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Guidebook - Level A

Page 1


TeacherGuide-EarlyMechanicsLevelA

Copyright©2026

Editors:LindseyOwnandKaylynLee

ISBN:978-981-17736-3-1

Publishedby:

SKOOL21PTE.LTD.

71RobinsonRoad,#14-01,068895,Singapore

FirstEditionpublishedbySKOOL21PTELTD-Singapore,2024

SecondEditionpublishedbySKOOL21LLC-UnitedStates,2026

No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permittedbycopyrightlaw.

Forpermissionsorinquiries,pleasecontact:

Email:info@skool21org

Website:https://skool21.org

Address:600CaliforniaSt,#13-021,SanFrancisco,CA94108,UnitedStates

Preface

WelcometotheFutureofTeachingandLearning!

Thankyouforjoiningusonthisexcitingjourney!TheSKOOL21STEMInnovatorsseriesis designednotonlytoignitecuriosityinstudentsbutalsotoempowerteacherstolead meaningful, hands-on STEM learning experiences. Through this series, you will guide young innovators as they explore, design, and solve real-world challenges using science,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM).

BuildingonaStrongFoundation

EachleveloftheSKOOL21STEMseriesbuildsuponthepreviousone,creatingastrong continuum of learning — from simple machines to advanced 3D modeling. Students travel through key technological eras, from the Industrial Revolution to the innovations shaping our future. No matter their starting point, every learner will discovernewskillsanddeeperunderstandingalongtheway.

LearningbyDoing

At SKOOL21, we believe students learn best by doing. Each book comes with a comprehensive STEM kit, enabling students to build, test, and explore concepts through hands-on challenges. As a teacher, you will facilitate engaging projects where students actively create, problem-solve, and apply critical thinking skills — all whilehavingfun.

MakingaReal-WorldImpact

Every project is designed to connect learning to real-world issues, inspired by the SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs).Throughthesechallenges,studentsseehow their ideas can contribute to solving problems like clean water access, renewable energy, and environmental conservation empowering them to envision a better world.

TeachingLikeaPro

The SKOOL21 STEM program aligns with international standards and best practices, ensuring that both teachers and students are developing the collaboration, innovation, and design thinking skills valued in today’s world. You’re not just supporting schoolwork — you’re preparing the next generation of thinkers, leaders, andchangemakers.

IntroductiontotheKit

TheEngineeringDesignProcess

The Engineering Design Process (EDP) is a systematic approach used by engineers and designers to solve problems and create innovative solutions. It provides a structured framework for developing new products, processes, or systems by following a series of well-defined steps. This process is not only applicable in engineering but is also widely used in various STEM disciplines to tacklechallengesanddevelopcreativesolutions. Forstudentsinfirstgradeandabove,the typicalEngineeringDesignProcessfollows multipleiterativesteps,including identifyingaproblem,researching, brainstorming,designing,prototyping, testing,andrefiningsolutions.However,for PreschoolandKindergartenlearners,this processhasbeenadaptedtothree essentialsteps:Plan,Do,andReview.This simplifiedversionensuresthatyoung learnerscanengagewithSTEMconcepts inadevelopmentallyappropriatemanner

Thetablebelowillustrateshowthethree-stepPre-KandKindergartenEDPaligns withthemorecomplexengineeringdesignprocessusedinhighergrades:

This structured approach encourages creativity, critical thinking, and iteration, formingastrongfoundationforfutureSTEMlearning.

STEMClassroomManagement

STEMclassesarehands-on,highlyengaging,andoftennoisy—that’sagood thing!Butwithoutclearroutinesandstructures,theycanquicklybecome chaotic.Awell-managedmakerspaceallowsstudentstoexploreandinnovate safely,responsibly,andcollaboratively.

STEMClassSessionRoutine

Setaclearandconsistentstructuretoeachsessionsostudentsknowwhatto expectandstayfocused:

EffectiveTeamwork

AnimportantaspectofthesocialskillsdevelopedthroughSTEMlearningis effectiveteamwork.Teacherscansupportstudentsindevelopingtheseskills throughpurposefulstructuringofstudentteamssothattheycanpractice effectiveteamwork.

Havinganassignedrolewithinateamgiveseach studentspecificresponsibilities,sothatthereisno questionofwhoshoulddowhat Assigningrolesensures thatnostudenttakestoomuchcontrolofthegroup,and nostudentremovesthemselffromthegroup’sefforts.

Lessonsareintendedtobecompletedingroupsof3or4students,andeach lessonhasaplacetorecordwhowillperformeachroleforthatlesson.Whether youassigngroupsandrolesorallowstudentstoself-select,ensurethatstudents rotaterolesregularly!

Therolesinlevels1-3arebasicallythesame,butwithslightlysimplerwording foryoungerstudents.

Leader

Testing

Ensuresallteammembersareabletosharetheirideasandtake turnsbuilding(notthe“decisionmaker”)

Collectskitsandmaterials,keepstrackofmaterialsduringconstruction, responsiblefordisassemblingandreturningmaterialsneatly

Bringsanyquestionstotheteacher,coordinatesproject presentations

Comparesprototypestodesigncriteria,looksformissingcriteriaor forstructuralweaknessesthatcanbeimproved

Notethatnoonerolehasthefullresponsibilityofbuildingprototypes-all studentsinthegroupshouldbeinvolvedinbuilding!

Ifyourstudentsareworkingingroupsof3,youmightcombinetheProject Communicator/ReporterandProjectTester/TestingSupervisorroles.

Ifyourstudentsareworkingingroupsof5ormore,youmightconsiderthe followingadditionalroles:

Documentarian-takesphotosormakessketchesofeachprototypealong thewaytobeabletosharethefullstoryofhowthegroupdevelopedtheir solutionidea

Timekeeper-paysattentiontohowmuchtimeisavailableforeachstepof theproject,andencouragestheteamtokeepeachstepwithinitsallotted time

LevelsAandBdonothavedesignatedroleswithinthestudentworkbooks.Ensure thatyourstudentsaresharingmaterialsandcommunicatingwitheachother!

StandardsAlignment

CambridgeMathematics

LearningObjective

DevelopMathematicalLanguage

Project#

ProjectName

SchemeofWork

Project5:MakeaPattern

Project6:MakeaShelter

Project9:MakeaMachine

Project10:MakeaModel

Project11:MakeaWreckingBall

Project14:MakeaVehicle

Project15:MakeaPlayground

CapstoneProject:MakeaPark

LessonPlans andAnswerkey

LearningObjectives

Project1:MakeitSpin

LessonPlan

Duration: 30-45minutes

Attheendofthelesson,thelearnerswill: Recognisenumbersfrom1to10. Recordnumbers

Useeverydaylanguageofdirectionanddistancetodescribemovementsofobjects.

Materials

Vocabulary

Tomoveinacirclearoundapointoraxis

Preparation(TeacherTo-DoBeforeClass)

Preparethematerialsfortheclass. Setupasampleworkingfordemonstration

LearningActivities

1.Promptlearnerstodescribeeachpicture.

2.Then,directlearnerstocircletheobjectsthatspin

3.Afterlearnersmaketheirchoices,invitethemto sharetheirthinkingandproposeadefinitionfor“spin” Afterlisteningtotheirclassmates,allowlearnersto changetheirresponses.

4.Next,havelearnerscirclethedescriptionthat matchesthemovementofaspinningobject.

5.Then,havelearnersdrawanotherspinningobjectfromtheirdailylives.Examplesmay includeamerry-go-round,abicycletire,oraglobe Encouragelearnerstousearrowsto showthemovementoftheobject.

Drawapictureofanobjectspinning.

1.Promptlearnerstoidentifyhowtheyimaginethesampleobjectsmightspin Theymayuse thesamplestofamiliarizethemselveswiththematerials,buttheyshouldworktowards buildingtheirowndesign.

2.Provideaccesstothekitsandcleared-offbuildingareas,whichmaybetabletopsorthe floor.learnersshouldhavetheopportunitytoworkindependentlyorinpairs,asmaterials areavailable

3.Oncelearnershavecreatedtheirfirstspinningobject,havethemdrawit.Engineersoften makesketchesoftheirprototypesorworkingdesignstorecordtheevolutionoftheirideas throughoutthedesignprocess.

Drawtheobjectyoubuilt.

1.Invitelearnerstotakeaparttheirfirstdesignandbuildasecondspinningobject.They maywanttokeepbothdesigns,butthismaylimitotherlearnersaccesstothesameunique pieces learnersshoulddrawtheirnewobjectsandcancompareanddiscussthechanges theymadeandwhywithapartnerorasaclassdiscussion.

Buildanotherobjectthatspins.

1.Readthefirstquestionaloud Then,have learnerspointtoandsaythenameofeach number Asklearnerstosharewhytheythinkthe word“more”islistedafterthenumber Have learnerscountthepiecesontheirseconddesign andcircletheiranswer.

2.Readthesecondquestionaloud prompt learnerstoanalyzetheircurrentdesignand evaluatehowmanyofitspiecesspin Then,using thenumbersinthefirstquestionasaguide,have learnerswritethenumeralfortheiranswer.

Reviewanswerswillvarydepending onstudents’spinningobjects.

LearningObjectives

Project2:MakeitRoll

LessonPlan

Duration: 30-45minutes

Attheendofthelesson,thelearnerswill: Recognisenumbersfrom1to10. Recordnumbers

Nameandsort2Dshapescommonlyfoundatschoolorhome. Useeverydaylanguageofdirectionanddistancetodescribemovementsofobjectsor self

Materials

Vocabulary

Preparation(TeacherTo-DoBeforeClass)

Preparethematerialsfortheclass Setupasampleworkingfordemonstration.

LearningActivities

1.Promptlearnerstodescribeeachpicture

2.Then,directlearnerstocircletheobjectsthatroll.

3.Afterlearnersmaketheirchoices,invitethemtosharetheir thinkingandproposeadefinitionfor“roll.”.Afterlisteningtotheir classmates,allowlearnerstochangetheirresponses

4.Next,havelearnerscirclethedescriptionthatmatchesthe movementofarollingobject

5.Then,havelearnersdrawanotherrollingobjectfromtheirdailylives.Examplesmay includeachildrollingdownahill,aballrollingdownastreet,orastroller Encourage learnerstousearrowstoshowthemovementoftheobject.

Drawapictureofarollingobject.

1.Promptlearnerstoidentifyhowtheyimaginethesampleobjectsmightroll.Theymayuse thesamplestofamiliarizethemselveswiththematerials,buttheyshouldworktowards buildingtheirowndesign

2.Provideaccesstothekitsandcleared-offbuildingareas,whichmaybetabletopsorthe floor Learnerscanworkindependentlyorinpairs,asmaterialsareavailable

3.Oncelearnershavecreatedtheirfirstrollingobject,havethemdrawit.Engineersoften makesketchesoftheirprototypesorworkingdesignstorecordtheevolutionoftheirideas throughoutthedesignprocess.

Drawtheobjectyoubuilt.

1.Invitelearnerstotakeaparttheirfirstdesignandbuildasecondrollingobject.Theymay wanttokeepbothdesigns,butthismaylimitotherlearners'accesstothesameunique pieces learnersshoulddrawtheirnewobjectsandcancompareanddiscussthechanges theymadeandwhywithapartnerorasaclassdiscussion.

Buildanotherobjectthatspins.

1.Readthefirstquestionaloud Then,havelearnerspointtoand saythenameofeachnumber.Asklearnerstosharewhythey thinktheword“more”islistedafterthenumber.Havelearners countthepiecesontheirseconddesignandcircletheiranswers

2.Readthesecondquestionaloud.Promptlearnerstoanalyze theircurrentdesignandcirclewhichshapesmadeitpossiblefor theirobjecttoroll

3.Readthethirdquestionaloud.Helplearnersinterpret thefirsttwoarrowsasmovingtowardstheleftorright andthesecondtwoarrowsasmovingupordown Most objectswillrollleftorrightdependingonhowtheypush theobject,butifitfallsoffatableordownaramp,it mightalsomovedown!

4.Asanoptionalextension,youcouldhelplearners constructrampstotestandcomparetheirrolling objects

Studentsmayidentifythemarbleas somethingthatrolls,ortheymay decidetonotmarkitasthemarble runitselfdoesnotroll.

Reviewanswerswill varydependingon students’rolling objects.

AssessmentGuide

At SKOOL21, assessments are a tool for learning and growth not just grading. From Pre-K to Grade 12, we use assessments to guide students in building skills, confidence, and a love of STEM learning. We focus on feedback, reflection, and continuousimprovementtohelpeverystudentreachtheirfullpotential.

Pre-Assessment(optional)

Pre-assessmentcanbeformal(ashortquiz)orinformal(adiscussionoractivity)–SKOOL21 treatsitasoptionalsoteachersuseitwhenitaddsvalue Donethoughtfully,pre-assessment honorsDewey’sideathatconnectingtostudents’priorexperienceboostslearning

Byassessinghowstudentsapplymathskillsinscienceactivities(andviceversa),teachers candeepenunderstandingofbothsubjects.Thisunderscoresthereal-worldrelevanceof STEMlearningandreinforcescriticalthinking.

Self-AssessmentRubrics

Self-assessmenthelpslearnersidentifytheirstrengthsandareastoimprove,reinforcing metacognition.Teachersplayaguidingroleinthisprocess,helpingstudentslearnhowto honestlyandconstructivelyjudgetheirwork

Post-Assessment:CapstoneProject

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