dh\yq ssKUv 2022 226 1. At]-£-I≥ At]-£-bn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p≈ `qan hns´m-gn™v Xcm≥ A[n-Im-c-s∏-´-h\mtWm? 2. At]-£-I\v `qan-bn-ep≈ Ah-Im-i-Ø-nt∑¬ GsX-¶nepw \yq\-X-Iƒ Dt≠m? 3. hns´m-gn-bm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ `qan GsX-¶nepw Ic-Ip-Sn-»n-Ibvt°m a‰v _m≤y-X-Iƒt°m hnt[-b-amtWm? 4. `qan KXm-K-X-tbm-Ky-amtWm? 5. `qan At]-£-Is‚ ssIh-im-h-Im-i-Øn-emtWm? 6. At]-£-I≥ `qan hns´m-gn-bm≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv \ncp-]m-[n-I-am-bn-´mtWm? Atº-jW dnt∏m¿´n\v ]pdta hnt√-Pm-^o-k¿ `qan-bpsS Hcp kvsI®pw, `qan-bpsS Dt±i hne, AXnse tZl-WvU-߃, AXn-cp-Iƒ F∂o hnh-c-߃ AS-ßnb Hcp al dpw Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw Xøm-dm-°p∂ al- -dn¬ At]-£-I-t‚-tbm, At]£-I≥ A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ hy‡n-bp-tStbm Hcp {]Jym-]\w (Un-¢-td-j≥) hmßn hnt√-Pm-^o-kdpw am\y-cmb c≠v hy‡n-Ifpw km£y-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Ip∂p. hnt√-Pm-^o-k¿ Xømdm-°p∂ Atº-jW dnt∏m¿´v NphsS hnh-cn-°p∂ dn°m¿Up-Itfm-Sp-IqSn Xl-kn¬Zm¿ (`q-tc-J) bv°v ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. 1. AtºjW dnt∏m¿´v 2. kvsI®v 3. al- ¿ 4. `q\nIpXn cPn-Ã-dns‚ FIvkv{SmIv‰v 5. X≠-t∏¿ A°u-≠ns‚ ]I¿∏v Xl-ko¬Zm-dpsS dnt∏m¿´v e`n®p Ign-™m¬ dh\yq Unhn-j-W¬ Hm^o-k¿ 1958˛se `qan hns´mgnb¬ N´ßfn¬ \¬Inbn´p≈ t^mw C-˛bn¬ t\m´okv ]ckys∏SpØp∂p. \n›nXÿeØpw hnt√Pv Hm^okv, Xmeq°v Hm^okv, Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\w F∂nhnSßfn¬ BWv t\m´okv ]ckys∏SpØp∂Xv . ]cmXnbps≠¶n¬ Ahbn¬ At\zjWw \SØn 1958˛se tIcf`qan hns´mgnb¬ \nbaØnse \memw hIp-∏-\p-k-cn®v At]£ kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm \ncm-I-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. At]£ kzoI-cn®v DØ-chm-bm¬ Xl-ko¬Zm¿ (`q-tc-J) k¿°m-cn-\p-th≠n `qan ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw Xmeq°n-tebpw hnt√-Pn-tebpw _‘-s∏´ dh\yq dn°m¿Up-I-fn¬ k_vUn-hn-j≥ \SØn Bhiy-ap≈ t`Z-KXn hcpØn hns´m-gn™ `qan-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ \nIpXn \ndp-ج/Ipdhv sNøm≥ \S-]-Sn-I-sf-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-am-Ip-∂p. Xl-ko¬Zm-dpsS DØ-c-h-\p-k-cn®v hnt√Pv dn°m¿Up-I-fn¬th≠ t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-Ønb hnhcw hnt√Pv B^o-k¿ Xl-ko¬Zm¿°v dnt∏m¿´v sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv. F√m hnt√Pv B^o-kp-I-fnepw k¿°m-cn-tebv°v hns´m-gn™ `qan-I-fpsS hnh-c-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn-\p-th≠n Hcp cPn-ÿ kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu cPn-ÿ Hcp ÿncw dn°m¿Uv BbXn\m¬ AXns\ F°m-ehpw ÿnc-ambpw kq£-vaambpw sh®pt]m-tc-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. k¿°m-cn-te°v hns´m-gn™ `qan bmsXmcp hn[ _m[yXI-fnepw Dƒs∏-´n-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-Xm-Ip-∂p. hns´m-gn™ `qan ]n¬°meØv XncnsI e`n°Wsa∂ Bhiyw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-X-√.
`qan ]Xnhv tIcf `qan ]Xnhv BŒv 1960 (BŒv 30/1960) {]Imcw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p≈ hnhn[ N´-ß-f\p-k-cn-®mWv kwÿm-\Øv k¿°m¿ `qan ]Xn®p\¬Ip-∂-Xv. ]©m-bØv {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ 1964 se tIcf `qan ]Xnhv N´-߃ A\p-k-cn®pw, ap\n-kn-∏¬, tIm¿∏td-j≥ {]tZ-i-ßfn¬ 1995 se ap\n-kn-∏¬ tIm¿∏-td-j≥ {]tZ-i-ßfnse `qan ]Xnhv N´-߃ A\p-k-cn-®pamWv ]Xnhv \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoIcn°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Cu N´-߃ IqSmsX, Irjn-bp‡ h\`qan ]Xn®v \¬I¬, 01.01.1977˛\v apºv ssIh- i - a p≈ h\- ` qan ]Xn®v \¬I¬,
