GRAMMAR SUMMARY
UNIT 1 THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE Form Interrogative
Positive and negative I / We / You / play They don’t play He / She / It writes
Do
I / we / you play...? / they
Does
he / she / it
write...?
doesn’t write
• In the present simple, we use the verb without an ending, but in the third person singular the verb ends in -s or -es: I enjoy reading books. / He wants a part-time job. • When the verb ends in -ch, -sh, -x, -z, -o, -s, we add -es: watches, goes, washes
ни ке
Spelling When preceded by a consonant, y is changed into i before adding -es: carries, flies, worries, etc.
за
уџ бе
Use The present simple is used for: – facts and a situation that we see as permanent. They live in a very nice flat. – feelings, thoughts, and emotions. I think you are right. – general truths and laws of nature. Water freezes at 0° C. – habits and routines (with adverbs of indefinite frequency: always, often, etc.). I sometimes stay up till midnight. – timetables and programmes (in the future). The train leaves at 7 tomorrow morning. It is also used instead of the future tenses after: when, before, after, as soon as, until, as, while and if. We’ll have coffee when the visitors get here.
За
во
д
Time expressions used with the present simple tense include: • always / often / usually / sometimes / frequently / rarely / seldom / never /occasionally • every (day / night / week / month / year) • in the morning (afternoon /evening) THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE Form Positive and negative I
am / am not
-----He /She /It
-------------is /isn’t
We/You/They are /aren’t
Interrogative Am
I
writing
-----Is
------he /she /it
writing
Are
we /you /they writing...?
writing...?
Spelling changes in the –ing form a. For verbs of one syllable, the consonant is doubled: stopping, running If the final consonant is -y or –w, it is not doubled: playing, showing b. Verbs ending in one -e, lose the -e and then add –ing: making, smoking, hoping
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