ICSE HEXA_Grade 7 CS TM_eBook by Uolo

COMPUTER SCIENCE Hexa

One Byte at a Time

Teacher Manual

ICSE

COMPUTER SCIENCE Teacher Manual Hexa

Acknowledgements

Academic Authors: Jatinder Kaur, Ayushi Jain

Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh

Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur

VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar

All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

First published 2025

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.

Book Title: Hexa ICSE Computer Science Teacher Manual 7

ISBN: 978-93-49697-36-2

Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited

Corporate Office Address:

85, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003

CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986

Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com

All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.

Foreword

In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape, computer science has become an essential field of study, shaping the world around us in countless ways. From the smartphones in our pockets to the vast networks that connect people across the globe, computer science drives innovation and progress in nearly every aspect of modern life. In today’s fast-paced digital world, understanding the basics of computer science is as important as learning to read, write, or solve maths problems.

Recognising this imperative, the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has strongly recommended the integration of coding skills, computational thinking, critical analysis, and problem-solving abilities into the curriculum.

Inspired by these insights, Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for grades 1 to 8, to empower young minds with the knowledge and skills they need to thrive in the digital age. From the basics of how computers function to the tools that shape our digital landscape, this series opens the door to a world of endless possibilities.

We believe that learning computer science should be an engaging and accessible experience for all children. This series takes a project-based approach, allowing students to learn by way of concurrently applying acquired knowledge and skills. As they progress through the course, they will build strong foundations in computational thinking, coding basics, and digital literacy. Our program focuses on three key areas:

1. Computer Science Fundamentals: Core concepts are introduced step by step, ensuring a solid grasp of how computers function, and how information is processed and stored.

2. Latest Computer Tools: Various computer tools relevant to today’s world are included, equipping students with the confidence to thrive in the digital age.

3. Introduction to Coding: The series offers an introductory look into coding, preparing students for more advanced learning in the future.

To support teachers in delivering effective and engaging lessons, we offer a thoughtfully designed Teacher Manual to enhance the teaching and learning experience. Rather than prescribing teaching methods, the manual provides examples and demonstrates how and why teachers can apply these examples in their classes.

Each chapter in this manual is structured to provide a comprehensive lesson plan. The chapters are divided into multiple sessions, each following the Warm up, Engage, Build, and Sum up (WEBS) strategy.

• The Warm up phase sets the stage for learning by connecting to prior knowledge and building curiosity.

• The Engage phase captures the students’ attention and motivates them to participate actively.

• In the Build phase, questions from various sections are discussed to build the understanding of the students.

• Finally, the Sum up phase reinforces learning through easy-to-recall activities and questions.

Time duration for each section has been suggested based on the requirements of the students. Additionally, an answer key for every chapter is provided to assist teachers in assessing their students’ understanding and guiding their learning effectively.

We hope this Teacher Manual empowers educators to implement the curriculum effectively, support diverse student learning, and create interactive, engaging environments tailored to their students’ needs and interests.

1 Computer Hardware �� 1

 Computer Hardware Components and External Hardware

 Internal Hardware

2 Number Systems �� 6

 Introduction to Number Systems

 Converting Numbers from One System to Another

 Binary Addition and Binary Subtraction

3 Computer Virus �� 13

 Malware and Virus

 Spread of Virus and Antiviruses

4 Ethics and Safety Measures �� 19

 Introduction to the Internet

 Safe Online Computing Practices and Computing Ethics

5 Introduction to Spreadsheets �� 25

 Google Spreadsheets—Uses, Creating, and Entering Data

 Using Formulas and Functions and Saving and Closing a Sheet

6 Editing and Formatting Data Using Google Sheets �� 30

 Selecting, Changing, and Copying and Moving Cell Data

 Deleting Cell Data and Undo and Redo

 Inserting and Deleting Cell, Column, and Row and Applying Autofill

7 Introduction to DBMS�� 38

 Introduction to Database and Database Management System (DBMS)

 MySQL and Structure of a Table

 Queries and Data Retrieval in MySQL 8 Introduction to Java* �� 46

 Introduction to Programming and Java

 Variables

 Data Types

 Operators

9 Introduction to Web Development

 HTML and Its Basic Document Structure

 Basic HTML Terminologies

 CSS-I

 CSS-II

10 Images and Hyperlinks in HTML �� 69

 Adding Images

 Styling Images

 Flexbox

 Hyperlinks 11 Lists and Tables in HTML �� 81

 Adding Lists

 Styling Lists

 Adding Tables

 Styling Tables

Computer Hardware

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Computer Hardware Components and External Hardware

2. Internal Hardware

1. Computer Hardware Components and External Hardware

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● define the components of a computer.

● elaborate external hardware.

Keywords

● Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical components and electronic devices that make up a computer system or any technological device. Hardware is tangible, which means you can touch and physically interact with it.

● Software: Software is a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software is intangible, which means you cannot touch it.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students about the electronic devices that they use most often in their daily lives. Ask them to name a few. Tell the students about the components of a computer and explain about external hardware. Group discussion Think and Tell

5 mins

● Ask the students about the electronic devices that they use most often in their daily lives. Ask them to name a few.

● Now, relate the topic to the various components of the computer.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Define the components of a computer.

15 mins

Explanation

Tell students that a computer comprises of two components: software and hardware, and they together make the computer function properly, as given on page 1. Tell the students that software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do, whereas, hardware refers to the physical components and electronic devices that make up a computer system or any technological device.

Elaborate external hardware. Describe to the students that external hardware components are also known as peripherals and are attached to the computer outside the CPU box. They are further categorised into three parts: input, output, and storage devices, as given on pages 2 to 6.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the question provided in the Do It Yourself 1A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

1. a. Compact Disc

2. b. To convert digital information into physical copies on paper

3. a. Flatbed scanners are used to scan documents, photographs, or artwork.

b. Sheetfed scanners are used to scan individual sheets at a time. The stack of sheets is kept on top and scanners scan automatically, one by one.

7 mins

Build

● Ask the students to give the answer to the question, “We know that smartphones are also computers. Which input and output devices can you identify in them?” asked in the Think and Tell section, given on page 5.

Possible Response: Smartphones have touchscreens and microphones as input devices, and display screens and speakers as output devices.

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among students based on the topic “Why is it important to get rid of old computers and devices in a way that does not harm the environment?” provided in the Discuss section as mentioned on page 5.

Possible Response: It is important to recycle old computers because throwing them away harms the environment. Electronic waste can leak harmful chemicals into the soil and water, hurting plants and animals. Recycling helps reuse materials and reduces pollution, keeping our planet healthier.

● Conclude the session by summarising that hardware refers to the physical components and electronic devices that make up a computer system or any technological device. Also, conclude that software is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do. Hardware can be categorised into input, output, and storage devices. External devices, such as mouse, scanner, printer, keyboard, CD, pen drive, etc., fall under the hardware category.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 1

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 3, 4, and 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1, 3, 4, and 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 2, 3, and 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 1, 2, and 3

2. Internal Hardware

Learning Outcome

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● explain the different parts of computer located inside the CPU box.

Keywords

● Internal hardware components: Internal hardware components are the parts of a computer located inside the CPU box.

● Motherboard: A motherboard is the central component inside a computer that connects all the other components, such as the CPU, RAM, and disk drives.

● CPU: The central processing unit (CPU) is like the brain of a computer.

● Ports: A port is a slot on the motherboard that is used to connect hardware devices like keyboard, mouse, monitor, and speaker to the motherboard.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students about the internal body parts of a human body that perform important functions. Explain to the students about the different parts of a computer inside the CPU box.

Think and Tell Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Action Plan

Warm Up

5 mins

● Ask the students about the internal body parts of a human body that perform the important functions.

● Now, tell them that as the human body has many internal body parts that perform important functions, in a similar manner, there are many internal hardware components in a computer that perform various important functions.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcome

Explain the different parts of computer located inside the CPU box.

Explanation

Explain to the students that internal hardware components are the parts of computer that are located inside CPU box. They include motherboard, CPU, RAM, ROM, disk drives, SMPS, modem, heat sink, and ports, as given on pages 6 to 9.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the question provided in the Do It Yourself 1B section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

Que 1

a. True b. True c. True d. False e. False

Que 2

Port

Description

VGA Used to connect a computer to a network.

USB Used to connect projectors to a computer.

Ethernet Connects a high-definition monitor or TV to a computer.

HDMI A modern port used to connect a wide variety of devices to computers.

Build

7 mins

● Ask the students to give the answer to the question, “What would happen if SMPSs are not used in a computer?” asked in the Think and Tell section, given on page 8.

Possible Response: Without SMPS in a computer, it would not get the right amount of power, and it would not work properly or turn on.

3 mins

Sum Up

● Conclude the session by summarising that internal hardware components are parts inside the CPU box. They include motherboard, CPU, RAM, ROM, disk drives, SMPS, modem, heat sink, and ports.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 2, 3, 4, and 5

C. Who Am I?: Question 2

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 2

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1 and 4

F. Apply Your Learning: Question 5

Number Systems

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Introduction to Number Systems

2. Converting Numbers from One System to Another

3. Binary Addition and Binary Subtraction

1. Introduction to Number Systems

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe what a number system is.

● explain the types of number systems.

Keywords

● Number system: It is a way of representing and expressing numbers using a set of symbols or digits.

● Base: The base of a number system is the total number of digits the system uses.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students what measuring quantity they use for measuring length and weight. Explain the number systems and their types. Think and Tell Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Warm Up

● Ask the students about various measuring quantities.

● Set the context of the chapter so that we use numbers to measure and express these quantities.

● Also tell them that numbers are made of digits—0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. These ten digits together form our number system.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes Explanation

Describe what a number system is.

Explain the types of number systems.

Tell the students that a number system is a way of representing and expressing numbers using a set of symbols or digits, as given on page 13.

Explain the types of number systems—decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems, as given on pages 13 to 16.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 2A section and encourage students to solve them. Instruct them to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

1. a. Binary number system

b. Octal number system

c. Decimal number system

d. Hexadecimal number system

Build

● Ask the students to answer the question “Is the value of 0 and 1 the same in different number systems?” in the Think and Tell section given on page 16.

Possible Responses: Yes/No

Correct Response: Yes. The values of 0 and 1 are conceptually the same across different number systems, but the way they are represented and their positional values can vary.

Sum Up

● Conclude the session by summarising that we use numbers to measure and express quantities. Similarly, a number system is used to represent a set of symbols or digits. Also summarise the different types of number systems—decimal number system (a base 10 number system that we use every day), binary number system (a base 2 number system), octal (a base 8 number system), and hexadecimal number system (a base 16 number system).

● Assign the following from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 4

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 4

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1, 2, and 3

2. Converting Numbers from One System to Another

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● convert decimal to binary, octal, and hexadecimal.

● convert any other base into decimal.

● convert binary to octal and hexadecimal.

● convert hexadecimal and octal into binary.

● convert hexadecimal numbers into octal numbers, and vice versa.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up

Ask the students if the decimal number system can be represented in the binary number system or not.

Demonstrate to the students how to convert numbers from one system to another by doing step-by-step calculations.

Action Plan

Think and Tell Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Warm Up

Ask students if the decimal number system can be represented in the binary number system or not. Recall the concepts from the previous session to see binary representations for their corresponding decimal representations, octal representations for their corresponding decimal representations, etc., given in the tabular format in the first session.

Tell the students that we can convert numbers from one system to another.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes Explanation

Convert decimal to binary, octal, and hexadecimal.

Explain to the students the steps to convert a decimal number into binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems by doing calculations using examples, as given on pages 16 and 17.

Learning Outcomes

Convert any other base into decimal.

Convert binary to octal and hexadecimal.

Convert hexadecimal and octal into binary.

Convert hexadecimal numbers into octal numbers, and vice versa.

Explanation

Explain to the students the steps to convert any other base into a decimal by doing calculations using examples, as given on pages 18 and 19.

Explain to the students the steps to convert binary to octal and hexadecimal by doing calculations using examples, as given on pages 19 and 20.

Explain to the students the steps to convert hexadecimal and octal into binary by doing calculations using examples, as given on page 20.

Explain to the students the steps to convert hexadecimal numbers into octal numbers, and vice versa, by doing calculations using examples, as given on page 21.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 2B, Do It Yourself 2C, Do It Yourself 2D, Do It Yourself 2E, and Do It Yourself 2F sections and encourage students to solve them. Instruct them to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

Do It Yourself 2B

1. Binary: (110111010)2

Octal: (672)8

Hexadecimal: (1BA)16

Do It Yourself 2C

1. a. (10)10

b. (287)10

c. (2716)10

Build

Do It Yourself 2D

1. Octal: (1111)8

Hexadecimal: (249)16

Do It Yourself 2E

1. a. 1111100 b. 101100010010

Do It Yourself 2F

1. a. (1F4)16 b. (1261)8

7 mins

● Ask the students to answer the question “Why are we forming groups of 4?”, asked in the Think and Tell section given on page 20.

Correct Response: When converting binary to hexadecimal, we form groups of 4 because:

Base of binary = 2

Base of hexadecimal = 16

24 = 16

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising the steps to convert one number system to another using various examples.

● Assign the following from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 1, 2, and 3

3. Binary Addition and Binary Subtraction

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● perform binary addition.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students if they can perform addition and subtraction on the binary numbers or not.

Demonstrate to the students how to perform addition and subtraction for binary numbers.

● perform binary subtraction. 5 mins

Action Plan

Think and Tell Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Warm Up

● Ask students if they can perform addition and subtraction on the binary numbers or not.

● Now tell them that just as they can add and subtract decimal numbers, they can also add and subtract binary numbers. 15 mins

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Explanation

Perform binary addition. Explain to the students the steps to perform binary addition with examples, as given on pages 21 and 22.

Perform binary subtraction.

Explain to the students the steps to perform binary subtraction with an example, as given on page 22.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 2G section and encourage students to solve them. Instruct them to write their answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

7 mins

Build

● Ask the students to answer the question “In a binary system, only 1 can be carried over. In the decimal system, what numbers can be carried over?” asked in the Think and Tell section given on page 21.

Correct Response: In the decimal number system, while adding two decimal numbers, if the sum of the digits in a column is greater than 9, then 1 is carried over to the next column. Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising the steps to perform binary addition and binary subtraction through examples.

● Assign the following from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 4

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 4 and 5

Computer Virus 3

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Malware and Virus

2. Spread of Virus and Antiviruses

1. Malware and Virus

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe malware and its types.

● define the virus and identify its symptoms.

● explain the harm caused by viruses and the types of viruses.

Keywords

● Malware: It is a composite of malicious software. Any malicious software or code that is designed to harm, exploit, or compromise a computer system, device, or network is called malware.

● Virus: A computer virus is a harmful computer program that sneaks into your computer without your knowledge. Once it is in, it can cause all sorts of problems. It might slow down your computer and damage your important files, programs, etc.

WEBS at a Glance

Imagine your computer suddenly starts acting strange, and you cannot open your favourite games or apps. What could be the possible reasons for this?

Explain malware and viruses to the students.

Action Plan

5 mins

Warm Up

● Imagine your computer suddenly starts acting strange, and you can’t open your favourite games or apps. What could be the possible reasons for this?

● Tell the students that it can because of a malware attack on your computer.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe malware and its types.

Define the virus and identify its symptoms.

Explain the harm caused by viruses and the types of viruses.

15 mins

Explanation

Explain to the students that any malicious software or code that is designed to harm, exploit, or compromise a computer system, device, or network is called malware. Different types of malware are viruses, worms, spyware, trojan horses, sweepers as given on pages 25 and 26.

Explain to the students that a computer virus is a harmful computer program that sneaks into their computers without their knowledge. Once it is in, it can cause all sorts of problems. It might slow down the computer and damage the important files, programs etc., as given on pages 26 and 27.

Explain to the students that a computer virus is a type of harmful software that can sneak into your computer and cause trouble. The harm caused by virus includes data loss, spreading to other computers, stealing information, etc. There are different types of viruses, such as boot sector virus, program file virus, multipartite, polymorphic, network, macro, etc., as given on pages 27 to 29.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 3A and Do It Yourself 3B sections and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book. Correct Responses: Do It Yourself 3A

1. a. T b. F

F d. T

2. a. email attachments b. malware c. Trojan Horse d. malicious Do It Yourself 3B

1. a. Network virus b. Polymorphic virus c. Multipartite virus

2. a. T b. F c. T d. T

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among students based on the topic ‘What will happen if your computer gets attacked by malware?’

Possible Responses: If your computer gets attacked by malware, it can result in various issues, such as data loss, system slowdowns, unauthorised access to your personal information, and even complete system failure.

● Conclude the session by summarising that any malicious software or code that is designed to harm, exploit, or compromise a computer system, device, or network is called malware. There are different types of malware, such as viruses, worms, spyware, trojan horses, and sweepers. Also, summarise that a computer virus is a harmful computer program that sneaks into your computer without your knowledge. The harm caused by virus includes data loss, spreading to other computers, stealing information, and privacy breaches. There are various types of viruses also.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 5

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 4

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1 and 2

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

2. Spread of Virus and Antiviruses

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● explain how a virus spreads and the ways to prevent it.

● define antivirus and how it works.

● use an antivirus and understand the importance of regular updates.

Keyword

● Antivirus: It is a type of computer program or software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software from a computer system.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students whether they have ever experienced an attack of a virus on their computer. If yes, then what actions did they take?

Explain to the students how a virus spreads and the ways to prevent it.

Also, elaborate on the use of antivirus.

Action Plan

Group discussion

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

5 mins

Warm Up

● Ask the students whether they have ever experienced an attack of a virus on their computer. If yes, then what actions did they take?

● Now, tell the students that there are ways to prevent the attack of a virus.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Explain how a virus spreads and the ways to prevent it.

Explanation

Explain to the students that a virus can be spread through removable storage devices, the internet, or email attachments. There are different ways to protect the system from viruses, as given on page 30.

ready to protect your computer from these new threats.

3. Security fixing: Antivirus software sometimes needs to be fixed to keep it safe from bad people on the internet. These fixes are like updates that make sure your antivirus software stays strong and does not allow malware to enter.

to enter.

Learning Outcomes Explanation

Define antivirus and how it works.

4. Improved performance: When your antivirus program gets old, it might start to slow down or have trouble working with your computer and other programs. But when you do updates regularly, it can make your antivirus program work better and be more dependable.

Use an antivirus and understand the importance of regular updates.

Explain to the students that antivirus is a type of computer program or software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software from a computer system. Also, explain the working of an antivirus to them, as given on page 31.

5. Improved features: Antivirus companies frequently add new things and tools in their updates to offer users extra protection. Keeping your antivirus up to date ensures that you can use the newest features, which can make your online security even better.

Explain to the students that antivirus software is crucial for protecting your computer and data. Also, explain the importance of regular updates, as given on pages 32 and 33.

Check for Understanding

Do It Yourself 3C

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 3C section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their books.

Correct Responses:

1 Number the following steps for scanning your system.

Do It Yourself 3C 1.

1 Number the following steps for scanning your system.

Initiate a Full System Scan

Review and Take Action

Update the Antivirus Database

Install Antivirus Software

Open the Antivirus Program

2 Match the following. Column A

2 Match the following.

Column A

Identify new threats

Virus Definition Updates

Continuous monitoring Heuristic Analysis

Identify new threats

Virus Definition Updates

Continuous monitoring Heuristic Analysis

Isolation method Real-time Protection

Updates to improve computer performance Quarantine

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among students based on the topic ‘Imagine the internet as a city. How do you think antivirus acts as a protector against digital threats in this city?’

Possible Responses:

1. Antivirus acts like a digital guard that keeps a check on the internet city, scanning for harmful viruses and malware.

2. It acts as a shield, blocking the entry of dangerous programs and ensuring the safety of our digital information.

3. Just as security guards keep our physical city safe, antivirus keeps our online city secure from cyber threats and attacks.

3 mins

Sum Up

● Conclude the session by summarising that viruses can be spread through removable storage devices, the internet, or email attachments. There are different ways to protect the system from viruses, which include using antivirus software and keeping it updated, avoiding downloading pirated software, taking a backup of important files daily, etc. Also, conclude that antivirus is a type of computer program or software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software from a computer system. Finally, revise the methods of using the antivirus.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 3, 4, and 5

Ethics and Safety Measures 4

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Introduction to the Internet

2. Safe Online Computing Practices and Computing Ethics

1.

Introduction to the Internet

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● identify the advantages of the internet.

● list unethical practices over the internet.

Keywords

● Internet: Internet is a worldwide network of connected devices for sharing information and communication.

● Hacking: Hacking is the process of breaking into a computer system, a website, or an online account without permission.

● Cyber attack: Cyber attack is when a hacker gets access to the digital personal data without permission.

● Identity theft: Identity theft is a crime where someone steals personal information, like names and credit card details to pretend to be another person.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students whether they have seen their parents paying bills, transferring money, ordering food from anywhere without having to leave home.

Introduce the concept of internet to the students.

Explain the various unethical practices over the internet. Group discussion

Think and Tell

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Action Plan

5 mins

Warm Up

● Ask the students whether they have seen their parents paying bills, transferring money, ordering food from anywhere without having to leave home.

● Tell the students that all of this is possible because of the internet.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Identify the advantages of the internet.

List unethical practices over the internet.

15 mins

Explanation

Explain the term internet and its advantages, such as skill enhancement, global updates, effortless shopping, instant communication, and so on to the students, as given on page 37.

Explain to the students that the internet offers numerous benefits, but misusing it can create risks, like hacking, spamming, cyberbullying and so on, as given on pages 38 to 41.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 4A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their notebooks.

Correct Responses:

1. a. F b. F c. T 2. a. Hacking b. Cyberbulllying c. Piracy

Build

7 mins

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students based on the topic “Lavanya has recently started a handmade jewellery business, but she is not attracting enough customers. How can the use of the internet help her?” provided in the Discuss section as mentioned on page 38.

Possible Response: Lavanya can use the internet to create a website or social media profile for her handmade jewellery business, allowing her to showcase her products to a wider audience and attract more customers. She can also use online advertising and join online communities related to jewellery and crafts to increase visibility and interest in her business.

● Ask the students to give the answer to the question, “Imagine you wrote a story for class and someone copied your story and said they wrote it. What kind of crime is that?” asked in the Think and Tell section given on page 40.

Possible Response: This type of crime is called plagiarism.

● Ask the students to give the answer to the question, “What crime is it if your friend is receiving hurtful messages on his social media that have caused emotional stress for him?” asked in the Think and Tell section given on page 41.

Possible Response: This type of cybercrime is called cyberbullying.

● Conclude the session by summarising that the internet offers many benefits like learning new skills, staying updated on global news, shopping online, instant communication, accessing various services, helping businesses grow, and providing entertainment, but it also has dangers like hacking, spamming, plagiarism, cyberbullying, phishing, online scams, piracy, and identity theft. It’s important to use the internet responsibly by being aware of these risks and knowing how to protect ourselves from unethical practices and cyber threats.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 4

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1 and 2

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 2, and 3

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1, 2, and 3

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1, 2, and 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 1 and 2

2. Safe Online Computing Practices and Computing Ethics

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● follow safe online computing practices.

● describe digital footprints.

● list the computing ethics.

Keywords

● Safe computing practices: Safe computing practices are all about protecting ourselves and our devices while using the internet and technology.

● Digital footprint: Digital footprint is the trail of information that you leave behind when you do something online.

● Computing ethics: Computing ethics is to ensure that people use technology and computers in a responsible and respectful manner.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students what safety precautions do they take when crossing the street? Introduce the safe online computing practices to the students.

Explain what digital footprints are. Discuss some computing ethics principles like respecting the privacy of others, using strong passwords, and so on.

Action Plan

Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Warm Up

● Ask the students what safety precautions do they take when crossing the street?

● Now, tell them that they have to follow some safety practices while using the internet.

5 mins

3. Use strong passwords, update your software, and do not do harmful things like hacking.

4. Show respect for copyright by not using or sharing digital content without permission.

Explain the following concepts:

5. Make sure that everyone, irrespective of their limited abilities, resources, or location, can use technology easily.

Learning Outcomes

Explanation

6. Be clear about what you do online, especially when dealing with important tasks or choices that impact on others.

Follow safe online computing practices. Explain to the students that safe computing practices are all about protecting ourselves and our devices while using the internet and technology as given on page 42. Also, list some common online safety practices.

7. Keep learning about the latest in computer ethics and cybersecurity to make smart and ethical choices online.

Describe digital footprints.

8. Update your operating systems and other software, like antivirus, frequently.

9. Backup your important data regularly.

Explain that digital footprint is the trail of information that you leave behind when you do something online. Explain the types of digital footprints, their causes, and the methods of preventing unwanted digital footprint to the students, as given on pages 42 and 43.

10. Be careful while sharing your electronic devices.

List the computing ethics.

11. Buy a licensed copy of the software.

12. Make use of firewalls.

Describe that the computing ethics, also known as computer ethics, is a branch of ethics that deals with the moral principles and guidelines governing the responsible and fair use of technology, computers, and digital information, as given on page 44. Also, list some computing ethics principles that one can follow for the students.

A firewall is a digital security guard for your computer or network. It helps keep out unwanted and potentially harmful data while allowing safe information to pass through.

Check for Understanding

Do It Yourself 4B

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 4B section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their notebooks.

Match the practice with its description. 1

Correct Responses:

Practice

Supervising children’s internet usage

Paying online using public Wi-Fi

Data breach consequences

Keeping antivirus updated

Description

The exposure of user data, such as emails and phone numbers

Computing ethics principles that one must follow

Ensuring that the use of the internet is under parental supervision

It can increase the risk of hacking, resulting in losing all the money in the account

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students based on the topic “What type of digital footprint is created when you search for a recipe online and the website tracks your search history to suggest more recipes?” provided in the Discuss section as mentioned on page 43.

Possible Response: A passive digital footprint is created when you search for a recipe online and the website tracks your search history to suggest more recipes. A passive digital footprint is created when information is collected about the users without them being aware that this is happening.

● Conclude the session by summarising that safe online computing practices help us protect our personal information and devices from dangers on the internet, like hacking or unwanted tracking, by using strong passwords, updating software, and being careful about what we share online. Digital footprints are the traces we leave on the internet, and it’s important to manage them wisely to keep our online privacy, while computing ethics guide us to use the internet responsibly and respectfully.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 3, 4, and 5

C. Who Am I?: Questions 4 and 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 4 and 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 3 and 4

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 3, 4, and 5

Introduction to Spreadsheets 5

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Google Spreadsheets—Uses, Creating, and Entering Data

2. Using Formulas and Functions and Saving and Closing a Sheet

1. Google Spreadsheets—Uses, Creating, and Entering Data

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe a spreadsheet and its uses.

● create a Google spreadsheet and identify its components.

● move around in a spreadsheet.

● enter data and identify different data types.

Keyword

● Spreadsheet: It is a tool for storing data, performing computations, organising information, and analysing data in a tabular format.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students whether they have ever worked on a group project where multiple people needed to contribute and manage information, such as monthly expenses, subject-wise grades, etc.

Ask them what software they might have used for this purpose.

Tell the students about spreadsheets and their uses. Also, demonstrate the steps to create a Google spreadsheet and describe its components.

Demonstrate how to move around in a spreadsheet, enter data in it, and discuss different data types.

Group discussion Think and Tell Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Action Plan

5 mins

● Ask the students whether they have ever worked on a group project where multiple people needed to contribute and manage information, such as monthly expenses, subject-wise grades, etc.

● Ask them what software they might have used for this purpose.

● Tell them that Google Sheets is a spreadsheet tool that allows multiple users to work on the same spreadsheet simultaneously.

15 mins

Engage

Moving Around a Spreadsheet

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe a spreadsheet and its uses.

We can move around in a spreadsheet, using the arrow keys to change an active cell and look at different information. To move left, press the left arrow key. To move right, press the right arrow key. To move up, press the up arrow key; and to move down, press the down arrow key.

Explanation

Describe to the students that a spreadsheet is a tool for storing data, performing computations, organising information, and analysing data in a tabular format. It can be used for various purposes, like organising data and creating charts and graphs, as given on page 48.

Create a Google spreadsheet and identify its components.

Move around in a spreadsheet.

Enter data and identify different data types.

Demonstrate to the students the steps to create and name a spreadsheet. Describe the different components of a Google Sheets window which include cells, rows, columns, etc., as given on pages 48 and 49.

Tell students that we can move around in a spreadsheet using the up-arrow key, down-arrow key, left-arrow key, or right-arrow key, as given on page 50.

Explain to the students that to enter data, you need to select the cell and then start typing. Also discuss different data types, which include numbers and text, as given on page 51.

Check for Understanding

Do It Yourself 5A

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 5A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

Match the columns.

Column A

Column B

Active cell Enter and edit formulas

Formula bar

Cell address

Name of a cell in a spreadsheet that contains a column letter and a row number

A tool for storing data, performing computations, organising information, and analysing data

Spreadsheet The currently selected cell

Answer the following.

2. a. Cells are the small boxes in a spreadsheet where you can enter data.

b. Active Cell

a What are cells?

c. A cell address is the name of a cell in a spreadsheet. This address is made up of a column letter and a row number, such as A1 or B3.

b What is the blue highlighted box known as?

c What is a cell address?

d. Sheet Tab

e. We can change the active cell using the arrow keys (left, right, up, or down).

Build

7 mins

● Conduct a group discussion in the class based on the topic “What are some other things we can do with spreadsheets?” provided in the Discuss section on page 48.

Possible Response: Assign tasks and monitor progress, data analysis, track expenses, inventory management, calculations, etc.

● Conduct a group discussion in the class based on the topic “Identify rows and columns for cell B26 and C71” provided in the Think and Tell section on page 49.

Correct Response: For B26: Row is 26 and Column is B For C71: Row is 71 and Column is C

● Conduct a group discussion in the class based on the topic “Identify the type of data if the entered value in a cell is ‘Hello_@’.” provided in the Think and Tell section on page 52.

Correct Response: The data type is text.

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that a spreadsheet is a tool for storing data, performing computations, organising information, and analysing data in a tabular format. Google spreadsheets have various components which include cells, rows, columns, active cells, cell addresses, formula bars and sheet tabs. You can also move around in a spreadsheet and enter data into it. The data types a cell can have in Google Sheets are numbers and text.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 1 and 2

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 2

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1 and 2

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1 and 3

2. Using Formulas and Functions and Saving and Closing a Sheet

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● add a formula to a cell.

● use functions.

● save and close a Google Sheets.

Keywords

● Formula: A formula is a logical expression of numeral values and operators (+, –, /, ×, %) to do the calculations.

● Function: Functions in Google Sheets are formulas that are already available. They can analyse data and perform calculations on it.

WEBS at a Glance Warm Up

Ask the students what they do for doing calculations manually. Explain to the students how to add formulas and use functions. Also, demonstrate to them how to save and close a Google Sheets. Group discussion Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

● Cell range: A cell range is defined by specifying the starting cell and the ending cell. This range includes all the cells that fall between these two cells in a continuous sequence. 5 mins

Action Plan

Warm Up

● Ask the students what they do to do calculations manually.

● Tell them that they can use formulas and functions in Google Sheets and do the calculations.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Add a formula to a cell.

Explanation

Explain to the students that a formula is a logical expression of numeral values and operators (+, –, /, ×, %) to do the calculations. Also demonstrate the steps to add a formula in a cell, where first you need to select a cell and then type ‘=’ as given on page 52.

Use functions. Explain to the students that the functions in Google Sheets are the formulas that are already available. They can analyse data and perform calculations on it. There are some built in functions available in Google Sheets which include SUM, AVERAGE, PRODUCT, MOD, etc., as given on pages 53 to 55.

Save and close a Google Sheets. Explain to the students that Google Sheets has the autosave feature which automatically saves your data every time you make changes and you can simply close your sheet by clicking Close, as given on page 55.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 5B section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

1. a. 6 b. 53.3 c. 9 d. SCIENCE

2. d. MOD()

Build 7 mins

● Conduct a group discussion in the class based on the topic “How does function differ from formula?” provided in the Discuss section on page 55.

Possible Response: A formula is a user-defined logical expression of numeral values and operators used for calculations, while a function is a predefined formula provided by the spreadsheet software to perform specific tasks.

Sum Up 3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that a formula is a logical expression of numeral values and operators to do the calculations. Functions, on the other hand, are predefined formulas available within Google Sheets. They can analyse data and perform calculations on it. Google Sheets has the autosave feature which saves your data every time you make changes. To close your sheet, simply click on the “Close” button.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 3, 4, and 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1, 3, 4, and 5

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 3, 4, and 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 2, 4, and 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 4

Editing and Formatting Data Using Google Sheets

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Selecting, Changing, and Copying and Moving Cell Data

2. Deleting Cell Data and Undo and Redo

3. Inserting and Deleting Cell, Column, and Row and Applying Autofill

1. Selecting, Changing, and Copying and Moving Cell Data

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● select cells.

● change cell data.

● copy and move cell data.

Keywords

● Changing cell data: It refers to modifying, replacing, or deleting the data in a cell.

● Copying cell data: Copying cell data means copying the data from one or more cells and pasting it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or another one. This will keep the data in both places.

● Moving cell data: Moving cell data means cutting the data from one or more cells and pasting it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or another one. The data will only be in one place after you move it.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up

Ask the students why it is important to be able to select cells in a spreadsheet.

Also, ask them, similar to how they can copy and move data in a word processor if they can also copy and move data in a spreadsheet.

Engage Build Sum Up

Demonstrate to the students how to select cells, change cell data, copy and move cell data.

Action Plan

Warm Up

Group discussion

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

● Ask the students why it is important to be able to select cells in a spreadsheet.

● Tell the students that we often need to select a group of cells to perform various operations such as copying, moving, inserting, or deleting.

● Also, ask them, similar to how they can copy and move data in a word processor, if they can also copy and move data in a spreadsheet.

● Tell the students that they can copy and move data in a spreadsheet too. 15 mins

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes Explanation

Select cells. Explain to the students that they often need to select a cell, or a group of cells to perform various operations such as copying, moving, inserting or deleting, as given on page 60.

Change cell data. Tell the students that changing cell data refers to modifying, replacing, or deleting the data in a cell, as given on page 61.

Copy and move cell data.

Demonstrate to the students how they can copy the data of a cell and paste it in the same spreadsheet or different one. Also, show how to move data and paste it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or different, as given on pages 61 to 65.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 6A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Shortcut key to paste copied cell data

Copy option icon Ctrl + C

Paste option icon

Shortcut key to copy selected cell(s) Ctrl + V

2. a. The steps to change the cell data are:

Answer the following.

a How can you change cell data in a Google Sheet?

i. Click on the cell that you want to edit. A blue border will appear to indicate that it is now the active cell.

ii. Start typing to edit or replace the existing data.

iii. Confirm the changes by changing the active cell using the arrow keys or pressing the Enter key.

b. i. Select the cell or cells you want to copy.

b What are the ways to copy cell data in a Google Sheet?

ii. Go to the Edit menu and choose the copy option to copy the cells or press Ctrl+C keys or right click and choose the Copy option.

7 mins

Build

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students based on the topic “Why is it important to know how to select, edit and format cells in a spreadsheet?” provided in the Discuss section as mentioned on page 61.

Moving Cell Data

Possible Response: Knowing how to select, edit, and format cells in a spreadsheet is vital for accurate data representation, efficient data management, and effective communication, contributing to improved decision-making.

Moving cell data means cutting the data from one or more cells and pasting it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or another one. The data will only be in one place after you move it.

3 mins

Sum Up

You can follow these steps to move cell data:

1. Select the cell data to be moved.

● Conclude the session by summarising that selecting cells is necessary to carry out various operations like copying or moving cell data, and inserting, or deleting cells. Changing cell data refers to modifying, replacing, or deleting the data in a cell. Copying cell data means copying the data from one or more cells and pasting it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or another one. Moving cell data means cutting the data from one or more cells and pasting it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or another one.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 1, 4, and 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1 and 2

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 2, and 4

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1 and 3

E. Answer the Following: Question 1

F. Apply Your Learning: Question 1

2. Deleting Cell Data and Undo and Redo

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● delete cell data.

● use Undo and Redo options.

Keywords

● Deleting cell data: It means removing the data from a cell and making it blank.

● Undo: It allows you to revert recent changes made in a spreadsheet.

● Redo: It allows you to repeat the recent changes. It will redo the last change that you have undone using the Undo command.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students what if they accidentally deleted important information from a spreadsheet. What steps would they take to resolve this problem and recover the lost data?

Demonstrate to the students how to delete cell data and use undo and redo options.

Action Plan

Think and Tell Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Warm Up

● Ask the students what if they accidentally deleted important information from a spreadsheet. What steps would they take to resolve this problem and recover the lost data?

● Tell the students that the Undo feature allows you to undo or revert recent changes made in a spreadsheet.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Explanation

Delete cell data. Describe to the students that deleting cell data means removing the data from a cell and making it blank, as given on page 66.

Learning Outcomes Explanation

Use Undo and Redo options. Explain to the students that Undo and Redo are two useful features that save our time and help us avoid mistakes such as entering wrong data or accidently deleting entered data, as given on pages 66 to 68.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 6B section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Which keyboard shortcut is used to cut the cells in a spreadsheet? a Ctrl + C b Ctrl + X c Ctrl + V

Correct Responses: 1. b. Ctrl + X 2.

Match the following with their meaning.

Column A Column B

Moving cell data

It reverses your last spreadsheet action.

Redo This means removing the content from a cell.

Undo The process of relocating information from one location to another within or between spreadsheets.

Deleting cell data It lets you do something again that you did before.

Build

Inserting a Cell, Column, and Row

7 mins

● Ask the students to answer the question “When do you think undo and redo can be helpful?“ asked in the Think and Tell section given on page 68.

You can insert a cell, column, and row as you require. Let us see how you can do it.

Inserting a Cell

Possible Response: Undo and Redo are two useful features that save our time and help us avoid mistakes such as accidentally removing a row of data, entering the wrong data, or applying the wrong formula. You can reverse or repeat recent changes made in a spreadsheet using the undo and redo commands.

Inserting a cell means adding a cell within a row or column.

You can follow these steps to insert a cell:

1. Select the cell where you want to insert the new cell.

● Conclude the session by summarising that deleting cell data means removing the data from a cell and making it blank. Undo allows you to revert recent changes made in a spreadsheet. Redo allows you to repeat the recent changes.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 2 and 3

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 3

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 4

E. Answer the Following: Question 2

3. Inserting and Deleting Cell, Column, and Row and Applying Autofill

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● insert cell, row, and column.

● delete cell, row, and column.

● apply autofill feature.

Keywords

● Inserting a cell: It means adding a cell within a row or a column.

● Inserting a row: It means adding a new row in a spreadsheet. We can add a row above or below an existing row.

● Inserting a column: It means adding a new column to a spreadsheet. We can add a column to the left or right of an existing column.

● Deleting a cell: It means removing the selected cells.

● Deleting a row: It means removing one or more rows.

● Deleting a column: It means removing one or more columns.

● Autofill: It is a feature that allows you to automatically fill in a series of cells with data based on the pattern of the first few cells.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students to suppose that they have entered data for 10 students in a spreadsheet, but forgot to enter data for a student in the third row, what course of action would they take to make this modification?

Ask the students to suppose that they want to enter the days of a week starting Monday, would they manually type all the days or is there an alternative method to accomplish this task more efficiently?

Demonstrate to the students how to insert and delete cells, rows, and columns. Also, tell them about the autofill feature and how to apply it on a spreadsheet. Group discussion Conclude the concepts Assign homework 5 mins 15 mins 7 mins 3 mins

Action Plan

5 mins

Warm Up

● Ask the students to suppose that they have entered data for 10 students in a spreadsheet, but forgot to enter data for a student in the third row, what course of action would they take to make this modification?

● Tell them that they can insert a row in a spreadsheet to make a new data entry for the third row.

● Ask the students to suppose that they want to enter the days of a week starting Monday, would they manually type all the days or is there an alternative method to accomplish this task more efficiently?

● Tell them that they can accomplish this by using the autofill feature of the spreadsheet.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Insert cell, row, and column.

Delete cell, row, and column.

15 mins

Explanation

Tell the students that they can add a cell within a row or a column, a column to the left or right of an existing column, or a row above or below an existing row. Also demonstrate the steps to insert a cell, row, and column, as given on pages 68 to 72.

Tell the students that they can delete a cell, row or column as they require. Also demonstrate how to delete these, as given on pages 72 to 75.

Apply autofill feature. Describe to the students that the autofill is a feature that allows you to automatically fill in a series of cells with data based on the pattern of the first few cells. Also demonstrate the steps to autofill a series, as given on page 76.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 6C section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

1. b. Left-click on the cell and choose the Insert cells, then shift right.

2. b. Right-click the column letter and choose the Delete column option from the pop up menu.

3. c. To fill a series of cells based on a pattern of data.

4. c. A series of days of the week

Build

7 mins

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students on the topic ‘Practical Uses of Autofill in Google Sheets’.

Possible Responses: Autofill can be utilised to generate a series of days of a week, months, etc. It can also be utilised for filling in a series of numbers or letters based on a specific order or pattern, saving considerable time.

● Conclude the session by summarising that students can insert a cell, row or column as they require. They can also delete a cell, row or column as they require. Autofill is a feature that allows to automatically fill in a series of cells with data based on the pattern of the first few cells.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 4 and 5

C. Who Am I?: Questions 3 and 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 2 and 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 3, 4, and 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 2, 3, 4, and 5

Introduction to DBMS 7

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Introduction to Database and Database Management System (DBMS)

2. MySQL and Structure of a Table

3. Queries and Data Retrieval in MySQL

1. Introduction to Database and Database Management System (DBMS)

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe the database and its importance.

● explain objects of a database.

● elaborate database management systems (DBMS) with its components.

● explain different types of DBMS.

Keywords

● Database: A database is an organised collection of data that is stored electronically on a computer system.

● Objects: The objects of a database are the building blocks that make up a database.

● Database Management System (DBMS): It is a software that helps us store, retrieve and manipulate data in a database.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students if they want to note down the information of their favourite toys, what kind of information would you include for each toy?

Tell the students about the database and its importance. Also, explain the object of a database. Explain DBMS along with its components and types. Group discussion

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

● Ask the students if they want to note down the information of their favourite toys, what kind of information would you include for each toy?

● Now, build the concept of databases with the students.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe the database and its importance.

Explain objects of a database.

Elaborate database management systems (DBMS) with its components.

Explain different types of DBMS.

Explanation

Describe to the students that a database is an organised collection of data that is stored electronically on a computer system and it helps us store information in a way that is organised, easy to find, and secure as given on pages 80 and 81.

Explain to the students that the objects of a database are the building blocks that make up a database. The main objects include Tables, Queries, Reports, and Forms as given on page 81.

Explain to the students that DBMS is a software that helps us store, retrieve and manipulate data in a database. The components of DBMS are Hardware, Software, People, Procedure, Data and Database access language, as given on pages 81 to 83.

Describe to the students that DBMS is classified into four types which include Hierarchical DBMS, Relational DBMS, NoSQL DBMS and Object–oriented DBMS as given on pages 83 to 85.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 7A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

Match the columns. 2

Column A

Column B

Database Occurrence of duplicate copies of similar data

Data integrity A special computer program for managing databases

Database management system An organised collection of data

Data redundancy A process that makes sure data is accurate, complete, and consistent throughout the database

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students based on the topic “What is a difference between a database and a DBMS?” provided in the Discuss section as mentioned on page 82.

Possible Responses:

Database

A database is an organised collection of data that is stored electronically on a computer system.

Besides computers, databases can even be maintained in physical ledgers, books, or papers.

The retrieval of information from the databases can be done manually, through queries, or by using programs (C, C++, Java, etc.).

The databases do not ensure that the data will be available after failure arises.

DBMS

DBMS is a software that helps us store, retrieve and manipulate data in a database.

In a database management system (DBMS), all the records are maintained only on a computer.

We can retrieve the data from the database management system through queries written in SQL.

The database management system (DBMS) ensures that the data will always be available even after system failures.

3 mins

Sum Up

● Conclude the session by summarising that a database is an organised collection of data that is stored electronically on a computer system and it helps us store information in a way that is organised, easy to find, and secure. The importance of databases includes organisation, efficiency, accuracy, data integrity etc. The main objects include Tables, Queries, Reports, and Forms. DBMS is a software that helps us store, retrieve and manipulate data in a database. Hierarchical DBMS, Relational DBMS, NoSQL DBMS and Object–oriented DBMS are the four types of DBMS.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 4

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 1

E. Answer the Following: Question 1

2. MySQL and Structure of a Table

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe MySQL and SQL.

● explain the structure of a table.

Keywords

● SQL: SQL (Structured Query Language) is a language that can help ask questions only from structured data and give useful information.

● Table: A table is made up of rows and columns.

● Attributes: The column header is called attributes.

● Keys: Keys are used to uniquely identify records in a table and establish relationships between the tables.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students when they arrange their belongings in their room, do they prefer a specific order? How does organising their things make it easier for them to find them later?

Tell students about MySQL and SQL. Also, explain the structure of a table.

Think and Tell Group discussion Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Action Plan

5 mins

Warm Up

● Ask the students when they arrange their belongings in their room, do they prefer a specific order? How does organising their things make it easier for them to find them later?

● Now, build the concept by explaining the concept of MySQL and SQL.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Explanation

Describe MySQL and SQL. Describe to the students that SQL is a language that can help ask questions only from structured data and give useful information. The SQL commands can be divided into two categories: DDL and DML. Also, compare the features of DDL and DML commands, as given on pages 86 to 87.

Explain the structure of a table.

Elaborate to the students that a table is made up of rows and columns. A data type defines the kind of data an attribute can hold. Tell them that keys are used to uniquely identify records in a table and establish a relationship between tables and they are further divided into four types: Primary Key, Candidate Key, Composite Key and Foreign Key. Also, describe to them how to create a table and insert a record in it, as given on pages 88 to 91.

Additional Questions to Check for Understanding

● Name four types of keys.

Correct Responses: Primary Key, Candidate key, Composite Key and Foreign Key

● What is foreign key?

Correct Response: A foreign key is a column in one table that references the primary key of another table. This creates a relationship between the two tables. Build 7

● Ask the students to give the answer of the question “To enter a new record into a table, which command can be used?” asked in the Think and Tell section given on page 87.

Possible Response: To enter a new record into a table, the DML (INSERT INTO table_name) command can be used.

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students based on the topic “What data types can add a numeric value to the table?” provided in the Discuss section as mentioned on page 91.

Possible Response: Number Data Types can add a numeric value to the table.

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that SQL is a language that can help ask questions only from structured data and give useful information. The SQL commands can be divided into two categories: DDL (Data Definition Language) and DML (Data Manipulation Language). A table is made up of rows and columns. The rows are called records. The columns are called fields. The column header is called attributes. A data type defines the kind of data an attribute can hold. Keys are used to uniquely identify records in a table and establish a relationship between tables, and they are further divided into four types: Primary Key, Candidate Key, Composite Key and Foreign Key. Also, describe to them how to create a table and insert a record in it.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 1

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 5

C. Who Am I?: Question 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 2, 3, and 4

E. Answer the Following: Questions 2 and 4

3. Queries and Data Retrieval in MySQL

Learning Outcome

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● retrieve data using a query.

Keyword

● Queries: It allows us to retrieve, manipulate, and analyse data as we need.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students if they want to search for their favourite book in the school library. How will they try to find it out?

Demonstrate to the students how to retrieve data using a query.

Action Plan

Warm Up

Group discussion Conclude the concepts Assign homework

5 mins

● Ask the students if they want to search for their favourite book in the school library. How will they try to find it out?

● Now, build the concept by explaining to them the concept of the query.

15 mins Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcome

Explanation

Retrieve data using a query. Explain to the student that queries allow us to retrieve, manipulate, and analyse data as we need. Also, demonstrate to them by selecting statements, filtering data, and using arithmetic and logical operators. Show them how to create a view, as given on pages 91 to 95.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 7B section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

1. Fill in the blanks:

a. DDL and DML

b. Structure

c. Populates

d. Select

e. Insert

2. Answer the Following question:

a. Book ID, Title, Author, Publication year, ISBN, Edition, etc.

b. CREATE TABLE Library ( BookID int primary key, Title varchar(100), Author varchar(100), PublicationYear int, ISBN varchar(20), Edition varchar(50), );

INSERT INTO Library (BookID, Title, Author, PublicationYear, ISBN, Edition) Values (1, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’, ‘Harper Lee’, ‘Fiction’, 1960, ‘9780061120084’, ‘50th Anniversary Edition’);

Build

7 mins

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students based on the topic ‘What is the difference between View and Table?

Possible Responses: A view is a virtual table based on one or more tables and it does not store any data whereas a table is a physical table that stores data and data is stored on a disk.

3 mins

Sum Up

● Conclude the session by summarising that queries allow us to retrieve, manipulate, and analyse data as we need. Discuss various queries and operators used in queries.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 2, 3, 4, and 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1, 2, 3, and 4

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 3 and 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 2, 3, 4, and 5

Introduction to Java 8

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. Introduction to Programming and Java 3. Data Types

2. Variables 4. Operators

1. Introduction to Programming and Java

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe programming language and its types.

● describe Java and its basic structure.

Keywords

● Program: Programming languages allow us to write instructions for a computer, and a collection of these instructions is called a program.

● Programming: The process of writing programs for computers in a particular programming language is called programming.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students if they know that computer is an electronic machine. Also, ask them if the computer can perform on its own or does it need instructions. Tell students about programming languages and its types. Also, explain Java and the basic structure of a program in Java.

Group discussion Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Warm Up

● Ask the students if they know that computer is an electronic machine. Also, ask them if the computer can perform on its own or does it need instructions.

● Now, relate the concept of programming and tell them that to make a computer function, we use a special language known as a programming language to communicate with it.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe programming language and its types.

Describe Java and its basic structure.

Explanation

Explain to students that programming languages allow us to write instructions for a computer. Tell them that the main types of programming language are low–level language and high–level language as given on page 99.

Tell students that Java is a versatile and widely used programming language known for its simplicity, flexibility and platform dependence. Tell them about the basic structure of a program in java, as given on pages 99 and 100.

Check for Understanding

Ask the following questions to the students to check their understanding.

● What is the meaning of high-level languages?

a. Human-readable and understandable

b. Difficult to understand

c. Hard for programmers

d. Platform dependent

Correct Response: a

● What does the public keyword in a Java program indicate?

a. This class is not accessible from any other class.

b. This class is accessible from any other class.

c. This class is accessible within the same class only.

d. This class is not accessible at all.

Correct Response: b

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students based on the topic ‘What will happen if we will not follow the syntax while writing a program in Java?’

Possible Response: In programming, we need to follow the grammar rules, known as syntax, to write the programs. If we do not follow syntax, then, we may not get the desired output from the program.

● Conclude the session by summarising that programming languages allow us to write instructions for a computer. The process of writing programs for computers in a particular programming language is called programming. The main types of programming language are low-level language and high-level language. Java is a versatile and widely used programming language known for its simplicity, flexibility and platform dependence.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 1, 2, and 3

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 1, 2, and 4

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1 and 2

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1 and 2

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1, 2, and 4

F. Apply Your Learning: Question 1

2. Variables

Learning Outcome

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe and use variables.

Keyword

● Variables: These are the containers used to store data values.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students what kinds of containers they use to store their important items.

Explain to students about variables. Attempt the given activity.

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework 5 mins 15 mins

mins 3 mins

Action Plan

Warm Up

● Ask the students what kinds of containers they use to store their important items.

5 mins

● Then, relate this idea to variables, explaining that variables are like containers used to store values.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcome

Describe and use variables.

15 mins

Explanation

Explain to students that variables are the containers to store data values. Also, explain how to declare variables and what are the rules for naming a variable as given on pages 100 and 101.

Check for Understanding

● Ask the following additional questions to the students to check their understanding.

1. What is initialisation of a variable?

2. Can you use a Java keyword as a variable name? Why/why not?

Correct Responses:

1. The process of assigning an initial value to a variable is known as initialisation.

2. A Java keyword cannot be used as a variable name because it is reserved for specific functions. Using a keyword as a variable name will result in an error.

7 mins

Build

● Create a few variables in Java and see if they are the valid variable names or not.

Possible Response: int 2age = 10; // Error: Cannot start with a digit

String class = "Amit"; // Error: 'class' is a reserved keyword double total-price = 99.99; // Error: Hyphens are not allowed

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that variables are the containers to store data values. To create a variable, you need to declare it with a data type and a name.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 3

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 3

E. Answer the Following: Question 3

3. Data Types

Learning Outcome

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe and use data types.

Keyword

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students to add two whole numbers in their notebooks. Now, ask them to add two decimal numbers.

● Data types: Data types are like categories that define what kind of data a variable can hold. 5 mins

Warm Up

Explain to the students the concept of data types.

Group discussion Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Action Plan

● Ask the students to add two whole numbers in their notebooks. Now, ask them to add two decimal numbers.

● Then, tell them that in programming, you need to store different types of values in different types of variables. This is decided by the data type.

15 mins

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcome

Describe and use data types.

Explanation

Tell the students that in Java, data types are like categories that define what kind of data a variable can hold. Also, explain their different types, such as int, float, and String, as given on pages 101 and 102.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 8A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses: Match the data types with data they can contain:

Operators

7 mins

Operators are predefined symbols that perform operations on one or more values. These values are knows

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among students based on the topic, ‘How are the data types helpful in programming?’

The combination of operators and operands is known as an expression.

Java supports the following types of operators:

Correct Response: Data types help computers understand how to interpret and manipulate data in a program.

• Arithmetic

• Assignment

Sum Up

• Comparison

• Logical

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that the data types are like categories that define what kind of data a variable can hold. There are two types of data types which are numbers and strings. Numbers include integers and floating-point numbers and strings are sequences of characters.

Let us have a look at all the operators one by one.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

Arithmetic Operators

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 4

C. Who Am I?: Question 4

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 4

Arithmetic operators are used with numerical values to perform common mathematical operations. Consider int x=10, y=3.

E. Answer the Following: Question 5

4. Operators

Learning Outcome

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe operators and their types.

Keywords

● Operators: These are predefined symbols that perform operations on one or more values. These values are called operands.

● Expression: The combination of operation and operands is known as expression.

WEBS at a Glance

Assign some mathematical problems to the students and ask them to solve these in their notebooks. Explain operators and their types to the students. Attempt the activity on the Assignment page. Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Action Plan

Warm Up

● Assign some mathematical problems to the students and ask them to solve these in their notebooks.

● Then, introduce the concept of operators in Java, explaining that they are also used to perform mathematical operations in programming.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcome

Describe operators and their types.

Explanation

Explain to students that operators are predefined symbols that perform operations on one or more values. These values are called operands. The combination of operation and operands is known as expression. Tell them that Java supports arithmetic, assignment, comparison and logical operators, as given on pages 102 to 105.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 8B section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses: 1. 19 2. True 3. 19

Build

● Write a program to find the sum, difference, product, division and modulus of two numbers. Correct Response: public class ArithmeticOperations { public static void main(String[] args) { int x = 40; int y = 6; int sum = x + y; int difference = x - y; int product = x * y; double division = x / y; int modulus = x % y;

System.out.println("Sum: " + sum); System.out.println("Difference: " + difference); System.out.println("Product: " + product); System.out.println("Division: " + division); System.out.println("Modulus: " + modulus);

7 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that operators are predefined symbols that perform operations on one or more values. Arithmetic operators are used with numerical values to perform common mathematical operations. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. Relational operators or comparison operators are used to compare two values and Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 5

C. Who Am I?: Questions 3 and 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 2, 3, 4, and 5

Introduction to Web Development 9

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

1. HTML and Its Basic Document Structure

2. Basic HTML Terminologies

3. CSS-I

4. CSS-II

1. HTML and Its Basic Document Structure

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe the concept of web development.

● describe HTML and its features.

● describe the basic structure of an HTML document.

● discuss the web browser and some of its basic components.

Keywords

● Web development: It is the process of designing, building, and maintaining web applications that work on the internet.

● HTML: It is the markup language used for creating websites.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask students to explore a favourite website and identify visible elements like text, images, buttons, and links to spark curiosity about how web pages are built.

Explain to the students about web development and HTML, along with its features. Also, explain to them the basic structure of an HTML document, a web browser, and its components.

Attempt the given activity.

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

● Ask students to explore a favourite website and identify visible elements like text, images, buttons, and links to spark curiosity about how web pages are built.

● Then explain that these elements are created using HTML, the basic language of web development.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe the concept of web development.

Describe HTML and its features.

Describe the basic structure of an HTML document.

Discuss the web browser and some of its basic components.

Explanation

Tell the students that web development is the process of designing, building, and maintaining web applications that work on the internet. Also, brief them about the programming languages used in web development, such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, as given on page 108.

Tell the students that HTML is a markup language used to develop web applications. Also tell them about the features of HTML, such as ease of learning, platform independence, media support, etc., as given on pages 108 and 109.

Tell the students about the two main parts that an HTML document is structured into: the head and the body, as given on page 109.

Explain to the students that a web browser is a software application that allows you to access and view web pages. Also tell them about some of its basic components, such as the address bar, navigation buttons, tabs, etc., as given on pages 109 and 110.

Check for Understanding

● Ask the following additional questions to the students to check their understanding. If a web page is like a house that people visit online, what role do HTML, web development, and the web browser play in building and showing that house?

Correct Response:

HTML is like the blueprint that defines the structure of the house (web page), web development is the entire process of designing and building that house using different tools and languages, and the web browser acts like a window that allows people to view and interact with the house online.

● Create a web page on the ‘Healthy Lifestyle’. The output should look like as given below:

Correct Response:

<html>

<head>

<title>Healthy Lifestyle</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Healthy Lifestyle</h1>

<div>

<p>Living a healthy lifestyle can make all the difference in the world as you navigate life’s journey. Making healthy decisions isn’t always simple; finding the time and energy to cook nutritious meals or exercise frequently can be challenging. But throughout your entire life, your achievements will be rewarded in a variety of ways. <br><br>Healthy lifestyle has led to many <i><b>amazing discoveries</ b></i>, such as healthy body and positive mind set.

</p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that HTML is the markup language used for creating websites. An HTML document is structured into two main parts: the head and the body. A web browser is a software application that allows you to access and view web pages.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 1 and 2

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 1

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1 and 2

2. Basic HTML Terminologies

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe a tag and write the syntax for various tags.

● discuss elements and their types.

● define what an attribute is.

● create a web page.

Keywords

● Tag: A tag tells the browser how to display the content that follows it.

● Element: An element is a combination of a tag and its content.

● Attribute: It is used to define the characteristic of an HTML element.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students to think of real-world labels or signs that provide extra information, like a tag on a shirt or a label on a food box.

Explain to the students about different tags. Also, tell them about elements and their types.

Explain to them what an attribute is and demonstrate how to create a web page.

Action Plan

Attempt the activity on the Assignment page.

Conclude the concepts Assign homework

5 mins

Warm Up

Ask the students to think of real-world labels or signs that provide extra information, like a tag on a shirt or a label on a food box.

Explain that just like these labels give useful details, HTML uses tags, elements, and attributes to describe and build parts of a web page.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe a tag and write the syntax for various tags.

Discuss elements and their types.

Define what an attribute is.

Explanation

Tell the students that a tag tells the browser how to display the content that follows it. Also, tell them about the different tags, their purpose, and syntax, as given on page 110.

Tell the students that an element is a combination of a tag and its content. Explain to them the two types of HTML elements: Container elements and Empty elements, as given on page 111.

Tell the students that an attribute is used to define the characteristic of an HTML element, as given on page 111.

Create a web page. Demonstrate how to create a web page using the concepts learnt so far, as given on pages 111 and 112.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 9A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

Column A

<h1>

Column B

Is a language for structuring web content.

Converts the text into bold.

<div> Is used for inserting comments in HTML code.

HTML Is used to create a division within a web page.

<b> Defines the main heading of a web page.

2. a. <title>My Web Page</title>

b. <h1>Welcome to My Page</h1>

c. <p>This is a paragraph</p>

d. <a href=https://www.example.com> Example Website</a>

Build

7 mins

● Create a web page on the topic ‘Ocean Life’ using HTML. The output should match the layout and formatting shown below:

Correct Response:

<html>

<head>

<title>Ocean Life</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Ocean Life</h1>

<div>

<p><b>Ocean life</b> refers to all the creatures and plants that live in the vast waters of our oceans. From tiny plankton to giant whales, the ocean is home to a <i><b>wide variety of species</b></i>. <br><br>

Many marine animals, like dolphins and sea turtles, are fascinating to study and help us understand life underwater. <br><br>

Exploring ocean life helps scientists learn more about Earth’s ecosystems and the importance of protecting our environment.

</p>

</div>

</body>

</html>

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that a tag tells the browser how to display the content that follows it. An element is a combination of a tag and its content. An attribute is used to define the characteristics of an HTML element.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 3

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 2 and 4

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1, 2, 4, and 5

E. Answer the Following: Question 3

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 2 and 3

3. CSS-I

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe CSS and its features.

● add style to an HTML document.

Keyword

● CSS: Short for Cascading Style Sheets, it is a language used to style HTML elements.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students to describe how they choose colours, patterns, or styles when decorating their notebooks or personal items.

Explain to the students about CSS and its various features. Also, demonstrate to them how to add style to an HTML document.

Action Plan

Attempt the given activity.

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Warm Up

Ask the students to describe how they choose colours, patterns, or styles when decorating their notebooks or personal items.

Then tell them that just like we use colours and designs to make our belongings look better, CSS is used to style web pages and make them more attractive.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe CSS and its features.

Add style to an HTML document.

Explanation

Tell the students that CSS, short for Cascading Style Sheets, is a language used to style HTML elements. Also, tell them about some of the key features of CSS, such as selectivity, consistency, cascading, etc., as given on pages 112 and 113.

Explain to the students the three ways to add style to an HTML document: Inline CSS, Internal CSS, and External CSS, as given on pages 113 and 114.

Check for Understanding

● Ask the following additional questions to the students to check their understanding. If two websites have the exact same content, but one is colourful and well-designed while the other is plain and dull, which one would you spend more time on and why? How can these pages be created?

Possible Response:

The colourful and well-designed website is more engaging and easier to use. CSS helps make web pages look attractive and user-friendly.

● Create a simple web page that demonstrate all three methods of using CSS: inline, internal, and external.

Correct Response: <!DOCTYPE html> <head>

<title>Simple Web Page</title>

<style> body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: lightblue; }

h1 { color: darkblue; text-align: center; } p { font-size: 18px; color: darkgreen; } </style>

<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”styles.css”> </head> <body>

<h1 style=”color: darkred;”>Welcome to Our Web Page</h1>

<p>This is a simple web page to demonstrate how to add style using CSS.</p>

<p>Inline CSS: It is applied directly to an HTML element using the ‘style’ attribute.</p>

<p>Internal CSS: It is placed within the <style> tag in the <head> section of the HTML document.</p>

<p>External CSS: It is linked to an external .css file using the <link> tag.</p>

</body> </html>

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to style HTML elements. CSS can be used to change the appearance of HTML elements. Some of the features of CSS are selectivity, consistency, cascading, responsive design, etc. There are three ways to add style to an HTML document: Inline CSS, Internal CSS, and External CSS.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 4

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 1

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 2

E. Answer the Following: Question 4

F. Apply Your Learning: Question 1

4. CSS-II

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● create a CSS class in an HTML document.

● style HTML elements and define the styles for different elements.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up

Now, as the students understand the basic concept of CSS, ask them what part of the web page they would like to style.

Explain to the students what a CSS class is and demonstrate how to create it. Also, explain to them what selectors and properties in HTML are; brief them about the commonly used selectors and properties and how they can be used to style web pages.

Action Plan

Warm Up

Group discussion

Think and Tell Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Now, as the students understand the basic concept of CSS, ask them what part of the web page they would like to style.

Also, tell them that CSS has a concept of classes, that helps to style the web pages in a better way.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Create a CSS class in an HTML document.

Style HTML elements and define the styles for different elements.

Explanation

Tell the students that CSS classes are a way to group similar HTML elements together so that they can be styled all at once. Also, explain to them how to create a CSS class, as given on page 114.

Tell the students that selectors are used to select the HTML elements that they want to style, and properties are used to define the styles that they want to apply to those elements. Tell them about the commonly used selectors and properties. Explain them how to apply the selectors and properties in HTML, as given on pages 114 to 116.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud Question 1 (b, c, and d) and Question 2 (b and c) provided in the Do It Yourself 9B section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

Q1. b. similar

c. background

d. background-color

Q2. b. T

c. T

7 mins

● Sree wants to create a web page to display some information about the moon. Help her create the HTML code with CSS code to make the web page look like the one given below. The background colour of the body should be light green, and the box’s background colour should be orange.

Correct Response: <html> <head>

<title>Moon Information</title> <style> body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 0; padding: 20px;

background-color: lightgreen;

.container { margin: 0 auto; padding: 20px; background-color: orange; border-radius: 10px; } h1 {

text-align: center; color: black; }

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Information about the Moon</h1>

<p>The <b>Moon</b> is Earth’s only natural satellite. It is about one-quarter the size of Earth and is the fifth largest moon in the solar system. Here are some important facts: </p>

<p> The Moon is about <i>4.5</i> billion years old.</p>

<p> The Moon’s gravity is about one-sixth of Earth’s gravity.</p>

<p>The Moon is tidally locked to Earth, meaning the same side always faces Earth.</p>

<p>The Moon has no atmosphere, which means there is no weather.</p>

<p>The Moon’s surface is covered in craters, mountains, and plains called maria.</p>

</div> </body> </html>

● Conclude the session by summarising that CSS classes are a way to group similar HTML elements together so that you can style them all at once. Selectors are used to select the HTML elements that you want to style, and properties are used to define the styles that you want to apply to those elements.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 3 and 5

C. Who Am I?: Question 3

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 3, 4, and 5

E. Answer the Following: Question 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Question 4

Images and Hyperlinks in HTML 10

1. Adding Images

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe different methods to add images to an HTML document.

● describe the points to keep in mind while adding images to a web page.

● write HTML code to add images to a web page.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students to think of their favourite picture and imagine how they would show it on a web page.

Explain to the students the different methods to add images, the points to remember while adding images, and how to add images to a web page using the HTML code.

Attempt the given activity.

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Action Plan

Warm Up

● Ask the students to think of their favourite picture and imagine how they would show it on a web page.

● Then relate the concept by explaining how we can add images to a web page in different ways using HTML, and the important points to consider for each method.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe different methods to add images to an HTML document.

Describe points to keep in mind while adding images to a web page.

Write HTML codes to add images to a web page.

Check for Understanding

Explanation

Explain to the students how to add images using the <img> element and using background images, as given on page 120.

Explain the important points to remember while adding images to a web page, such as providing the URL of the image directly if it’s hosted on the internet, as given on pages 120 and 121.

Explain to them how to write HTML codes to add images including background images, as given on pages 121 and 122.

● Ask the following additional questions to the students to check their understanding.

1. What are the different methods to add images to an HTML document?

2. What are some important points to keep in mind when adding images to a web page?

Correct Responses:

1. Following are the different methods to add images to an HTML document:

i. Using the <img> tag with the src attribute.

ii. Embedding images with CSS as a background.

iii. Using an external image URL.

2. You should keep the following points in mind while adding images to a web page:

i. Correct file path or URL.

ii. Proper image size.

iii. Use the ‘alt’ attribute.

iv. Choose the right image format.

Build

● Create a web page on the topic My Favourite Animal. Add a suitable image to it.

Correct Response:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>My Favourite Animal</title>

7 mins

background-color: #fefbd8; text-align: center;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>My Favourite Animal: The Tiger</h1>

<p>The tiger is a powerful and majestic wild cat known for its orange fur and black stripes.</p>

</body> </html>

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that in an HTML document, images can be added using these two methods: using the <img> element and using background images. Also, revise the points while adding images to a web page. Tell them how to write HTML code to add images.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 1

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 4

C. Who Am I?: Questions 1 and 2

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1 and 3

F. Apply Your Learning: Question 3

2. Styling Images

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● use a style attribute and a class to style an image.

● use common CSS properties to style an image.

● write HTML code to style an image.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up

Engage

Build Sum Up

Ask the students to think about how they would make a photo look more attractive on a web page. Explain to the students how to style an image using a style attribute and a class. Also tell them about the common CSS properties used to style images and how to write HTML code to style an image. Attempt the given activity.

Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Action Plan

Warm Up

5 mins

● Ask the students to think about how they would make a photo look more attractive on a web page.

● Then tell them that they can style their images in HTML using various CSS attributes.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Use a style attribute and a class to style an image.

Use common CSS properties to style an image.

Write HTML code to style an image.

15 mins

Explanation

Tell the students that an image can be styled in two ways: using a style attribute and using a class. Also give examples of the HTML codes for both the methods of styling images, as given on page 123.

Explain the common CSS properties used to style images, such as width, height, margin, padding, etc., as given on page 123.

Demonstrate to the students how to add an image and style it using a class, as given on pages 123 and 124.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 10A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

1 Match the columns.

1. Do It Yourself 3A

Column A

Column B

Is an attribute for specifying the source of an imageUsed to provide alternative text for images

Is an HTML element for adding images Using a class

Is a purpose of the alt attribute margin

Is a way to apply CSS styles directly to an HTML element src

Specifies the amount of space around the image<img>

2. a. <img>

b. class

c. height

d. background-image

e. border-radius

Build

7 mins

● Consider the web page created in the previous session. Style the image given in the web page using the style elements and rewrite the code.

Correct Response:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>My Favourite Animal</title>

</style> </head> <body>

<h1>My Favourite Animal: The Tiger</h1>

<p>The tiger is a powerful and majestic wild cat known for its orange fur and black stripes.</p>

</body> </html>

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising how an image can be styled in two ways: using a style attribute and using a class. Tell them that some CSS properties used to style images are width, height, margin, etc. Demonstrate to them how to write HTML codes to style an image.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 2

C. Who Am I?: Questions 3 and 4

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1, 2, and 4

E. Answer the Following: Question 2

F. Apply Your Learning: Question 2

3. Flexbox

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe what a flexbox is.

● describe the properties of a parent (a flex container) and a child (a flex item).

● write HTML codes to use a flexbox.

Keyword

Warm Up

Ask the students to arrange their pencil box items (like eraser, sharpener, pencils) in a straight line or stack them. Then ask how they decided the order and position.

● Flexbox: A flexbox is a CSS layout module that allows you to easily create flexible and responsive layouts by arranging the objects inside a box (container element) in a flexible and responsive way. 5 mins

Warm Up

WEBS at a Glance

Engage Build Sum Up

Explain to the students what a flexbox is, the properties of a parent (a flex container), and a child (a flex item). Also, demonstrate how to write HTML codes to use a flexbox.

Action Plan

Attempt the given activity.

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

● Ask the students to arrange their pencil box items (like eraser, sharpener, pencils) in a straight line or stack them. Then ask how they decided the order and position.

● Then relate the concept by explaining that just like they arranged the items in their pencil box, flexbox helps us arrange items on a web page in rows or columns with control over spacing, alignment, and order.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Explanation

Describe what a flexbox is. Explain to the students that a flexbox is a CSS layout module that allows them to easily create flexible and responsive layouts by arranging the objects on a web page in a flexible way, as given on page 125.

Learning Outcomes

Describe the properties of a parent (a flex container) and a child (a flex item).

Write HTML codes to use a flexbox.

Check for Understanding

Explanation

Explain to the students the properties of a parent (a flex container) and a child (a flex item), as given on pages 126 and 127.

Demonstrate to the students how to write HTML codes to use a flexbox to place items within a web page, as given on pages 127 to 133.

● Ask the following additional questions to the students to check their understanding.

1. What is a flexbox, and why is it useful in web design?

2. List two important properties of a flex container and two of a flex item.

Correct Responses:

1. A flexbox (short for Flexible Box) is a layout model in CSS that makes it easier to design flexible and responsive layouts. It allows items to automatically adjust their size and position based on the space available in the container.

2. Flex container properties: display: flex; Makes the container a flex container. justify-content: Controls how items are spaced along the main axis (e.g., center, space-between, space-around).

Flex item properties: flex-grow: allows an item to fill up the available free space. order: allows the change in order of items without altering the source order.

Build

7 mins

● Write a short HTML and CSS code snippet that uses Flexbox to display three boxes in a row, equally spaced.

Correct Response:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<style>

.flex-container { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; background-color: #f0f0f0; padding: 20px; }

.flex-item { background-color: #4CAF50; color: white; padding: 20px; width: 100px; text-align: center; }

</style> </head> <body>

</div>

</body> </html>

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that a flexbox is a CSS layout module that allows you to easily create flexible and responsive layouts by arranging the objects inside the box (container element) in a flexible and responsive way. Also revise the properties of a parent (a flex container) and a child (a flex item). Tell them how to write HTML code to use the flexbox.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 2, 4, and 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Questions 3 and 5

C. Who Am I?: Question 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 4 and 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 1 and 4

4. Hyperlinks

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe hyperlink.

● write HTML code to add a hyperlink to a web page.

Keyword

● Hyperlink: Hyperlinks, also known as links, allow users to navigate from one web page to another by clicking a text or an image link.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up Engage Build Sum Up

Ask the students to look around their favourite website and observe how they jump from one page to another with just a click. Explain to the students what hyperlink is and demonstrate to them how to add a hyperlink using an anchor tag. Attempt the given activity.

Action Plan

Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

5 mins

Warm Up

● Ask the students to look around their favourite website and observe how they jump from one page to another with just a click.

● Explain that this jump is made possible by hyperlinks and how to add one to a web page using HTML.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

15 mins

Explanation

Describe hyperlink. Tell the students that hyperlinks, also known as links, allow users to navigate from one web page to another by clicking a text or an image link, as given on pages 130 and 131.

Write HTML code to add a hyperlink to a web page.

Demonstrate to the students how to add hyperlink card images on a web page using an anchor tag, as given on pages 131 to 133.

Check for Understanding

● Ask the following additional question to the students to check their understanding. What is a hyperlink, and how can you add one to a web page using HTML?

Correct Response:

A hyperlink is a link that allows users to go from one web page to another or to a different section of the same page when they click on it.

To add a hyperlink in HTML, you use the <a> tag.

Example:

<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>

Build

7 mins

● Create a simple web page introducing the Artemis mission with a link that opens the official NASA page in a new tab.

Correct Response:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Explore Artemis</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>NASA's Artemis Mission</h1>

<p>

NASA’s Artemis program aims to return humans to the Moon and eventually land the first woman and person of colour on the lunar surface.

Learn more about this exciting mission by clicking the link below: </p>

<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/" target="_blank">Discover the Artemis Program</a> </body>

</html>

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that hyperlinks, also known as links, allow users to navigate from one web page to another by clicking a text or an image link. To create a hyperlink in HTML, we can use the <a> tag. The <a> tag has the required href attribute, which specifies the URL of the linked page.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 3

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 1

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 3

Lists and Tables in HTML 11

This chapter is divided into the following sessions

Adding Lists 2. Styling Lists 3. Adding Tables 4. Styling Tables

1. Adding Lists Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe list and its types.

● create ordered list.

● create unordered list.

● create description list.

Keyword

● List: Lists in HTML are similar to a shopping list or a to-do list.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students how they create their to do list.

Discuss with the students about list and its different types. Group

5 mins

Warm Up

● Ask the students how they create their to do list.

● Now, build the concept that HTML allows you to create three types of lists: which are ordered lists, unordered lists, and description lists.

15 mins

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Describe list and its types.

Explanation

Tell the students that lists in HTML are like a shopping list or a to-do list. In HTML, we can create three types of lists: ordered (numbered), unordered (bulleted), and description lists, as given on page 137.

Create ordered list. Explain to the students that ordered lists, also known as numbered lists, are used to list the items in a specific order. They are defined using the <ol> tag. Show the examples of how to create an ordered list, as given on pages 137 and 138.

Create unordered list. Explain to the students that unordered lists, also known as bulleted lists, are used to list the items in no particular order. They are defined using the <ul> tag. Demonstrate the examples for creating an unordered list, as given on page 138.

Create definition list. Describe to the students that description lists are used to display a list of terms and their definitions. They are defined using the <dl> tag. Show to the students how to create a description list, as given on page 139.

Check for Understanding

Ask the following questions to the students to check their understanding.

● What is another name for an ordered list?

Correct Response: numbered list

● What will be the output of the following code?

<ul>

<li>Apple</li>

<li>Mango</li>

<li>Grapes</li> </ul>

Correct Response: The code will generate an unordered list as follows:

● Apple

● Mango

● Grapes

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students on the topic ‘Why are lists important?’.

Possible Response: They help us to organise items in a clear and easy-to-read manner on a web page.

● Conclude the session by summarising that lists in HTML are like a shopping list or a to-do list. Ordered lists, also known as numbered lists, are used to list items in a specific order. Unordered lists, also known as bulleted lists, are used to list items in no particular order. Description lists are used to display a list of terms and their definitions.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 1

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 2

C. Who Am I?: Question 1

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 1 and 2

2. Styling Lists

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● use the style attribute.

● use CSS classes.

● add a bookmark in an HTML document.

WEBS at a Glance

Warm Up

Ask the students to recall how they have seen colourful or differently styled lists on websites or apps they use every day.

Engage Build Sum Up

Discuss with the students how to style HTML lists using style attributes and CSS classes. Also demonstrate to them how to add a bookmark in an HTML document. Attempt the given activity. Conclude the concepts Assign homework

Action Plan

Warm Up

5 mins

Ask the students to recall how they have seen colourful or differently styled lists on websites or apps they use every day.

Then, tell them that they can also style such lists using the style attribute and CSS classes in a web page.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

15 mins

Explanation

Use the style attribute. Demonstrate to the students how to use the style attribute to specify the appearance of an individual item in the list or the entire list, as given on pages 139 and 140.

Use CSS classes. Tell the students that CSS classes can be used to style lists in a more reusable way. Demonstrate to them how to style lists using CSS classes in the Space Exploration project, as given on pages 140 to 142.

Learning Outcomes Explanation

Add a bookmark in an HTML document.

Explain to the students that, similar to how we use the bookmarks in our books to quickly jump to a specific page, HTML bookmarks help us jump to a specific part of a web page on the internet. Demonstrate to the students how to add a bookmark in the Space Exploration project, as given on pages 143 and 144.

Check for Understanding

● Read aloud the questions provided in the Do It Yourself 11A section and encourage the students to solve the questions. Instruct the students to write the answers in their book.

Correct Responses:

1. a. PADDING b. <UL> c. <OL> d. UNORDERED e. <LI> 2.

Build

7 mins

● Create a simple HTML web page on an interesting topic: “Top 3 Amazing Animals”. Style the list using style elements, use classes, and add bookmarks.

Correct Response: <!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Top 3 Amazing Animals</title> <style>

.animal-list { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } .bookmark-link { color: #1abc9c; text-decoration: none; } .bookmark-link:hover { text-decoration: underline; } </style> </head>

<body>

<h1>Top 3 Amazing Animals</h1>

<ul>

<li><a class=”bookmark-link” href=”#axolotl”>Axolotl</a></li>

<li><a class=”bookmark-link” href=”#quokka”>Quokka</a></li>

<li><a class=”bookmark-link” href=”#narwhal”>Narwhal</a></li> </ul>

<h2 id=”axolotl”>1. Axolotl</h2>

<li>Can regenerate limbs.</li> <li>Lives in lakes in Mexico.</li> </ul>

<h2 id=”quokka”>2. Quokka</h2>

<ul class=”animal-list”> <li>Known as the “happiest animal.”</li> <li>Native to Australia.</li> </ul>

<h2 id=”narwhal”>3. Narwhal</h2>

<ul class=”animal-list”> <li>Called the “unicorn of the sea.”</li> <li>Has a long tusk that is a tooth!</li> </ul>

</body>

</html>

Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that the style attribute can be used to specify the appearance of an individual item on the list or the entire list. To use a CSS class to style a list, simply add the class name to the opening tag of the list or the list item. HTML bookmarks help us jump to a specific part of a webpage on the internet.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Questions 2, 3, and 4

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 1

C. Who Am I?: Question 5

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 5

E. Answer the Following: Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 3 and 6

3. Adding Tables

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● describe a table.

● create a table.

Keyword

● Table: A table is a grid of rows and columns.

WEBS at a Glance

Ask the students to analyse their school’s time table. Discuss about a table and how to create a table in HTML.

Group discussion Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Ask the students to analyse their school’s time table. Now, build the concept that HTML facilitates you to create a similar table on a web page.

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Explanation

Describe a table. Discuss with the students that a table is a grid of rows and columns. Each row represents one item in the list, and each column represents a different piece of information about that item, as given on page 145.

Create a table. Explain about the tags used to create a table like <table>, <tr>, <th>, etc. as given on pages 145 and 146.

Check for Understanding

Ask the following questions to the students to check their understanding.

● Which tag is used to add a caption to a table?

Correct Response: <caption>

● What is the default alignment of data in a cell of a table?

7 mins

● Conduct a group discussion in the class among the students on the topic ‘Why do we need tables on a web page?’.

Possible Responses: We need tables to organise data on the web page. Tables make it easy to understand the data.

Correct Response: Left Sum Up

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that a table is a grid of rows and columns. Each row represents one item in the list, and each column represents a different piece of information about that item. There are various tags that are used to create tables in HTML which are <table></table>, <th></th>, <tr></tr>, <td></td>, <caption></caption>, etc.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

A. Fill in the Blanks: Question 5

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 4

C. Who Am I?: Questions 2 and 4

D. Write T for True and F for False: Questions 1, 3, and 4

F. Apply Your Learning: Questions 2, 4, and 5

4. Styling Tables

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, the students will be able to:

● use CSS properties to style tables.

● style table in Space Exploration project.

Keyword

Ask the students if they have ever noticed how different websites display information in neat, organised tables.

● CSS: It is a language that allows you to control the appearance of HTML elements. 5 mins

Warm Up

WEBS at a Glance

Demonstrate how to use CSS properties to style tables in HTML. Attempt the given activity. Conclude the concepts

Assign homework

Action Plan

Ask the students if they have ever noticed how different websites display information in neat, organised tables.

Then tell them that they can create and style tables on web pages using CSS to make them look clean and professional.

Engage

Explain the following concepts:

Learning Outcomes

Explanation

Use CSS properties to style tables. Demonstrate to the students how to use different CSS properties like border, border-collapse, margin, padding, width, and height to style tables, as given on page 147.

Style table in Space Exploration project.

Show them how to add a table and style it in the Space Exploration project, as given on pages 148 and 149.

Check for Understanding

● Ask the following additional question to the students to check their understanding. Why do you think it’s important to style tables on a webpage, especially when displaying large amounts of data?

Correct Response:

Styling tables makes the data more readable, organised, and visually appealing. It helps users easily find and compare information, enhancing their experience on the website. A well-styled table can also highlight key information, making it more user-friendly and professional.

Build 7 mins

● Create a simple web page about world’s most popular sports with a styled table using CSS.

Correct Response:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>World’s Most Popular Sports</title>

<style>

table { width: 75%; margin: 20px auto; border-collapse: collapse; }

th, td { padding: 12px; text-align: center; border: 2px solid #2ecc71; } th { background-color: #2ecc71; color: white; }

td { background-color: #ecf0f1; } caption { font-size: 24px; font-weight: bold; margin: 10px;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>World’s Most Popular Sports</h1>

<table>

<caption>Popular Sports</caption>

<tr>

<th>Sport</th>

<th>Number of Fans (Billions)</th>

<th>Region of Popularity</th> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Soccer</td> <td>4.0</td> <td>Global</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Cricket</td> <td>2.5</td>

<td>South Asia, UK, Australia</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Basketball</td> <td>2.4</td>

<td>North America, Europe, China</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Tennis</td>

<td>1.0</td> <td>Global</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Field Hockey</td> <td>2.0</td>

<td>Asia, Europe</td>

</body> </html>

3 mins

● Conclude the session by summarising that you can use various CSS properties like border, border-collapse, margin, padding, width, and height to style your tables.

● Assign the additional activity given on the panel to the students as homework.

● Assign the following questions from the Chapter Checkup given at the end of the chapter as homework.

B. Tick the Correct Option: Question 3

C. Who Am I?: Question 3

D. Write T for True and F for False: Question 2

Answer Key

Chapter-1 Computer Hardware

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. Hardware 2. CPU 3. brain 4. temporarily 5. long term

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. a. CPU

2. b. Handheld scanner

3. c. Dot matrix printer

4. c. To project images on a screen

5. c. Blu-ray disc

C. Who Am I?

1. Microphone 2. Arithmetic Logical Unit 3. Hard disk 4. Mouse 5. Monitor

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T

E. Answer the Following.

1. The difference between RAM and ROM is:

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM is a volatile memory that can store the data as long as the power is supplied.

ROM (Read Only Memory)

ROM is a non-volatile memory that they can retain data even when the power is turned off. Read and write operations are supported. Only read operations are supported. It is a high-speed memory. It is much slower than the RAM. CPU can easily access data stored in RAM. CPU cannot easily access data stored in ROM. RAM is costlier than ROM. ROM is cheaper than RAM.

2. Two impact printers are: Dot Matrix and Daisy wheel Printer

Two non-impact printers are: Inkjet and Laser Printer

3. Advantages of optical mouse over mechanical mouse are:

Optical mice use a light-emitting diode (LED) to detect movement, providing more precise and accurate tracking compared to mechanical mice with a ball mechanism. This can be beneficial for tasks that require precision, such as drawing or detailed graphic work. On the other hand, the optical mice have a fewer moving parts since they lack the rotating ball found in the mechanical mice. This results in less wear and tear, making optical mice more durable and less prone to mechanical failures. Optical mice can work on a variety of surfaces, including smooth and reflective ones, without the need for a mouse pad. Mechanical mice may require a specific surface or mouse pad for optimal performance.

4. Primary differences between USB, HDMI, and VGA ports are:

a. USB (Universal Serial Bus):

Function: Used for connecting various devices to a computer.

Example Devices: Flash drives, keyboards, mice, printers, and other peripherals.

b. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface):

Function: Transmits audio and video signals between the devices.

Example Devices: HDTVs, monitors, gaming consoles, DVD/Blu-ray players, and laptops.

c. VGA (Video Graphics Array):

Function: Transmits analog video signals between the devices.

Example Devices: Older computers, projectors, some monitors.

5. A plotter is preferred over a regular printer for a wall-sized world map in a school due to its ability to print larger, more detailed images, offering precision and durability for effective classroom learning.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. Vivek needs to connect a webcam to the computer for the video call.

2. Veera should choose a flatbed scanner for her project because it is suitable for high-quality images and is more common for general scanning tasks.

3. Aarav must use a projector to effectively display his slides on a large screen for the whole class.

4. In the computer lab, I would use USB ports for keyboards and mice because they are common and easy to connect, and HDMI ports for monitors to provide good display quality.

5. An external hard drive is the device Tanika must use to store the important data as it is portable, rewritable, and can store a large amount of data.

Chapter-2 Number Systems

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. 0 and 1 2. bit 3. 10 4. 8 and 16 5. 3

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. b. Binary 2. c. Base 10 3. c. 10 4. a. Binary 5. d. 4

C. Who Am I?

1. Binary number system 2. Decimal number system 3. Octal number system

4. Hexadecimal number system 5. Number 0

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

E. Answer the Following.

1. A Number System is a way of representing and expressing numbers using a set of symbols or digits.

2. The base of a number system is the total number of digits the system uses. It is important to understand how numbers are represented and manipulated in that number system.

3. ‘Hexa’ means 6 and ‘Decimal’ means 10. So, in a hexadecimal number system, total 16 digits are considered. It has digits from 0 to 9 and letters of the alphabet A to F, where A is 10, B is 11, and so on up to F as 15.

4. To process any number into the computer, we need to convert a decimal number into a binary number.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. a. Decimal to Binary 2 12 2 6 0 2 3 0 2 1 1 0 1

(12)10 = (1100)2 Decimal to Octal 8 12 8 1 4 0 1 (12)10 = (14)8

Decimal to Hexadecimal 16 12 0 12 = C

(12)10 = (C)16

b. Decimal to Binary 2 89 2 44 1 2 22 0 2 11 0 2 5 1 2 2 1

2 1 0 0 1

(89)10 = (1011001)2

Decimal to Octal 8 89 8 11 1 8 1 3 0 1

(89)10 = (131)8

Decimal to Hexadecimal 16 89

(89)10 = (59)16

c. Decimal to Binary

(361)10 = (101101001)2

Decimal to Octal 8 361

45 1

5 5 0 5 (361)10 = (551)8

Decimal to Hexadecimal 16 361 16 22 9 16 1 6 0 1 (361)10 = (169)16

d. Decimal to Binary

(671)10 = (1010011111)2

to Octal

(671)10 = (1237)8

Decimal to Hexadecimal 16 671 16 41 15 16 2 9 0 2

(671)10 = (29F)16

e. Decimal to Binary

1 (906)10 = (1110001010)2 Decimal to Octal

906

113 2

14 1

1 6 0 1

(906)10 = (1612)8

Decimal to Hexadecimal

(906)10 = (38A)16

2. a. Binary to Decimal (11)2 = (1 × 21) + (1 × 20) = 2 + 1 = (3)10

The decimal form of binary number (11)2 is (3)10

Binary to Octal

I. Forming groups of 3 starting from the right: 11

II. Converting binary into decimal: 11 = 3

The octal form of binary number (11)2 is (3)8

Binary to Hexadecimal

I. Forming groups of 4 starting from the right: 11

II. Converting binary into decimal: 11 = 3

The hexadecimal form of the binary number (0011)2 is (3)16

b. Binary to Decimal (110)2 = (1 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (0 × 20) = 4 + 2 + 0 = (6)10

The decimal form of the binary number (110)2 is (6)10

Binary to Octal

I. Forming groups of 3 starting from the right: 110

II. Converting binary into decimal: 110 = 6

The octal form of the binary number (110)2 is (6)8

Binary to Hexadecimal

I. Forming groups of 4 starting from the right: 110

II. Converting binary into decimal: 110 = 6

The hexadecimal form of the binary number (110)2 is (6)16

c. Binary to Decimal (100011)2 = (1 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (0 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (1 × 20) = 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1 = (35)10

The decimal form of the binary number (100011)2 is (35)10

Binary to Octal

I. Forming groups of 3 starting from the right: 100 011

II. Converting binary into decimal: 100 = 4 011 = 3

III. Combining digits: 43

The octal form of binary number (100011)2 is (43)8

Binary to Hexadecimal

I. Forming groups of 4 starting from the right: 10 0011

II. Converting binary into decimal: 10 = 2 0011 = 3

III. Combining digits: 23

The hexadecimal form of the binary number (100011)2 is (23)16

d. Binary to Decimal (111010)2 = (1 × 25) + (1 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (1 × 21) + (0 × 20)

= 32 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = (58)10

The decimal form of the binary number (111010)2 is (58)10

Binary to Octal

I. Forming groups of 3 starting from the right: 111 010

II. Converting binary into decimal: 111 = 7 010 = 2

III. Combining digits: 72

The octal form of the binary number (111010)2 is (72)8

Binary to Hexadecimal

I. Forming groups of 4 starting from the right: 11 1010

II. Converting binary into decimal: 11 = 3 1010 = 10

III. Combining digits: 3A

Because, in hexadecimal 10 = A

The hexadecimal form of the binary number (111010)2 is (3A)16

e. Binary to Decimal (10001001)2 = (1 × 27) + (0 × 26) + (0 × 25) + (0 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (0 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (1 × 20)

= 128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = (137)10

The decimal form of the binary number (10001001)2 is (137)10

Binary to Octal

I. Forming groups of 3 starting from the right: 10 001 001

II. Converting binary into decimal: 10 = 2 001 = 1 001 = 1

III. Combining digits: 211

The octal form of the binary number (10001001)2 is (211)8

Binary to Hexadecimal

I. Forming groups of 4 starting from the right: 1000 1001

II. Converting binary into decimal: 1000 = 8 1001 = 9

III. Combining digits: 89

The hexadecimal form of the binary number (10001001)2 is (89)16

3. a. Hexadecimal to Decimal (1B)16 = (1 × 161) + (11 × 160) = 16 + 11 = (27)10

Hexadecimal to Binary

I. Take each digit of the number separately.

1 B=11

II. Convert each digit into its binary form. 1 1011

III. Write each derived binary number in groups of 4. 0001 1011

IV. Join the binary numbers. 00011011

The binary form of (1B)16 number is (00011011)2

b. Octal to Decimal

(561)8 = (5 × 82) + (6 × 81) + (1 × 80)

= (5 × 64) + (6 × 8) + (1 × 1)

= 320 + 48 + 1 = (369)10

Octal to Binary

I. Take each digit of the number separately.

5 6 1

II. Convert each digit into its binary form.

101 110 1

III. Write each derived binary number in the groups of 3. 101 110 001

IV. Join the binary numbers. 101110001

The binary form of the (561)8 number is (101110001)2

c. Octal to Decimal (717)8 = (7 × 82) + (1 × 81) + (7 × 80) = (7 × 64) + (1 × 8) + (7 × 1)

= 448 + 8 + 7 = (463)10

Octal to Binary

I. Take each digit of the number separately.

7 1 7

II. Convert each digit into its binary form. 111 1 111

III. Write each derived binary number in the groups of 3. 111 001 111

IV. Join the binary numbers. 111001111

The binary form of the (717)8 number is (111001111)2

d. Hexadecimal to Decimal (B28)16 = (11 × 162) + (2 × 161) + (8 × 160)

= (11 × 256) + (2 × 16) + (8 × 1) = 2816 + 32 + 8 = (2856)10

Hexadecimal to Binary

I. Take each digit of the number separately.

B 2 8

II. Convert each digit into its binary form. B = 11 = 1011 2 = 10 8 = 1000

III. Write each derived binary number in groups of 4. 1011 0010 1000

IV. Join the binary numbers. 101100101000

The binary form of the (B28)16 number is (101100101000)2

e. Hexadecimal to Decimal (D4E)16 = (13 × 162) + (4 × 161) + (14 × 160) = (13 × 256) + (4 × 16) + (14 × 1) = 3328 + 64 + 14 = (3406)10

Hexadecimal to Binary

I. Take each digit of the number separately.

D 4 E

II. Convert each digit into its binary form. D = 13 = 1101 4 = 100 E = 14 = 1110

III. Write each derived binary number in the groups of 4. 1101 0100 1110

IV. Join the binary numbers. 110101001110

The binary form of the (D4E)16 number is (110101001110)2

Chapter-3 Computer Virus

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. malware 2. slowdown 3. boot sector 4. sweeper 5. program file

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. b. A type of malicious software

2. a. Faster performance

3. c. Stealing sensitive information or causing harm

4. c. Detecting suspicious behaviour or code patterns

5. c. Malicious software that pretends to be helpful

C. Who Am I?

1. Antivirus 2. Worms 3. Spyware 4. Macros 5. Trojan horse

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T

E. Answer the Following.

1. A computer virus is like a harmful computer program that sneaks into your computer without your knowledge. Once it is in, it can cause all sorts of problems. It might slow down your computer, mess up your important files and programs, etc.

2. A computer virus can spread from one system to another through removable storage devices. If a virusinfected pen drive is inserted into another computer with the AutoRun feature enabled, it can spread the virus automatically. Even if the AutoRun is disabled, a virus can still infect a computer when a file on the pen drive is opened.

3. An antivirus is a type of computer program or software designed to detect, prevent, and remove malicious software, commonly known as malware, from a computer system. The primary purpose of an antivirus software is to protect your computer and data from various types of threats, including viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware, adware, and other forms of malicious software.

4. Ways to prevent a virus are:

a. Install a firewall to control the network traffic. Always scan the USB flash drives.

b. Avoid downloading the pirated software.

c. Scan the downloaded files before opening them.

5. The methods for scanning external media, like USB flash drives, using an antivirus software are:

a. Connect the external media: Plug in the external media device (e.g., a USB drive or external hard drive) that you want to scan into an available USB port on your computer.

b. Open the antivirus program: Launch your antivirus software.

c. Select the external media scan option: Look for an option that allows you to scan the external media or the removable devices. This option is often labelled as "USB Scan" or something similar.

d. Choose the external media: Select the external media device you want to scan from the list of the available drives.

e. Start the scan: Click on the "Scan" or "Start Scan" button to begin scanning the external media, and the software will examine the files and folders to find any threats.

f. Review and take action: Once the scan is complete, the software will provide a report and the recommended actions to quarantine or remove any detected threats.

g. Safely eject the external media: After scanning and ensuring that the external media is free from threats, safely eject it from your computer to avoid spreading malware to other devices.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. Sree's computer may be slowing down due to malware or unwanted programs causing pop-up windows. Running a thorough antivirus scan and removing any suspicious software could help to improve performance.

2. Raj should avoid opening the attachment and verify the sender's identity. It is crucial not to download or open files from unknown sources. If in doubt, he should consult with IT support or use an online virus scanner before opening the attachment.

3. Polymorphic viruses can change their code to avoid detection by traditional antivirus programs. Archi may need specialised tools or assistance from cybersecurity professionals to effectively remove the polymorphic virus from her computer.

4. Raju might have downloaded a form of malware known as Trojan Horse, which disguises itself as a useful program but causes harm once installed. Using reputable antivirus software and regularly scanning the system can help identify and remove such threats.

5. Tanya's computer is likely infected with ransomware, which encrypts files and demands payment for their release. Tanya should not pay the ransom and seek help from the IT professionals or use reputable antivirus software to remove the ransomware and attempt to recover her files.

Chapter-4 Ethics and Safety Measures

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. Spams 2. ethical 3. cyber stalking 4. Private browsing 5. firewall

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. d. To keep organisations safe from security risks

2. b. To trick individuals into sharing personal information or money

3. c. Clearing cache and cookies regularly

4. b. Creating strong and unique passwords

5. b. Sharing personal information with strangers

C. Who Am I?

1. Internet 2. Spam mail 3. Piracy 4. Copyright 5. Active digital footprints

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F

E. Answer the Following.

1. The internet is a worldwide network of connected devices for sharing information and communication.

2. Softlifting is the unauthorised installing, copying, or sharing software, especially among friends and family.

3. Some of the computing ethics principles are:

● Respect the privacy of others and yourself by not sharing sensitive information.

● Always share correct information and do not spread fake stories.

● Use strong passwords, update your software, and do not do harmful things like hacking.

4. Digital footprint is the trail of information that we leave behind when we do something online. Types of digital footprints—Active digital footprints and Passive digital footprints.

5. Some ways to recognise a spam are when unsolicited and often repetitive messages received as emails, texts, or comments on websites.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. These unwanted emails are called spams.

2. The stealing of someone’s work and sharing it online without permission is called plagiarism.

3. The internet helped in online transactions while doing online shopping.

4. The advertisements appeared because of the digital footprints that Ramya would have left while she was searching for shoes.

5. Arnav should not share his friend’s photo without his permission, because it will be a violation of the rules of computing ethics.

Chapter-5 Introduction to Spreadsheets

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. spreadsheet 2. formula bar 3. cell range 4. Functions 5. autosave

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. c. =SUM (B2:B6)

C. Who Am I?

1. PRODUCT( ) 2. ABS( ) 3. IF( ) 4. LOWER( ) 5. LEN( )

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. F

E. Answer the Following.

1. The uses of spreadsheets are tracking expenses and savings, organising data, performing calculations, and creating charts and graphs.

2. The MIN( ) function is used to find the minimum value in a range of cells.

Example: =MIN(A1:A5)

Output= 1

3. The three components of the Google Sheets window are: cells, rows, and columns.

4. HELLO

5. Helloworld!

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. Greater than 10

2. The IF function verifies if the provided condition is met. This function returns value1 when the condition is true and value2 when the condition is false.

The syntax of the IF function is: =IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false)

Function: =IF (H1>50, ‘Yes’, ‘No’)

Let’s suppose the value of cell H1 is 48, then the function will return ‘No’.

3. = J1 * J2 + J3

Let’s suppose the value of cells J1, J2, and J3 are 10, 20, and 30, respectively. Then the formula will return 230.

4. The formula and the result for the following questions are as follows:

a. =SUM (B2:B10)

Total cost=922

b. =MAX (B2:B10)

The backpack is the most expensive item.

c. =MIN (B2:B10)

The eraser is the least expensive item.

d. =AVERAGE (B2:B10)

The average price of the stationery item is 102.44.

Chapter-6 Editing and Formatting Data Using Google Sheets

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. Ctrl + C 2. Revert 3. Redo 4. Ctrl + V 5. Drag

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. c. Typing

2. c. Ctrl + V

3. d. Reverses the most recent change

4. a. To automatically fill in a series of cells with data based on the pattern of the first few cells

5. d. All of these

C. Who Am I?

1. Moving cell data 2. Dragging 3. Fill handle 4. Ctrl + A 5. Autofill

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F

E. Answer the Following.

1. Copying cell

data

Copying cell data means copying the data from one or more cells and pasting it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or another one.

This will keep the data in both places.

Moving cell data

Moving cell data means cutting the data from one or more cells and pasting it into another cell or cells in the same spreadsheet or another one.

The data will only be in one place after you move it.

2. The undo feature allows you to undo or revert recent changes made in a spreadsheet. The redo feature allows you to redo or repeat the recent changes. It will redo the last change that you have undone using the Undo command.

3. You can follow these steps to insert a column:

a. Choose the column next to where you want to add a new column. Left-click on the column letter to select the column.

b. Right-click and select the Insert 1 column left option from the pop-up menu. OR Right-click and select the Insert 1 column right option from the pop-up menu.

4. You can follow these steps to autofill a series of cells:

a. Select the cells for the pattern to be followed to generate new data and fill the series of cells with it.

b. Hold the left mouse button and drag the Fill Handle to autofill the cells with new data.

5. Autofill can be used to generate number series, date series, and text series.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. To choose cells in the row for the month of January, left-click on the cell you want to select.

2. To add a new row for the missed entry in the budget table, Rahul must choose the row next to where he wants to add a new row by left-clicking on the row number and then right-clicking and selecting the Insert 1 row above option from the pop-up menu.

3. To autofill the remaining days in the schedule, after typing Monday and Tuesday, select the two cells and then hold the left mouse button and drag the Fill Handle (the small dot that appears at the bottom-right corner of the last cell of the selection) to fill in the subsequent days.

4. To delete a range of cells with wrong information, Ananya can select the range, right-click, and select the Delete cells > Delete cells and shift left or Delete cells and shift up option from the pop-up menu.

5. To add a new column to track item availability in Shreya’s spreadsheet, choose the column next to where you want to add a new column by left-clicking on the column letter to select the column. Right-click on the column letter next to the data, choose Insert 1 column left or Insert 1 column right options.

Chapter-7 Introduction to DBMS

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. record 2. ASC/DESC 3. show database 4. INT 5. view

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. b. SELECT FROM

2. b. filters the result

3. c. AND

4. d. ORDER BY

5. b. A key that uniquely identifies a record in a table

C. Who Am I?

1. database

2. SQL

3. Database management system

4. Table

5. Primary Key

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T

E. Answer the Following.

1. Database Management System consists of six main components. These are:

● Hardware

● Software

Procedures

● Data

● Database Access Language

Hardware: The hardware of computers consists of physical components such as a keyboard, mouse, monitor, and processor.

Software: Software is a set of programs that help hardware perform its job.

People: People interacting with computers are also referred to as the “live-ware“ of the computer system.

Procedures: A procedure is a form of general instructions or guidelines for using a DBMS. These instructions include how to set up the database, install it, log in and out, manage it, create a backup, and generate reports from the database.

Data: These are the actual pieces of information, like numbers or texts that are input into a computer system. Data refers to the collection of raw facts stored in a database.

Database Access Language: Database Access Language is a language that allows users to give commands to a database to operate the stored data.

2. DDL (Data Definition Language) commands are crucial for creating and modifying the structure of a database, like designing tables. DML (Data Manipulation Language) commands help manage the actual data within the tables, allowing actions like inserting, updating, or deleting information, ensuring effective organisation and retrieval of data.

3. The WHERE clause in SQL is like a filter that helps find specific information in a database. For example, if you have a list of students, you can use WHERE to find only those who got an A in a subject. So, it helps you get exactly the information you need from a database.

4. In a database, a primary key is a unique identifier for each record in a table. It can be a single column or a combination of multiple columns. For example, in the Students table, we can make Student_ID the Primary Key as it uniquely identifies each row in the table. Whereas, a candidate key is a column or combination of columns that can uniquely identify each record in a table. A table can have multiple candidate keys, but only one can be the primary key. For example, in the Students table, Student_ID, and Library_ID are the candidate keys, as they both uniquely identify each record in a table.

5. The ORDER BY clause allows you to sort the retrieved data in ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC) order based on one or more columns. For example, if we have a list of students and their scores, we can use ORDER BY to see the highest scores first, making it easier to understand and use the information.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. INSERT INTO Student_Record (Student_Name, Grade, Section) VALUES (‘Sarah’, 6, ‘B’).

2. SELECT * FROM Student_Record WHERE Grade = 5 AND Section = ‘A’.

3. To uniquely identify each student with the same name, you could use a unique identifier like a student ID or a combination of attributes like Grade, Section, and a unique identifier.

4. To retrieve books by a specific author (let’s say the author’s name is ‘AuthorName’): SELECT * FROM Library_Books WHERE Author = ‘AuthorName’.

5. SELECT * FROM Student_Record WHERE Grade = ‘7’ AND InBasketballTeam = ‘true’.

Chapter-8 Introduction to Java

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. program 2. human-readable 3. class 4. int 5. mathematical

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. a. 0s and 1s 2. b. main () method 3. b. num_1 4. b. syntax 5. b. mathematical operations

C. Who Am I?

1. Java

2. Binary language

3. Assignment operators

4. float

5. Logical Operators

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F

E. Answer the Following.

1. A computer cannot operate on its own. It requires specific instructions to perform tasks. These instructions are not typically in human-readable languages, such as English, Japanese, or French. To make a computer function, we use a special language known as a programming language to communicate with it. Programming languages allow us to write instructions for a computer, and a collection of these instructions is called a program. The process of writing programs for computers in a particular programming language is called programming.

2. public class ClassName { public static void main (String[] args) { // statement } } public static void main{ }: This line defines the main() method. In Java, the main() method is the entry point of any Java application. When you run a Java program, the code inside the main method is executed.

3. There are certain rules you need to follow while naming a variable. Some of these rules are:

● Special symbols like %, &, *, etc. cannot be used in variable names except underscore () and dollar ($).

● A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character.

● As Java is a case-sensitive language, variable names are also case-sensitive.

● A variable name can have numbers within it but cannot begin with a number.

● A Java keyword cannot be used as a variable name. Some examples of valid and invalid variable names are given below:

Variable Name Validity

1num=100 Invalid

num_1430 Valid

num2 = 250 Valid

greeting%message Invalid

4. Low-level languages: As computers are electronic machines, their working depends on electrical signals. These signals are coded into 0s and 1s, which are called binary digits or bits. The programs that are written using bits are called low-level language programs, and the language is called a low-level programming language or machine language.

High-level languages: It is difficult for human beings to write or understand a program written in machine language. So, for the convenience of programmers, other programming languages were developed, using which they can easily write programs. These languages are called high-level languages. Examples of high-level languages are C, C++, Java, and Python.

5. Data types are like categories that define what kind of data a variable can hold. Data types help computers understand how to interpret and manipulate data in a program.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. public class SimpleProgram { public static void main(String[] args) { // Declare and initialise an integer variable int myNumber = 42;

// Print the value on the output screen System.out.println("The value of myNumber is: " + myNumber);

2. public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { int number1 = 5; int number2 = 7; int sum = number1 + number2; System.out.println("The sum of " + number1 + " and " + number2 + " is: " + sum);

3. public class SquareAreaCalculator { public static void main(String[] args) { // Define the side length of the square double sideLength = 5.0; // assuming the side length is in centimetres // Calculate the area of the square double area = sideLength * sideLength; // Print the result System.out.println("The area of the square with side length " + sideLength + " cm is: " + area + " square cm“);

4. public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { double principalAmount = 1000; double rateOfInterest = 5; int timeInYears = 2; double amount = principalAmount * (1 + (rateOfInterest / 100) * timeInYears); System.out.println("The amount after " + timeInYears + " years at an interest rate of " + rateOfInterest + "% is: $“ + amount);

5. public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { double pi = 3.14; double radius = 5; // Example: radius of 5 units double circumference = 2 * pi * radius; double area = pi * radius * radius; System.out.println("Circumference of the circle: " + circumference); System.out.println("Area of the circle: " + area);

Chapter-9 Introduction to Web Development

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. web applications 2. head, body 3. angle 4. external

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. c. Inline CSS 2. d. <br> 3. b. my-class 4. d. <a> 5. a. border-color

C. Who Am I?

1. Attribute 2. <div> 3. margin 4. <i> 5. <img>

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F

E. Answer the Following.

1. Web development is the process of designing, building, and maintaining web applications that work on the internet.

Web development involves following the two main tasks:

i. Writing the code that makes the website work

ii. Adding content to the website, such as texts, images, and videos

2. The basic structure of an HTML document is as follows: <html> <head> <title> Document Title</title> </head> <body>

</body> </html>

3. The <img> tag is used to display an image. You need to specify the source (URL) of the image, using the src attribute.

Here is an example: <img src=”image.jpg”>

In this example, ‘image.jpg’ is the source file for the image.

4. The CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a language used to style HTML elements. The CSS can be used to change the appearance of the HTML elements, such as their font, colour, and size. Some key features of CSS include:

i. Selectivity: CSS can be used to select specific HTML elements to style such as changing colours, styling fonts, spacing elements, and resizing them.

ii. Consistency: You can use the same styles for many pages on a website to make them look similar.

iii. Cascading: CSS styles are applied in the cascading order. This means that the most specific style will be applied to an element, even if there are other styles that are more general.

iv. Responsive design: CSS can be used to create responsive web pages that work on all devices, from desktop computers to smartphones.

v. Animations and transitions: CSS can be used to add animations and transitions to web pages, which can make them more visually appealing and engaging.

5. Selectors are used to select the HTML elements that you want to style, and properties are used to define the styles that you want to apply to those elements.

Some of the most common selectors in HTML include: element selectors, class selectors, ID selectors, and combination selectors. Some of the CSS properties are: color, font-family, font-size, font-weight, etc.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. First, create a CSS class called my-class: <p class=”my-class”>This is a paragraph</p>

Once you have created a CSS class, you can style it using the . (dot) character and the class name. For example, the following CSS code will make all the paragraphs with the my-class blue, and 30 pixels in size: .my-class { color: blue; font-size: 30px; }

2. The <div> tag is used in HTML to make divisions of content in the web page such as texts, images, and headers.

Syntax: <div>content</div>

3. <b> converts the text into bold.

Syntax: <p><b>This is paragraph of the text that will appear in bold.</b></p>

4. .highlight { color: yellow; background-image: url(‘back.png’);

Chapter-10 Images and Hyperlinks in HTML

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. alt 2. flex-wrap 3. anchor 4. align-items 5. child

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. b. <a href=”http://www.example.com”>Visit Website</a>

2. a. border-radius

3. b. To create flexible layouts and arrange elements flexibly

4. b. Using the background-image property

5. a. display: flex

C. Who Am I?

1. <img> tag 2. background-size: cover 3. box-shadow 4. filter 5. justify-content property

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T

E. Answer the Following.

1. The error in the HTML code is that the <img> tag is being closed with </img> instead of being self-closed with />. The correct HTML code is as follows: <img src=”image.jpg” alt=”A beautiful landscape” />

2. Padding is the CSS property that specifies the amount of space between the border of the image and its contents.

3. The corrected code is as follows: .my-div { background-image: url(‘background.jpg’); background-size: cover; }

4. To arrange the flex items vertically in a flex container, the value of the flex-direction should be set to a column, and not row.

Therefore, the corrected code is:

.container { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }

5. The flex-grow property allows a flex item to fill up the available free space.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. The background colour of the div when you hover over it will be yellow.

2. Based on the provided HTML and CSS code, each image will have a width of 80% of its container and there will be a margin of 10 pixels around each image.

3. The output of the given HTML code will be the display of an image with the specified source. If the image is not found, there will be a broken image icon and an alternative text (“Image of my cat”) will appear if the image cannot be displayed.

Without the alt attribute, users would not have any alternative text to convey the content of the image, which may result in a less accessible experience for those users.

4. If you try to display the provided HTML code without using a flexbox, the elements within the <div> with class “flex-container” will be displayed according to their default behaviour, which is to stack vertically, with each element taking up the full width of its container by default. There would not be any specific layout or alignment applied to the elements.

Chapter-11 Lists and Tables in HTML

Chapter Checkup

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. numbered 2. list-style-type 3. style 4. type 5. tbody

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. a. List-style-image 2. b. <dt> 3. b. Border 4. a. Left-aligned by default.

C. Who Am I?

1. type attribute 2. <th> 3. background-color 4. table caption 5. HTML bookmarks

D. Write T for True and F for False.

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F

E. Answer the Following.

1. When you click on a link with the following HTML code, it will navigate to the element in the document with the ID “myBookmark”. HTML bookmarks help us jump to a specific part of a webpage on the internet.

2. You can use the style attribute to specify the bullet style for your unordered list. To change the bullet style to squares, use the following code:

</ul>

Output:

● Item 1

● Item 2

● Item 3

3. We must use the Font-color property to specify the font colour of the text in the list items. For example, the following HTML code defines an unordered list to change the text colour of all the list items to blue

</ul>

4. The purpose of using the id attribute when creating bookmarks in HTML is to uniquely identify an element within the document. When you create a bookmark using the id attribute, you can then link to that specific element within the same document using an anchor link.

5. The error in the CSS code is as follows: font:size: 14px; is incorrect. The correct property name is font-size, not font:size. font-color: #333; is incorrect. The correct property for setting the text color is color, not the font-color. margin 15px; is missing a colon after the margin. The correct syntax for setting margins is margin: 15px;.

F. Apply Your Learning.

1. The ordered list of hobbies are as follows: <ol type=”a”> <li>Dancing</li> <li>Singing</li> <li>Reading books</li> </ol>

2. a. The second <li> element is not properly nested within the <ol> element. The corrected code is as follows: <ol> <li>Item 1</li> <li>Item 2</li> <li>Item 3</li> </ol>

b. The error in the provided HTML code is a typo in the closing <caption> tag. The correct tag name should be </caption>, not <capiton>. Also, the <tr> tag is not closed.

The corrected code is as follows: <table> <caption>Table of Products</caption> <tr> <th>Product</th> <th>Price</th> </tr> </table>

3. The mistake in the provided code for creating a bookmark link is that it is missing the “#” symbol before the value of the href attribute.

The corrected code is as follows: <a href=”#section2”>Jump to Section 2</a>

4. HTML code to create a table of the planets in the solar system is as follows: <html> <head>

<title>Planets in the Solar System</title> <style> table { border: 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse;

margin: 0 auto; padding: 10px; width: 400px; }

th { background-color: #ab2f; text-align: center; }

td { text-align: center; } </style> </head> <body>

<h2>Planets in the Solar System</h2> <table> <tr> <th>Planet</th> <th>Distance from the Sun (Millions of km)</th> <th>Number of Moons</th> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Mercury</td> <td>57.9</td> <td>0</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Venus</td> <td>108.2</td> <td>0</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Earth</td> <td>149.6</td> <td>1</td> </tr>

<tr>

<tr>

<td>Jupiter</td> <td>778.6</td>

<tr>

<td>Saturn</td> <td>1433.5</td> <td>82</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Uranus</td> <td>2872.5</td> <td>27</td> </tr>

<tr>

<td>Neptune</td> <td>4495.1</td> <td>14</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html>

5. HTML program to create a table of the scores for a soccer game is as follows: <html> <head> <title>Soccer Game Scores</title> <style> table { border: 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 auto; padding: 10px; width: 400px; } th { background-color: #ab2f; text-align: center; } td { text-align: center; } </style> </head> <body>

<h2>Soccer Game Scores</h2>

<table>

<tr> <th>Team</th> <th>Goals Scored</th> <th>Yellow Cards</th> <th>Red Cards</th> </tr> <tr>

6. Program to create an HTML list of favourite foods and changing the colour of the list items when you hover over them.

<html> <head> <title>Favourite Foods</title> <style>

/* CSS to change colour on hover */ ul { list-style-type: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; } li { padding: 10px; background-color: #f0f0f0; } li:hover { background-color: #e0e0e0; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>My Favourite Foods</h1>  <ul>

<li>Pizza</li> <li>Sushi</li> <li>Chocolate</li> <li>Ice Cream</li> <li>Steak</li> </ul>

</body> </html>

Mains Test Paper 1 (Based on Chapters 1 to 5)

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. Input 2. number system 3. Antivirus 4. Hackers

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. b. Flatbed 2. d. Hexadecimal 3. b. Program file virus 4. c. Plagiarism

C. Write T for True and F for False.

1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T

D. Answer the Following Questions.

1. A light pen is a pointing input device that allows users to interact with the computer screen by detecting light. It works like a pen and is used to draw or select objects on the monitor.

2. A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate software program. Once installed, it can harm your system or steal information.

4. A digital footprint refers to the trail of data you leave behind when you use the internet. It includes websites you visit, emails you send, and information you submit online.

E. Apply Your Learning.

1. Blu-ray Disc

2. Step 1: Convert Hexadecimal (B28)16 to Decimal:

B2816 = (11 × 162) + (2 × 161) + (8 × 160) = (11 × 256) + (2 × 16) + (8 × 1) = 2816 + 32 + 8 = 285610

Step 2: Convert Decimal 2856 to Binary: We divide the number by 2 repeatedly and note the remainders. Then, we read the remainders from bottom to top to get the binary equivalent.

Now, write the remainders from bottom to top: 285610 = 1011001001002

3. a. The formula gives the square root of 36. So, the answer is 6. b. The formula gives today’s date depending on the system date. [Sample Answer: 4/14/2025]

Mains Test Paper 2 (Based on Chapters 6 to 11)

A. Fill in the Blanks.

1. programming 2. Editing 3. border-radius 4. bulleted

B. Tick () the Correct Option.

1. b. Assignment 2. d. CSS 3. c. flex-basis 4. c. Reports

C. Write T for True and F for False.

1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T

D. Answer the Following Questions.

1. Variables are containers used in programming to store data values. They hold information that can be used and changed during the execution of a program.

2. JavaScript is a programming language used to make web pages interactive. It can be used to create dynamic effects like image sliders, pop-ups, and form validation.

3. An image can be styled using CSS properties like width, height, border, border-radius, and box-shadow to control its size, shape, and appearance.

4. Undo is used to reverse the last action or step taken, while Redo is used to reapply the action that was undone.

E. Apply Your Learning.

1. Riya can use CSS properties like font-family, font-size, font-color, text-align, and font-weight to format the text.

2. Select both cells (1 and 2), then drag the fill handle (a small square at the bottom-right corner of the selection) down to autofill the remaining numbers in the column.

About the Book

Uolo has introduced a comprehensive program, Hexa, for Grades 1 to 8, aimed at empowering young minds with essential knowledge and skills for the digital age.

To support the effective implementation of Hexa in classrooms, this Teacher Manual has been thoughtfully designed. It provides structured lesson plans for each chapter, guiding teachers through both classroom instruction and computer lab activities. Every lesson follows Uolo’s research-based WEBS framework, which simplifies teaching methodologies and enhances lesson delivery, making learning more engaging and impactful for students.

Special Features

• Sharp Lesson Planning: Each lesson plan focuses on specific sub-learning outcomes within a chapter and are designed for delivery within the stipulated class or lab time.

• Real-life and Application-based Questions: Additional questions that link Computer Science to real-life contexts and assist teachers to develop learners' conceptual understanding and application skills.

• Support and Detailed Solutions: In-depth solutions for in-class and post-class activities to reinforce learning.

About Uolo

Uolo partners with K-12 schools to bring technology-based learning programs. We believe pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, South East Asia, and the Middle East.

ISBN 978-93-49697-36-2