityexpense to have their animal com- based solution.” Mustering commupanions fixed, vaccinated, fed, and nity resources through something appropriately sheltered. like a $1 per household per year On a more practical level, how is levy to finance a low cost spay and licensing going to be enforced? neuter program would make a lot A KPMG study reviewed a sim- more sense than counting on a ilar program in the city of Toronto poorly-thought-through solution and put forward the recommenda- funded by only 10 per cent of the tion that cat and dog licensing in cat-owning public.

photo by: tom ingram

The great suburban illusion Riverbend Habitat concerns are masking something unwholesome Tom Ingram, staff

T

he Habitat for Humanity housing density. All of these were development in Winnipeg’s shown by Habitat for Humanity Riverbend neighbourhood is near- Winnipeg CEO Sandy Hopkins ing completion. Of a proposed 10 to be unfounded. side-by-side units, half have been It’s hard to escape the conclucompleted and half are almost done. sion that these complaints are a fig As a resident of the area, I feel that leaf. Though everything said at the now is a good time to take another meeting was veiled by politeness, look at the issues surrounding the the project’s opponents were happy project. to make their real opinions known Habitat for Humanity is an in other venues. Hopkins read from international charity dedicated to an email he had received regarding building high quality but afford- the development: “We know what able housing for low-income fam- will eventually go into those places: ilies. The families, who are vetted more crimes, more drugs, drinkto establish financial stability and ing parties, and probably pimping legitimate need, have to put in a too.” certain number of hours of “sweat equity.” This usually means helping to build the house alongside The politely volunteers, both to develop home stated “concerns” maintenance skills and to encourage a sense of pride in their creation. about the Habitat In return for this, the family gets for Humanity an interest-free mortgage.

Habitat is a wonderful organ- development are ization that builds communities barely disguised and helps prepare hardworking low-income families for home race and class rage ownership. Unfortunately, when the organization announced that The politely stated “concerns” it was planning a development for the corner of Fernbank and Main about the Habitat for Humanity in the far north part of the city, a development are barely disguised group of concerned citizens lost race and class rage. People are concerned about property values. their collective shit.

At the Oct. 11, 2011, meeting No one is ever concerned about of the city’s Lord Selkirk-West property values unless the plebes Kildonan Community Committee, are invading their Tolkienian area residents spoke out in favour of paradise.

The project will probably be a and against the development. The issues brought up by opponents of positive thing for Riverbend. It will the development were rather petty bring good people into the area, – concerns about things like visitor develop the infrastructure at the parking, increased traffic, and crucial Fernbank-Main intersec-

tion, and replace the parcel of fallow marshy land that once greeted visitors to the neighbourhood with beautiful well-built homes that testify to a strong sense of community fellowship.

Riverbend has always been one of those neighbourhoods that is hermetically sealed against the rest of the city. No major roads pass through the area. One of its longstanding problems is the lack of a good connecting road to the nearby Garden City area, which means that you have to drive a considerable distance to get anywhere.

The area’s houses are overpriced middle class suburban family homes. Most of what they’re paying for is the great suburban illusion, the trade-off of cultural vitality in exchange for a narrowly conceived peace and quiet. Who cares if there’s nothing to do in the area?

Everyone who matters has a car and infinite money for gas, right?

As the area is developed, especially in ways that bring muchneeded diversity to the community, the illusion gradually dissolves. This can be frightening for those who were heavily invested in it, but the suburban illusion is not good for the soul. It makes suburban kids grow up to be small-minded, myopic, and afraid of the world beyond their immaculately groomed front streets. The Habitat for Humanity project on Fernbank is one more heartening step toward Riverbend gaining its rightful status as a real neighbourhood. I can think of few things better for the area or the people who live there. God speed the plow.

Comment Editor: katerina tefft Contact: comment@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Comment

11

Canadian justice system failing Aboriginal people Restorative justice, self-government needed to correct “systemic discrimination” Katerina Tefft, staff

T

he relationship bet ween Aboriginal people and the Canadian criminal justice system is broken, and evidence is mounting that a radical change is necessary.

An October 2012 report by Canada’s Office of the Correctional Investigator found that Aboriginal people constitute only four per cent of the Canadian population but 23 per cent of the federal prison inmate population, and that the population of Aboriginal people incarcerated in Canada has increased by 40 per cent between 2001-2002 and 20102011. The report also found that Aboriginal people are sentenced to longer terms, spend more time in maximum security or segregation, are less likely to be granted parole, and are more likely to have their parole revoked. Correctional Investigator Howard Sapers concluded that these inequalities amount to “systemic discrimination.”

Furthermore, according to the findings of the 1991 Aboriginal Justice Inquiry, Aboriginal people, if convicted, were greater than 2.5 times more likely than non-Aboriginal people to be sentenced to some form of incarceration; this rate is considerably higher for Aboriginal women. It was also found that Aboriginal people on average faced 25 per cent more charges than non-Aboriginal people, and that Aboriginal people had only a 21 per cent chance of being granted bail compared with 56 per cent for non-Aboriginal people.

Alarmingly, Aboriginal women, who make up only four per cent of the Canadian female population, constitute 34 per cent of the female federal inmate population. The number of female Aboriginal inmates has increased by 86.4 per cent in the last 10 years.

Unfortunately, the Harper government seems disinterested in rectifying the situation. Not only did the correctional investigator’s report find “no new significant investments at the community level for federal aboriginal initiatives,” but Sapers has said that the government’s response to his report has been to either disagree with every recommendation or simply reinforce what the correctional service is already doing.

This is hardly surprising; the Harper Conservatives have done much to regress the Canadian justice system. Their 2012 omnibus crime bill, Bill C-10—which imposes mandatory minimum sentences—is expected to carry a price tag of $19 billion. In 2011, the Harper government announced it would spend $158 million on prison expansion in four provinces, and $2 billion over the next five years to take in an estimated 4,000 new inmates.

Furthermore, a recent report by Canada’s Parliamentary Budget Office found that between 2002 and 2012, justice spending increased by

illustration by: bradly wohlgemuth

23 per cent, while crime rates have Aboriginal people matched other simultaneously fallen that same Canadians by 2026 would be $36.5 amount. billion. The reduction in government Many Aboriginal organizations expenditures if these outcomes were have spoken out against Harper’s achieved would be an additional $14.2 policies and Bill C-10, such as billion. the Ontario Federation of Indian Clearly the mainstream justice Friendship Centres, which wrote system is failing Aboriginal peoto the prime minister, “It will be ple, and the situation has reached Aboriginal offenders, those most dis- a breaking point. The solution is a proportionately represented in pris- radical one: a return to traditional ons and at every stage of the justice Aboriginal restorative justice, but system in Canada, who will be most only in the context of Aboriginal affected by this draconian legislation.” self-government.

The Women’s Legal Education and A 2010 Environics Institute study Action Fund also wrote, “Through found that more than half of urban its [ . . . ] ‘one size fits all’ approach Aboriginal people had little or no to sentencing, Bill C-10 adopts a for- confidence in the justice system and malistic approach to equality that will were more than twice as likely as the serve to perpetuate the historic disad- general Canadian population to feel vantage of marginalized groups.” this way. Clearly, the system lacks Harper is sinking billions into legitimacy in the eyes of Aboriginal prisons instead of social program- people, and it is not hard to underming, while one in four Aboriginal stand why. children in Canada live below the Firstly, their relationship to the poverty line. Locking up minor drug Canadian state is complicated by a offenders will not close the 28.8 per history of genocide and colonialism. cent income gap between Aboriginal Prior to colonization, Aboriginal peopeople and other Canadians; it will ples were autonomous and self-govonly perpetuate the well-documented erned. They had no prisons, yet had cycle of crime and poverty. In fact, fully functioning societies for thouinvesting in health and education sands of years. The western European instead of incarceration would benefit model of criminal justice was forcnot only Aboriginal people but the ibly imposed upon them, as was the Canadian economy as well.

Canadian state itself. Secondly, the For example, each inmate in western European model, with its the correctional system costs the focus on punishment, isolation, and federal government approximately individualism, is totally incompatible $110,000 per year, while one year with traditional Aboriginal values of of supervised release costs only non-hierarchy, community, healing, $30,000. Furthermore, according and interdependence. to the National Council of Welfare, Restorative justice, the alternathe increase in market output if edu- tive to incarceration, can take many cational and labour standards for forms, including community sentenc-

ing circles, victim-offender mediation, appease Aboriginal people by giving community service, sweats and other the illusion that the system is culturcultural activities, counselling, heal- ally appropriate and non-oppressive, ing circles, essays written for self-re- while hijacking their traditions and flection, restitution, formal apologies, spirituality. and drug and alcohol rehabilitation.

This surface indigenization also Restorative justice differs signifi- damages Aboriginal communities. cantly from the current Canadian sys- As researcher Jessie Sutherland writes, tem in that it focuses on addressing it “co-opts First Nations leaders and the root cause of the crime, allowing community members into believing the offender to take responsibility they are contributing to significant for his or her own actions, repairing cultural renewal and self-determithe damage done by the crime, and nation. However, in administering allowing everyone affected by the Canadian law they become ‘agency crime to heal. Rather than rely on Indians’ for the Canadian state.” professionals and authority figures, For example, the traditional role it places responsibility for solving the of elders in Aboriginal communiconflict in the hands of those parties ties has been that of teachers and directly involved in and affected by healers, but under the indigenized the crime. It also focuses on strength- Canadian justice system, they have ening the offender’s personal relation- become more like judges who aid in ships, rather than isolating them from sentencing. This turns traditional loved ones. non-hierarchical Aboriginal justice However, restorative justice can on its head, and insidiously enforces only truly reflect Aboriginal tradi- western European values of hierarchy tions in the context of self-govern- and authoritarianism in Aboriginal ment. The small changes made to the communities.

Canadian justice system thus far to The goal, therefore, of Aboriginal make it more inclusive to Aboriginal justice reform must be self-governpractices are problematic because ment and a return to true restorative their purpose is only to make the justice. Only this can correct the sysexisting system more efficient, as temic discrimination that Aboriginal opposed to addressing the question people face in the Canadian criminal of its very legitimacy. justice system.

These so-called restorative justice initiatives erode Aboriginal tradiKaterina Tefft will be presenting tions by taking them out of their on the topic of Aboriginal justice at the intended context and placing them Whose Winnipeg? Neoliberalism, within a western European system Settler Colonialism, and the that is based on totally incompatible Production of Urban Space workshop values. The traditions that are left on August 20th. Visit http://opencuny. are fragmentary and watered down, org/whosewinnipeg2013/ for details. further whitewashing Aboriginal identity. Moreover, they attempt to

12

Comment

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

Empty the tanks!

Marineland protestors on the right side of history Carlyn Schellenberg, staff

O

n the afternoon of July 27, 2013 the first International Empty the Tanks protests occurred simultaneously in various locations around the world. I had the pleasure of attending the event at Marineland, along with over 200 other dissidents.

For decades, anti-captivity activists have been protesting against the inhumane capture of marine mammals and their subsequent enclosure in tanks for entertainment purposes.

With their level of intelligence and social nature, perhaps it is most alarming that dolphins and orca whales are captive.

Marineland Animal Defense (MAD), a grassroots campaign in Ontario, organized the protest at Marineland as part of Empty the Tanks.

Marineland had initially put in place injunctions against MAD and

its co-founder Dylan Powell. While rily silent protest was to “shut it parks in San Diego and Vallejo, Perhaps at some stage in the fight California; Orlando; Chicago; for animal freedom, other countries they were adjourned before the pro- down.” test, an Aug. 9 court order against Some protesters may have Oahu; Baltimore; Vancouver; will follow India’s example, banning Powell ultimately changes the way been there in support of Kiska, Toronto; Hong Kong; London; dolphin parks after recognizing dolprotesting can occur and restricts Marineland’s only orca whale, Edinburgh; the Netherlands; Japan; phins as “non-human persons.” the wording on signs used for future or out of concern over the two Australia; and Argentina.

The future looks bright. At A protest also occurred near Marineland, I saw children on both protests. Marineland recently filed recent beluga whale deaths, reacha $1.5 million defamation lawsuit ing a total of 20 beluga deaths at Georgia Aquarium, an Atlanta sides of the fence. One young girl marine park that has since been leaving the park gave a thumbsagainst activist Mike Garrett as Marineland since 1999. well. To some extent, activists are There are numerous independ- denied by NOAA Fisheries a down as we chanted and asked, still being kept silent. ent concerns related to each marine request for 18 Russian beluga “How many animals died today?”

As I approached Marineland and park and aquarium, such as water whales, based on the U.S.’s Marine But perhaps the people who will stood outside the fence, the pro- quality and tank sizes, but all issues Mammal Protection Act. change history were the children While this act “prohibits kill- on my side of the fence, who held testers had tape placed over their are rooted in the fact that these animouths to symbolize this act of mals are in captivity. ing, taking or harassing any marine up signs and led chants into the silencing.

The notion of releasing animals mammal without a permit and bans megaphone.

One day, marine mammals will They picketed in two lines – from captivity rippled around the the importation of any part or prodone facing the road, numerous world and grew stronger on July uct of a nursing marine mammal, or get their retirement; they will be cars honking in support, and the 27: a protest held in Miami was his or her mother,” Canada’s marine released from the walls that curother facing the chain-link fence joined by Dolphin Project founder mammals are not fortunate enough rently surround them into a welsurrounding the park. Despite the Ric O’Barry, who appears in the to benefit from such protections, as coming and infinite ocean.

We will set them free. lack of noise, protesters managed 2009 Academy-Award-winning there are no laws regarding their to pique the curiosity of customers documentary The Cove. safety. Furthermore, Ontario loitering at the gate.

The International Empty the aquariums do not even need to The purpose of this prima- Tanks protest covered marine license dolphins and whales.

Comment Editor: Katerina Tefft Contact: comment@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Comment

13

Getting serious about male-on-male violence Trayvon Martin case raises questions of masculinity as well as race Chris Hearn

T

he Trayvon Martin/George Zimmerman story needs little introduction. Even though it occurred far south of the Canadian border in sunny Florida, the media coverage has been hard to miss.

Much of the debate concerning this story has been focused on the issue of race. Some insist that the case is one of racial profiling, in which neighbourhood watch patroller Zimmerman saw Martin as a threat simply because he was black. Some argue that this had nothing to do with race and everything to do with self-defence – that Martin started the fight and Zimmerman was merely protecting himself.

But what is being lost here is perfectly acceptable and is, in many something that is seldom addressed: ways, encouraged. male-on-male violence. We have Male-on-male violence is a comsucceeded in making domestic vio- mon problem. We see young men lence, child abuse, and hate crime regularly getting into fights following violence unacceptable in our society. “last call” at nightclubs; these altercaYet, for some reason, male-on-male tions are often brushed off as “boys violence isn’t addressed sufficiently. being boys.” We see it in the actions In fact, two or more men having a of kids involved in gangs, who fight or violent confrontation is considered kill over territory or honour. We see

illustration by: Gloria joe

grown men pounding the living snot out of one another while on ice skates while thousands of people cheer them on after paying big dollars for seats in an arena to see it. It isn’t celebrated when a player backs down from another, or doesn’t stand up and face the aggressor with violence. We see it in football, soccer, basketball, and baseball as well. A fight breaks out

on a court or field and fans go wild.

It’s expected. It’s celebrated.

Male-on-male violence is not taken seriously, nor is it adequately discouraged. I believe this is the case in the Martin/Zimmerman story. A situation that could have so easily been diffused ended in the needless death of a young man. And with the “Stand Your Ground” law in Florida,

it’s almost encouraged for someone to do just that: stay and fight and not back down. Stick to your guns, pun intended.

It’s still seen by some as “manly” to stand up and fight and “cowardly” to back down. And as long as this continues, the violence will persist at an unknown cost to society. We just don’t know the impact this type of violence is having; there isn’t adequate research done on the subject.

Violence between men must be addressed and tackled, as are other acts of violence. Why is this point being lost in the Martin/Zimmerman affair? Why focus on race and not look at gender? Why not look at the fact that these were two males, regardless of skin colour or social class?

How long can we let men hurt and kill each other without stepping in, as we do when violence is done to other groups? How many lives can be saved if we start to look seriously at male-on-male violence?

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Science & Technology

Science & Technology Editor: Tom Ingram Contact: science@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Tasting numbers The curious case of synaesthesia Jeremiah Yarmie

illustration by: bradly wohlgemuth

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magine a world where you could see noises and taste words – a place where Thursday is stubborn and the number three is always found above your right shoulder. For four per cent of the general population, this is not a mental exercise, but the way they experience the world around them.

Synaesthesia, from the Greek syn (together) and aesthesis (sensation), is a neurological condition where one sensory pathway is coupled to another.

It is seen as an alternative way to perceive the world, and is not considered a disorder. Those with synaesthesia

are known as synaesthetes.

Congenital synaesthesia is automatic, involuntary, and consistent throughout the lifetime. There are more than 60 forms of the condition, composed of many sensation combinations. Synaesthesia types follow the notation “trigger sensation->concurrent sensation.”

Sound->colour synaesthetes experience noises as being inherently coloured, while ordinal->linguistic personification results in numbers, days, and months having distinct personalities.

Some famous synaesthetes While shopping for groceries, his include physicist Richard Feynman, purchases were influenced by the who experienced coloured equations, colour of the advertisements. Black and inventor Nikola Tesla, who and white letters for items such as experienced unpleasant tastes when chicken were innocuous, but blue he dropped paper squares into a liq- lettered adverts resulted in the man uid-filled dish. Synaesthetes often sensing that the chicken did not have creative minds, and there is smell right. Interestingly, the man a prevalence of synaesthetes in the can voluntarily suppress all of these artistic community. synaesthetic experiences.

Non-congenital synaesthesia, The most common form of synaesknown as adventitious synaesthesia, thesia, grapheme->colour, is found can be caused by a number of fac- in 45-65 per cent of all synaesthetes. tors including psychedelic drug use, In grapheme->colour synaesthesia, stroke, or deafness or blindness. A letters and numbers (graphemes) are 45-year-old man from Toronto has the perceived as being innately tinged. second known case of adventitious The associations between letters synaesthesia elicited by a stroke. Nine and colours are unique amongst months after having a stroke located individual synaesthetes. There are, in his thalamus, the man started however, similarities in associations. noticing differences in his sensa- For example, the letter “A” usually tions. He developed sound->colour, has a redder hue. Common letters sound->tactile, and visual->gustatory are often associated with common synaesthesia. colours.

The man also acquired a unique Graphemes that are similarly conceptual form of synaesthesia, shaped often have similar shades. which is induced by simply think- There are similarities within the ing of the stimulus. The sound of sharp letter group of “KVWXY” brass instruments in the James and the curved group of “CDOQU.” Bond theme music produced feel- Grapheme->colour synaesthesia ings he described as “orgasmic.” often enhances memory for word lists

without disturbing normal processing. Projectors are grapheme->colour synaesthetes who have their associations applied to their surrounding environments. They make up 5 to 6 per cent of synaesthetes. Associators are grapheme->colour synaesthetes who experience their associations in their “mind’s eye,” and make up the majority of grapheme->colour synaesthetes.

The familial ties amongst synaesthetes indicate a strong genetic link to synaesthesia. Forty percent of syanesthetes have a close relative who also has synaesthesia. There is a high rate of transmissibility from a parent to child. The specific form of synaesthesia expressed varies amongst family members. This suggests that there is a genetic predisposition to synaesthesia, and not to its direct manifestation. Those with one form of synaesthesia often have another.

Synaesthesia is an interesting way of observing the wiring of the human brain. By studying the neuroscience and genetics of the condition, we can better explore our most intricate organ.

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

Science & Technology

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A day in the life: PCR redux Performing the experiment Elizabeth Drewnik

The experiment, in short: 1. Polymerase chain reaction: We make copies of the DNA sample we are studying so we have enough to work with.

2. Electrophoresis: We use an electric current to make our DNA sample travel through a gel. We do the same with a standard DNA sample containing strands of known size.

3. Analysis: We compare our sample with the standard sample in the gel. Large DNA strands will not travel as far as small ones, which means we will have bands of DNA sorted by strand size.

By comparing this gradient with the standard one, we can determine the size of the DNA strands in our sample.

Key terms:

illustration by: caroline norman

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elcome back! This issue, we’ll pass through relatively quickly, while ard ladder and make interpretations. be finishing up the PCR experi- others will pass through the pores The sizes of the bands, as well as the ment. Last time, we left off with our much more slowly. The result is that number of copies, are details we look extracted mouse DNA samples sit- large bands of DNA will remain at for when analyzing DNA electroting in the fridge. Now, we’re going the top of the gel, while smaller DNA phoresis printouts.

Gaffes and flubs to thaw the samples out and begin the bands will travel further down. Over time, we establish a size gradient of As straightforward as this experiamplification of our DNA! DNA bands that we can measure. ment sounds, if not performed with Polymerase chain reaction We first need to establish a “mas- We’ll get into some of those details care, simple errors can occur that jeopardize efforts made to get to ter mix.” The master mix holds all of below.

The first step of setting up the this point. the components necessary for DNA Though I have not specified the amplification. This includes the tem- electrophoresis procedure is to make plate DNA (the strand of DNA that the gel. A certain quantity of agarose quantity of each component required will be used as the starting point for powder is added to a buffer. We then for a master mix, the importance of amplification); DNA polymerase add a very small amount of “GelRed,” accurate calculations for each ingre(an enzyme responsible for stringing a fluorescent gel stain that will let dient cannot be ignored. Simply put, together nucleotides, the building us see the bands of DNA later. We if there is too much or too little of a blocks of DNA); primers (reaction then mix the solution thoroughly and master mix component, the expocomponents that will help DNA heat it for a couple of minutes in the nential reactions of the PCR will most likely not provide a significant polymerase attach onto the DNA); microwave.

Once the gel is cool enough to han- amount of amplified DNA, and dNTPs (deoxynucleotide triphosphates, the nucleotide building blocks dle, though still hot enough to be in possibly even incorrectly amplified of DNA); restriction enzymes (used liquid form, it is poured into an elec- DNA. When making the agarose gels, it for cutting strands of DNA at specific trophoresis apparatus. This is a holding locations); as well as a buffer and some tank that keeps the gel in place so the is very important to actually rememcurrent can run through it. Once we ber to add GelRed. Colleagues and other components.

Once all the ingredients of the pour the gel and confirm that there are myself have committed the mistake master mix are combined, we put no leaks, we insert a comb into the top of making the gel without including the test tubes in a thermocycler – a of the gel. This creates wells that the GelRed. The result is that no bands machine that regulates the tempera- amplified DNA can be loaded into so will be visible. There are instances ture conditions for the PCR reaction. that it can be exposed to the current. when bands are not visible even When the gel has solidified and though GelRed has been added – this As mentioned in the previous installment of A day in the life, the thermo- the DNA samples have finished is also crucial for the interpretation. cycler has three temperature stages: amplifying in the thermocycler, we However, if we are not sure whether denaturing (95 Celsius), annealing (60 can proceed with the electrophoresis. or not GelRed has been added, this C), and elongation (75 C). This pat- We remove the comb from the gel, fill interpretation cannot be made and tern of temperature fluctuation occurs the electrophoresis tank with buffer the electrophoresis must be perfor roughly two hours, resulting in solution, and load the first well with formed again.

When running the electrophoresis, approximately 30 cycles of exponential a standard “DNA ladder.” The ladder contains DNA strands of various sizes, you always want to make sure that the DNA amplification. which will create bands in order of negative charge is attached to the top Electrophoresis While the thermocycler is run- greatest to smallest size. By compar- of the gel, and the positive charge to ning, we can start setting up the gels ing these bands with the bands of our the bottom. Remember: DNA is negthat will be used for electrophoresis. sample DNA, we are able to analyze atively charged. We want the DNA to run from the top to the bottom of the Electrophoresis is a process that uses our DNA. Once all the wells of gel are loaded, well. If the current is applied in the an electric current to run strands of DNA through a gel. DNA is nega- we hook up the electrophoresis appa- opposite way, the entire experiment tively charged, so it will travel from ratus to an electric current and let it will be ruined: the DNA will run off a negative to a positive end of an sit. When we return from our other the gel in the wrong direction and the established current. With the help of tasks—lunch break!—we shut off samples will be lost. restriction enzymes, the DNA is cut the power source and remove the gel from the apparatus. The gel is brought That’s it for this issue. Tune in next into many differently sized strands.

The gel contains pores of various to an imaging machine that takes a time, when we examine the technique sizes. Depending on the size of the photo, allowing us to see the bands. known as western blotting! pore, certain strands will be able to We compare the bands to the stand-

Thermocycler: A machine that allows for multiple temperatures to be cycled in a pattern. The majority of labs have this technology. Prior to the thermocycler, three baths of separate temperatures would be established and scientists would manually cycle the PCR tubes through the baths. Thermocycler technology makes PCR work much easier, as technicians and researchers are able to work multiple projects simultaneously or take a lunch break.

Agarose gel: A gel with many different-sized pores. It is made from agarose powder, a chain of sugar molecules extracted from seaweed. Large strands of DNA are only able to pass through large pores, and will remain at the top of the gel. Small strands of DNA will be able to pass through smaller pores, and will be able to continue where larger strands cannot. Thus, smaller strands generally appear lower on the gel.

Electrophoresis apparatus: An apparatus that carries a charge from one end to another. The charge establishes a negative pole and a positive pole. Since DNA is negatively charged, DNA will run from the negative pole to the positive pole. Here, it is important to establish the correct charge at the correct end, so that DNA runs to the bottom of the gel, rather than off of it.

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Science & Technology

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

The right to not be spied on Rehabilitating online privacy after Prism Tom Ingram, staff

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n a world increasingly driven by the exchange of data over the Internet, the issue of online privacy is never far from the public eye. This is especially true recently, in the wake of the revelations about the extensive program of all-but-warrantless online surveillance by the NSA and similar organizations in other countries. The stakes are higher in this day and age – we are now more likely to do our banking online, for example, and the explosion of information giants like Google has made it easier than ever for organizations to draw sophisticated conclusions about you from a small amount of data.

An important point about the Edward Snowden leaks that has not been widely publicized is that modern data analysis is so powerful that big inferences can be drawn from relatively small amounts of information. A famous paper published in 2000 found that 87 per cent of Americans can be uniquely identified by the combination of their ZIP code, gender, and date of birth – all of which are generally considered public information. The article highlighted the consequences this has for “anonymous” public records that contain this kind of information –they are not anonymous at all.

Since that time statistical analysis has only become more powerful. A couple years ago, a scientist named Kalev Leetaru used a supercomputer known as “Nautilus” to run statistical analyses on a large corpus of global news articles. One of his results was that he was able to “retroactively predict” the hiding place of Osama bin Laden. By correlating news articles that mentioned bin Laden before his death, Leetaru’s system narrowed down his location to a 200 km radius containing Abbottabad, Pakistan, where the al-Qaeda leader was eventually found.

The problem is that, while it takes very little information to identify you and draw major conclusions about your habits, you cannot avoid putting at least some information out there.

One of the basic tensions in online privacy is between the user’s desire to keep their information private and their need to give information to websites in order for certain online services to work. This is best illustrated by “cookies,” which are small files left on your computer by websites you visit, accessible only to the site that leaves them.

Some sources will tell you that cookies are harmful to your computer. This is not strictly true because a cookie is just a piece of text that persists after you close a website and allows the site to identify you again.

If cookies did not exist, your logins would only be good for one page view,

are large databases out there with nals: citizens of oppressive regimes vast amounts of detailed informa- that censor the Internet, visitors to tion about millions of people. And, forums for rape and abuse survivors, as Edward Snowden’s NSA leak has journalists, and members of non-govconfirmed, the people who have this ernmental organizations. It is not clear data are not terribly scrupulous about to what extent these groups, who have protecting the privacy of users – who legitimate reasons for pursuing privacy, are, after all, the product, not the might have been compromised. customers.

Perhaps more relevant to the averFor most of us, these minor viola- age user is the fact that large conclutions of privacy are of little concern. sions can be drawn from small data.

Even the fairly major violation repre- One of the significant points in the sented by the NSA’s data collection in Prism story was that the NSA was the U.S. does not affect most people unable to provide an estimate of how in any significant way. The fact that many Americans had been “inadthe NSA has a single line in their vertently” spied on. Simply counting database indicating that you phoned them was a computationally intracPizza Hut at 2 a.m. on August 5 has table proposition. That’s how much practically no bearing on your life. data they have. If we recall Leetaru And since protecting privacy is such a and Nautilus, it becomes clear that tricky proposition, why do we bother not even our Pizza Hut phone call log is innocent. with it?

Most importantly, protecting But there are people for whom the right to privacy does matter. We privacy is a matter of principle. The sometimes talk as if the only peo- Canadian Charter of Rights and illustration by: Dany Reede ple who would ever need privacy are Freedoms includes a protection against criminals, but this is not the case. unreasonable search and seizure, and and you would have to retype your This can be illustrated by a recent this has been interpreted as implying a user name and password every time news story. A security flaw was legal right to the protection of privacy. you clicked a link. This would make recently discovered in Tor, a widely For what it’s worth, the UN’s Universal web-based applications like Facebook used anonymity program. A piece of Declaration of Human Rights states: nearly impossible. malicious software was able to use a “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary However, many sites—especially vulnerability in Firefox to execute interference with his privacy, family, ones with ads—will embed a bit of code on users’ computers. Since the home or correspondence.” code from a tracker site that lets the exploiter can run any code they want, The idea of a right to privacy as a tracker put a cookie on your computer they could do anything up to and basic component of human dignity is without you knowingly visiting their including taking over the affected fairly entrenched. Part of the point web page. That allows the tracker or computers. Instead they are simply of having a right is that you do not advertising provider to trace your sending IP information to a location have to justify yourself. Philosopher movements across all the websites in Reston, Virginia.

Ronald Dworkin describes rights as they are connected with.

This is believed to be the FBI’s “trumps” which permit or prevent cerGenerally this is pretty harm- law enforcement spyware program, tain courses of action, even if those less stuff—it is used to track who observed for the first time in the wild. courses of action serve some noble is clicking on an ad and how often, Its recent dissemination coincides with social goal. So while, no doubt, some and to provide advertising targeted the arrest of Eric Eoin Marques, an fraction of the people the NSA has at specific users—but no one ever Irish-American dual citizen who has been spying on actually are terrorists, straightforwardly asks your permis- been described by the FBI as “the catching them comes at too high a sion. The data is handled automati- largest facilitator of child porn on the cost if it violates the rights of countcally and most likely never seen by planet.” This is all well and good, but less others. human eyes, but the fact is that there Tor is used by people other than crimi-

Photo of the

Week "Florida Splash" by Juliana Kusyk http://julianakusyk.com/

Arts & Culture Editor: Kara Passey Contact: arts@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Arts & Culture

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Keep On Keepin’ On Graffiti from Los Angeles to grace walls of Winnipeg Kara Passey, staff

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raffiti Art Programming Inc.—also known as the Graffiti Gallery and GAP—is a not-for-profit community youth art centre that has been providing a space for young contemporary artists to develop and share their work since 1998. In addition to being an organization that provides programming and workshops, GAP also curates exhibitions for more established artists from across the globe.

Opening in the gallery on Aug. 15 is a collection of work by a Los Angeles-based artist, with the moniker RISK MSK, called Keep On Keepin’ On. RISK’s career started 30 years ago, as a 16-year-old freshly transplanted in L.A., when he was one of the first writers in Southern California to paint freight trains and “heavens” (more commonly known as freeway passes).

After starting the group West Coast Artists (WCA) with writers RIVAL and MINER, RISK found himself living a type of “Hollywood lifestyle” where he partied with rock stars and received commissions for major Hollywood projects. RISK worked on sets for movies such as Bill & Ted’s Excellent Adventure and on music video sets for artists such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Ice Cube, Bad Religion, and Michael Jackson.

Even with this commercial success, he continued to surpass the bound- Building—who got to participate aries of graffiti while doing tours firsthand in the large community art with WCA such as his “Bum Rush” project and soak in some of RISK’s tour, and another where he painted experience as a street artist with planes, trains, and automobiles. international exhibition credentials.

His next step was to take graffiti The next installment in the series from the streets and into a gallery will be located at 109 Higgins Ave., setting by launching a series of art the home of the Graffiti Gallery. shows called Third Rail alongside Every year, as funding allows, the writers DANTE and SLICK. GAP hosts a Battle of the Elements, After recognizing that not every- which includes a Canada-wide b-boy one could afford his artwork, RISK and graffiti battle. The b-boy elestarted putting his work on t-shirts ment will be absent this year, but and adapted Third Rail into a line of once again the exterior of the Graffiti graffiti-inspired clothing. He found Gallery has been buffed, making way success in clothing design, includ- for a new layer of original public art. ing winning designer of the year Early in the morning on Saturday, Aug. 17, writers ranging in experiawards.

Fast forward to today, where RISK ence from seasoned veterans to newis making his way to Winnipeg to comers doing their first throw up will install his latest work in the Graffiti line up to claim their piece of wall – Gallery, host a community beautifi- it’s on a first-come, first-served basis, cation project, and judge this year’s and prizes are awarded to the top annual graffiti battle. RISK’s current three participants. This year RISK work, referred to as his Beautifully will judge the competition alongside Destroyed series, works to uplift writer CHINO BYI. poorer communities by adding pure “This is insane! See pieces by RISK colour to urban landscapes. RISK in person—not in [magazines] or paints fire hydrants, mailboxes, and on the [Internet]—and the chance buildings in a visual testament to the (do we dare) to take part in a [compower of colour. The idea is to foster petition] judged by two legends?!” pride and encourage other acts of says commenter Kris Wuud, on the neighbourhood improvement, and to Facebook event page made for the also engage the public in a discussion battle. on the value of street art.

Keep On Keepin’ On by RISK One of the workshops took place on Thursday, Aug. 8, and the evi- runs at the Graffiti Gallery from Aug. dence is located at 5 Beaconsfield St. 15 to Oct. 15. For more information visit (North Point Douglas) in the form of www.graffitigallery.ca a building painted electric pink and purple. Participants of the workshop included staff from GAP’s Studio 5—formerly the Norquay Satellite

photo by: kara passey

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Arts & Culture

Arts & Culture Editor: Kara Passey Contact: arts@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

One week isn’t long enough Aboriginal Music Week gears up for its fifth consecutive year Kara Passey, staff

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rom Aug. 16 to 21 Winnipeg’s outdoor stages and nightclubs will be dedicated to showcasing First Nation, Inuit, Métis, and indigenous artists from North America and beyond. Aboriginal Music Week began in 2009 after the Manito Ahbee Festival discontinued their concert programming. This is the fifth consecutive year that Aboriginal Music Week has run; each year they showcase anywhere from 21 to 34 acts.

“The main goal of Aboriginal Music Week is to develop Aboriginal youth as an audience for live music,” says chairperson Alan Greyeyes. “We want Aboriginal youth to make concert-going a habit and to understand what it means to be a good audience member.”

In an effort to boost attendance, the festival was moved to August instead of its usual date in November.

The warmer weather makes it possible for the festival to include concerts on outside stages, such as the AMW stage on Saturday, Aug. 17 with Norman Chief Memorial Dancers, Indian City, DJ Javier Estrada, and Alex Lamoureux, or the Spence Neighbourhood Block Party on Sunday, Aug. 18 with Young Medicine, Leonard Sumner, Kim Erickson, DJ Miss Vee, and C-Weed Band.

There were also tickets donated to 12 different organizations, such as the North End Arts Centre at Ndinawemaaganag Endaawaad and Elmwood Community Resource Centre (Ka Ni Kanichihk), to be given to attendees who may not have the chance to attend the concerts otherwise. This year’s festival boasts 25 acts, with an estimated 1,060 paying attendees and 7,000 viewing for free – an almost 100 per cent increase from the previous year.

“We’re taking the music to the communities this year,” Greyeyes told CBC on June 10, 2013. “There’s a number of communities and neighbourhoods in Winnipeg where people don’t have enough money to buy tickets or take their families out to the venues. So we’re trying to engage them with events that are within walking distance of their homes.”

In addition to concert programming, the festival also involves a series of free workshops as part of their strategy to further the involvement of Aboriginal youth as both audience members and as performers. Instructors include George Leach (who is up for four Aboriginal Peoples Choice Music Awards, including Male Entertainer of the Year, Songwriter of the Year, Single of the Year, and Best Rock CD) as well as Juno-award-winner Leela Gilday. “[Leach] will be doing free workshops for youth focusing on music.

He’ll explain how and why he wrote some of his favourite songs and there will be time for youth to present their songs to him for feedback,” says Kim Wheeler, board member

and publicist.

“Northern songstress Leela Gilday will also do workshops and hers will include a musical performance along with discussions about songwriting and performing. They will also learn about song structure and her approach to writing and editing songs.”

This year’s lineup is a true reflection of the diverse community involved within Aboriginal Music Week. The eclectic mixed-genre event will showcase diverse acts: from blues, to singer-songwriters, electronica, and hip-hop – a week just doesn’t seem long enough. The musicians range from emerging local artists to established performers, and the organizers are proud to reach out to talents of all experience levels.

“We have worked with several emerging artists from Winnipeg and [the surrounding] area,” says Wheeler. “[We] have been lucky enough to watch their careers continuously climb and evolve. We’ve had Don Amero, Leonard Sumner (aka Lorenzo), and Ali Fontaine – to name a few.”

“We first brought in A Tribe Called Red in 2010, before anyone had really heard of them outside of their hometown of Ottawa.

Although the show did pretty [well], it wasn’t until the next year that they sold out, and the year after that.

ATCR is the only act that has played the festival more than twice.”

The electronic music group, A Tribe Called Red, blend an innovative combination of hip hop, dubstep, and traditional powwow to create what they call “the electric powwow” or “powwow-step.” The three DJs—Ian “DJ NDN” Campeau, Dan “DJ Shub” General, and Bear Witness—have been shortlisted for a 2013 Polaris Music Prize, and are the first all-Aboriginal group to even be nominated for the award.

ATCR are vocal supporters of Idle No More, and attribute some of their success to the energy surrounding the movement.

“I don’t think it’s a coincidence that Idle No More, A Tribe Called Red, and all these things are happening [within the first generation] that weren’t forced into residential schools,” DJ NDN told AUX on Aug. 8, 2013. “So now we’re not taken from our families and [forcefed a certain way]. Now we’re able to think [in a way] that we haven’t really been able to for the past [ . . . ] two centuries.”

DJ Shub made it to the finals of the Red Bull DJ Thre3Style World Championships in September 2012, and performed at the Winnipeg Folk Festival this past year with ATCR. This year he will be doing a solo performance for Aboriginal Music Week on Monday, Aug. 19 at Winnipeg’s brand new venue, the Union Sound Hall (located at 110 Market Ave.), an event presented by the University of Manitoba’s Aboriginal Students Association.

photos Courtesy of Aboriginal Music Week

EVENING CONCERTS Fri., Aug. 16 George Leach | Digging Roots | Desiree Dorion | Arthur Renwick The Pyramid Cabaret Fri., Aug. 16 Turquoise Soul | The Mosquitoz | Nick Sherman | Leonard Sumner | Leela Gilday | George Leach | DJ Shub | Digging Roots | Derek Miller | C-Weed Band Various locations Sat., Aug. 17 Turquoise Soul | Shayne Watson Designs | DJ Rahdil | DJ Kiss | DJ Javier Estrada | Clap Pina The Pyramid Cabaret Sun., Aug. 18 Spoils | Nick Sherman | Ghostkeeper | Derek Miller The Pyramid Cabaret

Mon., Aug. 19 Namowan | Jackson 2bears | DJ Shub Union Sound Hall Thurs. Aug. 22 Leonard Sumner | Derek Miller | Ali Fontaine Winnipeg Convention Centre

free CONCERTS Sat., Aug. 17 Norman Chief Memorial Dancers | Indian City | DJ Javier Estrada | Alex St. John’s Park Sun., Aug. 18 Young Medicine | Leonard Sumner | Kim Erickson | DJ Miss Vee | C-Weed Band Magnus Eliason Recreation Centre

Mon., Aug. 19 The Mosquitoz | Kristi Lane Sinclair Amphitheatre on Selkirk Avenue Tues., Aug. 20 Desiree Dorion | D'Aoust Brothers University of Winnipeg, front lawn Tues., Aug. 20 Vince Fontaine & Jay Bodner King’s Head Pub Wed., Aug. 21 Leela Gilday Old Market Square

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

Arts & Culture

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Folklorama 2013 A celebration of our diverse cultural identity

Navigating sex after sexual assault: from one survivor to another

Zaira Rodriguez

jodie layne, volunteer staff

Please note: This is not a comprehensive resource and does not substitute for counselling or therapy. If you are a survivor of sexual assault and are experiencing PTSD or having a difficult time with physical intimacy, please seek a kind ear and the expertise of the folks at Klinic Community Health Care’s Sexual Assault Crisis Program at (204) 784-4049.

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exual assault can turn our lives upside down – in the obvious and immediate ways, but also in ways we won’t be able to know until later on in our lives.

Some days we might feel strong and resilient and others our anger and frustration will fuel our fight for a world where this doesn’t happen. There might be days where we cry for no reason or are triggered by things that don’t seem to make any sense. There will be many days where we don’t think of it at all; we’ll laugh with our friends and family, and by all accounts live a totally normal life. As survivors, one thing that almost always changed is our relationship with our sexuality and sex itself.

One in four women will be sexually assaulted in their lifetime; half of these assaults happen to girls who are 16 and under, and the vast majority of assaults occur before women are 30. There are already so many barriers when it comes to sex—body image, performance anxiety, shame, etc.—but baggage triggered by sex itself is something different altogether.

There are many different triggers: it might be a smell, touch, sound, or a certain place, act, or sensation that causes a flashback.

You might feel like you’re undesir-

able, or “damaged goods,” or that no one will want you once they find out. You might want to have sex right away, or you might wait years.

Reclaiming your sexuality may be empowering and something that brings about healing.

These are some things that have helped me to establish a healthy sex life and sense of sexual self after a couple of different sexual assaults, and might also help you.

Don’t just “get it over with.”

After a short recovery period from my first sexual assault, I went on a bit of a sex bender. I felt like I just needed to sleep with anyone to prove I still could, and so that the last sexual contact I had with someone was not abusive. I had sexual experiences that were not true to myself, which ended up being much more harmful than healing.

Have sex the way you want to, when you feel ready.

Whether you have casual sex or not, it’s a good idea to totally trust the person you sleep with the first time after your assault. To be able to know that they’ll honour your boundaries and allow you to feel safe with them is going to be crucial to you having a positive experience.

was crucial. If you were assaulted at home, being somewhere else might feel comforting. Have an idea of how the encounter will go down.

Don’t feel pressure to disclose.

If you want to let your partner or partners know that you were assaulted, that’s great! It can help them understand your reactions and maybe be gentler, slower, and more patient with you. It’s also your choice whether to tell them or not, and some people prefer to keep it to themselves. Do what feels authentic.

Don’t judge your desires.

Sex after sexual assault will be different – undoubtedly. For many reasons, what you once liked might turn you off or what you never liked might turn you on. Our sexual preferences can change and evolve over time, so our different desires might not even be due to our assault.

I began to enjoy some very different things post-assault. Some therapists have suggested I enjoy rougher sex because I am trying to choose when and where these things happen to me. Some suggest I just like it because it feels good to me. Whatever it is, I’m not judging it. It was hard to find something that felt good, authentic, and exciting after my sexual assault, so I’m going with it until it no longer arouses me, and I suggest you do the same.

Be in control.

Have a safe word that you are both committed to using, honour the position you’re in and the environment you’re in – be in total control of what’s going on. Move at You can confidentially submit a the pace you feel like and be vocal question or topic to jodie.m.w.layne@ about your comfort with it. gmail.com I was assaulted at my assailant’s house, so being at my own place

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his August 4 through 17 marks from the Manitoba First Nations 43 years of annual festivities and the Mardi Gras Indians of for Folklorama, Winnipeg’s iconic Louisiana. Both pavilions promise multicultural event. A quick browse fun, educational experiences. through the event page shows a It is interesting to note that while flurry of exciting activity. there are two pavilions representing Attendance in 2012 was down Canada’s Aboriginal populations, from previous years, but the advent we are far from seeing the vast scope of social media has ushered gen- of rich, cultural heritage that this erations of audiences old and new country is steeped in. The Assembly into the digital age of sharing their of Manitoba Chiefs is comprised experiences, which could potentially of 64 First Nations groups and yield a bigger turnout for the youth Manitoba recognizes seven official demographic in 2013. The World spoken languages.

Tourism Organization dubbed Winnipeg itself is a popular desFolklorama the festival “Best tination for new immigrants, and Depicting Canadian Culture” in with its growth comes the need for 1997-98. Its presentation is a testa- their visible representation among ment to Manitoba being home to a the community. With its wealth of wide array of ethnicities. welcome programs, it comes as no Tagalog, the national language of surprise that such a valuable asset the Philippines, is now the second to the community as Folklorama is most spoken language in the city able to make a mark on the internaof Winnipeg. The city is also home tional stage. to the third largest metropolitan What started as a one-time population of Ukrainians in Canada. offering in 1970 has become one of Both of the aforementioned ethnic Canada’s most successful cultural communities have been consistently festivities. It began with the celoffering two successful pavilions ebration of Manitoba’s centenary each year. and went on to become what the That’s not to say that Folklorama Folklorama website boasts is the is simply a celebration of the influx of “largest and longest-running multiimmigration to Manitoba. Winnipeg cultural festival in the world.” in particular is home to the largest population of Aboriginals in Canada.

For more information on the events The DOTC First Nations Pavilion taking place at Folklorama, visit will be active during the second week www.folklorama.ca of festivities, and the Indigenous Mardi Gras Pavilion will be held in the first week for its second consecutive year, showcasing performances

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Arts & Culture

Arts & Culture Editor: Kara Passey Contact: arts@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

event Listings The arts events to attend this weekend

music

visual art

other

Thursday, Aug. 15 until Aug. 19 MEME 2013 www.memetic.ca

Friday, August 7 until August 31 Saves Nine aceartinc.

Thursday, Aug. 15 The Vibrating Beds / Salinas / Clipwing The Windsor Hotel

Keep On Keepin’ On by RISK MSK Thursday, Aug. 15 until Oct. 15 The Graffiti Gallery (109 Higgins Ave.).

Friday, Aug. 16 until Aug. 18 Rainbow Trout Music Festival 2013 www.rainbowtroutfestival.tumblr.com

Wednesday, Aug. 14 Artist in Residence Talk by Cecilia Stenbom MAWA (611 Main St.)

Friday, Aug. 16 “Hot Mess” with DJ J. Jackson and Mama Cutsworth Club 200

Saturday, Aug. 17 Shooting Guns / Powder Blue / The Blisters The Windsor Hotel

Friday, Aug. 16 Water Works / D.A.D. / Scotch+Tape The Windsor Hotel

Sunday, Aug. 25 Mahria / New Armour / Ghost Hole / M&M Meats The Rose n’ Bee Pub

Friday, Aug. 30 Ben Disaster / The Vibrating Beds / The Animalistics

Thursday, Aug. 29 Catgut (Edmonton) / The Zags The Windsor Hotel

Graphics Editor: Bradly Wohlgemuth Contact: graphics@themanitoban.com / 474.6775

Dany reede

Diversions

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Sports

Sports Editor: Marc Lagace Contact: sports@themanitoban.com / 474.6529

Fill the house Bison Sports announces free admission to home openers, first Bison game at Investors Group Field Eric MacLise, volunteer staff

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nce you add up tuition, books, take advantage of this will be Friday, weekend. they expect it to become a part of the accommodate any new traditions and parking, it is nice to hear Aug. 30 at 7 p.m., when Bison Football “We have already contacted USSU Banjo Bowl weekend tradition for that may help build hype around the something is free. hosts the Alberta Golden Bears at the [University of Saskatchewan Students’ years to come. school’s athletic department. This Bison Sports recently announced new Investors Group Field.

Union] about trying to get their fans With only one playoff appear- appears to be a great opportunity that all University of Manitoba stuThe cost of admission for all other to come that weekend,” UMSU VP ance after their 2007 Vanier Cup, to change the sports culture here at dents shall receive free admission Bison Football regular season games external Christian Pierce told the the Bisons are the University of to the 2013-14 will be $8 for Manitoban. “We will be sending hoping the new Manitoba. regular season students and posters over to USSU and have them stadium heralds “I encourage all home opener seniors, $15 for distribute them around their campus. the beginning of a students to come games for all adults, while The hope is to encourage USSU stu- new era, breathing out and support Bison sports kids aged six dents who were planning on attend- life into the team their teams and teams. and under get ing the Banjo Bowl on the Sunday to and the fan base. to start the season In a press in free. attend the Bisons vs Huskies game on W hile games with the Bison release, Bison Of p a r- the Saturday.” at Universit y Football game on Sports athletic ticular interLooking at the numbers, the Stadium offered Friday, August 30 director Coleen est is the Huskies maintained an average of little except footduring the first Dufresne stated Bisons’ second 5,500 fans per game last season, by ball to die-hard ever CIS game at that “This is a home game far the best-supported team in the CIS fans, the the new stadium,” great opporon Saturday, Canada West conference. Their fan novelty of the said Dufresne. tunity for all September base is definitely something Bison new stadium and The Bison U of Manitoba students, new or 7 vs. Saskatchewan. It appears Sports wants to take advantage of. being able to see Football training returning, to experience and cheer UMSU, in conjunction with Bison In fact, sources have told the a game at a state-of-the-art facil- camp opens Aug. 16. on the Manitoba Bison varsity teams Sports, is looking to take advantage Manitoban that this was a coordinated ity for only $15 may attract a wider right from the start of the 2013-2014 of the rivalry between Winnipeg effort by the Bisons and Canada West demographic.

Eric MacLise is the host of season.” and Saskatchewan, as well as the to schedule a Saskatchewan team The U of M's large student body Covering the Spread, which airs The first chance for students to Banjo Bowl occurring on the same during the Banjo Bowl weekend, and and spacious campus could certainly Tuesdays at 10 a.m. on 101.5 UMFM.

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013

Sports

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illustration by: justin ladia photo by: marc lagace

No more passing the Buck Front office changes will hopefully end years of Blue Bomber blame game Marc Lagace, staff

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nly six weeks into the 2013 facing Miller and the board of He came in, revamped the team CFL season, and unfortu- directors moving forward will be into a Grey Cup contender, and nately for the Bombers and their to make changes to the culture of then was unceremoniously punted fans, the biggest news stories sur- the club; specifically, moving the the following year. Not only is it rounding the team have occurred club away from the cycle of shifting bad optics, it’s a poor financial decioff the field. blame and unceremoniously firing sion; the Bombers were forced to Firstly, the Buck Pierce era of coaches. pay out Berry, Kelly, and LaPolice Blue Bomber football looks to have for the remainder of their contracts, come to an anti-climactic end in despite them not working for the With all the troubles team. Mike Kelly aside, if you have Winnipeg, as the former BC Lion pivot was demoted to third-string enough confidence in a coach to on the field and on the quarterback depth chart. sign them to a specific contract, Buck’s demotion means that sec- issues related to where is the logic in firing them and ond-year QB Justin Goltz has the having them collect paycheques for opportunity to prove to the coach- transitioning into doing nothing? ing staff and management that he’s That’s an awful way to build conthe new stadium, worth protecting from the Ottawa sistency within the organization Mack’s dismissal is RedBlacks entry draft. and certainly won’t instill confiThen there’s the management dence in the hearts and minds of the single best piece the fans issues.

– the paying customers of news fans have After dropping their fifth loss who are key to keeping this whole of the season, the Blue Bombers organization afloat. “Rebuilding received all year. board of directors made a big move, year” is a phrase I would like to replacing team president and CEO see thrown out of the Bombers’ Garth Buchko with former Bomber vocabulary, as every other season fullback and local entrepreneur One of the bigger criticisms over the past 15 years has seemingly Wade Miller. Miller’s first move that could be levelled against fallen under that category. as acting CEO was to fire Joe Mack, the Bombers is the team’s lack of Patience is a virtue, but it’s the controversial general manager consistency over the past decade. running thin throughout Bomber who failed to build off of the suc- Despite two Grey Cup appearances Nation: waiting for relief from the cessful “Swaggerville” season of since 2003, the Bombers have gone 22-year Grey Cup drought, waiting 2011. through six different head coaches. for front office consistency, and now Mack made some controver- Doug Berry holds the distinction of waiting for a first win in the brand sial decisions during his time as being the longest-serving coach in new building is taking a toll.

Bomber GM. First and foremost that period with three years at the Miller was a surprise choice as was his decision to fire head coach helm, from 2006-2008, and may the new CEO, and just like Goltz, Paul LaPolice early into the 2012 well have won the cup in 2007 if not he is going to need time to develop season and replace him with defen- for a disastrous encounter between into the leader that this team needs. sive coordinator Tim Burke.

Argos linebacker Kevin Eiben and And whether or not the team’s new After an utterly embarrassing Bombers QB Kevin Glenn’s left GM wants to hire a new head coach, opening to what was supposed to be arm.

I think it’s important to let Tim a fresh start in a new building, calls Berry was fired despite fin- Burke coach out the remainder of from fans for the Bombers to “sack ishing second in the dismal East his current contract, and surround Mack” had steadily grown. With Division with an 8-10 record and him with knowledgeable coaching all the troubles on the field and a home playoff game against the staff who can offer support. issues related to transitioning into Edmonton Eskimos. His replaceThis season was supposed to be the new stadium, Mack’s dismissal ment, Mike Kelly, was far from an the start of a new era of Bomber is the single best piece of news fans improvement. football, and it still can be: the have received all year.

Paul LaPolice’s treatment was beginning of an era of common Now, the biggest challenge almost a mirror image of Berry’s. sense and accountability.

FIFA faux pas Public protests, construction delays in Brazil threaten 2014 World Cup Marc Lagace, staff

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ext July, the soccer world will turn its attention to Brazil for the 2014 World Cup. In my mind, Brazil is to soccer what Canada is to hockey: the Brazilian national football team has won more World Cup titles than any other country.

With such a storied tournament history, it seems reasonable to assume Brazil would be a perfect fit to host such a prestigious tournament. Hosting international events, like World Cups or the Olympics, stirs national pride and unity unlike much else. Take the 2010 Vancouver Olympics or the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa as prime examples of that point.

In Brazil, however, concern has been raised about whether or not Brazil’s new facilities will be ready in time for the World Cup. Currently, six of the 12 stadiums scheduled for use during the World Cup are still under construction, and FIFA has mandated that construction must be completed by the beginning of next year.

Brazil hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup from June 15-30, with the intention of testing the Brazilian sporting facilities ahead of the tournament. FIFA secretary general Jérôme Valcke claimed in a blog posting on FIFA’s official website that the tournament was deemed a success, but did note that issues arose that have garnered FIFA’s full attention.

“You cannot expect everything to run perfectly in brand new stadia,” said Valcke.

“That is where we will concentrate our efforts, as we seek to ensure the FIFA World Cup will be a roaring success for the teams, the fans and, most importantly, for the host nation Brazil.”

It’s not just construction delays causing concern for organizers.

There has been growing civil unrest amongst Brazilian citizens, which has steadily spread throughout major cities around the country.

What began as a public demonstration to protest a transit fare

increase transformed into a widespread movement to rally against the government. Thousands of protesters showed up to rally during the Confederations Cup, blaming the Brazilian government for allocating too much money to the construction or renovation of football stadiums instead of focusing that public money and effort towards solving the many pressing socioeconomic issues that affect the Brazilian people. Violent clashes between protesters and police in the streets have only provided further justification for outrage.

Some reports have estimated that upwards of two million citizens participated in the June demonstrations. The protests have subsided for now, though Brazil remains a political powder keg.

FIFA’s financial model is partially to blame for the outrage witnessed in Brazil. Governments make a bid to host events, knowing full well that there will be steep costs associated with hosting. South Africa spent over US $5 billion on stadiums and other upgrades when they hosted the World Cup in 2010.

Three years later, the debt remains as multi-million dollar stadiums sit virtually unused. It is uncertain whether or not South Africa will ever fully recover from their World Cup debt.

Meanwhile, FIFA made well over US $2 billion from the 2010 World Cup, due in large part to the sale of television rights. None of the direct television and promotional profits from FIFA’s events get back to the host nations to help subsidize stadium construction, nor are any of the profits taxed by the host nation.

However, in light of the protests, FIFA has promised to pledge at least US $100 million into a social fund for Brazil to help offset some of the debt associated with hosting.

A similar fund was set in place for South Africa, its first approximate US $5 million distributed to over 900 beneficiaries this past January.

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Sports

VOL. 100 NO. 3 August 14, 2013