從建築到工藝 Architecture and Artcraft 設計 D esign
擺動 Swing
文／卡洛斯‧卡斯達內拉(Álvaro Siza合夥人) / By Carlos Castanheira(註1)
翻譯／張晉維(英國倫敦大學學院、巴雷特建築學院、建築歷史與理論博士候選人) / Translated by Chin-Wei Chang
攝影／Fernando Guerra
度、優雅 以及完美 的平衡，正是高 爾夫球運動最主 要的姿態。無獨 有偶，一座建築 從設計到建造的 過程亦復如是。
注意！那個動作
看起來是如此地簡單，但簡單的背後總免不了更 多的付出。任何案子都不可能在第一時間拿定主 意，即使總要有個想法，但接踵而至的卻是和原 始構想不見得大有關聯的努力和取捨。不過在義 大利文裡有個說法"a posteriori"指涉一種後設的分 析，它有助於辨識出一開始的起手式對成果有多
大影響，那可能是完工後的我們都已經難以判斷 的一種態度、一個概念、或者某種狀態。
位在台灣中部的彰化縣，台豐高爾夫球場的 重新規劃從一個以尊榮俱樂部為首的建築方案展 開。最初的藍圖，只是要打造一座全新的俱樂部 會所，即今天的嘉卿會所（Chia-Ching House）。 但經過縝密的通盤考量後，因應在興建該會所期
間的使用需求，我們決定先蓋一棟規模較小的 接待中心，也就是西薩會所（ Siza House ）。隨 著時間推進，基於迎賓和擊球動線的考慮，我 們又決定加上茶屋（ Tea House ）和門房（ Gate House）。
延續西薩會所的經驗，我們著手嘉卿會所的 設計：尺度上和功能上都更加複雜的它必須在基
地上融入擬妥的整體建築計畫，同時又維持自己 的特色和意象。設計定案之後，接下來便是一一 實現它們。但是，即使必要的球道調整是可行 的，球場的運作不能因為工程而停擺。因此，工 事的進行必須和球場的營運密切配合，保障每一 位會員的使用權益、舒適以及安全。
一個周延而嚴謹的設計從何而來？因為各種 機能的多重連結和主從關係（服務／被服務）使 然，導致建築內部的平面配置相當複雜，於是在 業主、球場管理階層和設計師之間必須有充分的 溝通，儘管建築的發想在一開始可能是個人的心 智勞動，但隨著設計的落實它終將成為一個團隊 運作（team exercise），包括其他建築師、工程師 和營造人員等等都會陸續加入，從建築物的起造 到完工方休。對身為建築師的我們來說，這是一 段既漫長又充實的旅程，在路途上我們有榮幸親 自設計、並且實際營造目前啟用的兩座會所：西 薩和嘉卿，這樣的建築類型和使用內容對我或阿 爾瓦羅．西薩（Álvaro Siza）來說，都是全新的嘗 試。 就建築的實踐 或說，設計建築的動作 （t he act of designing architecture）─ 這件事來 說，比起各行各業的專家，更需要的是有創意的 人士。因為設計方案需要保持開放，就算是其 它建築類型的案子也不例外。建築師必須傾聽 業主的聲音，研究地方建築（local architecture） 的傳統和特質，並保持警覺的客觀性（ critical objectivity），且從頭到尾對其保有堅定的信念。 因為，新的需求隨時可能浮現，設計變更在所難 免，甚至是家常便飯，這時候彈性和應變的能力 必須發揮作用。
無論踏上球場園區的會員、貴賓或訪客，嘉 卿會所都以展開雙臂的量體造形歡迎每一位的到 來。以不同形式或幾何空間形成的狹長量體在尺 度及功能上互通有無，因應所有在會所內產生的 各種活動需求：雖然高爾夫球運動是最主要的主 題，但會所的設計同時也支持其它社交、文化或 展演活動的進行。多功能的複合式建築物裡，空 間的多元化其來有自，它們接納了不同的群眾， 並將他們串聯在一起。
The principal movement in the Game of Golf, a mix of power and elegance, and perfect balance. Expressing the entire process of design and construction of a Building is a common problem. There is something else, beyond the simple technical gesture or response to a brief, be that brief more or less complex. A Project cannot be measured by the first move, even though it is the fundamental move. It has to carry a great deal of energy, a great elegance, even if doing so discretely. An “a posteriori” analysis allows us to discern just how important that first move is, or the attitude, or concept, or the something which we don't find easy to explain.
The Elite Club House building forms part of a group of projects for the replanning of Taifong Golf Course, in Chang-Hua County, Taichung , Taiwan. At the outset, the brief was merely for the design of a new Club House. For logistical and strategic reasons, we first developed the project for the small building, the Siza House, which served as the Club House during the construction of the Elite Club House. Over time other projects were added in – the Tea House and the Gate House – as support for functions such as welcoming the players and for playing golf, and also other activities. Their construction will follow.
On the Siza House we trained and then we designed the Elite Club House.More complex in size and functions, this new project had to become part of an overall plan, but which would retain its own identity and image.But the Golf Course was already there and though some adjustments to its layout were possible, the construction of the building had to be planned with the Golf Course in continuous use, all the while ensuring harmony, comfort and safety for everyone.
A well-considered and very rigorous design. As a result of its multiple functions and their interconnections and hierarchies, the internal
layout of the building was complex. A great deal of communication was necessary between the Client, the Club's Management and the Designers. Although the practice of Architecture may begin as something individualistic, it is above all a Team Exercise, with the other Architects, Engineers and Builders who are involved in this process. From inception to completion. For us – as architects – it was a long and fruitful process, where we were allowed to design and build – to date – two individual projects, with requirements and programs that were completely new for us.
The practice of Architecture, or the act of designing Architecture, needs to be carried out by creative people who cannot and must not be specialists. However, they need to have the openness – as with any other commission – to hear what the Client wants, to study the local Architecture, its traditions and characteristics. To maintain a critical objectivity and above all a strong conviction in the process of design, so that this can be relied upon throughout the entirety of the process. Flexible and adaptable to any new demand that might arise from something or someone outside the process, or even to a change that might be felt necessary, or even fundamental.
Volumetrically, the Elite Club House greets us with open arms, setting out the entrance for each member, guest or visitor. The long volume is fragmented into other forms and different geometries, complementary to one another both in size and in function to the activities that will happen in each of them. Although playing golf is intended to be the predominant function, there are lots of other associated activities, which complement it. There will also be other activities of a cultural or social character that can and will take place in this multi-functional building.Internally, the variety of spaces is a result of the variety and characteristics of each function and its interconnections.
就建築本身來說，特定機能空間彼此之間的接鄰，容 易造成使用上的困擾與不適，造成環境條件以及使用品質 上不小的損失。故嘉卿會所的設計針對功能多樣性（ multifunctionality）做過特別檢討，尤其空間與空間之間的介面處理 更是仔細，因此許多原本可能會產生的扞格得以避免。當然， 任何建築的成果都是一種妥協，身為建築師的我們有責任經由 光線、傢俱等手法，將僅存的空間問題修飾到盡善盡美。
嘉卿會所是一座龐大的建築，隨著球場的幅員縱橫，它在 球道腹地上蔓延開來的空間量體（volume）因為分散，讓我們 在建築規模（樓地板面積）上一度拿不定主意，設計的過程猶 如隨著它不斷往各個方向探索。好比高爾夫球的揮桿動作，它 擺動著，有時候緩慢、有時候使出更多力氣，讓我們也隨著它 擺動。
反倒是在會所裡移動的時候，偌大的空間尺度感會被區 別開來的機能和它們之間水平或垂直的動線中和，達臻平衡。 此外，室內的材料運用和燈光安排劃分了不同空間的效果和體 驗，透過精準的控制和設定，所有使用者都能和基地環境產生 互動。流動空間是現代建築的指標，假使沒有上場揮桿，你我 也能在此坐享蒼翠的果嶺綠意。
建築，無非就是對空間虛實、尤其光影加以定義，所有 元素都必須帶來能即刻享受的舒適：譬如光線，它必須被妥善 地調控而非放任；例如桌椅，若不在其位便有可能破壞環境。 怕就怕為了填補空間而勉強填充不需要的物件或內容，過猶不 及，同樣都會造成反感。
換句話說，倘若在空間裡佈署了太多節點，導致過多的 人、事、物聚集；或者，天花板上過度出現非必要的人工照 明，這些都會造成缺點不說，甚至讓建築變得粗俗且醜陋，得 不償失。所幸這些在嘉卿會所都沒有發生，因為業主無條件的 支持，這些平常層出不窮的弊端都沒有出現，我們能夠充分地 利用空間、材料和自己設計的燈具、傢俱克服以上問題，打造 建築中的建築。
身為建築師，我們是無可救藥的功能主義者
（ functionalist ） ，設計前提是以各種機能的需求為基礎來發 展，舉凡採光、遮陽、通風、安全以及其它一旦達成建築便 能出色的諸多項目。在這個過程中， Siza 和我不曾忽略地方 （pla ce）的存在，我們在哪裡做設計就跟哪裡的環境與時節共 生，只要遵循形隨機能的原則，空間的秩序（order）自然會成 就豐富而有價值的建築。
確認所有設計都執行到位是件浩大的工程，但最重要的不 外乎是看得到、感受得到的那些，誠如我們在嘉卿會所中的移 動經驗，見證多元的空間機能如何精彩地完美結合。當然，這 一切都不是偶然，舉例來說，材料的挑選呼應了單元的屬性以 及主從之關係；或者，整體而言，有時候是材料本身在空間序 列中的關聯性使然，而非我們人為的決定。
這麼說來，是空間自己提出了需求！為何不是建築師的 決定？這似乎難以解釋。可以確定的是在營造的過程中，建築 物會自己發展出主導權（autonomy），這時候技術相關的麻煩 可能找上門來，而我們反而必須去捍衛空間不言而喻的決定， 排除萬難。在我和 Siza 的 作品當中有個顯而易見的趨勢，就是 經常需要因應空間本身去設計它專屬的傢俱，甚至五金構件等 等。總而言之，我們共同的目標一致：要打造一件最高品質的 作品。
沒錯，為台豐球場設計建築是條走了十年以上的漫漫長 路，但正是我們和業主、以及所有參與者有志一同、對於最高 品質的堅持和要求消弭了途中所有荊棘，樂在其中的每一位弟 兄姊妹都甘之如飴。
如今，大功即將告成（還剩下興建當中的茶屋和門房）， 我已經開始懷念往返兩地的行程，包括在台灣的那些會議和勘 察，還有即使在濕熱氣候下、無論如何都要在打上一輪高爾夫 球後把酒言歡的知己好友們。成為一位建築師，便是與人為善 （to do good），那股「善」就是為在我們設計與建造的建築物 裡活動的人們帶來愉悅和幸福。
嘉卿會所已經在去年十月完工啟用，很遺憾的是我還沒能 夠造訪現場。不過，我問過自己它還有可能設計得更好嗎？答 案是沒有辦法。
那怕是一磚一瓦，可能都是身為建築師的我們必須去協 調、折衝、甚至拼命爭取而來的成果，舉目所見背後總有說不 完的林林總總。不過，成為一位建築師，唯有我們給予業主 以及會和他們共同分享與感受我們作品的你們 的一切，可 以賦予這項專業無上的榮耀。為了走到這一步，我們不惜為每 一個設計經歷從構思到建造之間那些無以名狀、卻又逃避不了 的各種煎熬。
成為一位建築師，就是營造事物：會在我們離場之後，延 續下去的那些事物。為此，向在整個營造過程當中參與的所有 人致上我們誠摯的感激，畢竟，建築從來不是個人表演（ one man show）。
譯註
於1957年在葡萄雅首都里斯本出生，於1976年進入 波爾圖大學建築學院（ESBAP／FAUP, University of Porto）就讀，成為 同一年被該校聘為構造教授（Professor in Construction）的Á lvaro Siza 學生。他從入學第二年開始， 1981 年畢業後赴荷蘭阿姆斯特丹建築學院 （Academie van Bouwkunst Amsterdam）進修與實習（1981-1990），直 到 1991年回國，1993年獨立開業前，前後長達十四年，都參與Siza事務所 的工作。默契十足的師徒兩人目前仍在葡萄牙境內維持互動，但更多合作是 在海外的建案。以華人世界為例，目前有中國江蘇淮安的實聯化工水上大 樓，以及台灣彰化的台豐高爾夫俱樂部：西薩和嘉卿兩座會所及其門房與茶 屋。除了從事建築實踐，Castanheira也活躍於教育、策展、出版等各個領 域。
In Architecture, function and space correspond very directly to one another and shortcomings in this will lead to disfunction, discomfort and almost always a huge loss of spatial and therefore architectural quality. The multi-functionality sought in the Elite Club House led to the carrying out of several spatial studies to address the relationship between these spaces, so that some contradictory requirements could be and were overcome. However, there will always be in this compromise, some contradiction or even disfunction, a sizeable challenge, that we – the architects – hope will be overcome through the richness of the space, light and comfort.
The building is big. We don't have a notion of its size on account of its fragmentation and because it spreads itself along the bank that overlooks the course. We never get to be aware of the whole volume. The volume moves and forces us to move. It sways. Sometimes slowly, sometimes with more energy. It makes us sway around it.
Moving around inside, the sense of the building's size is also lessened by its layout which is broken into different functions and by the circulation between these. Inside, the different materials and light create different environments, which allow visitors to enjoy the lush landscape of the Course, in a controlled and well-defined way. The light mustn't be excessive and so it has to be controlled.
Architecture is the control of volume, space, voids and above all the shadows and light which generate it.The elements needed to create wellbeing and comfort are all present.We added furniture and other pieces which, if excessive could unsettle the space created.Sometimes there is a huge fear of emptiness and a huge tendency to fill spaces with large quantities of furniture and other things, which in no way bring us comfort. Quite the opposite happens, they generate an enormous racket, causing discomfort and above all vulgarity and ugliness.
The same is true in relation to ceilings and the quantity of unnecessary artificial lighting, where lighting schemes are confused with what is comfort and above all beauty. In this building – with enormous support from the clients – it was possible to overcome these common tendencies and achieve a balance where, volume, space, material quality and light come together to make architecture.
As architects, we are first of all functionalists. It is from the demands of function – or functions – that the proposals stem and develop. Obviously without casting aside the place, our surroundings and the time and circumstances that we live in. Form follows function and for that reason it orders itself, acquiring richness and value. Function requires light, shadow, ventilation, security and so often other elements which when
carefully resolved can bring richness rather than reduction.
But it is a lot of work to ensure that everything is there, yet where only the essential is seen or felt.As we move through the building, we sense diversity, relationships and moreover a great coherence, of course nothing was left to chance.Materials were chosen taking into account function, but also the hierarchy of each space.Sometimes, the choice of materials is a sequence – or a consequence – of the spaces and then it isn't us choosing them.
It is the space that makes demands. Sometimes it isn't easy to explain how spaces make their own demands and how they don't depend on us. The Building – or Project – almost becomes autonomous and starts to make demands. Contradiction would negate its coherence and we must fight to maintain it. As in most of our work, we were given the option to study and design furniture along with other pieces.
There was a shared will and desire to have a single high-quality piece. The process of designing the Buildings for Taifong Golf Course was a long journey, but one where enthusiasm and the will to achieve something good and of high quality was greater than any mishap along the way.
Now that the process is complete – or almost so, as we still have the Tea House and the Gate House to build – I already miss the trips, the meetings and the site visits, so often in humid heat, where –incomprehensibly – there are those who insist on playing a round of Golf and then enjoying the company of friends. To be an architect is to do good. Good that will provide pleasure to those who live in what we designed and have helped to construct.
The Elite Club House building is now complete and fully functioning. I haven't visited it since its inauguration. I am sorry. I ask myself if it could have been better? I don't think so!
Everything is a consequence of an innumerable number of factors that we – architects – have to co-ordinate, negotiate and – sometimes even – fight for. To be an Architect is a profession that is honoured by everything that we give to our Clients, but also to their friends and the many others who will live, feel and absorb our work, something that is possible only through the participation of so many essential, often anonymous elements in the process of conception and construction of any building.
To be an Architect is to build things, Buildings. Which last. To all of those who participated in this process, our sincere thank you. Architecture is not a one man show.
