Bike Europe, 2025, edition 2

Giant chairman Young Liu:

Together we will make manufacturing in Europe successful

Can Eurobike match the upbeat vibe of Taipei?

ZEIST, the Netherlands – Mixed voices were heard about the state of affairs and future of the industr y at the 2025 Taipei International Cycle Show.

The initial expectation was that Taipei Cycle 2025 would indicate an industry moving in a positive direction again. While a series of fresh initiatives were rolled out to bolster the industry’s role in ESG, advocacy and future mobility, an industry-wide increase in the lev-

Taiwanese manufacturers report key sales growth

TAIPEI, Taiwan - The bicycle industry is beginning to regain momentum after two years of stagnation. Taiwan’s manufacturers are now beginning to report increased earnings for the first quarter of this year. Giant Group made a remar kably good start with a year-on-year consolidated revenue increase of 4 9% to NT$16.85 billion (€496 million). Merida reported that revenue for the first quarter was NT$7.57 billion (€224 million), up 29% year-on-year. Net income was NT$418.53 million (€12.3 million). Ideal reported sales in the first quarter of NT$743.88 million (€21.85 million), up 18% compared to NT$627.45 million (€18.5 million) a year ago.

el of orders remained unclear. However, the unpredictable outlook for the business due to the US-inflicted trade war has disrupted the supply chain at an unprecedented level. That was at the end of March, when the Trump administration had not yet declared its trade war. After 2 April, the bicycle industry in Asia felt the full impact of the tariffs. Taiwanese component manufacturers ended up in a similarly unstable situation as during the pandemic. In one day, orders plunged, yet customers returned just a week later to place multiple new orders, as US buyers rapidly shifted their sourcing outside of China.

For the moment, the trade war between the US and China is paused for 30 days, as it has in eff fect resulted in an embargo. The two countries agreed to a temporary cut of 115 percentage p oints to reci p rocal tariffs on each other’s goods. No doubt this pause is only adding to the volatility and unpredictability for the industr y, which was just recovering from an excess inventory situation.

Taiwanese production turns a corner For the first quarter of the year, the three bic ycle assemblers in Taiwan – Giant, Merida

Eurobike confirms dates for 2026 and re veals 2025 e vents

FRANKFURT, Germany - From 24-28 June 2026, attendees from around the globe will gather at Messe Frankfurt’s exhibition grounds for the world’s largest bike and ecomobility trade show: Eurobike, event organiser fairnamic GmbH has announced

Meanwhile, this year’s show is scheduled to take place on the Messe Frankfur t grounds from Wednesday, 25 June, to Sunday, 29 June 2025. Early announcements confirmed several events for the 2025 Eurobike show, beginning on the evening of 24 June with Leaders’ Night. This year, the focus

will be on consumer behaviour, market dynamics and future potential – specifically in emerging markets, according to Eurobike’s website. Eurobike has also announced that over 200 s tart-ups an d f irst-time ex h i b itors wi ll b e joining Eurobike 2025.

The trade show hosts an average of 30,000 trade visitors from dozens of countries and nearly 2,000 exhibiting companies, and reports growth in numbers every year. Eurobike has reaffirmed its position as the international indusry event over the years, with the proportion of non-EU attendees rising to 35% at the 2024 show. For 2025, Eurobike is already reporting increasingly diverse exhibitor participation from across Europe, Asia and North America, and expects to further grow its international significance in the coming years

and Ideal – reported very good sales figures after two years of decline. A US-Taiwan trade deal, which is currently being discussed between the two countries, could help to keep the financial figures of the bic ycle manufacturers at a healthy level for the rest of the year. The next stop on the international bicycle show calendar is Eurobike. From 25-29 June, the industr y will meet again in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, to discuss the latest trends and developments. Will Eurobike be able to capture the same energetic spirit and innovation-driven atmosphere that was experienced at Taipei Cycle 2025?

Halfords UK reports bicycle sales improvement

REDDITCH,

United Kingdom - Contrar y to the general trend in the British retail market, Halfords UK has reported an increase in bicycle sales in its trading update. The company’s focus on its range of premium mechanical bikes with a price tag above £1,000 (€1180), as announced last year, turned out for the best. Retail sales, which account for about 60% of its revenue, turned positive on a like-for-like basis in the second half of the financial year, Halfords said. Halfords ended the previous financial year with a 30% drop in its cycling division. The company expects its profit for the 2025 financial year to be at the upper end of its forecast range.

French bike market contracts further in 2024

Sustainability downplayed due to geopolitical issues

ITTIGEN, Switzerland – McKinsey & Company and the World Federation of the Sporting Goods Industry (WFSGI) addressed the two key topics challenging the bicycle and e-bike industry: sustainability and geopolitical issues. Is the industry prepared for 2025?

The fifth edition of the annual sporting goods industry report offers an in-depth examination of the key trends shaping the global competitive landscape. The edition features insights from two proprietary surveys, market research and analysis, and interviews with bicycle industry and other sporting goods sector executives. While sporting goods encompasses a wide range

of companies, including those outside the bicycle sector, its trends and developments largely cover the same topics.

Impact of the geopolitical situation

The sporting goods industry is facing a significant challenge on the horizon: 84% of sporting goods executives expressed concern about the impact of the geopolitical environment on their businesses. Potential tariff increases this year could significantly affect the sporting goods industry, particularly in terms of pricing as well as supply chain management.

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) and sustainability remain priorities for sporting goods companies; however, external factors as well as business considerations are forcing executives to make difficult trade-offs. This is leading to a lower

priority compared with last year.

For 2025, half of the surveyed sporting goods executives stated that sustainability is a priority for their company, down from approximately two-thirds in the previous year. In addition, the study emphasises the need for supply chain diversification to mitigate risks.

Furthermore, 44% acknowledge the importance of sustainability but are currently focusing on other business initiatives, an increase of 11% points from 2023.

Consumers are similarly conflicted. According to McKinsey’s research and analysis for the State of Retail 2024 – Europe, just one in three respondents pay attention to the sustainability of the sporting goods products they purchase. This is in line with other categories, such as furniture, beauty and personal care, and consumer electronics products.

What will you discuss at Eurobike?

Gauging market developments and benchmarking these with one’s own results is one of the reasons why industry peers attend international trade shows. What topics are on your list to discuss at Eurobike this year? Anybody involved in international business is likely to talk about topics like the impact of the trade war in the short and long term. How should one adjust to this situation, which seems to change by the day? The volatility makes it extremely difficult to make any plans for later in the year. The dissolution of excess inventory will also be high on many agendas. Can the industry finally leave this difficult time behind? The industry has spent the last few years speculating about when the excess inventory situation would be over, and many want to start working on a more forward-thinking period instead of solving problems caused by decisions taken in the past. Have valuable lessons been learnt over the past few years? One learning is for sure: the industry needs to cooperate to generate more data. Bike Europe has found a leading industry partner to build a data set that provides key insights to decision-makers in the bicycle industry, but also market analysts and investors. More on this coming soon!

janwillemvanschaik@vmnmedia.nl

Jan-Willem van Schaik Editor in chief

The 2025 Taipei Cycle Show took place amid a positive mood, even as market challenges persist. The inventory struggle is not over yet and the industry is still looking for means to dissolve excess inventory at all levels in the supply chain. The impact on the show floor was widespread – in a normal situation, the bicycle brands would be looking for product innovations for some 20 of their 2026 or 2027 model year bikes, but now it is only one or two models. This is a clear indication of how carefully bicycle brands are operating in the market. Many of these new projects will only be followed up in the case of a good bicycle and e-bike sales season this spring. Eurobike 2025, taking place from 25-29 June, will deliver the first market results.

Photo: Bike Europe

Shimano kicks off 2025 with a solid rise in bicycle component sales in Q1, signalling recovery

Shimano Q1 bike component sales up 15.6%

SAKAI CITY, Japan – Component manufacturer Shimano points to “signs of recovery starting to appear in sales of completed bicycles” as it releases its first quarter consolidated financial results for 2025. In a welcome sign for the industry, the company reports a 15.6% increase in bicycle component sales in Q1, compared to the sluggish start to the year in 2024.

Shimano ended 2024 with a 5.2% drop in net sales, with a rebound in sales coming in the second half of the year. This recovery has continued into Q1, covering

the period from 1 January to 31 March 2025. Net sales in the bicycle segment increased by 15.6% from the same period of the previous year to 87,972 million yen (€543.7 million), and operating income increased by 38.5% to 14,503 million yen (€89.6 million).

Recovery in European bicycle markets

“While the strong interest in bicycles continued as a long-term trend, market inventories remained high despite gradual adjustments. Overseas, in the European market, market inventories remained at a somewhat high level, while signs of recovery started to appear in retail sales of completed bicycles as demand stabilised,” Shimano wrote. The Shimano Group points to a particularly favourable reception for its Shimano 105 product and its gravel bike component, Shimano GRX.

Shimano disinvests in cycling apparel category

Increasing competition, shifting retailer priorities, and supply chain challenges have influenced Shimano Europe’s decision to discontinue its custom clothing brand, Milremo, and to streamline its regular apparel collection. Production and shipment of the Shimano autumn-winter 2025 collection will proceed as planned, while Milremo customers will have the opportunity to place one final order for their custom clothing before operations cease.

“After more than 25 years of investment in the cycling apparel category, Shimano Europe has made the difficult decision to scale back our activities in this area,” the company stated publicly. “Despite our best efforts, the further intensifying impact of Covid-19 factors has made it increasingly difficult to grow our cycling apparel business.”

“In the European market, inventories remained at a somewhat high level, while signs of recovery began to appear in retail sales of completed bicycles as demand stabilised,” Shimano wrote in its Q1 2025 financial update. The regular Shimano apparel collection will be streamlined to offer shoe covers, gloves, and socks, along with a limited apparel lineup. Shimano reports that this decision directly affects the jobs of 13 people, most of them in Shimano Europe’s Cycling Apparel division. This department is responsible for the development, sales, and promotion of the global Shimano and Milremo cycling wear ranges.

Shimano Europe’s Works Council, located in the Netherlands and representing the affected staff, was actively involved throughout the process. A statement from Shimano read: “We recognise that this is a challenging and uncertain time for them and their families. We are fully committed to supporting them wherever possible during this difficult period. We deeply appreciate their dedication and contributions to Shimano, and we are sincerely grateful for everything they have done.”

In the North American market, Shimano reports that retail sales of completed bicycles remained weak, but market inventories returned to appropriate levels. Similarly, in the Asian and Central and South American markets, sales of completed bicycles remained weak as personal consumption continued to be sluggish. But, market inventories have started to show signs of improvement. In the Chinese market, while demand was strong due to the popularity of cycling as a sport, market inventories have remained at a somewhat high level since the end of 2024. The component manufacturer notes that market inventories remained at appropriate levels in its domestic market, Japan, but retail sales were sluggish due to the soaring price of completed bicycles.

Growth forecast in major markets

In its bicycle components sales forecast for 2025, Shimano predicts year-on-year growth in Europe (+12%), North America (+5%), and Taiwan (+10%). Retractions in the Chinese (-10%) and Japanese markets (-23%) are anticipated. Overall, for 2025, Shimano Group forecasts net sales of 470,000 million yen (€2.9 billion) this year, with bicycle component sales forecast to account for 360,700 million yen (€2.23 billion) of this total. In 2019, Shimano reported net sales in bicycle components of JPY 297,800 million (€1.85 billion).

Impact of geopolitical influencers

“During the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, the global economy maintained strong growth on the back of slowing inflation,” Shimano wrote in its financial statement. “However, uncertainty with regard to the outlook increased due to the prolonged unrest in Ukraine and the Middle East, the sluggish Chinese economy, and policy trends in various countries. In Europe, personal consumption recovered as inflation subsided, and the economy continued in a gradual recovery trend. In the US, although consumer confidence declined due to changes in trade policies, the economy remained strong on the back of a stable employment environment. In China, the economy remained weak as a result of stagnant domestic demand caused by the recession in the real estate sector.” Despite challenging market conditions, Shimano reported continued interest in bicycles and fishing tackle. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2025, total net sales rose by 12.9% year-on-year to JPY 113,539 million (€701.7 million). Operating income increased by 20.3% to JPY 16,142 million (€99.8 million).

However, ordinary income fell by 46.6% to JPY 15,404 million (€95.16 million), and net income attributable to owners of the parent dropped by 58.7% to JPY 9,786 million (€60.5 million).

Thanks to the success of products such as Shimano GRX, the Japanese component manufacturer reported a 12.9% increase in total net sales for the first quarter of FY2025.

Photo: Shimano

Pon Holdings enhances focus on mobility as bicycle revenue declines by 8.7%

AMSTERDAM, the Netherlands – In 2024, Pon Holdings made significant progress in sharpening its focus on mobility through targeted investments and divestments.

Despite ongoing market uncertainties, Pon Holdings reported stable revenues of €9.9 billion, in line with the previous year when adjusted for divestments.

Janus Smalbraak, CEO of Pon Holdings, commented: “Increased turbulence worldwide has certainly impacted economies and markets. Amid these challenges, our company has successfully implemented its strategy, achieving healthy financial results.”

On a like-for-like basis, Pon Holdings achieved modest revenue growth last year, reaching €9.9 billion. The company’s operating result (EBITDA) rose to a record €920 million, an increase of 58.6% from €580 million in 2023, partly due to proceeds from divestments outside the bicycle segment.

The Pon.Bike cluster, which comprises more than 20 brands, recorded a slight 8.7% decrease in turnover to €2.1 billion in 2024, compared with over €2.3 billion in 2023. In November 2024, Pon announced the relocation of European production for Santa Cruz and Cervélo bikes to the Pon.Bike facility in Emstek, Germany, with production in Mainz due to cease from April 2025. In December, a reorganisation of the Pon-owned brand GT Bicycles resulted in much

speculation regarding the future of the brand.

Among the recent challenges are the reciprocal tariffs announced by the Trump administration in the US. When asked about the potential impact on Pon’s US bicycle operations, the company told Bike Europe: “We are of course closely monitoring developments related to the proposed tariffs. Tax policies and related measures are a given for an international company like us.”

In line with its long-term strategy, Pon undertook substantial divestments to “further focus on mobility”, explained Janus Smalbraak.

“In July 2024, we sold a majority stake in our Agricultural Products & Services business to CVC Capital Partners, and in December we agreed on selling Pon Equipment & Pon Power (PEPP) to Zeppelin Group.”

“The bicycle industry continued to feel the impact of oversupply in the post-corona years. In response, we strengthened our operations and continued to invest in product development, marketing and production. Clear milestones included the opening of our bike factory in Lithuania and the launch of Lease-a-Bike in the US.

Long term, bicycle markets will see growth, driven especially by leasing and electrification.”

E-car maker Rivian enters micromobility market, secured by €97 million investment

IRVINE, USA – E-car manufacturer

Rivian has announced that it has spun out its micromobility business into a new company called Also Inc. Supported by a US$105 million (€97 million) investment from Eclipse Ventures, Also will focus on small, lightweight vehicles, including e-bikes.

The micromobility market is not new to Rivian, as the company began its first programmes several years ago. On various occasions, reports emerged that Rivian was developing an e-bike, but these projects never reached the market. The company now states that the aim of these initial efforts was to explore how Rivian’s strengths in software, electronics and electric propulsion could be applied to create a more advantageous cost structure and a significantly enhanced product compared to current offerings.

Giant Group reports significant rebound in OEM orders

TAICHUNG, Taiwan – Giant Group has made an exceptionally strong start to the year, with consolidated revenue rising by 4.9% year-on-year to NT$16.85 billion (€496 million). According to the Giant board of directors, this growth is attributed to a significant rebound in OEM orders.

Regarding own-brand sales, Q1 revenue was relatively moderate due to a high base in China’s domestic market the previous year. Nonetheless, cycling remains popular in China, and with demand in the US and European markets gradually recovering, the forthcoming peak season is expected to drive stronger sales in Q2 and Q3. In the first quarter of 2025, the gross margin rate stood at 17.8%, while operating profit reached NT$0.42 billion (€12.4 million), a decrease of 21.7%. Net profit before

tax was NT$0.49 billion (€14.1 million), down 40.4% compared to the same period last year.

Net profit after tax totalled NT$0.37 billion (€10.1 million), reflecting a year-on-year decline of 29.3%. This optimistic outcome was already evident in the monthly revenue development. February, in particular, was positive, with revenue growing by 30.9%, while results showed a slight decline in January (-2.2%) and March (-5.3%).

Leveraging its well-established global manufacturing network and strategic flexibility, Giant

The launch of Also, combined with the additional investment from Eclipse Ventures, has moved the project into a new phase and brought market introduction closer.

Unlocking e-bike market potential

“As these efforts progressed, it became clear that our approach had the potential to unlock a significant opportunity that warranted its own company – optimised around different products, brand positioning and markets,” the company recently reported.

Rivian retains a substantial minority stake in Also, even after the additional investment by venture capital fund Eclipse Ventures. Rivian founder and CEO RJ Scaringe will serve as chairman of Also’s board of directors.

“For the world to fully transition to electrified transportation, a range of vehicle types and form factors will be needed,” said Rivian founder and CEO RJ Scaringe, adding, “The innovations developed by the Also team will underpin a range of highly compelling micromobility products.”

Underdeveloped supply chain

Also will reveal more about its activities and products soon. In an interview with TechCrunch, Scaringe indicated that their first product will have a bike-like form factor. “There’s a seat, there are two wheels, there’s a screen, there are a few computers and a battery,” he said.

Scaringe also commented on pricing, saying, “It is remarkable that a good e-bike costs as much as it does. That reflects a poorly developed, highly tiered supply chain.”

continues to optimise production across regions

In 2024, over 50% of Pon-owned bikes sold through independent bike dealers were e-bikes. Photo: Pon.bike

The micromobility market is not new to Rivian, as the company began its first programmes several years ago. Photo: Rivian

Consolidated results at Giant Group have increased, but profits remain under pressure. Photo: Giant Group

Group

and seize emerging opportunities.

Strategic acquisition to establish a competitive position in the e-bike market

Yamaha targets EU growth with Brose e-bike deal

BERLIN, Germany – Yamaha Motor has signed an agreement with German automotive parts manufacturer Brose to acquire its bicycle drive unit (eKit) business subsidiary. This strategic step includes the establishment of a new company, Yamaha Motor eBike Systems GmbH, to expand the business in Europe. The formalisation of the transaction is scheduled to be completed by June 2025, subject to approval by the antitrust authorities.

According to a Velotech analysis last year,

Brose held a 7% share of the e-bike motor market in Europe, whereas Yamaha had 5%.

The new Yamaha subsidiary established this month in Germany, Yamaha Motor eBike Systems (YMESG), will begin operating in June. This will allow the company to build on its market presence and expand its operations. Brose has been manufacturing and selling e-bike drive units since 2014, but is selling the division as part of a strategic realignment to focus on its core business areas. Yamaha will now leverage Brose’s eKit development capabilities to further strengthen the planning and development of new products.

Serving the European market

While directly linked to Yamaha in Japan, the new Yamaha company, YMESG, will work closely with its sister company, Yamaha Motor Europe, to serve the needs of the European market. To supply its European-based e-bike manufacturers swiftly and with shorter lead

times, Yamaha Motor Europe opened a completely new drive unit assembly line at its factory in Saint Quentin, France, in March 2024. By having an additional production base in Europe, Yamaha states that it intends to build an operation that can respond swiftly to local customer demands, giving it the capability to quickly grasp market needs, acquire new customers, and improve procurement competencies within the European market. Additionally, the acquisition will enable Yamaha Motor to enhance its after-sales service expertise.

Strategic acquisition

Considering the long-term growth potential of e-bikes, this strategic acquisition is part of Yamaha’s efforts to establish a competitive position and achieve the business growth outlined in its new Medium-Term Management Plan announced in February 2025.

“We are convinced that Yamaha offers the best conditions to successfully develop the business

further. At the same time, we would like to thank our employees for their commitment and dedication,” said Raymond Mutz, executive vice president Drives of the Brose Group. Both companies are working closely together to ensure a smooth transition.

Brose to focus on its core business

The announcement that Brose is pulling out of the e-bike market came unexpectedly. The automotive supplier announced in December that it anticipates only very low sales growth until 2027. Brose stated: “Our indirect personnel costs have increased massively over the last

10 years and are now more than twice as high as the wage costs of the production employees. As a family business, we have only limited access to the capital market and must therefore finance our corporate development from our own resources.”

At the proposal of the Executive Board, the Administrative Board also decided to reduce indirect personnel costs worldwide by around 20% in several stages by 2027. The first step is the reduction of around 700 jobs at German locations by the end of 2025, including around 520 jobs at the Franconian sites, which include the e-bike drive system production facility.

From left to right: Daniel Wolde-Giorgis (head of Brose E-Bike), Kenichi Muraki (executive general manager, Yamaha Smart Power Vehicle Business Unit), Raymond Mutz (managing director Drives Brose SE) and Hiroshi Takeyama (general manager, Yamaha e-Kit Business Division).

Photo: Brose Group

Kid’s bike company Woom hits historic milestone with €44 million in sales

VIENNA, Austria – The first-quarter sales figures for 2025 are in, and Austria’s children’s bicycle specialist Woom GmbH has achieved its strongest performance to date.

With sales amounting to €44 million, the company reported a historic quarterly record, representing a remarkable 40% increase compared to the first quarter of the previous financial year, 2024. During this period, Woom sold a total of 124,000 bicycles across both B2B and B2C channels. The company said it not only achieved substantial sales growth despite the ongoing decline in the bicycle market, but also continued to gain market share in all the segments it targets as a specialist in children’s and youth bikes.

“I am very satisfied with Woom’s performance in the first quarter of 2025,” said Woom CEO Bernd Hake. “Despite volatility in the bicycle market, our results show that we can continue to grow through innovation and targeted market and channel diversification.”

Expansion on the horizon

Woom’s first-quarter sales growth extended to all 40 countries in which it operates. Despite its already strong market presence, the company is growing at a double-digit rate of 16% in the DACH region. Markets outside this region are develop-

ing even more dynamically, with sales growth of 50% in the Nordic countries, the UK, and Benelux. The company has also succeeded in further expanding its presence in the United States.

Woom set this strategy in motion two years ago, when the company was still operating under difficult market conditions. While the market as a whole continues to face major challenges, a clear trend reversal is seen at Woom.

Woom Advisory Board chairman Kasper Rørsted said: “The impressive first-quarter figures confirm our strategy and strengthen our investors’ confidence in our growth trajectory. They are a clear signal that Woom can achieve outstanding results even under difficult market conditions. We see enormous potential to further expand our leading position in the field of high-quality children’s bikes.” (JB)

Rutger Oldenhuis LLM

May bugs in April

It’s May as I write this blog – the time of year when cockchafers (May bugs) emerge from the ground en masse. This phenomenon is remarkable in itself, as the insect has been largely eradicated in most parts of the Netherlands due to pesticide use. Each time, it’s a fascinating spectacle. After spending up to five years underground as larvae – being a persistent nuisance to my garden – they get to live above ground for just a few short weeks. In that time, they mate, lay eggs, and die. At dusk, you can see them flying around awkwardly, seemingly drunk. Every now and then, I spot one flying around aimlessly in April. Imagine spending five years underground, and no one told you that your moment only comes in May. Or maybe he (I’m sure it’s a male bug) just didn’t listen to his May bug friends – “Don’t go yet, it’s APRIL!!”

Naturally, this all made me think of the cycle of product compliance and product safety. Like the May bug, years of design and development can pass before a product finally hits the market. And how frustrating would it be if the timing were off – for example, because the product fails to comply with the latest legal requirements and technical standards?

Take the Radio Equipment Directive (RED), for example. Effective from 1 August 2025, radio equipment sold within the EU must (also) comply with enhanced cybersecurity requirements under the RED. Depending on the device’s functionalities, radio equipment must not harm network operations, must safeguard user privacy and personal data, and must incorporate protections against fraud. Manufacturers, importers, and distributors are responsible for ensuring compliance with RED.

Unlike the May bug, the example of the RED shows that product regulations are far from extinct. Despite attempts to curb the regulatory “overreach” of Brussels, manufacturers still need a crystal-clear understanding of what’s required to sell products on the EU market. And with the introduction of the General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) – a topic I’ve written about extensively – new obligations now apply to non-harmonised products, including the requirement to maintain technical documentation and perform risk assessments. And for non-EU manufacturers, it is mandatory to appoint a Responsible Person based in the EU.

Just as April is a May bug’s worst nightmare,

there can be serious sanctions for product non-compliance in the EU. I recently researched the fines that can be imposed in EU member states for non-compliance with the GPSR. Some countries have particularly strict national sanction regimes. These can include turnover-based or multi-million euro penalties, often combined with corrective obligations and public enforcement measures. That said, enforcement bodies do not typically impose fines as a first step. Their primary focus is on consumer safety, not punishment. As long as the company cooperates transparently and acts promptly to resolve the issue, authorities are more likely to issue a warning or allow corrective measures within a set timeframe. Financial penalties are typically reserved for cases involving deliberate misconduct, repeated non-compliance, or failure to act on known risks.

That said, any corrective action can already feel like a punishment in itself. Even better, of course, is to consider product compliance and safety from the very start of product development. It should be a logical and indispensable part of your development budget. After all, the last thing you want as a manufacturer is to spend years “underground” – only to emerge like a May bug in April and find it was all for nothing.

Rutger Oldenhuis is the founder and owner of RecallDesk B.V., a consultancy firm specialising in product compliance and safety, and EurHub B.V., a provider of authorised representative services for non-EU manufacturers. Contact: rutger@recalldesk.com or info@eurhub.eu.

Blubrake secures €12 million in funding

MILAN, Italy – The anti-lock braking systems (ABS) manufacturer for e-bikes and light electric vehicles, Blubrake, has secured €12 million in funding to accelerate its growth.

Founded in 2015, Blubrake introduced its ABS technology in 2018. With its nextgeneration system, the company is enhancing braking performance, improving rider safety, and helping its products stand out in an increasingly competitive market. Blubrake’s ABS is fully integrated into the bicycle frame and is compatible with a wide range of motors, brakes, and batteries, making it adaptable for various types of bikes and terrains.

“We are thrilled to welcome Fundracer, Algebris and Tri-Star as investors in this new exciting chapter of Blubrake’s journey,” said Fabio Todeschini, founder of Blubrake. The round was co-led by Fundracer, Algebris Climatech, Algebris Investments’ first venture capital fund, and Tri-Star group, an international automotive-grade bike components supplier to support scaling production.

Blubrake was supported by Growth Capital, a tech investment bank in the VC industry, as financial advisor. Blubrake’s ABS is already integrated into leading OEM models, with demand projected to outpace supply through 2025 and 2026. This investment will enable the company to scale its operations, expand production, and solidify its leadership in e-bike safety.

Austrian children’s and youth bike specialist Woom GmbH marked a milestone with a record number of first-quarter sales for 2025. Photo: Woom

Pierer Mobility Group pulls out of the bicycle and e-bike business

WELS, Austria – On 29 April, Pierer Mobility AG confir med it would withdraw completely from the bicycle and e-bike business during the current 2025 financial year. Pierer Mobility is facing significant difficulties due to the insolvency of its motorcycle subsidiar y, KTM AG.

In 2025, Pierer Mobility will focus fully on restructuring its motorc ycle business. This was reported as part of the first preliminar y unaudited key figures presented for the 2024 financial year. The motorc ycle activities of Pierer Mobility should not be confused with the independent bic ycle and e-bike brand KTM.

T he current inventor y of Husqvarna and GasGas-branded e-bikes will be sold off, while strategic options for Pierer’s 70% majority share in Felt Bicycles are still being evaluated. Last year, Felt Bicycles’ minority shareholders, Florian Bur-

guet and Cesar Rojo, relocated the brand’s headquarters to Barcelona, as reported by Bike Europe. It moved into the former textile factory that already housed Cesar Rojo’s design company, Rojo Design, as well as his premium MTB brand, Unno. With this move, Felt Bicycles had already distanced itself from the Pierer group. The announcement to withdraw from the e-bike and bicycle business marks the end of a once-glorious market entry by Stefan Pierer at Eurobike 2017.

A 32% sales drop

According to the preliminar y unaudited business figures for 2024, Pierer Mobility Group sold 106,311 e-bikes and bicycles, representing a sharp year-on-year decline of around 32%. The Austrians attribute the sales drop primarily to the disinvestment of R Raymon by the German founders, Susanne and Felix Puello. For KTM’s motorbike division, the company reports a yearon-year decline of 21% to 292,497 units last year. Of these, around 60,000 were produced by its Indian partner, Bajaj Auto.

Pierer Mobility’s consolidated sales dropped by 29% to €1.88 billion. Combined with significantly reduced operating performance and once-off restructuring expenses, this results in an EBITT DA of -€484.3 million. In 2023, the EBITDA was still +€323.5 million.

But that ’ s not all: free cash flow amounts to a high ne gative three-digit million figure. As a result, net debt increased to €1.643 billion as of 31 December 2024, and negative equity to just under €200 million. ( JB)

Battery repair company Nowos raises €6 million to fund pan-European expansion

AMERSFOORT, Netherlands – Dutch batter y repair specialist Nowos has raised €6 million in new equity funding to accelerate its pan-European growth and promote lithium-ion batter y repair as a key component in developing a circular economy. The round’s lead investor is Paris and Singapore-based venture capital fund Shift4Good, with participation from Fair Capital Impact Fund and Goeie Grutten Impact Fund.

Founded in 2019, Nowos initially focused o n the micro-mobilit y sector, repairin g b atteries f or e- b i k es, e-mo p e d s, an d scooters from major European operators includin g Swapfiets, Dott, Fel y x, Qwic, Voi an d Dance. It h as since b ecome a l ea d ing specia l ist in t h e l i f ecyc l e o f l it h ium-ion b atteries, repairing 90,000 b atteries in 2024 alone. This equates to 310,000 kg of waste diverted from premature recycling. “ Today, more than 80% of the batteries we receive can be repaired,” said Alix Armour, chief impact officer. “Repair isn’t just sustainable, it’s economically strategic. With the EU pushing for 70% material recovery by 2030, companies can no longer afford to treat batteries as disposable. Repair is now on average 55% cheaper than replacement due to rising raw material costs,

s torage, regu l ations, an d growing pressure to extend product life c ycles.”

New European hubs

With this new equit y and growing demand across Europe, the company plans to open new repair hubs in Poland in 2025 and Germany in 2026, adding to its current operations in the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom.

The funds will also support the development of a batter y passport system and the expansion of repair protocols to serve more sectors, such as energy storage, automated drones, medical d evices, an d power too l s. An a dd itiona l € 3 million in debt financing is still being secured “ This fundin g not onl y reco g nises the work we’ve done so far but also gives us the resources to accelerate our mission: making batter y repair and reuse the standard across Europe,” said CEO Prins Doornekamp.

Th e f un d ing a l so re fl ects b roa d er EU g oa l s around circularity, including a 70% material recovery target by 2030.

Pierer Mobility AG returns to its core business and divests its e-bike and bicycle division.

Photo: Pierer

Nowos is a leading specialist in the lifecycle of lithiumion batteries, repairing 90,000 batteries in 2024 alone. Photo: Nowos

Can Taiwan’s leading ICT sector revitalise the e-bike industry?

Taiwanese industry looks to regain momentum

TAIPEI, Taiwan – Taiwan’s leading role in the international market for ICT products could play an important role in regenerating the supply chain for e-bikes. In 2017-2018, the countr y’s bicycle industr y made a successful transition to the production of e-bikes. The strong focus on this highvalue product categor y gave Taiwan the opportunity to move forward in this innovative market. However, strong fluctuations in demand and supply have seen Taiwan completely lose momentum in the e-bike market.

In value, Taiwan’s e-bike ex p orts in 2024 d roppe d to a pre-2019 l eve l . In vo l ume, t he fluctuation is even g reater, as Taiwan is now back to the same level as when it made the transition to e-bike production. Taiwan’s position at the ver y beginning of the supply chain has caused the industr y to suffer seriously from this inventor y crisis. What are the options for the industry to win back its position? The transition to more sustainable business

m o d e l s l e d many d iscussions at t h e Taipei Cycle Show in March. The strategy of simply producing and selling bicycles and e-bikes on a one-to-one basis is no longer the only way forward. ESG remains highly relevant for staying competitive, but it should go hand-in-hand with a transition towards becoming an innovative, high-tech micro-mobility solution provider.

Th e in fl ux o f new com p anies in t h e p ast 10 years, attracted by the positive long-term outlook for the market, has also introduced many new business models, disrupting the industr y. At the same time, city authorities aroun d t h e wor ld are imp l ementing programmes to improve the urban environment.

B ic y c l es o f ten p l a y a k e y ro l e in t h ese programmes, and new service providers are

New opportunities?

eag erly responding to these developments. I CT solutions are ke y to makin g these pro g rammes easil y accessible for people who are not used to c ycling. Many features have been developed to make c ycling safer and give people a better experience, but there are many more possibilities to explore.

B esides sports and performance, c y clin g has b ecome a mo b i l ity sol ution targete d at urban dwellers with a different perception of ownershi p and different ex p ectations o f the service provided. “ The days of investing in another new e-bike or bic ycle brand are over.

T hat is too un p re d icta bl e, ta k es too muc h i n mar k etin g costs an d we a ll k now w h a t

inventory might lead to,” a private equit y investor said, adding, “Everybody is looking at new mobilit y solutions.” Will this open the door to new opportunities?

industry as main asset

In business programmes, Taiwan often promotes its leading ICT industry as its main asset. Over the years, some of the know-how developed in this industry has trickled down to e-bikes. Well-known names from the ICT industry such as Acer, Delta Electronics and Darfon have ventured into the e-bike market over the past decade. It has unfortunately come nowhere near to giving the e-bike industr y a competitive edge. Remarkably, the closely located ICT industr y has never seen the e-bike as a high-potential opporr tunity. Perhaps the huge gap in relevance for the economy explains the lack of interest. The ICT sector’s share amountt ed to 17% of Taiwan’s GDP and 50% of manufacturing in 2022 (source: Altradius). Compared with the ICT industr y, the bicycle industr y is ver y small, as its share of GDP amounted to less than 1% in 2023 (source: Taiwan.gov)

Compared to the ICT industry, the bicycle industry makes only a very small contribution to the nation’s GDP

Photo: Shutterstock

ICT

Giant chairman Young Liu

‘Close-to-market production is ke y’

TAIPEI, Taiwan – Industry leaders dare to speak out more openly about future developments now that the main hurdle of the inventor y crisis has been overcome. Giant Group chairman Young Liu spoke directly to Bike Europe about his plans for production in Europe and his focal points for his first year in this position.

In the announcement of y our app ointment as chairman of Giant Group, it was stated that y ou will lead the team in creating a new future f or the Group. Can you describ e what kind of future y ou envision?

Giant has always operated along two lines: OEM and own brands – Giant, LIV, Momentum, and Cadex. We will continue to support our OEM customers with innovations as a strong partner and, at the same time, grow our business with our leading brand, Giant, in Europe and the US.

Although China is our single biggest market f o r ou r own b ra n ds – wh e re w e d i st ri bute around two million units ever y year – Europe is our most important market in terms of value. For that reason, we will prioritise our sales and development in Europe. The US is our secon d - l arg est market, w h i l e C h ina is our th ir d most im p ortant mar k et. Here we experience less competition at product level, although digitalisation is quickly becoming more important in this market.

“We have to make manufacturing more successful again, and we can only do that together.”

In our competition in the European market, we are going to develop new business models as well as step up our activities in R&D, IoT, and digitalisation. For this reason, we will also ex p an d our Euro p ean h ea d o ff ice in t h e Netherlands.

What will be y our main f ocal p oint f or y our first y ear in this p osition?

The importance of ESG [Environmental, Social,

and Governance] is only growing for Giant, not only in Taiwan but worldwide. I would describe this as one of my main focal points this year. Especially for young people, this is an important topic, and the y are also willing to pay for the extra costs that often come with the implementation of ESG.

In y our 2024 financial rep ort and outlook f or 2025, you expected an overall improvement in terms of the inventor y situation. Does that mean the level of inventor y will b e back to pre-Covid levels, or are y ou preparing to go for a lower level of inventory?

Reducing our inventor y has been a ver y important topic in the past period, and we have been ver y successful in achieving our targ et. If I exclude the Chinese market, which operates rather independently, our inventor y level is already 10% lower than in 2019. The current m arket situation is still creatin g a lot of uncertainties; we must first get past this.

We still face rising costs and increasing prices for our supplies and final products. To operate effectivel y and be resilient in handlin g future market disruptions, we will lower our i nventor y level even further. We have to operate conservative ly un d er t h e current market circumstances.

Do y ou exp ect the wh ole supply chain or the comp onent manufacturers to be able to ramp up production quickly enough, assuming all big bicycle and e-bik e manufacturers bring pro duction back to pre-Covid levels?

Th e b igg est supp ly c hain pro bl ems are in Europe – t hat is a cha ll eng e f or t h e w h o l e industr y. In Taiwan, we don’t experience a big problem anymore. Our vendors worldwide have learned in the past years that Giant is a reliable and committed partner who meets agreements. We first need to tackle the issue of the supply chain in Europe, and therefore we have asked our suppliers to move forward as well

L ocal production close to the market is key to solving this problem, and we are therefore encouraging them to open a warehouse first and then a production facility in Europe

The call f or reshoring or production close to the mark et was raised more than 10 years ago b y a group of Europ ean bic y cle and e-bike manufacturers, without much success s o far. What will chang e this p osition when Giant gets involved?

We are not just asking them to open a factory in Europe; we pledge more cooperation and support for them. We give them our commitment for at least three years and preferably five years. In the past, it was still difficult to give th is l ong -term commitment, but times are changing. Industr y-wide, we have to make manufacturing more successful again, and we can only do that together.

Times have changed in Taiwan as well. In many family-owned companies, the next generation is now in management positions. They studied abroad and their English skills are well developed. Previous generations built up their businesses successfully, so the financial resources are available as well. I do not deny the scale of the project for us as an industry – it is a big challenge. We can contribute to this development with a stable flow of orders and commitment, which is essential in this phase of the pro -

ject. We see so many people in Taiwan who have the right skills, sufficient financial resources, and access to high-tech production technology. Together, we can take up this challenge, just as we at Giant did 20 to 30 years ago in China.

In y our previous role y ou were instrumental in esta bl is hin g t h e Bic y c l in g A ll iance f o r Sustainabilit y (BAS). In a recent rep ort, L e Monde Diplomatique made allegations ab out t h e work in g con d itions in t h e Taiwanes e bic y cle industr y. Were y ou overwhelmed b y this rep ort about the working conditions in Taiwan in g eneral? What additional action will BAS take to prevent these circumstances? BA S has ta k en concrete actions on socia l aspects, particularly human rights. Since its establishment in December 2022, we at BAS have committed to adhering to international human rights conventions. In November 2023, during the BAS Board of Directors meeting, I proposed hiring external experts to develop a code of conduct, which received unanimous support from the chairman and all board members. With the assistance of a chosen accounting firm, we identified seven key topics related to the bic ycle industr y based on relevant UN human rights conventions and local regulations. These topics form the specific items of our human rights code of conduct, which have been widely supported and signed by our members

Newly-appointed Giant Group chairman Young Liu at Taipei Cycle this year.

Photo: Bike Europe

Ja n -W ille m van S c haik

Led by strong e-MTB sales, Austria takes the lead in both DACH and Europe

Austrian e-bike market share breaks record

VIENNA, Austria – After an impressive Covid-related sales boom and subsequent sales decline and overstock, Austria’s bicycle market had already more or less returned to a ‘high normal level’ by 2023. Could this level be maintained in 2024? The answer to this question can be found in the latest data released by ARGE Fahrrad.

Jo Beckendorff

The preliminary forecast for the domestic bicycle year 2024 by ARGE Fahrrad, which operates under the umbrella of the Austrian Association of Sporting Goods Manufacturers and Retailers (VSSÖ), was rather gloomy. However, the final market figures presented by this national bicycle lobby group tell a different story: the 2024 sales decline was lower than expected. “We predicted the decline due to the challenging economic conditions, which naturally have a negative impact on consumers’ propensity to buy. But it is significantly lower than expected, especially in the e-bike segment, where we are seeing strong growth in

some areas, which gives us confidence,” explains Thalinger Lange managing director HansJürgen Schoder in his role as ARGE Fahrrad spokesperson. Last year, 395,426 bicycles and e-bikes rolled towards sports and specialist bicycle retailers.

This is a single-digit 6.1% drop compared to 2023. Unlike in many other European countries, Austrian sporting goods retailers are heavily involved in bicycle product sales in summer, to balance out their winter sports business. Moreover, ARGE Fahrrad points out that the given figures are retail sell-in and not sell-out figures.

Sales value breaks billion barrier again According to ARGE Fahrrad, total sales reached €1.055 billion in 2024. Compared to the previous year, this is an 11.1% decline. However, this double-digit decline must also be put into perspective: after all, this figure is not only the fourth in a row breaking the magic barrier of €1 billion, but also the third-highest annual turnover ever achieved since ARGE Fahrrad and its parent organisation VSSÖ began keeping records.

The total sales value drop is also reflected in last year’s average sales prices. These fell by 5.4% compared to the previous year’s record, to €2,669. ARGE Fahrrad breaks this figure down into regular bikes with an average selling price of €1,404 (-27%), e-bikes at €3,618 (-10.8%) and children’s and juvenile bikes at €480 (-7.3%).

Leading e-bike market share

The Austrian 2024 market figures also provide some positive outlooks for the indsutry as a whole. For example, last year’s e-bike sales volume increased by 2.5% to 226,067 units compared to the previous year. This also means that last year’s e-bike market share in the overall market was 57.2%.

This is not only 4.8% higher than in 2023, but also puts Austria in a leading position within the DACH market (for comparison: Germany: 53%, Switzerland: 45%). And that’s not all: with this market share, the country sees itself as the European e-bike champion. Austria is also the only DACH market in which 2024 e-bike sales have increased year-on-year, albeit slightly.

Finally, ARGE Fahrrad points out that a decline in the sell-in volume from the industry to retailers does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the current demand for bicycles and e-bikes from end consumers: “Demand within the retail world remains high. At present, retailers are covering consumer demand very well from full stocks.” In this context, it is also worthwhile for specialist retailers to take a closer look at the growing bicycle and e-bike segments in 2024.

When it comes to e-bikes, no one can fool the Austrians: e-bikes account for 57.2% of last year’s bicycle and e-bike sell-in unit sales volume and 77% of the sell-in sales value achieved.

Photo: ZEG

Sector shows resilience as market value increases 33% from 2019

French bike market contracts further in 2024

PARIS, France – After a sharp market contraction in 2023, 2024 did not fully reverse the trend. “The year 2024 has not been very easy,” summarised Patrick Guinard, president of the Cycle Commission of the Union Sport & Cycle.

According to the results of the 2024 French Cycle Observatory published by Union Sport & Cycle at the Vélo in Paris trade show, the French bicycle market generated €3.232 billion in turnover, a 5.9% decline compared to 2023. In volume, 1,956,700 bicycles were sold, representing a 12% year-on-year drop, for a turnover of €2.003 billion (-8.3%).

The bicycle market had already slipped to €2.182 billion in turnover in 2023, down 8% from 2022, with 2,321,000 units sold (-14% year-on-year). The 2024 results thus confirm a phase of adjustment but also highlights the sector’s improved resilience: overall turnover has increased by 33% compared to 2019 over five years. During the

presentation, Patrick Guinard called for an ambitious cycling policy, including purchase incentives without income conditions. The goal is to boost cycling’s attractiveness, support French production, and encourage its adoption for daily mobility.

E-bikes remain a market driver

The e-bike segment remains a major driver of the French market, but showed an unexpected slowdown in 2024. With 565,225 units sold, e-bike sales fell by 16% yearon-year, following an initial warning sign in 2023 when sales dropped from 738,000 to 671,000 units (-9%). However, e-bikes still hold a strong position: 29% of all bicycles sold by volume and 58% by value, with an average price of €2,045 in 2024 (compared to €1,967 in 2023). Over the past decade, the market share of e-bikes has increased tenfold. Today, e-bikes represent 43% of all electric vehicle sales in France (including cars, motorcycles, and scooters).

In detail, the urban segment represented 141,732 units (-27%), the trekking segment dropped by 14% to 211,443 units, the MTB segment decreased by 13% to 142,827 units, and folding e-bikes dropped by 13% to 19,247 units. Not all e-bike segments were

impacted equally: road and gravel e-bikes grew by 33%, reaching 14,140 units; cargo e-bikes rose by 5% to 34,643 units.

Conventional bicycles losing ground Demand for regular bikes continued to decline, although some categories showed resilience. In 2024, 1,391,475 regular bikes were sold, down from 1,559,000 in 2023 (-11%). Mountain bikes, city bikes, and folding bikes remained in decline, while road bikes (+5% with 120,289 units) and gravel bikes (+13% with 74,619 units) posted growth. The average price of a regular bike was only €375 in 2024, down from €553 for the entire regular segment in 2023. Particularly for gravel bikes (€1,498) and road bikes (€2,242), the Cycle Observatory confirms an upward shift in quality.

Regarding distribution, the 2024 Cycle Observatory stated that, in volume, the market is led by the “big chains” (62% market share, around 1.2 million units) such as Intersport and Decathlon. It’s the same situation in value, with a market share of 53% for these stores (more than €1 billion). However, ‘independent’ stores are still at the top of the market in terms of average price, at €2,277.

French production under pressure National bike production sharply declined in 2024, with 495,308 units manufactured, a drop of 18%. This trend is particularly affecting e-bikes, even though one in two e-bikes sold in France is produced locally. For comparison, France manufactured 645,000 bicycles in 2023 (-24% compared to 2022). The decline is attributed to early 2023 supply chain difficulties and subsequent stock surpluses. However, recent investments (by companies like Arcade Cycles and Cibox) offer hope for recovery. The 2023-2027 Bike Plan sets an ambitious target: assembling 2 million bicycles annually by 2030. Regarding external trade, over 70% of imports come from Europe, strengthening the link between European production and the French market. Members of Union Sport & Cycle expressed optimism for 2025. “I am convinced that bicycles have many strengths. The first, and perhaps most important, is their environmental benefit. Bicycles are the most eco-friendly mode of transport available. The bicycle industry employs 20,000 people in manufacturing and retail. And we’re hiring, with 500 positions to fill in repair and sales,” said André Ghestem, director of the Cycle and Active Mobility Commission at Union Sport & Cycle.

French bike retailers and manufacturers continue to adapt amid a third consecutive year of market contraction.

Photo: Michel de Chavanon

Michel de Chavanon

Adoption of e-bikes continues as sales triple in recent years, but…

Sweden’s industry is facing significant challenges

STOCKHOLM, Sweden – Recent figures from the Swedish industry association Cykelbranschen show that bicycle sales volumes have almost halved in the last 11 years, and the decline is ongoing. These market trends have recently been confirmed by leading local bike retailers.

Eugene Gerden

Joakim Arvidsson, a store manager at Sportson, Sweden’s largest bicycle specialist chain in Gothenburg, said in a recent interview with Swedish TV4 that many people would rather come in and repair their old bikes than buy new models. This has led to a rapid increase in the workload of workshops specialising in bike repairs in most cities across the country, but at the same time has put pressure on new bicycle sales.

E-bike category growing

According to data from Cykelbranschen, current annual bike sales in Sweden – the largest country in the Nordic region – vary between 240,000 and 250,000 units, down from almost 600,000 units about 10 years ago. The only segment that has shown positive dynamics in

those years is e-bikes, with demand still rising. According to local analysts, e-bike sales in Sweden have tripled in the last several years to about 100,000 annually at present. The increase in e-bike sales has not been enough to compensate for the loss of market volume in mechanical bicycles, reports Cykelbranschen.

The overall situation in the Swedish bike sector remains complex due to a number of bankruptcies among both local bike producers and retailers. In addition to tough economic conditions and weak demand, the industry’s fragile financial position is also due to high inventory levels. Like in many other countries, companies in Sweden created an imbalance in supply by increasing order levels during the pandemic to prevent long lead times, followed by a decline in demand.

Learning from the Danish market Market challenges are further exacerbated as the level of investment in the sector, as well as the development of cycling infrastructure in Sweden, is significantly lagging behind many other European countries. Learning from the experience of neighbouring Denmark and its capital Copenhagen may be one option to change this downward trend. In Copenhagen, 50% of all transport is currently accounted for by bicycle. In this regard, initiatives by several city authorities to build multi-lane cycle paths in most urban areas and the countryside might sound

promising but have not yet been finalised. In recent years, some 1,110 km of cycle paths have been created, resulting in a nationwide total of 2,500 km. For this purpose, the Swedish Transport Administration invested around SEK 700 million (€63 million). These investments were part of Sweden’s environmental commitments to reduce car use and boost the popularity of e-bikes and bicycles.

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Popularity of cycling

Taking the current economic situation into account, demand for cycling in Sweden remains high. According to data from the Swedish National Cycling Council, just over one million people, or 11% of the population, cycle on an average day. This figure even exceeds 16% among young people between 6 and 24 years.

From niche anti-theft devices to now producing controller systems and complete drivetrains

Gobao’s customer-first mindset

Navigating a competitive micromobility market where technology is constantly evolving can be challenging. Despite this, Gobao, a leading OEM in electric control systems and e-bike drivetrains, has built its reputation not only on quality and performance — but on putting their customer’s needs first.

Founded in 2002, Gobao produces controllers and electric systems for e-two-wheelers. With its headquarters based in China’s leading tech zone, Songshan Lake, the company has evolved from originally developing niche anti-theft devices, to now producing controller systems, and more recently, complete drivetrains. In fact, they supply the industry’s top manufacturers with over 30 million controllers every year.

Tailored solutions for various markets

The launch of their European branch came in 2018 when the company decided it needed to be closer to its customers. “Our main aim with the Germany office was to learn, adapt, and co-create solutions that would work across regions and regulations,” says Jack Brandsen, CSO of Gobao in Europe.

When operating across diverse markets, it’s essential to offer fast turnaround times and flexibility. To ensure this, the company holds regular client meetings where products are developed in collaboration with their customers.

“Our ability to adapt and integrate system preferences for different markets is actually one of our key strengths,” Brandsen clarifies. “No two OEMs want the same thing. One may prioritise hill-climbing power; another may want a silent, smooth city cruiser. We don’t offer a one-size-fits-all system, we build what fits. It’s in our DNA, considering our controller business.”

Investing in research and development

But the company’s commitment to innovation is also evident from the substantial investments they make in research and development. Allocating over 8% of their annual reve-

nue, Gobao works with over 450 R&D employees to reinforce their market leadership; the result of which has produced over 400 patented technologies. One of their best sellers is the popular P100 motor, praised for its natural ride feel thanks to precise power precision following the rider’s input.

“Many companies push technology out. We pull feedback in,” says Brandsen. “Whether it’s a tweak in torque response, a custom integration, or regional regulatory compliance, we work together with everyone from engineers to system experts and even sales teams to get the desired results.”

And the results do speak for themselves. Gob-

ao’s e-bike system, which launched commercially in 2023, after a successful field validation with an EU brand and a US-based brand, quickly gained traction for its refined control and customisable features.

Precision without compromising quality

Behind Gobao’s customer-first approach lies a powerful industrial backbone. With a 40,000+ square meter production facility equipped with high levels of automation, the company even tracks every production step with QR-codes. This level of traceability is essential when shipping components large scale. “When you’re producing tens of millions of units, quality isn’t a feature, it’s a necessity,” Brandsen clarifies. “You don’t want any recalls at this volume so you have to build reliable parts.”

It’s this philosophy that sets Gobao apart from its competitors. It wants to make electric mobility accessible, intuitive, and enjoyable for every rider, where products focus on ease of use as well as increased system efficiency and personalisation. “Our mission is to make the complex simple for both our customers and end users,” says Brandsen. “If we keep putting customer needs first, everything else follows.

This article is sponsored by Gobao.

Swedish retailers report a rapid increase in the workload of their workshops.

Photo: XXL

‘Adaptive e-bikes and e-trikes are a way for people with special needs to enjoy cycling’

Pfautec empowers mobility for people with disabilities

An area that is often overlooked in the ebike industry is how electric assisted bicycles and tricycles can hugely benefit the elderly and those with disabilities.

Carefully engineered e-bikes and e-trikes that are stable, secure and adapt to the specific needs of the rider can offer a relatively new and inclusive mode of transport.

Pfautec, a company that started in 1999, specialises in the development, design and manufacture of rehabilitation and mobility products. From e-bikes to e-trikes, the core value behind their business is to offer solutions suitable for all situations and walks of life – and that means including those who have limited mobility.

“Adaptive e-bikes and e-trikes are a fantastic way for people with special needs to enjoy cycling. It gives them a sense of independence and freedom whilst also promoting exercise,” says Flora Colling from International Sales.

Locally sourced components

“We invest in superior quality, because that’s what makes a difference in terms of ensuring that the rider feels safe,” says Colling. “All of our bicycles and tricycles are constructed and assembled in house in Germany to uphold their reliability and durability standards, giving users and caregivers that peace of mind.” Their product range includes more than 20 items; three quarters of which have pedal assist.

The company also produces custom-built bikes and trikes, starting from the initial design phase through to their construction and assembly. Additionally, most of the components they use are also locally sourced, from Ansmann front motors to Bosch engines. This recognised quality is the reason behind their popularity and also why their products can be found in more than 20 countries around the world; 16 of which are in Europe.

“Our products are specifically designed with comfort and security in mind. We want to promote independence and restore the quality of life for those who have mobility restrictions because we know that this will also boost their confidence,” Colling explains.

Building confidence on wheels

Embracing a positive corporate culture also means incorporating social responsibility.

Colling: “We invest a lot of time in working not just with, but for our customers, continually striving to innovate and improve upon existing models.”

Pfautec e-bikes and e-trikes offer stability first, giving riders the confidence to balance easily and trust that their bike will support them. The low-step through frame reduces the physical strain of getting on and off of the bike, and the pedal assist makes it easier to endure longer distances, especially with inclines.

An upright seating position further enhances the riding experience by improving visibility and control. Unlike traditional bikes that require a forward-leaning posture, this design supports better posture, reduces strain on the back, and allows riders to keep a clearer eye on traffic and their surroundings. With the individually adjustable air suspensions and ergonomic controls, their e-bikes and e-trikes can also be adapted to each individual’s body type or phys-

ical need. The fear of falling is also ruled out with a tricycle, for example, because it’s stable, even when it’s stationary.

Rehabilitation

These adapted bicycles and tricycles also serve as valuable tools for rehabilitation, helping individuals with mobility restrictions to strengthen their muscles, improve coordination, and rebuild confidence. While conventional bikes may be out of reach for those living with neuromuscular conditions or other challenges that demand greater stability or custom seating and controls, adaptive bikes offer an inclusive alternative. By prioritizing safety, independence, and comfort, they empower users without compromising their dignity.

Smoo and Fena

This year, the company introduces two new models in its compact e-bike range: the Smoo and the Fena. Both are developed with a focus on comfort, stability, and everyday usability—offering an alternative for those who seek extra support but prefer not to use a tricycle. The upright seating position provides better visibility in traffic and a more relaxed posture, which can be beneficial for both comfort and safety. Additionally, the individually adjustable air suspension allows for optimal frame adjustment based on the rider’s weight.

The Smoo is an easy-to-ride e-bike that includes:

• a unique frame, designed so that cyclists can ride in a relaxed upright position,

• sturdy stops where riders can stay seated with both feet on the ground,

Become a dealer

Becoming a Pfautec dealer is a simple process. By placing an initial order of one to five models, businesses can quickly gain authorised dealer status— without excessive paperwork. This streamlined approach makes it easy to get started and provides access to a range of benefits, including:

• A dedicated point of contact

• Direct access to our service team

• A comprehensive training platform

• A B2B store for streamlined ordering

• No need for bulk orders or long-term planning

• an adjustable frame to cater for a range of rider’s heights from 1.45m to 1.83m,

• easy handling without committing to a tricycle,

• and individually adjustable air suspensions for personalised comfort.

The Fena is a next gen upgrade of the popular S1 and S3 models and includes:

• a low step-through frame for easy access,

• An integrated suspension fork,

• hydraulic rim brakes for precision,

• multiple colour options,

• and is available with or without electric-assistance.

Pfautec is also gearing up to present a wide range of new products and exclusive models at this year’s Eurobike fair.

This article is sponsored by Pfautec.

Colling: ‘All of our bicycles and tricycles are constructed and assembled in house in Germany.’

‘The low-step through frame reduces the physical strain of getting on and off of the bike.’

Spain still has huge potential to increase sales of e-bikes

Market turnover contracts 6.5% in Spain

MADRID, S p ain – The S p anish

b ic y cle industr y closed 2024 with a decrease in turnover f or the t hird consecutive y ear. In line with n eighbouring markets, turnover in the S panish cycling secto r r emains above p re- p andemic l evels but contracted by 6 .5% in 2 024 , to €2.3 billion includin g p arts and accessor i es.

The national trade association AMBE reported that, after three years of corrections in turnover and bic ycle sales, the market is showing signs of stabilisation and remains ab ove pre-pan d emic l eve l s. A l t h oug h t h e Spanish bic ycle industr y reduced its turnover by 6.5% in 2024, this is a slightly lower figure than in 2023 (-8.79%)

In 2024, the sector had a turnover of €2 315 billion, following the adjustment pattern of recent years in all product families: bicycles, accessories and components. Bic ycle sales fell by 12.8% to 1.10 million units sold and €1.286 billion in turnover (-5.6%). “The sector is facing years of adjustment as a consequence of the disruptions caused by the pandemic in the supply chain. Although 2024 already reflects signs of stabilisation and a gradual return to normality, data from the coming months will

be key to confirming this trend,” commented Jesús Freire, AMBE’s secretary general, during the presentation of the report.

E-bike sales contract

Furthermore, almost 195,000 electric bic ycles were sold in Spain in 2024, the lowest figure since 2020, but 36% higher than in 2019 (143,000 units). Electric mountain bikes (101,428 units), followed by electric mobilit y bikes ( 74,644 units ) , were amon g the top sellers in this category last year.

Spain has been a slower adopter of e-bikes than other European markets, such as the Netherlands, Germany and France. In 2024, as total e-bike sales fell by 19%, their marke t share also decreased by 2 percentage points, dropping to 18%. In terms of average prices, e-bikes stabilised at over €2,500 (€2,555.28 in 2024 vs €2,549 in 2023), after the peak in 2022 of €2,940 11

The average price of a bic ycle sold in Spain increased by 4.6% in 2024 to €1,167, driven mainly by the electric bicycle and following a price reduction in 2023. The average price for road bikes was €1,724.59, followed by mountain bikes (€1,064.48). In total, the average price of a bicycle sold in Spain increased by 4.6% in 2024. Turnover also fell in 2024 in components, but especially in shoes (-8.8%), textiles (-7.8%) and helmets (-7.4%), which suffered greater corrections than in 2023.

Strong domestic production

The positive note, compared to the rest of the European markets, is domestic bic ycle production. In 2024, 309,900 bicycles were produced in Spain (2.9% more than in 2023), worth €240 1 million (2.2% less), making it the fourth-best y ear in terms o f turnover in t h e h istorica l series. The complete sector directly employs more than 24,000 people in Spain, including manufacturers, importers, distributors, points of sale, and rental and repair companies. In 2024, the number of IBDs in Spain was 2,916,

this a 3% drop compared to the previous year.

Despite being a market where the margin for g rowth in bic y cle mobilit y and the use o f electric bicycles is enormous, AMBE’s repor t highlights significant declines in sales last year.

“Spain still has huge potential to increase the s a l es o f e l ectric b icyc l es, compare d to ou r European neig hb ours – f isca l po l icies, goo d in f rastructure and su pp ort f or t h e purchase of e- b i k es have proven to b e t h e b est too l s t o p romote them,” concluded Jesús Freire, S ecretar y General of AMBE.

Production, exports, and the sector’s trade balance all see growth in 2024

Italian bicycle market stabilises

MILAN, Italy – After two years of double-digit declines, the Italian bicycle market seems to have stabilised. In 2024, over 1.3 million units were sold, marking a modest 0.7% decrease compared to previous years. This positive signal comes from Italy’s trade association Confindustria ANCMA, which recently unveiled its market figures.

According to ANCMA, this result helps counterbalance the effects of fluctuating government incentives, record-breaking sales in 2020 and 2021, g lobal supply c h ain c h a ll en g es, an d mark et oversupp ly Despite lingering uncertainties, production, exports, and the sector’s trade balance all saw growth. The industr y’s €2.6 billion turnover remains on par with 2023 figures and is 24% higher than pre-Covid levels, largely fuelled by the continued rise of e-bikes.

E-bike sales jump since 2019

The electric bike segment continues its growth, with 274,000 units sold – a slight 0.3% increase

over 2023 and a 40% jump compared to 2019. E-bikes now account for 20% of all bicycle sales in Italy, up from just 11% in the pre-Covid era. While e-bike volumes in Italy remain lower than in other European markets, the segment is experiencing robust domestic production growth (up 17%) and export expansion (up 28%), signalling a promising future for the industry. In contrast, traditional bicycles saw a slight decline, with 1.08 m illion units sold (down 0.9% com p ared to 2023). Although muscle-powered bikes still dominate 80% of the market, their long-term trajectory shows a 29% drop in sales since 2019.

Over the past two years, aggressive discount strategies have made bicycles more affordable for consumers but have squeezed margins for both retailers and manufacturers. In 2025, bicycle prices in Italy remain largely unchanged. Traditional bikes, primarily sold through large-scale retail channels, maintain a relatively low average price of €380-€400, while e-bikes continue to command premium prices, exceeding €2,500 O n the industrial side, bic ycle production in Italy grew by 1.2%, surpassing 1.7 million units (both traditional and electric). More significantl y , the sector’s trade balance improved to €175 million, reflecting a more stable market equilibrium and reaffirming the value of Italy’s 230-strong network of manufacturers. These companies, primarily SMEs renowned for their innovation an d excellence, directly employ

over 19,000 workers, with a nearl y equal number engaged in indirect labour.

Industry leaders weigh in When reporting on the figures, ANCMA president Mariano Roman emphasised the resilience o f t h e ma rket “ Th e data co nfirm t hat t h e market has been supported not only by strong consumer interest but also by the commitment a n d d i scou n t effo r ts of m a n ufactu re r s. It highlights the need for continued engagement withpolic ymakers to ensure the growth of the sector, especially in the e-bike segment. There is still untapped potential in mobility solutions, but we nee d targeted measures to enhance business competitiveness,” he said.

He also noted the broader challenges facing the industr y: “Despite geopolitical and economic uncertainties and concerns over global trade con fl icts, Ita ly sti ll l ack s a we ll - d eve l ope d c ycling culture, adequate infrastructure, and sufficient user safety measures. The sector needs a push to stimulate demand, which can only be achieved by fostering a stronger, more unified approach.”

The Italian bic ycle market is showing signs of stabilisation, with e-bikes acting as the key driver of growth. While challenges remain, including pricing pressures and geopolitical uncertainties, the industr y’s expanding production, improving trade balance, and growing export numbers signal a cautiously optimistic future.

C laudi a Vianin o

Players in the Italian bicycle industry still highlight the need for continued engagement with policymakers to ensure the continued growth of the sector. Photo: Shutterstock

First single-digit, year-on-year drop recorded since Q1 of 2023

Taiwan e-bike exports turn a cautious corner

Rosie Burgin

In 2024, the Taiwanese bicycle industry faced a half-billion euro hangover as orders were slashed and production lines came to a halt, while flooded markets raced to clear their stocks. At the Taipei Cycle trade show in March, many exhibitors spoke of fruitful conversations with customers. The meetings have finally moved on from ‘inventory’ discussions to plans for the future. The most immediate plans were not to place orders – which would

TAIPEI, Taiwan – After a turbulent 2024 marked by decreased production volumes and excess inventory, Taiwan’s bicycle industry is showing early signs of recovery. While orders remain cautious, Q1 2025 export data suggests a gradual rebound is underway, especially in the e-bike sector. SPONSORED CONTENT

be an even more welcome sign for the local supply chain – but at least to discuss new projects.

Single-digit

decrease

The beginnings of this rebound can be seen in the latest export figures released by Taiwan customs. In Q1 of 2025, 90,559 e-bikes left Taiwan’s shores, a 9% drop compared to the same period last year. Although 9% is still considerable, it’s the first single-digit, year-on-year drop recorded since Q1 of

Bicycle exports slower to recover

Unlike e-bike exports, the number of bicycles exported from Taiwan is showing less promising signs of recovery. In Q1 2025, the export value of bicycles from Taiwan amounted to €177 million, a 25% drop compared to the same period last year. All major export markets except for the UK (+1%) saw significant drops in export value: US -27%, the Netherlands -17%, and China -42%. The significant drop in China could also signal the end of the race bike trend, which picked up in the country over the last couple of years as new export markets were sought to soften other losses. This weakening demand was also noted by Shimano in its Q1 financial results this month.

2023, when the inventory issue first began to take hold. The biggest year-on-year quarterly drop was 61% in Q4 of 2023, when 68,700 units were exported in the quarter compared to over 1 million units in the same period of 2022. In terms of export markets in Q1 of 2025, the Netherlands, the US, and Germany remained the top three export destinations for Taiwanese e-bikes. Not surprisingly, given the tumultuous tariff situation and many suppliers rushing through shipments of e-bikes,

exports to the US rose 18% to 27,000 units shipped in Q1 2025 compared to 2024. Germany also saw a slight rebound with 2% growth. However, e-bike exports to the Netherlands were down 14% yearon-year and just tipped 30,000 units. In Q1, the export value of e-bikes leaving Taiwan’s shores rose a marginal 3% year-on-year to almost €92 million. This also marked a second consecutive quarter of growth since export value hit a low of €57 million in Q3 of 2024.

SKS Germany launches first pump for Schwalbe’s new Clik Valve system

50% more air than standard valves

Cyclists can now enjoy a simpler and more efficient way to inflate their tires, thanks to Schwalbe’s new Clik Valve system. Thanks to a click mechanism, you can place the pump head on the valve in one movement – without turning or clamping. The result: efficient pumping, without pressure loss, with a larger air passage and without wear on the pump head.

SKS Germany is now the first manufacturer to introduce a matching pump: the Air-X-Plorer Click Valve 10.0. This floor pump has been specially developed for the Clik Valve system and is supplied with accessories that make it possible to make existing valves and pumps suitable.

the Air-X-Plorer Click Valve 10.0

This new floor pump features the innovative SKS Clik Tec pump head, which is attached to the valve with a simple click. It pumps with 50% more air flow than standard SV valves. The pump features an ergonomic soft-touch handle, a sturdy metal base, and a large, easyto-read pressure gauge. It also comes with interchangeable valve inserts for both SV and DV valves and is backed by a five-year manufacturer’s warranty. Like all SKS products, the pump is made in Germany. The recommended retail price is €49.99.

Clik Valve-compatible

For cyclists who already own an SKS pump, SKS Germany offers several upgrade options to make existing equipment Clik Valve-compatible:

• The CLIK TEC pump head (RRP €11.99, item number 12067) allows users to retrofit their current SKS pump without the need for tools.

• The CLIK TEC adapter (RRP €7.99, item number 12068) can be inserted into the AV opening of nearly any SKS pump head. A quick flip of the clamp lever and the pump is ready for use with Clik Valves.

• For riders wanting to upgrade their inner tubes, SKS also offers conversion kits for both SV (item number 12069) and DV valves (item number 12072). Each kit includes two valve inserts, a valve key, and dust caps, with a suggested price of €5.99. These are suitable for modern inner tubes with replaceable valve cores.

All products are immediately available through SKS Germany’s OrangeStore.

Chinese battery manufacturers looking to expand production footprint in Europe

Hungary a draw for e-bike battery production

TAIPEI, Taiwan – Two Chinese battery manufacturers, Phylion’s subsidiary Joycube and Greenway, told Bike Europe of their intent to open factories in Hungary during this year’s Taipei Cycle Show. As e-bike sales begin to dominate key European markets and new battery regulations come into force, localised manufacturing and servicing have become key focal points.

Rosie Burgin

Greenway Technology Co., Ltd. and Phylion Battery Co., Ltd. are both prominent Chinese manufacturers of lithiumion batteries for e-bikes and other applications. In recent years, both Greenway and Phylion have expanded their operations beyond China. The next step is Hungary, which is a logical location, with major players Accell and Giant both having production facilities in the country.

Phylion has established Chinese production bases in Suzhou, Chuzhou and Yancheng, with subsidiaries in the Netherlands and India,

serving markets across Asia and Europe. Phylion, operating under its now fully independent business unit Joycube, will open its factory in Hungary in June this year. Located one hour from the capital, Budapest, the Hungarian factory will add to the company’s existing facilities. “The factory in Hungary will be completed this month,” Steve Zhang, sales director of Joycube, told Bike Europe during the Taipei Cycle Show. “We hope to have started some small-scale production in June. We will start with a small quantity as we want to examine the local supply chain and also train our new employees.”

Servicing a key focus

“The main task for this factory, however, will be servicing our European customers,” added Zhang. “This includes the increased focus on refurbishing since the introduction of the new battery regulation. Recycling of end-of-life batteries will continue to take place in China.” By building up the European location, Joycube anticipates increased interest from European system suppliers looking for a more local battery solution. “We are financially very healthy, which has allowed us to invest in this overseas factory,” Zhang told Bike Europe. This is mainly due to the positive market sentiment in China and a new investor coming on board last year.

Greenway opts for strategic joint ventures

Operating in the e-bike business since 2011, Greenway focuses on the design and manufacturing of battery packs. Marking its entry into European production, Greenway collaborated with European partner Promovec to launch Viridus in 2019. In January this year, Promovec acquired the final stake in Viridus from Greenway, taking full ownership.

“The decision to exit the joint venture with Viridus was made amicably and by mutual agreement,” Greenway’s European marketing director, Anke Torkuhl, told Bike Europe. “While both companies shared a growth vision, the scale and strategic direction didn’t align in the long term. We remain open to future collaborations, but the key takeaway here is that we highly value strong, well-aligned partnerships to succeed in local markets.”

Production in Hungary in the pipeline

In line with this, Greenway recently signed a memorandum of understanding with a German production partner to establish a factory in Hungary. In what form the joint venture will operate, and who the German production partner is, was not disclosed by Greenway.

“By establishing a partnership in Europe, we can focus on localisation, leverage local expertise and accelerate growth, with production

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starting quickly – all without the complexity of building an independent factory from scratch,” Torkuhl explained. “Our approach is always to collaborate with local partners who deeply understand the specific market dynamics and can help us navigate the complexities of regional production.”

The opening of an Indonesian subsidiary, Pt Greenway Energy Indonesia, in November 2024 marked a significant milestone in Greenway’s global strategic expansion plans.

The Indonesian plant will also serve the US market. To establish the Indonesian factory, the battery manufacturer entered a strategic partnership with the bicycle brand Polygon.

Technological differentiation in drivetrain systems: TRP’s Vistar Powershift concept

Up to 530% range with a single chain ring

In the field of bicycle technology, engineers and developers are continually tasked with improving the riding experience and optimizing component performance. This is particularly true in the road and gravel segments, where every second and every detail matter. In these areas, precise, reliable, and low-maintenance drivetrain systems are essential. The Vistar Powershift group from TRP responds directly to this need, offering an innovative solution that not only pushes existing boundaries but also elevates the riding experience to new heights.

At the core of this innovation is the wireless shifting system based on TRP’s CommandTechnology (CMD), which ensures precise communication between the shifters, derailleur, and the CMD app. This system is further enhanced by Classified’s Powershift technology, integrated with TRP’s QuantumShift. The combination brings together the benefits of a 2x system with the simplicity of a 1x drivetrain. The outcome is a highly efficient shifting system, delivering one of the widest gear ranges available on the market.

Model variants

The Vistar Powershift group is available in two separate model variants: Vistar Powershift

Road and Vistar Powershift Gravel. Each version is specifically optimized for its respective discipline, featuring tailored specifications to ensure the best possible performance in road and gravel cycling.

Component details

At the heart of the Vistar Powershift system is a highly advanced 1x configuration, customdesigned for use on road and gravel bikes. What sets it apart is the seamless interaction between the hub and cassette shifting, combined with TRP’s QuantumShift. The gravel version offers 1x15 gears, while the road version provides 1x16 gears. The innovative integration of the Powershift hub allows for two gear ratios using a single chainring, without sacrificing the benefits of a wide gear range. With up to 530% range (using an 11–40T cassette), the Vistar Powershift group ranks among the most powerful drivetrains in its class.

Durability and control

In addition to its technical sophistication, the Vistar Powershift system offers several practical advantages. The hub can be shifted under full load, and by eliminating the front derailleur, the risk of chain breaks at the front is completely removed. With improved aerodynamics, simple control via a single shifter, and enhanced relia-

bility, this system is particularly well-suited for demanding tours and competitions. Moreover, high-quality materials and thoughtful manufacturing ensure great durability, even in the harshest road and gravel conditions.

Versatility with a system

Although Vistar Powershift addresses both

road and gravel segments, the system is not universally interchangeable. The clear separation between road and gravel variants is a key part of the concept. Each model is optimized for its specific discipline, ensuring maximum performance potential.

This article is sponsored by Tektro

Phylion, operating under its now fully independent business unit Joycube, will open its factory in Hungary in June this year.

Photo: Joycube

Taking stock of reports of human rights violations within the industry

Taiwan bicycle industry pushes back

TAIPEI, Taiwan – Human rights have become a key issue in industrial practices, progressing from a moral inclination to a regulatory necessity. This change is also taking place in the bicycle industry. The issue was brought to the forefront earlier this year when allegations of mistreatment of migrant workers in the Taiwanese bicycle industry surfaced. The Taipei Cycle show in March offered Bike Europe the opportunity to take stock of what is currently at play in Taiwan.

Rosie Burgin

Since the establishment of the Bicycling Alliance for Sustainability (BAS) three years ago, the Taiwanese efforts to push forward sustainable production have been well reported. In a collaborative push, major players including Giant and Merida gathered the industry together to shape and mould the industry to protect its economic relevance as a key supplier to lucrative European markets. It is these same markets where

scrutiny of production practices and supply chains is intensifying. The cheapest supplier is no longer the primary benchmark as bicycle brands place more demands on third-party suppliers to ensure their supply chains comply with ESG principles, including infringements on human rights of workers.

Accusations, rebuttals, adjustments

The bicycle industry relies heavily on manual labour across the global supply chain. A negative state of play for migrant workers in Taiwan’s bicycle industry was recently highlighted in a Le Monde report. According to Le Monde, debt bondage, passport retention, abusive living conditions, withheld wages, threats and intimidation have been common practice in Taiwan, with big names in the bicycle industry also being implicated. Following publication on Bike Europe, this led to rebuttals from the Taiwan Bicycle Association (TBA) and Giant Group, and commitments to make changes. One of these commitments was the signing of a human rights code of conduct during this year’s Taipei Cycle Show, with all 82 BAS members sharing the intent to protect workers in the country’s bicycle industry.

As a manufacturing nation, Taiwan is one of the remaining places in the world that legally allows labour brokers to charge migrant workers fees for services that elsewhere are borne by em-

ployers as human resource costs. In response to the allegations in the Le Monde report, Giant replied that they committed to paying recruitment fees, agency service fees and government fees for new workers since 1 January 2025.

Similarly to being at the forefront of disclosing carbon emissions, Giant aims to ‘lead by example’ regarding the treatment of its workers in Taiwan. “Regarding human rights, we are all committed to prohibiting debt bondage, including bonded labour,” Charlie Liu, ESG manager of Giant Group told Bike Europe. “Zero-fee policy is one way to eliminate high recruitment fees and there are different ways to achieve this, such as direct hiring from the country of origin.” But what does that mean for the rest of the Taiwanese industry and BAS members in particular?

“We stand in the shoes of BAS members to consult and learn from experts, finding out solutions and ultimately improving the alliance’s standards together,” explains Liu, whilst admitting this is a long process. “Training programmes will begin within a few months, and due diligence of selected members will commence within a year. However, expanding this to all BAS members might take several years. During this process, members will continue to share practices, upholding a spirit of honour and mutual learning, to create an environment that respects human rights with guidance from experts,” Liu confirmed.

International standards

Offering guidance is Lauren Chao, partner at accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Taiwan, who together with BAS members identified seven key topics related to the bicycle industry based on relevant United Nations human rights conventions and local regulations. She shared this in a presentation during the implementation of BAS’s human rights code of conduct at Taipei Cycle. She also discussed plans for Phase 2 of its execution. Chao explained how pain points had been identified within the industry which would be used to develop an independent code of conduct based on UN conventions. She explained how BAS has adopted international standards and voluntarily established a due diligence

Protesters from the Clean Clothes Campaign staged a silent protest targeting Specialized during this year’s Taipei Cycle Show. Photo: Bike Europe

management process to improve the transparency of Taiwan’s overall bicycle supply chain, implementing human rights management, and avoiding human rights violations.

Zero-fee hiring gaining ground

Taiwanese component manufacturer, VP Components, told Bike Europe during Taipei Cycle that it has imposed a zero-fee for migrant workers since May 2023. Migrant workers make up around a third of the component manufacturer’s production workforce in Taiwan. But economics are not the driving force. “Each time the Taiwanese government increases the minimum wage, we also increase this for the migrant workers and not just the Taiwanese workers. I think that’s critical. Some people want to use foreign workers because they are cheaper. But we treat them the same,” DC Liao, sales director, VP Components, told Bike Europe. The majority of migrant workers employed at VP come from Thailand and Vietnam. “These workers are housed in the same dormitory conditions as local workers which were built 10 years ago to a high standard. We have 300 migrant workers who are 50/50 male/female, and we provide physical health checks and physical therapy once a month,” said Liao. The migrant workers are given a three-year contract which is often renewed.

It’s clear that ESG is high on the agenda for VP Components. “Even though we are only a part maker and not an assembler or a brand, we think it’s important that ESG principles start from the very beginning, and we try to make a difference for the supply chain,” says Liao. As one of the founding members of the BAS, VP Components aims to share the insights it has gained. “The BAS is an important platform to educate other vendors who don’t know how to improve their practices. With a leading brand like Giant involved, they can have a big impact when requiring that their vendors follow ESG guidelines,” confirmed Liao, who acknowledged that some in the industry still have big steps to take.

Client Decathlon a driving force

VP Components has been hiring migrant workers for over 20 years, but 15 years ago changed its philosophy and approach to this. Within the last three years it abolished the practice of workers paying the debt bondage fees. Liao explains that this was also in part driven by a European customer, namely Decathlon, requiring all its third-party suppliers to meet certain welfare standards. “They are really pushing the ESG goals and showed us the world, showed us what’s happening in Europe, and convinced us to change. Other people might say, ‘Why are you

doing that? It’s an additional expense, and nobody wants to pay more.’ But in the long run, it’s actually an investment.” VP Components ended up being the first partner of Decathlon in Taiwan, of which there are currently only three. Vivian Hsu of component manufacturer SunnyWheel was also quick to distance her company from the claims in the Le Monde report. “We removed the agent fees for foreign workers about three years ago,” she told Bike Europe during Taipei Cycle. Of the 160 employees in Taiwan, around 25 are foreign workers from Vietnam and Thailand. SunnyWheel, which joined the BAS last year, was one of the earlier Taiwanese manufacturers to adopt ESG principles. As a result, they have a proud workforce. “We see foreign workers bringing in other family members to our company, even new generations.”

Specialized rejects protest claims

For a moment, Specialized became a focal point of the human rights narrative at the Taipei Cycle Show this year. Protesters held up a banner ‘Specialized pay your workers’ during a presentation being given by Bob Margevicius, executive vice president of Specialized. The protest was not directly related to Taiwan or bicycle production, but a factory in El Salvador which produced apparel for the company, another fundamental part of the brand’s business. The protesters claimed that workers were left unpaid when the apparel factory was closed. No comment was issued by Margevicius (who was also present at the code of conduct signing earlier in the day) at the time of the protest. But when contacted for a statement by Bike Europe later, Specialized states that it “categorically rejects the misinformation being circulated.”

The full statement reads as follows:

“Specialized has always stood for integrity, accountability, and respect for every worker in our global supply chain. In line with these values, we closely followed the situation surrounding the closure of the APS Apparel Factory in El Salvador in August 2022. Let’s be clear: Specialized’s contracted supplier last produced goods at the APS Apparel Factory months before the factory closed. At the time, the APS facility held a ‘Platinum’ certification from WRAP (Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production), the highest possible rating for ethical labor, safety, and environmental standards. When reports emerged of unpaid wages, we took action. Specialized launched a thorough investigation. The results are indisputable: Specialized’s supplier paid in full for all work completed. Every invoice was settled. Every obligation was met. No claim has ever been made that Specialized did not make all payments that it was obligated to, including

to any worker. Any suggestion to the contrary is false. We categorically reject the misinformation being circulated. While meeting every obligation, Specialized recognises the impact APS Apparel Factory mismanagement has had on its workers and has initiated additional measures to support these workers. These efforts demonstrate Specialized’s commitment among stakeholders to address historical challenges, safeguard workers’ rights, and build a more equitable labour framework.”

Bike Europe also reached out to protester Ray Cheng, who was present at the Taipei Cycle Show on behalf of Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC). Cheng confirmed that they had received no response from Specialized or shareholder Merida regarding the claim they were highlighting. To highlight the cause, the protesters first invited Merida representatives to a protest at the Merida concept store in Taipei a day prior to the Taipei Cycle Show. Since this was refused by Merida, they opted for the silent protest during the trade show instead.

Advocacy groups working to change policy As Taiwan grapples with a low birth rate and ageing population, reliance on migrant workers is needed to fill the gaps, particularly in manufacturing industries. Brokers make use of Taiwan’s labour laws to bring in workers from Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines and Thailand. One of several local NGOs advocating for change is the Serve the People Association based in Taoyuan. Director Lennon Wang told Bike Europe how high competition amongst brokers and the growing number of agencies supporting people wanting to work in Taiwan has even led to employers no longer paying for brokers. In a reversal, some brokers are now paying to supply large companies its workforce and make money off the resulting fees and debts.

“Everyone is a stakeholder in the global supply and should share responsibility, so not just the suppliers. Bicycle brands and retailers, the ones who have the biggest profits, should not only be auditing their suppliers regarding fair treatment of migrant workers but should also share the costs involved in the hiring process. Also, for smaller suppliers it might be harder for them to survive if they are taking on these costs. This would be more fundamental to eradicate forced labour in manufacturing,” Wang told Bike Europe. Wang highlighted that across Taiwan, especially in the ICT sector, the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA) – the largest industry coalition dedicated to responsible business conduct in global supply chains – has been auditing and pushing companies for better conditions. Also big brands like Apple are carrying out their own audits, so there are different levels of auditing taking place. “In the traditional manufacturing industries, which includes the bike industry, there are no powerful audits yet, so problems remain,” Wang concluded.

Still work to be done

What this case involving Specialized highlights is that accreditation and auditing may not be a 100% guarantee of compliance with human rights when manufacturing is outsourced as is often the case. However well-intended a company may be in its audits of third-party suppliers and due diligence, particularly in a global supply chain of multiple parts, like that of the bicycle industry, what actually goes on behind closed doors may not be what was agreed upon on paper. It could well be the case that some in the industry are still playing catch-up and not yet at the level of Giant or VP Components. But the message appears to be slowly trickling down, if not by moral inclination, then with the push of implementing international standards.

At Taipei Cycle Show 2025, the Human Rights Code of Conduct, signed by all 82 BAS members, was launched.

Photo: Shutterstock

Disassembled Chinese-made e-bikes at the heart of anti-dumping duty circumvention case

EPPO launches multi-national fraud investigation

LUXEMBOURG, Luxembourg – Several European countries have been implicated in a new investigation into customs fraud involving disassembled Chinese-made e-bikes.

Led by the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) in Portugal, 16 searches were recently conducted in Belgium, Germany, the Nether lands and Portugal to collect evidence in an investigation codenamed ‘Pedelecs’.

The Pedelecs investigation revealed that, since 2020, a Portuguese company has been importing disassembled e-bikes from Chinese suppliers in separate parts, with

the aim of circumventing the payment of antidumping duties applicable to the importation of fully assembled e-bikes. To this end, the consignments were deliberately misdeclared to customs authorities. “The estimated damage to the EU budget cause d by this fraud scheme amounts to €2.25 million,” the EPPO stated.

European resellers implicated

The EPPO reports that the e-bikes were fully designed in China at the request of several European resellers and then shipped in disassembled form to the Portu guese company for assembly. Once assemble d, the e-bikes were sold back to the European resellers in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands who ha d ori g ina lly p l ace d t h e ord ers wit h t h e Chinese suppliers.

With Portugal being the flagship for European e-bike and bic ycle production, the fact that the

The EPPO is the independent public prosecution office of the European Union. It is responsible for investigating, prosecuting and bringing to judgment crimes against the financial interests of the EU. In this latest investigation, the 16 searches in offices and companies were conducted by the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority (Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira - Direção de Serviços Antifraude Aduaneira), the German Customs Investigation Office (Zollfahndungsamt) in Munich, the Belgian Federal Police (OCDEFO/CGEFID) and the Dutch Fiscal Information and Investigation Service (FIOD). The EPPO stresses that all persons involved in the investigation are presumed innocent until proven guilty in the competent Portuguese courts of law.

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The next gen ring lock is ex the new benchmark for ew be anti-theft protection.

country has been implicated in an investigation of this scale and nature is sure to raise a few eyebrows. During peak production in 2022, Portugal exported around three million bic ycle and e-bike units, with a total export value of €800 million.

Investigations becoming more frequent

This is the third announcement from the EPP O s o far this year related to suspected customs fraud within the e-bike and bicycle industry, as the a g enc y steps up its investi g ations.

In Januar y , the European Commission

a nn ou n ced that i t w ould ma inta in the a nt idumping and countervailing duties on e-bikes imported from China for another five years to protect European manufacturing. With duties var ying from 9.9% to 70.1%, the decision was large ly met wit h l itt l e f an f are. Th e review to extend the measures, instigated by the EBMA, was based on the grounds that the expiry of the measures would likely result in a resurgence of dumping and recurrence of in jury to the European industry. For low-end e-bikes from China, these duties can amount to up to 80% of the purchase price.

Other views, such as those expressed by trade association LEVA-EU, argue that legislation has become so complicated that mistakes are being made unwittingly by those in the supply chain.

“While LEVA-EU firmly supports compliance

wit h t h e l aw, even w h en l egis l ation l ac k s clarity or suitability for the sector, the reality is that businesses are often left navigating regulations that provide no legal certainty,” the trade association writes in response to the latest EPPO investigation. “The only surefire way to avoid risk is to refrain from importing Chinese parts altogether – an unrealistic solution given the lack of availability of these components outside China,” it adds.

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In Belgium, Germany, Portugal and the Netherlands, 16 searches have been carried out by the EPPO in connection with a customs fraud investigation involving e-bikes from China. Photo: EPPO

New EU rules coming into play…

Will e-bikes remain classified as bicycles?

BERLIN, Germany – Several EU ministries announced already before the 2024 European elections that vehicle regulations would be revised, leading to changes in existing e-bike regulations. This immediately raised concerns within the industr y about whether e-bikes will continue to be classified as bicycles. If not, the industr y fears type approval and other restrictive regulations could be implemented for what are currently considered e-bikes

n - W illem va n S c haik

The German industr y association ZIV, in consultation with the industr y confederation CONEBI, initiated a consultation and technical discussion among its members on the future of e-bike regulations. “The legal equivalence with bic ycles laid the strong foundation for the success of the e-bike. To ensure this legal equivalence in the long term, we are proposing a more precise d e f inition an d limiting parameters for the e-bike,” said Tim Salatzki, head of Technology and Standardisation at ZIV and the corresponding working group at CONEBI.

Are the regulations restrictive?

The parameters proposed by the industr y organisations are the result of many discussions.

“Initiall y , the industr y wanted to limit the maximum motor output to 600W, but this has now been increased to 750W,” wrote e-bike industr y expert Hannes Neupert. “What matters to a bicycle’s character and product safety is not the power of the drive, but the actual acceleration and absolute speed. Therefore, we should focus together on clarifying the situation at the level of the definition of a bic ycle. Then there would be no need for the exemption regulation EU Regulation 168/2013.”

Neupert propose d a new d e f inition o f a bicycle/e-bike as early as 2018. According to him, the restriction of maximum motor power only restrained production innovations and

“Europe

n ew market developments. “ Having more engine power available, as long as acceleration i s re g u l ate d , wi ll increase sa f et y an d d rive m assive mar k et g rowt h , as e-car g o b i k es, tandems, special bikes for disabled people, etc. can then climb steep inclines at a minimum of 1 5 km/h. In accident research, the 15 km/h limit is a critical speed that is considered safe and attractive.”

“ The 750-watt limit is an attack on p eo p le with physical disabilities, children, the elderly, tandem riders, cargo transporters, and families!

The ZIV/CONEBI statement only reflects the attempt to preserve the e-bike as a core market for as long as possible. The future of the mobility transition is willingly sacrificed on the altar of quick profit,” wrote Neupert.

Comparable

riding characteristics

The e-bike, legally known as an EPAC (Electrically Power Assisted Cycle), is the most important driver of electromobility in Europe. Some 16 million units are on the road in Germany alone, making them an indispensable element of success for the German bicycle industr y. The basis for this legal equalisation of e-bikes with

will come up with new regulations. We and our European partners are well prepared for that,” said Burkhard

human-powered bicycles, and thus the exemption from the Type Approval Regulation (Regulation 168/2013), is their comparable riding characteristics. The cyclist’s activity has a direct influence on riding behaviour and locomotion.

“Riding a bicycle or today’s e-bikes is regarded as an active form of mobility. Any vehicle with an electric motor that can be driven solely w ithout ph y sical effort cannot therefore correspond to the definition of a bic ycle and thus also not to the definition of future e-bikes,” Salatzki emphasised

Avoiding any discussion

For ZIV and CONEBI, limiting the power of the m oto r a l so e n su res t hat e - b ikes reta in t h e ir b ic y c l e- l i k e ri d in g b e h aviour an d d o no t become subject to the regulation of a moped or sma ll motorc ycl e, or even prompt such a discussion. “ To maintain the current legal status, we want to describe the e-bikes’ parameters more precisely. But the current specifications in Regulation (EU) 168/2013 regarding rated continuous power and maximum assistance speed are considered to be reasonable,” Salatzki added

The industry organisations propose characterising e-bikes according to these additional parameters:

• Support ratio 1:4; and

• Su pp ort ratio 1:6 u p to a maximum o f 15 km/h; and

• Maximum support power at the drive wheel of 750 W; and

• Maximum total weight of 250 kg for a singletrack e-bike; or

• Maximum tota l wei gh t o f 300 kg f or a multi-lane e-bike.

• Framework conditions and parameters for heavy cargo bikes over 300 kg (see DIN EN 17860-4:2025) are considered separately

“We are well prepared”

“Europe will come up with new regulations. We and our European partners are well prepared for that. In order to maintain the legal equivalence of an e-bike with a human-powered bicycle that does not require type approval as a means of active mobility, it is essential that the aforementioned limitations and requirements be observed in future EU legal regulations,” emphasised Burkhard Stork, managing director of ZIV.

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Stork, managing director of ZIV Photo: Bike Europe

‘In 2023, we also opened a 34,000-square-meter storage facility, increasing capacity to over 190,000 bicycles’

JCL Logistics opens sustainable warehouse for lithium-ion batteries

Over the past decade, JCL Logistics has grown into perhaps the largest logistics service provider for the bicycle industry in the Benelux and West Germany. With the opening of a new storage facility for lithium-ion batteries, the company is set to deliver even more tailored services.

Located in ‘s-Heerenberg, about 20 kilometers east of Arnhem, JCL Logistics has been active in the bicycle industry for several decades.

The company initially focused on the storage and transshipment of bicycles on behalf of manufacturers. In 2017, it expanded its services by introducing its own distribution network for bicycle retailers in the so-called premium region, which includes the Netherlands, northern Belgium, and western Germany.

“Previously, we outsourced this work to transporters, but we noticed a decline in the quality of distribution and a rise in costs, largely due to the growing popularity of heavier ebikes,” says Bert de Vries, the company’s CEO.

“Transporters faced challenges with the weight of e-bikes, often exceeding 30 kilograms, leading to damage and dissatisfaction. We decided to take on this challenge ourselves, starting small and gradually building a dedicated distribution system.”

JCL Logistics now operates a fleet of vehicles, including vans, box trucks, city trailers, and standard trailers, to meet the varying needs of its premium region. The company’s drivers are ADR-certified, ensuring safe transport of batteries alongside bicycles.

Capacity for over 190,000 bikes

In early 2023, JCL Logistics opened a new 34,000-square-meter facility, increasing its total bike storage capacity to over 190,000 bicycles. The company distributes more than one million bicycles annually, including models from leading brands, across Europe. For

deliveries outside the premium region, JCL Logistics relies on trusted external partners.

Seamless

service

“Our goal is to offer comprehensive logistics solutions, supporting both manufacturers and dealers. We ensure safe, reliable, and consistent delivery throughout the year,” explains De Vries. “Dealers know exactly when to expect us, and we streamline deliveries by combining shipments from multiple brands. This minimizes disruptions and allows us to pick up returns at the same time.”Deliveries are tailored to dealers’ needs, with bicycles taken directly to storage or workshop areas rather than being left in retail spaces. Dealers only need to verify the shipment’s accuracy.

Assembly services

JCL Logistics has become a crucial link in the entire supply chain of bicycle manufacturers over time. Its role goes far beyond mere storage and transportation to stores. Upon request, JCL Logistics also handles part of the assembly process at its own facilities. This primarily involves batteries, which are stored separately. Manufacturers provide instructions on which batteries to mount only shortly before delivery.

“The advantage for our customers is that they can produce fewer units and maintain much greater flexibility,” explains De Vries. “Lead times are significantly reduced. An additional benefit is that shipping from Asia becomes much more efficient when frames and batteries are transported separately.”

Thermal cameras

The company’s ‘s-Heerenberg facility features state-of-the-art safety systems, including sprinklers and thermal cameras. “We monitor the temperature of incoming batteries and perform a second check an hour later to ensure stability,” explains business manager Ivo van der Zwaag. “We’ve also equipped areas where batteries are unpacked and prepared with detection cameras to mitigate risks. Additional measures are in place for emergencies.”

New storage facility for 12,000 pallets

In February, JCL Logistics will open a new, dedicated storage facility near its current location. Covering 8,300 square meters, the facility complies with all European safety standards for battery storage. “Because this warehouse is located even closer to our bicycle storage facility, we can operate much more flexibly, quickly, and efficiently,” says Van der Zwaag. He anticipates that this development will make JCL Logistics an even more attractive partner for additional brands. “Our outlook is that more and more manufacturers will ship bicycles with separate batteries to retailers, with the batteries only being added to the bicycles later in the supply chain. We can easily take on this part of the process,” he explains.

Expansion into Southern Germany

The new battery storage facility is not the end of JCL Logistics’ expansion ambitions. Later this year, the logistics partner will launch a new branch along the axis between Frankfurt and Stuttgart, aiming to expand its service area. “We currently handle distribution as far as Cologne, but our freight data shows that many bicycles are destined for locations further south,” explains De Vries. “We also see opportunities for collaboration with other brands in Germany that can be integrated into our logistics concept. Several manufacturers have already expressed interest and are eager to work with us.”

The company distributes more than one million bicycles annually, including models from leading brands, across Europe.

Manufacturers provide instructions on which batteries to mount only shortly before delivery.

EU e-bike power cap of 750W under discussion as new innovations are announced

DJI announces 1000W turbo boost update

FRANKFURT, Germany – As e-bike companies across Europe grapple with concerns over new European Union considerations to cap e-bike power at a maximum output of 750 watts, some are making their stances on the subject clear.

Katie Sawyer

Chinese company DJI has announced a free update to its e-bike drive system, Avinox, which effectively removes the cap from the motor’s temporary boost mode, allowing riders to cruise in ‘turbo mode’ at a 1,000-watt output. If the firmware update itself was not clear enough, these enhancements were announced in tandem with the company’s official position on the EU’s attempts to restrict e-bike motor power.

Industry discussion

“The proposed restriction of 750W does not appear to have a clear theoretical foundation justifying why this specific limit has been chosen,” a DJI spokesperson stated. “We believe it is essential for the industry to engage in more thorough and comprehensive discussions to determine an appropriate power limit.” The 750W restriction is a hot topic within the

industry. German industry association ZIV has led the charge on future e-bike regulations, hoping to limit the power of e-bike motors to maintain the category’s legal status as a bicycle and avoid becoming subject to increased regulations if re-classed as a moped or small motorcycle.

The actual acceleration and absolute speed –not the power of the drive – is what defines a bicycle’s character and product safety, according to e-bike industry expert Hannes Neupert, in response to the ZIV initiative. He noted that the ZIV/CONEBI statement merely reflects a wish to preserve the e-bike as a core market for as long as possible.

In its official statements on the matter, DJI raises concerns about the proposed restrictions for several reasons, including the needs of “certain vulnerable groups”. This includes people with disabilities, those with higher body weights, minors, and users of e-cargo bikes who may require additional power to navigate inclined terrains. Overall, DJI said it supports more nuanced classifications within the e-bike industry, as opposed to “imposing a blanket lower power restriction across the board”

New players in an existing market DJI is relatively new to the e-bike world. Following its debut at last year’s Eurobike, the drone manufacturer entered the industry with the launch of the Avinox drive system. Amflow, DJI’s

own bike brand, launched three e-MTBs featuring the lightweight, high-energy battery system. Since then, several other bike models powered by the Avinox system have been released. DJI’s stance comes as competitor Bosch releases its new Performance Line CX-R, an e-MTB equipped with a slider option that allows the maximum power to be adjusted from the default value of 600W up to 750W. The maximum torque can be increased from 85 Nm to 100 Nm, and the maximum support up to 400%. Bosch points out: “Bear in mind that higher values put more strain on the mechanical components and also affect the range – the more power, the greater the wear and the shorter the ride.”

A major player in the European e-bike industry, Bosch’s decision to toe the line may be an indication that EU legislation is forthcoming. DJI is also preparing for regulatory changes and

has stated that it is committed to adhering to EU guidelines. “We are committed to providing our users with support in light of any regulatory changes that may impact our products,” a DJI spokesperson said.

E-bike market expansion

The German e-bike market has seen fairly steady growth in recent years, with e-bikes outpacing traditional bicycles in total market volume for the past two years. Around 16 million e-bikes are now on the road in Germany, and cities across Europe continue to implement e-bike-friendly infrastructure such as bicycle highways. With a compounding increase in demand and a diversifying market, the EU is under pressure from industry players to create more streamlined regulations for e-bikes – but not everyone agrees on what those regulations should entail.

Photo DJI

Japan Bike Show returns in October

TOKYO, Japan – The bicycle industry in Japan is known to function in isolation, apart from global trends, but the market is waking up.

Tetsuya Komagata, president of the Japan Bicycle Promotion Institute (JBPI), organiser of the national tradeshow, explains the steps being taken to bridge that gap.

The Japan Bike Show was held for the first time last year with the aim of promoting the domestic bicycle market. It will return again in 2025, being held from 15-16 October. “Our institute used to host the bike show a long time ago, but as the production moved from Japan to mainland China, organising a bike show focused on domestic manufacturing was no longer viable,” Komagata told Bike Europe.

“Our aim is to revitalise the industry in Japan and take retail prices to the next level. In my opinion, the Japan Bike Show should strengthen the cooperation between bike shops as well as leading wholesalers and manufacturers. One nationwide show is efficient and cost-effective for all participants. The Japan Bike Show can become the largest matching place for domestic businesses. A leading show in Japan will also strengthen our position to cooperate with other bike shows in Asia. We are convinced there is room for the local industry to pick up this challenge and contribute to our cycling culture,” said Komagata.

US e-bike market under microscope at Bicycle Leadership Conference

as

TUSCON, Arizona – In March, US and international leaders gathered for the Bicycle Leadership Conference. Hosted by PeopleForBikes, its president and CEO Jenn Dice welcomed the participants with the opening keynote announcing the first ever results of their 2024 market survey.

The summary of the 2024 survey confirmed that the US industry recorded approximately US$6.4 billion (€5.9 billion) in sales, down 9.2% compared to 2023. The bright spot is the continued growth in e-bikes sold. The revenue attributed

to e-bikes is now 28% of the market, up from 26% in 2023. Road and gravel bikes are on an upward trajectory as road bikes have gained a following by urban riders and the gravel bike has become a popular alternative to the mountain bike. The data and statistics committee noted that, of the 2024 total online sales of US$1.2 billion (€1.1 billion), as much as 71% of these revenue – or US$852 million (€789 million) – is represented by online e-bike revenues. There was significant discussion around how to manage the migration that has already happened in Europe to e-bikes. Claus Fleischer, CEO of Bosch eBike Systems, shared much of the history and the lessons learned by European leaders who have already guided and often led with commercial integration between governing bodies.

International Shows

June 10-13

Velo-city

Gdansk, Poland 15-18 Electric Vehicle Symposium (EVS38)

Gothenburg, Sweden 17-18 Micromobility Europe

Brussels, Belgium 25-29 Eurobike Frankfurt, Germany

July 6-8 Pro Days Paris, France

September 5-7 Italian Bike Festival

Misano, Italy 9-12 IAA Mobility Munich, Germany 16-19 Taichung Bike Week

Taichung, Taiwan 19-21 Sea Otter Europe

Girona, Spain 20-21VeloDays Vejen, Denmark

October 13-14 International Cargobike Festival (ICBF) Utrecht, the Netherlands

Editors Rosie Burgin - rosieburgin@vmnmedia.nl Hedwig Berendsen - Hooman - hedwigberendsen@vmnmedia.nl

Sub-editor Natalie Kinsley

Correspondents Czech Republic: Jakub Ditrich,

Satnam Singh, Switzerland: Peter Hummel, Taiwan David Frazier, United Kingdom Richard Peace, Electric vehicles: Susanne Brüsch For all your advertising requirements contact: Eelco Hermans Phone: +31 61 0069 230 eelcohermans@vmnmedia.nl Marlies Trommelen - marliestrommelen@vmnmedia.nl

A presentation at the BLC detailed how

much as 71% of the total market revenue in the US is represented by online e-bike revenues.

Photo: Scott Montgomery