The Immigrant's Journal - Vol. 204

BY ADRIEL D. OROZCO IMMIGRATIONIMPACT.COM

Thousands of immigrant workers with pending work permit renewals, and their employers, breathed a sigh of relief last week.

On April 8, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) issued a temporary rule that automatically extends the validity period of their work permits for up to 540 days, or about a year and a half. This amends an existing regulation, which provides workers with

Injured

BY JUAN AVILEZ

After months of contentious debate and near government shutdowns, Congress approved appropriations for fiscal year 2024, which President Biden quickly signed into law. The spending package contains several important immigration-related appropriations and provisions. Alarmingly, however, $150 million has been cut from the Shelter and Services Program (SSP) under the Federal Emergency Management

an automatic extension of up to 180 days. USCIS issued this rule to prevent any lapses in employment for nearly 800,000 workers that could have resulted from the agency’s processing backlogs.

As the United States faces a tight labor market and chronic labor shortages, a temporary lapse in employment authorization for employment-eligible immigrants would provide an unnecessary hit to the economy. According to USCIS’ estimates, this rule will preserve $29.1 billion in immigrants’ earnings and yield

AG James and Rep Espaillat Warn New Yorkers About Real Estate Scams Targeting the Dominican Community

NEW YORK: New York Attorney General Letitia James and Congressman Adriano Espaillat issued a consumer alert warning New Yorkers about real estate scams targeting at the Dominican community after prosecutors in the Dominican Republic charged a businessman with scamming nearly 150 individuals in the Dominican Republic and United States – including approximately 24 New Yorkers – with fraudulent real estate listings. Emmanuel Rivera Ledesma was arrested recently for perpetrating a scheme through his company, InDisArq, that cheated each of his victims out of thousands of dollars.

Rivera Ledesma targeted Dominicans living in the U.S. with advertisements for properties that either did not exist or were sold to multiple buyers and collected millions of dollars in deposits.

The Office of the Attorney General (OAG) and Congressman Espaillat have received numerous complaints from New

Yorkers and out-of-state victims about this scam in recent months. Individuals who believe they may have been a victim of Ledesma’s scheme can submit complaints to OAG, which will be forwarded to prosecuting authorities in the Dominican Republic.

“New Yorkers should always be suspicious of speculative real estate deals where they are asked to buy property sight unseen,” said Attorney General James. “Purchasing real estate abroad can be complicated and expensive, and individuals should take precautions to ensure they are working with legitimate brokers. I thank Congressman Espaillat for notifying my office of this issue and am proud to work with him to ensure the victims of this scam get justice. I encourage anyone who may be a victim of a real estate scam or fraud to report it to my office.”

"As public servants, we work tirelessly to ensure residents do not fall victim to scams and other fraudulent practices, and

our offices took actions once Rivera Ledesma’s improper actions through his company, InDisArq, were brought to our attention,” said Congressman Espaillat. “I commend Attorney General James for her continuous efforts to hold perpetrators and bad actors accountable. Scammers are targeting communities daily, especially minorities and seniors, and we encourage anyone who suspects they have been a scam victim to contact our offices immediately.”

“It deeply alarms me to learn about schemes aimed at exploiting the hardearned money of working-class individuals, particularly in a city economy where many struggle to make ends meet,” said Assemblymember Manny De Los Santos. “This reprehensible behavior only exacerbates the financial challenges faced by our community. We must vehemently oppose such exploitation and redouble our efforts to safeguard the financial security of those who are most vulnerable. I thank Attorney General James and Congressman Espaillat for their tireless efforts in alerting New Yorkers and identifying further victims of this deceitful scheme. Their dedication to protecting our community from such unscrupulous practices is commendable and underscores the importance of collaborative action in safeguarding the well-being of our constituents.”

“We understand generational reinvestment in immigrant home countries is a standard across our communities, especially the Dominican community,” said City Councilmember Carmen De La Rosa. “We are incredibly disheartened by the predatory scams that have targeted those seeking to invest and focus on upward mobility. We urge Dominicans to stay vigilant and proceed with caution when addressing real estate negotiations and not be afraid to report predatory behavior to the Office of the Attorney General.”

Dominican prosecutors allege that Rivera Ledesma operated a scheme in which he advertised real estate investments in Santo Domingo primarily to Dominicans living in America. Rivera Ledesma collected millions of dollars in deposits for properties that he either did not have the rights to build or were simultaneously sold to multiple buyers. When he failed to deliver, Rivera Ledesma attempted to intimidate his customers into staying silent.

Attorney General James and Congressman Espaillat recommend consumers take the following precautions before investing in real estate to avoid potential scams:

sTake basic steps to familiarize yourself with the business or individual offering the real estate investment opportunity prior to sending any funds or signing any contracts or agreements. This includes:

s Using Google, the Better Business Bureau, and social media searches to find reliable information on the project and verify the real estate investment location, entity, and individuals offering the investment.

s Personally, physically inspecting the purported real estate premises (do not rely on virtual solicitations, flyers, and advertisements alone) to try to determine whether the project is even possible at that location.

sPhysically visiting the project to verify if it is as far along as claimed or proposed.

sPhysically visiting the business’ offices, checking to make sure it has an actual footprint or operating business.

sResearching or speaking to current and previous customers/clients and researching previous projects of the entity or individuals who are offering the real estate investment to discuss and identify any issues. If no previous or current clients or projects exist, this should raise red flags.

sConsulting a trusted legal professional or title company capable of determining true ownership of the real estate investment property.

sConsulting a trusted legal professional to help provide a full understanding of the legal documents, applicable laws, legal terms, and legal process for any of the investments, contracts, or other agreements associated with the real estate investment transaction.

Consulting a trusted legal professional who can run background checks on the entity or individual offering the real estate investment.

sRetain all communications, documents, and financial records regarding the transaction and real estate investment opportunity.

sIf possible, do not fund any portion of the transaction with a cash transfer.

sIf things feel off or too good to be true, trust your instincts and think twice before investing.

New Yorkers who wish to report a real estate scam should contact local law enforcement or file a complaint with the Office of the Attorney General’s Consumer Frauds Bureau online or by calling 800-771-7755.l

Rep Espaillat

Pro-immigrant Measures Also Bear Fruit at the Polls

BY MARIBEL HASTINGS AMERICA’S VOICE

Washington, DC: Now that some media outlets are reporting that President Joe Biden is considering extending immigration relief to certain undocumented immigrants, including the spouses of U.S. citizens, it’s important to remember that positive actions on immigration issues in an election year have borne fruit for Democrats, as Barack Obama proved in 2012 after creating DACA amidst enormous political pressure in his reelection.

Biden is under pressure from diverse groupings demanding action at the border, some who want it to be closed, if necessary, and to drastically limit the asylum process. Others argue that there should be a balance and that the border can be managed without undermining asylum laws. At the same time, they say, legal entry pathways for those with family or employment ties should be facilitated, and work permits should be extended to certain undocumented people, especially those who have been in the United States for decades.

With Donald Trump and his Republican Party exploiting the immigration issue to rile up their base in an election year, some argue that it would be political suicide for Biden to announce measures that benefit undocumented people.

But without trying to sound like a broken record, it’s important to review recent history and see how, even in the middle of the political pressure of an election year, there are bold actions on immigration that could benefit the Democrats electorally.

Obama won the presidency in 2008 promising immigration reform and obtained 67% of the Latino vote in his historic election. To win Republican “support” for said reform, Obama took more energetic measures at the border and interior of the country and deported

half of humanity, so much so that he earned the nickname of “Deporter in Chief” from the head of UnidosUS (formerly National Council of La Raza, or NCLR), Janet Murguía.

The deportations displeased activists and Democratic legislators, but also many Hispanic voters. Millions live in families of mixed immigration statuses, where there are undocumented people, legal residents, and citizens who are voters.

At the same time and in the face of inaction from Congress, the Dreamers intensified pressure on Obama to create an executive order that would protect them from deportation and offer them work permits. The White House insisted it could not do it.

Obama’s refusal, added to his deportation record, intensified the discontent among Latino voters, particularly in key states needed to win the White House. I’ve often said that in 2012 I visited Florida, Nevada, and Arizona to speak with Latino voters and the groups responsible for first registering them and then mobilizing them, and the common denominator was annoyance over an unfulfilled promise, the deportations, and above all, the refusal to at least protect the Dreamers.

It seems that Obama’s internal polling also confirmed he was running the risk of

losing support among Latinos who formed part of the historic coalition of voters that catapulted him to victory in 2008. So it was that on June 15, 2012 Obama signed the executive order that created Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), which protects those who were able to benefit before the measure became mired in legal disputes from deportation, and grants them work permits.

After announcing DACA, Obama won re-election in 2012 with increased support among Latino voters, 71% compared to 67% in 2008.

Biden knows all of this first hand as he was Obama’s Vice President. Now, in his own re-election battle, the polls show him in a tight race with Trump and that means that every vote is important in order to prevail, especially in key states to win the presidency and where the Latino vote is important.

Hispanics in general, like all U.S. voters, want balanced solutions that deal with the border in a humane and effective way, while at the same time extending some immigration relief to those undocumented people who have been living in the United States for decades, are essential workers, and contribute to the economy through their taxes and their consumption.

Pro-immigrant measures also pay benefits at the polls.l

The mission of America’s Voice (AV) and America’s Voice Education Fund (AVEF) is to build the public support and the political will needed to enact policy changes that secure freedom and opportunity for immigrants in America. Priority goal: win reforms that put 11 million undocumented Americans on a path to full citizenship.

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Volunteering at THE IMMIGRANT'S JOURNAL LEGAL & EDUCATIONAL FUND, INC. Internship positions available throughout the year.

The Immigrant's Journal Legal & Educational Fund, Inc. is an organization dedicated to the educational and economic empowerment of all immigrants and immigrant organizations here in the United States. We at the Journal recognize the enormous contribution of immigrants to this country economically, socially and politically. Since September 11, 2001, however, immigrants have increasingly been discriminated against and Congress has passed legislation curtailing the rights of immigrants here in the U.S., broadly claiming that immigrants are a threat to ''National Security.'' We at the Journal believe that these charges are unfounded, unsubstantiated and exaggerated. The Immigrant's Journal Volunteer Intern Program was introduced to give our volunteers the opportunity to work in an immigrant friendly environment while developing the necessary skills for college or law school. They assist our staff in resolving immigration and other legal concerns through personal interviews, radio, email and telephone contact. They also assist the public with citizenship applications and in researching whether or not children of naturalized U.S. citizens have derived citizenship from their parents. Some of our volunteers assist our legal staff by engaging in legal research and writing letters on other legal issues. Volunteer interns are also assigned various other jobs in our Youth Programs. Hours are flexible. Email your cover letter and resume or any questions to immjournal@aol.com

AMERICAN DREAM 4

Agency (FEMA) and transferred to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). SSP funding allows states and localities to recuperate some of the costs they sustain in providing services, such as shelter and medical care, to migrants.

Cutting Aid for Migrant Shelters/ continued from page 1 responded extraordinarily in addressing the needs of new arrivals—from innovative partnerships with USCIS to utilizing state and local funds to create intake centers to support newly arrived migrants. Despite this, the lack of increased funding or support by the federal government means that states and localities have less resources to focus on long-term solutions and instead have devoted their limited funds to addressing migrants’ short-term needs.

The cuts to SSP funding, previously distributed under the Emergency Food and Shelter Program-Humanitarian, threaten to undermine the critical infrastructures that states and localities have employed to welcome newly arrived migrants over the past two years.

In the absence of federal support, cities are now being forced to limit their aid to new arrivals.

How cities have responded

As the number of migrants seeking asylum at the southern U.S. border increased over the past two years, cities were forced into an emergency response, prioritizing shelter, and other basic needs for migrants. They responded quickly, building needed infrastructure such as migrant intake centers and shelters. The cities at the forefront of these responses led with their values and met the moment with a humanitarian response.

However, the emergency responses from cities are not, and were not planned to be, long-term solutions to the continued arrival of migrants. Housing costs are steep in major cities – meaning that costs associated with opening and operating shelters are high. The shelters for migrants were created as temporary stopgaps. Cities recognized this, calling on federal action or aid to help welcome newly arrived migrants as early as 2022.

Using their available resources, states and localities have stepped up and

One crucial tool states and localities have used to deal with the steep costs of housing and supporting migrants is funding from the SSP – the program that has just been cut in the new appropriations package. Through SSP, states, localities, and organizations providing services to migrants have been able to recuperate some of the costs they incurred in providing shelter, transportation, medical services, and other administrative costs.

SSP is not perfect, with complex reporting requirements for those using the funds and other bureaucratic obstacles. Nevertheless, it undoubtedly has been a crucial component of the infrastructure built to welcome new arrivals. Congress’ $150 million cut to the program reflects a lack of commitment to the needs and values of cities at the frontlines of welcoming new arrivals.

States and cities have asked for help Mayors, governors, the business community, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have repeatedly asked the federal government to act to sustain the tremendous work they are doing on the ground, and to accept its own responsibility to address migrants’ needs.

The mayors of five major cities (Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los

Angeles, and New York) met with President Biden last November to discuss the help needed to welcome new arrivals. In their meeting, the mayors requested $5 billion for state and local governments to provide shelter and services to migrants along with expedited work authorization for newly arrived migrants.

Nine governors from states experiencing a large influx of migrants wrote a letter in January echoing the asks of the mayors – increased funding and support for states and cities receiving new arrivals.

Meanwhile, last fall, the American Immigration Council led over 100 businesses, trade associations, and chambers of commerce in sending a letter to Congress urging them to reduce the waiting period for asylum seekers to obtain work permits; an act that would reduce pressure on communities by allowing migrants to go to work and support themselves more quickly. The businesses that signed on to the letter represented a variety of industries and from states across the political spectrum.

Congressional leaders across the political spectrum continue to clamor for changes to current immigration policy to help with the influx of asylum seekers. However, Congress has taken little action to fulfill these statements, with

politics taking precedence over any real policy change.

With numerous examples of unified, bipartisan calls for action to the Biden administration and Congress from cities, states, and business groups, the lack of any significant policy is a policy decision in and of itself. The message is clear –the federal government is choosing not to act to support states and localities in their efforts to welcome new arrivals.

Cities shifting policies

This message has significant effects on the policies employed by states and cities.

With SSP funding dwindling, states and localities are unable to sustain the costs they have incurred supporting new arrivals and are being forced to reduce their assistance. These cuts leave a worrisome gap in the needs of newly arrived migrants, which could exacerbate their humanitarian needs.

New York City, Chicago, Denver, and Massachusetts have all now instituted limits on the length of time migrants can remain in shelters. Some states, like Massachusetts, are investing in plans to find permanent housing to move migrants out of shelters.

It is not a matter of states and localities losing the desire to aid migrants, as evidenced by their commitment to longerterm solutions. Instead, due to federal inaction, state and local governments are trying to support migrants within the constraints of their own budgets. This has resulted in cities and states reducing or cutting the funding of other services to offset the costs of welcoming migrants. If the federal government won’t provide financial backing to states and localities, their investments in supporting migrants are no longer sustainable, and limiting their spending means limiting migrant support.

The reduction in SSP funding is a step in the wrong direction in addressing newly arrived migrants. With little policy movement in Congress and no broad action at the executive level, states, and localities, once again, are forced into policy decisions on immigration – even if they’re not the decisions that state and local leaders wish they could make.l

Congressional Leaders Join Haitian Advocates and Impacted Individuals in Urging Federal Action to Expand Protection for Haitians

BY AMERICA’S VOICE

Washington DC: On April 19, Haiti Caucus Co-Chairs Rep. Ayanna Pressley (MA-07) and Rep. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (FL-20), and Rep. Cori Bush (MO-01) joined an impacted person in Haiti, Haitian-led organizations, advocates, and allies to urge federal action to address the worsening humanitarian crisis in Haiti. Haiti is currently facing a severe humanitarian, political, and security crisis. Medical care, food, water, and other essential resources are in short supply throughout the country due to insecurity and violence, mainly caused by gang conflicts. The situation has become so dire that the country has been declared to be in a state of emergency, with curfews imposed. In just the past few weeks, over 53,000 people have been forced to flee from gang-driven violence. Unfortunately, this widespread issue is escalating day by day.

President Biden declared the United States a close and enduring “friend” of Haiti shortly after taking office. Haitianled organizations and Congressional leaders are urging the Biden administration to take federal action and expand protections for Haiti by:

sExtend and redesignate TPS for Haiti

sStop all plans to detain Haitians interdicted at sea at Guantanamo Bay or offshore detention centers s Expedite Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela (CHNV) applications

sHalt all removals to Haiti by land or sea

sRelease Haitians detained

Here are some quotes from the speakers:

E*, a directly impacted person in Haiti, said: “What we have been witnessing currently is unprecedented in our country’s history. There has been government complacency in what we’re seeing right now. All of the areas that previously were safe are not safe. The government of Haiti does not have any control of the country. Police officers who are fighting to try to keep things at bay are doing their best, but they don’t know for how long they can continue to fight. The population is left to fend for themselves in this

humanitarian crisis. They don’t have anywhere to sleep. Gangs are going around stealing homes and burning everything that they have. There’s no food. There’s no gas. Schools are closed, and no one knows when they will be open again. Gang members are entering neighbors to, again, burn down homes, to rape women, and to take everything that they have. In Port-au-Prince, we see dead bodies everywhere. People are walking over dead bodies, people are burning. You see dogs and pigs eating corpses. As I mentioned, the government cannot do anything to control things that are happening in Haiti, and that is apparent as the only airport in Port-au-Prince was shut down because gangs were shooting at the planes. As I speak to you right now, I’m a potential victim.”

Representative Ayanna Pressley (MA07), said: “The crisis in Haiti is a humanitarian one that demands a humanitarian response, and the United States must take

continued on page 6

Editorial credit: Nelson Antoine / Shutterstock.com

IMMIGRANTS’ CONCERNS

Protection for Haitians/ continued from page 5

action to stabilize Haiti and save lives,” said Congresswoman Pressley, Co-Chair of the House Haiti Caucus. “That means immediately halting deportations to Haiti, re-designating TPS for Haiti, cracking down on arms trafficking, supporting a Haitian-led democratic transition, and immediately providing the security, humanitarian, and economic assistance that the island needs. We must move with urgency and compassion – for the sake of the Haitian people, for the Haitian diaspora in Massachusetts and beyond, and for the sake of our shared humanity. I’m grateful to our advocates and my colleagues for their ongoing partnership.”

Representative Sheila CherfilusMcCormick (FL-20), said: “Haiti is experiencing an unprecedented crisis. The lives of countless Haitians are being torn apart by ongoing violence and borderline famine imposed by influential gangs. Crucially, the very firearms fueling this chaos are being smuggled from South Florida into the hands of those who oppress and terrorize innocent men, women, and children. We must confront this challenge head-on. Not only by curtailing the illicit flow of firearms, but also by releasing the Multinational Security Support mission funding for Haiti immediately, to help restore order. The time has come for us to stand in solidarity with the people of Haiti and their fight for peace, order, and stability.”

Representative Cori Bush (MO-01,) said: “My heart is with the people of Haiti as they face a devastating humani-

tarian crisis. We have a moral obligation to protect Haitians fleeing these horrific conditions, and to support Haitian-led solutions that ensure democracy and stability. I urge the Biden Administration to extend and redesignate Haiti for TPS, halt deportations, expand lawful pathways including access to asylum, and support a Haitian-led transition to democracy. I stand in solidarity with the people of Haiti, and with Haitians in St. Louis and around the world, and I’m grateful for the extraordinary advocacy by my colleagues in Congress and in civil society.”

Guerline Jozef, Co-Founder and Executive Director of Haitian Bridge Alliance (HBA), said: “We are calling on the Biden administration and Vice President Harris to look into the causes of foreign displacement in migration of haitians. We are calling for an increase of the CHNV program for Haitians. We are calling for swift and immediate response to reunite families and send the proper and appropriate letters so people can safely migrate. We are calling on a complete halt to all deportations, by air, sea, or land. Anywhere, any port of entry. We

must make sure that we say no on caging and imprisoning Haitian refugees in Guantanamo bay… Immigration is a social, racial, justice issue. Immigration is a black issue.”

Tessa Petit, Executive Director of Florida Immigrant Coalition (FLIC), said: “The crisis in Haiti has reached a never before seen level of cruelty and dehumanization. The country has been closed since February 29th. People have been dying at a rapid rate, access to healthcare is now practically nonexistent, and access to food is getting more scarce.”

Paul C. Namphy, Lead Organizer of Family Action Network Movement (FANM), said: “We renew our call for an END to forcible deportations, expulsions, or repatriations of Haitian nationals to Haiti, by air, land, or sea. Inspired by humanitarian law, we echo the Nov. 2022 appeal of UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Filippo Grandi to NationStates to stand in solidarity with Haiti

and to NOT return Haitians to a country that is extremely fragile. It is unconscionable that, while the US Government is evacuating its citizens from Haiti and has a Level 4 Travel Advisory in place to Haiti, the Biden Administration is STILL returning Haitians to Haiti, and not extending the planned evacuations to Haitians in Haiti who HAVE BEEN APPROVED by USCIS to travel to the US. We also send a clear message to those contemplating re-opening Guantanamo to detain Haitians. In light of the scars provoked by the mistreatment of our community members at the Naval Base’s detention camp in the 1990’s, we say: ‘GUANTANAMO! NO! NO! NO!’”

Amy Fischer, Director of Refugee and Migrant Rights of Amnesty International, said: “As other states across the region are failing to protect Haitians, the United States must find the moral courage to be the beacon of humanitarian protection that Haitians need. Seeking asylum is a human right— the United States has a moral and legal obligation to uphold that right, as well as an obligation to not remove Haitians to other countries where we know they won’t be protected. Amnesty International USA calls upon the Biden Administration to halt all removals to Haiti, ensure Haitians apprehended at sea can access protection, and for an extension and redesignation of TPS for Haiti.”

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Rev. David Nagler, Bishop of the Pacifica Synod, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, said: “All the great Abrahamic religious traditions place care for those in need as a top priority for an authentic spiritual life. The greater the need the more urgent the response. Our area of southern California includes one of the busiest border crossings in the world. Many Haitians have come to our communities seeking safety and assistance to care for basic human needs. Some of our churches have welcomed Haitian families and have heard their stories. The cause of Haiti has become deeply personal. Now with the escalation of violence there is a sense of hopelessness that is creeping in. The question before us as a nation is will we make the policy decisions that will protect the vulnerable, provide for basic human needs, and help create a path toward a sustainable and prosperous future? I urge the Biden Administration to act to extend and redesignate TPS for Haiti, pause deportations, ensure access to asylum, and expand key lawful migration pathways that will allow families to reunite safely.”l

Rep Pressley. Editorial credit: Pressley.house.gov

Rep Rep. Cherfilus-McCormick. Editorial credit:cherfilus-mccormick.house.gov

Rep Bush. Editorial credit: Public Domain

Transforming Your Home into a Green Oasis

BY EQUITY SMART REALTY INC

Earth Day, celebrated annually on April 22nd, serves as a poignant reminder of our collective responsibility towards our planet. In a world increasingly conscious of environmental concerns, the concept of making one's home green has transitioned from a trend to a necessity. The place we call home is a sanctuary for ourselves and a space intertwined with the larger ecosystem. This article explores the myriad ways individuals can make their homes green, balancing eco-conscious choices with comfort and functionality. By taking these steps, you are not only contributing to a greener planet but also creating a healthier and more comfortable living environment for yourself and your loved ones.

One of the primary avenues to a greener home lies in energy efficiency. Implementing energy-saving practices and technologies not only reduces utility bills but also diminishes carbon emissions. Simple steps like switching to LED light bulbs, utilizing programmable thermostats, and sealing air leaks can yield significant energy savings. Additionally, investing in renewable energy sources such as solar panels or wind turbines enables homeowners to generate their electricity sustainably, further reducing their environmental impact. Remember,

your individual actions, when multiplied across the globe, can make a significant difference in our fight against climate change. You have the power to make a difference, starting from your own home.

Water conservation is another vital aspect of green home initiatives. Installing low-flow faucets, showerheads, and water-efficient toilets can substantially reduce water consumption without sacrificing comfort. Moreover, capturing rainwater for outdoor use through rain barrels allows for the responsible utilization of this precious resource. Greywater recycling systems are another innovative way to conserve water. These systems collect water from sources like showers, sinks, and washing machines, and treat it for reuse in non-potable applications such as toilet flushing or irrigation. This reduces the strain on freshwater resources and can significantly reduce a household's water consumption.

Opting for eco-friendly materials and practices in interior design and furnishings can significantly enhance a home's

sustainability. Choosing sustainably sourced wood for furniture not only reduces deforestation but also ensures the longevity and quality of your furniture. Utilizing non-toxic paints and finishes can improve indoor air quality, reducing the risk of respiratory issues. Selecting carpets made from natural fibers like wool or jute can be more durable and easier to clean, reducing the need for frequent replacements. Furthermore, repurposing or upcycling existing furniture and decor items reduces waste and adds a unique charm to the living space.

The outdoor area of a home presents ample opportunities for eco-friendly landscaping and gardening. Embracing native plants in landscaping reduces water consumption and supports local biodiversity. Implementing composting systems to recycle organic waste enriches the soil naturally and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. Composting involves collecting organic waste such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and leaves, and allowing them to decompose into a nutrient-rich

soil amendment. This process not only reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills but also improves soil health and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers. Additionally, creating habitat spaces for wildlife, such as bird feeders or insect hotels, promotes ecological balance and enhances the overall sustainability of the property.

Beyond physical modifications, fostering a culture of sustainability within the household is paramount. Educating family members about the importance of eco-friendly practices and involving them in decision-making processes cultivates a shared commitment to environmental stewardship. This not only helps in reducing the household's environmental impact but also strengthens family bonds and promotes a sense of shared responsibility. Encouraging habits like recycling, reducing waste, and conserving resources instill a sense of responsibility towards the planet daily. By involving everyone in your household, you are not only creating a more sustainable home but also fostering a sense of community and shared responsibility for our planet.

As we commemorate Earth Day each year, we reaffirm our commitment to preserving the Earth's precious ecosystems and strive towards a more sustainable future for all life on our planet.l

Prepaid Debit Cards for Families of Migrants in NYC, Explained

BY ROMMEL H. OJEDA AND GIULIA MCDONNELL NIETO DEL RIO DOCUMENTED NY

New York City Mayor Eric Adams announced a pilot program to provide pre-paid debit cards to 500 asylum seeker families with children. The debit cards, administered by the company Mobility Capital Finance (MoCaFi), will be solely used for migrants to buy food and baby supplies at bodegas, grocery stores and supermarkets.

The program is one of the efforts introduced by the Adams’ administration to reduce spending on food provided in shelters, while improving the access to cooked, nutritious and culturally appropriate food — which has been a point of contention between the administration and immigrant advocates.

The announcement of the program received backlash from right-wing publications and saw various levels of misinformation shared in social media platforms including TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram. “The suggestion that New York City is handing out thousands of dollars in free cash to migrants who are

only in our care for 60 days is not only false, but also contractually impossible,” Kayla Mamelak, Deputy Press Secretary for City Hall, told Documented. What is the purpose of the prepaid debit card program announced by Mayor Eric Adams?

The MoCaFi pilot program aims to distribute prepaid debit cards, known as Immediate Response Cards (IRC), to migrant families to buy food and baby supplies. “It can only be utilized at supermarkets and bodegas, and it is expected to save the city millions of dollars in services for families with children in our care,”

Mamelak said.

Who is eligible?

The program is currently in a pilot phase, and therefore it will be only available to 500 migrant families with children who have been selected to participate in the initiative.

Can single migrants receive prepaid debit cards?

At the moment the program is only available for families with children. Where can I apply?

Applications are not available to the public yet. The program is undergoing a pilot phase and it is limited to 500 families. The

cards are being distributed to the selected families, after they have been assigned to a shelter, by the IRC team at The Roosevelt Hotel.

When will the debit card program start?

The pilot program began rolling out on Monday and by next week about 115 cards will have gone to roughly 460 people who are placed in 28-day shelter stays through the Department of Housing Preservation and Development. How much money will each family receive on the debit card?

The amount of money that each family will receive on the card will be based on the family size and age of children, following SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) and WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children) guidelines. The city will begin by loading only one week of funds onto the cards at a time. As an example, a family of four with two children under five will receive about $350 each week through the end of their stay.

Are there restrictions on how the debit card can be used?

Yes, the card can only be used at bodegas,

grocery stores, and supermarkets. It cannot be used to withdraw cash or for cash back transactions. It is designed primarily for purchasing necessities like food and baby items.

What if the debit card is lost or stolen, or if assistance is needed?

A 24/7 call center is available for cardholders to report lost or stolen cards, check balances, or receive other assistance. Support is available in Spanish automatically and in other languages during business hours.

What misconceptions exist about the program?

Common misconceptions include beliefs that the program offers credit cards, provides cash in large sums without restrictions. The cards will solely be used to purchase food and or baby supplies. Mamelak reiterated “all families involved will be required to sign an affidavit affirming that they will be using these cards for the intended purposes, and anyone who violates the terms risks being removed from the pilot program.”l

For more information, visit www.docu.ny/mocard

USCIS Strengthens T N onimmigrant Visa Program and Protections for Trafficking Victims

WASHINGTON, DC: The Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services announced a final rule to strengthen the integrity of the T nonimmigrant status (T visa) and ensure eligible victims of human trafficking can access protections and stabilizing benefits on a timely manner. T nonimmigrant status enables certain victims of human trafficking to remain in the United States for an initial period of up to four years.

“We are dedicated to protecting victims of human trafficking and minimizing any potential barriers to assistance,” said USCIS Director Ur M. Jaddou. “This final rule has been many years in the making, and I am thrilled the T visa program now has a firm regulatory framework to support it. Ultimately, this makes our approach more victim-centered and strengthens the integrity of the T visa application process so the program better protects victims, as Congress intended.”

Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons, is a crime in which traffickers use force, fraud, or coercion to compel individuals to provide labor or services, including commercial sex. Traffickers often take advantage of vulnerable individuals, including those lacking lawful immigration status. In some cases, people who are smuggled into the United States may become victims of human trafficking or exploitation during their journeys or upon reaching their destination. DHS is committed to protecting communities from an increased threat of human trafficking through strong border enforcement and enhanced consequences for those who do not avail themselves to the many expanded lawful pathways.

T nonimmigrant status offers protection to victims and strengthens the ability of law enforcement agencies to detect, investigate, and prosecute human trafficking. This final rule clarifies T nonimmigrant status eligibility and application requirements and includes provisions to reduce potential barriers to victims and enable USCIS officers to adjudicate victims’ applications more efficiently. The final rule also improves the program’s integrity by clarifying the reporting and evidentiary requirements for victims of trafficking, which will better help law enforcement act on reports of trafficking.

Key elements of the final rule include:

•Updating and clarifying definitions –including serious harm, abuse, and law enforcement agency – to ensure consistency and standards as described in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, as amended;

I•mproving program efficiency by clarifying reporting and evidentiary requirements on the outset to decrease requests for additional evidence;

•Streamlining law enforcement agencies’ ability to act on reports of trafficking by

“We

requiring victims to report instances of trafficking to the correct law enforcement of jurisdiction; and

•Simplifying the bona fide determination and adjudication process, while continuing to uphold fraud prevention measures. In 2016, DHS published an interim rule to respond to public feedback on the T visa program, clarify requirements based

on statutory changes, formalize the experience gained from operating the program for more than 14 years, and amend provisions as required by intervening legislation. In July 2021, DHS reopened the public comment period for this interim rule for 30 days and subsequently extended the deadline for comments. This final rule adopts the changes in effect from the

2016 interim rule, clarifies the existing regulatory framework, and substantively addresses the public comments received. DHS is on the frontlines of combating human trafficking, protecting the country and collaborating with our partners to stop these crimes. Launched in 2020, the DHS Center for Countering Human Trafficking coordinates the efforts of 16 DHS offices and components to combat human trafficking through law enforcement operations, victim protection and support, intelligence and analysis, and public education and training programs. Through the Blue Campaign, the DHS Center for Countering Human Trafficking leads the Department’s national public awareness effort to combat human trafficking. DHS’s ongoing efforts to address online child sexual exploitation and abuse comes after the Department’s Quadrennial Homeland Security Review added combating crimes of exploitation and protecting victims as a sixth mission area in April 2023.l

Injured on the Job? Here Are 10 Things Not to Do When Dealing with the Insurance Adjuster

BY CHRIS TOBIAS

Getting injured on the job can be a distressing experience, and dealing with the workers’ compensation process can add further stress to an already challenging situation. One of the key players in this process is the insurance adjuster representing your employer’s workers’ comp insurer. Their job is to protect the insurance company’s interests, which often means minimizing the compensation you receive. To navigate this complex system effectively, avoiding certain pitfalls when interacting with the insurance adjuster is crucial. Whether or not you have legal representation, here are ten things you must not do when dealing with the insurance adjuster:

Admit Fault: One of the biggest mistakes you can make is admitting fault or accepting blame for your injury. Even if you believe you contributed to the accident somehow, only discuss this with the insurance adjuster once you’ve sought legal advice.

Provide a Recorded Statement Without Legal Counsel: Insurance

adjusters may request recorded statements to use against you later in the process. Only provide recorded statements with the guidance of an experienced attorney who can help protect your rights.

Sign Anything Without

Understanding: Never sign any documents or agreements without fully understanding their implications. Insurance companies may try to get you to sign away your rights or accept a lower settlement than you deserve.

Exaggerate or Minimize Your Injuries: It’s essential to be honest about the extent of your injuries. Exaggerating or minimizing them can damage your credibility and harm your case. Stick to the facts when describing your injuries to the insurance adjuster.

Miss Deadlines: Workers’ compensation claims have strict deadlines that must be adhered to. You must meet these deadlines to ensure your claim is processed and processed. Stay organized and ensure you submit all necessary paperwork on

time.

Ignore Medical Advice: Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding treatment and recovery. Ignoring medical advice or failing to attend appointments can raise doubts about the severity of your injuries and may jeopardize your claim.

Discuss Personal Matters: Keep the conversation focused on the details of your injury and the workers’ compensation claim. Avoid discussing personal matters or unrelated issues with the insurance adjuster, as these conversations could be used against you.

Accept the Initial Offer Without Review: Insurance companies often make lowball settlement offers, hoping you’ll accept them without question. Always consult a knowledgeable attorney before accepting any settlement offer to ensure it adequately compensates you for your losses.

Engage in Hostility or Confrontation:

While it’s understandable to feel frustrated or angry during the claims process,

engaging in hostility or confrontation with the insurance adjuster can harm your case. Remain calm, professional, and focused on achieving a fair outcome.

Navigate the Process Alone: Perhaps the most critical mistake you can make is attempting to navigate the workers’ compensation process alone. An experienced attorney can provide invaluable guidance, protect your rights, and advocate for the maximum compensation you deserve.

Legal Guidance

By avoiding these common pitfalls and seeking legal representation when necessary, you can improve your chances of securing fair compensation for workplace injuries. Reach out to a qualified attorney for assistance in navigating this complex legal process. Contact the experienced Personal Injury Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates. We will go after the maximum settlement for you! No settlement no fee! Call 855-768-8845 or visit www.askthe lawyer.us to schedule a consultation today! l

HOW TO GET A GREEN CARD

800,000 Work Permits/ continued from page 1

$3.1 billion in employment taxes during a five-year period.

Recently, USCIS has made progress in reducing its work permit processing delays. In November 2022, the average wait time for requests for employment authorization documents (EADs) was nearly nine months, but that was reduced to just under four months as of February 2024. Major cities struggling for months to provide resources to large numbers of newly arrived migrants have seen the fruits of the federal government’s labor as migrants are getting their initial work permits more quickly.

Nevertheless, these figures don’t tell the whole story as disparities in processing between initial and renewal EAD requests have only widened.

For the past few years, overall work permit requests have been rising. For example, fiscal year (FY) 2021 saw a 21% increase in EAD applications from the previous year. This growth in workload, in combination with fiscal and personnel constraints, led USCIS to issue its first temporary rule focused on addressing its backlog of pending work permit renewal requests. Between May 4, 2022, and October 26, 2023, EADs in this backlog were automatically extended for an additional 360 days beyond the regu-

latory 180-day period (for a total of 540 days) whenever anyone filed a renewal request.

During the same time, in part because of a lawsuit filed by the American Immigration Council and its partners, USCIS has been required to devote significant resources to decreasing its wait times for initial EADs filed by asylum applicants. Before the lawsuit, USCIS consistently failed to meet its regulatory requirement to process them within 30 days. As of December 2023, USCIS has processed 93% of these EADs within the required time.

In October 2023, the temporary rule extending renewed work permits expired, despite warnings to USCIS from local officials and members of Congress that an extension was needed to protect immigrant workers and their employers.

Nearly six months after, USCIS has reissued the rule as EAD filings haven’t slowed. In FY 2023, the agency received 50% more EAD requests than in FY 2022, including a 77% increase in initial work permit applications. The primary cause of this growth were increased work permit requests based on pending asylum applications, Temporary Protected Status (TPS), and parole.

In addition, USCIS’ resources have been spread thin by other events beyond its control, including having to process a record number of credible fear claims

made by migrants detained at the border and the adjudication of more TPS applications. Currently, 16 countries have a TPS designation, five of which were newly designated between FY 2022 and FY 2023.

As a result, USCIS’ processing times for EAD renewals have slipped. In February 2024, 80% of asylum applicants’ work permit renewal requests were processed within an alarmingly high 16 months. Processing times for work permits based on pending green card applications, approved TPS, suspension of deportation, and withholding of removal

were also beyond the regulatory 180-day automatic extension period.

The new rule will apply to all renewal EAD requests. This will provide USCIS flexibility as it expects work permit applications to grow by nearly 1 million between FY 2023 and FY 2024. To be considered for the automatic 540-day extension, EAD renewal applications must be properly filed on or after October 27, 2023, and on or before September 30, 2025.

This rule is among several work permit-related policy changes USCIS has made to get EADs to workers faster. USCIS has also requested additional funding from Congress to address processing backlogs and to resource some of its unfunded asylum-related services. Last month, Congress provided USCIS $68 million in backlog reduction funding for FY 2024, far below the $264 million sought by the agency.

While USCIS continues to search for efficiencies and other policy fixes to get otherwise employment-eligible immigrants to work, there’s no doubt that more must be done. As part of the new rule, the agency is seeking comments about EAD renewal processing generally, including whether the rule should be made permanent and whether other solutions could mitigate the risks related to expiring employment authorizations. Comments are due by June 7, 2024. l

FY 2024 Government Funding Package Is a Mixed-Bag on Immigration

BY ADRIEL OROZCO

President Biden signed the final 6bill “minibus” funding package for fiscal year (FY) 2024 on March 23, which includes funding for the agencies that implement our immigration laws. This was the culmination of months of negotiations mired by attempts to insert restrictive border and immigration policy changes into the budget. While the compromise package doesn’t include these policy changes, it does provide large increases in enforcement and detention funding. However, it also includes modest but meaningful items related to legal immigration policy, backlog reduction, and transparency.

Increased Detention and Border Enforcement Funding

For the past several months, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has operated on the prior year’s funding levels due to an impasse within the House of Representatives on how to fund the federal government. This is despite increased numbers of migrants presenting themselves at the border and

growing asylum case backlogs at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and the immigration courts. In February, it also became public that Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) was experiencing a $700 million shortfall and it was proposing to reduce the number of immigrants detained as a result.

Just days before the deadline to avert a partial government shutdown, House Republican leadership and White House negotiators agreed on a full-year funding package for DHS, which raised the agency’s budget by nearly $4 billion.

U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) received a substantial boost, including funding to hire just over 2,000 more border agents. Border Patrol has struggled to hire agents under previous funding increases and most recently added a $20,000 bonus to attract new recruits. The funding agreement also includes an additional 150 CBP officers to staff ports of entry, as well as $1.7 billion for “border management.” This will include the construction of new holding facilities for migrants at the border and transportation of migrants from one

detention center to another. ICE will also see its budget expand, including a significant increase to detention funding that permits the agency to detain 41,500 people at any given time, a 24% rise over its current detention-bed capacity and one of the largest amounts of funding ever appropriated for detention. There is also a $300 million increase in the agency’s budget for removal operations, which may permit ICE to expand deportations above their current levels.

The agency’s Alternatives to Detention

(ATD) program will increase from about $443 million to $470 million. ATD programs use phone applications, ankle monitors, and, most recently, smartwatches to monitor migrants in removal proceedings who are not in detention. According to TRAC, there were 184,038 families and individuals in these programs as of March 9, 2024. This increase comes months after the federal government expanded the Family Expedited Removal Management (FERM) program nationwide last year, which combines the GPS monitoring of heads of household and curfews with a fast-track asylum process.

The compromise appropriations bill also continues to fund the Case Management Pilot Program (CMPP), which uses social services—without GPS surveillance—to support migrants in their immigration process. CMPP, which is limited to a handful of cities, received $15 million dollars, a decrease of $5 million from last year’s levels.

While original DHS appropriations bill passed by the House aimed to eliminate the Shelter and Services Program, which funds nonprofits and localities providing welcoming services to recently arrived migrants, the enacted bill appropriated $650 million for it. The FY 2024 funding level represents about a 20% drop from last year’s level. Though its inclusion is a positive move for cities and nonprofits supporting migrants, this number is far below the amount needed to effectively support receiving communities.

To put this number in perspective, President Biden’s emergency supplemental request in October 2023 and the Senate’s bipartisan border deal from earlier this year both would have allocated $1.4 billion for this program.

Legal Immigration Policies and Transparency

The FY 2024 funding package also includes some meaningful items regarding legal immigration, backlog reduction, and transparency. For example, the State Department’s appropriations bill includes additional Special Immigrant Visas (SIV) to resettle Afghan nationals who supported U.S. military efforts in Afghanistan. The SIV program was previously limited to 38,500 visas but, as of March 1, there

BIDEN ADMINISTRATION

were only 7,000 available. A bipartisan group of senators advocated for an additional 20,000 to meet the current needs of the program. Negotiators ultimately settled on 12,000. However, the FY 2024 budget’s joint explanatory statement directs the State Department to draft a plan by September 2024 to wind down the SIV program, which must include a timeline and cost estimate related to closing it out.

Other visa relief was included in the DHS bill too. As has been done since 2016 under similar provisions, the DHS secretary is able to exempt a certain number of “returning workers” from the H-2B visa cap. Currently, that visa, which allows temporary non-agricultural workers to work for employers in areas with a labor shortage, has a 66,000 statutory limit.

for all USCIS form types, which it currently only does for certain forms. This additional information will help promote transparency and allow for a quicker identification of growing backlogs.

The bill also seeks more transparency about the numbers of individuals paroled into the United States, including the reasons parole was granted. DHS will be required to coordinate with its subagencies (USCIS, ICE and CBP) to obtain this information. In addition, DHS must also publicly post new detention-related information, such as the agency’s total detention capacity and usage rates during the previous month. Though some of this data is already published by DHS’ subagencies, it appears that these initiatives are meant to fill in gaps while consolidating existing efforts.

modest increase in USCIS backlog reduction funding. For example, USCIS will get $34 million to address the work permit backlog, which currently has more than 423,000 initial work permits and more than 223,000 work permit renewal applications pending for more than six months. The provision also provides $34 million to USCIS to process asylum applications, of which there are nearly 1,580,000 pending as of January 2024.

Unfortunately, the bill does not provide any other funding to the agency, which recently had to increase fees on many immigration benefits to cover its operation costs.

What’s

Next?

The FY 2024 appropriations cycle is finally over. While it presented an opportunity for members of Congress to grapple with the serious resource needs of our legal immigration system, the final compromise legislation continues to disproportionately fund aggressive enforcement and deterrence-based policies while continuing to underfund processing and adjudications capacity. Nevertheless, as Congress shifts its focus to planning for FY 2025, the appropriations bill gives some glimmer of hope that compromise is still possible even in the politically charged realm of immigration.l Mixed-Bag on Immigration / continued from page 12

DHS will also be required to publish more information about its pending applications. Though USCIS currently provides publicly available data on all its forms, it doesn’t have an interactive dashboard like ICE and CBP. Currently, the agency publishes this information in a spreadsheet format on a quarterly basis for most forms, although not all. USCIS will also have to include the number of forms pending for more than six months

Backlog Reduction Funding

The DHS appropriations bill provides a

Building the Path to Financial Independence: Key Aspects and Habits

BY CHRIS TOBIAS

April is designated as Financial Literacy Month. And financial literacy is the knowledge to of how to make smart decisions with money. Many aspire to financial independence, yet it requires planning, discipline, and commitment. It’s more than just accumulating wealth; it’s about attaining the freedom to live on your own terms without financial constraints. This article will explore the key aspects and habits necessary to achieve financial independence.

Establish Clear Financial Goals

The journey towards financial independence begins with setting clear and realistic goals. Whether paying off debt, saving for retirement, or investing in assets, having specific objectives provides direction and motivation. These goals should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound) to ensure clarity and accountability.

Create and Stick to a Budget

A budget is a fundamental tool for man-

aging finances effectively. It helps track income, expenses, and savings, enabling individuals to prioritize spending and identify areas for adjustments. By living within their means and avoiding unnecessary costs, individuals can allocate more resources towards savings and investments, accelerating their paths toward financial independence.

Build Emergency Savings

Financial stability is crucial for weathering unexpected expenses or income disruptions. Establishing an emergency fund with three to six months’ living expenses provides a safety net during challenging times, reducing the need for credit cards or loans. This reserve offers peace of mind and prevents setbacks on the journey towards financial independence.

Manage Debt Wisely

Debt can be a significant obstacle to financial independence, draining resources through interest payments and limiting future financial flexibility. Prioritize paying off high-interest debt, such as credit card balances, while considering strategies to consolidate or refi-

nance loans to lower interest rates. Adopting a disciplined approach to debt management accelerates progress towards financial freedom.

Invest for the Future

Investing plays a pivotal role in building wealth and achieving long-term financial independence. Whether through stocks, bonds, real estate, or other assets, investing allows individuals to grow their money over time and generate passive income streams. Developing a diversi-

fied investment portfolio aligned with risk tolerance, financial goals, and time horizon is essential while regularly reviewing and adjusting investment strategies as needed.

Continuously Educate Yourself

Financial literacy is the foundation of sound financial decision-making. Take the time to educate yourself about personal finance topics such as budgeting, investing, taxes, and retirement planning. Utilize resources such as books, online courses, financial advisors, and reputable websites to deepen your understanding and stay informed about evolving financial trends and strategies.

Discipline and Patience

Achieving financial independence requires discipline and patience. It involves making sacrifices and delaying gratification in the short term for longterm financial security and freedom. Stay focused on your goals, resist impulsive spending, and remain committed to your financial plan even during challenging times. Remember that building wealth is a gradual process that requires perseverance and resilience.

Regularly Review and Adjust

Financial circumstances and goals may evolve, requiring adjustments to your financial plan. Regularly review your budget, investment portfolio, and progress towards goals to ensure alignment with current priorities and objectives. Be open to modifying strategies, reallocating resources, and seeking professional guidance to optimize your path towards financial independence.

Finally, building a path to financial independence is a journey that demands dedication, discipline, and informed decision-making. By establishing clear goals, managing finances prudently, investing wisely, and continuously educating oneself, individuals can take control of their financial future and create the freedom to pursue their dreams. Cultivating key habits and embracing a long-term perspective are essential steps toward achieving financial independence and unlocking a life of abundance and fulfillment.l

Data Snapshot: Middle Eastern and North African Immigrants

BY ROBIN LUNDH

The White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) recently announced its revision of the race and ethnicity question on federal surveys, including the U.S. census, adding “Middle Eastern or North African (MENA)” as a new category. This welcoming news came ahead of the Arab American Heritage Month in April.

“These revisions will enhance our ability to compare information and data across federal agencies, and also to understand how well federal programs serve a diverse America,” said Karin Orvis, OMB’s chief statistician. People of MENA origins have been historically overlooked and underrepresented in government data. This new response option in federal surveys will help federal agencies collect more accurate information about this large community, including MENA immigrants.

As of now, one of the most accurate ways to identify the MENA population in census data is through looking at the country of origin of the immigrant population. This, of course, means that we are undercounting MENA data, as those that identify as such but are not first-generation immigrants cannot be identified in the data.

In 2022, 1.7 million Middle Eastern or North African immigrants lived in the United States. These immigrants came from the countries between Morocco in the west to Iran in the east, including the entire Arabian Peninsula.

The top countries of origin for MENA immigrants were Iran (23.6%), Egypt (13.4%), and Iraq (12.7%). Among recent immigrants, who migrated to the United States between 2017 and 2022 and made up 15.7% of all MENA immigrants, the top countries of origin were Saudia Arabia (42.2%), United Arab Emirates (34.9%), and Kuwait (24.0%).

California continues to be a hub for the MENA immigrant population, where 440,000 people represent over a quarter of the country’s total MENA immigrant population, followed by four other states with significant shares of the MENA population: New York (8.2%), Michigan (7.7%), Texas (7.2%), and Florida (6.0%).

MENA immigrants boast impressive educational attainment, with over half (52.4%) holding at least a bachelor’s degree, and nearly a quarter (24.0%) holding an advanced degree. This is significantly higher than all immigrants (34.7% and 15.6%) and the U.S.-born population (35.9% and 13.8%).

MENA immigrants are also more likely to be working-age, with 75.4% of them being between 16–64 years old, while only 61.3% of U.S.-born are of the same age.

MENA immigrants’ contributions to the workforce tells us a more nuanced story than educational attainment. MENA immigrants play a significant role in a wide range of occupations from physicians to truck drivers.

Entrepreneurship is also flourishing within the MENA community. MENA immigrants are more than twice as likely as the U.S.-born residents to be entrepreneurs: 9.8% of MENA immigrants are selfemployed, compared to 4.4% of the U.S.born.

MENA immigrants have a substantial impact to the U.S. economy, with MENA immigrant households having a combined household income of $92.0 billion, paying $17.9 billion in federal taxes and $8.3 billion in state and local taxes, leaving them with $65.8 billion in spending power.

It is worth noting, however, that there is economic diversity within the MENA community, as evident by the varying median incomes. The median income for immigrants from the United Arab Emirates and Israel/Palestine is $128k and $113k respectively, while the median income for

immigrants from Algeria and Yemen is $55k and $45k. Another way to look at it is that while 13.8% (almost 4% higher than the U.S.-born population) of MENA immigrants are at the top of the country’s income distribution––the 90th income percentile––16.8% live below or at the federal poverty line.

While 70% of MENA immigrants have become naturalized citizens, with the upcoming election, it is important to understand the voting power of MENA immigrants. The 329,000 MENA immigrants in California that are eligible to vote make up 1.3% of eligible voters in the state. MENA immigrants made up 1.1% of eligible voters in Michigan and 0.8% in New Jersey.

Though representing a smaller segment of the immigrant population, MENA immigrants are gradually expanding in number and influence, emphasizing the need for continued support and inclusivity. This month we take the opportunity to recognize not only the impact of the MENA population, but also their diversity, and the necessary work to ensure that immigrants from all over have the opportunities they deserve for building a future in the United States.l

Nearsightedness is at Epidemic Levels –and the Problem Begins in Childhood

BY ANDREW HERBERT THE CONVERSATION

Myopia, or the need for corrected vision to focus or see objects at a distance, has become a lot more common in recent decades. Some even consider myopia, also known as nearsightedness, an epidemic.

Optometry researchers estimate that about half of the global population will need corrective lenses to offset myopia by 2050 if current rates continue – up from 23% in 2000 and less than 10% in some countries.

The associated health care costs are huge. In the United States alone, spending on corrective lenses, eye tests and related expenses may be as high as US$7.2 billion a year.

What explains the rapid growth in myopia?

I’m a vision scientist who has studied visual perception and perceptual defects. To answer that question, first let’s examine what causes myopia – and what reduces it.

How myopia develops

While having two myopic parents does mean you’re more likely to be nearsighted, there’s no single myopia gene. That means the causes of myopia are more behavioral than genetic.

Optometrists have learned a great deal about the progression of myopia by studying visual development in infant chickens. They do so by putting little helmets on baby chickens. Lenses on the face of the helmet cover the chicks’ eyes and are adjusted to affect how much they see.

Just like in humans, if visual input is distorted, a chick’s eyes grow too large, resulting in myopia. And it’s progressive. Blur leads to eye growth, which causes more blur, which makes the eye grow even larger, and so on.

Two recent studies featuring extensive surveys of children and their parents provide strong support for the idea that an important driver of the uptick in myopia is that people are spending more time focusing on objects immediately in front of our eyes, whether a screen, a book or a drawing pad. The more time we spend focusing on something within arm’s

length of our faces, dubbed “near work,” the greater the odds of having myopia.

So as much as people might blame new technologies like smartphones and too much “screen time” for hurting our eyes, the truth is even activities as valuable as reading a good book can affect your eyesight.

Outside light keeps myopia at bay

Other research has shown that this unnatural eye growth can be interrupted by sunlight.

1970s as all children began attending schools for the first time.

DON’T BE SHY ABOUT TELLING PEOPLE NOT TO SMOKE AROUND YOUR KIDS.

A 2022 study, for example, found that myopia rates were more than four times greater for children who didn’t spend much time outdoors – say, once or twice a week – compared with those who were outside daily. At the same time, kids who spent more than three hours a day while not at school reading or looking at a screen close-up were four times more likely to have myopia than those who spent an hour or less doing so.

In another paper, from 2012, researchers conducted a meta-analysis of seven studies that compared duration of time spent outdoors with myopia incidence. They also found that more time spent outdoors was associated with lower myopia incidence and progression. The odds of developing myopia dropped by 2% for each hour spent outside per week.

Other researchers have reported similar effects and argued for much more time outdoors and changes in early-age schooling to reduce myopia prevalence.

What’s driving the epidemic

That still doesn’t explain why it’s on the rise so rapidly.

Globally, a big part of this is due to the rapid development and industrialization of countries in East Asia over the last 50 years. Around that time, young people began spending more time in classrooms reading and focusing on other objects very close to their eyes and less time outdoors.

This is also what researchers observed in the North American Arctic after World War II, when schooling was mandated for Indigenous people. Myopia rates for Inuit went from the single digits before the 1950s to upwards of 70% by the

Countries in Western Europe, North America and Australia have shown increased rates of myopia in recent years but nothing approaching what has been observed recently in China, Japan, Singapore and a few other East Asian countries. The two main factors identified as leading to increased myopia are increased reading and other activities that require focusing on an object close to one’s eyes and a reduction in time spent outdoors.

The surge in myopia cases will likely have its worst effects 40 or 50 years from now because it takes time for the young people being diagnosed with nearsightedness now to experience the most severe vision problems.

Treating myopia

Fortunately, just a few minutes a day with glasses or contact lenses that correct for blur stops the progression of myopia, which is why early vision testing and vision correction are important to limit the development of myopia. Eye checks for children are mandatory in some countries, such as the U.K. and now China, as well as most U.S. states.

People with with high myopia, however, have increased risk of blindness and other severe eye problems, such as retinal detachment, in which the retina pulls away from the the back of the eye. The chances of myopia-related macular degeneration increase by 40% for each diopter of myopia. A diopter is a unit of measurement used in eye prescriptions. But there appear to be two sure-fire ways to offset or delay these effects: Spend less time focusing on objects close to your face, like books and smartphones, and spend more time outside in the bright, natural light. Given the first one is difficult advice to take in our modern age, the next best thing is taking frequent breaks – or perhaps spend more time reading and scrolling outside in

Andrew Herbert is a Professor of Psychology, Visual Perception, Rochester Institute of Technology

Aden, Age 7

Jessica, His mother New York

5 Tips for Enhancing Communication in Romantic Relationships

BY MARY CAMPBELL

Communication is the cornerstone of any successful romantic relationship. It’s the bridge that connects partners, fosters understanding, and strengthens emotional bonds. Yet, effective communication doesn’t always come naturally. Many couples face challenges in expressing their needs, desires, and concerns in a way that promotes harmony and mutual growth. If you find that communication in your romantic relationship could improve, fret not. Here are five tips to help you enhance communication between you and your partner.

Practice Active Listening: One of the most crucial aspects of effective communication is listening. Too often, we’re preoccupied with formulating our response while our partner is speaking, leading to misunderstandings and missed opportunities for connection. Instead, practice active listening by giving your partner your full attention. Maintain eye contact, nod to show understanding, and refrain from interrupting. Reflect on what your partner has said to ensure you’ve understood correctly before offer-

ing your perspective. This simple yet powerful act demonstrates respect and validates your partner’s feelings, fostering a more profound sense of intimacy.

Express Yourself Honestly and Respectfully: Open, honest communication is the bedrock of trust in any relationship. Express your thoughts, feelings, and needs openly, with kindness and respect. Avoid blame or criticism; instead, use “I” statements to convey how you feel without putting your partner on the defensive. For example, say, “I feel hurt when…” instead of “You always…” By taking responsibility for your feelings and communicating them in a non-confrontational manner, you create a safe space for open dialogue and problem-solving.

Create Regular Communication Rituals: In the hustle and bustle of everyday life, it’s easy for communication to take a back seat. Make a conscious effort to prioritize communication by establishing regular rituals with your partner. Whether it’s a weekly check-in over dinner or a nightly debrief before bed, having dedicated time to connect and communicate can strengthen your bond and prevent issues from festering. Set aside distractions such as phones or TV and focus solely on each other during these moments. It’s a small investment that pays dividends in the health of your relationship.

Practice Empathy and Understanding: Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person’s feelings.

Cultivating empathy in your relationship fosters compassion, connection, and emotional intimacy. Put yourself in your partner’s shoes and strive to understand their perspective, even if you disagree. Validate their emotions and show empathy by acknowledging their experiences and offering support. This doesn’t mean you have to agree with everything your partner says, but it does mean approaching disagreements with empathy and a genuine desire to understand each other.

Seek

Professional

Help When Needed:

Despite our best efforts, communication breakdowns and conflicts may still arise in relationships. In such instances, seeking the guidance of a qualified couples therapist can be immensely beneficial. A therapist can provide a neutral and supportive environment for you and your partner to explore underlying issues, learn effective communication techniques, and develop healthy conflict-resolution skills. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if you feel stuck or overwhelmed in improving your communication as a couple.l

Immigrants Contribute Billions to Federal and State Taxes Each Year

BY STEVE HUBBARD

Without fail, each Tax Day a prevalent myth resurfaces that conceals the truth about immigrants’ contributions to federal, state, and local taxes. Bolstered by social media and other outlets, it misleadingly asserts that immigrants, particularly those who are undocumented, evade taxes. The facts don’t back up these claims.

Immigrants, including undocumented immigrants, pay taxes. Our analysis of the 2022 American Community Survey (ACS) found that immigrants in the United States have a combined household income of $2.1 trillion and contribute $382.9 billion to federal taxes and $196.3 billion in state and local taxes, leaving them with $1.6 trillion in spending power.

Our findings underscore the fact that immigrants have significant economic influence, helping to support local communities not only as consumers but also as taxpayers. Like all U.S. residents, immigrants do use public services, such as education, healthcare, and public safety.

But the economic contributions of

immigrants far exceed the costs of those additional public services. A 2023 CATO study found that first-generation immigrants contributed an average of $16,207 per capita to the economy in 2018 yet cost an average of just $11,361. This resulted in a net fiscal benefit of $4,846 per immigrant in 2012 dollars.

Undocumented immigrants in the U.S. contribute to the tax system through sales, income, and property taxes, often using Individual Tax Identification Numbers (ITINs) to file income tax returns. In 2022, undocumented immigrants had a combined household income of $290.0 billion and paid $21.5 billion in federal taxes and $13.6 billion in state and local taxes. Their combined spending power

was $254.8 billion. Despite their substantial contributions, many do not qualify for the benefits their taxes support, such as social security and Medicare benefits or the Earned Income Tax Credit.

Taxes paid by undocumented immigrants also help pay for public higher education, yet undocumented immigrants are also often unable to reap the benefits through in-state tuition options. An analysis of the Higher Education Immigration Portal developed by the Presidents’ Alliance on Higher Education and Immigration, revealed that 26 states do not provide in-state tuition to undocumented residents.

As we move through another tax season, addressing and dispelling the widespread

misconceptions about immigrants and their tax contributions is crucial. The facts are undeniable: immigrants, including those who are undocumented, not only meet their tax obligations but also significantly enhance our economy through their contributions. Their collective household income leads to considerable federal and state tax payments, making a profound economic impact. Moreover, their spending power, running into trillions, highlights their indispensable role as consumers, and effective taxpayers, in our communities.

Yet despite their notable contributions many immigrants, especially those who are undocumented, face a challenging contradiction. They contribute to services through their taxes yet remain ineligible to access several services. This situation lays the groundwork for a deeper conversation on fairness and community support. In addressing key immigration issues, our discussions and decisions must be founded on fact. This approach ensures that every member of our society is appropriately recognized for their contributions.l

Read more at www.311immigration.com