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Guidebook - Level B

Page 1


TeacherGuide-SmartMachinesLevelB

Copyright©2026

Editors:LindseyOwnandKaylynLee

ISBN:978-981-17736-4-8

Publishedby:

SKOOL21PTE.LTD.

71RobinsonRoad,#14-01,068895,Singapore

FirstEditionpublishedbySKOOL21PTELTD-Singapore,2024

SecondEditionpublishedbySKOOL21LLC-UnitedStates,2026

No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permittedbycopyrightlaw.

Forpermissionsorinquiries,pleasecontact:

Email:info@skool21org

Website:https://skool21.org

Address:600CaliforniaSt,#13-021,SanFrancisco,CA94108,UnitedStates

Preface

WelcometotheFutureofTeachingandLearning!

Thankyouforjoiningusonthisexcitingjourney!TheSKOOL21STEMInnovatorsseriesis designednotonlytoignitecuriosityinstudentsbutalsotoempowerteacherstolead meaningful, hands-on STEM learning experiences. Through this series, you will guide young innovators as they explore, design, and solve real-world challenges using science,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM).

BuildingonaStrongFoundation

EachleveloftheSKOOL21STEMseriesbuildsuponthepreviousone,creatingastrong continuum of learning — from simple machines to advanced 3D modeling. Students travel through key technological eras, from the Industrial Revolution to the innovations shaping our future. No matter their starting point, every learner will discovernewskillsanddeeperunderstandingalongtheway.

LearningbyDoing

At SKOOL21, we believe students learn best by doing. Each book comes with a comprehensive STEM kit, enabling students to build, test, and explore concepts through hands-on challenges. As a teacher, you will facilitate engaging projects where students actively create, problem-solve, and apply critical thinking skills — all whilehavingfun.

MakingaReal-WorldImpact

Every project is designed to connect learning to real-world issues, inspired by the SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Throughthesechallenges,studentsseehow their ideas can contribute to solving problems like clean water access, renewable energy, and environmental conservation empowering them to envision a better world.

TeachingLikeaPro

The SKOOL21 STEM program aligns with international standards and best practices, ensuring that both teachers and students are developing the collaboration, innovation, and design thinking skills valued in today’s world. You’re not just supporting schoolwork — you’re preparing the next generation of thinkers, leaders, andchangemakers.

LessonStructure

Each lesson in the handbook follows a structured format to ensure clarity and effectiveimplementation.Thestructureincludes:

TheEngineeringDesign Process

The Engineering Design Process (EDP) is a systematic approach used by engineers and designers to solve problems and create innovative solutions. It provides a structured framework for developing new products, processes, or systems by following a series of well-defined steps. This process is not only applicable in engineering but is also widely used in various STEM disciplines to tacklechallengesanddevelopcreativesolutions.

For students in first grade and above, the typical Engineering Design Process follows multiple iterative steps, including identifying a problem, researching,brainstorming,designing,prototyping, testing, and refining solutions. However, for Preschool and Kindergarten learners, this process has been adapted to three essential steps: Plan, Do,andReview Thissimplifiedversionensuresthat young learners can engage with STEM concepts in adevelopmentallyappropriatemanner.

The table below illustrates how the three-step PreK and Kindergarten EDP aligns withthemorecomplexengineeringdesignprocessusedinhighergrades:

This structured approach encourages creativity, critical thinking, and iteration, formingastrongfoundationforfutureSTEMlearning.

FosteringSocialSkills

STEM activities naturally build key social skills. Teachers can help students practice and strengthen these skills by guiding them during group work, discussions,andprojectchallenges

Keysocialskillsdevelopedinclude:

Collaboration

Encouragestudentstoshareideas andassignrolesduringgroup worktobuildteamworkand respectfordifferentperspectives

CriticalThinking

Promptstudentstoask"why"and "whatif"questionswhensolving problemsordesigningsolutions

EmpathyandRespect

Remindstudentstovalue everyone 'sideasandsupport peersbyusingkind,respectful language.

ConflictResolution

Coachstudentstotalkthrough disagreementscalmlyandfind solutionsthateveryonecan accept

Reflection

Buildreflectionintotheprocessby askingstudentswhatworkedwell, whatwaschallenging,andwhat theywoulddodifferentlynexttime

Communication

Modelclearcommunicationand askstudentstoexplaintheir thinkingandlistencarefullyto teammates

Problem-Solving

Challengestudentstotrydifferent strategieswhentheyface obstaclesandpraisepersistence.

TimeManagement

Helpteamssetmini-deadlines andguidethemtobreakprojects intosmaller,manageabletasks

PresentationSkills

Givestudentsregularchancesto presenttheirworktopeers,using clearspeakingandsupportive feedback

Teamworking

Celebratestrongteamworkby recognizingwhenstudentsshare leadership,encourageeachother, andsolveproblemstogether

Teaching STEM also teaches students how to think, work, and lead. By actively supporting social skills during projects, teachers prepare students not just for academicsuccess,butforfuturecareersandlifechallenges.

MakerspaceSetup

Amakerspaceisacreative,hands-onareawherestudentsexploreSTEM conceptsthroughbuilding,experimenting,andsolvingproblemstogether.This guideisdesignedforteacherswhoarenewtoSTEMandlookingforclearstepsto setupandmanageamakerspace.

MaterialsManagement:

STEMClassroomManagement

STEMclassesarehands-on,highlyengaging,andoftennoisy—that’sagood thing!Butwithoutclearroutinesandstructures,theycanquicklybecome chaotic.Awell-managedmakerspaceallowsstudentstoexploreandinnovate safely,responsibly,andcollaboratively.

STEMClassSessionRoutine

Setaclearandconsistentstructuretoeachsessionsostudentsknowwhatto expectandstayfocused:

ToolandMaterialsRules:

EffectiveTeamwork

AnimportantaspectofthesocialskillsdevelopedthroughSTEMlearningis effectiveteamwork.Teacherscansupportstudentsindevelopingtheseskills throughpurposefulstructuringofstudentteamssothattheycanpractice effectiveteamwork.

Havinganassignedrolewithinateamgiveseach studentspecificresponsibilities,sothatthereisno questionofwhoshoulddowhat Assigningrolesensures thatnostudenttakestoomuchcontrolofthegroup,and nostudentremovesthemselffromthegroup’sefforts.

Lessonsareintendedtobecompletedingroupsof3or4students,andeach lessonhasaplacetorecordwhowillperformeachroleforthatlesson.Whether youassigngroupsandrolesorallowstudentstoself-select,ensurethatstudents rotaterolesregularly!

Therolesinlevels1-3arebasicallythesame,butwithslightlysimplerwording foryoungerstudents.

Leader

Testing

Ensuresallteammembersareabletosharetheirideasandtake turnsbuilding(notthe“decisionmaker”)

Collectskitsandmaterials,keepstrackofmaterialsduringconstruction, responsiblefordisassemblingandreturningmaterialsneatly

Bringsanyquestionstotheteacher,coordinatesproject presentations

Comparesprototypestodesigncriteria,looksformissingcriteriaor forstructuralweaknessesthatcanbeimproved

Notethatnoonerolehasthefullresponsibilityofbuildingprototypes-all studentsinthegroupshouldbeinvolvedinbuilding!

Ifyourstudentsareworkingingroupsof3,youmightcombinetheProject Communicator/ReporterandProjectTester/TestingSupervisorroles.

Ifyourstudentsareworkingingroupsof5ormore,youmightconsiderthe followingadditionalroles:

Documentarian-takesphotosormakessketchesofeachprototypealong thewaytobeabletosharethefullstoryofhowthegroupdevelopedtheir solutionidea

Timekeeper-paysattentiontohowmuchtimeisavailableforeachstepof theproject,andencouragestheteamtokeepeachstepwithinitsallotted time

LevelsAandBdonothavedesignatedroleswithinthestudentworkbooks.Ensure thatyourstudentsaresharingmaterialsandcommunicatingwitheachother!

ImplementationGuide

TheSKOOL21STEMInnovatorsHandbookoffersproject-basedSTEMlessonsfor Pre-KthroughGrade12 Teacherscanusethreemainmodelstoimplementthese projects:

S t a n d a r d s A l i g n m e n t

1 Build a Habitat 20-30 min Life on Land K-LS1-1

2 Build a Boat 20-30 min Sustainable Cities and Communities

3 Build a Playground 20-30 min Good Health and Well Being K-PS3-2

4 Build a Truck 20-30 min Life on Land K-ESS3-3

K2-ETS1-1 1Bp.02,1TWSc.02

6 Build a Wind Meter 20-30 min Climate Action K-ESS2-1

7 Build a Spin Dryer 20-30 min ResponsibleConsumption and Production

K.MD.A.2 1Nc.01,1Ss.03

K.MD.A.2 1Nc.01,1Ss.03

1Ni.02,1Ni.05

1Ni.02,1Ni.05,1Gg 04

8 Build a Box Mover 20-30 min Industry, Imagination, and Infrastructure K-PS2-1 1Pf.01, 1Pf.02

K-PS2-2 1Pf.01, 1Pf.02 1.3.d., 1.4.c., 1.7.c.

1.4.c., 1.7.c. K.MD.A.1,K.MD.A.2,K OA A 2 1Gg.04,1.Ni.01 9 Build a Sailboat 20-30 min Life Below Water

Build a Bicycle 20-30 min Climate Action

K.OA.A.3

Build a Machine 20-30 min Sustainable Cities and Communities K-2-ETS1-2 1Cc.01,1TWSc.02 1.3.d., 1.4.c., 1.7.c.

K.OA.A.3

Build a Well 20-30 min Clean Water and Sanitation K-2-ETS1-3 1TWSc.05 1.3.d., 1.4.c., 1.7.c.

K.MD.A.1 1Ss.02

K-LS1-1 1Bp.02,1Bp.03 1.3.d., 1.4.c., 1.7.c.

Build a Moving Model 20-30 min Quality Educaiton

13

K.G.A.2 1Gg.05

K-PS2-1, K-2ETS1-1 1TWSp.02 1.3.d., 1.4.c., 1.7.c.

Build a Spinning Toy 20-30 min Quality Educaiton

14

K.OA.A.2 1Ni.03

15 Build a Catapult 20-30 min Industry, innovation and infrastructure K-PS2-2 1Pf.02 1.3.d., 1.4.c., 1.7.c.

K.OA.A.2 1Ni.03

K-2-ETS1-2 1TWSp.02 1.3.d., 1.4.c., 1.7.c.

Capstone Build the Future 30-45 min Industry, innovation and infrastructure

CambridgeScienceAlignment

LearningObjective

ThinkingandWorkingScientifically

Animals,Plants,andTheirEnvironment

CambridgeMathematics Alignment

LearningObjective

CountingandCardinality

OperationsandAlgebraicThinking

MeasurementandData

SchemeofWork

Session Objectives

Project3:BuildaPlayground

Project5:BuildaFarmTool

Project6:BuildaWindMeter

Project7:BuildaSpinDryer

Project8:BuildaBoxMover

Project9:BuildaSailboat

Project10:BuildaBicycle

Project11:BuildaMachine

LessonPlans andAnswerkey

LearningObjectives

Project1:BuildaHabitat

LessonPlan

Attheendofthelesson,thelearnerswill:

Identifytypesofhabitats

Describethethingsfoundinhabitats

Representanumberofobjectswithawrittennumeral0-20

Materials

Vocabulary

Duration: 30-45minutes

Theplacewhereananimalorplantlives

Asmallcopyoftherealthing

Preparation(TeacherTo-DoBeforeClass)

Preparethematerialsfortheclass. Setupasampleworkingfordemonstration

LearningActivities

1.Reviewthevocabulary.Then,prompt learnerstodescribeeachpicture.

2.Then,directlearnerstocircletheobjects thatshowahabitat.

3.Afterlearnersmaketheirchoices,invite learnerstosharetheirthinking.Allow learnerstochangetheirresponsesafter listeningtotheirclassmates.

4.Next,havelearnerscheckthethings foundinhabitats

1.Promptlearnerstoidentifydifferenthabitatssuchasforest,desert,rainforest,andocean. Recordtheseontheboardforlateruse.

2.Asklearnerstodescribewhatplantsandanimalsareineachhabitatandwhattheyneed tosurvive(food,water,andshelter).

3.Provideaccesstothekitsandclearoffbuildingareas,whichmaybeonthetabletopsor thefloor.Itisrecommendedthatlearnershavetheopportunitytoworkindependentlyandin pairsasmaterialsareavailable.

4.Oncelearnershavecreatedtheirhabitatmodel,havethemdrawit.Checkthattheyhave includedananimal,plant,food,shelter,andwater.

Drawyourhabitatmodel.

1.Then,readthedirectionstoimprovetheirmodelsandhavelearnersupdatetheirdesigns.

2.Youmaywantlearnerstoconsidercombiningtheirdesignswithanotherlearner’stobuild alargerhabitatwithmoreplantsandanimals.

3.Promptlearnerstodescribetheirhabitatsandwhereanimalsmightfindshelter,food, andwater.

4.Then,havelearnersdrawtheirnewlyupdatedhabitatmodels

Drawyournewhabitatmodel.

1.Readthefirstquestionaloud.Then,havelearners recordthenumberofpiecesthattheyusedintheir firstdesign Iftheyforget,havethemrefertotheir drawings.

2.Readthesecondquestionaloud Then,have learnerscounteachpiecetheyaddedtotheirnew designandrecordthenumber.

3.Readthethirdquestionaloud.Then,havethe learnersusethewordsontheboardtowritethe nameoftheirhabitat

4.Asaclass,havelearnersdiscusstheirmodelsand whattheywouldchangetomakethembetterifthey hadmoretimeandmaterials Havelearnerswrite theirresponses.

5.Invitelearnerstoself-reflect

Itcouldbearguedthattheswimming poolisahabitatformicroorganisms!

Reviewanswerswillvarydepending onstudents’habitats.

LearningObjectives

Project2:BuildaBoat

LessonPlan

Attheendofthelesson,thelearnerswill:

Makepredictionsaboutobjectsthatsinkandfloat

Shareinformationaboutpreparingforsevereweather Answer“howmany?”questions

Materials

Vocabulary

Duration: 30-45minutes

Somethingusedtocarrypeopleandgoodsacrosswater Toplanandcreatesomething

Preparation(TeacherTo-DoBeforeClass)

Preparethematerialsfortheclass. Setupasampleworkingfordemonstration

LearningActivities

1.Reviewthevocabulary Then,promptlearnersto describeeachpicture

2.Directlearnerstocircletheobjectsthatshowa boat

3.Afterlearnersmaketheirchoices,invitelearners tosharetheirthinking Allowlearnerstochange theirresponsesafterlisteningtotheirclassmates.

4.Next,havelearnerschecktheplacesyouusea boat.

1.Discusshowaboattravelsonwaterbecauseitfloats,butacarcannotbecauseitsinks.

2.Promptlearnerstopredictwhichclassroomitemswillsinkorfloat,thentesteachitemand discussideasaboutwhysomeitemsfloatandothersdonot Itisokayforlearnerstobein theearlystagesofunderstandingtheconceptthatfloatingoccurswhenanequalorlarger massofwaterisdisplacedcomparedtothemassoftheobjectratherthanfullydevelopan explanation

3.Discussideasforhowtheymightdesigntheirboatstohelpthemfloat.

4.Provideaccesstothekitsandclearoffbuildingareas,whichmaybeonthetabletopsor thefloor.Itisrecommendedthatlearnershavetheopportunitytoworkindependentlyandin pairsasmaterialsareavailable

1.Oncelearnershavecreatedtheirboatshavethemtestwhetheritfloats.

2.Readthedirectionstoimprovetheirmodelsandhavelearnersupdatetheirdesigns

3.Discusswithlearnershowboatcaptainscangetweatherinformationtodecidewhether itissafetotransportpeopleacrossthewaterandwhattypesofsevereweathermightbe morecommoninplaceswithboattransportation.

4.Then,havelearnersdrawtheirnewlyupdatedboats

Drawyournewboatdesign.

1.Readthefirstquestionaloud.Then, havelearnersusethepeopleorblock thesizeofthepersontodeterminehow manypeoplecansitintheirboats.

2.Readthesecondquestionaloud.Ask whethereveryoneshouldusethesame blocktomeasuretheirboatsandwhich onewouldbethebesttouse.Then,have learnersmeasurethelengthoftheir boats

3.Readthethirdquestionaloud.Then, havelearnersmeasurethewidthoftheir boats.

4.Readthefourthquestionaloud Then, havelearnerscircletheirresponse

5.Invitelearnerstoself-reflect

Reviewanswers willvary dependingon students’boats.

Reviewanswers willvary dependingon students’boats.

AssessmentGuide

At SKOOL21, assessments are a tool for learning and growth not just grading. From Pre-K to Grade 12, we use assessments to guide students in building skills, confidence, and a love of STEM learning. We focus on feedback, reflection, and continuousimprovementtohelpeverystudentreachtheirfullpotential.

Pre-Assessment(optional)

Pre-assessmentcanbeformal(ashortquiz)orinformal(adiscussionoractivity)–SKOOL21 treatsitasoptionalsoteachersuseitwhenitaddsvalue Donethoughtfully,pre-assessment honorsDewey’sideathatconnectingtostudents’priorexperienceboostslearning

Byassessinghowstudentsapplymathskillsinscienceactivities(andviceversa),teachers candeepenunderstandingofbothsubjects.Thisunderscoresthereal-worldrelevanceof STEMlearningandreinforcescriticalthinking.

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