The Immigrants Journal- Vol 216

BY JANET HOWARD

On January 20, 2025, shortly after taking office, President Donald Trump wasted no time in addressing what he called the "immigration crisis" at the U.S.-Mexico border. In a series of executive orders and proclamations, the Trump administration sought to implement sweeping changes to the nation's immigration enforcement practices. Notably, one of the most controversial actions was the realignment of U.S. Immigration and

Customs Enforcement (ICE) policies, particularly regarding the parole of noncitizens detained in immigration proceedings. These changes have had significant implications for both immigration policy and the rights of noncitizens in detention. Still, ICE has faced criticism for not publishing clear policies to implement these directives. This article delves into the details of these changes, the legal challenges, and their broader impact on the U.S. immigration system.

BY BRIAN FIGEROUX, ESQ.

In a deeply concerning development, the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) has begun distributing flyers entitled “Message to Illegal Aliens: A Warning to Self-Deport.” These documents, which bear the Department of Justice (DOJ) seal, are being circulated in immigration courts, included in official court communications, and even uploaded into respondents’ case files. While they appear to be authoritative, these flyers contain legally inaccurate

and dangerously misleading information that undermines the integrity of our immigration courts and places vulnerable individuals at serious risk.

The American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) and the Immigration Justice Campaign (IJC) have sounded the alarm, calling on EOIR to immediately halt the distribution of these flyers. Their concerns are grave and substantiated: the flyers distort the law, omit critical legal consequences, and violate the ethical

Editorial credit: William Ruben Helms / Shutterstock.com

Immigrant Advocates Rally for New York For All, Share How ICE is Terrorizing Their Communities

Albany, NY: On June 5, the New York Immigration Coalition (NYIC), member organizations, immigrant New Yorkers, elected officials, and allies rallied at the New York State Capitol to call for the urgent passage of the New York For All Act (A3506/S2235) during this Legislative Session.

The New York for All Act is landmark legislation that would prohibit state and local government agencies – including law enforcement – from colluding with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), sharing sensitive personal information, or allocating personnel and resources to aid in federal immigration enforcement efforts. By reinforcing the separation between local governance and federal immigration policy, the bill ensures that all New Yorkers, regardless of immigration status, can access public services, care for their families, and participate in community life without fear. Additionally, the legislation preserves critical state and local resources for their intended use within New York’s diverse communities and blocks the use of taxpayer dollars to sup-

port a punitive, politically-driven immigration agenda.

The New York For All Act would be critical for maintaining public safety. When neighborhoods fear contact with law enforcement, crimes go unreported and actual criminals operate with impunity. New York For All would restore that essential trust by creating clear boundaries between local authorities and federal immigration enforcement, so that police could focus on their primary mission of keeping communities safe, rather than serving as immigration agents.

“As we quickly approach the end of the legislative session, we demand that our elected officials take urgent action to protect our immigrant neighbors and community members from ICE. We demand that New York State not be complicit in Trump's campaign of terror against our communities as ICE seizes our neighbors at court hearings, dropping their kids off at school, at their places of work or driving to a doctors office – separating families, gutting our communities, and damaging our economy. Our communities can not wait any longer for action from

Albany. Now is the time to pass New York For All,” said Murad Awawdeh, CEO and President, New York Immigration Coalition.

“I’ve worked with our Common Council and partners across the state to turn our values into lasting policy. It’s time for the New York State Legislature and Governor to do the same by passing New York for All,” said Mayor of Hudson New York Kamal Johnson.

I have witnessed first hand collusion between local and state law enforcement and ICE: New York State Troopers calling ICE on a victim of domestic violence; troopers, the DMV and Albany County Sheriffs and Cohoes Police Department setting up a seatbelt checkpoint with ICE in Cohoes just weeks ago; and myself being pulled over multiple times by ICE and local law enforcement without reason or charge. These rampant attacks on the lives and rights of our community must end. The legislature and governor has the power to stop this and choosing not to do so is an active chose to continue being complicit in Trump’s anti-immigrant agenda,” said Bryan MacCormack, Co-Executive Director, Columbia County Sanctuary Movement.

than I am. He posed no threat to the community, and he was taken from us in a callous and dehumanizing way. In solidarity with Dylan and to ensure that our communities across the state are protected, I’m urging the legislature to do the right thing and pass the New York for All bill now,” said Jax, High School Senior, Make the Road New York.

“We are a week out from the end of the legislative session and the legislature continues to sit idly by while New York immigrant communities are drowning under the cruelty of the Trump administration—we need them to take action NOW. ICE entanglement with state and local agencies enables the separation of families, irreparably harming our communities for generations to come. New York must stop being complicit - whether by colluding with ICE for all to see or by doing it behind closed doors, like New Yorkers who are funneled from state prison sentences to ICE, in an act of cruel double punishment. The legislature must intervene now by passing NY4All to protect New York families, anything less would be a failure,” said Linda Flor Brito, Senior Policy and Campaigns Organizer, Immigrant Defense Project.

“After seeing how ICE is treating and threatening our communities, my neighbors, my loved ones, my classmates, they are all sharing their fears of being ripped away from their homes and schools. Some of my classmates don't come to school anymore because they fear being deported. We all have heard about the case of Dylan, the Bronx student, who was detained when going to his check-in with ICE. He’s a student, a member of his community, and only two years older

“State lawmakers can’t just do nothing as the Trump administration wreaks havoc on New York’s immigrant communities — they must pass the New York For All Act now. Between raiding workplaces, detaining children, and busting down people’s doors without a warrant, this anti-immigrant administration is hellbent on terrorizing New York’s immigrant communities. New Yorkers deserve to feel safe and protected — not watch the very people who are elected to keep them safe prioritize political interests over their wellbeing,” said Zach Ahmad, Senior Policy Counsel, New York Civil Liberties Union.

“With only one week left in the legislative session, New York cannot delay passage of the New for All Act to defend immigrant communities against federal attacks. President Trump’s mass antiimmigrant agenda is tearing families and communities apart as his administration increasingly detains and deports people in violation of their rights. New York for All prevents our state’s resources from supporting these cruel policies and instead ensures that families remain together, communities continue to grow, and everyone is safer. The legislature must act now and pass New York for All,” said Rosie Wang, Program Manager for the Advancing Universal Representation initiative, Vera Institute of Justice. l

Photo courtesy: NYIC

The Key Immigration Policy Question Should Be Isn’t There a Better Way?

BY AMERICA’S VOICE

A19-year-old college scholarship recipient, thriving in a Georgia town since age 4, now facing deportation and life away from her younger sisters who are U.S. citizens. A Massachusetts family traumatized on Mother’s Day, as ICE agents shatter a car window to pull the father from their vehicle after leaving church. Restaurants in Washington, DC worried in the aftermath of immigration raids that worker shortages will force them to close down. Florida builders and contractors projecting higher costs and fewer employees in the construction industry. Uncertain dairy farmers in South Dakota and Wisconsin, a sluggish citrus harvest in California’s Central Valley, and anxious home health and caregiving employers across America. So many industries heavily built by and reliant on immigrant workers – and so many families who are immigrants or whose loved ones are immigrants –are now worried about their futures in Donald Trump’s America.

Watching the sheer volume of this cruelty and chaos and seeing the mounting costs to American communities and our economy, I ask myself: “Isn’t there a better way?”

Many of those being caught up in the deportation dragnet are the exact types of individuals who should have the opportunity to become legal workers and eventually U.S. citizens. As one worried coffee grower in Hawaii put it, “These are good, hard workers.. The government should make it easier for these people to come here and work.

I agree. And so does the majority of the American people. We’re only four months into Trump’s second term, yet the public already is recoiling from his mass deportation agenda. As my organization, America’s Voice, recently detailed in a memo synthesizing the latest immigration polling and implications, President Trump is now underwater on his immigration approval –with more Americans disapproving than approving.

But when you dig deeper, the numbers get even worse for the president on what was supposedly one of his strongest issues. Trump’s mass deportation agenda becomes wildly unpopular when details

are included about who is being targeted and the scope of Trump’s enforcement. And when offered the choice in polling, a strong majority of the American public prefers a balanced approach to immigration, pairing border security, targeted enforcement, and a path to legal status, instead of Trump’s vision.

Americans want things fixed, not destroyed – that includes the broken immigration system that has been desperate for an overhaul for decades. And now there’s a growing conversation oriented around the fact that Trump’s overreach and ugliness are moving us in the wrong direction on immigration, away from the real solutions America needs.

And the solutions in my view, look a lot like Senator Ruben Gallego’s recent reform framework, centered on maintaining order at our southern border, reforming the asylum system, addressing root causes of migration, creating a pathway to citizenship for Dreamers and longterm undocumented residents, and expanding legal immigration pathways to strengthen our economy and level the playing field for American workers. While details do matter, I appreciate his leaning in and charting a direction for real solutions grounded in America’s needs and values.

Senator Gallego is not alone in refocusing attention on solutions as the backlash to Trump’s mass deportation dragnet grows. Three Republican House Members recently joined with three Democratic colleagues to reintroduce the “Farm Workforce Modernization Act,” which would stabilize the industry for both farms and farmworkers and include both reforms to the H-2A program and a

program for certain agricultural workers to earn legal status. The George W. Bush Center released a policy blueprint making the case that enforcement alone won’t fix our broken immigration system and emphasizing immigration as an essential tool to ensure America’s competitiveness and to sustain our future labor force. And the bipartisan FWD.us organization is among the growing number of policy organizations laying out a new vision for immigration reform, including for border security and regional migration.

Important policy details aside, there’s a key question that should anchor much of our conversation about immigration in America. Is it better for our nation to follow the Trump vision that seeks to seal our borders, criminalize immigrants, slash legal immigration, and seek to deport as many immigrants as possible, including deeply rooted immigrants? Or is it better to seek a different vision, which involves a secure and orderly border, where we know who’s arriving and why; a resourced, fair and efficient asylum system; legal immigration channels to sustain our economy; targeted enforcement against public safety threats; and a path to legal status for long-residing undocumented immigrants?

What’s at stake is not just a policy question. It’s the real lives of those being targeted by Trump’s overreach: the coffee growers and citrus workers; the cleaners and caregivers; the cancer researchers and construction crews; and the U.S. spouses and children of undocumented immigrants. Wouldn’t new legal pathways for these long-residing immigrants and dedicated workers – who have helped build and strengthen entire industries across the country – better advance our nation’s economic interests, security, and values rather than putting them into the detention and deportation pipeline?

Isn’t there a better way than what we are all witnessing? I say yes, and so do the vast majority of my fellow Americans. In the face of Trump’s selfdefeating and un-American attacks on our communities, let’s chart a new direction for real immigration solutions grounded in our values and interests.” l

Vanessa Cárdenas is the Executive Director of America’s Voice.

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Volunteering at THE IMMIGRANT'S JOURNAL LEGAL & EDUCATIONAL FUND, INC. Internship positions available throughout the year.

The Immigrant's Journal Legal & Educational Fund, Inc. is an organization dedicated to the educational and economic empowerment of all immigrants and immigrant organizations here in the United States. We at the Journal recognize the enormous contribution of immigrants to this country economically, socially and politically. Since September 11, 2001, however, immigrants have increasingly been discriminated against and Congress has passed legislation curtailing the rights of immigrants here in the U.S., broadly claiming that immigrants are a threat to ''National Security.'' We at the Journal believe that these charges are unfounded, unsubstantiated and exaggerated. The Immigrant's Journal Volunteer Intern Program was introduced to give our volunteers the opportunity to work in an immigrant friendly environment while developing the necessary skills for college or law school. They assist our staff in resolving immigration and other legal concerns through personal interviews, radio, email and telephone contact. They also assist the public with citizenship applications and in researching whether or not children of naturalized U.S. citizens have derived citizenship from their parents. Some of our volunteers assist our legal staff by engaging in legal research and writing letters on other legal issues. Volunteer interns are also assigned various other jobs in our Youth Programs. Hours are flexible. Email your cover letter and resume or any questions to immjournal@aol.com

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HOW TO GET A GREEN CARD

Does an Annulment Prevent a Plaintiff or Defendant from Filing a VAWA Application for Immigration Relief?

BY BRIAN FIGEROUX, ESQ.

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) provides a pathway for survivors of domestic abuse to apply for immigration relief without relying on their abusive U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident (LPR) spouse, parent, or child. VAWA allows these individuals to self-petition for a green card if they can demonstrate they were subjected to battery or extreme cruelty.

However, many individuals seeking VAWA relief may have had their marriages annulled, either by their own action (as the plaintiff) or by their abuser (as the defendant). This raises an important legal question: Does an annulment prevent a person from filing a VAWA petition?

The answer depends on several factors, including the timing of the annulment, the reason for the annulment, and whether the marriage was legally valid before annulment. This article explores

these issues in depth.

Understanding the Legal Concepts: Annulment vs. Divorce

What Is an Annulment?

An annulment is a legal decree that declares a marriage void or voidable, meaning that in the eyes of the law, the marriage never existed or was never valid. Unlike a divorce, which ends a legally recognized marriage, an annulment treats the marriage as if it never occurred.

Common grounds for annulment include:

•Fraud or misrepresentation (e.g., one spouse lied about their identity, immigration status, or ability to have children).

•Bigamy (one spouse was already married).

•Lack of capacity (one spouse was underage, mentally incapacitated, or forced into the marriage).

•Failure to consummate the marriage due to physical or psychological reasons.

What Is a Divorce?

A divorce legally dissolves a valid marriage. After a divorce, the couple is no longer legally married, but their previous marriage remains recognized as legitimate for legal purposes.

Since VAWA requires proof of a qualifying marriage, the distinction between annulment and divorce is critical in determining eligibility for a self-petition.

How an Annulment Affects a VAWA Application

Because an annulment legally invalidates a marriage, it can create challenges for a VAWA self-petitioner.

1.Annulment May Eliminate a Qualifying Relationship

One of the primary requirements for a VAWA self-petition is that the applicant must have been legally married to the abusive U.S. citizen or LPR spouse.

•If the marriage is annulled, the law may treat it as though it never existed.

•As a result, USCIS may not recognize the petitioner as ever having been a "spouse" of the abuser.

Example: Maria, an immigrant, marries John, a U.S. citizen, who later abuses her. She seeks an annulment based on fraud because John concealed a previous marriage. Since the annulment retroactively invalidates the marriage, Maria may lose eligibility for a VAWA self-petition because, legally, she was never married to John.

2. USCIS May Consider the Intent of the Annulment

In some cases, USCIS may still consider an annulled marriage for VAWA purposes if it was entered into in good faith. If the self-petitioner can prove that:

•The marriage was legally valid at the time of abuse, and

•The annulment was sought due to circumstances beyond their control (such as fraud by the abuser), then USCIS may accept the relationship as valid for VAWA eligibility.

However, this is not guaranteed and often depends on how state law defines annulment. Some states provide limited recognition of annulled marriages for certain legal purposes, and USCIS may consider these exceptions on a case-bycase basis.

3. Timing of the Annulment Matters

The timing of the annulment can be crucial in determining VAWA eligibility:

•If the annulment occurs before the VAWA petition is filed, USCIS may refuse to recognize the marriage, making the self-petitioner ineligible.

•If the annulment occurs after the VAWA petition is filed, USCIS may still process the case, since the marriage was recognized at the time of filing.

Thus, filing a VAWA application before seeking an annulment may be a safer strategy.

How Being a Plaintiff or Defendant in an Annulment Affects VAWA Eligibility

1. If the Self-Petitioner Was the Plaintiff in the Annulment

If the self-petitioner initiated the annulment, they may face difficulties proving a qualifying relationship for VAWA. However, they might still be eligible if:

•The annulment was based on fraud committed by the abuser (e.g., the abuser concealed a prior marriage).

•The self-petitioner can show the marriage was entered into in good faith before discovering the fraud.

•They file the VAWA self-petition before the annulment is finalized.

2.If the Self-Petitioner Was the Defendant in the Annulment

If the abuser initiated the annulment, the self-petitioner may argue that:

•The annulment was coerced or manipulated by the abuser to avoid legal responsibility.

•The abuser weaponized the annulment to try and prevent them from seeking

Immigrants Drive NYC’s Economy Through Small Business Ownership and Skilled Trades

BY CHRIS TOBIAS

Immigrants have long been integral to New York City's economic vitality, particularly through their significant contributions to small business ownership and the skilled trades. In 2025, their impact remains profound, bolstering the city's economy and addressing critical labor shortages.

Immigrants as Pillars of Small Business Ownership

Immigrants demonstrate a remarkable entrepreneurial spirit in New York City. They are more than twice as likely as native-born residents to start their own businesses, comprising nearly half of the city's over 220,000 small businesses. These ventures span various sectors, including restaurants, retail shops, and service providers, often reflecting the diverse cultural backgrounds of their owners.

Street vending is a notable example of immigrant entrepreneurship.

Approximately 23,000 street vendors operate in the city, with nearly all being immigrants. These vendors offer afford-

able goods and services, contributing to the vibrancy of neighborhoods and providing accessible entry points into the economy for many newcomers.

The economic impact of immigrantowned businesses is substantial. In New York State, immigrant business owners account for 33.8% of all self-employed residents, contributing $7.2 billion in business income. These enterprises not only generate revenue but also create employment opportunities, reinforcing the city's economic fabric.

New York City's construction industry faces a significant labor shortage, with an estimated need for 454,000 new workers in 2025 to meet demand. Immigrants play a crucial role in filling this gap, constituting about 25% of the overall construction workforce and a third of craft workers . Their contributions are particularly vital in specialized trades. For instance, immigrants make up nearly 60% of plasterers and stucco masons, almost 50% of dry-

wall and ceiling tile installers, and over 40% of roofers and painters. This skilled labor is essential for maintaining and developing the city's infrastructure. However, policy changes pose challenges. Governor Kathy Hochul has expressed concerns that potential federal immigration crackdowns could lead to the deportation of approximately 470,100 undocumented workers in New York, many of whom are employed in construction and other critical sectors. Such actions could exacerbate labor shortages and disrupt ongoing projects.

Conclusion

Immigrants are indispensable to New York City's economic health, driving small business growth and sustaining essential industries through their participation in skilled trades. Their entrepreneurial endeavors and labor contributions not only enrich the city's cultural landscape but also address pressing economic needs. Recognizing and supporting the integral role of immigrants is crucial for the continued prosperity and resilience of New York City.l

Addressing Skilled Labor Shortages Through Immigrant Workforce

Editorial credit: IQ Inc

IMMIGRANTS’ CONCERNS 6

Misleading Self-Deportation/ continued from page 1

Annulment/ continued from page 4 obligation of immigration judges to remain impartial.

A Threat to Due Process and Judicial Ethics

EOIR’s inclusion of these flyers in court spaces and judicial communications implies an endorsement by the courts themselves. This directly conflicts with the ethical obligations of immigration judges under 5 C.F.R. § 2635.101(b)(8), which requires impartiality in the execution of official duties. Furthermore, under 8 C.F.R. § 1240.11, immigration judges are required to inform respondents of their potential eligibility for relief. By promoting self-deportation without proper legal context, EOIR may be coercing individuals into abandoning their rights without understanding the consequences.

Misleading and Dangerous Messaging

The flyers misleadingly present selfdeportation as a viable, even advisable, path forward. They suggest it might help future legal immigration efforts—an assertion that blatantly ignores the longterm legal penalties, including inadmissibility under INA §§ 212(a)(9)(A) and (B) and potential five-year bars resulting

from in absentia removal orders under INA § 212(a)(6)(B). Notably absent are explanations of respondents’ rights to appeal or seek legal counsel. This misrepresentation compromises individuals’ ability to make informed legal decisions and threatens their access to justice.

A Call for Congressional Oversight and Action

This issue is not just a legal technicality—it is a fundamental breach of justice that demands immediate Congressional intervention. We urge lawmakers to take the following actions:

•Demand EOIR immediately cease distribution and posting of the self-deportation flyers in all court-related settings.

•Require EOIR to publicly clarify that

these materials do not constitute legal advice.

•Instruct immigration judges and personnel to refrain from distributing or referencing these flyers in any official capacity.

•Mandate transparency by requiring EOIR to publish the legal basis for these flyers and enforce rigorous standards for any future communications.

The integrity of our immigration court system hinges on fairness, neutrality, and due process. Allowing misleading government-authored propaganda to infiltrate court proceedings is a betrayal of those principles. Congress must act swiftly to protect the rights of all who come before our immigration courts.l

Trump Chaos Continues: ICE Pause Highlights Unpopularity of Mass Deportation

Washington, DC: Following ICE raids on farms in California and Nebraska and restaurant raids in Washington, D.C. and Tennessee in recent weeks, the Trump Administration Friday announced it would “largely pause raids and arrests in the agricultural industry, hotels and restaurants,” per the New York Times.

Unsurprisingly, there already are questions about how real the supposed “pause” is, given the United Farm Workers’ assertion on Saturday that raids against their community continue and in light of President Trump’s Sunday social media post calling to expand detentions and deportations in Democratic-run cities (a Trump post perhaps related to frustration over the Americans who took to the streets in “No Kings” protests, including many immigrants and others animated by support for immigrant communities).

Yet the fact the Trump administration felt the need to announce the “pause” in the first place is, nonetheless, a notable admission about the reality of immigrants’ contributions to America and the shifting politics and public opinion of the issue.

According to Vanessa Cárdenas, Executive Director of America’s Voice:

“The public has caught onto Trump’s act on immigration and the public and political blowback is building. Look no

further than Trump saying he now wants to reverse course to stop deportation of farmworkers, restaurant and hospitality workers. Even if Stephen Miller gets his way and the supposed ‘pause’ isn’t real, the initial announcement from the Trump White House is a telling admission about the political and economic blowback of mass deportation.

Many GOP members are feeling the heat in their districts as entire industries are in jeopardy. Yet the solution can’t be simply fewer raids or delivering favors for key industry allies. What about Dreamers, like the University of Utah student Caroline Dias Goncalves who’s now held in a Colorado detention center as just the latest in a string of similar enforcement directed at young immi-

•The abuser weaponized the annulment to try and prevent them from seeking immigration relief.

•The annulment was based on false claims made by the abuser.

USCIS may take these factors into consideration when evaluating the self-petition.

Alternative Options for Immigration Relief

If an annulment prevents an individual from filing for VAWA, they may still have other immigration options, including:

1.U Visa – Available to victims of certain crimes, including domestic violence, who cooperate with law enforcement.

2.T Visa – Available for victims of human trafficking, including forced marriages.

3.Asylum – If the individual fears returning to their home country due to domestic abuse or gender-based violence.

4.Cancellation of Removal for Battered Spouses – Available for those in removal proceedings who can prove abuse and continuous physical presence in the U.S. for at least three years.

These alternative options can provide relief if VAWA is not available due to an annulment.

Conclusion

While divorce does not prevent a VAWA self-petition, annulment can create significant obstacles because it legally erases the marriage.

grants who’ve grown up in America? What about the U.S. citizens being ensnared and targeted in immigration sweeps via racial profiling that’s endemic to any mass deportation agenda?

The truth is this: we are watching the ham-handedness and harms of the Trump immigration agenda in action and one that highlights a broader reality: immigrants in America are very different from the dangerous ‘invaders’ Stephen Miller wants us to picture. Our country relies on immigrants – in key economic sectors and beyond – and the real reforms we need don’t look anything like the mass deportations in action.”l

Read more at www.theimmigrantsjournal.com

•If the marriage was annulled before filing, the self-petitioner may lose eligibility because USCIS may not recognize the marriage.

•If the annulment was initiated by the abuser, the self-petitioner may argue it was a tactic to evade legal responsibility. •Timing matters—if the annulment occurs after the VAWA application is submitted, the case may still proceed. Given these complexities, individuals considering a VAWA petition should consult an immigration attorney before pursuing an annulment. In some cases, alternative forms of relief may be available. By carefully navigating these legal challenges, survivors of domestic abuse can protect their rights and pursue the immigration relief they deserve.l

Editorial credit: IQ Inc

Editorial credit: IQ Inc

BY AMERICA’S VOICE

Editorial credit: Christopher Penler / Shutterstock.com

One Big Happy Household: How Immigrant Families Are Achieving the Goal of American Homeownership Through Multigenerational Living

BY JANET HOWARD

The American Dream has long been synonymous with owning a home, and for many immigrant families, that dream is being realized through an increasingly popular approach: multigenerational living. According to the National Association of Realtors' latest Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers report, 17% of homes purchased last year were multigenerational households—an all-time high. This trend is powerful among immigrant families from the Caribbean, Latin America, and Africa, who are embracing family unity not just as a cultural value but as a smart financial strategy.

What Is a Multigenerational Home?

A multigenerational household is one where more than one generation lives under the same roof. This could include grandparents, adult children, or adult siblings cohabitating and sharing responsibilities. In immigrant communities, this model of living isn't new—it mirrors traditional living arrangements from their countries of origin. But in the U.S., it's proving to be a powerful tool for achieving homeownership, financial stability, and educational success.

Why Multigenerational Living Is Rising

Several factors drive the rise in multigenerational homes:

•Affordability: With rising housing prices and high interest rates, pooling financial resources makes home buying more attainable.

•Cultural Traditions: Many immigrant families already value close-knit family structures where elders help with childcare and younger generations support aging parents.

•Shared Responsibilities: Shared mortgages, utility bills, and household tasks ease the burden on any family member.

•Educational Aspirations: Parents and grandparents often move in together to create stable environments for children to focus on school.

The Mensah Family – Building a Legacy from Ghana

In Maryland, the Mensah family, originally from Ghana, exemplifies the multigenerational dream. Matriarch Mensah and her late husband came to the U.S. in the 1980s. Today, three generations live together in a spacious home they purchased collectively just outside Washington, D.C.

Her children, now professionals, include a nurse, a public health graduate student, and a software engineer who graduated from Howard University. Their home is not only a financial achievement—it's a cultural stronghold and a center of love. "Our house is filled with books, music, and support," says Ama. "It's how we

honor where we came from—and invest in where we're going." She added, "We came from a small village in Ghana, where the idea of owning a home in America was a distant dream," says Abena. "Now my grandchildren are growing up in a house filled with love, books, and opportunities."

The Saint-Fleur Family – Haitian Roots, American Dreams

For the Saint-Fleur family, originally from Haiti, multigenerational living is an extension of a deeply held value: "Nou pran swen pa nou"—"We take care of our own."

After the 2010 earthquake, Grandmother Jocelyne moved to New York to live with her son, Patrick, and his wife, Roseline. Patrick, a hospital technician, and Roseline, a teacher, welcomed her with open arms. Years later, they pooled savings and got help from Patrick's brother in Florida to buy a five-bedroom duplex in Upstate New York.

Today, Jocelyne helps care for her three grandchildren, cooks traditional Haitian meals, and shares stories about their homeland. Meanwhile, Patrick and Roseline's eldest daughter, Maya, just completed her second year at SUNY— making her the family's first third-generation college student.

"This house is more than bricks and mortar," Patrick says. "It's our resilience. Our history. Our future."

How Multigenerational Living Supports Long-Term Success

The benefits of multigenerational households extend beyond homeownership:

•Generational Wealth Building: By coinvesting in property, families can build equity faster and pass it on to future generations.

•Academic Achievement: Children in these households often have more consistent support systems, which leads to better school performance and higher college attendance.

•Cultural Continuity: Multigenerational homes are a hub for preserving language, traditions, and values from families' home countries.

•Emotional Support: Having multiple adults in the home creates a built-in support system, reducing stress and isolation.

Challenges and Solutions

While there are many benefits, multigenerational living also comes with challenges like space constraints, privacy concerns, and differing household expectations. However, families are finding creative solutions:

•Renovations and ADUs: Many homeowners add extensions or convert basements into living spaces.

•Clear Communication: Regular family meetings help establish boundaries and share responsibilities.

•Legal and Financial Planning: Families are consulting financial advisors and real

estate professionals to ensure the protection of all co-owners.

One Roof, Many Dreams

Multigenerational living is redefining the path to American homeownership, especially for immigrant families who bring strong traditions of unity and shared responsibility. Through collective effort and long-term vision, families from Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America are not just surviving—they're thriving. The walls of these homes echo with multiple languages, shared meals, and the laughter of children who dream bigger than ever, thanks to the sacrifices of generations before them.

Ultimately, it's not just about buying a house but building a legacy.

Guidance

Whether you are buying, selling or investing, we're happy to help. We are here to provide the guidance and support you need to make the right decision. Contact one of our real estate professionals for more information. Call us 888670-6791 or visit www.askthelawyer.us to schedule an appointment.l

Risks of Improper or Late Divorce After Marriage-Based Green Card

BY BRIAN FIGEROUX, ESQ.

Divorce is a complex legal process, but it becomes even more complicated when one spouse has obtained a green card (permanent residency) through marriage. The timing of the divorce and how it is handled can have serious immigration consequences, including the potential loss of legal status and deportation risks.

This article analyzes the dangers of filing an improper or untimely divorce when a spouse has received a green card through marriage, explaining how U.S. immigration laws handle divorce, the potential consequences, and ways to protect one’s legal status.

1. How Divorce Affects a Green Card Holder

When a non-U.S. citizen receives a green card through marriage, their immigration status is dependent on the legitimacy of the marriage at the time of approval. However, if a divorce occurs too soon or is not handled properly, it may:

•Raise red flags with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

•Lead to denial of a permanent green card

(for conditional residents).

•Increase the risk of deportation or removal proceedings.

The impact of divorce depends on whether the green card is conditional or permanent.

2. Conditional vs. Permanent Green Cards

The biggest factor in determining the impact of divorce on a green card holder is whether the green card is conditional or permanent.

A. Conditional Green Card (Married Less Than Two Years at Approval)

If a marriage is less than two years old at the time a green card is approved, the

non-citizen spouse receives a Conditional Permanent Resident (CPR) card, valid for only two years.

•A joint petition (Form I-751) must be filed with USCIS to remove the conditions within 90 days before the green card expires.

•The couple must prove the marriage was legitimate and not fraudulent.

•If a divorce occurs before conditions are removed, the immigrant spouse must apply for a waiver to avoid losing their status.

Key Risk: If a divorce happens too soon after receiving a conditional green card, USCIS may suspect marriage fraud, leading to denial of the waiver and potential deportation.

. Permanent Green Card (After Two Years of Marriage)

•If a green card is issued after two years of marriage, it is valid for 10 years and is not conditional.

•Divorce does not automatically affect legal status but may impact naturalization (citizenship) applications.

Key Risk: If USCIS suspects that the marriage was fraudulent, it may still investigate and revoke the green card.

3. Dangers of Filing an Improper or Untimely Divorce

A. Filing for Divorce Too Soon

•If a divorce is filed shortly after receiving a green card, it raises suspicion with USCIS.

•Immigration officers may question whether the marriage was real or just for immigration benefits.

•If USCIS determines the marriage was fraudulent, the green card can be revoked, and the immigrant may face deportation.

B. Not Filing Form I-751 Properly (For Conditional Green Card Holders)

•If a divorce occurs before filing Form Icontinued on page 9

FAMILY MATTERS 9

Risks of Improper or Late Divorce

continued from page 8

751 (Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence), the immigrant must file a waiver request instead of a joint petition.

•Failure to properly apply for a waiver based on divorce can lead to green card denial and removal proceedings.

Solution: If divorce is necessary, consult an immigration attorney before filing Form I-751.

C. Attempting a Fraudulent Divorce

•Some couples fake a divorce to manipulate immigration rules, such as trying to help the immigrant spouse stay in the U.S. while pretending to separate.

•USCIS can detect fraudulent divorces, leading to green card revocation and criminal penalties.

Solution: Always ensure divorce filings are legitimate and truthful.

D. Divorce Affecting U.S. Citizenship Applications

•A permanent green card holder can apply for U.S. citizenship after:

-3 years if still married to the U.S. citizen spouse or 5 years if divorced.

•If a divorce occurs before the 3-year mark, the immigrant must wait 5 years instead of 3 to apply for citizenship.

Risk: If USCIS suspects marriage fraud, it may deny citizenship or revoke residency.

4.Legal Strategies to Protect Immigration Status After Divorce

The following are some strategies to protect your legal status. Always consult with an attorney.

A. Filing a Waiver for Conditional Green Card Holders

If divorce occurs before removing conditions on a green card, the immigrant must file Form I-751 with a waiver, proving:

•The marriage was entered in good faith, even if it later ended in divorce.

•The divorce was due to legitimate marital problems, not immigration fraud.

•Supporting evidence, such as joint bank accounts, leases, photos, and affidavits, should be provided.

Tip: Filing for a waiver early improves the chances of approval.

B. Gathering Strong Evidence of a Genuine Marriage

To protect immigration status, document the legitimacy of the marriage with:

•Marriage certificates and joint financial documents.

•Photos, travel records, and messages showing the relationship.

•Testimonies from friends and family.

Tip: Even after divorce, maintaining evidence of a legitimate marriage helps prove the green card was not fraudulently obtained.

C. Avoiding Premature Divorce

If possible, waiting until conditions are removed (for CPR holders) or citizenship is granted (for permanent residents) may reduce immigration risks.

Tip: Consult an immigration attorney before filing for divorce to explore legal options.

5. Can USCIS Investigate a Divorce?

Yes. USCIS closely examines divorces involving green card holders, especially if they occur shortly after residency is granted.

How USCIS Detects Fraudulent Divorces:

•Interviews with both spouses during the green card process.

•Review of divorce timing—a sudden divorce may be suspicious.

•Examining financial and residential records for inconsistencies.

•Requests for additional evidence to con-

firm marriage legitimacy.

Warning: If USCIS finds evidence of marriage fraud, the immigrant spouse can lose their green card and face deportation.

6. What If the U.S. Citizen Spouse Threatens to Report the Divorce to USCIS?

Some immigrant spouses experience abuse or threats from their U.S. citizen spouse, who may try to use their immigration status against them.

Legal Protection:

•Violence Against Women Act (VAWA): Allows abused spouses to self-petition for a green card without relying on their spouse.

•Seeking Legal Help: Immigration attorneys can provide protection from threats.

7. Filing Divorce Properly to Protect Immigration Status

Filing for divorce at the wrong time or without proper legal guidance can lead to green card denial, deportation, or delays in citizenship applications.

Consult an immigration attorney before filing for divorce to protect legal status. By filing for divorce properly and ensuring all legal requirements are met, immigrants can protect their right to stay in the U.S. and avoid unnecessary immigration consequences.l

Travel Ban 2025: President Donald Trump Reinstates and Expands First-Term Policy via Executive Order

BY MARY

On June 4, 2025, President Donald Trump issued a sweeping executive order reinstating and expanding the travel ban policy from his first term. The new directive imposes full entry bans on nationals from 12 countries and partial restrictions on seven others, citing national security and public safety concerns. The policy has sparked significant debate over its rationale, legal foundation, and potential political motivations.

Countries Affected

The executive order fully restricts entry into the United States for nationals from the following 12 countries:

•Afghanistan

•Myanmar

•Chad

•Republic of the Congo

•Equatorial Guinea

•Eritrea

•Haiti

•Iran

•Libya

•Somalia

•Sudan

•Yemen

Additionally, partial restrictions have been imposed on nationals from seven countries:

•Burundi

•Cuba

•Laos

•Sierra Leone

•Togo

•Turkmenistan

•Venezuela

The partial restrictions limit access to certain visa categories, such as tourist and student visas, while allowing some temporary visits.

Rationale Behind the Executive Order

The Trump administration justifies the travel ban as a measure to protect the United States from foreign terrorists and other national security threats. The executive order cites deficiencies in information-sharing and identity-management protocols of the affected countries, which

allegedly hinder effective vetting of their nationals. The administration also points to high visa overstay rates and the inability or unwillingness of some countries to repatriate their citizens as contributing factors.

A recent attack in Boulder, Colorado, carried out by an Egyptian national, was referenced by President Trump as an example of the dangers posed by inadequately vetted entrants and visa overstays. Although Egypt is not among the countries listed in the ban, the incident was used to underscore the perceived risks.

Legal Foundation

The executive order draws legal authority from Section 212(f) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, which grants the President the power to suspend the entry of any class of aliens deemed detrimental to the interests of the United States. This legal basis was upheld by the Supreme Court in the 2018 case Trump v. Hawaii, which affirmed the President's broad discretion in matters of national security and immigration.

The current order attempts to avoid the legal challenges that plagued the 2017 travel ban by providing more detailed justifications and including exemptions for certain categories of travelers, such as lawful permanent residents, existing visa holders, diplomats, athletes participating in major sporting events, and individuals with immediate family ties to U.S. citizens.

Political Motivations and Criticisms

Critics argue that the travel ban is politically motivated, aiming to fulfill campaign promises and appeal to the administration's base by taking a hardline stance on immigration. Human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights First, have condemned the policy as discriminatory and cruel, particularly highlighting its impact on Muslimmajority countries and vulnerable populations seeking refuge or family reunification in the U.S.

The inclusion of countries like Afghanistan, where many citizens have supported U.S. missions, has been labeled a "moral disgrace" by veterans' groups and advocates for Afghan allies. They

argue that the ban betrays individuals who risked their lives to assist American forces.

Some observers suggest that the timing of the ban, coming just five months into Trump's second term, serves to distract from domestic issues and reinforce a narrative of strong national security measures. The policy's broad scope and inclusion of new countries not previously targeted have raised concerns about its true intent and effectiveness.

Murad Awawdeh, President and CEO, New York Immigration Coalition: “The American dream is the quintessential American value. With the return of a super-charged Muslim and African Ban, and the racist exclusion of certain people from the ability to seek safety and refuge, Donald Trump and his enablers are attacking the very concept of America itself. When our country first experienced the Muslim Ban in 2017, the American people rejected it. We fought back, and we won. The xenophobic fanatics controlling the federal government now believe they have a mandate for hate and cruelty. But as immigrant communities face attack after attack from the Trump administration, we will continue to fight back. History will look back at this moment as one of the darkest in American history, but we know that light will ultimately prevail. Our elected officials – in city halls, statehouses, and Congress – must act now to preserve the ideals that actually make this country great. Together, we must make sure that our country does not devolve past the point of no return.”

Conclusion

President Trump's 2025 travel ban represents a significant expansion of his earlier immigration policies, affecting a broader range of countries and visa categories. While the administration frames the policy as a necessary step to protect national security, critics argue that it is a politically motivated measure that discriminates against specific populations and undermines America's values of inclusivity and refuge. As legal challenges are anticipated, the ultimate impact and longevity of

CAMPBELL

Supreme Court Allows Trump Administration to Revoke Temporary Legal Status for Over 500,000 Immigrants

BY MARY CAMPBELL

In a sharply consequential decision, the U.S. Supreme Court on Friday allowed the Trump administration to move forward with revoking temporary legal protections granted to over half a million immigrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela—unwinding a major immigration policy from the Biden era.

The court's order, issued in response to an emergency application from Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem, effectively ends the CHNV parole programs created under former Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas in 2022. The policy had granted two-year temporary residence and work permits to nationals from the four countries, provided they passed security vetting and secured a U.S.-based sponsor.

For the second time in a week, the Trump administration has moved to end Temporary Protected Status (TPS), this time for immigrants from Nepal. USCIS announced that conditions in Nepal have improved and no longer justify TPS, urging Nepalese holders to prepare to leave the U.S.

A Divided Court

The unsigned order did not provide a

detailed explanation, but Justices Ketanji Brown Jackson and Sonia Sotomayor dissented, emphasizing the human cost of the ruling.

Justice Jackson warned of the “devastating consequences” of suddenly stripping legal status from hundreds of thousands. “The court today fails to appreciate the real-life stakes for these individuals, many of whom have integrated into their communities, found employment, and started families,” she wrote.

The Supreme Court’s decision places a hold on a lower court ruling by U.S. District Judge Indira Talwani in Massachusetts, who had sided with immigrant advocacy groups in finding that the government could not terminate

the legal status of so many people without individualized review. That ruling is now paused while further litigation proceeds.

Legal and Human Fallout

The Biden administration’s original parole program was introduced in part to address a rising number of border arrivals and reduce pressure on immigration enforcement infrastructure. It allowed more than 530,000 individuals to live and work legally in the U.S. temporarily, a move hailed by immigrant rights advocates but criticized by immigration hardliners as executive overreach.

The Trump administration, newly empowered by a conservative-leaning court, has argued that Judge Talwani overstepped her authority. Solicitor General D. John Sauer said that the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) grants broad discretion to the Secretary of Homeland Security to determine parole status, including the power to terminate it.

The Department of Homeland Security had previously announced in October 2024 that the parolees' statuses would not be renewed after their two-year terms ended, signaling the coming shift in policy. With the court’s latest decision, that rollback can proceed immediately.

Advocates Warn of Expulsions

Groups such as the Haitian Bridge Alliance, which joined legal challenges to the administration’s move, say the consequences could be dire.

In court filings, their attorneys stated that the decision could render the affected immigrants “immediately undocumented, legally unemployable, and subject to mass expulsion.” They further argued that revoking protections without case-by-case evaluation is both inhumane and inconsistent with due process. While the Supreme Court’s order allows the policy to be reversed for now, the broader legal battle over the limits of executive power in immigration is far from over.

Political Context

This dispute is emblematic of a broader trend under the Trump administration’s second term: a concerted effort to consolidate presidential authority, particularly on immigration, often clashing with federal courts. Friday’s ruling marks another instance in which the Supreme Court sided with executive discretion over judicial constraint.

With immigration set to be a central issue in the 2026 midterms, Friday’s ruling is likely to escalate the political and legal battles already simmering across the country.l

Editorial credit: IQ Inc

HOT TOPIC

President Trump's initial executive actions were designed to aggressively target irregular immigration and increase enforcement efforts at the U.S.Mexico border. Among the most important was the executive order titled Securing Our Borders. This order, signed on Day One of the Trump administration, included several directives aimed at increasing the detention of noncitizens and reducing the use of parole for those detained. Specifically, it mandated that ICE detain noncitizens "to the maximum extent authorized by law." It also directed ICE to realign its parole policies, which were previously used to release some individuals from detention while their immigration proceedings were ongoing.

Another critical proclamation, Guaranteeing the States Protection Against Invasion, suspended the entry of noncitizens at the U.S.-Mexico border, with the assertion that irregular migration represented an "invasion" of the U.S. While the proclamation itself was an attempt to justify such drastic measures, it led to immediate concerns regarding the rights of noncitizens to seek asylum and the legality of preventing their entry under international law. In combination, these actions set a stark tone for the administration's approach to immigration enforcement: prioritizing border security while dramatically reducing avenues for noncitizens to secure parole or legal entry into the country.

Parole Policies: From a Humanitarian Tool to a Restrictive Measure

The parole process has long been a way for ICE to temporarily release noncitizens from detention under specific circumstances, such as for medical treatment or to reunite families. Under prior administrations, parole was used sparingly and often in compassionate situations. However, President Trump's executive order sought to eliminate parole as an option for many individuals, narrowing the scope of situations where parole could be granted.

In practice, the Securing Our Borders executive order pushed for maximum detention, meaning ICE was instructed to use detention as a primary means of holding individuals while their immigration cases were adjudicated. This policy shift came in stark contrast to prior years, where the parole system was seen as a mechanism to balance the government's interests in immigration enforcement with humanitarian needs and international obligations. Critics of the order argue that restricting parole limits the ability of families to stay together and prevents individuals from receiving

essential medical care while detained.

The decision to reduce the use of parole has also been challenged on legal grounds. Critics point out that this move could violate longstanding legal principles, such as the right to seek asylum and the right to be free from prolonged detention under inhumane conditions. Furthermore, the restriction of parole has led to overcrowding in detention centers and increased pressure on the immigration court system.

The Impact on Noncitizens and the Immigration System

The changes to parole policies have had a profound impact on noncitizens involved in immigration proceedings. For many individuals, being released on parole during their cases provided stability, allowing them to stay with family members or work. At the same time, they awaited a decision from the courts. By eliminating or severely restricting parole, ICE's new policies have made it more difficult for individuals to maintain their lives outside of detention centers. This, in turn, places additional burdens on already overstretched detention

facilities and increases the likelihood that individuals will be detained for prolonged periods, even if they do not pose a flight risk or threat to public safety.

In many cases, the elimination of parole has ripple effect on the broader immigration system. Immigration courts, already facing significant backlogs, have been further strained by increased detained cases. With fewer opportunities for individuals to be released from detention, the number of cases pending before the courts has skyrocketed, leading to more extended waiting periods for hearings and, in some instances, more frequent delays.

Moreover, the Trump administration's tough stance on parole reflects a broader shift in U.S. immigration policy from acknowledging the possibility of asylum and humanitarian relief to focusing more on deterrence and restriction. Critics argue that this approach undermines the U.S.'s reputation as a country that provides refuge to those fleeing violence and persecution. These changes have also prompted numerous legal challenges, including lawsuits arguing that the suspension of parole violates both U.S. law and international agreements to which the U.S. is a signatory.

Legal and Policy Challenges: Lack of Transparency

One of the more troubling aspects of the Trump administration's Day One immigration actions is ICE's failure to publish clear, transparent guidelines on implementing these policies. Under the

continued on page 12

ICE Changes/ continued from page 12

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and in accordance with a memorandum issued by the Department of Homeland Security's Chief FOIA Officer, ICE is required to make its policies publicly available. However, despite the legal obligation to provide such transparency, ICE has not published any formal guidelines or procedures regarding the new parole restrictions or the suspension of entry at the border.

This lack of transparency has confused immigration practitioners and noncitizens attempting to navigate the system. Many have expressed concern that without clear documentation, the implementation of these policies is inconsistent and subject to arbitrary enforcement. Additionally, the failure to provide clear guidance has led to significant delays in processing and has left individuals in a state of legal limbo, uncertain about their rights or the status of their cases.

Furthermore, the ambiguity surrounding the implementation of Trump's executive orders has left many questioning whether ICE is adhering to the principles of due process or operating with a disregard for the law. There is no clear indication of how the new parole policies will be enforced in the long term,

nor the specific criteria for granting or denying parole.

Conclusion

The changes made by President Trump on his first day in office to immigration policy, particularly concerning parole and border enforcement, have been some of the most controversial and consequential in recent U.S. history. By severely limiting the use of parole and focusing on aggressive border enforcement, the administration has reshaped how ICE interacts with noncitizens in detention and altered the course of immigration proceedings. However, the lack of transparency and failure to implement these changes have led to significant legal and operational challenges, complicating the immigration process for noncitizens and immigration officials.

As these policies continue to unfold, it remains to be seen how the courts will respond to legal challenges and whether the new administration will reverse or refine these measures. The debate over the balance between security and humanitarian obligations remains at the forefront of U.S. immigration policy, with significant consequences for individuals and families affected by these changes.l

Celebrating Immigrant Heritage Month: Honoring the Heart of New York City

June marks Immigrant Heritage Month when New York City honors the invaluable contributions of its immigrant communities. With over 3 million foreign-born residents, the city is a testament to the enduring spirit and resilience of immigrants who have shaped its history and continue to define its future.

The NYC Mayor's Office of Immigrant Affairs (MOIA) has launched the "You Belong" campaign, a nationwide initiative to affirm the city's commitment to serving all immigrant communities. This campaign underscores the city's dedication to being a place of opportunity, resilience, and multiculturalism, built by generations of immigrants worldwide.

Commissioner Manuel Castro of MOIA emphasized the importance of this celebration, stating, "This Immigrant Heritage Month, we build upon our legacy as the City of immigrants and want to make clear our commitment to serve all immigrant communities." His words resonate deeply, especially as he draws from his journey of arriving in New York City

as a migrant child. Castro's experiences fuel his advocacy, reminding immigrant New Yorkers that they can access city services without fear, regardless of their immigration status.

Throughout June, MOIA will host various events and programs celebrating the rich cultural tapestry of immigrant communities across the five boroughs. These initiatives aim to highlight immigrants' stories, traditions, and achievements, reinforcing the message that every New Yorker, regardless of origin, belongs in this vibrant city.As New York City continues to evolve, its foundation remains rooted in the diverse narratives of its immigrant population. Immigrant Heritage Month is a poignant reminder of the city's unwavering commitment to inclusivity, unity, and celebrating its multicultural identity.l

DIVERSITY, EQUALITY & INCLUSION

The Diversity, Equality & Inclusion (DEI), 2025 Events

The Diversity, Equality & Inclusion (DEI) organization has unveiled a comprehensive 2025 event schedule, emphasizing its commitment to fostering inclusive environments across various sectors. The lineup includes a blend of seminars, workshops, certificate programs, and cultural observances, each designed to address specific facets of diversity and inclusion.

Key Events and Programs

The following are some key events and programs:

Inclusive

Workplace Culture Seminar

This seminar aims to equip organizations with strategies to build diverse and inclusive environments. Attendees will gain insights into attracting top talent, enhancing employee satisfaction, and boosting overall business performance through actionable DEI practices.

Women Leading for Equality & Inclusion Conference

Focusing on empowering women lead-

ers, this conference provides a platform for discussions on equality and inclusion. Through keynotes and workshops, participants will explore innovative solutions to break down barriers and drive transformative initiatives across various fields.

Labor,

Diversity & Inclusion Certificate Program

This intensive course is tailored for professionals seeking to champion DEI in the workplace. It covers the intersection of labor rights and inclusion practices, offering strategies to address systemic inequalities and promote fair labor practices.

Inclusive Hiring Workshop

A practical training session designed to help organizations implement inclusive recruitment strategies. Participants will learn to create equitable hiring processes, develop inclusive job descriptions, and conduct unbiased interviews to build diverse teams.

DEI's schedule also features events that celebrate and recognize the contributions of various communities:

•Caribbean American Heritage Month (June 4, 2025): Highlighting the contributions and resilience of Caribbean Americans, emphasizing the importance

of inclusive spaces.

•Pride Month (June 11, 2025): Focusing on LGBTQ+ inclusion, this event promotes allyship, visibility, and equal rights within organizations.

•Hispanic Heritage Month (September 17, 2025): Celebrating the achievements of Hispanic Americans and reinforcing the importance of representation and allyship.

•National Disability Employment Awareness Month (October 1, 2025): Advocating for disability inclusion and equitable employment opportunities.

•Veterans Day (November 5, 2025): Honoring the sacrifices of U.S. military veterans and promoting inclusive practices for their integration into the workforce.

•Native American Heritage Month (November 12, 2025): Recognizing the contributions and cultures of Indigenous communities, fostering allyship and inclusivity.

Analysis

DEI's 2025 schedule reflects a holistic approach to diversity and inclusion, addressing both organizational practices and cultural awareness. By offering a mix of educational programs and cultural observances, DEI provides avenues for individuals and organizations to engage with DEI principles actively.

The emphasis on practical workshops and certificate programs indicates a strategic move to equip professionals with the tools necessary to implement DEI initiatives effectively. Simultaneously, the cultural events serve to educate and foster appreciation for diverse communities, promoting a more inclusive society.

Overall, DEI's event schedule for 2025 demonstrates a comprehensive effort to embed diversity, equality, and inclusion into the fabric of organizational and societal structures. l

Cultural Observances and Celebrations

The Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates | 26 Court Street, Suite 701, Brooklyn, NY 11242 Tel: 855-768-8845 | Website: www.askthelawyer.us

All people living in the United States, including undocumented immigrants, have certain U.S. Constitutional rights. If you are undocumented and immigration (ICE) agents knock on your door, know that you have the following rights:

You do not have to open the door You do not have to open the door or let the officers into your home unless they have a valid search warrant signed by a judge.

• An ICE deportation warrant is not the same as a search warrant. If this is the only document they have, they cannot legally come inside unless you verbally agree to let them in.

• If the officers say they have a search warrant signed by a judge, ask them to slide it under the door or hold it up to a window so you can see it.

• If the warrant does not have your correct name and address on it and is not signed by a judge you do not have to open the door or let them inside.

• If at any point you decide to speak with the officers, you do not need to open the door to do so. You can speak to them through the door or step outside and close the door.

You have the right to remain silent You do not need to speak to the immigration officers or answer any questions.

• If you are asked where you were born or how you entered the United States, you may refuse to answer or remain silent.

• If you choose to remain silent, say “I choose to remain silent.”

• You may show a know-your-rights card (English) (Spanish) to the officer that explains that you will remain silent and wish to speak to a lawyer.

• You may refuse to show identity documents that say what country you are from.

• Do not show any false documents and do not lie.

You have the right to speak to a lawyer If you are detained or taken into custody, you have the right to seek an attorney and to receive a phone call from your attorney. Ask for a copy of the Detainee Handbook to understand the Detention Center’s rules.

• Even if you do not have a lawyer, you may tell the immigration officers that you want to speak to one.

• If you have a lawyer, you have the right to talk to them. If you have a signed Form G-28, which shows you have a lawyer, give it to an officer.

• If you do not have a lawyer, ask an immigration officer for a list of pro bono lawyers.

• You also have the right to contact your consulate. The consulate may be able to assist you in locating a lawyer.

• You can refuse to sign any/all paperwork until you have had the opportunity to speak to a lawyer.

• If you choose to sign something without speaking to a lawyer, be sure you understand exactly what the document says and means before you sign it.

• You have the right to speak to request to make a phone call to family members or friends for free if you do not have enough money in your account after 10 days.

This flyer is intended for general information purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should not act or rely on any information in this flyer without seeking the advice of a competent, licensed immigration attorney. Contact the Law Firm of Figeroux & Associates, 26 Court Street, Suite 701, Brooklyn, NY 11242. Call 855-768-8845 or visit www.askthelawyer.us to schedule an appointment.

©2025 American Immigration Lawyers Association #AILAStandsWithImmigrants

Department of State Pauses Visa Interview for J, F, and M Visitors

BY GENNADY BABANKOV

On Tuesday, May 27, the international exchange and education community was dealt yet another blow when the Trump administration temporarily paused scheduling new F, M, and J visa appointments. Politico reported that a cable sent to all embassies and consular posts by Secretary of State Marco Rubio called for consular sections to “not add any additional student or exchange visitor (F, M and J) visa appointment capacity until further guidance is issued.” This request stems from the Department’s decision to “evaluate operations and processes in preparation for expanded social media vetting of all student and exchange visitor visa applicants.”

While initially designed to target higher education, the pause applies to all J-1 program categories. The action directly and negatively impacts a wide range of constituents, including non-immigrant visitors, American secondary schools and higher education institutions, families using au pair help, and businesses relying on J visas for Research & Development, training, and seasonal labor. According to research conducted by the Alliance for International Exchange, a non-profit association that serves as a collective public policy voice of the cultural exchange community in the United States, without international students, the U.S. would forfeit the $43.8 billion they contribute to the U.S. economy and the nearly 400,000 American jobs they support per year.

The pause has understandably created havoc for a variety of constituencies which interact with the F, M and J visa categories. Although the cable states that “appointments already scheduled can proceed under current guidelines,” there are reports that some previously scheduled interviews were canceled after the cable was sent. The duration of the pause is also unclear. According to the cable, the pause is “until further guidance is issued […], which we anticipate in the coming days.” In a press briefing heldon Thursday, May 29, the Department of State further confirmed that the pause will be short and there “will be an endpoint” that will not be “weeks or months” from now. On the other hand, previous experience with changes to consular guidance has led experts to believe that the delays may be longer, for several reasons:

•Developing a procedure and criteria for social media vetting and training staff for these new tasks may take weeks.

•Per prior instructions, the consulates are also facing staffing cuts. This will put further strain on already understaffed consular teams, forcing them to prioritize ongoing tasks at the expense of new assignments.

•Staff cuts will likely reduce the avail-

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ability of trained personnel familiar with J, F, and M visa regulations, which may result in delays and errors.

Potential remedies are unlikely to be successful.

In prior litigation, courts have generally not found standing for lawsuits against the Department of State for matters conducted outside of the United States.

Entering the U.S. on a different visa (for example, B-1 or B-2) and changing status to J, F, or M post-entry presents several problems:

•Obtaining a visitor visa for the purpose of entering and then seeking a change of status to another category could potentially be seen by a consular officer or, in the context of a change of status adjudication, by United States Customs and Immigration Services (USCIS) as a material misrepresentation/visa fraud. This could result in a denial of the visa, refusal of entry and cancellation of the visa at a port of entry, or denial of a change of status. A finding of misrepresentation would serve to be a basis for future visa denials or other immigration benefits.

•The backlog of visa applications for visitor visas is generally longer than that for F, M, or J visas, which have typically been a higher priority. Whether to stop

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accepting F, M or J applications to allow more slots for visitor visas is not known in light of staffing shortages. Also, an applicant for a visitor visa has to demonstrate an intent to engage in tourist or business activities of a short-term nature and an intent to return home upon completion of that objective. Consular officers may be on the lookout for individuals seeking visitor visas in order to engage in a post-entry change of status.

Even when visa appointments are resumed, the social media vetting rules will provide new ground for visa denial. The denials will likely be under INA section 214(b), for the lack of a more suitable ground for rejection, which means that an applicant:

•Did not sufficiently demonstrate to the consular officer that [s/he] qualify for the nonimmigrant visa category [s/he] applied for; and/or

•Did not overcome the presumption of immigrant intent, required by law, by sufficiently demonstrating that [s/he has] strong ties to [his/her] home country.

Rejections under INA section 214(b) do not require an explanation, and the decisions are non-reviewable either administratively or judicially. A request to reconsider will likely be forwarded to the same consular officer who has made the initial determination.

The information currently available is scarce, and forecasts are vague. The coming weeks will shed light on the actual effect of this action and help the education and exchange community develop a proper response. Meanwhile, it is important to remember that as destructive as the visa appointment pause is, it is not a J-1 program ban, and J, F, and M visas are still being issued in limited situations, including to visitors whose appointments have already been scheduled, Canadian citizens and nationals, and individuals currently in the United States obtaining a J, F, or M visa through a change of status process.

To minimize the chance of consular delays and rejections, J, F, and M visa applicants are recommended to review their social media accounts prior to entering the U.S., avoiding activity contradictory to or critical of the U.S. administration and its foreign policy and national security priorities.

Most importantly, patience is golden. Since their inception in 1951 (F visas) and 1961 (J visas), programs and activities supported by J, F, and M visas have experienced many challenges, always demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability. These programs are not only an essential part of the non-immigrant visa portfolio, but also major drivers of the American educational excellence and economic success. Thanks to strong bipartisan support, J, F, and M visa programs have thrived through both Democratic and Republican administrations, and the Council expects this trend to continue in the future. l

Estate Planning For Peace of Mind

BY BRIAN FIGEROUX, ESQ.

Estate planning is vital for securing your financial future and ensuring your loved ones are taken care of after you're gone. Though it’s a topic many avoid, creating an estate plan offers peace of mind, helping you control your assets, ensure your wishes are honored, and reduce the burden on your family during a difficult time. This article highlights why estate planning is essential for your financial well-being.

What is Estate Planning?

Estate planning involves preparing for the management and distribution of your assets in the event of death or incapacity. It includes drafting legal documents such as wills, trusts, powers of attorney, and healthcare directives. A well-rounded estate plan may include the following:

•Wills: Direct how your assets are distributed after death, name guardians for minor children, and appoint an executor to carry out your wishes.

•Trusts: Allow assets to transfer without going through probate, making the process more efficient and private.

•Powers of Attorney: Appoint someone to manage your affairs if you become incapacitated.

•Healthcare Directive: Specify your medical care preferences if you’re unable to communicate them.

These tools work together to ensure that your affairs are handled according to your

wishes, providing significant peace of mind.

Peace

of Mind Through Control

A major benefit of estate planning is the control it gives you over your assets. Without a plan, your assets may be distributed according to state laws, which may not align with your wishes. Creating a will or trust ensures your possessions go to the people or organizations you care about most.

Estate planning also ensures that your dependents, such as minor children, are cared for. By naming guardians in your will, you ensure they are raised by someone you trust. Without such provisions, the court may step in, potentially making decisions that don’t reflect your preferences.

Reducing Family Conflict

A lack of estate planning can lead to disputes among family members over asset distribution. When a person dies without a clear plan, family members may have differing views on who should receive what. An explicit estate plan helps prevent these tensions by clearly stating your intentions. Designating an executor or trustee ensures that someone you trust will handle the estate fairly, minimizing the chance of conflicts and allowing your family to focus on mourning instead of arguing over assets.

Avoiding Probate

Probate is the legal process of administering a deceased person’s estate, and it can be time-consuming, costly, and stressful for your loved ones. One way to avoid probate is by setting up a living trust, which allows assets to pass directly to beneficiaries, bypassing the probate process. This simplifies asset transfer, saving both time and money.

By planning ahead, you prevent your loved ones from dealing with the often lengthy and expensive probate process. This not only eases their burden but also preserves family harmony by eliminating the potential for lengthy court battles over asset distribution.

Protecting Your Legacy

Estate planning also allows you to protect and preserve your legacy. Whether you want to support a charity, fund a scholar-

ship, or ensure your children’s financial stability, a well-structured estate plan helps make your goals a reality. You can leave behind a legacy that reflects your values, knowing you’ve taken the necessary steps to make it happen.

Ensuring Your Wishes Are Followed

A key element of estate planning is ensuring your healthcare and financial decisions are respected if you become incapacitated. By appointing someone you trust through powers of attorney and healthcare directives, you ensure that your medical and financial preferences are honored even when you’re unable to communicate them yourself. This provides additional peace of mind for you and your family.

Guidance

Estate planning isn’t just about asset distribution—it’s about peace of mind for you and your family. A well-structured estate plan ensures your wishes are honored, your family is protected, and your legacy is preserved.

If you haven’t yet started your estate plan, it’s never too early to begin. Consult with the experienced team at Figeroux & Associates. Give yourself and your family peace of mind. Call 855-768-8845 or visit www.askthelawyer.us to schedule a consultation. Estate planning isn’t a luxury; it’s a necessity.l

Why Debt Consolidation is Not the Best Option for Minorities

BY BRIAN FIGEROUX, ESQ.

Debt consolidation is often presented as an easy solution for individuals struggling with debt, but for many, especially in minority communities, it may not be the best option. In comparison, Chapter 7 bankruptcy is often more effective in providing relief. This article explores why debt consolidation may not benefit minorities as much as Chapter 7 bankruptcy, why Chapter 13 bankruptcy is typically less favorable, and how biased financial advice can complicate matters for minority communities.

Debt Consolidation: A False Promise

Debt consolidation involves combining multiple debts into one loan with the goal of lowering interest rates and simplifying repayment. While this might sound appealing, especially for those struggling with high-interest debts, it presents significant challenges for minority groups.

1.Discriminatory Practices in Credit Access

Minorities, especially Black and Hispanic individuals, often face systemic

discrimination in accessing credit. Studies, including those from the National Consumer Law Center, show that people of color are more likely to receive loans with higher interest rates or face outright denial. Even when they manage to obtain a debt consolidation loan, they are often offered unfavorable terms. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has reported that people of color disproportionately experience higher interest rates and fees.

2. A False Sense of Security

Debt consolidation might provide shortterm relief by consolidating debts into one payment. However, it does not address the root causes of financial distress—often poor financial management or inadequate income. If individuals continue to rely on credit, they may end up accumulating more debt, putting them right back in the same position. For minorities, who may have limited financial resources due to economic inequali-

ty, this can create a never-ending cycle of debt.

Why Chapter 7 Bankruptcy May Be a Better Option

Chapter 7 bankruptcy offers significant advantages for individuals facing overwhelming debt, especially minorities who often contend with systemic economic disadvantages.

1. Quick Debt Relief

Chapter 7 bankruptcy can discharge most unsecured debts, such as credit cards and medical bills, within 3 to 6 months. This rapid debt relief contrasts with debt consolidation, which can take years to complete. For minorities, who might be experiencing urgent financial problems, the speed of Chapter 7 can be a crucial benefit.

2. Protection of Assets

A common myth about bankruptcy is that it leads to the loss of all assets. However, Chapter 7 includes exemptions that protect essential property, such as homes, cars, and personal belongings. This is continued on page 19

Has your loved one experienced any of

•Bedsores

•Choking/Death

•Falls

•Fractured Bones

•Infections

•Improper

•Malnutrition/Dehydration

•Respiratory Illness

•Sexual

•Sexual Assault

Experience matters. The lawyer you hire does make a difference. Schedule a consultation now.

Get compensation for your loved one’s suffering. Call 855-768-8845 or visit www.askthelawyer.us

MONEY MATTERS

Debt Consolidation

continued from page 18 particularly important for minorities who may be trying to safeguard generational wealth or protect a family home. Additionally, the automatic stay in bankruptcy halts creditor actions like wage garnishments, which is vital for individuals in lower-income communities who are often subject to aggressive debt collection.

3. Complete Debt Elimination

Unlike debt consolidation or Chapter 13 bankruptcy, Chapter 7 allows individuals to eliminate their debts without continuing to make payments. For many minorities who already struggle with limited income and resources, the relief from ongoing debt obligations is a crucial step toward financial freedom.

The Drawbacks of Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Chapter 13 bankruptcy involves a repayment plan over 3 to 5 years, where individuals must repay part or all of their debt. Although it might seem appealing for those who want to keep their assets, it can be an impractical option for many minorities.

1. Long-Term Commitment

The repayment plan in Chapter 13 lasts for several years, requiring ongoing monthly payments. For minorities, par-

ticularly those in lower-income jobs, this long-term commitment can be a financial strain, as it demands consistent income over an extended period.

2. Risk of Failure

If a person fails to make payments under Chapter 13, the bankruptcy can be dismissed, leaving them with the same financial problems as before. This creates a significant risk, especially for minorities who may already live paycheck to paycheck and face economic instability.

3. Less Debt Relief

Unlike Chapter 7, where most unsecured

debts are eliminated, Chapter 13 may require debtors to pay back a large portion of their debt. For minorities already overwhelmed by debt, this long-term repayment can delay the financial freedom they need.

The Impact of Biased Financial Advice

Minorities often encounter biased or misleading financial advice that can make it more difficult to navigate their options.

1. Misinformation About Bankruptcy

Some financial advisors, lenders, or even attorneys may steer minority clients toward options that benefit them personally, such as recommending debt consolidation loans or pushing Chapter 13 bankruptcy without fully explaining the benefits of Chapter 7. Some advisors may have unconscious biases that result in poor guidance, steering clients away from the most beneficial solutions for their unique situations.

2. Discriminatory Lending Practices

Minorities frequently face discrimination in lending, such as being offered higher interest rates or being denied access to favorable loans. These discriminatory practices make it harder for them to benefit from options like debt consolidation. In many cases, even when they qualify for such loans, the terms are less favorable than what their white counterparts might receive.

A Better Path to Financial Freedom

For many minorities facing insurmountable debt, Chapter 7 bankruptcy offers the most comprehensive and immediate solution. It provides a fresh start, discharges debt, and protects essential assets without the burden of continuing payments. Debt consolidation, on the other hand, may only provide temporary relief and can often worsen the financial situation. Chapter 13 bankruptcy may seem attractive for some, but its longterm repayment plans and the risk of failure make it less ideal for those already struggling with debt.

Additionally, minorities must be vigilant against biased or misinformed financial advice. Seeking counsel from professionals who understand the unique challenges faced by minority communities is essential for making informed decisions. If you or someone you know is facing significant debt, it’s crucial to consult with an experienced attorney who can guide you through the legal process and ensure the best outcome for your situation.

Figeroux & Associates, based in Brooklyn, NY, specializes in tailored debt relief solutions and can help guide you through the bankruptcy process, whether you are facing racial discrimination or simply need a fresh start. Get yourself on the right path today. To schedule an appoinment, call 855-7688845 or visit www.askthelawyer.us. l

June is Alzheimer’s & Brain Awareness Month: A Call to Action for All Communities, Including Immigrants

BY SANDY CONNORS

Every June, the Alzheimer’s Association leads a nationwide initiative to shine a light on one of the most pressing public health challenges facing the United States — Alzheimer’s & Brain Awareness Month. This month is a vital time to empower all Americans, including immigrant communities, with the knowledge and tools to take charge of their brain health.

The Urgency of Brain Health

Today, more than 7 million Americans aged 65 and older live with Alzheimer’s disease — a number expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Even more striking is that nearly twothirds of Americans have at least one major modifiable risk factor for dementia. Yet research shows that Alzheimer’srelated brain changes can begin as much as 20 years before symptoms appear, creating a critical window of opportunity to slow or even prevent disease progression.

While the greatest known risk factor for Alzheimer’s is aging, up to 45% of dementia cases may be attributable to modifiable risks such as poor diet, physical inactivity, unmanaged high blood pressure, smoking, and social isolation. Adopting healthier behaviors can significantly reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

“Alzheimer’s & Brain Awareness Month offers the perfect opportunity for all Americans to take charge of their brain health,” said Matthew Baumgart, senior vice president, Health Policy, Alzheimer’s Association. “We want people to know there are steps they can take to keep their brains healthy.”

Supporting Immigrant Communities

Immigrant communities, particularly older adults and non-English speakers, face unique challenges when it comes to Alzheimer’s care and prevention. Cultural stigma, language barriers, limited access to healthcare, and lack of information often delay diagnosis and treatment.

Studies have shown that Latino and Black Americans are at higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Immigrant families may also face financial and caregiving burdens due to limited social support networks. That’s why culturally relevant education, translated resources, and community outreach are essential in closing the gap.

Organizations like the Alzheimer’s Association provide multilingual resources and work with local partners to engage immigrant communities through workshops, memory screenings, and educational campaigns. These initiatives help families recognize early warning signs, understand the importance of timely diagnosis, and connect to support services.

Steps to Take This June

During Alzheimer’s & Brain Awareness Month, the Alzheimer’s Association recommends three key actions to protect your brain health and support others:

1. Adopt Healthy Brain Habits

The Association encourages everyone — regardless of age — to adopt the 10 Healthy Habits for brain health. These include:

•Staying mentally and socially engaged

•Eating a balanced, Mediterranean-style diet

•Getting regular physical activity

•Managing heart health and chronic conditions

•Prioritizing quality sleep

2. Know the Early Signs

While memory loss is often the most recognized symptom, Alzheimer’s can also cause:

•Confusion with time or place

•Difficulty completing familiar tasks

•Mood and personality changes

•Poor judgment and decision-making

Recognizing the 10 early signs and

symptoms of Alzheimer’s can help ensure that individuals seek medical advice sooner rather than later. These include: memory loss that disrupts daily life; difficulty planning or solving problems; trouble completing familiar tasks at home or work; confusion with time or place; challenges understanding visual images and spatial relationships; new problems with words in speaking or writing; misplacing items and being unable to retrace steps; decreased or poor judgment; withdrawal from work or social activities; and changes in mood or personality.

3. Speak Up About Concerns

Many people — especially in immigrant households where cultural stigma may discourage open discussion — avoid addressing memory or cognitive issues. However, early detection offers significant benefits, including access to treatments that can slow progression and time to make informed decisions about care and future planning.

A Shared Responsibility

Brain health is a lifelong journey. Whether you're a caregiver, a community leader, a recent immigrant navigating new healthcare systems, or someone simply interested in living a longer, healthier life — this June is the time to get involved.

Visit alz.org to find local events, educational resources in multiple languages, and support services tailored for all communities.

Alzheimer’s is a disease that doesn’t discriminate, and neither should our efforts to fight it. This Alzheimer’s & Brain Awareness Month, let’s commit to greater awareness, earlier action, and more inclusive support — for all Americans, including our immigrant neighbors.l

Operation Bargain Brides: Analysis of USCIS-ICE Marriage Fraud Investigation

BY MARY CAMPBELL

In an important crackdown on immigration fraud, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), in coordination with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), recently helped dismantle a nationwide marriage fraud operation. The case highlights both the complexities of immigration enforcement and the sophisticated strategies used to exploit legal loopholes. This analysis will delve into the story’s major developments, the broader legal implications, and the significance of the investigation in the context of U.S. immigration policy.

Background

In April 2022, Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) Maryland’s Document and Benefit Fraud/El Dorado Task Force launched an investigation, with support from USCIS. They discovered a coordinated scheme where U.S. citizens were paid thousands of dollars to marry foreign nationals, thereby helping them fraudulently obtain immigration benefits. Three New York City residents — Ella Zuran, Tatiana Sigal, and Alexandra Tkach — were identified as key facilitators. Shawnta Hopper of New Jersey also played a major role by recruit-

ing women to participate in these sham marriages.

By April 24, 2025, 10 individuals had been arrested, with indictments issued against four major conspirators. As a consequence, the fraudulent immigration benefits granted through these sham marriages have been revoked.

Analysis of Key Points

Marriage fraud is not merely a violation of immigration law; it is a federal crime under 8 U.S.C. § 1325(c), punishable by

up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $250,000 1. Facilitators, recruiters, and participants alike can face serious legal repercussions. In this case, the elaborate organization of fake marriages — including falsified health records and immigration paperwork — signals the level of sophistication involved.

Further research reveals that marriage fraud remains a persistent concern for immigration authorities. A 2020 report from ICE noted that an estimated 30% of all marriage-based green card applications might involve some degree of fraud 2. Past operations, like Operation Knot So Fast (2019), showed similar multi-state conspiracies, reflecting how these crimes often involve networks rather than isolated actors 3.

Notably, this case emphasizes the importance of inter-agency collaboration, particularly between USCIS, ICE, and the Diplomatic Security Service. Their combined resources enable more thorough investigations and successful prosecutions.

Legal and Immigration Implications

The dismantling of this fraud operation underscores the government’s broader efforts to protect the integrity of the U.S. immigration system. Fraudulent mar-

riages undermine public trust in legal immigration pathways and potentially open avenues for other crimes such as human trafficking or financial exploitation.

This case could lead to tighter scrutiny of marriage-based immigration petitions, more interviews, and expanded background checks. Immigration attorneys often warn clients that legitimate marriages must withstand rigorous vetting — including proving a bona fide relationship through shared finances, cohabitation, and personal testimony.

Moreover, the successful revocation of immigration benefits obtained through fraud sets an important precedent, reinforcing the consequences of circumventing lawful immigration procedures.

Conclusion

The USCIS-ICE investigation into a national marriage fraud ring represents a strong stance against immigration fraud. Through strategic inter-agency cooperation and diligent investigation, authorities dismantled a complex criminal enterprise. Future enforcement efforts will likely build upon such cases to ensure that marriage-based immigration remains a credible and lawful path for genuine couples.l

District Court Greenlights ICE-IRS Agreement, Blurring Lines Between Civil Immigration Enforcement and Criminal Investigations

BY ADRIEL OROZCO

On May 12, 2025, a federal district court allowed an unprecedented information-sharing agreement between U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to take effect. This marks the first time the IRS has formally agreed to provide taxpayer information to ICE under a memorandum of understanding.

This development comes at a time where there’s been a radical transformation of immigration enforcement in the United States. Over the past several months, the Trump administration has delegated civil immigration authority to personnel across several federal agencies not historically involved in immigration enforcement activities—including the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), the U.S. Postal Service, and the IRS—as part of an aggressive agenda to increase enforcement levels up to the point where it might be possible to deport one million immigrants per year. Now, beyond its manpower, the Trump administration is set to use the IRS’s data too.

ICE’s Efforts to Access Tax Data Reports surfaced earlier this year that ICE sought home addresses from the IRS for 700,000 people, but the request was initially rejected. Later reporting indicated that ICE was working on an agreement to locate up to 7 million taxpayers. Before they entered a formal agreement, several nonprofit organizations filed a lawsuit to prevent this information sharing from advancing.

In March, a district court denied an emergency motion for a temporary restraining order relying on the govern ment attorneys’ assurances that the IRS

would comply fully with the taxpayer confidentiality protections under Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). The judge stated she would presume the IRS “will follow Section 6103 to the letter.”

Agreement Relies on Confidentiality Exception under Section 6103(i)(2) During the litigation, the IRS and ICE entered a formal memorandum of understanding establishing the contours of an agreement to share taxpayer information. While taxpayer information is generally protected from disclosure, the MOU relies on one of 13 exceptions to bypass these safeguards.

IRC section 6103(i)(2) allows the head of a federal agency to request some taxpayer information—including name, address, and taxpayer identification number—for use in a non-tax criminal investigation or proceeding. While the MOU generally permits requests under other criminal statutes, it specifically highlights 8 U.S.C. section 1253(a)(1) as a key focus for ICE. That statute makes it a federal crime for a noncitizen to willfully fail or refuse to leave the United States within 90 days after receiving a final order of removal.

statute, ICE must first submit a written request to the IRS that includes specific details: the taxpayer’s name, address, tax year in question, the criminal statute being investigated, and an explanation of why the information is relevant to the investigation. Once ICE provides this information, the IRS will check whether the address ICE submitted matches the last known address in its records. If there is no match, the IRS will respond with “no match.” If the addresses align, the IRS will confirm and disclose the last known address. As of this writing, the agreement is limited to people ICE identifies as having a final order of removal.

Court

Ruling Allows Data Sharing to Proceed

In mid-April, the district court judge heard arguments for a preliminary injunction, which would pause the implementation of the MOU while the underlying legality of the agreement could be determined. The plaintiffs argued that ICE did not intend to use the agreement to seek information relevant to a criminal investigation, but to access information under the “guise” of section 6103(i)(2) for an unlawful purpose—mainly to locate noncitizens for civil immigration enforcement. The plaintiffs also emphasized that the IRS had a long-standing practice of not sharing information with immigration authorities.

However, the district court rejected their arguments. The judge determined that any previous policy guidance or public statements from the IRS did not categorically bar such an agreement and that the only change was that the Trump administration had merely decided to use the statutory exception. In addition, she ruled section 6103(i)(2)’s text is clear: if a valid written request meets the statutory requirements, the IRS must share address information.

“As long as the agency has a name and address,” the court noted, “it can request confirmation from the IRS to assist in a criminal investigation, and the IRS must comply.” In other words, whether ICE ever intends to file charges under 8 U.S.C. section 1253(a)(1) is irrelevant, what matters is the claim of a criminal investigation.

Agreement Blurs Distinction Between Criminal and Civil Immigration Enforcement

This agreement represents a continuing trend that blurs the lines between civil immigration enforcement and criminal investigations. Although ICE relies on a narrow confidentiality exception intended for criminal matters, the MOU’s first recital makes it clear that the agreement was entered into in furtherance of President Trump’s January 20 executive order directing the Departments of Homeland Security and State to take “immediate steps” to identify, exclude, or remove noncitizens unlawfully present in the United States.

ICE has increasingly leveraged criminal statutes to advance civil immigration goals. In March, ICE used a federal antiharboring statute to obtain a warrant to search the apartment of two Columbia students—one was a green card holder and the other was an international student—based on mischaracterizations of their status and the law. Similarly, ICE has invoked criminal statutes that make it unlawful to employ undocumented immigrants to target several businesses, using the investigation to enforce civil immigration law against the employees. In California, a U.S. attorney is touting a new taskforce made up of ICE, DEA, FBI, ATF, and Border Patrol agents. The agents scan a criminal database daily to identify arrested noncitizens in local jurisdictions the Department of Justice can federally prosecute for unlawful reentry after having been ordered removed. This effort is explicitly aimed at circumventing sanctuary policies that restrict local and state officials from cooperating with nonbinding voluntary civil immigration detainer requests, because those jurisdictions honor criminal judicial warrants.

What’s

Next?

So far, it is unclear whether any taxpayer information has been shared under the agreement. But the effects are already being felt. Immigrant communities report heightened fear and confusion around interacting with the IRS. Anecdotal reporting indicates that this fear has resulted in a decline in tax filings—an outcome that undermines voluntary compliance with the tax system.

On May 21, the plaintiff’s appealed the judge’s decision to the First Circuit Court of Appeals. While the legal challenge to the agreement is ongoing, the agreement reflects a broader trend of federal agencies exploiting legal loopholes to advance civil immigration enforcement. The precedent it sets could have lasting consequences not only for the IRS’s integrity but for the public’s trust in how the federal government collects and uses personal data.

The lawyer you hire, does make a difference!