April 2025 Digital Edition

For the Everyday Equestrian

April 2025

Cover Story:

Celebrating the North American Cowgirl

The Nutrition Issue

Cover Photography by Teri Cage

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Publisher’s Note

Dear Readers, Subscribers, and Fellow Equestrians, At The Horse Review, we strive to celebrate the spirit of the equestrian community and the remarkable stories that bring us together. This month, I’m delighted to share some exciting news with you as we welcome two incredible additions to The Horse Review Team. Their passion for the equine world, combined with their unparalleled expertise, is sure to enrich our team and bring fresh perspectives to our work.

First, please join me in welcoming Brittany Whiting to The Horse Review Team as an Advertising Sales Consultant!

Based on California’s picturesque Central Coast, Brittany’s equestrian background is diverse. With experience competing in Hunter/Jumpers, Dressage, and Eventing, and over 12 years in equestrian media sales and marketing, Brittany has built trusted relationships within the equine community.

Her wealth of knowledge, media expertise, and dedication to supporting equestrian brands make her an incredible addition to our team.

Brittany’s love for the sport is exemplified not only through her career but also through her time spent with Metro, her beloved Holsteiner gelding. Whether she’s offering expert body clipping services through her business, Equine Clips, or exploring the globe with her adventurous spirit, Brittany’s enthusiasm for the equestrian world is truly infectious.

Next, we are thrilled to welcome Tara O’Grady as our

Tara competing in Three-Day Eventing

second new Advertising Sales Consultant. Tara’s equestrian experience spans over 25 years as a coach, trainer, and competitive event rider. Her knowledge of the sport is vast, ranging from her passion for Eventing and Dressage to her work with OTTBs and young horses. With her experience as a certified Saddle Fitter, Equine Massage Therapist, and top sales representative at SmartPak, Tara brings unparalleled depth to our team.

Based in Ocala, Florida, Tara’s career has been shaped by working alongside Olympic coaches, top riders, and leading equestrian professionals. Her dedication to supporting the equestrian community, paired with her talent for building meaningful relationships, makes her a perfect fit for helping equine brands connect with their audiences. Outside the barn, you’ll find her surfing, hiking, or enjoying the company of her beloved dogs.

Brittany and Tara embody what The Horse Review stands for—passion, expertise, and a deep sense of community.

Their understanding of the equestrian world and commitment to supporting businesses and individuals alike will play a pivotal role in connecting brands with you, our exceptional audience we serve.

We’re beyond excited to see the impact Brittany and Tara will have working with equestrian brands and helping them reach new clients. Please join me in giving them both a warm welcome to The Horse Review family!

Lauren Abbott Publisher & President

Brittany and Metro

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Horse Health

Bleeding in Horses: What You Need to Know About EIPH

By Sharlee Shumpert

“Bleeding” is a common term in the horse world; whether you are dealing with Quarter horses, Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds, or any other breed of horse, you are bound to hear people refer to this common ailment. But what are they talking about? “Bleeding” in horses refers to exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhages, or EIPH. This is a condition where miniscule alveoli sacs in a horse’s lungs burst while they are exerting themselves, resulting in blood seeping into their lungs and sometimes coming out of their noses and mouths. It is a problem that a large percentage of horses contend with; although sources disagree on how great a percentage this actually is, they usually estimate that around 50% of horses experience EIPH, and some articles claim that all of them do. In this article, we will dive into the cause of EIPH before examining diagnosis, prevention, and treatment options.

bleed; age, physical condition, temperature, and air quality are just a few of them. In general, horses that are old, out of shape, or have compromised respiratory systems are more at risk for bleeding. Racing in cold weather (below 20° C) also increases the risk of bleeding, and oddly enough, male horses are more likely to bleed than female horses. According to the paper “Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage” published by Mississippi State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine*, EIPH is not as directly tied to duration of activity as it is to the intensity of activity, and it is believed to be a progressive disease. This means that minor EIPH attacks probably will not hinder the length of a horse’s career in the long run, but horses with major EIPH episodes will suffer from shortened careers. However, minor EIPH attacks have the potential to lead to substantial EIPH if not noticed and treated, so they should still be taken very seriously.

What causes EIPH?

How is EIPH diagnosed?

EIPH is usually caused by exertion during exercise, and it is not exclusive to horses. Although it is rare, humans can experience EIPH, and other racing animals Section Sponsored By: such as Greyhounds also experience it. There are many factors that impact a horse’s likelihood to

EIPH is commonly diagnosed by an endoscope that is inserted into the horse’s airway shortly after they compete.

The presence of blood in the trachea or bronchi leads to the diagnosis of this disease. Epistaxis, or blood coming out of the nostrils, is typically an indication of EIPH, but it can be caused by other conditions and should not be assumed to always indicate EIPH. It is also worth noting that epistaxis does not occur in every horse with EIPH; a horse may have

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blood in their airways that can only be seen with an endoscope, but internal bleeders are still bleeders. Horse owners should be on the lookout for outward indications of bleeding, especially since all horses will not present with epistaxis. An unusual dip in performance quality is often an external indication of EIPH, and so are sudden refusals to enter the arena or dangerous behaviors such as rearing up that are uncharacteristic of the horse. However, the biggest indication of bleeding is undoubtedly coughing—even if blood does not come out of their nose, a bleeding horse will often cough after they compete due to the blood in their airway, and this is a hallmark sign of EIPH. When an owner observes their horse exhibiting any of these behaviors, they should investigate further immediately; the earlier EIPH is caught, the better.

Prevention and Treatment for EIPH

What can be done to curb this disease? The most common form of prevention is the drug furosemide, known by its brand name Lasix (the name comes from the fact that its effects last for six hours). It is a loop diuretic that acts on the kidneys, meaning it decreases the amount of water in the

body, therefore lessening the pressure in the horse’s blood vessels and reducing the risk of bleeding. It is given a few hours (two to four is typical) before a show so that it has time to take effect. Lasix works by inducing urination, so it is important to keep horses on the drug hydrated while also not undoing the work of the diuretic. Some riders give their horses electrolytes after they run on Lasix to replenish any electrolytes lost. The use of Lasix can be controversial in the horse world, but it is currently the only preventive drug on the market for EIPH. Giving a horse Lasix does not ensure it will never bleed again, but it does significantly lower the likelihood of EIPH attacks. It must be prescribed by a veterinarian, and responsible use of Lasix is extremely important; however, when used correctly, it is an invaluable drug that can help horses afflicted with EIPH. Other than furosemide, the prevention options for bleeding are slim. Keeping a horse in good shape and reducing their water intake before competition can potentially decrease the risk of EIPH, but these are not guarantees. After a minor EIPH incident, a horse may be able to return to the arena shortly, but those with significant bleeding attacks will usu

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ally be prescribed three to six months off by a vet to allow their lungs time to heal. Antibiotics and steroids are often given to help clear up any infection in the lungs caused by EIPH. Bleeding may be common in the equine industry, but that does not mean it cannot be successfully managed. As horse owners equip themselves with knowledge about this disease and learn to identify the signs of EIPH, we can expect to see fewer and fewer competition horses going untreated. While we may never be able to completely eliminate bleeding, we can certainly manage and treat it so that it is nothing but a small bump in the road for both horse and rider. Day by day, we can create a world of healthier, happier horses. *Graves, Summer Walton. “Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage.” Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

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Horse Health

Section Sponsored By:

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Breeding: Creating the Next Generation of Horses

By Sharlee Shumpert

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pril is here, and with the arrival of spring comes the equine breeding season. Typically, the breeding season lasts roughly from spring to the end of summer, and this approximately coincides with the foaling season. As horse owners around the world breed their mares and welcome new foals, it is the perfect time to explore what goes into creating the next generation of horses.

How to Prepare a Mare for Breeding Season When an owner decides to breed their mare, there are many steps they can take to increase the likelihood of a successful conception and pregnancy.

Maintaining a healthy body condition is very important, as both obesity and malnutrition can greatly affect a mare’s reproductive capabilities. Overweight mares can encounter issues such as decreased fertility, abnormal cycles, and foaling complications while underweight mares can run into problems like slower ovulation rates, premature embryo loss, and possible stuntings of their fetuses due to lack of resources.

To ensure that a proper body condition is maintained, horse owners should supply a well-rounded diet of forage and feed, with good-quality forage constituting most of the diet. Supplements

may be added to provide other vitamins and minerals, and exercise should be incorporated into the mare’s routine.

Some breeders will also use lights in their mare’s stall to simulate the sun, which helps the mare ovulate earlier and at a predictable rate.

Options for Breeding

Once the mare is ready to be bred, there are two main options for breeding: natural cover or artificial insemination. Natural cover, which simply means that the mare and stallion reproduce without AI, comes in several varieties. Hand mating, a technique which involves a handler for both mare and stallion, is widely used, but so is pasture breeding, which involves just turning a stallion free with a herd of mares.

Hand mating allows an owner to have an exact conception date while pasture breeding does not; however, pasture

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breeding poses fewer safety risks to people even though it prevents the owner from knowing if and when a mare was bred. Artificial insemination is becoming an increasingly popular method of equine reproduction, especially in the performance horse world, because it eliminates the risk of the mare and stallion harming each other while breeding and allows for more foals to be conceived. AI can be accomplished with fresh, cooled, or frozen semen, and which one is used often depends on the stallion. Choosing which reproduction method is right for a particular mare comes down to her medical history, age, and any safety concerns her owner may have. Breeding options can also be limited depending on the kind of horse; for example, Thoroughbred foals can only be registered if they are the product of natural cover.

Confirming Pregnancy

Of course, once a mare has been bred, confirming her pregnancy is of utmost importance. Typically, an ultrasound is used to do this, as it can detect the presence of a foal extremely early on. Other methods for confirming a pregnancy include blood testing, hormone testing, and rectal palpation.

Follow-up ultrasounds should be scheduled to check on the foal and make sure the pregnancy is ongoing, and the mare’s body condition should be carefully observed to maintain an ideal weight. Exercise should still be a regular part of a pregnant mare’s schedule, and while exercise is definitely recom-

mended to be limited during the final trimester, bred mares can actually exercise fairly normally until they approach the end of their pregnancy. As she carries the foal to term, the mare’s calorie intake should increase to ensure she is receiving enough nutrients, and health-related maintenance like deworming and up-to-date vaccinations should be taken care of well before the foal arrives.

Welcoming Foals

When it comes time for the foal to be born, owners should make sure the mare has a safe, well-kept, and preferably private area to give birth. Horses are prey animals, so their instincts will motivate them to have their babies away from all potential threats, and that may include their owners. Some people place cameras in their mare’s stall to try to watch the birthing process from afar, but ultimately, foaling happens relatively quickly when all goes well, with the actual delivery of the foal taking around half an hour. Once the foal is born, it should be able to stand within the first hour, should be nursing by hour two, and should defecate for the first time by hour three. Also by hour three, the mare should deliver her placenta. If any of these milestones do not occur close to schedule, a veterinarian should be called immediately. It is wise for horse owners to have an emergency vet in mind in case something goes wrong, and it is important to note that not all equine vets work as emergency vets; owners should

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have the number of a designated emergency vet on hand, and they should know if their chosen vet visits clients’ homes or operates at a facility that the foal and mare will have to be hauled to.

A healthy mare will dry off her foal using her tongue, and a healthy foal will know how to nurse. Owners eager to meet the foal may be able to do so soon after the foal is born depending on the mood of the mother.

If a mare is hesitant about sharing her foal, it is best not to force her to, as she will likely allow the foal near her owner once she decides it is safe.

The most important thing any horse owner can do during the breeding process is have a good relationship with a veterinarian.

By reporting any concerning behaviors, asking questions, and following instructions, owners can help minimize the risks associated with pregnancy and keep their mares healthy. Horse breeding is an adventure from beginning to end, but by using proper knowledge and attention, owners can greatly lessen the unknown and participate in the miracle of creating life.

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Focus: Nutrition

A Fresh Start to Equine Nutrition This Spring

By Lauren Abbott

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pring is a season of renewal, not just for nature but also for your horse’s nutritional plan. As winter ends and spring begins, horse owners face unique challenges transitioning from winter feeding routines to the demands of spring. Understanding the specific needs of your horse during this seasonal shift is critical to their overall health and performance. Whether you’re managing a competition horse or a pasture companion, evaluating their nutritional status now can set them up for success year-round.

Winter often leaves horses in varying states of body con-

dition. Some may emerge lean after months of energy depletion, while others might be overweight due to reduced activity and over-supplementing. Both scenarios introduce different risks as we head into spring pastures rich in nutrients. Here’s a closer look at common equine nutritional concerns and how you can address them with care and precision.

1. Equine Metabolic Syndrome and Over-Conditioning: For horses carrying extra weight post-winter, spring grasses can exacerbate health issues. Rich in non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) like sugars and starch, early spring pastures pose a particular risk for horses with Equine Metabolic Syn-

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drome (EMS). This condition promotes insulin resistance and predisposes horses to laminitis, a painful and potentially life-threatening hoof condition.

“Spring grass can be treacherous for horses that struggle with EMS,” warns Kentucky Equine Research (KER).

“Managing turnout times, using grazing muzzles, or supplementing with low-NSC diets can help mitigate the risks.”

To prevent over-conditioning, limit your horse’s intake of lush pasture, and focus on forage options with lower sugar content. For horses prone to these issues, a balancer designed specifically for metabolic concerns, such as a specialized low-starch feed or ration balancers, is a solid choice.

2. Poor Body Condition and Energy Deficiency: Alternatively, some horses leave winter underweight, often lacking the energy reserves they need to thrive. Horses in poor body condition may have relied too heavily on fat and muscle stores over the winter, leading to weakness, poor coat quality, and reduced stamina in spring.

“Calories alone aren’t the solution,” says Purina’s equine nutritionist Dr. Robert Jacobs. “A combination of high-quality forage, controlled energy sources, and essential proteins is necessary to support healthy weight gain and sustain energy levels.”

To help an underweight horse recover, consider gradually increasing forage intake and incorporating calorie-dense feeds with Premium-quality sources with balanced amino acid profiles, designed to support muscle tone and enhance

overall performance, all in a carefully crafted moderate-protein formula. These feeds offer a blend of controlled sugars, fats, and proteins to aid in safe, sustained weight gain.

3. Protein Imbalances for Developing Horses: For growing horses or those recovering from physical stress, spring is a crucial time to evaluate their protein intake.

Developmental orthopedic diseases (DOD), such as limb deformities or joint disorders, can arise from imbalanced protein intake during critical growth phases.

“High-quality protein is key for bone development in young horses,” explains experts at Triumph Feeds. “Be sure to select feeds that list lysine, methionine, and threonine among the guaranteed nutritional components.”

A ration balancer can provide essential amino acids to support your horse’s muscle and skeletal health without adding unnecessary calories.

4. Digestive Health and Digestive Issues: Spring grasses are not only rich in sugars but also very moist, which can upset a horse’s digestive system, leading to conditions such as diarrhea or colic. Horses accustomed only to dry hay during winter often struggle to adjust to fresh pasture without digestive disturbances.

“Transition your horse slowly onto spring grass,” advises KER. “Gradual pasture exposure helps their gut microbes adjust, lowering the risk of digestive upset.”

Supplementing with a digestive aid, such as digestive sup-

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port supplements can promote healthier gut function and prevent complications like ulcers during this diet change.

There are several types of digestive supplements available to support your horse’s gut health during dietary transitions.

Probiotics, which contain beneficial live microorganisms, help balance the gut microbiome and improve digestion. Prebiotics, on the other hand, nourish these beneficial microbes, making them more effective. Digestive enzymes can also aid in breaking down food more efficiently, while supplements containing buffers or coating agents can help protect the stomach lining, reducing the risk of ulcers. Additionally, products rich in yeast cultures can enhance fiber digestion and nutrient absorption. Choosing the right supplement depends on your horse’s specific needs, so consulting with an equine nutritionist or veterinarian is always a good step.

5. Vitamin and Mineral Imbalances: Springtime also requires careful management of vitamin and mineral intake. While high-quality pastures are rich in some nutrients, they may lack others or lead to improper ratios of key minerals like calcium and phosphorus. Imbalances can hinder everything from bone health to coat shine.

A comprehensive supplement or fortified feed specifically for your horse’s needs is often the best solution. These can plug nutritional gaps common in forage-based diets. “Balancing the nutrient profile consistent with a horse’s activity levels is a common oversight that can lead to reduced performance,” says Purina specialists.

6. Carbohydrate (Starch and Sugar) Considerations: Balancing carbohydrate intake is essential for all types of

horses, from performance athletes to casual grazers. Horses in intense training require controlled doses of starch for quick energy, while non-working horses benefit from lower-starch feeds to avoid weight and metabolic complications.

When possible, choose feeds designed for your horse’s specific carbohydrate needs.

7. Spring Myopathies in Performance Horses: Performance horses might also face myopathies, or muscle disorders, due to rapid changes in work intensity and diet.

Conditions like tying-up (equine exertional rhabdomyolysis) are made worse by high starch or improper exercise regimens.

Reducing starch and adding fat-rich feeds can provide steady energy while minimizing the risk of muscle fatigue and cramping.

Supporting your horse’s muscle health, especially during periods of exertion or recovery, is crucial. Electrolytes are one of the most essential supplements, as they help replace the vital minerals lost through sweat and support proper muscle function. Magnesium is another key nutrient that aids in muscle relaxation and prevents cramping by maintaining healthy nerve and muscle communication. Additionally, vitamin E and selenium are powerful antioxidants that protect muscle cells from oxidative stress, reducing soreness and improving recovery. For horses with higher energy needs or those prone to tying-up, amino acid supplements like lysine can help repair and rebuild muscle tissue. Always consult a veterinarian to customize the best supplement regimen for your horse’s unique needs.

Spring marks a period of change for horse owners and their nutritional strategies. From addressing metabolic disorders like EMS to ensuring optimal vitamin and protein intake, horse owners must adopt a proactive approach. Tailoring rations to reflect your horse’s unique needs while transitioning gradually into spring pastures can prevent common health pitfalls.

Remember, the right nutrition doesn’t just meet your horse’s physical requirements; it enhances their overall quality of life, whether they’re circling the show ring or grazing freely under the sun.

In this nutrition focused section we’ll dive into essential nutritional strategies for performance horses, explores the prevention and management of common digestive issues such as gastric ulcers, and provides practical weight management tips for overweight horses. Additionally, it highlights a selection of springtime fruits and vegetables that are safe and beneficial for equine diets.

For additional support, consulting with an expert equine nutritionist can provide you with the insight needed to make the best nutritional decisions for your horse. By empowering yourself with knowledge and choosing nutrient-dense feeds from industry leaders will help protect your horse’s health and elevate their performance and happiness as well.

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Focus: Nutrition

Effective Weight Management Strategies for Overweight Horses

By Kyla Szemplinski, MS, UT TSU Shelby County Extension

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veryone loves to see plump, well-fed horses in pastures. To the public, it means those horses are being well cared for and have no nutritional issues. For horse owners, a “fashionably plump” horse can signal more than just a well-fed appearance. It may indicate overfeeding, leading to wasted money, the risk of metabolic issues like insulin resistance, or challenges in maintaining fitness and conditioning during training. Similar to humans, there are weight management strategies owners can use to help their horses shed a few extra pounds.

Studies have shown that 50% of horses in North America are overweight with approximately 30% of horses considered obese. According to Mad Barn 72% of adult ponies were classified as overweight, which is a concerning statistic reflecting a growing issue within the equine community. Alarmingly, in some show rings, heavier horses are often favored as the ideal,

partially due to perceptions of substance and presence. This cultural bias can inadvertently encourage unhealthy weight gain, which has serious repercussions for equine health. Overweight horses are at an increased risk of developing conditions such as laminitis, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. Additionally, excess weight places undue strain on their joints and hooves, often leading to chronic lameness, arthritis, and reduced mobility over time. While the desire to conform to certain aesthetic standards exists, it’s critical to prioritize the long-term well-being of horses and promote healthier body conditions both in competitions and daily care.

How to Weigh Your Horse Body condition score (BCS) is a method of estimating your horse’s body fat that accumulates directly under the skin. BCS is measured on a scale of 1-9, and most horses should score

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they are in a “production” state.

Too much or unnecessary grain and commercial feed can cause issues and waste money. Grains and commercial feeds can contain high amounts of sugars and starches that some horses don’t need. Sugars and starches are digested and absorbed, raising blood sugar levels and triggering insulin release. Insulin tells the body to store glucose as glycogen in the liver, while excess energy is stored as fat.

If your horse has Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) or insulin resistance, feeding grains and commercial feeds with high amounts of sugars and starches can be particularly harmful to their overall health. Horses with these conditions have difficulty regulating their blood sugar levels, and consuming such feeds can lead to dangerous spikes in glucose and insulin.

Over time, this repeated insulin dysregulation puts them at a higher risk for laminitis, a painful and potentially debilitating condition affecting the hooves. For these horses, it’s essential to provide a carefully managed diet that focuses on low-starch, low-sugar forage and feed alternatives to help maintain stable blood sugar levels and overall well-being. around 5, with a 4 or 6 being acceptable depending on the horse’s age, lifestyle, and health conditions.

When conducting a BCS test, the following areas should be palpated and ranked: • Over the tailhead • Over the rump • Along the withers • Neck • Over the ribs • Behind the shoulder Add these scores up and divide by six to get the overall BCS. Be careful not to underestimate your horse’s body condition score, and aim to perform monthly BCS evaluations.

Another weight estimation tool is weight tape, which can be purchased at most feed stores, such as co-ops or Tractor Supply. To use weight tape, measure the heart girth — located immediately behind the elbow and withers — and the body length from the point of the shoulder to the point of the buttock. Plug those numbers into the following formula: (HG x HG) x Length = Total; Total/330 = body weight If your horse is carrying excess weight, it’s important to address this for their overall health and well-being. After assessing your horse and evaluating their total body weight, you may need to implement a plan to help them shed those extra pounds. Here are some proven strategies to safely and effectively manage your horse’s weight loss journey.

Reduce or Eliminate Grains and Processed Feeds Consider reducing your horse’s grain amounts at each feeding, switching feeds to a low starch specialty grain or gradually eliminating grain altogether. Grain and commercial feed should not exceed 0.5% to 1% of the horse’s body weight per meal. Typically, grain and commercial feeds are reserved for horses doing exercise above “maintenance” levels, pregnant or lactating horses, young and growing horses, “hard keepers,” and senior horses. These groups need extra calories because

Forage-Based Diet Forages, such as pasture grass and high-quality hay, should make up most of your horse’s diet. In general, overweight horses should be fed a minimum of 1.5% of their body weight in forage daily.

Hay promotes a healthy gut microbiome and allows the horse to exhibit natural grazing behavior. Additionally, forages take longer to chew, extending feeding time and reducing ulcer risks. Owners should choose mature cuts of grass hay, such as timothy or Bermuda, which are lower in protein and digestible energy (DE) content. Legume hays, such as alfalfa and clover, should be reduced or eliminated. If your horse suffers from equine metabolic syndrome then it is important to have your have tested to avoid feeding hay that have high levels of NSC levels. Hay with less than 10-12% NSC is recommended for horses with metabolic issues.

If your horse has access to high-quality pasture with plentiful grass, consider investing in grazing muzzles. Grazing muzzles reduce the amount of grass horses can eat during turnout by 30%-80%. Ensure the muzzle fits well and check for rubs after each use.

Owners should also consider adjusting turnout time to when non-structural and hydrolyzable carbohydrates (HC) are at their lowest, such as early in the morning. HC levels are highest in the spring, in the fall before winter, and in freshly cut grass. Overweight horses should be limited from these pastures to avoid excess caloric intake.

Another option is placing overweight horses onto dry lots, which still allow for exercise without access to excessive calories. It is important to supplement with hay, as horses should not go without food or forage for more than four hours.

When horses are restricted to forage-only diets, hay-based diets, or are managed on dry lots, it is essential to ensure they receive adequate supplementation of vital minerals and vitamins. These diets often lack sufficient levels of trace minerals like selenium, zinc, and copper, as well as essential vitamins such as vitamin E, which are crucial for maintaining overall

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health and preventing deficiencies. Without proper supplementation, horses may become depleted, leading to long-term health issues, such as weakened immune systems, poor coat condition, or muscular problems. It is important for owners to remember that lower weight does not always equate to better health—optimal nutrition plays a key role in supporting a healthy, thriving horse, regardless of body condition.

Exercise Foundations for Overweight Horses Exercise is a vital component of managing the health and well-being of overweight horses, particularly those dealing with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), insulin resistance, and other related conditions. A carefully structured exercise program can help regulate body weight, improve insulin sensitivity, and enhance overall metabolic function. It is essential to start slowly, especially if the horse has been sedentary or is significantly overweight, to prevent undue strain on joints and muscles. Begin with short groundwork sessions, lasting five to ten minutes. When introducing a new exercise routine for an overweight and/ or out-of-shape horse.

Low-intensity activities, such as hand-walking, light lunging, or riding at a walk, are excellent. Gradually increasing the duration and intensity of these exercises allows the horse to build stamina and strength over time. Incorporating activities like pole work or hill walking can further engage muscles and improve cardiovascular health.

Consistency is key, as regular exercise not only aids in weight management but also supports healthy circulation and reduces the risk of laminitis—a common concern in overweight horses with metabolic disorders. Coupled with a balanced diet and appropriate veterinary care, a tailored exercise routine can profoundly improve the quality of life for horses suffering from these conditions. With patience and dedication, owners can help their horses achieve both physical and metabolic balance, fostering a healthier and happier equine partner.

Conclusion When adjusting diets and exercise programs, always consult with your veterinarian and/or equine nutritionist before making any sudden changes. Changes should be made gradually; putting your horse on a diet is a marathon, not a sprint. Regularly perform weigh-ins using BCS and/or weight tape and adjust as needed.

For personalized weight loss strategies for your horse, consider reaching out to your county extension office or veterinarian. If needed, consult a certified equine nutritionist to develop a tailored plan. Assess your horse’s overall condition, diet, and exercise routine to ensure a comprehensive and effective approach.

Kyla Szemplinski, MS, serves as an Extension Agent I for 4-H Agricenter Youth Development with the UT TSU Shelby County Extension.

She supports the equine community in Shelby County, Tennessee, and is a resource for programs on agriculture and natural resources, 4-H youth development, family and consumer sciences, and resource development. Kyla can be reached at the Shelby County office by calling 901-752-1207 during regular business hours, Monday through Friday, 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM CST. UT Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment.

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Focus: Nutrition

Preventing Gastric Ulcers: Tips for a Healthy Stomach

By Kyla Szemplinski, MS, UT TSU Shelby County Extension

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t’s an issue no horse owner wants to hear: gastric ulcers. Gastric ulcers can cause a variety of problems, from physical to behavioral, and cost owners a significant amount to diagnose and treat. Ulcers are painful and can take weeks, if not months, to fully heal. To address gastric ulcers, owners must target one of the main sources: nutrition strategies. A well-thought-out, detailed yet simple nutrition plan can be a horse owner’s best tool for preventing ulcers and keeping the horse’s stomach lining in top condition.

How Horses Get Gastric Ulcers Like all animals, horses have hydrochloric acid (HCl) in their stomachs, producing about 16 gallons a day. The difference is that horses produce HCl whether or not there is food

in their stomach. While horses have a thick, protective mucus lining in the stomach’s lower glandular region, they lack this protective lining in the non-glandular upper squamous region.

During exercise, abdominal pressure squeezes the stomach, causing HCl to move upward. The acid splashes onto the unprotected squamous region, leading to erosion. This repeated acid exposure causes painful ulcers.

Any horse can develop gastric ulcers, regardless of age.

However, horses in high-performance disciplines such as racing, endurance, three-day eventing, and other elite-level competitions are more prone to ulcers. Additionally, horses that go long periods without forage, often due to limited turnout or stall confinement, are at a higher risk.

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Gastric Prevention Through Nutrition The best offense against gastric ulcers is a good defense through a nutritional plan. Dr. Lew Strickland, University of Tennessee Extension veterinarian, recommends the following routine maintenance tips for preventing gastric ulcers: Forages • Alfalfa: Alfalfa is high in calcium and protein, which help buffer the stomach, acting like an antacid. It can be fed as flakes, pellets, or chopped cubes.

• Beet pulp: Beet pulp is a fiber that helps move food through the digestive tract. Always soak beet pulp before feeding; this also adds hydration.

• Long-stem hay: Long-stem hay takes more effort to chew, which stimulates saliva production. Equine saliva contains bicarbonate, which acts as an antacid.

Grain • Limit the total amount of grain and concentrates in your horse’s diet.

• If grain is necessary, feed it in small, frequent meals.

• Avoid feeding more than 1 gram of sugar and starch per kilogram of body weight per meal.

Supplements • Probiotics and prebiotics can help maintain normal gut flora.

• Antacids: Products containing calcium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide can help neutralize excessive stomach acid and provide temporary relief.

• Buffering Agents: Supplements with ingredients like aluminum hydroxide or lecithin create a protective coating on the stomach lining, reducing irritation from gastric acid.

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Aloe Vera: Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera gel can help reduce inflammation and support healing of the stomach lining.

• L-Glutamine: This amino acid aids in maintaining a healthy gut lining and supports tissue repair in the digestive tract.

• Seaweed-based Products: Seaweed derivatives, such as Ascophyllum nodosum, provide natural buffering properties and support gut health.

• Pectin-Lechithin Complexes: These combinations can form a gel-like barrier to help protect the gastric lining from acid exposure.

• Always consult with a veterinarian before incorporating new supplements into a horse’s diet to ensure they are appropriate and safe.

Other Management Tips • Always provide access to water, especially during weather extremes.

• Reduce stressful situations whenever possible.

• Horses are social animals, so avoid keeping them in solitary conditions.

• Using a hay net can extend the time your horse spends foraging, mimicking the benefits of consuming longstem forage.

Gastric ulcers are painful and costly to address, but a well-developed nutritional management plan can significantly reduce the chances of your horse developing ulcers. This can also save owners the expense of diagnostics and treatment. If you have questions about equine stomach ulcers, contact your veterinarian or your county’s Extension office.

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Focus: Nutrition

Key Nutritional Strategies for Performance Horses

By Kyla Szemplinski, MS, UT TSU Shelby County Extension

J

ust like top-performing human athletes, horses can be superior athletes. With appropriate training and conditioning, horses can achieve elite-level athletic performance in speed, endurance, and power. However, as important as their training is, their nutrition plays an equally critical role. Without the right fuel, horses cannot achieve the top-level performance expected in the show ring. Multiple factors influence the diet and nutrition of performance horses, including age, breed, discipline, and health history. Nutrition provides the fuel necessary for peak athletic performance and helps maintain a desirable athletic appearance.

Water Water is often overlooked as a nutrient, but it is the most important one. Without adequate water intake, horses cannot effectively absorb or utilize nutrients from food. On average, in mild weather, a horse drinks about 10 to 12 gallons of water per day. In extreme weather (hot or cold), or if the horse is pregnant, lactating, or undergoing heavy exercise, that amount can easily double to 20 to 24 gallons or more.

Getting your equine athlete to drink enough water should be the top nutritional strategy. To ensure your horse is drinking enough, try these tips to increase water intake: • Soak grain rations.

• Keep paddock troughs clean, under shelter, and free of

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• • •

ice, and use a trough heater in colder temperatures.

Add salt to grain rations to stimulate water consumption.

Avoid adding electrolyte paste or granules to water, as it makes it salty. Instead, give electrolytes as a paste to ensure the correct dosage.

Add electrolyte-based drinks to regular water in stall buckets, particularly during hot weather.

Forage Intake Horses in heavy exercise are expected to consume 2.5% to 3% of their body weight in forage and grain, with high-quality forage making up about 2% of their diet. Horses in moderate to heavy work should be fed high-quality grass hay along with legume hay, such as alfalfa. Look for hay harvested at early growth stages for better palatability. Testing hay for its nutritional content is also recommended. For assistance with hay sampling, contact your local Extension office.

Pasture turnout is beneficial for performance horses as it stimulates natural behavior and is more cost-effective.

Fiber and Fat Supplementation If forage quality is poor or availability is low, horses will need additional energy from sources high in soluble fiber or fat. Soluble fiber, such as beet pulp, is digested quickly in the hindgut and serves as an excellent energy source. Beet pulp also has high water-carrying capacity, which helps minimize dehydration.

Fat is the most calorie-dense energy source, providing 2.25 times more calories per gram than carbohydrates or protein.

Many horse owners opt for oil, but it is important to select oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as DHA and EPA. Be consistent with the amount of fat provided, as excessive fat can cause diarrhea.

Grains and Concentrates Performance horses often require additional grains or concentrates for extra calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals.

A general rule of thumb is to feed no more than 0.5% to 1% of the horse’s body weight in grains or concentrates.

Complete feeds are commonly used for exercised horses, but owners often overfeed grains and underfeed essential vitamins and minerals. Choose grains higher in protein, starch, and sugars, such as oats, barley, and corn. Oats are preferred because their starch is easier to digest, and they contain more protein.

After exercise, once the horse has cooled down, feed grain as soon as possible to maximize glycogen replenishment in muscles. Work closely with an equine nutritionist to calculate the precise amount of grain to include in your horse’s diet.

Electrolytes The primary electrolyte horses need is sodium, which can easily be provided by feeding salt. Salt also encourages water intake and can be added to any grain ration.

In addition to free-choice salt, horses engaged in moderate or heavy exercise should receive electrolyte supplementation, particularly in hot weather when electrolytes are lost through sweat. Electrolytes should be mixed with grain rations or given as a paste to ensure proper dosage.

Conclusion Feeding performance horses should be based on meeting the nutritional requirements outlined by the NRC’s Nutrient Requirement of Horses. The specifics should be tailored to the horse’s discipline, age, and stage of production. For any changes, consult your veterinarian and equine nutritionist to ensure your elite athlete is receiving the appropriate forage, grains/concentrates, and electrolytes. You can also contact your county Extension office.

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Focus: Nutrition

Nutrition for Equestrian Athletes: Fueling the Rider, Not Just the Horse

By Lauren Abbott

W

hen we think of equestrian sports, much attention is (rightfully) given to the care and nutrition of the horse. After all, a horse’s strength, endurance, and overall health depend on their diet, supplements, and training. But let’s take a moment to reflect on the other half of the team in this partnership—you, the rider.

To be or become the best equestrian you can be, it’s crucial to evaluate your own nutrition. The physical and mental demands of horse riding, regardless of the discipline, make proper nutrition as important for equestrians as it is for their equine companions.

Riders often underestimate how physically demanding horse riding is. Depending on factors like riding discipline and individual effort, an equestrian athlete can burn approximately 200 to 400 calories in 30 minutes or up to 800 calories in an hour during competitive training. This energy expenditure highlights the importance of balanced nutrition for optimal performance and recovery.

Hydration and proper fueling are key pillars of success, not just for competition but in everyday practice to ensure energy levels are sustained. Whether you’re completing long trots, canter transitions, or holding core strength during jumps or speed events, your body needs to be properly fueled to keep up.

The Importance of Fueling Individual Needs Equestrians come in all shapes and sizes, and there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to nutrition. Proper fueling means understanding your body’s unique needs and optimizing them to perform your best. Below, we’ll explore how nu-

trition varies based on several stages of life and training focuses.

Adolescent Equestrians For riders aged 10 to 19, who are still in the critical stages of physical and mental development, proper nutrition is essential for promoting healthy growth, strong bones, muscle and brain development. Encourage a diet rich in: • Calcium and Vitamin D to strengthen bones during their peak growth phase.

• Protein-rich foods (like lean meats, legumes, and nuts) to help build and repair muscles after training.

• Healthy carbohydrates for sustained energy, found in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

• Omega-3 fatty acids, found in foods like salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds, which are crucial for brain development and cognitive function.

• Iron-rich foods, such as spinach, beans, and fortified cereals, to support oxygen flow to the brain and improve focus and concentration.

• Antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables, like blueberries, oranges, and kale, to help protect brain cells and improve memory.

• Whole grains, including oatmeal, brown rice, and whole wheat bread, to provide a steady supply of glucose, fueling the brain and body for optimal performance.

Proper hydration is especially important for adolescents who may be too busy at school or lessons to drink enough water. Staying well-hydrated is not only crucial for physical performance but also plays a key role in supporting brain and cognitive function. Proper hydration helps maintain focus, memory, and mental clarity, all of which are essential

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during activities like horseback riding, where quick decision-making and attention to detail are vital. Additionally, water aids in regulating mood and reducing stress, creating a calmer, more responsive mindset necessary for effective communication with the horse. By keeping the body and mind in harmony, hydration and proper nutrition becomes a powerful tool for both safety and success in this demanding and rewarding sport.

Underweight Equestrians For equestrians looking to increase weight, build strength and muscle, focusing on a balanced, calorie-dense diet is essential. Incorporate more: • Complex carbohydrates (quinoa, oats) to power through riding sessions and strength training.

• Quality proteins (chicken, fish, tofu, eggs), which are the building blocks for muscle repair and growth.

• Healthy fats (avocados, nuts, and seeds) to add essential calories and aid in recovery.

Working with a nutritionist, doctor or pediatrician can provide personalized strategies to ensure every calorie counts toward health and performance goals.

Consulting a licensed professional for a comprehensive sports exam is a vital step, especially for underweight athletes aiming to excel in their chosen disciplines. A thorough evaluation can uncover any underlying medical conditions, nutritional deficits, or physical limitations that need to be addressed. Beyond the physical aspect, it’s crucial to acknowledge the mental challenges, especially in young female

athletes, such as body dysmorphia. Adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to distorted self-perceptions, which can significantly impact their relationship with food and their body.

Building a healthy, sustainable relationship with nutrition should always be the foundational step for any athlete, regardless of their performance goals. Proper guidance can help shift the focus from appearance to overall health and function, teaching athletes to fuel their bodies with care and intention. By prioritizing healthy habits over restrictive behaviors, underweight athletes can develop a stronger, more resilient body while fostering a positive mindset that will serve them both in and out of the saddle.

Active Young Adult and Adult Equestrians Many young adult and adult riders lead active lifestyles beyond horse riding, often running, cycling, or strength training. Proper nutrition for these athletes must account for higher energy output while supporting muscle recovery.

• Pre-training meals: Whole grains with a lean protein source and fruit for energy.

• Post-training recovery meals: Include a 3-to-1 ratio of carbs to protein for muscle recovery (e.g., a smoothie with Greek yogurt and a banana).

• Prioritize hydration, especially if engaging in summer training or multiple disciplines.

Nutrition and an active lifestyle are inseparably linked, forming the foundation for sustained energy, peak performance, and overall well-being. The saying “you are what

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you eat” couldn’t be more accurate—what we choose to fuel our bodies with directly shapes how we feel, move, and even think. For athletes, especially those in equestrian sports, proper nutrition is not just about riding; it’s about preparing the body for all the activities that accompany the discipline. Long hours of grooming, tacking up, barn chores, and managing multiple rides demand a high level of stamina. Without the right nutrients, these demands can quickly lead to fatigue and burnout.

To optimize eating habits, it’s essential to focus on nutrient-dense, balanced meals that provide sustained energy. Highly processed foods, refined sugars, and excessive caffeine and alcohol can cause energy depletion and crashes, leaving the body feeling drained and sluggish. For adult equestrians, planning meals and snacks that provide slow-releasing energy—think oatmeal with nuts or a quinoa salad with roasted vegetables—can make all the difference.

By being mindful of what is consumes, will only enhance performance while also building a stronger connection between diet and the equestrian active lifestyle.

Equestrians Seeking Weight Loss Riding can be an excellent practice for weight loss and management. It strengthens the core, improves posture, and engages multiple muscle groups, making it a great complement to an active lifestyle. However, weight loss should focus on fueling the body rather than restrictive dieting.

• Fill your meals with high-volume, nutrient-dense foods like vegetables and lean proteins to feel full without overeating.

• Balance smaller portions of healthy carbs and fats to maintain energy levels during riding and reduce post-training fatigue.

• Break up meals into smaller portions throughout the day, supporting sustained energy while avoiding cravings.

Maintaining a healthy relationship with food and exercise is crucial for equestrians seeking to lose weight while preserving their physical and emotional well-being. It’s important to view nourishment not as a restriction but as a way to fuel your body for the demanding activities of riding

and caring for horses. Surrounding yourself with supportive people—trainers, friends, and fellow equestrians—who encourage your goals without judgment or weight shaming can make a world of difference. These are the people who remind you that your worth is not defined by the number on a scale but by your passion and dedication to the sport.

Additionally, practicing gratitude for your body’s strength and resilience can help foster a positive mindset. Recognize your body’s ability to transform, adapt, and perform the complex tasks required in riding. The respect you cultivate for your body will not only enhance your confidence in the saddle but also nurture a healthier, more sustainable relationship with yourself and your goals.

Aging Equestrians For middle-aged and senior equestrians, nutrition plays a pivotal role in maintaining strength, mobility, and bone density. Horse riding is an excellent, lower-impact way to stay active in older age, and pairing it with smart nutrition can help protect against certain age-related concerns.

• Increase intake of Calcium-Rich Foods (low-fat dairy, fortified almond milk) to mitigate bone loss risks.

• Ensure adequate protein consumption to support muscle recovery and prevent muscle wasting.

• Add omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, flaxseed, or walnuts) to reduce inflammation and support joint health.

• Pay special attention to hydration needs, as you may become less naturally aware of thirst as you age.

For women navigating perimenopause and menopause, nutrition can act as a powerful ally in balancing the challenges that accompany hormonal shifts. Dietary choices not only impact your strength and stamina in the saddle but also your overall vitality and cognitive clarity. During this season of life, fueling your body properly can help regulate hormones, maintain bone density, and support brain health.

For women, prioritizing foods rich in calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D is vital to counteract the loss of bone density that accelerates during perimenopause and menopause. Including plant-based phytoestrogens, such as those found in flaxseed, soy, and legumes, can help reduce some

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hormonal fluctuations, offering natural support during this transitional period. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (found in foods like salmon, leafy greens, and berries) are critical for brain health and reducing inflammation, which may otherwise exacerbate brain fog. By maintaining stable blood sugar through complex carbohydrates combined with lean proteins, women can also promote improved energy levels and mental clarity, essential for long days working with horses.

For men, nutritional needs involve sustaining muscle mass, supporting cardiovascular health, and managing metabolism changes as testosterone levels slowly decline. Men may benefit from increased protein intake from lean sources like chicken, fish, or plant-based options such as quinoa and lentils to maintain muscle tone. Additionally, a focus on heart-healthy fats such as avocados, nuts, and olive oil can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular strain. Men should pay attention to maintaining sufficient zinc levels, as this nutrient supports hormonal health, and adding potassium-rich foods like bananas and sweet potatoes can positively impact muscle function and recovery.

The differences in fueling aging bodies of women versus men often come down to unique hormonal needs. While women need nutritional strategies to manage bone health, brain clarity, and hormonal fluctuations, men’s focus often leans more toward maintaining strength and cardiovascular health. Regardless of gender, hydration, balanced macronutrients, and consistent meal timing remain universal foundations for optimal performance and longevity in the saddle for aging equestrians. Understanding these differences and tailoring your nutrition plan accordingly can empower you to thrive both in and out of the arena.

Why Equestrian Nutrition Matters It’s tempting to put 100% of your focus on your horse’s health and preparation, but equestrian success begins with the health of the rider. Whether you’re trying to improve flexibility, maintain energy, or protect your bones as you age, nutrition is essential to fuel the strength, endurance, and focus that horseback riding requires.

Taking responsibility for your own nutrition is an act of self-care and respect for your sport. Equestrian athletes, at every stage of their lives and careers, deserve the same intentional focus on their health and nutrition as their equine partners.

After all, it’s not all about the horse! The human is half of the team and deserves just as much care, dedication, and preparation to achieve competitive success and lifelong enjoyment in the saddle.

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Mike Gilliland: (901) 634-3912 mgilliland@gillilandfarms.com 4300 Watkins | Memphis,TN 38127 www.thehorsereview.com

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Cover Story

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Celebrating the North American Cowgirl

F

rom the American and Canadian cowgirl to the Mexican charra, where there is rodeo, there are cowgirls. Women are an integral part of rodeo’s history and development, but they had to fight hard to receive recognition and respect from the sport they so dearly loved. As women’s history month comes to a close, this article aims to celebrate the stories, legacies, and hardwon battles of North America’s timeless cowgirls.

The story of these tenacious women on horseback begins with the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in the early 1500s. The horses they brought with them were quickly adopted by Native Americans, and with the migration of the horse came the migration of the cowboy. There is documentation of Comanche women riding horses in the 1600s, and around that same time, the Mexican vaquero began to appear as well, although they were mostly men.

Jumping ahead to America’s “Wild West” chapter, several famous heroines ride into the scene such as cowgirl Martha “Calamity Jane” Canary, known for her marksmanship, stellar riding abilities, and unruly attitude, as well as markswoman Annie Oakley, whose talent with a gun earned her a spot in Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show and secured her as an iconic image of women in the Wild West.

In the first half of the twentieth century, cowgirls were tackling very different challenges in America versus Mexico. During the Mexican revolution, which began in 1910, soldaderas (female soldiers) used their horses to stir up dust in order to blind and distract their opponents. This skill eventually formed into an equestrian event known as escaramuza, which involves riding horses in intricate, daring patterns that are set to music. Synchronization is key in this sport, and so is the uniform: vibrant traditional dresses and striking som-

Story by Sharlee Shumpert

breros are essential to escaramuza. The adelitas (contestants) are judged rigidly on dress code. Escaramuza is still alive and well today, having teams in both Mexico and America; it is a glorious tribute to Mexico’s early cowgirls.

In the United States, the twentieth century saw a dramatic influx of women competing in rodeo events. In 1918, women competed alongside men in the inaugural rodeo held in Fort Worth, Texas, in the famous Cowtown Coliseum; this was the first indoor rodeo in the history of the sport. From the 1910s to the 1930s, women participated in rodeo events across the country as bronc riders, relay racers, trick riders, steer ropers, and steer wrestlers. There is no shortage of legendary cowgirls from this period of history with a variety of impressive accomplishments, including famous trick rider and eight-time All-Around cowgirl Tad Lucas, the 1927 Queen of the Pendleton Roundup, and champion relay racer Mabel Strickland, bronc and trick riders Rose Smith and Bea Kirnan, steer wrestler Fox Hastings, and the tragically iconic Bonnie Treadwell McCarroll.

Most of these women competed in multiple events and made their own costumes. This larger-than-life “Golden Age” of women in rodeo was somewhat phased out starting in 1929 following the death of beloved female bronc rider Bonnie McCarroll. At that year’s Pendleton Roundup, Bonnie was trampled by her bronc after becoming trapped by her stirrups. This shocked the country and when the Rodeo Association of America was founded, also in 1929, they were decidedly against women competing in rodeo. This did not shut women out of rodeo completely by any means, but it symbolized a shift toward an era of the sport where women were expected to be more involved with the pageantry side of rodeo rather than the competition side. From these expec-

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Calamity Jane

by CE Finn, circa 1880s

tations emerged “sponsor girls” and “ranch girls” whose job was to advertise the rodeos. They were the precursors to rodeo queens, and one of their tricks, which involved circling barrels in the arena during the performance, developed into the high-speed event of barrel racing (this event is now based in athletics rather than pageantry).

Unsatisfied with the limited roles women had in rodeo, cowgirls made history once again when thirty-eight of them met in a San Angelo hotel room in 1948 to establish an association by women for women. The Girls Rodeo Association was founded to ensure women had a place to compete as respected athletes. Among its founding members were barrel racers, roughstock riders, trick riders, and ropers. Today, the GRA is known as the Women’s Professional Rodeo Association, or the WPRA, and it offers barrel racing, team roping, breakaway roping, and tie-down roping; it also sanctions the women’s events at PRCA rodeos.

In Canada, the cowboy way of life began to take hold in the 1870s thanks to American cattle drivers herding cattle up from the Northwest, although British Columbia had a “prototype” cowboy called the buckaroo that dates back to 1811. By way of an event in Fort Macleod, Alberta, rodeo came to Canada in 1891. The Calgary Stampede, Canada’s most famous rodeo, began in 1912, and cowgirls competed in this inaugural show. The first Canadian Finals Rodeo was in 1974, and Canada has its own Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame and its own Girls Rodeo Association. Additionally, Canada has a drill team known as the Canadian Cowgirls, and their

Bonnie McCarroll Thrown from "Silver"

by W.S. Bowman, 1915 Courtesy of SMU Central University Libraries

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inclusion in the 2013 Rose Parade marked the first time a Canadian group has ever been invited to participate.

Despite all the contributions and character that women have given rodeo, their place in the arena has been wrested away by discrimination at many points in history, and their fight to be recognized as equals is still an ongoing one. For example, in Canada, women were prohibited from competing in rodeo between 1923-1958. They were not a part of the first Canadian Finals Rodeo in 1974 because they could not become members of the Canadian Rodeo Cowboys Association until 1975. Even the Calgary Stampede, whose early days had included women, did not have barrel racing after the end of the prohibition until 1982, only for the event to be dropped once more in 1989 following women being kicked out of the Canadian Professional Rodeo Association in 1988. In 1990, barrel racing returned to the Stampede, and in 1995, women were reinstated as members of the CPRA with considerably more rights. The Canadian Girls Rodeo Association and the Canadian Barrel Racers Association have both played vital roles in advocating for women in Canadian rodeo. In Mexico, escaramuza, the only women’s event in charrería, did not become an official part of Mexico’s national sport until 1992, despite having existed since the 1950s. In the United States, barrel racing has been a part of the National Finals Rodeo since 1959, although it was not included as part of the main NFR until 1967.

There are countless cowgirls across Mexico, Canada, and America who have worked for the full equality of women

Annie Oakley

by Baker’s Art Gallery circa 1880s

Escaramuza Courtesy of Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/

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in rodeo, and their efforts have not been in vain. In America, equal pay for barrel racers began to take root in the 1980s, finally reaching the crown of the sport, the NFR, in 1998. In Canada, women became eligible for equal money in 1995.

Recently, the sport of breakaway roping has exploded in the United States thanks to its inclusion as the second women’s event in professional rodeo. However, equality for breakaway ropers is a continuous battle, as not all rodeos have breakaway roping yet, and these cowgirls are still not paid equally at the NFR or included as part of the main NFR in the Thomas & Mack Center. The first National Finals Breakaway Roping was held in 2020 at the same time as the NFR, but rodeo fans and athletes are becoming increasingly vocal about their desire for breakaway to be fully embraced as an equal event in professional rodeo.

The North American cowgirl has a rich, diverse history deeply entwined with women’s rights, and the fight for equality is extremely in tune with rodeo’s themes of freedom. The heroines of rodeo demonstrate what it means to stay tough, speak up, and conquer fear. They are symbols of the Wild West and the great dream of liberty inside everyone, and as they ride into the future, they will continue to inspire people around the globe.

Long live cowgirls!

National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame Escaramuza Exhibit | Photos by Sharlee Shumpert

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Canadian Cowgirls Precision Drill Team from Chatham Kent, Ontario ~ Canada 2013 Rose Parade Courtesy of Creative Commons Attribution 2.0

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People and Horses Rylee Jo Maryman and Ruby by Jennings Photography

Rylee Jo and Ruby:

R

Gems of The American Rodeo

by Sharlee Shumpert

ylee Jo Maryman, from St. Francisville, Louisiana, is a seventeen-year-old cowgirl that caught the attention of the barrel racing industry when she raced for the chance to win a million dollars at the 2024 Teton Ridge American Rodeo. While Rylee Jo was no stranger to the winners’ circle long before her run beneath the lights of Globe Life Field, many fans of rodeo were introduced to her and her fiery roan mare Ruby for the first time due to their meteoric tear through The American’s tournament brackets nearly a year ago. At just sixteen, Rylee Jo found herself competing against some of the biggest names in the barrel racing world. So how did this cowgirl and her one-of-a-kind mare end up on such a big stage in an iconic moment?

According to Rylee Jo, she has been riding horses since

she could sit up, and by the time she was two and a half, she was riding by herself. She cites two horses, one named Jane and one named Clarks Billy Boy, as her foundational equine partners; she says Jane was an old rope horse who “gave her the love for barrel racing,” and Clark was the horse who taught her correct riding technique. She won her first saddle by age five and was a three-time NLBRA world champion by age nine.

Rylee Jo’s best mare, One Cupa Tees Sis, or Ruby, came into her life seven years ago as a two-year-old. After having someone start Ruby’s training, Rylee Jo finished her out, and the cowgirl says, “She has never been easy, as her favorite thing to do is play and buck.” Ruby is a cow-bred horse that goes back to One Time Pepto and High Brow Cat, and while she now runs the barrel pattern to the left, she orig-

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Rylee Jo and Ruby

by Monroe Photos

Rylee Jo and Ruby by Fessler Photography

inally completed the pattern to the right. Rylee Jo says the change came after Ruby’s kissing spine surgery in October of 2022. Ruby is a finicky, spirited mare who keeps Rylee Jo on her toes; for example, the horse quit running just before the pair’s trip to The American Rodeo East Regional Finals because she did not like running in splint boots. Once the boots were removed, Ruby was appeased and began to decimate her competition.

Speaking of The American, Rylee Jo’s path to Globe Life Field started in December 2023 at the Lucky Dog barrel race held in Memphis, Tennessee. Rylee Jo and Ruby advanced from the Memphis American qualifier race to the East Regional Finals in Lexington, Kentucky. After winning the regional finals race, the duo moved on to the Contender Tournament Finals in Arlington, Texas, and continued to battle against some of barrel racing’s top names until they reached the final four round where the million dollar pot was up for grabs. Teenager Rylee Jo raced against the winningest WPRA cowgirl of all time, Lisa Lockhart; NFR regular Emily Beisel; and fellow contender Brandon Cullins for the top spot, and despite knocking a barrel in the final round, Rylee Jo and Ruby still left Globe Life Field $10,000 richer. When asked what it was like to run for the million, Rylee Jo says, “It was amazing. That run was just another run like anywhere else, just for a whole lot more money. Ruby didn’t owe me anything, so it was just a blessing to get there, and I accomplished one of my biggest goals—to run at The American!”

Rylee Jo’s win record extends far beyond her 2024 trip to The American Rodeo, and so do her dreams. She is both the

2023 and 2024 All-American Youth Barrel Race 1D Champion, the 2024 Josey Junior World Champion (she is the first person to ever win both go-rounds and the short round), the 2024 Labor Day Barrel Blast Teen Champion, the 2024 NHSRA short round champion, and the 2024 Fiddler’s Turkey Run derby first round champion, first day champion, slot race champion, second day champion, and derby average champion. She accomplished all these feats mainly on her horses Ruby and Starlight, although her derby average championship was won on Lindsey Netterville’s great horse Heaven Help Me Fly. Rylee Jo’s future goals include qualifying for the National Finals Rodeo, winning a futurity average title on one of her up-and-coming horses, and qualifying again for The American Rodeo.

When asked what advice she would give to those who want to follow in her footsteps (or Ruby’s hoofprints), the young talent says, “Always work hard to achieve your goals. There are ups and downs, but push through to see your success.”

This pair certainly left a lasting impression on the barrel racing community last spring, and as the 2025 American Rodeo approaches, there is no telling what other rider-horse duos will blaze into the spotlight. One thing is certain, though: Rylee Jo and Ruby have a dazzling future ahead.

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Behind the Business

AAY Staff by Jeff L. Homan

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An All American Legacy: The History of the All American Youth Barrel Race

I

By Sharlee Shumpert

n the heart of Jackson, Mississippi, the All American Youth Barrel Race has been a staple event at the Mississippi State Fairgrounds for twenty-three years.

This race, which was the heart-and-soul creation of Lynn Feathers, Ralph Feathers, and Talmadge Green, has been on the map of every Southeastern youth barrel racer for decades. Now that the race is changing ownership and entering a new era, it is the perfect time to look back on the history of this titan of a production while also looking forward to its brilliant future.

The AAY Barrel Race was dreamed up in Lynn and Ralph’s kitchen back in 2000. Lynn says that she, her husband, and accomplished barrel racer Talmadge Green were discussing the lack of high-paying youth shows at the time, and thus they decided to create their own. The race was given a home at the Mississippi State Fairgrounds, the same venue that hosts the Dixie National Livestock Show and Rodeo. It was scheduled for mid-June, and it has remained roughly around that spot on the calendar for two decades.

Its first year, the race was a 4D (divisional) race which featured $26,000 added to the main race and $2,000 added to the pony race. From there, All American grew rapidly; the race soon accumulated enough entries to transition to five divisions in the main race, and the added money climbed to $30,000. At this year’s race, the added money has jumped to $40,000. In 2020, AAY dished out over $200,000 in cash and prizes. Historically, the race has awarded buckles to the top twenty competitors in each division in the main race finals, and the top barrel racer in each division has received a championship saddle and a cardboard check.

All American Youth consists of two go rounds and a final round, and riders qualify for the finals by running one

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of the top thirty-five times in any division in either go round, meaning three hundred and fifty kids make the finals. On finals day, AAY has all contestants participate in a “finalists’ walk.”

Lynn Feathers credits this idea to the NBHA World Show.

AAY also does a special walk for contestants in their final year of eligibility known as the “senior walk,” and Lynn says this is one of her favorite parts of the show. In addition to the main race, the AAY Barrel Race also has a pony race which has historically consisted of two go rounds, with the second go round taking place during the finals; this counted as a “finals run” for all pony racers. However, the 2025 pony race is set to have two go rounds plus a finals, meaning pony racers will have to qualify for the pony race finals just like in the main race.

AAY has a reputation for being a show with fierce competition, as barrel racers from all over the country and even Australia come to race in Jackson. Over the years, several contestants of the AAY Barrel Race have graduated to impressive new heights such as NFR qualifiers Sarah Rose Waguespack and Taycie Matthews. Lynn Feathers recalls many memorable, thrilling moments from the show’s history such as when Tyrney Steinhoff on legendary barrel horse “Hotshot” snagged the lead from barrel racer Mesa Leavitt by one one thousandth of a second. Even the All American Youth pony race is known for being one of the toughest pony races in the country, with some ponies clocking competitive 1D and 2D times! The show is a high-energy production with a lot of flash thanks to the stories of the many talented jockeys and horses that have attended, but the race has a place for riders of every age and skill level; the high payout, prize count, and go round system mean that every jockey has something on the line to compete for!

All American Youth is known not only for being a highly

competitive show, but also for being a social event. The race spans nearly a week, so there is plenty of time for socializing as racers shop at the many indoor and outdoor vendors and seek to escape the Mississippi heat. Kids spend their time eating snow cones, joyriding on their horses, and cheering for their friends. Many families make this event their “must-goto” show year after year.

This gigantic show has always been made possible by the committed, passionate staff behind the scenes. Lynn reports that some members of the AAY staff have been on the team since year one, and most of them have been a part of the crew for many years. Lynn says that her daughters and their husbands have played crucial roles in running and maintaining the show as well, with one of her sons-in-law and his friend even developing a timing system that allows contestants to see exactly where their time currently falls in the race!

After twenty-three years, Lynn and Ralph Feathers have decided to pass the show’s legacy to former AAY contestant and IBRA president and owner Shane Cline. The race has been moved to Cooper Steel Arena in Shelbyville, Tennessee, and new, exciting upgrades are already happening, such as the introduction of an invitational slot race, a higher payout, and the addition of a pony race finals. The race is scheduled for June 17-21, 2025.

As this iconic race enters a new chapter, it is bittersweet to reflect on the history of the show; this production is a great example of how an event can become a cultural fixture. All American Youth has been a part of thousands of barrel racers’ lives, and both its future and its past will continue to impact the barrel racing community for years to come.

AAY ‘24 1D Champ Rylee Jo Maryman

by Jeff L. Homan

40 | The Horse Review

April 2025

Photo by Lauren Abbott 1D Champ Rylee Jo with her prizes by Jeff L. Homan

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41

Behind the Business

ExEL Shows Expands for 2025 with New Events and Enhanced Opportunities

T

By Lauren Abbott | Photos Courtesy of ExEL Shows

he Experience Equestrian League (ExEL) is hitting an exciting milestone in 2025, with the addition of two new shows to its schedule. This expansion marks a significant step forward for the growing horse show series, which has become a favorite within the Mid-south equestrian community. Founder and owner, Brittany Kasprack Coleman shared her insights on what this growth means for ExEL, the equestrian community, and participants alike.

For ExEL, the additional two show dates reflect a vision of accessibility and community. “Two more shows is HUGE!

That’s almost doubling what we were doing in the past!”

Brittany said. “We are thrilled, excited, and humbled to be in such demand in the community. Ultimately, the vision doesn’t change - provide a great experience for horses and riders that is accessible. The additional two shows will provide us more opportunities to allow horses and riders to have the ExEL Experience.”

Looking back over the past six years, ExEL’s rise has been fueled by its commitment to affordability, passionate staff, and quality judging. These factors, coupled with the introduction of new features like year-end awards and ac-

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April 2025

commodations for its growing audience, have solidified ExEL’s reputation in the equestrian world. “Introducing our year-end awards has been really fun. Needing a tent? That’s pretty cool - to have so many horses we have to get creative is always fun!” Brittany noted.

One of the standout features of this year’s schedule is the College Combine, scheduled for June 20-22, 2025. This event has already created a buzz within the equestrian community and is a key element of ExEL’s appeal.

“This is SUCH a cool program,” Brittany enthused. “I attribute a large part of my career success to the skills I learned as a college athlete - it wasn’t about what happened in the arena. I want riders to know what options and opportunities are available to them.”

The College Combine offers attendees an invaluable opportunity to learn about collegiate equestrian programs. Brittany emphasized the importance of early preparation, saying, “Many riders I speak with say ‘it’s too soon’ to figure out what riding programs suit their needs, then often end up being ‘too late’ as teams have limited recruitment spots. I want riders, parents, and trainers to know their options!”

Growth brings both opportunities and challenges, as ExEL has learned first-hand. The increased demand for stall space has required temporary stable tents, which have been met with enthusiastic approval.

“Oddly enough, we are getting requests to be in the tent!

They’re easier to access with trailers and cars. The biggest challenge is managing them outside of the shows,” Brittany shared. “But, that’s a great problem to have!”

With the 2025 expansion comes exciting changes, includ-

ing a revamped arena layout. “We have redone the arena layout, which will be the biggest change to 2025!” Brittany explained. “This will allow us to be more efficient with the rings, have fewer trainer conflicts, and reduce some of the pain points we’ve faced as we’ve grown. We’re excited to see it all in motion!”

None of this growth would be possible without the unwavering support of the equestrian community. Brittany attributes much of ExEL’s success to its deep connection with its audience. “After all, we are here for the horses and riders.

We are constantly working to improve the shows - be it better class offerings, better prizes, better staffing, more efficiency…the list goes on and on,” she said.

“Our values don’t change; they just have more reach,” Brittany continued, reflecting on the heart of ExEL’s mission. “We genuinely share in everyone’s success. It’s always exciting for us to see the horses and riders grow, and with more opportunity for that, I think we create an even stronger community.”

With five shows on the 2025 calendar—including the March 28-30 opener in Germantown, Tennessee, and the College Combine in June—the future is bright for ExEL and its participants. Attendees, exhibitors, and sponsors can look forward to an enriched show experience, improved logistics, and more opportunities to connect with the equestrian community.

Through innovation, expertise, and an unshakable focus on horses and riders, ExEL Shows continues to raise the bar for what a horse show can offer.

www.thehorsereview.com

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43

Competition Zone

USEF’s Regulations:

What it Means for the Industry and the Conversations Ahead

By Lauren Abbott | Photos courtesy of US Equestrian

New USEF rule changes and regulations take effect April 1, 2025 The equestrian world is set for a major shift as the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) rolls out a series of new regulations effective April 1, 2025, with a sharp focus on horse welfare, competition integrity, and biosecurity. These rule changes, while designed to protect the well-being of our equine athletes, have sparked significant discussion, controversy, and pushback within the industry. On an upcoming episode of the Horse Talk podcast, Kimbrell Hines, Senior Associate at Segal McCambridge and an expert in Equine Law discusses the timely rule changes for sanctioned events, trainers and competitors. Following the insightful discussion, we’ll provide a detailed recap in the May 2025 print edition of the magazine. This article serves as both an introduction to the upcoming changes and a catalyst for meaningful industry-wide dialogue.

Key Updates to USEF Rules: What You Need to Know Several significant rule changes are coming into effect, reshaping various aspects of equestrian competition. Here’s a breakdown of the most impactful updates and their implications: 1. Expanded USEF Jurisdiction Beyond Competition Grounds (GR 838) USEF will now have authority over horse welfare violations outside of competition venues, extending their jurisdiction to

include training and private facilities. Previously, regulatory oversight was limited to showgrounds, but this change aims to combat unethical practices in non-competitive settings.

Concerns: Some industry professionals view this as a potential overreach of authority, raising concerns about privacy and the feasibility of enforcement.

2. Mandatory Microchipping for Competing Horses (GR 840)

By December 1, 2025, all horses participating in USEF-sanctioned events must be equipped with a 15-digit ISO-compliant microchip. This measure will aid in identification, disease prevention, and recovery of lost or stolen horses.

Concerns: Critics point to the added financial burden on horse owners and potential technical challenges in implementing and enforcing the rule.

3. Prohibition of Certain Injectable Substances (GR 414.8) and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) GR 414 Several injectable substances are now banned from competition due to misuse, including: • Formaldehyde: Previously exploited to harden hooves and conceal lameness.

• Oxytocin: Illegally used to alter behavior and artificially calm horses.

• Pentobarbital: A potent euthanasia drug with no legitimate role in competition, but potential for unethical sedation.

• Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) must adhere to strict timing rules, with the therapy prohibited within a

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April 2025

specified period before competition to prevent any unfair advantage or potential overuse. Proper documentation of ESWT treatments is now mandatory, emphasizing transparency and accountability. Understanding these restrictions is critical for competitors and trainers to remain in compliance with USEF standards.

Concerns: Some veterinarians worry the broad language of the ban may unintentionally restrict legitimate medical treatments.

4. Mandatory Medical Evaluations After Rider Falls (GR 840.1) Any rider who falls during a competition must undergo a medical assessment before remounting or continuing. This rule prioritizes rider safety to prevent potential injuries from going unchecked.

Concerns: Riders are concerned about unnecessary disqualifications and potential disruptions to event scheduling.

5. Enhanced Biosecurity Protocols (GR 845.1 & GR 870) Events offering stabling facilities must provide a documented isolation plan for sick horses at least 14 days prior to the competition. Participants are also required to adhere to strict disease-prevention measures, ensuring compliance with local, state, and federal health guidelines.

Concerns: Smaller competitions worry that the increased costs and administrative requirements could discourage participation.

The Reaction: Why These Rules Spark Controversy Many within the equestrian community point out that the Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI), the international governing body for equestrian sports, has long had similar rules in place without facing significant backlash. This raises the question of why some US industry professionals are particularly upset by these updates. Critics argue that while the FEI’s global regulations are designed with uniformity in mind, USEF’s rules may seem overly restrictive or challenging to implement at a national level. Concerns regarding the increased cost, administrative burden, and logistical challenges associated with compliance have fueled frustration, especially among grassroots competitors and smaller event organizers.

This contrast between international acceptance and domestic pushback highlights the complexity of implementing such changes within different contexts.

While USEF has positioned these rule changes as essential for promoting equine welfare and fairness, they have stirred intense debate across disciplines. Here’s why: • Financial Strain on riders and owners – The added costs of microchipping, adhering to stricter medical requirements, and increased veterinary oversight could place a disproportionate burden on smaller operations and grassroots competitors.

• Concerns about overreach – expanding USEF’s jurisdiction beyond showgrounds is raising significant questions about privacy and enforcement.

• Discontent among specific disciplines – Competitors in hunter/jumper and dressage circles worry that restrictions on behavior-modifying drugs and/ or therapy may hinder horse preparation for high-stakes events.

These controversies highlight the delicate balancing act between ensuring horse welfare and addressing the practical and ethical challenges faced by equestrian competitors.

Impact on the Equestrian Community The long-term effects of these new regulations are yet to be fully realized. On one hand, stronger horse welfare protections could not only align equestrian sports with global standards but also enhance their public image. On the other hand, challenges such as enforcement difficulties, financial burdens, and pushback from industry professionals suggest that USEF may need to refine or clarify certain aspects as the rules are implemented.

In our upcoming exclusive Horse Talk podcast with Kimbrell Hines, Equine Lawyer, we’ll explore these issues in depth: how these changes shape the experience for competitors? What obstacles might trainers, owners, and show organizers face? And could USEF reconsider or revise some of the more controversial regulations? Stay tuned as we unpack it all.

Join the Conversation: Your Voice Matters As we prepare for our May 2025 magazine issue, we want to hear from you. How do you feel about these rule changes?

Are they a step forward for equine welfare, or do they create unnecessary challenges for competitors? Send us your thoughts, and we may feature them in our next edition.

Change in any industry comes with growing pains, and equestrian sports are no exception. While horse welfare must always be a priority, achieving the right balance between ethics, enforcement, and practicality remains an ongoing conversation—one that we are eager to explore with experts.

Stay tuned for the podcast release, and look out for our May 2025 issue for a full recap of the industry’s response, expert insights, and what’s next for USEF’s evolving regulations.

To learn more about all USEF Rule Changes please visit: https://www.usef.org/compete/regulation

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45

Marketplace

Akin Equine BC_Layout 1 6/17/2022 10:45 AM Page 1

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46 | The Horse Review

April 2025

Marketplace BOARDING

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48 | The Horse Review

April 2025