News
19 | Legislation to protect and strengthen biosecurity
Business
12 | Global eggs to purchase Hillandale for $1.1 B
Features
20 | Darkling beetle control
21 | Pilgrim’s donates $5 M to Trump campaign
22 | California HPAI egg and dairy economics
Calendar of Events for May
MAY 13 — GPF ANNUAL
MEETING, Georgia Poultry Laboratory, Gainesville, Ga. Contact: Georgia Poultry Federation, P.O. Box 763, Gainesville, Ga. 30503.
Ph: 770-532-0473; laurabeth@gapf.org; https://gapf.org.
MAY 13-14 — POULTRY
PROCESSOR WORKSHOP, Embassy Suites Downtown Nashville, Nashville, Tenn. Contact: USPOULTRY, 1530 Cooledge Road, Tucker, Ga. 30084; Ph: 770-493-9401; seminar@uspoultry.org; www.uspoultry.org.
MAY 19-22 — NATIONAL EGG QUALITY SCHOOL, The 31st annual National Egg Quality School. The Embassy Suites by Hilton Greenville
Resort & Conference Center, Greenville, S.C. Contact: National Egg Quality School; https://neqs.org; Ph: 479-464-0544; Email: dsparks@ccfbrands.com.
MAY 20 — TPA SCHOLARSHIP
GOLF TOURNAMENT, Hermitage Golf Course, Old Hickory, Tenn. Contact: Tennessee Poultry Association, P.O. Box 1525, Shelbyville, Tenn. 37162; Ph: 931-2251123; Email: info@tnpoultry.org; www. tnpoultry.org.
MAY 21 — TPA SCHOLARSHIP
SPORTING CLAYS, Cross Creek Clays, Palmyra, Tenn. Contact: Tennessee Poultry Association, P.O. Box 1525, Shelbyville, Tenn. 37162; Ph: 931-225-1123; Email: info@tnpoultry.org; www.tnpoultry. org.
On the cover
BIOSECURITY & PEST MANAGEMENT
7 | APHIS HPAI response guidelines
8 | Egg imports and prices update
Viewpoints
“Today, When applied properly, biosecurity practices tailored specifically for individual poultry operations have been shown to prevent and control the spread of transmissible poultry diseases, not only avian influenza.” — Dr. Denise Heard | 10
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Index of Advertisers
Be sure to pay a visit to these esteemed sponsors of the Poultry Times, recognizing them as vital contributors to the industry who greatly appreciate your support.
Bird Control Group l 27 844-406-9280; https://birdcontrolgroup.com
Creekview Mfg. l 26 717-445-4922; https://creekviewmanufacturing.com
Eagan Mfg. l 21 870-878-6805; www.eaganmfg.com
Impact Poultry Products l 19 800-448-4723; https://impactpoultryproducts.com
Kuhl Corp. l 28 908-782-5696; www.kuhlcorp.com
Kunafin (The Insectary) l 28 800-832-1113; www.kunafin.com
L.B.White l 11 608-783-5691; www.lbwhite.com
LiphaTech l 2 888-331-7900; https://liphatech.com
MGK l 29 www.mgk.com/darlex
Motomco l 3 800-237-6843; www.motomco.com
Neogen l 32 800-234-5333; www.neogen.com
Overdrive Lighting l 23 800-657-0509; www.aglights.com
Precision Lighting l 1, 4, 17, 31 800-737-1837; www.poultrylighting.com
Walinga USA l 15 800-466-1197; www.walinga.com
WeighTech l 19, 25 800-457-3720; www.weightechinc.com
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APHIS prepares final EIS guide for HPAI outbreak response
EMILY PARCELL POULTRY TIMES CONTENT WRITER EMILYPARCELL@POULTRYTIMES.COM
WASHINGTON — The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection service has released its final programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for outbreak response to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in poultry.
“Keeping our nation’s poultry operations free from HPAI helps protect the poultry industry, farmers’ livelihoods, the availability of poultry and poultry products for U.S. consumers, international trade, the health of wild birds, and the health people who are in close, regular contact with poultry,” said the notice in the Federal Register.
The final programmatic EIS expresses the need and purpose for action through three different actions: No Federal Operational Assistance Alternative, Federal Operational Assistance (No Action) Alternative, and Federal Operational Assistance with Biosecurity Incentive Alternative (Preferred Alternative).
• No Federal Operational Assistance Alternative:
“State and local authorities, Tribes, and poultry owners and producers would be responsible for depopulating HPAI-infected flocks, disposing of carcasses and other potentially HPAI-contaminated materials, and managing any necessary transportation, cleanup and disinfection,” the notice said. “USDA APHIS Veterinary Services (VS) would not be involved in managing, overseeing, and/ or actively implementing any of these operational activities.”
• Federal Operational Assistance Alternative:
Would include all the same support as the No Federal Operational Assistance Alternative, and “upon request from State, local, or Tribal authorities, USDA APHIS VS would provide operational assistance through managing, overseeing, and/or actively participating in depopulation, carcass disposal, and transportation,” the notice said.
• Federal Operational Assistance with Biosecurity Incentive Alternative:
Would include all the same support as the Federal Operational Assistance Alternative, in addition “USDA APHIS VS would condition a poultry producer’s eligibility for indemnity and/or compensation on that producer’s ability to demonstrate compliance with their ex-
“Keeping our nation’s poultry operations free from HPAI helps protect the poultry industry, farmers’ livelihoods, the availability of poultry and poultry products for U.S. consumers, international trade, the health of wild birds, and the health people who are in close, regular contact with poultry.”
isting site-specific written biosecurity plan,” stated the notice. “…would require producers to pass one type of biosecurity audit for premises that were previously HPAI-infected that intend to restock and wish to be eligible
to receive subsequent payments of indemnity for the restocked poultry during an outbreak.”
“With Federal, State, and local authorities, Tribes, and poultry owners and producers all working together, it is more likely that the disease will be eradicated as rapidly as possible,” the notice added. “A rigorous Federal response should incentivize the rapid reporting of HPAI incidents because it achieves disease eradication while providing relief to the poultry owners and producers.”
After a 30-day review period, to May 19, the agency will issue a Record of Decision.
Egg imports, egg prices, and bird flu updates
DAVID B. STRICKLAND POULTRY TIMES EDITOR DSTRICKLAND@POULTRYTIMES.COM
WASHINGTON — As could be anticipated, the egg market projections from the USDA’s Economic Research Service show that table egg production forecasts are down stemming from flock losses due to the ongoing highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak and its effects.
Egg imports for 2025 will be up and exports decreased, and projected prices for the year have been adjusted lower based on recent trends, ERS notes in its most recent “Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Outlook” report.
Total U.S. egg production for February equaled 555.8 million dozen, which is 10.1 percent lower than for the same month in 2024, USDA said.
To increase availability, the U.S. has imported significantly more eggs than in previous years.
“Egg and egg product imports totaled 12.6 million shell-egg equivalent dozen in February, up over 300 percent from February 2024,” the report says. “Egg products made up the largest share of February shipments. Egg product imports totaled 7.6 million shell-egg equivalent dozen, up 4.8 million dozen year-over-year, with 2.3 million dozen sourced from Turkey, 2.1 million dozen sourced from Mexico, and the remainder sourced from China, Thailand, and Taiwan.”
ERS notes that it expects increased egg imports to continue for this year.
“The annual total egg and egg product import projection was adjusted up to 75 million shellegg equivalent dozen,” the report said. “This would be more than double the 2024 total, but it would still account for a very small percentage of total supply; in 2024, imported eggs represented 0.3 percent of total supply. For 2025, imports are projected to be 0.8 percent of total supply.”
This being the case, the U.S. is still also exporting shell eggs, albeit less than in previous years.
“Egg and egg product exports totaled 17.8 million shell egg equivalent dozen in February, down 7.5 million dozen equivalent year over year,” ERS notes. “The top destinations for eggs and egg products from the United States were Canada, Mexico, and Japan, all of which imported less in February 2025 than in February 2024.
“Shipments to Canada totaled 9.5 million dozen equivalents, including 7.8 million dozen shell eggs. Shipments to Mexico totaled 2.7 million dozen equivalents, including 2.2 million dozen shell eggs. Reflecting recent trade data, projected egg and egg product exports for 2025 were adjusted up slightly to 188 million dozen equiva-
lent. This would be a year-over-year decreased of 19.8 percent.”
Production and HPAI
ERS reports that the egg inventory for the first of March was 285.1 million hens, this is a 9 percent decrease from the same time in 2024 and is the lowest since September 2015.
“From October 2024 through March 2025, the latest wave of (HPAI) resulted in the loss of 50.7 million laying hens,” the report said. “The most recent case to impact commercial table egg layers were confirmed on March 4 in Indiana.While there have been additional cases confirmed in March impacting 1.8 million table egg pullets, with no new losses in the productive table egg laying flock, there is an opportunity for the flock to begin growing again. The replacement pullet inventory on the first of March was 130.7 million birds, up 5.5 percent year-over-year.”
Production for 2025 has been adjusted down by ERS to reflect this low inventory. For the first quarter the estimated was decreased 5 million dozen to (1.795 billion) dozen. The department adds that for the second and third quarters of 2025, egg production has been decreased 25 million dozen to, respectively, 1.825 billion) dozen and (1.900 billion) dozen. With the fourth quarter of 2025 unchanged at the moment at (2.000 billion) dozen.
“In total, the new 2025 table egg production projection is adjusted down to (7.520 billion) dozen,” ERS said. “In March, the number of layers lost to HPAI fell dramatically, and elevated consumer prices began to dampen demand pressure.”
Prices
The report adds that for daily New York wholesale egg prices reported fell from $8.48 per dozen at the beginning of March to $3.86 per dozen at the end of the month, which is an average decrease of 22 cents a day for the month. The average price for March was $5.33 per dozen.
As for wholesale prices, “wholesale egg prices tend to be more variable than retail egg prices, fluctuating in response to seasonal demand and supply chain disruptions,” ERS said. “Retail egg prices are influenced by wholesale egg prices, but factors such as pricing strategies and contracts tend to mute the impact of short-term market fluctuations. While creating more stable prices for consumers, these relationships result in retail price movements that lag behind changes in wholesale prices, both positive and negative.”
“When wholesale prices spike, retailers occasionally and temporarily sell eggs at a loss,” the department added. “As wholesale prices retreat, retail prices are slower to decline and often remain elevated for a longer period.While the U.S. average retail price was lower than the wholesale prices from November through February the retail price has yet to follow wholesale prices lower.”
The national average retail price was $6.23 a dozen for March, ERS said citing the Bureau of Labor Statistics; this was up from February’s $5.90 a dozen. “Although the price increased at a slower rate than it had in previous months,” ERS added.
Mexican officials report country’s first human bird flu death
DAVID B. STRICKLAND POULTRY TIMES EDITOR DSTRICKLAND@POULTRYTIMES.COM
GAINESVILLE, Ga. — Mexican officials have confirmed the country’s first human death from H5N1 avian influenza is a 3-year-old girl, who was also the first confirmed human case in Mexico.
The young girl, a resident of the state of Durango, passed away on April 8 at a hospital in Torreón where she was initially being treated with oseltamivir, the Mexican Ministry of Health reports. After initial positive test results, it was noted she died approximately a week later from respiratory complications.
It’s not known how the child contracted the virus and Mexican officials note that, following protocol, the World Health Organization was notified. Biological sampling for H5N1 was carried out in the area
around the girl’s home in wild birds, as well as people who had been in contact with the girl. Officials report that no further cases have been confirmed.
For commercial poultry in Mexico, the country’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, through the National Service of Health, Safety and Agrifood Quality (Senasica), in a statement said, “that so far no commercial production units affected by avian influenza A (H5N1) have been reported in any area of the country; however, Senasica continues with active epidemiological surveillance actions, in order to timely identify any case that may arise, and if so, the corresponding national and international protocols will be implemented.”
In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that as of April 16 there have been 70 human cases of H5N1, with 1 death. The CDC adds that the public health risk remains low, and that at the present time there is
no known person-to-person spread of the virus.
Of the 70 U.S. human cases, CDC notes that 41 have been at dairy cattle farms, 24 at poultry farms and culling operations, 2 from other animal exposure (including backyard flocks, wild birds, and other mammals), and 3 with source exposure unknown.
Through animal surveillance beginning in 2022, CDC says that, as of April 15, 2025, H5N1 has been detected in 168,621,877 poultry in 681 counties across the U.S., with 1,687 reported outbreaks. It has also been detected in 12,842 wild birds in 1,233 counties. For dairy cattle, it has been detected in 1,020 herds in 17 states.
As of April 16, for the previous 30 days, USDA’s Food Safety & Inspection Service reports that there have been 36 confirmed cases consisting of 8 commercial poultry flocks, 28 backyard flocks, with 2.16 million birds affected.
VIEWPOINT
Review: HPAI outbreaks and associated federal biosecurity policies
BY DR. DENISE HEARD U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
TUCKER, Ga. — Avian influenza, or “bird flu,” is a contagious viral disease of domestic and wild birds that poses a significant threat to the poultry industry, animal health, trade and the worldwide economy.
Biosecurity is a key concept to successfully implement to prevent viruses from infecting and spreading in poultry.
An increased awareness of the importance of always having a comprehensive and practical biosecurity program in place on all commercial poultry and egg operations reached a record high following the devastating outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) during 20142015 along the Pacific, Central and Mississippi flyways in the United States.
Although the virus was introduced into the commercial poultry industry by wild birds, lapses in biosecurity led to the destruction and depopulation of approximately 50 million birds. As a result, estimated economic losses surpassed $1.5 billion in the poultry and egg sectors. Following this outbreak, biosecurity principles were developed for inclusion in the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) Program Standards, USDA Animal Plant and Health Inspection Services (APHIS).
The biosecurity principles were intended to be the basic management practices needed to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious diseases. The biosecurity principles program includes documentation audits for training, implementation of a line of separation and perimeter buffer area, personnel training, pest control, equipment and vehicle cleaning and disinfection, mortality disposal, manure and litter management, replacement poultry protocols, appropriate water supply, feed and replacement litter procedures and bird health reporting.
The program impacts indemnity, which specifically refers to payments represent-
ing the fair market value of depopulated birds and destroyed eggs. To qualify for indemnity, producers must have a biosecurity plan in place addressing all components of the biosecurity principles.
HPAI was reported again in February 2022 and this outbreak continues, making it the largest avian influenza outbreak in U.S. history. The outbreak involves many wild bird species and virus reassortments, with spillovers into poultry.
To date, the USDA has recorded H5N1 HPAI virus detections in more than 200 mammals in the United States. Avian influenza, while primarily a disease of birds, has the potential to infect a range of wild and domestic mammals such as foxes, mink, bears, elephants, seals, as well as dogs, cats and recently goats, dairy cattle and pigs. During this continued outbreak, USDA-APHIS published an HPAI interim final rule, which updated the conditions for poultry facilities to receive indemnity and compensation after testing positive for HPAI, thereby establishing the Biosecurity Compliance Audit Program (BCAP) for large commercial poultry premises.
The HPAI interim rule became effective on Dec. 31, 2024, upon publication. The BCAP members will use a biosecurity audit tool APHIS developed with State and industry input. This new biosecurity audit tool includes an evaluation of the premises’ poultry biosecurity plan against the 14 biosecurity principles articulated in the
Dr. Denise Heard is vice president of research with the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association based in Tucker, Ga. She can be reached by e-mail at dheard@uspoultry.org.
When applied properly, biosecurity practices tailored specifically for individual poultry operations have been shown to prevent and control the spread of transmissible poultry diseases, not only avian influenza.
NPIP Program Standards and includes an evaluation of the poultry biosecurity plan itself and documentation showing that the plan is being implemented.
However, the tool also includes visual verification of perimeter buffer areas; line of separation procedures for personnel, visitors, equipment and vehicles; and on-premises rodent and wildlife mitigations. Use of the tool will ensure consistency in reviewing premises and identifying deficiencies in biosecurity. The tool may be revised as audits are conducted and additional data is gathered, as updated epidemiological information becomes available, or as other advancements in technology and production practices occur.
The HPAI interim rule consists of the following: (1) requiring commercial poultry premises to successfully pass a biosecurity audit before restocking if they were previously HPAI-infected and wish to be eligible for indemnity for the restocked poultry; (2) requiring a biosecurity audit for commercial poultry premises in the buffer zone before movement of poultry
onto the premises, if the premises wishes to be eligible for indemnity for the poultry moved onto the premises; and, (3) revising the regulations to preclude indemnity payments for poultry moved onto premises in infected zones if the poultry become infected with HPAI within 14 days following the dissolution of the control area in which the infected zone is located.
The HPAI interim rule specified that the action was necessary on an immediate basis to ensure that commercial poultry producers who receive indemnity payments for HPAI are taking measures to preclude the introduction and spread of HPAI and avoid actions that contribute to its spread.
Having a solid biosecurity program in place is vital.
When applied properly, biosecurity practices tailored specifically for individual poultry operations have been shown to prevent and control the spread of transmissible poultry diseases, not only avian influenza. It is of utmost importance that all individuals delivering to, servicing or working on a poultry operation fully understand and be able to follow biosecurity plans without error.
Thus, having a firm understanding of the critical principles involved in developing, implementing and monitoring an applicable biosecurity program is crucial for the U.S. poultry industry.
An increased awareness of the importance of always having a comprehensive and practical biosecurity program in place on all commercial poultry and egg operations reached a record high following the devastating outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)...
Global Eggs to purchase Hillandale Farms for $1.1 billion
DAVID B. STRICKLAND POULTRY TIMES EDITOR DSTRICKLAND@POULTRYTIMES.COM
GETTYSBURG, Pa. — In a recent announcement Global Eggs, which has major egg companies in Brazil and Spain, has entered into an acquisition agreement in the United States with Hillandale Farms valued at $1.1 billion. The agreement is subject to regulatory review by U.S. authorities.
Global Eggs (Luxembourg Holding Co.) is controlled by Ricardo Faria. In Brazil, Global Egg’s Granja Faria company houses 4.5 million breeding birds and produces, on average, 5.2 billion eggs annually, and holds a 40 percent market share in the export of Brazilian fertile eggs, the company notes, adding that its Hevo Group company is the second largest egg producer in Spain, producing approximately 3 million eggs a day.
Hillandale Farms, based in Pennsylvania, is the number four egg producer in the United States, raises more than 20 million layer chickens, and engages in every area of egg production and distribution from the Midwest to the East Coast. Hillandale Farms has reported more than $800 million in annual revenue.
Global Eggs notes that this acquisition would double its production and bring its annual revenue to $2 billion.
This purchase of Hillandale, “is not driven by recent market trends, but rather aligns with our international expansion strategy,” Ricardo Faria said in a statement. “Global Eggs’ international expansion began in November 2024 with the acquisition of Hevo Group, the second largest egg producer in Spain.”
Global Eggs added in the purchase announcement that, “with this acquisition agreement, Global Eggs will strengthen its presence in the world egg industry and will reaffirm its commitment to innovation, sustainability, and delivering value to customers and partners worldwide.”
BUSINESS
AFIA recognizes longstanding members for industry contributions
Moore Feed; ToxStrategies; Validus Verification Services; Vetagro Inc.; and West Virginia University.
Companies or associations interested in learning more about AFIA’s membership opportunities, visit www.afia.org/join.
ARLINGTON,Va. — The American Feed Industry Association extends its appreciation to several members for their continued support in advancing the U.S. animal food industry. Through active engagement and years of commitment,AFIA’s members play an important role in shaping the association’s priorities in key policy areas and in building a resilient, forward-looking industry through shared knowledge and collaboration.
The AFIA membership includes over 650 domestic and international companies and state, regional and national associations. Member companies are feed and pet food manufacturers, integrators, pharmaceutical companies, ingredient suppliers, equipment manufacturers and companies that supply other products or provide support services to the U.S. animal food industry.AFIA’s members manufacture more than 75 percent of the commercial feed in the U.S.
“Our longstanding members bring valuable perspective to the table,” Meghan Dicks, AFIA’s director of membership and engagement, said.“Their commitment over the years has helped ensure the association remains responsive to the needs of the animal food industry.”
The AFIA thanks LaCrosse Milling Company and TFP Nutrition for 75 years of membership and Cactus Feeders and Star Milling Company for 50 years of membership.
The AFIA recognizes Cal Poly and WLT Distributors Inc. for 25 years of membership.
The AFIA also also acknowledges the following members for 10 years of membership: A/B Technologies International Inc.; Alabama Farmers Cooperative Feed Inc.; Animal Nutrition Association of Canada; Ardent Mills; Birdsong Peanuts; Blue Buffalo Company Ltd.; Cal-Maine Foods Inc.; Co-operative Feed Dealers. Inc.; Creighton Brothers LLC; DFA Farm Supplies; Eichelberger Milling Inc.; EuroChem North America; Express Scale Parts & Manufacturing; Fairview Mills; George’s Inc.; Hall Roberts’ Son Inc.; Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, P.C.; Imogene Ingredients; International Feed Industry Federation; Mercer Milling Co.; North Central Companies; NSF; Palmer Feed & Supply Inc.; Probiotech International Inc.; Synergy Feeds; The European Feed Manufacturers’ Federation; Thomas
Amlan appoints Andrade as sales and tech. manager for Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean
CHICAGO — Amlan International announces the hiring of Marlon Garcia Andrade as sales and technical manager for Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. He will be responsible for providing technical and sales support to distributors and customers across the region, strengthening Amlan’s presence and expanding the adoption of its natural feed additive solutions.
al’s director of sales, Latin America, said. “He brings a dynamic perspective that will help us strengthen partnerships and expand our regional footprint. Marlon’s market insights will be instrumental in enhancing the value we provide to customers”
Based in Guatemala, Andrade will collaborate closely with Amlan’s partners to deliver expert guidance and strategic support, empowering customers to optimize production and drive business growth. His appointment reflects Amlan’s ongoing commitment to providing science-backed, natural solutions, the company noted.
Financial Management Seminar to highlight AI, talent growth, and tax tools
TUCKER, Ga. — The U.S. Poultry & Egg Association will hold its annual Financial Management Seminar on June 16-18 in Amelia Island, Fla.
With more than 10 years of industry experience, Andrade brings a wealth of field knowledge to his new role. His background includes expertise in poultry, swine, and dairy nutrition, feed formulation, and best management practices for breeder and broiler production, the company said, adding that throughout his career, he has successfully supported customers and expanded market reach across Latin America.
“Marlon’s deep technical expertise and strong industry relationships will be key as we continue to expand in the region,” Heath Wessels,Amlan International’s vice president of sales in the Americas, said. “His ability to provide both technical and commercial support will help producers enhance animal performance, improve efficiency, and drive profitability with our safe and effective feed additives.”
Andrade holds a master’s in business administration from Universidad Americana de Managua and a degree in agronomic engineering from Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, El Zamorano in Honduras. He has proven success in supporting producers with tailored nutrition strategies and performanceenhancing solutions, Amlan added.
“We are excited to welcome Marlon to our team,” Dr. Robin Jarquin, Amlan Internation-
This year’s program will cover diverse topics including leading through change, exports and economic updates, labor and immigration impacts, consumer trends and artificial intelligence as the future of finance.A panel discussion with industry professionals will focus on team member development, evolving finance talent and upskilling. In addition, experiencesharing sessions will be offered on live accounting system opportunities, budgeting and forecasting software, business intelligence automation and sales and use tax for poultry producers.
“Attending this seminar gives you the tools to unlock the potential of your poultry business,” Joey Long, chief financial officer with Case Foods, and program planning chair, said. “Gain insights into the latest trends and acquire financial knowledge to strengthen your company’s future and increase profitability.”
The agenda was developed by a program committee of industry professionals that include TJ Boyle, Frost PLLC; Kaitlin Carreno, Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP; Sloan Clinton, Mountaire Corp..; Stacey Crump, Pilgrim’s; Greg Finch, Claxton Poultry Farms; Long; Kolby McEntire, Fieldale Farms Corp.; Jarod Morrison, Farbest Foods Inc.; Mulham Shbeib, Mar-Jac Poultry; Abby Walden, Crider Foods; Aaron Weaver, Butterball LLC; and TJ Wolfe,Wayne-Sanderson Farms.
USPOULTRY is registered with the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy as a sponsor of continuing professional education on the National Registry of Con-
tinuing Professional Education (CPE) Sponsors. Up to 12 CPE credits may be awarded to seminar attendees. State boards of accountancy have final authority on the acceptance of individual courses for CPE credit.
There will be an anti-trust attorney on-site at the seminar to ensure the USPOULTRY Anti-Trust Compliance Policy.
To view the full agenda, register and reserve your hotel room, visit www.uspoultry.org.
KFC remains the chicken champ in AI showdown
TORONTO — KFC Canada’s Original Fried Chicken handily defeated its Artificial Intelligence-generated competition in a recent live taste test in Toronto, Canada A decisive and passionate 88 percent of live voters chose KFC’s Original Recipe as the crispier, juicier, and perfectly seasoned winner over AI’s entry, the company announced.
In a world where AI is revolutionizing almost everything, KFC wanted to prove that an AI-generated fried chicken recipe could never stand up to its legendary 11 herbs and spices Original Recipe, a secret blend that no algorithm can replicate, KFC added.
“The fried chicken category has never been more competitive, but we knew our taste would always outshine the best AI could cook up,” Jordan Sequeira, KFC Canada senior manager of brand & communications, said. “Our 85-year-old recipe isn’t just a legacy — it’s an unbeatable taste that always comes out on top, no matter how hot the competition gets.”
KFC asked Canadians going into the taste test whether KFC or AI would win the taste test, and KFC came out on top with two out of three predicting victory for KFC. In the live taste test in Toronto, more than 88 percent additionally cast their votes for KFC. For those who couldn’t join IRL, you’re invited to put the KFC vs. AI battle to the test at home. The full AI recipe is available at kfcvsai.com.
BUSINESS
Esco joins CMS Mechanical Solutions as financial controller
GAINESVILLE, Ga. — CMS Mechanical Solutions Inc. announces the appointment of Tevi Esco as its new financial controller.
In her role, Esco will manage CMS’s overall accounting and financial functions. She will also coordinate with the sales and manufacturing teams to seamlessly support the company’s ERP system and organizational goals.
“Tevi brings over a decade of expertise in financial management and operational oversight,” Heath Jarrett, CMS president, said. “Her experience in enhancing financial reporting efficiencies and developing innovative operational strategies will be invaluable as we continue to grow.”
With more than 14 years in the accounting and business sectors, Esco’s most recent position was as a department accountant in the public school system. She earned her BS degree in accounting from Georgia Gwinnett College in 2022.Away from work, Esco enjoys spending time with her family and friends, being outdoors, hiking, and traveling.
For more information on CMS, visit https:// cmssolutions.com.
Chicken N Pickle to open its third Dallas-Fort Worth location
DALLAS — Chicken N Pickle, an indoor/ outdoor “eatertainment” complex with a casual restaurant, pickleball courts, sports bar and variety of yard games, is opening a new location in Allen,Texas.
The brand’s newest metro-area facility will celebrate its grand opening on May 13 with giveaways, open-play pickleball and lots of family fun, the company announced, adding that this new Chicken N Pickle is the third in the Dallas-Fort Worth area and fifth in Texas for the first-to-market concept that blends the popular social sport of pickleball, a chef-driven restaurant and dedication to community.
The Allen,Texas, location encompasses nearly four acres of multi-level indoor/outdoor experiences and parking. With more than 55,000 square feet inside the fence, it features dining
areas on two levels, a sports bar, six indoor and two covered outdoor pickleball courts, beer gardens and cornhole, battleship, giant Jenga and other yard games. Chicken N Pickle Allen also offers “pickleball for ALL,” with sports wheelchairs and “all abilities” programming, the company added.
“At Chicken N Pickle, we pioneered the perfect blend of delicious food, craft cocktails, and the popular sport of pickleball,” Brad Clarke, Chicken N Pickle CEO, said. “We like to think of our concept as the ultimate backyard hangout – one you’ll never want to leave; it’s a space where everyone can connect and celebrate with great food, drinks and unforgettable moments together.”
Backed by investors such as NFL stars Patrick Mahomes and Travis Kelce, Chicken N Pickle is the fastest growing pickleball entertainment concept in the country, the company said, also noting that it has opened 12 locations since 2017, with four more locations in Indiana, Nebraska and Colorado scheduled for completion by early 2026. Besides Allen, Grapevine and Grand Prairie, Chicken N Pickle also can be found in San Antonio and Webster,Texas; North Kansas City and St. Charles, Mo.; Overland Park and Wichita, Kan.; Oklahoma City, Okla.; Glendale, Ariz.; and Henderson, Nev.
“We’re dedicated to being the top pickleball entertainment destination as we grow nationwide, while still maintaining a personal touch and strong local connections in every community,” Dave Johnson, founder of Chicken N Pickle, said. “With each of our locations welcoming over 650,000 visitors annually, we’re confident that Chicken N Pickle will quickly become a mustvisit destination in Allen for guests seeking food and fun in a welcoming atmosphere.”
Chicken N Pickle adds that it uses responsibly raised, antibiotic- and hormone-free chicken, in its menu that includes rotisserie dishes available in four different seasonings. For more information, visit https://chickennpickle.com.
Zaxbys opens first Las Vegas location as a part of its national growth
ATLANTA — Zaxbys is bringing its fanfavorite Chicken Fingerz and full menu lineup
out West with its first-ever Las Vegas, Nev., restaurant opening.
Located at 5290 Blue Diamond Rd., the new Zaxbys is owned and operated by Royce Chow and Jie Zhou of Zax Nevada LLC. It opened for dine-in and drive-thru service on April 14.
In celebration of the opening, on April 22 at 10 a.m. there will be a ribbon cutting ceremony with the Las Vegas Chamber of Commerce, featuring opening remarks from Zaxbys CEO Bernard Acoca, and Chief Development Officer Mike Mettler, as well as franchisee owner and operator, Royce Chow. Following the ceremony, guests are invited to come inside the new Las Vegas restaurant to not only enjoy the Zaxbys menu, but also spin the Zaxbys Prize Wheel for a chance to win Zaxbys merchandise and Coca-Cola prizes.
The first 150 guests in line at the new Las Vegas Zaxbys will receive an exclusive Deck of Deals — packed with free weekly offers for an entire year, including items like 5 Boneless Wings, Fried Cheddar Bites, a House Zalad, 5 Chicken Fingers, a Big Zax Snack Meal, and more.
“Zaxbys is thrilled to be working with Royce Chow and Zax Nevada LLC to open our firstever LasVegas location,” Mettler said.“LasVegas is just the beginning of Zaxbys expansion plans as we aim to open our 1,000th store in 2025. We are thrilled to continue to build relationships with new franchisee partners and bring Zaxbys to additional growing markets including Arizona, Philadelphia, New Jersey, Maryland, and more.”
Spanning 2,600 square feet, the new Zaxbys is equipped with 50 seats for dine-in guests, as well as a drive-thru for expedited service. The new location’s Modern Farmhouse design features prominent branding with Zaxbys signature colors, logo, and sauce medallions, as well as a cohesive brand story showcased through vibrant elements and sauce-inspired art, the
company noted.
“We are excited to bring the first Zaxbys location to Las Vegas!” Royce Chow said. “We strive to deliver delicious Southern comfort food, great hospitality experiences, and build an organization in the community that creates opportunities for people to live their highest potential.”
Zax Nevada LLC is working to open additional Zaxbys locations in Las Vegas this year. To help build this first location, they worked with local company AJB General Contractor, known for building commercial institutions in Las Vegas for 35 years. The new restaurant is expected to provide up to 50 new employment opportunities.
McDonald’s is offering a new chicken menu item, McCrispy Strips
CHICAGO — McDonald’s is offering its first new permanent menu item in four years, and it will be McCrispy Strips. The company says that customers on social media and beyond have been requesting more chicken items, and the company developed this latest item that is designed to be dippable. And on that note, McDonald’s is also offering a new dip, the Creamy Chili Dip.
These new chicken strips, made with 100 percent white meat and breaded with a black pepper flavor, will be available in all participating restaurants by May 5.
“Since stepping into my new role as a leader of the U.S. business this year, I’ve been excited for fans to get to experience our additional chicken offerings,” Alyssa Buetikofer, McDonald’s chief marketing and customer experience officer, said. “The demand for chicken strips has been remarkable to see across
the industry, so we knew we had to deliver something so craveable that it was worth the wait. We took our time, listened to our fans and created a product we knew they would crave. And the best part is we’re just getting started.”
The McCrispy Strips will be available in three- or four-counts and served with one or two of the new dip cups. The other McDonald’s signature sauces will also be available.
“When we introduce a new menu item like McCrispy Strips, we know we have a big promise to fulfill to meet our customer’s expectations,” Cesar Piña, McDonald’s senior vice president and chief supply chain officer, said.“From the farms we source from to how food is prepared in our restaurants, bringing new products to our fans requires collaboration across suppliers, franchisees, and company staff. We hold ourselves to the highest standard and aim to bring fans nothing less than greatness.”
Neogen announces third quarter 2025 results
LANSING, Mich. — Neogen Corp. has announced its results for the third quarter ended Feb. 28, 2025.
“During the third quarter, we continued to make good progress on the integration and saw a solid underlying performance in our Food Safety segment,” John Adent, Neogen’s president and CEO, said. “The quarter was impacted by lower sample collection revenue, but we made significant improvements in our sample collection production and reached prior throughput levels at the end of the quarter. Outside of the sample collection product line, core revenue in our Food Safety segment grew 7 percent, which we believe reflects a solid underlying business. The establishment of our own Petrifilm production continues to progress well, with the first of two production lines nearly completely installed, and we remain on track to begin initial test production in the fall.”
BUSINESS
“Over the course of the third quarter, we also saw the broad development of a level of uncertainty primarily related to global trade policies, which contributed to our results being below our expectations,” Adent added.“In the face of faltering consumer confidence, a lack of clarity with respect to global trade and concerns about the potential for recession, we saw both domestic and international distributors being less willing to commit to inventory. Food Safety is an end market that has historically been relatively insulated against periods of economic weakness and we expect that will continue to be the case as the environment continues to develop. However, we are taking decisive actions to influence those things that are within our control.We view this as a critical period in Neogen’s transformation and are entirely focused on improved execution. We remain optimistic about the future trajectory of the business and believe the changes we are making will allow us to not only manage through the current uncertainty, but also position us to deliver on the long-term growth opportunity in front of us.”
Revenues for the third quarter were $221 million, a decrease of 3.4 percent compared to $228.8 million in the prior year, the company announced. Core revenue, which excludes the impacts of foreign currency translation, as well as acquisitions completed and product lines discontinued in the last 12 months, increased by 0.2 percent.Acquisitions and discontinued product lines had a negative impact of 0.5 percent while foreign currency had a negative impact of 3.1 percent.
Revenues for the Food Safety segment were $152.7 million in the third quarter, a decrease of 3.2 percent compared to $157.8 million in the prior year, consisting of 1.5 percent core growth, a negative 0.3 percent impact from discontinued product lines and a negative foreign currency impact of 4.4 percent. The core growth was driven largely by a solid performance in the biosecurity and bacterial & general sanitation product categories, which benefited from strong growth in pathogen detection products. In the indicator testing, culture media & other product category, solid growth in food quality products and Petrifilm was partially offset by a decline in sample collection.
Revenues for the Animal Safety segment were $68.2 million in the third quarter, a decrease of 4 percent compared to $71.1 million in the prior year, consisting of a 2.6 percent core revenue decline, an unfavorable 0.4 percent foreign currency impact and a negative 1 percent impact from discontinued product lines, the company said, adding that,
growth was led by the animal care and other and biosecurity product categories, particularly in small-animal supplements, rodent control and cleaner & disinfectant products, and offset by a decline in the vet instruments product category.
Terminix announces its ‘Top Mosquito Infested Cities’ list
MEMPHIS, Tenn. — Terminix® announces its annual list of the Top 50 Most Mosquito-Infested Cities in the U.S. based on 2024 service data from more than 300 branches nationwide.
California and Texas lead the rankings, with Los Angeles taking the top spot, followed by Dallas (#2). New York City (#3),Atlanta (#4), and Houston (#5) rounding out the top five. Cities like Philadelphia,Washington, D.C., Orlando, and San Francisco also ranked high on the list, underscoring the widespread nature of mosquito problems from coast to coast.
“As spring temperatures rise, we’re already seeing mosquito activity ramp up across the country,” Dr. Sydney Crawley, principal vector scientist at Terminix, said. “Mosquitoes aren’t just a backyard nuisance — they can also carry diseases that pose real public health risks. Our annual rankings help raise awareness and encourage people to take proactive steps to protect themselves, their families, and their communities.”
The top 10 cities include: Los Angeles,
Dallas, New York City, Atlanta, Houston, Philadelphia,Washington, D.C., Orlando, Fla., Tampa-St. Petersburg, Fla., and San Francisco.
To protect against mosquitoes and reduce exposure to a mosquito-borne illness, Terminix recommends the following steps:
• Add mosquito traps.
Well-designed mosquito traps can reduce the number of host-seeking mosquitoes that affect individuals trying to enjoy outdoor spaces. Mosquito trapping should be used in conjunction with a comprehensive integrated mosquito management plan, using multiple tactics to control mosquitoes both in their immature and adult life stages.
• Tip and toss.
Remove standing water from containers weekly. Female mosquitoes of every species need water to lay their eggs.An item as small as a bottle cap can hold enough water to support the development of mosquito larvae.
• Reduce breeding areas.
Eliminate any standing water after rainfall. Common hot spots include gutters, downspouts and low-lying areas, but don’t forget about dogbowls, kiddie pools, bird baths, etc.
• Use EPA-registered repellents such as DEE.
The higher the percentage, the longer the protection.
• Work with a trusted, local pest expert.
Trained professionals can recommend an integrated pest management plan, providing solutions to address the problem at the source.
Legislation introduced to protect poultry producers and strengthen biosecurity
EMILY PARCELL
POULTRY
TIMES CONTENT WRITER
WASHINGTON — U.S. Reps. Sarah McBride (D-Del.) and Mike Lawler (RN.Y.) have introduced a piece of legislation to help protect poultry producers and strengthen U.S. agricultural biosecurity.
The “Supporting Avian Virus Eradication (SAVE) Our Poultry Act” is described as a means to enhance “highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) high-priority research and extension areas within the USDA.”
“The bill aims to strengthen biosecurity protocols and support research into effective prevention – safeguarding producers, the national food supply, and critical export markets,” McBride said in a release.
After Mike Puglisi, owner of Puglisi Egg Farms in Delaware, had a meeting with McBride, where he raised concerns about the threat of avian flu to family-owned farms, the bill was developed.
“This is about listening to the people doing the work,” McBride added. “When a farmer in New Castle County came to me with real concerns about how avian flu could affect his flock and his livelihood, I knew we needed a serious bipartisan solution. The SAVE Our Poultry Act is about supporting our farmers in their efforts to protect their animals, their markets, and their futures.”
This act will authorize USDA grants to research HPAI, analyze the impact of vaccinations on international trade, and fund enhanced biosecurity methods for producers.
“This is a national security issue.We must take responsible steps to protect our agricultural industry,” Lawler said. “The SAVE Our Poultry Act is about supporting
practical research that protects our farmers in addressing avian influenza. It’s about safeguarding the industry, protecting jobs, and ensuring our food supply stays safe.”
In addition to the SAVE Our Poultry Act, U.S. Sens. Amy Klobucher (D-Minn.), Elissa Slotkin (D-Mich.), Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa), and M. Michael Rounds (RS.D.) also wrote a letter to U.S. Agriculture Secretary Brooke Rollins encouraging the Feb. 26 avian flu response plan, to include turkey and dairy producers.
“We request an update on the Department’s plan for ensuring turkey producers, dairy and other impacted livestock and wildlife species are covered under the plan,” the letter stated. “In addition, we request the Department develop a strategy and timeline for working with foreign trading partners to ensure potential vaccination of avian flu in poultry and cattle does not disrupt trade and that the Department provide information to Congress about the expected timeline for conditional approval of an avian flu vaccine for dairy cattle.”
As of April 15, more than 168 million poultry have been affected by HPAI along with more than 1,000 dairy herds.
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Darkling beetles are problematic and costly pests to poultry health
DAVID B. STRICKLAND POULTRY TIMES EDITOR DSTRICKLAND@POULTRYTIMES.COM
GAINESVILLE, Ga. — Not just a pesky pest, but a potential costly one, is the darkling beetle. These insects can affect bird health, spread diseases, and cause many problems for producers.
Noted frequently around poultry feed and in house litter, the darkling beetle can migrate during litter clean-out, as well as night flights from fields where they are present and into poultry houses.
The darkling beetle, “originated in the tropics and is well suited for warm humid conditions making the broiler house the perfect habitat for it,” notes Dr. Claudia Dunkley, an Extension poultry scientist with the University of Georgia, in a report. “Inside the houses, beetles can be found under feed pans and feed lines where spilled feed is mixed with litter. The life cycle of darkling beetles takes 40 to 100 days depending on the temperature, as they tend to multiply more quickly as the temperature increases. The adult beetle can live for more than 12 months, with the female beetle laying up to 2,000 eggs during its lifetime.”
A great concern for poultry health is if birds were to consume beetles that are contaminated with diseases. A result of a bird’s inclination to eat insects in the litter and feed.
“Young birds can consume large numbers of beetles which can interfere with feed consumption and can result in pathogen transmission,” Dunkley said. “It has been shown that darkling beetles act as vectors for a number of poultry diseases such as fowl pox and Newcastle and act as a host for E. coli and salmonella.They also act as intermediate hosts for roundworms and tapeworms.”
Beyond the farm, if litter that has a high concentration of darkling beetles is placed on fields near to residential areas and the insects spread, this could lead to neighbor nuisance complaints.
“Another important problem that can arise from high beetle populations is that of neighbor relations,” Dunkley added. “Litter that has been spread in fields and contains high beetle numbers have resulted in nuisance complaints because these displaced beetles tend to seek refuge in nearby homes.”
In addition to the detrimental effects to poultry, darkling beetles can also cause structural damage to poultry houses.
“While darkling beetles act as vectors that can transmit disease causing organisms to chicken, the most serious impact that these beetles can have on the broiler farm is the structural damage that they can cause to the houses,” Dunkley said. “The migration of the beetle larvae (the lesser mealworm stage) into the insulation for pupation results in extensive damage. Application of insecticides to structure, including the floor, after cleaning can assist in lowering the beetle survival.”
Patrick Marquez, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org Darkling beetle, or lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus.
“While darkling beetles act as vectors that can transmit disease causing organisms to chicken, the most serious impact that these beetles can have on the broiler farm is the structural damage that they can cause to the houses.”
Control of darkling beetles, as well as other pests such as rodents, flies and waterfowl, should involve a good biosecurity plan and the use of integrated pest management (IPM) procedures.
“An IPM program for a broiler facility must be implemented on a farm-byfarm basis as no set program will fit all situations on all farms,” she added. “Each farm will have to design a program to suit their facility based on a thorough inspection of the facility and the problems that are identified.”
A rotation of chemical types may be needed to prevent an infestation of beetles that have acquired a resistance to the pesticide being used.
“Over the years the beetles have developed resistance to some insecticides. Effective control of these pests requires rotation of chemicals to reduce the potential development of resistance to active ingredients in the insecticides,” Dunkley said. “Other management practices such as time and mode of application, and monitoring the changes in the beetle population can also help in controlling darkling beetles and reducing their negative impact on the industry.”
Trump-Vance inauguration received $5M donation from Pilgrim’s Pride
DAVID B. STRICKLAND POULTRY TIMES EDITOR DSTRICKLAND@POULTRYTIMES.COM
WASHINGTON — A listing of large donations to President Donald Trump’s and Vice President JD Vance’s inauguration committee is revealed in a recent itemized contribution report from the Federal Election Commission.
Pilgrim’s Pride, with a $5 million donation, is noted as the largest contributor in this filing. Pilgrim’s Pride is the number two broiler producer in the United States. The company, headquartered in Greeley, Colo., has more than 61,000 employees and operates processing plants in 14 states, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Europe.
Poultry Times reached out to Pilgrim’s regarding this contribution and received the following statement:
“As a U.S.-based food company, Pilgrim’s was pleased to support the 2025 inauguration ceremony. We have a long bipartisan history of participating in the civic process and look forward to working with the Administration to create opportunities for American farmers and provide safe, affordable food for American families.”
In a March financial report, Pilgrim’s said that during the past five years it has, “invested more than $950 million in acquisitions, $1.8 billion in share repurchases and dividends, and $2.2 billion in capital expenditures.”
This recent FEC filing regarding contributions to the Trump inauguration committee reports a total of $245,272,420.15. The second largest contribution is from crypto currency company Ripple Labs, with $4,889,345.
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Several companies were listed as donating seven-figure sums. Among those donating $1 million included Amazon, Meta, Google, Pfizer, Bayer, Boeing Co., Anheuser Busch, Johnson & Johnson, and General Motors. Microsoft donated a combined $750,000.
The FEC also reported late last year that tech billionaire Elon Musk, through America PAC, gave $250 million to the Trump campaign.
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California HPAI egg and dairy economics examined by UC-Davis
DAVID B. STRICKLAND POULTRY TIMES EDITOR DSTRICKLAND@POULTRYTIMES.COM
DAVIS, Calif. — A lot of focus has been given to egg prices stemming from the effects on the laying flock from the ongoing highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in the U.S. Another agricultural product was impacted last spring when the virus species jumped to dairy cattle, but there has been a different effect on the price of milk.
Agricultural economists with the University of California-Davis are examining the virus’ consequences on the state’s egg and dairy industries, and how the impact has been felt differently in the prices for the two products. California requires cage-free eggs which makes it a different market than other states nationally that offer both conventional and cage-free eggs.
A recent report from UC-Davis looks at the economics of HPAI on California’s eggs and milk. The researchers include Dr. Olena Sambucci, an economics researcher; Daniel A. Sumner, Frank H. Buck Jr., Distinguished Professor; and Erica A. Van Fleet, a junior research specialist, all with UC-Davis’s Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
Eggs
“H5N1 has had major impacts on California egg and milk production and markets, but those impacts are different,” the report said. “For eggs, as the disease has affected flocks around the country, egg prices have spiked and receded, only to spike again. Given California’s cage-free restrictions, our price may have more volatility than the overall national market. The data are not yet clear if California egg production will recover from late 2024 losses. It is also not clear if the current policy of depopulating infected flocks will get the disease under control nationally as it did in the past. Given the sensitivity of price to production shortfalls, egg prices may continue to bounce up and down.”
The H5N1 virus has infected approximately 10.6 million hens in California, along with 1 million tableegg pullets, the researchers noted, adding that by the end of 2024, the farms in the state had not yet been able to replace all of the birds lost to H5N1, and had about 4.35 million egg-laying hens, which is 1.5 percent of the U.S. flock.
“California, with its requirement that all eggs produced and sold are cage-free, consumes about 13 percent of all eggs and about 40 percent of cagefree eggs in the United States,” the researchers added. At the end of 2024 prices in the state had increased more than the national prices.
“California buyers naturally contract to buy, when available, from California suppliers to minimize transport time and costs,” the report said.
“Overall, as a market where access is restricted to only the cage-free segment of supply; California prices are likely to be higher and more volatile than the national prices.”
The report also notes that retail egg prices nationwide have been volatile with empty shelves and sale rationing. Current outbreaks, however, have been causing more disruptions in other states that have more conventional laying hen operations.
“In January 2025, H5N1 had minimal impact in California, and 85 percent of the hens lost were housed in conventional cage housing, especially in Ohio, Missouri, and North Carolina,” the report added. “This suggests that California prices may moderate in the coming months unless additional major outbreaks of H5N1 infections hit farms with cage-free systems.”
Milk
HPAI has made the jump to several species, most notably for agriculture into dairy herds in spring 2024. The virus was first detected in a California dairy herd in August 2024.
Regarding the state’s milk production, the researchers noted that H5N1, “has spread through herds that produce the great bulk of California milk and caused aggregate production losses of more than 10 percent. However, given the nature of the dairy product markets, we see little reason for farm milk prices to rise to offset production shortfalls. The result is a major loss in the net returns for California dairy farms.”
The report adds that H5N1 has been very concentrated to California’s large herd and milk production area of the San Joaquin Valley.
“It has likely affected herds producing about 90 percent of California milk,” the researchers added. “However, unlike in poultry, H5N1 generally causes
mild symptoms in cattle; most individual cows recover rapidly, and reduced milk production is the most important impact for commercial dairies.”
Active research continues on how an avian influenza infection affects cow’s milk production. Also, officials note that milk from commercial farms that is pasteurized remains safe as the process has been shown to kill the virus.
“It seems that cows may be infected for about a month, but milk productivity takes two or three months to recover,” the report said. “The disease seems to spread through the cows in a herd in about a month or so. Even in infected herds, about 40 percent of cows seem to show few if any symptoms, including little if any loss of milk production. Based on preliminary data, milk production in infected herds drops by up to 20 percent for a week or two and then gradually recovers, as fewer cows in the herd suffer from the largest productivity declines.”
Milk producers in California account for about 15 percent of the nation’s milk supply, but a lot of the milk produced in the state goes toward processed products like cheese, butter, ice cream and yogurt. The cost to the farmer is of great concern resulting from H5N1 infections through increased health expenditures, monitoring, early culling, labor costs, and reduced milk production, the researchers noted.
“The bottom line for California milk producers is that production is down, costs are up, and prices will not compensate for those losses,” the report added. Looking ahead, “There is much to still learn about H5N1, including how the evolving disease is likely to affect future farm production, prices, and revenues for eggs and milk,” the UC-Davis researchers noted. “We have outlined the best available data, but much more research is underway.”
APHIS notes biosecurity steps to keep birds healthy
WASHINGTON — USDA’s Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service offers the following steps to take to protect birds and maintain biosecurity practices - following the basic three-step guideline to look, report and protect.
• Keep your distance
Restrict access to your property and your birds.
Consider fencing off the area where you keep your birds and make a barrier area if possible. Allow only people who take care of your birds to come into contact with them.
Do not let visitors bring any of their birds near your flock.
Game birds and migratory waterfowl should not have contact with your flock because they can carry germs and disease.
• Keep it clean
Wear clean clothes. Scrub your shoes with disinfectant.
Wash your hands thoroughly before entering your bird area.
Clean and disinfect equipment that comes in contact with your birds or their droppings, including cages and tools.
Remove manure before disinfecting.
Properly dispose of dead birds.
• Don’t haul disease
Car and truck tires, poultry cages and equipment can all harbor germs. If you travel to a location where other birds are present, or even to a feed store, be sure to clean and disinfect these items before you return to your property.
To prevent, don’t mix young and old birds or birds from different species or different sources.
• Don’t borrow disease from your neighbor
Do not share equipment, tools or supplies with your neighbors or other bird owners.
And never share items such as wooden pallets or cardboard egg cartons because they are porous and cannot be adequately cleaned and disinfected.
• Know the warning signs of infectious bird disease
Many bird diseases can be difficult to diagnose. The list below includes some of the things to look for that signal something might be wrong with your birds.
1. Sudden increase in bird deaths in your flock.
2. Sneezing, gasping for air, coughing and nasal discharge.
3.Watery and green diarrhea.
4. Lack of energy and poor appetite.
5. Drop in egg production or soft-or thin-shelled misshapen eggs.
6. Swelling around the eyes, neck and head.
7. Purple discoloration of the wattles, combs and legs.
8. Tremors, drooping wings, circling, twisting of the head and neck, or lack of movement.
Early detection of signs is very important to prevent the spread of disease.
• Report sick birds
Don’t wait to report unusual signs of disease or unexpected deaths among your birds. Contact your local Cooperative Extension agent, veterinarian, poultry diagnostic lab, or USDAVeterinary Service office (which can be reached at 866-536-7593).This toll-free hotline has veterinarians on hand to help. More information can be obtained at http://healthybirds.aphis.usda.gov.
TAMU updates on HPAI in dairy cattle, one year later
BY MACI GUAY Texas A&M University
COLLEGE STATION,Texas — The detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza, HPAI, subtype H5N1 in dairy cattle was confirmed in March 2024 by the USDA.This finding was the first of its kind and shocked the global scientific community.
The official confirmation came on the heels of testing performed at the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory’s Canyon and College Station laboratories.
Following reports from local dairy practitioners and hundreds of tests to rule out other potential pathogens, the Canyon lab tested a nasal swab sample from dairy cows.
The positive result was the first indication that HPAI had crossed species, an unexpected discovery as cows were not considered at high risk for infection with this particular virus strain.
Ongoing efforts to answer questions
After a year of ongoing surveillance and diagnostic services, TVMDL continues to safeguard animal and human health as experts proceed with finding answers to the many questions related to HPAI in non-avian species.
To date, 17 states have confirmed cases of avian influenza in cattle, and the viral infection has been detected in at least 989 dairy herds.
Since its discovery in 2024, TVMDL has conducted over 12,000 avian influenza tests and continues to help monitor this threat through state-of-the-art diagnostic services.
“TVMDL runs these tests for the sake of the animals, but also because we care about all the people who interact with those animals,” Dr. Alexis Thompson, resident director for the TVMDL laboratory in Canyon, said. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, pasteurization kills the virus in milk, so commercial dairy products are safe for human consumption. However, certain HPAI virus strains are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans. Individuals who work directly with potentially infected animals may be at higher risk of infection. To date, there have been 70 cases of dairy and poultry workers infected due to the current outbreak.
“We do it for the dairy workers, livestock owners, veterinarians, people working in wildlife sectors and even shelters,” Thompson said. “All of them are at a higher risk of infection, so it’s our duty to let people know where this virus is.”
Avian influenza background
Avian influenza is a contagious viral disease caused by influenza type A virus infections in bird species. Infected birds can shed the virus through their mucous, saliva or feces. Humans and animals can be infected with the virus by direct contact with an infected animal, touching contaminated surfaces or airborne transmission.
The current avian influenza outbreak began in early 2022 and for more than two years, largely remained in avian species. Although most viral outbreaks tend to wane over time, this outbreak has spilled over into approximately 30 mammalian species across the U.S.
Despite the virus infecting different species over its two-year run, the spill over into dairy cattle in the Texas Panhandle took experts by surprise.
“We have known that birds have been a
host for avian influenza for decades,” Thompson said. “I was shocked by the positive tests in cattle because they are known to get influenza type D but not influenza type A.”
The discovery of HPAI in dairy cattle
In late February 2024, TVMDL began to receive notices of sick cattle with reduced milk production and fever, among other varying clinical signs, on dairy farms across the Texas Panhandle. Working alongside dairy practitioners, TVMDL compiled a battery of testing options to determine the cause of illness.
“In response to all of this, our lab began testing a plethora of samples to rule out possible etiologies,” Thompson said. “We ruled out lots of common diseases in dairy cows, which helped the veterinarians and other laboratories working on this unusual event narrow down possible causes.”
Although the ongoing negative test results were insightful, diagnostic laboratories did not have a specific suspected disease to investigate.
The case finally broke following reports of unexplained morbidity events of several wild
Mallory Pfeiffer / Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory
Brittney Chavarria, with the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory virology section in College Station, prepares sample materials for highly pathogenic avian influenza testing
birds and cats from the same dairies.
Connecting cat and bird hosts to dairy cattle
TVMDL received the first reports of deceased birds on March 15, 2024, and cat specimens began arriving three days later.
Dr. Kiril Dimitrov, assistant agency director for microbiology and research, oversees avian influenza testing at both the Canyon and College Station lab locations.
“Positive results for avian influenza in cats were not surprising,” Dimitrov said. “For more than 25 years, we have known that cats are susceptible to the virus. It was the big numbers that were surprising.”
Veterinarians on dairies communicated their findings with the diagnostic laboratory, including that one dairy lost 20 cats in 24 hours. Based on this information, veterinarians began to submit samples from cats for testing. Testing not only revealed the cats as positive for HPAI but that they were carrying significant viral loads.
Questioning a possible connection between the dead birds, cats and the sick cows, Thompson threw avian influenza into the list of potential pathogens to investigate.
From March 19-22, 2024, multiple samples from cats tested positive for HPAI. On March 22, 2024, TVMDL tested a nasal swab sample from a sick cow living on the same dairy as the cats infected with avian influenza. Re-
markably, the swab tested positive for HPAI subtype H5N1.
“The current hypothesis is that the disease jumped from birds to cattle, and then from the cattle to the cats,” Thompson said. “There is always some worry when a virus jumps from one species to another because the bridge becomes smaller at each new host.”
What happens when the pathogen jumps species?
Initially, Thompson feared that dairies would face a similar fate as the poultry industry when highly pathogenic avian influenza was first discovered — particularly, the mass depopulation on affected operations and the deterioration of the dairy industry, which employs more than 3 million Americans.
“I was thinking about the future and how this pathogen would affect this large community,” Thompson said. “This is a pathogen jumping into a new species. We had a lot of unknowns at the time, and we still do.”
The week of March 25, 2024, when the USDA announced the confirmation of HPAI type H5N1 in dairy cattle, TVMDL tested 138 samples from 12 Texas, New Mexico and Kansas dairy farms. HPAI-positive samples were detected in dairy cattle on every farm with submitted samples.
Now, after a year of nationwide testing, experts have increased their knowledge of
WeighTech...
the outbreak. For example, affected herds tend to have a low mortality rate despite the concerns of clinical signs associated with the disease.
Protecting the dairy industry from avian influenza
Since the initial discovery of HPAI in dairy cattle, testing at TVMDL and other diagnostic labs has paved the way for the establishment of multiple federal orders and programs aimed at protecting the dairy industry:
• In April 2024, the USDA announced a federal order for all lactating dairy cows to be tested for HPAI before being transported across state lines, hoping to limit the spread of the contagious disease.
• In late May 2024, USDA launched the Dairy Herd Status Program, a voluntary program for dairy producers to monitor herd health and promote transportation efficiency.
• In December, the USDA announced the National Milk Testing Strategy, a federal order requiring the testing of raw milk at the state level to work toward freedom from disease.
• For more on the NMTS, visit www.aphis. usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/livestock/nmts.
As a member of the USDA’s National Animal Health Laboratory Network, TVMDL has provided testing for federal orders and routine surveillance testing for concerned dairies.
Serving the Meat, Poultry and Seafood Industries
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First Lady receives 48th annual Commemorative Egg at Easter Egg Roll
DAVID B. STRICKLAND POULTRY TIMES EDITOR DSTRICKLAND@POULTRYTIMES.COM
WASHINGTON — — On behalf of the nation’s egg farmers, the American Egg Board continued its longstanding, 48-year tradition and presented First Lady Melania Trump with the 48th annual First Lady Commemorative Egg during the annual White Easter Egg Roll during Easter Monday celebrations at the White House on April 21.
The design of this year’s egg honors the first lady’s involvement with the Fostering the Future Foundation and features a delicate butterfly design carved into an actual chicken eggshell, with its wings spread symbolizing growth and freedom. The egg was created by Misty Gibson, an egg artist from Rattan, Okla.
“Encircling the butterfly, a winding ivy vine etched into the egg’s surface reflects foster children’s diverse paths, representing the challenges, triumphs, and personal stories shaping their futures,” AEB described. “The intricately detailed wings create a stunning interplay of light, texture, and form, representing foster children’s fragile yet powerful journey. The inside of the egg reveals three butterflies resting on a branch … This piece is not only a work of art but a heartfelt tribute to the mission of Fostering the Future and the children it supports.”
“It is a true privilege to continue our tradition of honoring our nation’s First Ladies by presenting the 2025 First Lady’s Commemorative Egg to First Lady Melania Trump on behalf of America’s egg farmers at the White
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House Easter Egg Roll,” Emily Metz, AEB president and CEO, said.
“Eggs play a central role in our beloved Easter and Passover traditions, and we are proud to celebrate this cherished symbol of the season at the White House and in homes across the country,” Metz added.
Real eggs for the Roll
It’s been a year of fluctuating egg prices and availability stemming from the ongoing highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak and its effects on the nation’s egg-laying farms. However, real eggs were available for this year’s event.
The annual White House Easter Egg Roll is the largest public event at the White House, bringing in approximately 40,000 visitors. AEB notes that the nation’s egg farmers have always donated thousands of real chicken eggs to be dyed for the event, and this year is no exception. About 2,500 dozen eggs have been donated by U.S. egg farmers for the annual roll. Egg dishes will also be served on the White House South Lawn, such as quiche, cheesecake bars, and more.
More than 100 egg farmers will be volunteering, and guests can visit the AEB’s interactive Hen-to-Home display that shows the egg’s journey from farm to table.
Easter activities at the White House date back to President Abraham Lincoln, but the “official” Easter Egg Roll began in 1878 during the presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes.
“America’s egg farmers are immensely proud to be part of this treasured tradition every year,” Metz added. “As a legacy partner of the White House Easter Egg Roll, we are honored that real eggs are a key element in this iconic national celebration. We are grateful for the hard work and dedication of our egg farmers, who play a crucial role in making the event possible.”
AEB photo
The 48th annual First Lady Commemorative Egg was presented by the American Egg Board to First Lady Melania Trump. Carved into an actual eggshell, the design features delicate butterfly imagery honoring the first lady’s work with the Fostering the Future Foundation
Perdue Premium Meat receives ‘Spirit of the Community’ award
SIOUX CENTER, Iowa —
The City of Sioux Center, Iowa, and the Sioux Center Chamber of Commerce recently honored Perdue Premium Meat Company with the 2025 Sioux Center “Spirit of Community” Community Service Award. This annual award ceremony recognizes exemplary businesses, individuals and organizations that make Sioux Center a better place to live and work. PPMC was honored for the company’s local initiatives, job creation, economic impact and unwavering dedication to community service.
Perdue acquired the SiouxPreme Packing Company in Sioux Center in 2015, which originally opened its doors in 1970. The operations have a long history of supporting important community pillars, including first responders, athletics, healthcare, youth services, local businesses, education, disaster relief, the local airport, and food security; last year alone, PPMC donated 80,000 pounds of high-quality protein to feed families in Siouxland, the company noted.
PPMC, which includes specialty brands Niman Ranch and Coleman All Natural Meats, processes the pork for these brands at its Sioux Center facility, and also co-packs conventional private-label pork as part of its ongoing Sioux-Preme operations. With a second furtherprocessing facility just down the road in Sioux City, PPMC employs 450 community members and partners with more than 180 independent farm families in the state.
“In a county that is a top pork producer in the state and nation, Perdue’s investment here is part of strengthening our agricultural foundation,” Sioux Center Mayor Dale Vander Berg, said. “Perdue is a true local leader, making an impact not only economically but also by strengthening the fabric of our
community through their ongoing contributions to this great place we call home.”
“We’re proud to be a part of the great state of Iowa, and especially in the areas like Sioux Center where we have important operations,” Gary Malenke, PPMC senior vice president of pork operations, said. “It’s a tremendous privilege to be a part of this community. I see firsthand everyday how we celebrate together, support each other during hard times, and remain committed to making our city the best it can be.”
PPMC received the community service award alongside fellow honorees including the Dordt University coaching staff and Sioux Center Public Library staff, and individuals David Janssen, Benj Van Donge and Jennifer Dorhout.
Sioux Center, Iowa, Mayor Dale Vander Berg presented the city’s Spirit of the Community Award to Gary Malenke, Perdue Premium Meat Co. senior vice president of pork operations, for the company’s local initiatives, job creation, economic impact and unwavering dedication to community service.
Perdue Farms photo
High demand for backyard chicks as bird flu continues
GAINESVILLE, Ga. — With the continued spread of bird flu and higher egg prices, many consumers are opting to start their own backyard flocks.
This increased demand is making chicks quite the hot commodity. In some local feed stores, galvanized tin tubs sit empty when this time of year they are normally brimming with chirping baby birds.
“While we are very early in our Chick Days season in Tractor Supply stores, we can say we are seeing a high demand for poultry,” Karen Callahan, a Tractor Supply Co. spokesperson, said. “Last year, Tractor Supply sold more than 10 million live birds, and we expect to sell more this year.”
Retailers like Tractor Supply Co. are not the only ones with higher demand for their
chicks. Breeders like Meyer Hatchery, which sells about 75 percent of their chick inventory to individuals, quickly ran out of available stock.
“We have definitely seen an uptick, comparable to the early days of COVID,” Meghan Howard, Meyer Hatchery director of sales and marketing, said. “We sell the same num-
ber of chicks in a year no matter what, since chickens can only lay and hatch a set number each week, but we sold out into the fall within a matter of days a few weeks ago!”
As of March 20, more than 168 million poultry have been affected by bird flu. This has sparked concern amongst consumers, making them wonder if they should begin raising their own.
Companies like Rent the Chicken are great options for those who do not want to commit to keeping their chickens but are interested in seeing if it could be a good fit for their family.
“Last
Tractor
Texas A&M study predicts long-term drop in chicken fertility rates
By Adam Russell Texas A&M University
COLLEGE STATION, Texas — A new study shows chicken fertility rates in U.S. broiler eggs could decline to approximately 60 percent by 2050. That decline could lead to chicken production issues and higher costs for consumers.
The study, “How concerned should we be about broiler breeder fertility declines?,” by Cara Cash, a graduate student in the Texas A&M College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of Poultry Science, was recently published in Poultry Science, the Poultry Science Association’s scientific journal. Graduate student Kolton Witherspoon also contributed to the research.
To assess fertility trends, researchers analyzed data from the USDA’s National Agricultural Statistics Service from 2013 to 2022. Their analysis revealed significant declines in essential production metrics, including hatchability, chick viability and production efficiency.
“The analysis validates concerns that have circulated in the poultry industry for years,” said Dr. Giri Athrey, study co-author and avian geneticist and associate professor in the TAMU Department of Poultry Science. “This study is the first to paint a clear picture of the problem and forecast future declines. The more that gap grows, the greater the expense will be for the industry to meet consumer demand and the more likely those economic impacts will trickle into grocery stores.”
Broiler chicken fertility rates drop
Athrey said the publication identified an alarming trend that had been talked about within the poultry industry for years. It provides a statistically and scientifically supported prediction of continued hatchability declines in broiler chicken eggs.
Hatchability refers to the percentage of fertile eggs that successfully hatch into healthy chicks during incubation. Athrey said approximately 12 billion eggs are needed each year to produce to 9 billion broiler chickens — a success rate of 75 percent.
If current trends continue, the analysis suggests hatchability rates could fall to 60 percent by 2050.
Chicken fertility rates fuel meat production
The study comes as demand for U.S. chick-
Laura McKenzie / Texas A&M AgriLife
Dropping broiler chicken fertility rates would result in decreased production efficiency, which in turn increases costs for the industry and ultimately consumers. A Texas A&M research study provides the first clear assessment of the egg fertility issue and a forecast for the future if corrective measures aren’t taken within the poultry industry.
en meat continues to increase. From 2013 to 2022, U.S. production increased from 18.85 million to 23.15 million tons. During that same period, annual per capita chicken consumption jumped from just over 82 pounds to almost 101 pounds.
Broiler breeding fertility rates are a foundational component to sustaining that growth. In response to declining fertility, producers have increased the number of eggs set — an approach Athrey said can also increase costs across the supply chain.
Study confirms industry concerns
To support deeper analysis, the research team developed a Broiler Breeder Performance Index, a tool that incorporates hatch-
ability and production indicators to model fertility trends over time. The study also explores potential contributing factors, including management practices and genetic selection strategies.
Athrey said the findings highlight the need for further research to explore sustainable solutions to poultry fertility rates and broiler hatchability.
“Our goal was to better understand what the data can tell us about long-term fertility trends,” Athrey said. “These findings may help inform future research into improving reproductive performance in broiler breeders.”
Adam Russell is a communication specialist for Texas A&M University’s AgriLife.
