Caribbean American Weekly - Issue 189

Tackling the Challenge of Gun Violence in Trinidad & Tobago

BY LINDA NWOKE, CAW EXCLUSIVE

Trinidad and Tobago (T&T), a twin-island nation in the Caribbean, also popularly called the twin-republic and described as the land of the hummingbird, calypso, carnival, and steelpan, is grappling with a severe gun violence crisis that has plagued the country for decades. Stories of gang activity, poverty, and illegal firearms cast a shadow over the island's beauty. All these often result in an astonishing homicide rate that exceeds the global average.

According to the 2020 Global Study on Homicide, Trinidad and Tobago's homicide rate is 30 per 100,000 people, ranking among the highest in the world. In 2022 alone, the country recorded over 600 homicides, with the vast majority attributed to gun violence.

Undoubtedly, the impact of gun violence extends far beyond the tragic loss of life, creating a climate of insecurity and hindering economic development. The communities are constantly on edge, living in fear of gang-related violence.

continued on page 6

BY SIR RONALD SANDERS

When the Foreign Ministers of the world's wealthiest nations gathered in Brazil on February 21, 2024, Haiti's dire situation found a brief moment of attention—not on the main agenda but on the sidelines of the G20 Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Rio de Janeiro.

continued on page 2

Saint Lucia‘s PM Philip J. Pierre Independence Message to the Diaspora ....16

President Ali: Tourism, Hospitality Sectors Important to Guyana’s Economic Strategy ....17

Martine

Editorial

Photo

Caribbean Consulates

Anguilla

845 Third Avenue

New York, N.Y. 10022

Tel: 212-745-0200

Antigua & Barbuda

305 East 47th Street, Suite 6A

New York, N.Y. 10020

Tel: 212-541-4117

The Bahamas

231 East 46th Street New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-421-6420

Barbados

820 Second Avenue, 5th Floor New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-551-4325

Belize

675 Third Avenue, Suite 1911 New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-593-0999

Dominica

685 Third Avenue, 11th Floor New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-949-0853

Dominican Republic

1500 Broadway, Suite 410 New York, N.Y. 10036

Tel: 212-599-8478

Grenada

685 Third Avenue, Suite 1101 New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-599-0301

Guyana

308 West 38th Street New York, N.Y. 10018

Tel: 212-947-5119

Haiti 555 5th Ave 3rd Floor New York, NY 10017

Tel: 212-697-9767

Jamaica 767 Third Avenue, 2nd Floor New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-935-9000

Martinique

444 Madison Avenue, 16th Floor New York, N.Y. 10022

Tel: 212-838-6887

Montserrat

845 Third Avenue New York, N.Y. 10022

Tel: 212-745-0200

Panama 1212 Avenue of the Americas, 20th Floor New York, N.Y. 10036

Tel: 212-840-2450

St. Kitts & Nevis

414 East 75th Street, 5th Floor New York, N.Y. 10021

Tel: 212-535-5521

St. Lucia 630 Third Avenue, 7th Floor New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-697-9360

St. Maarten

675 Third Avenue, Suite 1807

New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 800-786-2278

St. Vincent & The Grenadines

801 Second Avenue, 4th Floor New York, N.Y. 10017

Tel: 212-687-4981

Trinidad & Tobago 125 Maiden Lane, 4th Floor New York, N.Y. 10038

Tel: 212-682-7272

For more Consulate information go to www.cawnyc.com/directory

This sidelining is emblematic of the low priority assigned to Haiti by these global powerhouses.

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken took the initiative to put Haiti on the agenda, highlighting U.S. concerns over the country's instability and the continuous arrival of Haitian refugees to U.S. shores, which has been a contentious issue. Yet, as of February 23, 2024, major G20 nations have not shown an enthusiastic response.

This lack of enthusiasm reflects the acute rivalry of other major G20 countries, particularly Russia and China, with the U.S., as they have differing interests concerning Haiti. In the case of China, it has argued for a multifaceted approach that includes political stability and security support to create a sustainable path forward for Haiti. For its part, Russia has expressed skepticism towards international military interventions without a clear national consensus and detailed operational plans. Russia abstained from voting on the UN Security Council Resolution, which authorized the deployment of a Multinational Security Support (MSS) mission to Haiti by like-minded countries led by Kenya.

Nonetheless, Secretary Blinken has continued to encourage G20 and other nations, from both developed and developing regions, to join the MSS mission. To date, the U.S. has not managed to secure troop commitments except from Kenya and a few countries of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM).

The particularly notable absence of troop commitments from European nations, especially France—a former imperial power in Haiti and a major beneficiary of its slave-produced wealth—underscores this point.

The U.S. itself has committed no troops. Instead, it has concentrated on trying to get African and Caribbean nations to send their military personnel. The Biden administration's reluctance to commit troops to Haiti may be influenced by the stance of Donald Trump, Biden's presidential rival, who is known for his reluctance to deploy U.S. troops abroad. Nonetheless, it irks some nations that the U.S. is calling on them to provide troops who would be endangered in Haiti while choosing to keep its soldiers at home.

Further, while the U.S. government is touting its willingness to pay $200 million to finance an intervention in Haiti, it says half will come from the Department of Defence, but the other half must come from the U.S. Congress. To date,

Congress has yet to vote on allocating any money. Therefore, the full amount of the U.S. government pledge is unavailable and is $100 million short of the Kenyan demand.

Jake Johnson, in his insightful book "Aid State: Elite Panic, Disaster Capitalism, and the Battle to Control Haiti," suggests that Western perceptions of Haiti are marred by a history of colonialism and racism. While I share Johnson's view and commend his work for its depth, I argue that the issue is primarily one of passive racism—a disregard for Haiti that likely wouldn't exist if its population were white.

That passive, almost unthinking, reflexive racial attitude is also mixed with the view that Haiti is a corrupt country where billions of dollars of aid have either been mismanaged or stolen. These two elements have been a toxic brew for Western policymakers to swallow.

A further unofficial consideration in the minds of many governments, and one that is whispered in the margins of international gatherings, is that tens of billions of dollars have been spent on peacekeeping efforts in Haiti in the past by the United Nations and participating governments. Yet, as soon as peacekeeping forces leave, Haiti returns to instability resulting from conflicts between rival political forces in the country.

It is noteworthy that while the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) has generally agreed to support a humanitarian intervention in Haiti, less than five of its 15 members have actually offered troops. In the event that CARICOM lacks the capacity to make any significant military contribution to any intervention in Haiti. The grouping has done so because Haiti is a member state and, more importantly, because the Haitians were the first nation to rise up against slavery and create a black-independent nation in 1804.

But in any analysis of the Haitian situation, France and the U.S. have a partic-

ular responsibility, having significantly profited from and subsequently destabilized the country. Neither country, whatever internal political issues it faces, can be excused from its responsibility for impoverishing Haiti. The heavy debt imposed by France following Haiti's independence and the U.S.'s prolonged financial and political interference have left deep scars on Haiti's ability to selfgovern and prosper.

In light of this, France and the U.S. should bear the primary responsibility for aiding Haiti. They should be at the forefront of efforts to restore order and rebuild the nation, contributing not just through police presence now but also by investing in Haiti's infrastructure and social systems, rectifying the historical injustices that continue to impede its progress.

Haiti's relegation to the sidelines of international discourse is a stark reminder of the need for a renewed, committed global effort to address its crises. It is time for those nations most implicated in its historical exploitation to fulfill their moral and ethical obligations to Haiti.

There is a need for an intervention in Haiti to end the current lawlessness, but the support for such an intervention should come from the broadest representation of the Haitian people. It should also include a timetable and a comprehensive plan, with resources, to build Haiti's much-needed physical, social, political, and governance infrastructure at the intervention's conclusion.

Only then can we hope to see Haiti as a stable, sovereign, and thriving nation, rather than perpetually labelled as a “failed” state or an “aid” state."l

Sir Ronald Sanders is currently Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States and the Organization of American States.

France and the US Broke Haiti continued from page 1

Haitian tent city, from the earthquake. Editorial credit: G Allen Penton / Shutterstock.com

THOUGHTS 3

Q&A: SARS-CoV-2 in Latin America and the Caribbean 4 Years Later

BY PAHO

Washington, DC: On February 26, 2020, Brazil recorded the first case of COVID-19 in its territory, marking the beginning of the pandemic in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Since its emergence on December 30, 2019, in Wuhan, China, the SARS-CoV-2 virus left a devastating trail globally, with 774 million cases and 7 million deaths recorded to date. The Americas were hard hit, accounting for 25% of all cases and 43% of all deaths, making it the region with the highest number of COVID-19 deaths worldwide.

Over time, the virus has undergone changes and evolved, becoming more transmissible but less lethal. In May last year, WHO declared the end of COVID19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, but infections continue to occur, with more than half a million cases reported worldwide in the last month.

On the fourth anniversary of the arrival of SARS-CoV-2 in the region, we spoke with virologist Jairo Méndez, regional advisor on viral diseases at the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), about what we have learned about the virus that causes COVID-19.

Four years after the arrival of COVID19 in Latin America and the Caribbean, what have we learned about this virus?

The pandemic left a profound impact at the global and regional level, the dimensions of which we are still fully understanding. A fundamental lesson is the importance of collaboration and solidarity among countries in dealing with crises of this magnitude. We recognized the gaps in our preparedness and the need to strengthen our capabilities. We learned to rely on science, which allowed us to develop safe and effective vaccines in record time. However, we have also realized that the virus is highly adaptable and can change rapidly, requiring us to continue to closely monitor its evolution and explore potential natural reservoirs. Surveillance networks led by PAHO have been established to monitor the presence of new coronaviruses. Although vaccines

continue to be effective, we must remain alert to any changes in the virus and continue to learn about it every day to protect public health.

What information do we have today about the different variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its evolution?

Several variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been identified since its emergence, starting with Alpha in late 2020, followed by Gamma and Delta, which had a major public health impact.

Subsequently, Omicron emerged in late 2021, classified as a variant of concern due to its rapid spread. Although the virus has continued to evolve, no significant increase in variant severity or mortality has been detected. While several variants, such as JN.1, are currently being monitored, none have characteristics that make them more aggressive or lethal so far.

What were the main challenges in controlling the virus in the region?

The challenges were numerous and significant. First, the initial lack of understanding about the virus and how to deal with it was daunting. We did not have the necessary tools to detect and diagnose it effectively. Then, the rapid change of the virus and the emergence of variants posed additional challenges for monitoring and control. However, despite these, progress has been made in integrating epidemiological and virological surveillance systems, which enable us to detect and respond more effectively to future threats.

What aspects would you highlight as achievements in the surveillance and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2?

As a region, there were several aspects that we managed effectively. For example, in a very short period, we established

a network of laboratories at the regional level capable of rapidly diagnosing the virus, which allowed us to respond quickly. Surveillance systems were rapidly adapted, building on previous experience in working with influenza.

Can COVID-19 be considered just another flu?

Respiratory viruses, including COVID19 and influenza, have the potential to cause serious harm, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly or those with pre-existing medical conditions. We cannot underestimate the seriousness of this illness or assume it is just a cold. The need to protect ourselves and be vigilant is crucial, as a significant outbreak could easily overwhelm healthcare systems. Influenza, commonly called the flu, is not a trivial illness and can have serious consequences, especially for those most at risk. COVID-19 is still present and, although it has become more predictable, we must be always prepared.

What is the likelihood of another pandemic like COVID-19?

The factors that contribute to the emergence of new viruses and pathogens are still present. While we cannot predict when or how it will occur, we can be better prepared by maintaining constant vigilance and rapid response preparedness. This underscores the importance of the International Health Regulations and transparency in communication between countries to detect and respond to new threats effectively.

What are some of PAHO’s current priorities to strengthen regional preparedness and response to viruses such as SARS-COV-2?

PAHO played a crucial role during the pandemic in several areas, for example,

TEAM

My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. —Hosea 4:6

Publisher

I.Q. INC.

Managing Editor & Editor-in-Chief

Pearl Phillip

Legal Advisor

Brian Figeroux, Esq.

Graphic & Website Designers

Praim Samsoondar

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Email info@myiqinc.com

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by supporting surveillance of respiratory diseases, facilitating the implementation of diagnostic protocols for COVID-19 and debunking false information. In addition, we developed evidence-based clinical guidelines and supported the implementation of vaccination plans. Currently, we are focused on strengthening regional capacity to deal with future pandemics, reducing dependence on external inputs and promoting solidarity among countries to share information and provide mutual support. One lesson learned is that science must guide actions in response to health emergencies, and we hope that confidence in it will grow and that this will happen in the next emergency.l

The Pan American Health Organization is the international health agency for the Americas and the Regional Office of the World Health Organization.

Martine Moïse: Wife of Haiti's Murdered President Charged Over His Killing

BY CAW NEWS TEAM

Alegal document leaked from a Haitian news outlet reveals that she is accused of "complicity and criminal association." Currently, neither Martine Moïse nor her legal representative has offered any commentary on the charges brought against her.

In recent social media posts, however, Ms. Moïse has decried what she perceives as "unjust arrests" and a relentless campaign of persecution. Her current whereabouts remain undisclosed.

Local media has criticized the fact that despite naming 51 individuals in the extensive legal document, it fails to identify the masterminds behind and financiers of President Moïse's assassination. President Moïse, aged 53, was fatally shot at his private residence on the outskirts of Port-au-Prince by a group primarily composed of Colombian mercenaries.

These new charges surfaced publicly after the Haitian news site Ayibo Post leaked the indictment. They were issued by Walther Wesser Voltaire, the fifth judge overseeing the murder investigation.

In the 122-page document, Judge Voltaire outlines the allegations against Martine Moïse and the other 50 suspects. He contends that the statements made by Ms. Moïse following her husband's murder were "riddled with contradictions, casting doubt and discrediting her testimony."

Lyonel Valbrun, the former secretary general at Haiti's National Palace during President Moïse's tenure, presented damning testimony against Ms. Moïse. He asserts that she visited the National Palace, the president's official residence, two days before his assassination.

According to Valbrun, Ms. Moïse spent five hours removing unspecified items from the premises during this visit. This action suggests foreknowledge of the impending events rather than being spontaneous or accidental.

Valbrun further claims that on the same day, Ms. Moïse phoned him to express dissatisfaction with President Moïse's performance, stating that he had not fulfilled their expectations. Additionally, another suspect, former Haitian Justice Ministry official Joseph Felix Badio, accuses Martine Moïse of conspiring to remove her husband from power.l

Arleigh Louison is Dead. The Pain and Devastation of His Immigration Fraud Lives On.

Federal law enforcement agents arrested Arleigh Louison on July 18, 2019. He was indicted in Vermont on 12 counts of making false statements and submitting over 1,800 fraudulent immigration applications to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

“A federal grand jury returned a 12count indictment against Arleigh Louison, 53, of Brooklyn, New York, charging him with running an immigration fraud scheme that included the filing of false statements with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, including over 1,800 fraudulent applications for over 1,000 petitioners within the last four years. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) agents arrested Louison in Brooklyn, New York, and executed a federal search warrant at his office,” said the U.S. Department of Justice press release.

Pain and Arleigh Louison

Figeroux spoke on the pain and the devastation from Louison's fraud: "So, one of the pains that people suffer, a lot of people in Kings County, especially from

GET HELP!

The Law Office of Figeroux & Associates is still getting calls from persons who were victims of Arleigh Lousion’s fraud. Get a case evaluation.

ASK THE LAWYER:

Call 855-768-8845 or visit www.askthelawyer.us to schedule an appointment.

the Caribbean, is the pain that they have after Arleigh Louison, who is now deceased. He defrauded people by submitting fraudulent immigration applications on their behalf. There were lies in those applications that persons were abused by their spouses, children, or others, which did not qualify them for immigration benefits."

Figeroux continued, "So, Arleigh Louison knew that you had pain. He was a notary, not a lawyer. Louison preyed on

that pain and filed those fraudulent applications because he knew you would make bad decisions. You would sign those forms even though you didn't know what was written on the documents, which is what many persons who Arleigh Louison defrauded said.

Problems for Victims/Clients

Louison has since passed. However, he has left a carnage of victims facing deportation and a myriad of immigration

issues. What does this mean? Since Arleigh Louison was arrested for immigration fraud, the files of all his clients will be reviewed by the Immigration & Customs Enforcement agents (ICE). Additionally, every single client will be served a Notice to Appear (NTA) and be interviewed by ICE agents with the sole purpose of seeking admission to initiate deportation proceedings. The NTA is the first step taken by the American government to remove an immigrant from the country.

Guidance

The Law Office of Figeroux & Associates is still getting calls from persons who were victims of Arleigh Louison’s fraud. If you were a client of Louison, it is imperative that you consult with an AILA attorney and do not meet with ICE alone. You should also seek the advice of more than one counsel. Get a case evaluation. ASK THE LAWYER –call 855-768-8845 or visit www.askthelawyer.us to schedule an appointment. The lawyer you hire, does make a difference! l

HOT TOPIC

Gun Violence in T&T continued from page 1

Current Situation: Existing Research and Perspectives

The alarming statistics and the stories on the streets testify to the extent of gun violence in Trinidad and Tobago. According to a report in 2022 by the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service, there were 490 reported homicides in 2022, and over 90% involved firearms. Many of the victims—50%—were between 15 and 29 years old.

The Trinidad and Tobago Police Service also reports that most of the firearmrelated incidents are in urban areas, particularly in Port of Spain and San Fernando. Additionally, a concerning trend is the involvement of young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 as both perpetrators and victims.

In a recent incident, a triple homicide shook the community of Arima, leaving three family members dead. This incident is a typical example of the pervasiveness of gun violence and its devastating impact on families and communities.

Another incident is the shooting at Laventille Secondary School in March 2022, resulting in the deaths of two students, thus underscoring the urgency of addressing the issue at its core. These incidents profoundly impact communities, leaving families shattered and causing fear in the hearts of citizens.

Researchers identified several factors contributing to gun violence in Trinidad and Tobago. In a 2016 study published in the journal "Small Arms and Society," the majority were attributed to socioeconomic disparities, the proliferation of illegal firearms, gang activity, and a lack of effective government intervention.

Sources of Firearms

Trinidad and Tobago's Crime and Justice Annual Report, by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), provides an overview of crime trends in Trinidad and Tobago. They identified the proliferation of illegal firearms as a significant factor driving gun violence in the country, specifically through trafficking, mainly through neighboring countries such as Venezuela's lax borders and widespread gun ownership, with traffickers exploiting the weak border control to smuggle weapons across the Gulf of Paria. Secondly, the United States's role in contributing to the situation through tactics like straw purchasing, theft from gun dealers, and smuggling via maritime routes is to turn legally acquired firearms into tools of destruction. Other regional traffickers, such as Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana, accommodate regional traffickers who play a substantial role in supplying illegal firearms to Trinidad and Tobago.

Most traffickers employ various routes, such as sea smuggling, porous borders, and, less commonly, air smuggling. Anna Ramdass, a Trinidadian journalist, in 2019, wrote an article for the magazine "Americas Quarterly," highlighting the role of the porous maritime border and the illicit firearms trade in fueling gun violence. In her write-up, she noted that the country's proximity to Venezuela, where there is widespread gun ownership and weak gun control, has made it a prime target for traffickers.

In another instance, Dr. Maria Rodriguez, a prominent researcher at the University of the West Indies, studied the causes of gun violence in the country. In her published paper, "Firearms and Violence in Trinidad and Tobago: A Comprehensive Analysis," Dr. Rodriguez noted the interrelated relationship

between socioeconomic factors, gang activities, and illegal firearms.

According to Rodriguez, "addressing the root causes of gun violence necessitates a holistic approach that combines poverty alleviation, educational opportunities, and targeted interventions in high-risk communities."

Government Interventions and Criticisms

Over the years, the Trinidad and Tobago government has implemented several initiatives to curb gun violence. They implemented a combination of initiatives, including the National Crime Prevention Program, launched in 2021. The initiative focused on community engagement, providing resources for education and job training to at-risk youth. John Williams, the Minister of National Security, emphasized the importance of the program by stating, "We recognize that tackling gun violence requires a comprehensive strategy that involves the entire community."

Other instances of the government's intervention in addressing gun violence include legislation, specifically the Firearms Act of 1995, amended in 2000, that regulates the importation, possession, and use of firearms. The launching of intervention through the activities of the police force For instance, the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service implemented

continued on page 7

HOT TOPIC

Gun Violence in T&T continued from page 6 anti-gang initiatives and increased patrols in high-crime areas. Furthermore, the government partnered with non-profit organizations to provide communitybased education and initiatives.

Criticism from Experts

Despite these efforts, critics argue that the government's approach has been insufficient and lacks a comprehensive strategy. They highlight that not all responses have been positive, as there is a continued increase in illegal firearms, a lack of effective border control, and inadequate support for social programs.

One of the main criticisms of the government's approach is the need for a comprehensive and coordinated strategy. Journalist Ramdass criticized the government's fragmented approach to gun violence, arguing that a more comprehensive strategy is needed to address the root causes of the problem. She claims that the government's efforts have been reactive and have failed to address the root causes of gun violence. She calls for a multifaceted approach encompassing law enforcement, social development, and community engagement.

Critics of government legislation argue that the law could be more effective due to loopholes and inconsistencies. They

point to the ease with which individuals can obtain gun licenses and the lack of stringent background checks and recordkeeping provisions.

Furthermore, the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) received criticism for its response to gun violence. Roger Goddard, a criminologist and researcher at the Institute of Criminology, University of the West Indies, states that the government's reliance on law enforcement as the primary solution to gun violence is faulty. Additionally, he argued that the TTPS has failed to investigate gun-related crimes adequately and lacks the resources and expertise to combat gun violence effectively.

David Abdulah, a sociologist and expert on Caribbean security issues, argues that the government's failure to address the issue of border control adequately has facilitated the flow of illegal firearms into the country. Trinidad and Tobago's porous maritime borders are a significant entry point for illegal firearms. Critics argue that the government has failed to

adequately address this issue, resulting in the continued flow of illicit weapons into the country.

Community-based organizations and activists have also called for greater involvement in the government's efforts to address gun violence. They believe that community engagement is crucial for developing effective and sustainable solutions and that the government has not adequately tapped into the potential of community-based organizations to address the issue.

The Trinidadian Think Tank, the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER), mainly researched gun violence and its impact on society. ISER criticized the government's lack of community engagement in its efforts to address gun violence, arguing that community-based organizations can play a vital role in developing effective solutions.

The Human Rights Advocacy Group's statement critiques the need for more transparency in the government's

approach and calls for greater collaboration with civil society organizations.

A Unified Call to Action

Gun violence remains a deeply entrenched problem in Trinidad and Tobago, demanding a multi-pronged approach and a united front to address the root causes. Experts have encouraged various strategies, including strengthening border controls and providing effective social support programs. They also indicated that the government collaborates with communities, civil society, and regional partners to tackle this multifaceted issue. All these will restore all citizens' sense of safety and security.

On the other hand, citizens, policymakers, and researchers must also recognize the need for collective responsibility toward ongoing dialogue and work toward a future where gun violence is a thing of the past in the country.

The glaring impact of these shadowy networks emphasizes the need for a collective effort that includes a combined effort to combat the illicit gun trade through strengthening border security, enhancing law enforcement cooperation, and addressing the root causes of gun violence, which can bring about the desired change. Together, all hands can strive for a future where safety prevails over the shadows that linger.l

BE EQUITY SMART

Home Buying: Repair Requests After A Home Inspection

BY EQUITY SMART REALTY INC

The perfect home has been found, the one in the right neighborhood with the right amount of bedrooms and bathrooms. The home inspection is complete, but a few issues have been found. At this point, a home buyer has decisions to make.

What Repair Requests Can Be Made

After a Home Inspection?

Structural defects found during a home inspection are the responsibility of the seller and must be fixed. In addition, Realtor.com states that the following must also be repaired by the seller:

•Water penetration such as mold or wet basement/crawlspace

•Any code and safety violations like unstable decking or missing handrails Cosmetic issues like bold paint choices or peeling paint, nail holes, and other normal wear-and-tear are the responsibility of the buyer, not seller.

Additional Repairs to Request

Home buyers do have the option of requesting repairs they believe are the seller’s responsibility. These often go beyond obvious structural issues like a sinking foundation or mold in the basement. Additional repairs that home buyers

may request include but are not limited to:

•Replacing pipes with leaks

•Replacing galvanized pipes due to lead contaminant, low water pressure, and leaks

•Upgrading electrical wiring in a home built before 1960

•Fixing cracked window(s)

•Installing new HVAC and/or water heater

Sellers may be willing to replace old sewer lines known as “tar paper” pipes. These “tar paper” pipes are called Orangeburg sewer pipes and often found in older homes. On average, this older type of sewer pipe has a 50-year life span. However, as it ages, it can begin to disintegrate with tree roots penetrating the material. A home buyer can hire a plumbing professional who specializes in sewer pipes to inspect the system as part of the overall home inspection.

There may be additional issues that the seller is not required to fix, but that leave the buyer unhappy. When this happens, it

can be possible for the buyer to request a repair credit be added to the final contract. Typically, this works best when the repair or issue has a potential cost of more than $500.

Qualified Home Inspection

Repair requests made by the home buyer, whether major or minor, usually are more credible when done in conjunction with a qualified home inspection. Not every state requires home inspectors to have specific certifications or even licensing, so it’s essential to work with real estate agent to select a qualified professional. A qualified and independent home inspector is the buyer’s responsibility. This inspector should have established credentials and belong to trade association, versus a friend or family member that ‘knows houses’.

Guidance

Home buying can be an overwhelming experience, but knowing which repairs to request the seller to fix after the home inspection, is one less item to worry about.

If you're currently on the market for a new home, you may want to contact one of our real estate professionals for more information. We are happy to help. Call us 888-670-6791.l

Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates

Personal Injury Guide: Car Accidents

Addressing Personal Injury from Car Accidents in New York

BY LINDA NWOKE

Across the United States, vehicle accidents are the leading cause of personal injury claims. In a year, an average of 4.5 million people seek medical treatment for car accidents. These injuries range from minor bruises and scrapes to permanent disability and death. If you or someone in your family has been injured or killed in a car accident in New York City, you should consult with the Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates. We are a law firm wellknown for our track record of litigation success in car accident cases. Our experienced personal injury attorneys have won large settlements for victims of car injuries.

Numerous examples of settlements on personal injury cases from vehicle accident lawsuits exist. For instance, there is a case against the City of New York for failing to repair a flooded roadway, which caused the motorist's accident and resulted in brain injuries.

A 35-year-old driver struck by another car that needed surgery filed a case for compensation for the treatment of injuries to her lumbar spine. Similarly, a 45-yearold passenger in her lane who stopped at a traffic light was hit from the rear. She required surgery on her neck and back.

Car accidents are commonplace in New York City, sometimes leading to traffic jams. They are more frequent during the weekday, especially around rush hours— lunchtime and evening commute leading to several crashes. Overall, thousands of vehicle crashes in New York State, with an average of 30 hits per hour around the Empire state.

Car Accident Statistics by Borough

The statistics of vehicle-rated accidents across the five boroughs in New York City show that Brooklyn (Kings County)

and Queens have the highest traffic-related deaths. Bronx county records slightly higher deaths than New York County. At the same time, Staten Island has the least number and is considered the least dangerous place. Interestingly most hospitalizations and death occur among pedestrians, while the vehicle occupants often end up seeking emergency treatment.

Types of Accidents in New York City

The frequently seen type of accident in New City is collisions between passenger vehicles. The most occurring factors are violating traffic laws and distracted driving. Another common accident in the city is pedestrian accidents, which have been traced to speeding, distracted driving, failing to see pedestrians, or yielding to someone in a crosswalk. Car-bicycle collisions are also a significant cause of death in the city. An average of 3,800 bicycle-vehicle crashes in 2019 resulted in injuries or death to bicyclists.

What to Do After a Car Accident

Most vehicle collisions are unexpected and brutal, with most victims feeling confused in the event's aftermath. Hence, the actions taken afterward can have both financial and health-related repercussions.

Most personal injury cases from car accidents in New York are settled out of court. In contrast, some cases go to trial and are heard by a jury or judge. In cases where the driver was negligent, the victim may receive compensation for their experience of pain and suffering. However, many factors considered in passing judgment include providing irrefutable evidence that the injury was caused by accident and that the victim suffered a significant loss due to the accident.

Types of Personal Injury Occurring from Car Crash

In general, life for many car accident victims is never the same. While the impact can range from mild to severe, victims sometimes must endure long-term medical treatments, including physical and psychological therapy. Some of the injuries caused by car accidents include soft tissue and bone injuries and traumatic brain injuries.

Some of these injuries are life-changing because they can take a long time before healing and is beside the unimaginable effect these accidents have on the victim's family members. However, the state of New York has laws that address some of the victims of personal injury from car accidents.

No-fault' Insurance In New York

The No-fault insurance, also referred to as "Personal Injury Protection" (PIP) insurance, was approved by the state's lawmakers in the 70s. Car insurance lowers the cost of auto insurance by settling small claims outside the courts. The insurance companies handle paying the cost of up to $50,000 on behalf of their policyholders to victims. This will cover simple items like minor injuries, lost earnings, and medical bills, irrespective of who caused the accident. However, some conditions can make a person ineligible for a no-fault benefit. They include driving under the influence, intentional accidents, committing a felony, getting injured while riding in a stolen vehicle, and having an uninsured vehicle. However, under New York State laws, a legal settlement can still be pursued over the victim's pain and suffering, injuries, and loss of personal property.

New York's Statute of Limitations

It is worth noting that when an individual sustains a personal injury from an accident, there is a three-year gap to file a case before the state of New York. Therefore, when an individual is seriously injured in a vehicle accident, the amount of time they must file a claim after a car accident is up to three years from the date of the accident. It is expedient for the injured person to seek medical treatment soon after the accident and legal advice from a car accident lawyer to review their case.

Factors that Affect a Car Accident Settlement's Value

There is no uniform agreement or guideline on settling car accident settlements cases. Sometimes out-of-court settlements from accidents can be reached with the attorney. In the case that goes to trial,

QUEENS,

The Most Common Car Crash Injuries in New York

Various reports from the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) shows that car accidents cause the second-most common injury among New York residents. Traffic accidents cause more injuries and deaths, leading to a high number of hospitalizations and a high number of visits to the emergency department visits. More than 1,900 New York residents die each year from fatal injuries caused by traffic accidents. Among them are many pedestrians (over 300), drivers and passengers (over 290), motorcyclists (over 100), bicyclists (over 30), and many unspecified persons.

Concerning hospitalizations from traffic-related injuries, more than 12,000 New Yorkers become patients each year, with the most significant number of drivers and passengers (6000+) as victims. Many pedestrians (3000+) and motorcyclists (1500+) make up most of the victims. More than 136,000 New York State Residents are reportedly treated and released from an emergency department each year due to traffic-related injuries, with the occupants making up the highest number of patients.

The Most Prevalent Car Crash Injuries in New York

Accidents have various types and levels of impact on drivers, passengers, and beyond. For vehicle occupants, some of the most common injuries among victims of a car crash in New York are bonerelated, internal, and psychological injuries. Referencing the data by the National Highway Safety Administration (NHSA), some of the frequently occurring injuries are:

Bone Injuries: Neck, Knee, Back, Hip, Wrist, and other forms of broken bones in the body.

Broken Bones: A common, severe, and long-term type of injury sustained from car accidents in New York. It results from the strain against the seatbelt, blunt force trauma, and the crush between the car components and the surrounding environment. The arms and legs are often broken as they are least protected during a crash.

Whiplash/ Neck injuries: This is another common injury from accidents in New York. Upon impact, the head is forced to bend and thrash around differently, causing muscles and ligaments to tear along the neck.

Back or Spine Injuries: The back muscles are often torn, and victims experience dislocated discs due to the jolt to the body during the crash. This is because the spine experiences severe strain and stress.

Knee Injuries: This is a common injury found among drivers and front-side passengers who are slammed into the dashboard, glove box, or steering wheel, causing severe injuries to the surrounding bones, ligaments, and the knee's patella.

Hip Injuries: The hip bone gets injured when the victims are hit from the side of the car during a crash, especially in a Tbone or side-swiping accident. Often, the upper body is thrashed and bends to one side, causing dislocation or ruptured areas of the hip.

Accidents from Head-on Collisions: These accidents also result in hip injuries. In this case, the victim's weight suddenly shifts forward, putting a strain on the lower part of the seat belt across the lap, causing severe hip injuries.

Soft Tissue Injuries: Although not typically life-threatening, soft tissue injuries which affect the eyes, mouth, skin, and other soft tissue are among the most painful and long-term injuries obtained from traffic accidents in New York.

Stomach Injuries: The injuries to the stomach are caused by the seatbelt. They are mostly experienced as internal bleeding in the gut. They are not easily detected because the pain from these can be delayed for an extended period.

Nerve Damage: When the deep tissues are affected by blunt force trauma during an accident, the nerves can be damaged by debris, or exposed components, leading to partial or total loss of function in affected areas, either temporarily or permanently.

Chest Pain: Chest pains indicate many injuries following the car crash. The injuries are in the form of panic or heart attacks, rib cage or abdominal bruises, or more. These pains can also be delayed and arise afterward, depending on the type of injury causing the pain.

Emotional Suffering: Some emotional pain caused by traffic accidents result in anger, depression, and fear. Mood changes indicate traumatic brain trauma injuries from a car accident.

Psychological Trauma: Psychological trauma often occurs among the survivors of car accidents, and it is not related to the accident's severity. Victims often develop post-traumatic stress and other forms of association between driving and pain, fear, and sadness.

What Causes Car Accidents in New York?

Several factors lead to a car accident. However, in New York, car crashes are linked to two significant factors, Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) and Drowsy Driving.

Driving While Intoxicated

Drunk driving is a significant offense

among New York drivers, and many accidents have been attributed to drunk driving. In 2018, official data from New York State government reported that over 8,900 casualties were linked to alcohol intake. The amount of alcoholic content in a driver's blood impairs the ability to stay alert, focused, and attentive while driving. In New York State, the blood alcohol percentage (BAC) allowed is up to 0.18% while going, which is the equivalent of one drink. Anything above that number attracts a fine of over $1000, a one-year jail sentence, or license revocation in some instances. This is ultimately one of the leading causes of pedestrian injuries in New York.

Drowsy Driving

In 2018, New York State Traffic Safety Statistical Repository (TSSR) reported that over 4,000 drivers fell asleep behind the wheel, especially in late-night crashes. It is considered even more dangerous than driving while intoxicated. Some of the effects of drowsy driving are impaired decision-making, slow reactionary time, and lowered attention to other road users. Hence driving becomes a danger to both self and other road users.

Settling Car Accident Injuries in New York

It is common practice for cases relating to a car accident to be settled in New York without trial. Many insurance companies will offer to resolve accident cases quickly. These settlements are much smaller than the amount a victim can receive post legal representation and compensation in court. Some typical settlements determined by courts include car repair costs, medical bills (past and future), lost wages, and time away from work.

However, suppose there is no injury from the collision. In that case, New York Law will not allow the victim to file a lawsuit against another person, even if the victim's car was damaged.

In delayed injuries, the victim can file a lawsuit for delayed damages even if they have passed the standard limit established by the statute of limitations but with a solid legal representation. Different car accidents create higher risks of sustaining specific injuries and can be used to determine the person at fault during a collision.

Legal Assistance

If you're being sued after a car accident, you need the services of an effective defense attorney who will help you build a solid chance to prove that you were at minimal fault for the accident. Contact the experienced Personal Injury Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates which can also help you prevent the issue from reaching the payout stage. Call 855-7688845 l

Personal Injury from Car Accidents/

continued from page 1

ments from accidents can be reached with the attorney. In the case that goes to trial, the jury considers all aspects of damages — economic, non-economic, and punitive, especially in accidents caused by distracted driving and recklessness.

The amount of settlement awarded in New York State is determined by percentage. For instance, it can be agreed that the driver is 80% at fault. At the same time, the other such as occupants, etc., is 20% at fault, otherwise known as pure comparative negligence. They are determining the cost of medical treatment. All the documentation associated with the medical expenses during or after the accident must be considered for claims.

In determining the severity of personal injuries, settlements are largely determined by the level of the injury and seriousness of the damage. A minor damage will receive less money than a permanent, chronic, or severe injury. Furthermore, the jury also reviews other factors during a trial, such as the worth of the other party's insurance, i.e., how much the other party's insurance policy carries. To determine if the person who caused the presenting situation that led to the car accident doesn't take high-value insurance coverage. All these require an expert view to help determine alternatives to obtaining an insurance claim or other revenue sources that will enable the defendant to provide a payout.

Therefore, some factors that influence compensation after a car accident are the law of shared fault and negligence, the number of economic damages, the severity of injuries, and the auto insurance policy limits. Most cases need legal support and expert advice, especially from personal injury attorneys.

Legal Assistance

A personal injury attorney specializes in helping victims obtain settlements by providing legal assistance and advice after a car crash. The attorneys at the Personal Injury Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates possess a wide range of experience and the expertise needed to advocate for victims who have been placed in vulnerable positions from a car accident. Call us at 855-768-8845 or schedule an appointment at www.askthelawyer.us l

After a Rideshare Collision,

Uber/Lyft Accident Attorney?

BY CHRIS TOBIAS

If you've been involved in a rideshare collision as a passenger, driver, or a third party (such as a pedestrian or another driver), it's important to consider whether you should hire an Uber or Lyft accident attorney. While I am not a lawyer and cannot provide legal advice, I can offer some general information to help you make an informed decision. Here are some factors to consider when deciding whether to hire an attorney after a rideshare collision:

1. Severity of Injuries: If you or anyone involved in the accident sustained serious injuries, it's advisable to consult with an attorney. They can help you navigate the legal process and ensure you receive fair compensation for medical expenses, pain and suffering, lost wages, and more.

2. Liability Disputes: Determining liability in rideshare accidents can be complex, especially if multiple parties are involved. Insurance companies may minimize their payout, so having an attorney can help protect your rights and advocate on your behalf.

3. Insurance Coverage Issues: Rideshare companies like Uber and Lyft have insurance policies that may cover accidents involving their drivers. However, the coverage may vary depending on whether the driver was on or off duty during the accident. An attorney can help you understand the insurance coverage available to you.

4.Negotiating with Insurance Companies: Dealing with insurance companies can be challenging, as they often try to settle for the lowest possible

amount. An experienced attorney can negotiate with the insurance companies on your behalf to secure a fair settlement.

5. Legal Expertise: An attorney specializing in rideshare accidents will have the expertise and experience necessary to handle the unique aspects of these cases, including the interaction between the driver's insurance, the rideshare company's insurance, and other parties involved.

6. Statute of Limitations: You can file a personal injury claim after an accident

within a limited timeframe. An attorney can ensure that you meet all deadlines and requirements to pursue your case.

7. Peace of Mind: Hiring an attorney can alleviate the stress and burden of navigating the legal process independently, allowing you to focus on your recovery.

Legal Guidance

It's advisable to consult with a qualified personal injury attorney who has experience with rideshare accident cases to discuss your specific situation. They can provide legal advice tailored to your circumstances and help determine whether pursuing a legal claim is in your best interest. Remember that consultations with attorneys are often free, and many work on a contingency fee basis, meaning they only get paid if you win your case.

The lawyer you hire does make a difference. Let us get the maximum settlement for you. No settlement - no fee. Contact the Personal Injury Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates at 855-768-8845 or www.askthelawyer.usl

Children & Car Accidents: Reducing the Risks!

BY CHRIS TOBIAS

According to statistics, car accidents are among the leading cause of deaths among children in the USA. About 45% of deaths among children are because of car accidents. What can you do if there is a car accident involving your child? During this difficult time, you need a strong advocate on your side like the attorneys at the Personal Injury Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates.

How can we deal with the greater risks that children face when it comes to car accidents? Child victims in car accidents can be placed in two categories. There are those who are passengers and there are those who are pedestrians. It is important to realize that a lack of precautionary measures has been the main reason for child victims of car accidents in both scenarios. Children need keen supervision whenever they are walking along the road, crossing a road or in any other situation where they are interacting with traffic. Further, they need to be looked after when in transit aboard a vehicle and the necessary precautions

taken so as to ensure they remain safe under any circumstances.

For child pedestrians the following measures can help reduce the risk of accidents among children.

1.Close supervision of children at all times when near a road.

2.Training of children in road safety and teaching them safe road use.

3.Educating drivers and other road users on “Child safe road use.”

Reducing the risk to child passengers can be done by taking the following steps:

1.Always ensure that the child is safely secured in the vehicle.

2.Discourage risky activities and play while on board a car.

3.Avoid any showmanship and road rage as you drive because this will set a poor example for the children in your vehicle.

4.Train the children on safety while on board a vehicle.

While these measures will not eliminate child victims of car accidents, they will greatly reduce the risk children face while traveling along the roads or when in a car.

What Can You Do?

A personal injury attorney specializes in helping victims obtain settlements by providing legal assistance and advice after a car crash. The attorneys at the Personal Injury Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates possess a wide range of experience and the expertise needed to advocate for children who have been in car accidents. Call us at 855-768-8845 or schedule an appointment at www.askthelawyer.usl

Mistakes to Avoid

If you or a loved one were in a car accident, please avoid the following mistakes:

Delaying or neglecting to seek medical treatment

A common mistake personal injury victims make is failing to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Making untruthful statements about your injuries

One of the biggest mistakes a victim can make in a personal injury case is to lie about or exaggerate the extent of their injuries.

Failure to secure legal representation

That's one of the biggest mistakes you can make. It will cost you big time.

Speaking with insurance companies without legal representation

Insurance companies are mainly concerned with protecting their interests, meaning minimizing the compensation they pay out for personal injury claims. When one talks directly with an insurance company, they may inadvertently provide information that the insurance company can use to deny or reduce the value of their claim. Statements can be taken out of context or used against you in court.l

USCIS Finalizes Increase in Fees for Immigration-Related Applications

BY ADRIEL OROZCO IMMIGRATIONIMPACT.COM

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) finalized its long-awaited fee rule on January 31, which impacts the filing costs for almost all the agency’s applications. The new fees will take effect April 1, 2024.

The agency’s fee increases significantly impact the cost for family-based and employment-based applications and petitions. In addition, USCIS is charging a new Asylum Program Fee to be paid by certain employers. This fee will fund asylum operations, including those related to the Biden administration’s Asylum Processing Rule, which allows USCIS officers, instead of immigration judges, to conduct asylum merits interviews for certain recent entrants. The agency also expanded several fee exemptions for humanitarian-based petitions while broadening the eligibility criteria for the reduced fee for naturalization applications.

By statute, USCIS is required to review its fee structure every two years. Unlike many other federal agencies, USCIS’s

operations rely primarily—nearly 96%— on user fees. The last time USCIS proposed fee increases was in 2020, but their implementation was halted in court. As a result, USCIS has been relying on its 2016 fees. The new rule aims to account for inflation and to cover the overall costs of its services.

Employers will feel the brunt of the fee changes

The largest increase in fees undoubtedly fall on employer-based petitions. In addition to the $600 Asylum Program Fee for certain employers, USCIS will also

increase fees for processing petitions for temporary and permanent workers (Forms I-129, I-129CW, and I-140). Last year, USCIS proposed to increase these fees for all employers. The American Immigration Council and the American Immigration Lawyers Association submitted a comment raising concerns about the detrimental impacts these fees could have on small businesses and similar entities. In the final rule, USCIS decided to charge lower filing and asylum program fees to small employers (maximum of 25 full-time employees) and lower filing and no asylum program fee to non-

profits.

In addition, employers registering for the opportunity to file a petition for an H1B (specialty occupation) worker also will see an increase in the registration fee from $10 to $215, which will take effect for the registration period in March 2025. USCIS has confirmed that the registration fee for H-1B “cap” numbers (available beginning October 1, 2024) that occurs March 2024 will remain $10. Forprofit employers with more than 25 employees petitioning for an H-1B worker starting in 2025 will see about a 239% increase in their total costs as compared to 2016. These new fees are in addition to the increase in premium processing costs that will take effect February 26, 2024.

Residency and family-based petitions will get more expensive USCIS also made changes to the lawful permanent residency filing fees. Since 2008, the filing fee for a green card application also covered the cost of work and travel authorization requests. Given that family-based residency applications are currently taking 12.3 months to process

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Residency and family-based petitions will get more expensive

IMMIGRATION

Immigration Fees Increase/ continued from page 13 on average, this provided interim benefits to applicants while their green cards were adjudicated. To “encourage” applicants to only file requests that are needed, USCIS will unbundle these forms and require a separate fee for each. However, instead of charging the full fee for work authorization, it will charge half the full price if the request is filed concurrently with the residency application. There will be no discount for travel authorization.

This change, coupled with an online filing discount, creates a range of fees for aspiring green card holders. For example, an applicant through marriage applying within the United States would pay between $2,065 to $3,005 if they wanted to obtain travel and work authorization. This is compared to a standard fee of $1,760 under the 2016 fee rule.

The filing fee for an immigrant investor for a petition to remove the conditions from their permanent residence has increased from $3,750 (without biometrics) to $9,525, a nearly three-fold increase.

New fee exemptions for humanitarian and naturalization applicants

USCIS has also taken measures to remove fee-related barriers for vulnerable applicants pursuing humanitarian visas. The agency expanded fee exemp-

tions for all forms associated with the processing of a U visa (survivors of certain crimes), T visa (survivors of human trafficking), VAWA (survivors of abuse by certain U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident family members) and Special Immigrant Juvenile Status (youth abandoned, abused, or neglected by one or both parents), among others. The stated goal of the agency was to create parity among the humanitarian-based forms of relief.

Middle-income and working-class applicants for naturalization will also see some relief as USCIS expanded eligibility for a reduced fee. Previously, individuals whose incomes were between 150% and 200% of the federal poverty guidelines could pay the lower cost. However, the new rule widens the eligible population to those whose incomes fall between 150% and 400%.

USCIS to provide $50 discount to online filers

In its aim to encourage efficiency and affordability, USCIS is implementing a discount for online filers. Last year, USCIS proposed a range of discounts based on the type of form filed but opted to reduce the filing fees by $50 across the board in its final rule. In its comment to the proposed fee rule, the American Immigration Council and AILA noted that this discount was premature as there are only a limited number of forms avail-

able online and “there are significant issues with those that are available.”

Nevertheless, USCIS indicates that it hopes this discount will encourage more applicants to rely on its online system as it expands the types of forms for online filing.

Impact of New Fees on USCIS’s Backlog

For years USCIS has struggled to timely process immigration benefits caused by the lingering effects of the agency’s reduced operational capacity during the pandemic due to a sharp drop in revenue, shifting policies aimed at restricting legal immigration under the Trump administration, and technological deficiencies. In addition, USCIS has experienced a growth in low or no fee humanitarian applications, including for Temporary

Protected Status and requests under the Biden administration’s new parole programs.

USCIS notes that these new fee increases are meant to allow it to keep pace with incoming cases and avoid future processing backlogs but that it will still require congressional support to eliminate its current backlogs. Despite a total of $275 million appropriation in 2021 and 2022, Congress has not recognized the need to provide USCIS with additional or recurring funding.

As a result, despite these fee increases, some of which are substantial, they may not translate into immediate improvement in USCIS’s processing times.l

Adriel D. Orozco is a Senior Policy Counsel at the American Immigration Council.

Being a Paralegal in New York

BY THE CHAMBER COALITION

Being a paralegal is a rewarding and challenging career within the legal field. Paralegals, also known as legal assistants, play a crucial role in supporting lawyers and law firms by conducting legal research, drafting legal documents, organizing files, and assisting with case management. Here are some critical aspects of being a paralegal:

Legal Research: Paralegals often research to gather information relevant to cases. This can involve reviewing statutes, regulations, case law, and other legal documents to support attorneys in preparing for trials, hearings, or other legal proceedings.

Document Drafting: Paralegals assist attorneys in drafting various legal documents, including contracts, pleadings, motions, and briefs. They must have strong writing skills and attention to detail to convey legal arguments and information accurately.

Case Management: Paralegals help manage cases by organizing files, maintaining calendars, scheduling appointments, and coordinating communication between attorneys, clients, and other par-

ties involved in the legal process.

Client Interaction: Depending on the firm and the specific role, paralegals may interact with clients to gather information, provide updates on case progress, and assist with inquiries or requests.

Specialization: Paralegals may specialize in specific areas of law, such as corporate law, real estate, immigration, bankruptcy, family law, or intellectual property. Specialization often requires additional training or experience in a particular legal area.

Ethical Considerations: Paralegals must adhere to ethical guidelines and maintain confidentiality regarding client information and privileged communications. They work under the supervision of attorneys and must follow ethical standards set by legal professional organizations.

Continuing Education: Keeping up with changes in laws, regulations, and legal technologies is essential for paralegals. Many pursue continuing education courses, certifications, or advanced degrees to enhance their skills and stay current.

Teamwork: Paralegals collaborate closely with attorneys, legal assistants, and

other professionals to ensure cases proceed smoothly and efficiently. Strong communication and teamwork skills are essential for success in this role.

Being a Paralegal in New York

In New York City, you generally do not need a specific degree to work as a paralegal. However, most employers prefer candidates who have completed a formal paralegal studies program or have a bachelor's degree in a related field such as criminal justice, political science, or prelaw.

While a degree or certificate in paralegal studies is not always required, having one can enhance your job prospects and may qualify you for higher-paying positions or advancement opportunities within the legal field. Ultimately, the specific educational requirements for paralegal positions in New York City can vary depending on the employer and the nature of the work. It's essential to research job postings and consult with professionals to determine the educational qualifications and skills needed for the paralegal positions you're interested in pursuing.

The Chamber Coalition offers an outstanding Certificate Program at an affordable price of $550, that can provide you with the necessary knowledge and skills to work as a paralegal. Some topics include legal research, writing, immigration, family, and access to CALI, which law schools use. You also get additional certificates from CLIO and Lexis Nexis.For more information, visit www.freeparalegal.org

Overall, being a paralegal requires a combination of legal knowledge, organizational skills, attention to detail, and professionalism. It offers opportunities for career growth and advancement within the legal profession.l

FOCUS:

Saint Lucia PM’s Independence Message

Message to the diaspora from the Honorable Philip J. Pierre, Prime Minister and Minister for Finance, Economic Development and Youth Economy and Minister for Justice and National Security on the occasion of St Lucia’s 45th Independence Anniversary:

It is with tremendous pride and gratitude that I address you on the occasion of the 45th Anniversary of our country’s Independence. This momentous occasion is not just a commemoration of our nation's journey to sovereignty, but also a reflection on the collective strength, unity, resilience, and creativity that defines the uniqueness of our beloved nation.

As we look back on the past four and a half decades, it is essential to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of the Saint Lucian Diaspora. You, the sons and daughters of this island, scattered across the globe, have played a vital role in shaping our nation's narrative and advancing our shared aspirations for progress and prosperity.

The theme of this year's celebration, “Douvan Ansanm; Building a Nation Through Unity, Resilience and Creativity", is a testament to the importance of ensuring that everyone is meaningfully engaged in the business of our national development, which essentially requires us to maintaining strong connections with all our people at home and

abroad. The bonds that tie us together, transcending geographical boundaries, have proven to be instrumental in our nation's development; whether in North America, Europe, the Caribbean, or beyond, the Saint Lucian spirit remains unyielding, a beacon of hope and inspiration for generations to come.

Our diaspora has been a continual source of inspiration and support, not just in financial terms but also in the form of intellectual capital, skills, and cultural enrichment. Many of you have excelled in your respective fields, becoming ambassadors for Saint Lucia on the global stage. Your achievements in business, academia, arts, and sports continue to inspire us; bringing honour not only to

your families but by elevating the standing and character of our nation.

But importantly, let us not forget that with success comes a responsibility to give back. I urge the diaspora to continue playing an active role in the development of Saint Lucia. Whether through investments, mentorship programs, or collaborations with local initiatives; your involvement is crucial in propelling our country toward sustainable growth.

In these current times, the world is facing unprecedented challenges. The global pandemic, the wars in Ukraine and Palestine, and escalating food prices are all testing the strength of nations and communities alike. It is during such times that the true spirit of solidarity and resilience shines through. I extend my deepest gratitude to you the Diaspora, for your unwavering support during these trying times. Your contributions, both tangible and intangible, have been a lifeline for many of our people facing hardships.

As we celebrate our independence, let us also reflect on the principles and values that define us as a nation. Our commitment to democracy, social justice, and the rule of law remains steadfast. The road ahead may be filled with challenges, but together, as one Saint Lucian family, we can overcome any obstacle that stands in our way.

This government is dedicated to creating an environment conducive to growth

and prosperity. We are investing in infrastructure, education, and healthcare to ensure a better quality of life for all our citizens. I call upon you in the Diaspora to actively engage in these initiatives and to contribute your expertise and resources towards building a brighter future for Saint Lucia.

Moreover, the preservation of our cultural heritage is paramount. Our customs, traditions, and the unique Saint Lucian way of life are the threads that weave the fabric of our identity. The Diaspora, with its rich diversity, plays a crucial role in keeping our cultural flame burning brightly overseas.

I encourage you to actively participate in cultural exchange programs, support local artists, and promote the rich tapestry of Saint Lucian heritage across the world.

In closing, let me extend my heartfelt appreciation to each of you, for your love for our homeland, your dedication to its well-being, and your relentless pursuit of excellence. You are indeed an integral part of the Saint Lucian story. As we celebrate our 45th Year of Independence, let us embrace the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead with a sense of unity, purpose, national pride, and with renewed vigor and commitment.

Happy Independence Day, to each and every one of you. May God bless you, and may God bless our beloved Saint Lucia!l

Saint Lucia’s Prime Minister, Hon. Philip J. Pierre.

Photo courtesy: PM’s Office

President Ali: Tourism, Hospitality Sectors Important to Guyana’s Economic Strategy

BY THE PRESIDENT’S PRESS OFFICE

Georgetown, Guyana: His Excellency President Dr Irfaan Ali underscored that the tourism, hospitality and leisure sectors are integrally important to the country’s overall economic strategy.

The Head of State made the pronouncement while delivering the feature address at the groundbreaking ceremony for the new Georgetown Seafront Resort and Convention Centre that will be built by a Qatari Company— Power Holding Inc. through the Assets Group, on Carifesta Avenue.

The President said that the hotel, which will feature more than 400 rooms, 260 rooms and suites and 160 service apartments, will add to the country’s pool of more than 1300 world-class rooms by the end of 2024.

He noted that the Aiden Best Western in Georgetown is expected to open in June 2024 and will add 150 more rooms; the Marriott Courtyard in Timeheri is expected to open by the last quarter of 2024 and will add 150 more rooms; the Four Points by Sheraton at Providence will add 172 new rooms; the AC Marriott at Ogle is expected to open by December 2024 and will add more than 150 new rooms and the Hyatt Place at Providence

will add more than 130 more new rooms when completed.

The ten hotels that are currently under construction, the President noted, represent a total investment of over US$250m from the private sector, indicative of the confidence of international partners in Guyana’s economy and development trajectory.

“In Guyana today, we are increasing arrivals for tourism tourists, but we also have increasing arrivals for business, strategists, development planners and other key stakeholders that require a certain level of quality in accommodation and a certain level of quality in place of stay. This facility will definitely add to the growing improvement in the quality that we’re offering.”

The President stated that these investments align with his Government’s plan to promote sustainable development and preserve the country’s essence. To achieve this goal, the Seafront Resort and Convention will reflect Georgetown’s architectural history.

“The architectural history of Georgetown was carefully taken into consideration in the design of the building, the natural attributes of Guyana were taken into the design of the building, and you will see more on that. A lot of time was spent on integrating the culture of the country, the natural beauty of the country and the architecture of the country into the design of this facility.”

The Head of State said that his Government will continue investing heavily in replanting the city, rehabilitating and enhancing its infrastructure and other measures to redevelop “one of the most beautiful, naturally green cities that the world will see”.

Amenities at the hotel will include premier villas, members’ clubs, retail units for international food, beverage and fashion brands, and a state-of-the-art health club.

Guyana-Qatar Relationship

During his address, President Ali emphasized the significance of the relationship

between Guyana and Qatar, stating that it encompasses several key areas, including tourism and hospitality, services, oil and gas, and food security.

“This relationship is as a result of our government commitment in diversifying the investors’ stream and diversifying the capital markets through which investment is made in Guyana. This is important, and since we have established a strong focus on the Middle East and other parts of the world that were not traditionally focused on investment in this region, we have seen tremendous interest. Qatar is one of the countries that has shown remarkable speed in expanding this interest and transforming this interest into reality.”

The President announced that soon, a new stadium will be constructed in Region Three, which Qatar will finance as a “grant and gift of friendship that exists between the two countries.”

Prime Minister, the Honorable Brigadier (Ret’d) Mark Phillips; Vice President, the Honorable Dr Bharrat Jagdeo; Minister of Tourism, Industry and Commerce, the Honorable Oneidge Walrond; other cabinet ministers; government officials and members of the diplomatic community were also at the groundbreaking event.l

Read more at www.cawnyc.com

Editorial credit: Office of the President

Jamaican Reggae Artist Qyor Launches “Cool Runnings”

BY LYNDON TAYLOR

Jamaican artist Qyor has launched his latest single “Cool Runnings,” bringing a fresh take on reggae music to listeners worldwide. The project, conceived at the beginning of 2023, emerged from a collaborative session with producer Rayon “Slyda Di Wizard” Curate and Romeich Entertainment, aiming to showcase Jamaica in a unique light through 808 reggae beats.

Named after the iconic movie “Cool Runnings,” the song captures the essence of Jamaican culture and the pride of its people. Qyor’s intention with his music goes beyond mere entertainment; he seeks to touch the hearts and souls of listeners, providing a source of inspiration and positivity in their daily lives.

“Cool Runnings” is now available for purchase and streaming on all digital platforms, including Qyor’s YouTube page.

While the timing of the single’s release wasn’t strategically aligned with other projects, Qyor acknowledges the synchronicity of its launch with other expressions of Jamaican culture in film and music, such as the Bob Marley One Love movie.

Reflecting on his involvement in the film as one of Bob Marley’s security personnel, Qyor expresses his joy at being part of such a historic project and emphasizes the immeasurable impact of Bob Marley on reggae music, Jamaican culture, and the Rastafari movement.

Looking ahead, Qyor invites listeners to stay tuned for more music from him, as he puts the finishing touches on his upcoming album titled “From Scratch,” promising to share his unique blend of XOUL music with the world. As an artist from the exotic island of Jamaica, Qyor is determined to spread his pure magic to every soul through his music. l

Listen to an exclusive interview with Qyor at www.YouTube.com/@cawnyc

Kitchen Corner

Moist Red Velvet Cupcakes

Little versions of classic red velvet cake! Frost with cream cheese frosting or white frosting.

Submitted by pinkspoonula Allrecipes.com

Ingredients

1 ½ cups white sugar

½ cup butter

2 large eggs

1 cup buttermilk

1 fluid ounce red food coloring

1 teaspoon vanilla extract

1 ½ teaspoons baking soda

1 tablespoon distilled white vinegar

2 cups all-purpose flour

⅓ cup unsweetened cocoa powder

1 teaspoon salt

Directions

Step 1

Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease two 12-cup muffin pans or line with 20 paper baking cups.

Step 2

Beat sugar and butter in a large bowl with an electric mixer until light and fluffy. Mix in eggs, buttermilk, red food coloring, and vanilla. Stir in baking soda and vinegar. Combine flour, cocoa powder, and salt; stir into the batter just until blended. Spoon batter into the prepared cups, dividing evenly.

Step 3

Bake in the preheated oven until the tops spring back when lightly pressed, 20 to 25 minutes. Cool in the pan set over a wire rack. When cool, arrange the cupcakes on a serving platter and frost with desired frosting.

cook and stir about 1 minute. Pour in sherry wine; allow to sizzle about 30 seconds. Stir in stock. Raise heat to medium-high and bring to a simmer. When it starts to bubble, reduce heat to medium-low and cook until slightly thickened, 10 to 15 minutes stirring occasionally. Add nutmeg and cayenne pepper.

Nutrition Facts: Calories 160 | Fat 6g | Carbs 26g | Protein 3g l

Prep: 20 mins

Cook: 20 mins

Total: 50 mins

Servings: 20

Yield: 4 servings

Qyor.Photo credit: Noel of @Urbanehue

Reggae Month Needs More “Soul”

BY LEO GILLING

Black History Month (African American History Month) is celebrated in February because it coincides with the birthday of two significant figures in America’s history. First, Abraham Lincoln, former President of the United States, was born on February 12th, and Frederick Douglass, a former enslaved African American, chose February 14th as his birthday. Mr. Douglas was a social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman who ran away from enslavement and fought for equality and justice for all people. He did not know his actual birthdate. Black History Month was built on Black History Week, which was started in the second week of February in 1926. Black communities have celebrated both persons’ birthdays since the late 19th century.

Like Lincoln and Douglas, Reggae Month, celebrated in Jamaica, is recognized in February to acknowledge the birthdays, the life, and works of Dennis Emanuel Brown on February 1st and Robert Nesta “Bob” Marley on February 6th. Both individuals are significant figures in the history of Jamaican music, Bob from inception and Dennis, a childhood phenomenon.

Dennis Brown recorded his first single (a Rocksteady song) as a child, age 12. However, Bob Marley with Bunny Livingston and Peter McIntosh (Tosh), then known as the Wailing Wailers, recorded tracks in the era of Ska, Reggae Love Songs, and Rocksteady, the origins of what we now know as Reggae music.

The government of Jamaica officially announced the Month of February as Reggae Month on January 9th, 2009, and the Proclamation read by Sir Keith Hall on January 24th, the same year, to acknowledge the reggae genre as endemically Jamaican and the impact and contribution the music made to Jamaica and the rest of the world. Many activities are planned each year as part of the celebration of Reggae Month, including tributes to various original creators of the different types

NINE MILE, SAINT ANN PARISH

FEBRUARY 9, 2012 - A tribute band entertains tourists visiting the home and grave of legendary reggae musician Bob Marley at Nine Mile, Jamaica with One Love.

Editorial credit: Lost Mountain Studio / Shutterstock.com

of Jamaican music: Ska, Rocksteady, lovers-rock, and dancehall.

Almost daily, during February, Jamaica, the Diaspora, and the world are entertained by televised and social media, live and recorded performances, panel discussions, and interviews depicting this central part of our culture each night. There are missing pieces. However, that could be highlighted, streamlined, and captured to retain the foundation from which our music is derived. But the JCDC does a beautiful job capturing most. Dr. Sylvanus Thompson remarked, “I watched the Bob Marley celebration at Emancipation Park this year and was impressed with the production. I found the event extraordinarily reminiscent and relaxing. Given Bob’s international reach, it was great that they included Exco Levi from Canada and an African artist to perform on the show.”

It is a good time in history when we can bring Jamaica’s musical journey together for the world to see. Jamaican musical history is culturally rich and exciting, with all kinds of Jamaican music for everyone, as far back as Mento from the 1830s with Lord Flea, Count Lasher, Stanley and the Turbines, Lord Tanamo, Lord Messam and his Calypsonians, Count Owen and his Calypsonians, Lord Composer, Harry Belafonte and more. Mento was popular in the hotel industry, entertaining tourists on the beaches from the 1930s as live entertainment showcasing the banjo, rumba box, Goady shakers, and cast aluminum lap steel guitar electric guitar, sometimes with a steel pan. Popular mento songs include Hill and Gully Ride, Matilda, Take Her to Jamaica, Yellow Bird, and Linstead Market.

Ska music entered Jamaica as it became apparent that independence from Britain was imminent. The country wanted a more upbeat type of music representing freedom from colonialism. It got Derrick Morgan, Skatalites, Prince Buster, Desmond Dekker and the Aces, The Wailing Wailers, the Maytals, Lauren Aitkins, and many more artists. The sound was made famous by big bands led by Don Drummond, Roland Alphonso, Dizzy Johnny Moore, Tommy McCook, Lester Sterling, Jackie Mittoo, Lloyd Brevette, Jah Jerry, and Lloyd Knibbs, who developed Ska Riddim’s instruments with names such as “Man in the Street” Guns of Navarone” and more. Ska was high tempo and high pitched, with a tremendous horn section. A few dance moves paralleled the Ska era that mirrored Swing, Cha Cha, and Twists in the USA: Wash, snap-fall, and Scatter leg.

American Rhythm & Blues and Pop music greatly influenced Jamaican music as Jamaican love songs also made it big on

the island. Old school lover-man, loverboy, sweet-boy, and their speedos (girlfriends) three-stepped their nights away. The Maytals’ song “Daddy,” the wailing wailers “It Hurts to Be Alone,” and Byron Lee’s “Empty Chair” are a few love songs that were popular love songs that made the dance culture famous. We could dig deeper to extract more of the origin of the music. Much of the type of music needs to be added to what is captured and shown to us during the Reggae Month. Dr. Beverly Fray, an avid lover of early reggae music, agreed, “I have always been a fan of Reggae Month. However, this year, so far, I’ve been underwhelmed. The reason is that many of the interviews and performances have been repeated from previous years. Despite that, I would not miss nightly activities at all.” There is so much more to capture.

In 1966, the Jamaica Festival Song competition started to celebrate the island’s history and culture, with one song being named the winner on Independence Day. The first winner was Toots and the Maytals with “Bam Bam.” Other famous and subsequent winners include Eric Donaldson, Roy Rayon, Tonga Stewart, the Jamaicans, and Stanley Beckford.

The roots and culture era is also a forgotten favorite in Jamaica Music; the music of culture with Joseph Hill, Peter Tosh, Burning Spear, Coco T, the Ethiopians, and the Rastafarian and Niyabinghi Chants. These were rootsy music depicting some of the hardships in Jamaica or the Rasta man’s religious beliefs and practices. Missing alongside this are the specials popularly recorded on dubplates. The actual dancehall created a culture of competition using special dubs, initially drumand-base, but later voiced by famous singers and toasters.

To maintain the viability of what Reggae Month should encompass, I recommend that the month be broken up into four named weeks, highlighted by unique names so each day is themed and easily recalled, planned for, and maintained each year accordingly. That way, we look forward, artists can plan to insert their pieces, and the government plays its role in the highlight.

For example:

Week 1. For Dennis Brown & Bob Marley

Week 2. Mento, Ska, rocksteady, festival,60s lovers rock—Nyabinghi music and folklore.

Week 3. Singers of reggae, Roots & Culture, dub-poetry, Jamaica soca, and international

Week 4. Sound systems, clash, dubplates, Soca, Dancehall

Each category can have one, two, or three days dedicated to it, depending on its impact.

Jamaican music is eclectic and derived from a depth not experienced elsewhere worldwide. It should be captured for fun, excitement, embodiment, and richness in Jamaican living and lifestyle. Each era is varied and different. Let us streamline it for posterity.l

Leo Gilling is the Diaspora Strategist & Engagement Advocate and Chairman Jamaica Diaspora Taskforce Action Network (JDTAN)

/ JAMAICA -

When a Man Loves a Woman: Exploring the Depths of Love and Devotion

BY MARY CAMPBELL

Love, the most profound and complex of human emotions, has inspired countless poems, songs, and works of art throughout history. Among the myriad expressions of love, perhaps none is more deeply felt and passionately portrayed than when a man loves a woman. It is a timeless theme that transcends cultures, languages, and ages, capturing the essence of human connection in its purest form.

When a man loves a woman, it is more than a fleeting infatuation or a passing fancy. It is a profound bond that transcends physical attraction, rooted in respect, admiration, and genuine affection. Love in its truest form is not merely an emotion; it is a commitment—a conscious decision to stand by and support one another through the trials and triumphs of life.

At the heart of a man's love for a woman lies a deep sense of admiration and appreciation for who she is as a person. He sees her strengths, her vulnerabilities, her quirks, and imperfections,

and loves her all the more for them. He celebrates her successes and comforts her in times of failure, always standing by her side as her biggest cheerleader and staunchest supporter.

Moreover, when a man loves a woman, he respects her autonomy and values her independence. He recognizes her as an equal partner, worthy of love and respect, and honors her individuality. He encourages her to pursue her passions, chase her dreams, and become the best version of herself, knowing that her happiness and fulfillment are integral to the strength of

their relationship. Communication is the cornerstone of any healthy relationship, and when a man loves a woman, he listens to her with empathy and understanding. He values her thoughts, opinions, and feelings, seeking to understand her perspective even when they disagree. He creates a safe space for open and honest dialogue, where they can share their hopes, fears, and aspirations without fear of judgment or reprisal.

But perhaps the most defining characteristic of a man's love for a woman is his

unwavering devotion and commitment to her well-being. He is her rock in times of turmoil, her refuge in the storm, and her constant source of strength and support. He prioritizes her happiness above his own, selflessly sacrificing his desires for her sake, and cherishing every moment they share together.

In essence, when a man loves a woman, he embodies the very essence of love itself—a selfless, unconditional, and boundless force that knows no bounds. It is a love that transcends the limitations of the physical world, connecting two souls in a profound and spiritual union that defies explanation.

In conclusion, when a man loves a woman, it is a testament to the power of love to transform and enrich our lives in ways we never thought possible. It is a journey of discovery, growth, and mutual respect that challenges us to be our best selves and brings out the true beauty of the human spirit. And in the end, it is a love worth cherishing, nurturing, and protecting with all our hearts, for it is the greatest gift we can ever hope to receive.l

Filing Back Taxes

In the end, IRS requirements are quite simple: You must file every year that your income is greater than the standard deduction. Your tax responsibility is then based on how much you made. If we don’t pay what’s legally owed, even because of simple carelessness, back taxes must be filed.

Most often, this is required because of a simple error. A 1099 form or receipt be late-arriving, forgotten or misplaced. A line was accidentally missed when preparing your form. In any circumstance, you’ll have to make things right with Uncle Sam.

Collecting Information

So, you’ve realized an error or have been alerted to one by the IRS. The first step is collecting the needed information. Your obligation won’t expire, however, and interest and penalties can begin to pile up — so time is of the essence. Missing individual paperwork like last year’s W-2 or 1099 is typically easy to recover by contacting your employer.

For those who are further behind, however, the gathering process may become more complex. In the meantime, request a substitute from the IRS by filing Form 4852 and estimate your income. Report

any additional sources of income and make a payment while you wait on the requested additional income paperwork to arrive. That may halt penalties and compound interest.

Completing New Forms

You must file using forms for the year (or years) that were missed. As with Form 4852, you can find this downloadable paperwork on the IRS website, which maintains a backlog of previous forms. You can also request them by standard mail, or through select tax-preparation software websites.

If you have additional deductions, that can serve to reduce your bill. Again, documentation is key if you plan to itemize.

Either way, remember to claim the standard deduction, along with any other eligible credits including dependents during the period for which you did not file.

Things to Remember

It’s important to use the form from the corresponding year because tax laws often change, so this specific paperwork will reflect the applicable rules for that year. Using the wrong form might lead to a situation where you pay too much or too little. File the form and any supporting documentation just as you normally would, either through the mail or with efiling software.

Should the preparation process become too complicated, or if you become worried that a new mistake might have been made along the way, consider contacting a qualified tax accountant to doublecheck your work. The last thing you want is another delay, since accruing interest and penalties might come into play again.l

•Falls

•Fractured Bones

•Infections

The lawyer you hire, does make a difference!