Referências

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pelo período de desemprego ou não-emprego; (b) do desemprego evitado permanentemente - ou seja, os trabalhadores desses programas que, de outra forma, teriam sido demitidos (direta ou indiretamente devido à falência / fechamento das empresas por falta de liquidez); e (c) o desemprego temporariamente evitado - isto é, os trabalhadores que têm apoio agora, mas que serão demitidos após o fim do período de apoio - ou mesmo antes disso, em caso de falência das empresas onde trabalham. Em termos de custos por trabalhador, esses programas fazem sentido para os governos, pois sem eles todos os trabalhadores dispensados teriam que receber o seguro-desemprego integralmente. Três escolhas principais ao implementar esses programas são o tamanho, a duração e a coordenação com os mecanismos de seguro-desemprego e assistência social já existentes. Esses programas servem para choques temporários de curta duração, mas não para crises prolongadas. À medida que a crise continua, surgem transigências importantes: o programa deve continuar a apoiar todos os trabalhadores ou apenas alguns? Se o programa for direcionado, como ele deve escolher quem apoiar e por quanto tempo? Em caso de períodos mais longos de não-emprego, o programa deve continuar a apoiar os empregos ou mudar o foco do apoio para os trabalhadores, caso seus empregos tenham sido eliminados? Essas decisões são difíceis e pode ser necessária uma combinação de instrumentos para evitar grandes aumentos na pobreza e no desemprego quando os programas de retenção de empregos são encerrados abruptamente.

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