January 2025 Digital Edition by The Horse Review

The Winter Horse Care Issue

Alabama

• Alabama Hunter Jumper Association Chelsea AL

• Fayette Farmers Coop Fayette AL

• Seven Springs Lodge Tuscumbia AL

Arkansas

• First Choice Kubota Brookland AR

• Dorothy E King Equine Pavillion Fayetteville AR

• Oaklawn Resort_ Marketing Department Hot Springs AR

• Univ of Ark Division of Ag Research Jonesboro AR

• Arkansas Racing Division Little Rock AR

• The Equestrian Center Little Rock AR

• A-STATE EQUINE CENTER State University AR

• City Feed West Memphis AR

• Delta Farm Products Wynne AR

Florida

• Black Prong Resort Bronson FL

• Florida Horse Park Ocala FL

• HITS Ocala Ocala FL

• Exceptional Equestrian Ocala FL

• The Farm House - World Equestrian Center Ocala FL

• Tack Shack of Ocala Inc. Ocala FL

• Ocala Equine Hospital Ocala FL

• World Equestrian Center Ocala FL

• Gold Coast Feed: Wellington FL

• Wellington Inter_ Equestrian Village Wellington FL

• Dover Saddlery Wellington FL

• Tack N Rider Wellington FL

Georgia

• Georgia International Conyers Ga

Illinois

• Hits Chicago Wayne IL

Kentucky

• Stockdale’s Bowling Green KY

• First Choice Kubota Calvert City KY

• KY Lake Trailer Sales Calvert City KY

• State Line Ranch Supply Hazel KY

• Keeneland Gift Shop Lexington KY

• Fennell’s Horse Supplies Lexington KY

• KBC Horse Supplies Lexington KY

• Kentucky Horse Park Office Lexington KY

• Inter. Museum Of The Horse Lexington KY

• The Hitching Post Tack Shop Louisville KY

• Darren Rogers Churchill Downs Racetrack Louisville KY

• First Choice Kubota Mayfield KY

• Louisville Equestrian Center Taylorsville KY Mississippi

• Mattox Feed Mill Aberdeen MS

• Griffin Feed Baldwyn MS

• Panola Co. Co-Op Batesville MS

• Latham’s Boots Batesville MS

• Tractor Supply Batesville MS

• Tractor Supply Booneville MS

• Woods Farm Supply Byhalia MS

• Van’s Leather Work Byhalia MS

• Blue Ribbon Riding Acad. Canton MS

• Blue Ribbon Riding Academy Canton MS

• Mullins Farm Supply Charleston MS

• Hawkeye Feed Mill Coldwater MS

• Todd’s Feed & Hardware Coldwater MS

• Lowndes Farm Supply Columbus MS

• Home Place Pastures Como MS

• Tri County Como MS

• Alcorn County Co-Op Corinth MS

• Winterview Farm Flora MS

• Boots N More Florence MS

• Cross Country Seeds Grenada MS

• El-Kidd Western Wear Hamilton MS

• Complete Home Store Hernando MS

• Desoto Co. Co-Op Hernando MS

• Tri County Farm Services Hernando MS

• Magnolia Lighting Hernando MS

• Side Ally Gifts Hernando MS

• Coffe Central Hernando MS

• Cooper Feed & Fertilizer Holly Springs MS

• Bi County Farm Supply Holly Springs MS

• Ware Farm Services Houston MS

• Boots N More Jackson MS

• Edge Horse And Tack Mooreville MS

• Tractor Supply New Albany MS

• New Albany Vet Clinic New Albany MS

• O C Leatherworks New Albany MS

• Equine Veterinary Associates Olive Branch MS

• Full Circle Equine Olive Branch MS

• Frontier Western Store Olive Branch MS

• Olive Branch Co-op Olive Branch MS

• North Grove Equestrian Park Oxford MS

• Tractor Supply Oxford MS

• Oxford Farm And Ranch Oxford MS

• North Grove Equestrian Park Oxford MS

• Moore’s Feed Pontotoc MS

• Reeder Farm Supply Pontotoc MS

• Ripley Feed Ripley MS

• Scruggs Home & Garden Saltillo MS

• Reed’s Metals Saltillo MS

• Tractor Supply Senatobia MS

• Tate Co. Co-Op Senatobia MS

• Agri Farm & Ranch Shannon MS

• Cavendar’s Boots Southaven MS

• Tupelo Farm & Ranch Tupelo MS

• Tractor Supply Co Tupelo MS

• Tomlinson Farm & Building Supply Walnut MS

• Clay Co. Co-Op West Point MS Tennessee

• Ag & Nag Supply Adamsville TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Arlington TN

• Brunswick Feed Arlington TN

• Ashland City Co-Op Ashland City TN

• Ag Central Athens TN

• Stewart Brothers Bartlett TN

• Bedford Tack Bell Buckle TN

• Circle E Guest Ranch Belvidere TN

• Tractor Supply Bolivar TN

• Stockdale’s Bolivar TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Brentwood TN

• Boot Barn Brentwood TN

• Tractor Supply Brownsville TN

• Benton Co. Co-Op Camden TN

• Hickman Feed & Farm Centerville TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Clarksville TN

• Tractor Supply Co. College Grove TN

• Bonnie’s Barnyard College Grove TN

• Hall’s Feed & Seed Collierville TN

• United Farm & Home Columbia TN

• Agricenter Show Place Arena Cordova TN

• Stockdale’s Covington TN

• Covington Turf Supply Covington TN

• Tractor Supply Company Covington TN

• Bob’s Feed & Fertilizer Crossville TN

• Tennessee Farriers Supply Cumberland Furnace TN

• Decatur Farmers Co-Op Decaturville Tn

• Gibson Co-Op Dyer TN

• First Choice Kubota Dyersburg TN

• Pinnington’s Feed Dyersburg TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Dyersburg TN

• Tennessee Tractor Dyersburg TN

• First Choice Farm Eads TN

• Humphrey’s Co-Op Erin TN

• Tractor Supply Arena Franklin TN

• Franklin Horse Supply Franklin TN

• Dover Saddlery Franklin TN

• Brownland Farm Franklin TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Franklin TN

• Franklin Equine Services Franklin TN

• Germantown Charity Horse Show Grounds Germantown TN

• Saddles N Such Germantown TN

• Gr Junction Caf Grand Junction TN

• Bird Dog Museum Grand Junction TN

• Gibson Co. Co-Op Greenfield TN

• Tipton Farmers Co-Op Halls TN

• Roane State Expo Center Harriman TN

• First Farmers Co-Op Henderson TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Henderson TN

• Stockdale’s Hixson TN

• Horse Stop Hohenwald TN

• Lewis County Co-Op Hohenwald TN

• Goodrich Arena Humboldt TN

• Gibson Co-Op Humboldt TN

• The Cowboy Store Huntingdon TN

• Carrol Farmers Co-Op Huntingdon TN

• Loretta Lynn’s Dude Ranch Hurricane Mills TN

• R & J Feed Store Jackson TN

• Tractor Supply Jackson TN

• Rustic Soul Western Wear Jackson TN

• Mid-South Farmers Co-Op Jackson TN

• Reed’s Metals Jackson TN

• My Animal Hospital Jackson TN

• East Fork Stables Jamestown TN

• Southeast Pack Trips Jamestown TN

• Rim Riders Jamestown TN

• Old Town Saddlery Jonesborough TN

• Sonny Brooke Stables Knoxville TN

• Agra-Feed Supply Knoxville TN

• Penrose Farm Knoxville TN

• Tractor Supply Knoxville TN

• Tennessee Equine Hospital Lakeland TN

• Fern At La Grange La Grange TN

• Protrition La Vergne TN

• Tennessee Farmers Cooperative La Vergne TN

• First Farmers Co-Op Lexington TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Lexington TN

• Perry Co. Farmers Co-Op Linden TN

• Weakley Farmers Co-Op Martin TN

• Coyote Run Arena Mason TN

• Mckenzie Feed & Grain McKenzie TN

• Novel Memphis TN

• Raleigh Feed Memphis TN

• Jp Shelly And Son Middleton TN

• Tractor Supply Milan TN

• Tractor Supply Co Millington TN

• Miller Coliseum Murfreesboro TN

• Rutherford Farmers CoOp Murfreesboro TN

• Horseman’s Supply Murfreesboro TN

• Walnut Trace Farm Nashville TN

• Parnassus Books Nashville TN

• Gibson Co-Op Newbern TN

• Josh Quinn / CrossRoads Ranch Nolensville TN

• Jamie’s Welding Oakland TN

• Gateway Tire Oakland TN

• Stockdale’s Oakland TN

• Obion Farmers Coop Obion TN

• Henry Co. Farmers Co-Op Paris TN

• Ripley Farm Store Ripley TN

• New Hope Saddles Ripley TN

• Animal Care Hospital Ripley TN

• First Choice Kubota Savannah TN

• First Farmers Co-Op Savannah TN

• Rogers Farm Supply Scotts Hill TN

• Stockdale’s Selmer TN

• Stockdal’s Selmer TN

• Select Trailers Shelbyville TN

• Somerville Farm Supply Somerville TN

• Morris & Morris Somerville TN

• Boondocks Somerville TN

• Teague Store Somerville TN

• Reed Bros. Feed & Seed South Fulton TN

• Tractor Supply Co. Thompsons Station TN

• Tennessee Equine Hospital Thompsons Station TN

• Equine Performax-Jaeckle Center Thompsons Station TN

• Gibson Co-Op Trenton TN

• Tennessee Tractor Trenton TN

• First Choice Kubota Union City TN

• Obion Farmers Coop Union City TN

• Blackberry Farms Walland TN

• Humphreys Co. Co-Op Waverly TN

• Waynes Farmers Co-Op Waynesboro TN

• Rawhide Feed Whiteville TN

• Backerman’s Whiteville TN Texas

• Hildebrand Equine Complex College Station TX

• Texas Rose Horse Park Tyler TX

Virginia

• Hits Commonwealth Park Culpeper VA

Dear Readers,

Happy New Year to you all! I hope this finds you, your family, and, of course, your beloved horses in good health and high spirits. There’s something endlessly exciting about turning the page to a new year—an opportunity to reflect on the challenges and triumphs of the past year while looking ahead to new beginnings. For us at The Horse Review, 2025 promises to be a year brimming with opportunity, growth, and connection within the equestrian community. But before we look too far ahead, I’d like to take a moment to wish each and every one of you an incredible year filled with joy, purpose, and memorable rides.

Winter

is Here, Horses to Care For

Now, let’s face it—while January brings with it the energy of fresh starts, it’s also a tough time for horse owners. Winter is undoubtedly one of the most challenging seasons in the equestrian calendar. Short days, freezing temperatures, unpredictable weather, and icy water buckets transform the idyllic dream of horse ownership into a test of devotion, grit, and sheer hard work.

I know many of you are experiencing days that feel like a never-ending loop of bundling up in layers to trudge through mud and snow. You wrestle with frozen lead ropes, break ice from water troughs, and haul heavy bales of hay in the biting wind. And then there’s the reality of hay finding its way into every coat pocket, sock, and scarf no matter how careful you are. Oh, and riding? It’s hard to feel inspired to saddle up when the temperatures dip well below freezing, daylight is scarce, and arenas and trails are frozen solid. But we do it. Why? Because we love our horses, we love the lifestyle, and despite it all, there’s magic in this hard work.

To honor these shared experiences and offer support where we can, this month’s issue is dedicated to Winter Horse Care. Inside, you’ll find advice from experts on stabling during inclement weather, nutrition tips to keep your horse healthy through the season, and ways to manage their health and coat when the cold, damp climate takes its toll. Winter comes with its own set of challenges, but with the right knowledge and preparation, we can keep our horses thriving in these conditions.

For those days when you can brave the cold for a ride, we’ve also included insights on keeping your horse fit and finding moments of joy in the winter landscape. After all, few things compare to the peaceful

beauty of a snowy trail here and there or an early morning frost-glistened pasture.

Partnerships that Matter

Looking ahead, 2025 marks an incredibly exciting time for The Horse Review. At the core of our mission is a commitment to serve the equestrian community and elevate the stories, events, and individuals that make it special. To do that, I’m thrilled to announce several key partnerships that will make this year one of our biggest yet.

First and foremost, we’re honored to continue our role as a Media Partner for HITS Shows, covering the top-tier Hunter/ Jumper and Dressage events in Ocala, Chicago, Culpepper, Hudson Valley, and Del Mar. These shows bring together competitors, industry professionals, and fans of the sport, and we look forward to delivering comprehensive coverage for our readers.

We’re equally proud to renew our sponsorship with the Germantown Charity Horse Show and the Pin Oak Charity Horse Show—both events with impactful legacies and a firm dedication to community and philanthropy. Supporting these shows isn’t just about horses; it’s about helping the broader community and fostering a spirit of giving back, while celebrating multi-disciplines and breeds.

This year, we’re extremely excited to become a Media Partner for the National Cutting Horse Association and the NCHA Futurity Triple Crown Events, capturing the adrenaline and precision of these incredible competitions. Additionally, we’re joining forces as a Media Partner for the National Field Trial and Bird Dog Championships, continuing our reach into another remarkable facet of equestrian culture. Our goal is to support all disciplines, and I am sure as the year continues we will partner and sponsor other events and organizations.

Through our enduring membership with American Horse Publications (AHP), we recommit ourselves to the pursuit of journalism excellence. Whether we’re telling heartfelt stories, offering educational health articles, or covering national events, our aim remains the same—to bring authenticity, depth, and value to every piece we publish.

Building Connections

While I’m humbled by these partnerships, what excites me most is the opportunity to deepen our connection with you— our readers. This magazine is nothing without the vibrant, dedicated equestrian enthusiasts who make up our community. Whether you’re commenting on one of our features, tagging us on social media, or

sharing your insights and photos, it’s your passion that inspires us daily to do what we do.

As 2025 unfolds, we look forward to forging new relationships and welcoming new members to the fold. We’ll continue to bring you the content you love—whether it’s tips for caring for your horse, profiles on equestrian icons, or behind-the-scenes looks at the industry’s biggest events and businesses. And for our new readers or those just discovering the joy of horse ownership, we can’t wait to share our world with you.

Cheers to 2025

This New Year brings an opportunity for us to grow together, as equestrians and as a community. Whether your goal is to try a new discipline, conquer a fear, or simply connect with your horse on a deeper level, we’ll be here to support you every step of the way.

Here’s to the new year, new relationships, and new adventures. And here’s to sticking together—through frozen winter mornings and golden summer sunsets—for the love of horses.

Warm wishes,

Lauren Abbott Publisher & President

Section Sponsored By:

Part Two: Understanding Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) From Early Signs to Severe Progression

By Lauren Abbott and Kyla Szemplinski, MS, UT TSU Shelby County Extension

In the December 2024 issue, we introduced part one of our four part series on “Understanding Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM).” We explored why this disease is so challenging. Even with swift treatment, EPM can lead to long-term effects and potential relapses.

Now, in part two, we focus on identifying the early signs and symptoms of EPM in horses, which can range from subtle, mild changes to more advanced stages. Recognizing early, mild symptoms and indicators is essential for taking timely action and ensuring effective treatment.

Signs and Symptoms of EPM

EPM is complex to diagnose because when a horse tests positive for it, it only indicates they have been exposed; however, exposure does not mean the horse will develop the disease or show symptoms. Some horses have a significant immune response to the protozoa, which helps keep the disease at bay. EPM is considered an “opportunistic” disease, meaning it can stay dormant in the body until conditions allow it to flourish.

According to Dr. Lew Strickland, Extension Veterinarian at the University of Tennessee Knoxville, “Clinical signs of EPM can vary and often mimic other neurological conditions.” Mild symptoms of EPM include a slight lameness or paralysis. This is

troublesome because EPM can often be overlooked or mistaken for other less concerning issues by owners. This subtle lameness or paralysis exhibited by horses with mild EPM symptoms may be attributed to muscle strains, injuries, or general fatigue. This misdiagnosis or lack of recognition can be concerning; according to studies published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), untreated conditions can progress and lead to more severe symptoms over time. This highlights the importance of timely and accurate diagnosis to prevent long-term complications.

The delayed diagnosis or misinterpretation of mild EPM symptoms can have detrimental consequences for horses. As the disease progresses, the

protozoa responsible for EPM can continue to damage the nervous system, causing more severe and debilitating effects. Advanced symptoms can and will lead to a poor quality of life and decreased ability to perform regular activities for the horse.

The challenge lies in recognizing that mild symptoms in horses may be indicative of a more serious underlying condition like EPM. Prompt identification and accurate diagnosis are crucial for timely intervention and treatment. Veterinarian involvement is essential in ruling out other conditions and conducting thorough examinations to identify the true cause of the horse’s symptoms. By addressing potential EPM cases early on, appropriate treatment plans can be implemented and tracked, potentially mitigating the progression of the disease and preventing the onset of more advanced symptoms.

As EPM progresses, the symptoms can become more severe and distressing for the affected horse. While early signs may include subtle gait abnormalities, such as stumbling or incoordination, more advanced symptoms indicate a progression of the disease. These symptoms include asymmetric ataxia, where the horse exhibits a lack of coordination on one side of the body, weakness in the limbs, and muscle atrophy, particularly in the gluteal muscles. Facial paralysis, head tilt, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing, which can cause choke in horses), seizures, collapsing episodes, abnormal sweating, and loss of sensation may also manifest as the disease advances. These progressive symptoms highlight the urgent need for prompt veterinary intervention and treatment.

Early Diagnosis and Intervention

“Early detection is key to a horse’s recovery. If you suspect your horse has EPM, you should contact your veterinarian for the latest recommended treatment,” according to Dr. Strickland. “Without treatment, EPM is often fatal, but the severe signs, particularly recumbency, may not occur for years after infection. The disease can progress steadily or in a stop-start fashion,” Dr. Strickland states.

According to research, approximately 50-60% of horses with EPM can recover fully with proper veterinary intervention and treatment. However, it is important to note that not all horses respond favorably, and around 20-30% may not fully recover despite treatment. Additionally, a small percentage of horses, around 10-20%, may experience relapses or a recurrence of symptoms even after initial improvement.

As outlined, EPM can be challenging to diagnose early due to subtle symptoms, but it’s crucial to catch as early as possible for the best chance at recovery. In February’s Part Three of this series, we’ll dive into treatments, including common medications, the duration of treatment, and therapies, like physical therapy, exercises to help horses regain strength and recover fully.

Kyla Szemplinski, MS, serves as an Extension Agent I for 4-H Agricenter Youth Development with the UT TSU Shelby County Extension. She supports the equine community in Shelby County, Tennessee, offering guidance and expertise. Kyla can be reached at the Shelby County office by calling 901-752-1207 during regular business hours, Monday through Friday, 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM CST.

Winter Horse Care

By Lauren Abbott

Winter brings unique challenges for horse owners and caretakers, requiring extra attention to ensure your horse’s health and well-being. The colder months dramatically change the landscape, affecting nutrition, hydration, and overall care needs.

Unlike spring, summer, and fall, where fresh pasture provides a natural, nutrient-rich forage source and water is readily available, winter requires a shift in management. Grass

becomes scarce, leaving hay as the primary forage option, which may lack the nutrients found in fresh pasture. Cold temperatures can also lead to reduced water intake, increasing the risk of dehydration and digestive issues like colic. Additionally, horses burn more calories to maintain body heat, requiring dietary adjustments and, in some cases, blankets for added warmth.

Winter conditions can also lead to poor hoof health and respiratory issues, as horses often spend more time in poorly ventilated and soiled stalls. Proper barn ventilation is cru-

cial to reducing this risk and maintaining respiratory health during the season. While proper cleaning of stalls and hooves can prevent poor hoof health.

In this Winter Horse Care section, we explore key topics to help you navigate these challenges, including senior horse management, winter nutrition, hoof care, barn ventilation, and maintaining hydration in freezing temperatures. These insights and recommendations offer practical guidance to keep your horse healthy and comfortable throughout winter.

Caring for horses during winter requires dedication and

thoughtful adjustments to management routines. By understanding your horses’ needs and applying these recommendations, you can ensure your horses thrive during the colder months and beyond. Keeping their health and welfare a top priority will not only support them through winter but also strengthen the bond you share with your equine companions.

Section Sponsored By:

Caring for the Senior Horse During the Winter

By Kyla Szemplinski, MS, UT TSU Shelby County Extension

One of the best aspects of horse ownership is forming a decades-long relationship. You and your horse(s) get to grow, learn, and succeed together. As you grow wiser, so do your horses and with that wisdom comes the need for thoughtful management strategies. Caring for a senior horse does come with challenges, and these management steps are even more important as the temperature drops. The winter season can be the hardest to keep your senior horses healthy, but with proper planning and knowledge, your senior horses can stay comfortable.

Pre-Season Health Check

Senior horses require consistent care throughout the year to maintain their health and well-being, especially during challenging seasons like winter. Regular checkups with your veterinarian are essential—consider scheduling pre-season health exams to evaluate your horse’s weight and receive tailored nutritional recommendations.

Winter conditions, such as ice and snow, can make movement difficult for older horses, particularly those with joint issues. Anti-inflammatory medications can help ease discomfort in stiff, achy joints. Additionally, cataracts, a common but often overlooked issue in senior horses, can be exacerbated by snow glare, making it harder for them to see. Using a dark fly mask can help reduce glare and improve their visibility.

Dental health is another critical area to address. Older horses are more prone to dental problems that can affect their ability to chew properly, so ensure their teeth are checked and floated regularly.

Proper hoof care is equally important. Collaborate with a farrier to develop a plan for shoeing and hoof management. If your horse wears shoes, inquire about traction-enhancing

options to prevent slips on icy surfaces. Don’t forget to pick your horse’s hooves daily to remove compacted snow and ice, which can cause discomfort and instability.

Monitoring Nutrition

Supplemental hay (round or square bales) will need to be readily available to older horses since pasture grasses will not be available for grazing. When buying hay before the winter months, make sure to purchase quality hay since horses will NOT eat poor-quality hay. Even if they do eat the poorer-quality hay, older horses do not digest it as effectively as their younger counterparts. On average, horses will consume about 2% of their body weight in forage per day, but older horses will need additional hay to help increase caloric intake and keep them warm. For older horses that have dental issues and cannot chew hay, consider feeding soaked hay cubes, pellets or chopped, bagged hay products, or a complete feed. If your older horses are turned out with younger or more dominant horses, consider rearranging your turnout groups or separating your older horses during feeding times so they can receive their extra hay and grain intake.

Water is the most essential nutrient for horses, especially when their diet consists of increased hay intake, which naturally requires them to consume more water. For a 1,000-pound horse, the minimum intake should be 10-12 gallons per day for a senior horse at maintenance level. When the weather turns cold, horses typically drink less water, but this puts them at a higher risk for impaction. To encourage horses to drink water, keep sources clean, fresh, and free of ice. Ideally, keep the water temperature at 45°F, so invest in water tank heaters (meant for outdoor usage) and heated water buckets. Owners and caregivers can also add sports drinks to water buckets to encourage intake. Warm water can also be added

to your horse’s normal feed ration along with a couple of ounces of loose salt to encourage more drinking.

Staying Warm

Love them or hate them, blankets are there to keep your horses warm and dry, especially senior horses. Senior horses generally have a harder time staying warm due to health issues, metabolic changes, digestive inefficiency, and possible lower muscle mass with less fat covering as they age. Before the winter season, check all your blankets to ensure they are clean and functional. Ideally, each horse should have at least two blankets designed for the winter weather. One blanket can be lighter weight for more mild temperatures, while the other heavier weight for colder temperatures. In extreme cold an owner can double the blankets to help keep senior horses warmer especially if they do not have access to shelter.

An older horse with a good body condition score (BCS), no health issues, access to shelter, and an unclipped coat most likely does not need a blanket. If your senior horse has a clipped coat, a lower BCS, no access to shelter, or health issues that increase their caloric needs or decrease their ability to take in calories, they should be blanketed. The key is not to let your horse get too warm. Sweat underneath the blanket will be hard to dry off, causing the horse to become chilled

and start shivering, which will force a senior horse to deplete more calories as a means to maintain body temperature.

Ensuring the well-being of our senior horses during the winter months requires careful attention and proactive measures. Providing ample access to shelter, monitoring their body condition score, managing their coats, and using appropriate blankets when necessary are crucial elements in safeguarding their health and comfort. Regular veterinary check-ups, consultation with veterinarians, equine nutritionists and county extension offices are essential for tailored guidance in managing the unique needs of senior horses in winter. By implementing these recommendations, you can ensure that your beloved senior equines thrive, stay warm, and continue to enjoy their golden years.

Winter Equine Nutrition: Maintaining Your Horse’s Health and Ideal Weight

By Lauren Abbott

Nutritional needs shift with colder temperatures, and some horses may struggle to maintain an ideal body condition score (BCS) during this season. Due to this, ensuring balanced nutrition throughout winter is critical for supporting your horse’s health, whether it’s an “easy keeper” or a “hard keeper.”

Kelly R. Vineyard, Ph.D., Senior Nutritionist at Purina Animal Nutrition, helps explain key strategies and provides expert tips to ensure horses receive optimal care throughout the colder months. No matter if your horse is overweight, underweight, or a senior, a well-balanced diet is essential to supporting its health through the winter months.

Overweight and Underweight Horse Management:

Increased energy requirements for warmth, limited access to pasture, and a horse’s specific nutritional needs can complicate maintaining a balanced diet. Forage is an essential food source during the season, and any deficiencies in its quality or quantity must be addressed thoughtfully.

Many focus on the underweight or “hard keepers” throughout winter; however, Dr. Vineyard states that “60% of horses in the United States are overweight.” During winter, overweight horses still require a balance of essential nutrients to stay healthy.

Body condition scoring (BCS), a method of evaluating a horse’s fat cover on a scale of 1 to 9, is essential for managing nutrition all year long. Ideally, horses should maintain a BCS of 4-6:

• BCS 4: Slightly underweight but healthy.

• BCS 5: Ideal condition (slight fat cover without excess).

• BCS 6: Slightly overweight, often tolerable for horses going into colder months.

Horses at either end of the spectrum require specific nutritional strategies to address their needs. Managing an overweight horse during winter requires striking the right nutrition-

al balance. Many horse owners may rely solely on forage for “easy keepers” during winter.

“A common mistake is only feeding forage to overweight horses in winter. Forage is lacking in several essential vitamins and minerals,” explains Dr. Vineyard. She recommends to consider ration balancers for overweight horses, stating that, “These provide essential nutrients without adding unnecessary calories.”

Additional tips include:

• Measure Hay Intake: Account for every mouthful. Use a hay net or slow feeder to control portions to help limit total hay consumption.

• Have your hay tested: Knowing the nutritional breakdown of your hay will help you understand what nutrients your horse is getting with each flake.

• Avoid Skipping Electrolytes: Even during colder months, horses need salt to maintain hydration. “It is very important to still feed electrolytes throughout winter. Commercial salt-based electrolytes, or plain table salt, ensure hydration in winter.”

Properly managing an overweight horse’s winter diet is crucial for reducing the risk of metabolic issues while ensuring they receive the essential vitamins and minerals needed to stay healthy, especially during the colder months.

Underweight horses—or “hard keepers”—face their own set of challenges during the colder months. Maintaining warmth alone requires significant energy, which means these horses may struggle to meet their caloric needs from forage alone. For these cases, increasing caloric intake is non-negotiable.

“For hard keepers, it is never wrong to throw more hay. Still, it is important to make subtle changes, even with hay,” advises Dr. Vineyard. Gradually increase hay by small increments, such as .05-1 additional pound every 2-3 days, to prevent digestive upset. Beyond increasing forage, additional steps for supporting underweight horses can be done:

• Add Fats to Their Diet: Fats provide concentrated energy without the risk of colic associated with excessive grains.

Include vegetable oils, rice bran, or other fat-rich supplements in their diet.

• Evaluate Forage Quality: Always opt for high-quality hay and consider supplementing with alfalfa cubes or pellets. Dr. Vineyard suggests, “Senior horses who cannot chew or digest food as efficiently due to age can benefit from a complete feed or partial replacement with soaked alfalfa cubes or pellets.”

• Address Underlying Health Issues: If your horse isn’t gaining weight as expected, assess potential health challenges such as:

• Dental Problems: Worn, cracked, or missing teeth can prevent proper chewing, leading to reduced calorie intake.

• Immune Disorders or GI Health: Conditions like ulcers or malabsorption can limit nutrient absorption.

• Swallowing Disorders: Horses with physical throat restrictions may require softer forage—switching fully to soaked feeds could help.

Patience is key when making dietary adjustments. Increase up to .05 pound of forage every 2-3 days.

Senior Horse Management

Senior horses often face even greater nutritional challenges during winter, as age can reduce their ability to chew or digest like younger horses. For these horses:

• Offer Complete Feeds: Formulated complete feeds ensure they receive all essential nutrients, including the fiber needed from forage.

• Provide Multiple Meals:

“Senior horses who can no longer eat hay need 3-4 multiple feedings throughout the day” shares Dr. Vineyard.

• Transition to Soft Feeds: Soft, soaked feeds such as alfalfa pellets or cubes can benefit senior horses who can’t chew hay effectively.

While nutrition is crucial, hydration and body temperature also play vital roles. A horse generates heat during digestion—another reason quality hay is so important— but don’t forget access to

clean, unfrozen water!

Supplementing your horse’s diet with salt or electrolytes can ensure they stay hydrated. “Just make sure your electrolytes are saltbased, not sugar-based,” Dr. Vineyard notes.

A balanced winter diet is essential for all horses. Understanding your horse’s BCS, meeting its calorie requirements, and supplementing any nutritional gaps are steps every horse owner must take to ensure their equine companion thrives throughout the chilly months.

At its core, balanced winter nutrition requires thoughtful planning and careful observation. By implementing these winter nutrition strategies, you can give your horse the care and support it needs to brave the cold comfortably. Have questions or concerns about your horse’s winter nutrition plan? Don’t hesitate to speak with an equine nutritionist or reach out to your veterinarian. With the right care, your horse can thrive— no matter how chilly it gets outside!

BODY CONDITION SCORING

5. MODERATE

BODY CONDITION SCORING

BODY CONDITION

SCORING

Body condition influences everything in your horse’s life, from reproductive efficiency, to performance, to good health. By using Body Condition Scoring, you can find out what kind of shape your horse is in, and work to improve the score. Scoring focuses on critical areas of the body, based on palpable fat and visual appearance.

IDEAL SCORES

Most horses, including performance horses and growing horses, should be in a body score of 5-6. For optimum reproductive efficiency, broodmares should be a 5-7, and not allowed to lose condition such that they are below a 5 during breeding season.

Use the chart provided to keep score weekly.

Horses over a condition score of 7 may be at a greater risk for developing metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance.

1. POOR

Extremely emaciated. Spinous processes, ribs, tailhead, hip joints, and lower pelvic bones project prominently; bone in withers, shoulders and neck are easily noticed. No fatty tissue can be felt.

2. VERY THIN

Extremely emaciated. Spinous processes, ribs, tailhead, hip joints, and lower pelvic bones project prominently; bone in withers, shoulders and neck are easily noticed. No fatty tissue can be felt.

2. VERY THIN

Emaciated. Slight fat covers base of spinous processes, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae feel rounded. Spinous processes, ribs, tailhead, hip joints, and lower pelvic bones are prominent. Withers, shoulders and neck structure faintly discernable.

3. THIN

Fat buildup about halfway on spinous processes. Transverse processes cannot be felt. Slight fat covers ribs. Spinous processes and ribs easily discernable; tailhead prominent but individual vertebrae cannot be identified visually. Hip joints appear rounded but easily discernable; lower pelvic bones not distinguishable. Withers, shoulders and neck accentuated.

Back is flat; ribs easily felt, but not visually distinguishable. Fat around tailhead feels a bit spongy. Withers round over spinous processes; shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body.

5. MODERATE

Back is flat; ribs easily felt, but not visually distinguishable. Fat around tailhead feels a bit spongy. Withers round over spinous processes; shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body.

6. MODERATELY FLESHY

4. MODERATELY THIN

Slight ridge along back. Faint outline of ribs discernable. Tailhead prominence depends on conformation, but fat can be felt around it. Hip joints not discernable. Withers, shoulders and neck not obviously thin.

4. MODERATELY THIN

to Use Your Weight Tape

May have slight crease down back. Fat over ribs spongy; fat around tailhead soft. Small fat deposits behind shoulders and along sides of neck and withers.

7. FLESHY

Might have slight crease down back. Individual ribs can be felt, but noticeable filling between ribs with fat. Fat around tailhead soft; fat deposited along withers, behind shoulders and along neck.

7. FLESHY

Might have slight crease down back. Individual ribs can be felt, but noticeable filling between ribs with fat. Fat around tailhead soft; fat deposited along withers, behind shoulders and along neck.

Crease down back. Difficult to feel ribs. Fat around tailhead very soft; area along withers filled with fat. Area behind shoulder filled with fat, noticeable thickening of neck. Fat

8. FAT Crease down back. Difficult to feel ribs. Fat around tailhead very soft; area along withers filled with fat. Area behind shoulder filled with fat, noticeable thickening of neck. Fat

C. Crease down back F. Behind shoulder

A. Along the neck

B. Along the withers C. Crease down back

D. Tailhead E. Ribs F. Behind shoulder

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Keeping Horses Hydrated this Winter

By Alicia Johnson, RN, BSN

With all the winter preparations that come with equine ownership and caregiving, hydration may seem like something a horse can handle on its own. Having enough hay to get through the colder months and winterizing in general becomes a priority for most. However, access to clean, fresh, unfrozen water is vital to maintaining adequate equine hydration status, potentially making horse hydration quite the challenge this winter

In general, equines need to consume at least half a gallon to one gallon of water per 100 pounds of body weight each day. A 1,000 pound horse living in a temperate climate will need at least five to ten gallons of water daily. Many factors can influence a horse’s water intake needs, including workload, diet, access to pasture, reproductive status, and medical conditions, so it is imperative to take this into consideration when determining a horse’s hydration needs.

Just as equally important is being able to evaluate your horse’s hydration status. One way to do this is checking the horse’s mucous membranes and capillary refill time (CRT) of its gums. When hydrated, an adequate supply of oxygenated blood is pumped to all areas of the horse’s

body, and the color of its gums should be close to that of the pink color we see beneath our fingernails. Any variation in color, such as red, purple, or even pale pink or white, can indicate an internal change, such as dehydration. To check CRT, press your finger against the horse’s upper gum above the teeth, taking note if the gums are moist versus dry and tacky, and count how long it takes for the gum tissue to go from a pale, whitish color (due to the pressure of your finger) back to its original pink hue when you remove pressure. You want to see CRT being less than two seconds with moist, pink gums.

Another way to evaluate the hydration of your horse is to perform the skin tent (or skin pinch) test. To do this, hold your horse’s head up and

pinch a small portion of skin on its shoulder or neck to create a tent. Then release the skin, taking note of how quickly it returns back to its original position. A normal skin tent should snap back to its usual position immediately. If it snaps back slowly, this means the equine is mildly dehydrated. Moderate dehydration is indicated by a sluggish return to normal. If the skin tent remains raised for an extended period of time, the horse is most likely severely dehydrated. These tests are good resources for the horse owner or caregiver to evaluate hydration status; however, if they lead you to suspect your horse is dehydrated, contact your veterinarian for specific instructions on how to handle equine dehydration.

So what’s the big deal with a properly hydrated horse this winter? Well, increased water intake is the best way to decrease the chance of impaction colic. Any horse owner or caregiver who has experienced the pain, not to mention expense, of impaction colic most likely is all for decreasing the chance of it ever happening again. Unfortunately, an equine who fails to drink enough water to maintain adequate hydration status is at risk to experience impaction colic in as little as 48 hours.

Add to the threat of impaction colic the fact that during winter, horses already have a natural tendency to drink less as the temperature drops, and hydration status may instantly be at the top of your winter equine priority list. Research has shown horses prefer warm water over cold in the winter months, so many equine nutritionists recommend maintaining the horse’s

water source above freezing. If possible, a heated water source that can maintain water temperature between 45 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit is ideal. If you choose to use an electric water heater, follow all manufacturer guidelines to ensure proper installation and grounding to prevent electric shock.

If providing water at the ideal temperature is not an issue, and you simply need ways to increase your horse’s water intake, there are several ways to do so. First, simply increase the water content of your equine’s feed or hay by soaking. Add enough water to grain and feed so the consistency becomes a little more runny than oatmeal. If soaking hay, soak in cool water for 15-60 minutes but no longer, as nutritional content and fiber may become depleted. Another option to increase your horse’s water intake is to feed haylage versus hay. Haylage is a type of preserved grass and typically contains 40-60% moisture because it is allowed to wilt when cut as grass and does not dry out completely the way grass cut for hay does. Finally, adding salt or electrolyte supplements to your horse’s feed can help increase your horse’s thirst and encourage it to drink more water. As always, be sure to consult with your vet or equine nutritionist before making any changes to your equine’s feeding routine.

Barn Ventilation: The Unexpected Winter Challenge for Horse Owners

By Sharlee Shumpert

Horse owners face a unique set of challenges when winter arrives; they must make sure their horses drink water to avoid colic, they must judge whether or not to blanket their horses, they must check their horses’ hooves for packed ice to avoid bruising, and they must watch out for icy, slick footing in their horses’ lots. With so much to consider in the colder months, it is no wonder that some of the less obvious challenges of the season go unnoticed. One aspect that sometimes gets overlooked when it comes to winter maintenance is barn ventilation. Having proper airflow in a barn is essential for keeping horses healthy, and when winter descends and owners keep their equine friends in their stalls for longer periods of time, having good ventilation becomes even more important.

So why is airflow such a crucial part of keeping horses healthy? One reason is ammonia, which is a chemical compound that is responsible for the pungent, strong smell of urine. All horse owners are familiar with this smell; when stalls become soiled, the stench of ammonia quickly alerts them to the issue. The biggest problem with ammonia, however, is not the way it smells, but the negative impact it has on the equine respiratory tract. Ammonia irritates eyes and airways, making it difficult for horses to breathe. According to Dr. Courtney Shumpert, horses with compromised respiratory tracts are automatically at risk for con-

tracting other illnesses, and performance horses are more likely to suffer from exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhages due to their jeopardized airways. Removing ammonia from a barn via good airflow is key to preserving equine health, but well-meaning horse owners often shut their barns up in the winter because they want to keep their horses warm, which prevents the ammonia from escaping. In addition to this, restricted airflow threatens horses by putting them at risk for illnesses such as heaves (chronic alveolar emphysema/COPD), even when high ammonia levels are not present.

This raises a serious question: how can owners shield their horses from the elements while also maintaining proper ventilation? Dr. Kirk Shumpert offers a few tips. He advises that using fans to create airflow can help diffuse stagnant air (it is important to note that owners must be wary of the potential fire hazard that some fans can pose), and keeping stalls clean and dry will decrease the buildup of ammonia. He also says open doors where applicable and add roof vents and windows to existing structures, if possible. Horse owner Lexi Whitehead states that her barn is constructed so that the side where most of the winter elements attack from is closed off, so she keeps the other end and side open to allow for good ventilation while protecting her horses from the winter chill. However, this may not be an achievable layout for

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some horse owners, in which case, they could implement other aforementioned changes like fans and possibly roof vents.

One vital thing for horse owners to consider is that horses are able to withstand colder temperatures than people. An article from the University of Minnesota reads, “In the absence of wind and moisture, horses tolerate temperatures at or slightly below 0° Fahrenheit…horses are most comfortable between 18° and 59° Fahrenheit, depending on their hair coat.” This is because horses produce more body heat than people thanks to their size and their coats, making them naturally more well-equipped for winter than humans. While the idea of closing up a barn to make it warm for our horses sounds great in theory, the truth is that our equine

friends are not always as cold as we are. While we certainly need to keep our horses warm, we also need to provide them with healthy air to breathe. Achieving good ventilation will look different from barn to barn, but the important thing is for each horse owner and caregiver to find what works best for them so they can have warm, healthy, and happy horses all winter long.

Source: Clanton, Chuck, et al. “Caring for Your Horse in the Winter.” UMN Extension, 2022, extension.umn.edu/horse-careand-management/caring-your-horse-winter#:~:text=In%20the%20absence%20of%20wind,depending%20on%20their%20hair%20coat.

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Winter Hooves: What to Know About Winter Hoof Maintenance

By Sharlee Shumpert

Whether your pasture becomes slick with ice, blanketed in snow, or drowned with mud, taking care of your horse’s hooves in the winter will help them navigate whatever footing challenges the season presents. Hoof maintenance may not be the first thing that comes to mind when you think of caring for your horse, but it is an extremely important part of keeping your horse healthy. A horse’s hooves bear, on average, somewhere between 900 to 1,200 pounds, even though the average horse foot is only two-and-a-half to four inches long. Maintaining

your horse’s tiny, incredible feet is vital for their well-being, and making sure they have healthy hooves during wintertime is crucial.

While not a hard and fast rule, horses’ hooves do tend to grow more slowly in the winter; however, they do grow continuously all year long. In summertime, hooves need trimming every six weeks according to farrier team Tony and Felicia Bailey, but sometimes trims can be scheduled for every seven or eight weeks, in the winter if the horse’s feet are growing more slowly. Shod horses need a reset every

five to six weeks generally, but this depends on each horse’s unique needs; factors like job type, medical conditions, and breed can impact a horse’s individual hoof growth rate and influence how frequently a horse needs to be reset. Horses with health issues, especially those with problems that pertain to their hooves such as laminitis, may need special shoeing considerations during the winter. Older horses may also have special shoeing needs to help them keep their grip on frozen ground.

When it comes to maintenance besides scheduled shoeing, there are many things you can do to keep your equine partner’s feet clean and healthy. The easiest way to start is by picking your horse’s feet out; after that, you can use a brush to gently clean around the bulb of the foot. You can also brush the creases clean alongside the frog of the foot, and you can brush around the coronet band to stimulate hoof growth. One of the most important things you can do during the winter months is monitor for thrush, which is a common bacterial infection that afflicts the frog of a horse’s foot. Thrush has a distinctive rotten-egg smell that will alert you to the bacteria’s presence, and there are many treatments available to remedy the problem such as Kopertox and Durvet Thrush Rid. Thrush mainly occurs during cold and rainy seasons, so checking for thrush is a vital part of winter maintenance.

To help with overall hoof health, horse owners can apply hoof oil to seal their horse’s feet and prevent chipping and cracking. Feed stores often have multiple choices for hoof care, so owners can pick and choose products that suit their horse’s needs. Mineral blocks are another fantastic way to give your horse a boost of minerals and vitamins that will help them grow healthy hooves, and they are also widely available at feed stores. Some minerals that particularly help with horse hooves are zinc and copper; which can be found in both mineral blocks and supplement powders. Online stores also offer large selections of horse-health products.

When it comes to the importance of winter hoof maintenance, Felicia Bailey puts it beautifully: “Wintertime hoof care is essential for a pasture horse or a performance horse. No hoof, no horse. Keep them healthy!” Indeed, from the competition horse to the pasture ornament, all horses need a little attention during the winter to keep their hooves looking nice and healthy. Caring for your horse’s feet ensures happy trails all season long.

A special thanks to Felicia and Tony Bailey for their tips and advice.

Safe winter rides with Scootboot

Scootboots™ with Ice Studs optimize traction on wet grass, icy paths, and snowy trails. Unlike traditional shoes that can collect snow and form damaging ice balls, Scootboots™ stay lightweight, dry, and comfortable—letting you enjoy winter rides to the fullest.

Reducing Ice and Winter Pasture Injuries in Horses

By Kyla Szemplinski, MS, UT TSU Shelby County Extension

Old Man Winter has arrived, bringing with him a wintry mix of cold weather, snow, rain, and ice. While winter weather can be thrilling for some, it presents unique challenges for horse owners who must face freezing temperatures, icy conditions, and snow. Ice and snow aren’t just hazardous for humans—they can be equally dangerous for horses. Icy pastures are especially risky, as they can lead to serious accidents if left unmanaged. Horses can easily find themselves in precarious situations when ice spreads unchecked across their grazing areas. However, with proper winter weather management, horse owners and riders can significantly reduce the risk of injuries and ensure their equine companions stay safe throughout the season.

Pasture and Turnout Area Management Steps

It is still important for horses to have access to some pasture and turnout areas in order to provide stimulation and exercise, even in cold and icy conditions. To prevent pasture and turnout injuries due to ice and snow, there are management practices owners should implement before the winter season.

• Install or upgrade gutters to direct water away from doors used by humans and horses, horse pathways, turnout shed openings, and paddocks. Make sure gutters are clean and working well before winter weather hits.

• Create trenches to help drain water away from traffic areas, gates, and doorways.

• Purchase pet-friendly ice melt to spread in high-traffic human and horse areas. Pet-friendly ice melt can be found and purchased at your local livestock feed supplier.

• Clear away and level the dirt around gates so they will easily open and swing.

• Put gravel on both sides of your gates to encourage drainage and reduce mud that holds water, which leads to icing.

• Ensure hay feeders and grain feeders are under covered shelters with ground coverings designed for high-traffic areas.

• Make sure all automatic waterers’ pipe systems are designed to withstand below-freezing temperatures to avoid burst water pipes. Ensure water sources are under

cover or have a cover that still allows horses to access water when needed.

• Importantly, if pipes are not designed for below-freezing temperatures, shut them off before freezing temperatures and switch to manual waterers. Consider upgrading piping systems during the spring/summer months.

All-Weather Paddock Surfaces

Wet conditions from rain, snow, and ice in high-traffic areas can create heavily muddy spots that turn into fields of ice, resembling an ice-skating rink. To avoid such hazards, owners should consider investing in resurfacing with all-weather paddock surfaces. A successful all-weather paddock is a multi-layer construction project. It involves a packed sub-surface of native subgrade as a foundation for a hard-base layer. These two layers provide stability for a mud-free and even surface for horses. The surface footing layer should be cushioned to ensure comfort. For more information about all-weather paddock surfaces, please check out Penn State Extension’s page, “Construction of Equine All-Weather Paddocks for Mud-Free Management”: https://extension.psu.edu/construction-of-equine-all-weather-paddocks-for-mud-free-management#:~:text=Horses%20 turned%20out%20individually%20will,for%20a%20one%2Dhorse%20paddock.

Pasture and Turnout Shelters

One of the most critical management steps horse owners can take to prevent ice and winter pasture injuries is to provide sufficient shelter. Pasture shelters should be well-ventilated, dry, have safe, comfortable footing, and be large enough to accommodate every horse in your pasture. Shelters should also have three walls and an open front to allow free entry and exit. When constructing a shelter, make sure it is durable enough to withstand inclement weather, easy to repair, and safe.

As for size, it depends on the number of horses using the shelter as well as the size of the horses. The general guidelines for shelter dimensions include:

• Height: at least 10 feet high

• Depth: at least 20 feet deep

• Total area: 100 square feet per young horse and 120-150 square feet per mature horse. If horses do not get along or are larger, provide an additional 60 square feet to the shelter.

Horse Management Steps

Steps to ensure your horse remains comfortable during freezing temperatures and to reduce injuries include picking its feet daily to remove snow and ice, making sure blankets fit correctly and switching them out when they get wet, avoiding dumping water buckets where ice can build up in traffic areas, removing snow from paths and gateways, and clearing snow in an area where runoff will not impact high-traffic areas.

Caring for horses during the winter involves more labor, but the long-term results can help minimize winter-related injuries. If you have any questions about winter management and reducing ice or winter injuries, please contact your county’s Extension office.

A More Enjoyable Ride:

StressLess® Equine Calming Supplement

By Lauren Abbott

Courtney Waskiewicz, Brand Ambassador for StressLess Equine Calming Supplement.

By Shannon Brinkman Photo

Stress In Horses

Horses, like humans, experience stress and anxiety in various situations, from intensive training sessions to high-pressure competitions or even routine travel. For horse owners and trainers, managing these challenges effectively and safely is a crucial part of ensuring their equine companions thrive. That’s where StressLess® Equine Calming Supplement comes in—a revolutionary product designed to naturally alleviate stress and help horses stay composed while maintaining peak performance.

Developed by veterinarians and equine experts, StressLess® is specifically crafted to enhance focus, improve behavior, and support overall equine well-being. But what truly sets this supplement apart? It’s the personal stories from individuals who have witnessed its remarkable impact on their horses firsthand. Betty Ledyard and Courtney Waskiewicz shared their honest experiences with StressLess®, offering invaluable insights into this innovative product.

For Betty Ledyard, President and Founder of Centerline Distribution, the exclusive U.S. distributor of StressLess® Equine Calming Supplement, the supplement isn’t just a product—it’s a solution that transformed her relationship with her horse, Mr. Nibbles. Talking candidly, she shared her story:

“I had a very difficult horse. He was a PMU rescue from Canada, a two-year-old completely unbroken horse with significant trust issues and stress. From the beginning, it was clear he had enormous talent, but also a lot of tension. He was mistrustful, tense, and even dangerous in medical situations,” Betty explained.

Faced with these behavioral challenges, Betty’s veterinarian introduced her to StressLess®. Skeptical at first, she tried it as a last resort. The results were nothing short of incredible.

“The transformation was amazing—within about five days, my horse relaxed completely. He became receptive to training, and his progress skyrocketed. He went from being that unhandled, nervous rescue to competing and winning down in Wellington at Prix St. Georges. StressLess® made all the difference, not only in his training but in our ability to bond and work together harmoniously.”

Stories like Betty’s highlight how StressLess® truly stands apart from traditional calming supplements, which often rely on B12 and magnesium but tend to deliver inconsistent results.

For Courtney Waskiewicz, Brand Ambassador and a seasoned upper-level event trainer who juggles managing a barn of 13 horses with her full-time job as a middle school history teacher, StressLess® has become an indispensable part of her

Betty Ledyard, President and Founder of Centerline Distribution, the exclusive U.S. distributor of StressLess® Equine Calming Supplement.

training regimen. Courtney described her initial hesitation:

“Like anyone who’s tried a million products, I was skeptical. I’ve used everything—calming syrups, lavender oils, you name it—and nothing provided lasting results. I figured StressLess® would just be another experiment to add to my feed room.”

However, once she incorporated StressLess® into her program, Courtney saw a dramatic transformation in her horses, particularly with one notoriously “quirky” mare:

“Within two weeks, the shift was incredible. Before StressLess®, I couldn’t even canter my mare down the long side

“The transformation was amazing within about five days, my horse relaxed completely. He became receptive to training, and his progress skyrocketed. He went from being that unhandled, nervous rescue to competing and winning down in Wellington at Prix St. Georges. StressLess® made all the difference, not only in his training but in our ability to bond and work together harmoniously.”

- Betty Ledyard, President and Founder of Centerline Distribution

Courtney Waskiewicz, Upper-level Event Trainer and Brand Ambassador. Photo Courtesy of StressLess Calming Supplement.

without her spooking sideways or swapping leads. After starting the supplement, she became so much more manageable and focused. It genuinely made riding a joy again—it took the stress out of training for both of us.”

Courtney’s experience doesn’t just speak to the effectiveness of the product—it underscores its ability to promote harmony and productivity within a training program, even for horses with unique behavioral challenges.

“StressLess® gave my horses the balance they needed. They were calm yet alert, focused without being sluggish— exactly what you need for Upper-Level Eventing. Knowing my horses are in the right frame of mind has allowed me to truly enjoy training and competing.”

What Sets StressLess® Apart?

The secret to StressLess®’s success lies in its carefully crafted formula and innovative approach to equine stress management. Unlike herbal supplements that can cause drowsiness, StressLess® leverages casein, a natural protein derived from cow’s milk using a chemical-free process. Casein is renowned for its stress-reducing properties—it works by interacting with the equine brain to alleviate anxiety and tension without impacting energy levels or motor function.

According to StressLess® website (https://stresslesshorsesupplement.com) what sets it apart in the equine supplement market include:

Enhances Focus and Receptivity: StressLess® promotes clarity and calmness, making horses more attuned to cues and training. This ensures they’re not only alert and ready to perform but also cooperative and responsive.

Safe and Non-Addictive: The supplement is free of harmful herbs, preservatives, and lactose, ensuring it’s safe for long-term use. StressLess® does not sedate or impair horses and is non-addictive, making it suitable for horses of all ages and disciplines.

Natural and Effective: The active ingredient, casein, is processed enzymatically to maintain its natural properties. This safe, chemical-free process ensures optimal results for calming behavior.

Palatable and Easy to Use: StressLess® features a natural apple flavor that horses love, making it easy to incorporate into regular feeding routines.

Proven Results: The supplement delivers measurable changes in equine behavior. From better focus in training to lower levels of reactivity during competitions, horse owners and trainers widely report the effective impact of StressLess®.

Real Results, Real Impact

Courtney Waskiewicz competing.

Photo Courtesy of StressLess Calming Supplement.

One of the most powerful pieces of evidence for StressLess®’s efficacy lies in the stories of horse owners who’ve witnessed its impact firsthand. For Courtney, the supplement’s benefits became even more evident during a rare lapse in supply:

“I ran out of StressLess® once right before a competition, and it was like night and day,” she recalled. “I have a video where my mare goes across the diagonal, plants her feet, and

stands on her hind legs in defiance. I immediately reordered StressLess®, and after two weeks back on it, she delivered our best performance to date, scoring in the low thirties.”

Courtney’s story illuminates the supplement’s capacity to create an environment where horses can thrive, ultimately making training safer, more efficient, and more enjoyable for everyone involved.

StressLess® continues to garner praise as a trusted partner for equine health and performance. Whether you’re an everyday rider, a veterinarian, or a professional trainer, this product offers a safe, reliable way to support horses’ well-being and maximize their potential.

Horses thrive when mental well-being and physical performance are in balance—StressLess® ensures riders and horses can enjoy a partnership built on trust, calmness, and focus.

To learn more and explore how StressLess® can help promote calmness and balance in your horse’s daily life visit: https://stresslesshorsesupplement.com. Orders can be placed through https://centerlinedistribution.net or Amazon.

For more success stories listn to The Horse Review’s latest Horse Talk Podcast Conversation with the StressLess Team: Betty Ledyard and Courtney Waskiewicz. Scan QR Code to listen now:

Bill, Gage, and Angela Hudson

Inside the World of Rodeo Production

By Sharlee Shumpert

What goes on behind the scenes of rodeo?

When people think of a night at the rodeo, they typically imagine cheering for cowboys and cowgirls, enjoying burgers, and singing along to classic country songs while a clown jokes with the crowd. What they may not imagine is the hard work, long hours, and meticulous planning that goes into producing such an event. When a rodeo producer thinks of a night at the rodeo, he or she thinks of moving livestock, managing the performance, and striking the setup at the end of the show. Mr. Bill Hudson, Owner and Co-founder of Double Creek Rodeo Company (DCR), knows a thing or two about putting on a rodeo. Since 2005, he has been creating stages on dirt for cowboys and cowgirls in the southern United States, clearing the rodeo trail for contestants to follow. Here is what goes into a Double Creek Rodeo production!

Mr. Hudson, a bull and saddle bronc rider, co-founded DCR with his hauling partner Johnny Luker. Mr. Hudson says he loved the experience of traveling, as so many cowboys do, and that becoming a rodeo producer was a good fit for him because it permitted him to travel. The company calls Eutaw, Alabama, home, and every year, Double Creek produces anywhere from fifteen to eighteen rodeos. Astonishingly, while preparation for existing rodeos begins six to eight months in advance, preparation for a new rodeo takes place twelve to fourteen months before the event! DCR’s season lasts from January to mid-November, and they have, at a minimum, one rodeo each month, although sometimes they have up to three. From January to March, their productions are held in Mississippi and Tennessee in indoor buildings, and then from April to August, they have outdoor rodeos in Arkansas, Tennessee,

Alabama, and Georgia. After August, they return to covered and indoor pens in Georgia and Mississippi. Mr. Hudson says the setup for a rodeo depends on each unique location, but typically, DCR brings their own portable arena (so they can include bucking chutes and roping boxes) and their own portable bleachers. Sometimes, they also have to bring their own lighting, power, and water sources. On the Monday before the rodeo, the Double Creek crew sets up, and the stock arrives on Thursday. Saturday night after the final contestants compete, the stock is taken home, and the arena is struck on both Saturday night and Sunday.

“All of our Double Creek rodeos are fundraisers for some organization. We help raise money for fire departments, police, veterans, youth groups, cattlemen, and special needs kids. So, for me, owning a rodeo company is a way to give back and help other people.”

- Bill Hudson, owner and co-founder of Double Creek Rodeo Company

Double Creek Rodeo Company

From left to right-Angela, Gage, Bill Hudson

When it comes to livestock, Double Creek Rodeo owns and has partnerships on their bucking horses and bulls. Some of their top-notch bucking horses have bucked at the PCFR and the SPFR, and some of their stellar bulls have qualified for the IFR, SRSA Finals, and the SPFR. Their timed-event cattle are individually leased from subcontractors, depending on where the rodeo is. Mr. Hudson says that it takes tremendous work to feed, care for, and transport all the Double Creek animals, but he says that the DCR crew does a fantastic job and enjoys maintaining the stock.

When asked what the best part of owning a rodeo company is, Mr. Hudson states, “All of our Double Creek rodeos are fundraisers for some organization. We help raise money for fire departments, police, veterans, youth groups, cattlemen, and special needs kids. So, for me, owning a rodeo company is a way to give back and help other people.” He also says that starting each rodeo with a prayer and national anthem is one of the best parts. Interestingly, Double Creek rodeos feature quite a few pyrotechnics in the opening ceremonies, and this is because Mr. Hudson is a retired Army Veteran who worked with explosives. He says, “Most of the pyrotechnics that we use are purchased pre-packaged and ready for use, but some of the ‘explosives’ I still build and rig myself. I believe the pyro adds a cool dimension that other rodeo companies do not have.” Indeed, the exciting pre-show is a hallmark of DCR productions!

Double Creek Rodeo, at its heart, is produced by a “rodeo family” of friends and employees, according to Mr. Hudson. His wife, Angela, is a successful barrel racer, and his son, Gage, is both a rough stock contestant and a roper. Ms. Angela says the easy part of rodeo is the production everyone sees, and Mr. Bill comments that much of his time is occupied with emails, determining production costs, and coordinating with rodeo committees and sponsors. He explains, “Most people don’t realize or understand that there is a business side to rodeo [and] without the business side, there cannot be the actual rodeo.” Double Creek Rodeo Company was voted the 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2021 SPRA Stock Contractor of the Year, so it seems Mr. Hudson handles the business side of rodeo pretty well! Backstage at a DCR event, one will find many passionate individuals who love the sport of rodeo hard at work. Their dedication to producing great shows continues to propel the company forward, and if the history books are anything to go by, contestants are sure to make a stop on the rodeo trail at the next Double Creek production.

Photo by Lauren Abbott

Angela Hudson

Dragging the Dirt: Inside the World of Tractor Drivers

by Sharlee Shumpert

Nowadays, the whirring of the tractor has become a mainstay sound at equestrian sporting events. The green John Deere and the orange Kubota can often be seen sitting beside or against the railing of an arena, waiting to perform their necessary part in the show. When it comes to hosting horse competitions of any kind, the ground must be attended to for the safety of both the horses and the riders, and tractors undoubtedly provide the quickest and best method of working the dirt. Working the ground before, during, and even after an event can be a long and tiring job, especially when a competition has several hundred entries or has a slack round following a rodeo performance; those who step up to the task of dragging the dirt fill a hugely important role in the Western

sports industry. Before a horse hoof ever touches an arena, tractor drivers make sure the dirt has been worked for the sake of the contestants. Here is a behind-the-scenes look into the world of tractor drivers!

Travis Childress is a longtime tractor driver who got his start at local barrel races. He says he first helped prep for shows at a Midsouth arena called Coyote Run, and it was not long before he was asked to travel to Ardmore, Oklahoma, to work the prestigious Jud Little Barrel Race. To prepare for a show, Travis says he and whatever ground crew he is working with begin by ripping up all of the dirt in the arena. Then, once they have gone over the ground with the ripper teeth of their drags, they work to smooth the dirt out. Once these initial steps are

complete, they drag the dirt every five competition runs. When working barrel races, they try to drag directly over the spots in the dirt where the barrels sit in order to keep the ground level around the pattern. In Travis’ opinion, the key to good ground is to rip up any hardpans in an arena and to keep the dirt properly hydrated so that it holds together well. He says that sandy pens require more water to hold together than dirt pens and if a pen does not have enough water, the ground will become very slick. Travis usually uses a ninety horsepower John Deere tractor and a Reveal arena drag when he is working, stating John Deere tractors and Reveal 4-N-1 drags are his favorite pieces of equipment. When it comes to ground safety, Travis says, “What makes good, safe ground important is the safety of the competitors and horses. When I drag arenas, I want the ground to be as equal as possible from the start to the end of the barrel race to ensure every competitor has the same chance.” Travis’ favorite event he has ever worked is the All American Youth Barrel Race, and his favorite part of being a tractor driver is “being able to make the ground good enough for any horse to lay down a smoking run.”

Chuck Bari describes his start in tractor driving like this: “I walked by the tractors at a show and said, ‘I sure would like to pull one of those Reveals sometime.’ Five minutes later, they had me on the tractor.” He states good ground is ground that is safe and consistent and if the ground is workable, it can be made good with enough time and water. According to Mr. Bari, ground that is too dry will not hold horses, and just like Travis, he agrees that ground that is too wet will become slick. His preferred equipment is a six series John Deere tractor and a

Reveal 4-N-1 arena drag with a laser. When it comes to safe ground, Chuck says, “It is paramount that the ground is good and safe. Everyone should be able to walk away and go home to their family.” Mr. Bari worked as a tractor driver at the International Finals Rodeo (IFR) for several years, and says that the IFR made for some of the best watching. He also enjoys working the futurity races early in the year to see how the new crop of barrel horses will do throughout the competition season. Chuck’s favorite part of being a tractor driver is the camaraderie he experiences among his fellow staff members and the contestants.

Tractor drivers provide a crucial service to Western sporting events, A good tractor driver is an invaluable asset to any production company, and training new people for the job is vital to continuously delivering safe and fair ground to contestants and their equine partners. The importance of good dirt cannot be emphasized enough, and having tractor drivers who are not only knowledgeable but also committed to the safety of the athletes is a blessing to the entire industry. Just as football fields, ice-skating rinks, and basketball courts all need to be maintained for the well-being of those using them, arenas need to be properly cared for. The profession of tractor driving is becoming more prevalent than ever before, and recognizing the importance of the job will help propel the Western sports industry to even greater heights.

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Seeking an experienced intermediate/ advanced english or western working student or farm worker to help out with horses in Eads, TN. This includes cleaning stalls, feeding, hay, turnout, grooming, etc. Must be experienced horse handler. Will consider board on your own horse or supervised rides/ coaching/showing on one of our awesome farm horses if a good fit. Morning shifts available several days during the week. Resumes required for consideration. Please email:

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