University of Hawai‘i at Manoa School of Architecture
ARCH 743 Architecture Studio IV – Urban Design [6 cr]
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer, Professor Spring 2022, Mon & Wed 1:30 – 6:00 pm
Class Booklet
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Waikīkī beach front (Photo: Diane Moore/UHCDC)
2410 Campus Road Room 212 Honolulu, HI 96822
http://uhcdc.manoa.hawaii.edu
http://www.arch.hawaii.edu
Contents
Team 4
Team
Team
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Course Instructor & UHCDC Principal Investigator: Judith Stilgenbauer, Professor Spring 2022 ARCH 743-002 and ARCH 743-302 Students: Doctor of Architecture Candidates - Chad Bolte, Kaylen Daquioag, Kayci Kumashiro, Matthew Lawson, Eric Teeples, Hunter Wells Master of Landscape Architecture Candidates - Angelina Gomes, Rosemary Guenther, Delphine Homerowski, Markus Rodriguez, Sahar Sadeghi, Emily Sobolewski Knight
Our spring 2022 University of Hawai‘i at Manoa School of Architecture graduate-level urban design studio investigated ideas for the near- and long-term re-introduction of nature-based blue-green infrastructure systems for climate and sea level rise adaptation into the fabric of the coastal primary urban center of Honolulu. Specifically, the class focused on a mauka to makai transect through Waikīkī, reaching from the northern bank of the Ala Wai Canal to the ocean—including the federal lands surrounding Fort DeRussy (below).
Six graduate student teams, comprised of Master of Landscape Architecture and Doctor of Architecture candidates, have developed forward-looking, speculative urban design frameworks and concepts for future mixed-use that embrace open-ended, indeterminant, and dynamic environmental conditions, such as coastal flooding, rather than preventing them—all while promoting ecologically performative and culturally-appropriate “soft” solutions and learning from traditional native Hawaiian biocultural land-water practices.
The conceptual, multidisciplinary student work developed in this design studio intends to stimulate discourse and contribute to a long-term vision for a resilient and adaptive Waikīkī that merges the seemingly conflicting goals of economic development, climate and sea level rise adaptation, ecological performance, social and environmental justice, and urban placemaking into mutually beneficial, sustainable relationships.
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Course Catalog Description
Urban design focused on Asia-Pacific cities investigating ecological, hydrological, social, cultural, political, and technological factors; study of historical precedents, block and/or open space typology, circulation, infrastructure, and context response. ARCH and LAND majors only. A-F only. Prerequisites: 733 and 742, or 761.
Course Format
ARCH 743 meets twice a week in School of Architeture Room 312 on Mondays and Wednesdays from 1:30 until 6:00 pm. Individual or group critiques, pin ups, student presentations, and individual work time comprise the majority of design studio sessions. Occasional lectures, guest presentations, field trips, in-class exercises, discussions, and readings supplement these course activities. Review of student work occurs throughout the semester. Each main studio phase concludes in a presentation, with a clear emphasis on the mid-term review and final review.
Goals and Objectives
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This graduate-level urban design studio, through initial research, precedent studies, a sequence of analytical and mapping exercises, and conceptual, speculative design phases, explores urban scales, systems, and the role of landscape as infrastructure and driver of resilient urban form across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The course stresses the importance of site analysis and locale-appropriate ecological urban concepts and sustainable design strategies. Focused on nature-based solutions, the course explores how to apply climate- and seal level rise-adaptation design principles to ecologically and socially resilient urban-scale built environment interventions and mixed-use development in Hawai’i. The critical goal is to understand and apply contemporary concepts of ecological urbanism, adaptation to climate change and sea level rise (SLR), water-sensitive low-impact development (LID), large-scale nature-based blue-green infrastructure, local food and resource systems, carbon neutrality, energy efficiency, social and environmental justice, cultural appropriateness, decolonization, urban placemaking, livability, connectivity, walkability, and transit-oriented development (TOD).
UHCDC Studio Context
In 2016, the School of Architecture launched a public interest-driven community design center that engages needs of the state in all areas related to the quality and performance of built environments. The mission of the University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center (UHCDC) is to extend and augment academic research and instruction through faculty-supervised design, planning, placemaking, visioning, and outreach services of measurable benefit to the public. As a hybrid program of education and teaching practice, UHCDC offers Hawai’i a platform for faculty, professionals, and students to collaborate on interdisciplinary research and design projects that serve the public interest. This ARCH 743 studio offers students an opportunity to explore concepts related to a potential future UHCDC design research project that would contribute to an effort towards the development of a Sea Level Adaptation & Resilience Plan for the Waikīkī District. Class participants’ creative work serves as a unique academic asset, stimulates discourse, and thus supports the ongoing state-led Waikīkī resilience goals. The research and creative work generated in ARCH 743 would precede a UHCDC project team’s potential subsequent efforts. In turn, students registered in the course will gain invaluable real-world public-interest design and service experience.
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Studio Overview
Following initial research, precedent studies, urban-design-scale analysis, mapping, and planning phases, this speculative urban design studio investigates the near- and long-term re-introduction of nature-based blue-green infrastructure for climate and sea level rise adaptation. Pre-development, the project area (see page 3 above) was part of a drainage basin characterized by springs, streams (such as Pi’inaio Stream and its delta), and marsh land. Pre-Western contact, the ‘Ewa end of Waikīkī included the Hawaiian community of Kalia. It was characterized by numerous traditional fishponds (loko i’a), including the large Ka’ihkapu pond, and residences owned by native Hawaiian royalty. In 1908 the U.S. military acquired, occupied, drained, and filled a large parcel of land for the subsequent construction of Fort DeRussy. The urban design inquiry project area includes the mauka and makai banks of the Ala Wai, the canal itself, the residential and commercial areas to the north and south of Kalakaua Ave, Waikīkī Gateway Park, and a variety of facilities located on a large plat of federal land, including the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the US Post Office, Ainahau Triangle, the Kalia Road parking area, the various Hale Koa Hotel amenities (military personnel and dependents only), the U.S. Army Museum of Hawai’i, as well as Fort DeRussy park, boardwalk and beach, and the near-shore portion of the Pacific Ocean.
The class’s goal is to advocate for the anticipation of climate-crisis challenges in Waikīkī through blue-green infrastructure framework development and urban ecological design that embraces open-ended, dynamic conditions, such as coastal flooding, rather than preventing them—all while promoting nature-based, ecologically performative “soft” solutions and learning from traditional native Hawaiian biocultural land-water practices.
Comprised of graduate students in architecture and landscape architecture, the class will develop analyses, ideation, and overall long-term (6-ft SLR, anticipated ca. 2100 for the speculative purposes of this studio) visions and frameworks for sea level rise accommodation options in flood-prone areas of Waikīkī that decrease waterfront vulnerabilities by responding to inescapable shoreline changes, flooding, storm and groundwater inundation, as well as issues related to Honolulu’s aging conventional infrastructure. For the project area itself, student concepts will explore locale-appropriate, nature-based climate adaptation practices and opportunities for amphibious, blue-green infrastructure in both near-term (3-ft SLR, anticipated ca. 2050 for the purposes of this studio) and long-term (see above) visionary and bold illustrative urban design proposals. The essential drivers of urban form in these forward-looking visions will be multi-modal, non-automobile connectivity, multi-purpose coastal infrastructure systems, linked public hybrid open spaces, networks of ecological priority zones, and locale-specific, layered living shoreline systems as “soft” defense mechanisms against sea level rise and flooding, allowing for indeterminacy, increased biodiversity, improved ecosystem services, and, at the same time, education, decolonization, cultural restoration, and the creation of accessible urban waterfront amenities for all people.
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Initial ARCH 743 Research Topics:
1. State of Hawaii Office of Planning Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan and Hawaii 2050 Sustainability Plan Measurement Update
2. Summary of the State’s key climate goals and initiatives; difference between mitigation and adaptation; and State of Hawaii 2045 carbon-neutral goals and 2019 State Greenhouse Gas Inventory report
3. City and County of Honolulu Climate Change Commission guidance documents “Climate Change Brief” (2021) and “Climate Change and Financial Risk” (2020)
4. City and County of Honolulu One Climate, One Oahu Climate Action Plan 2020-2025
5. Hawaii Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report (2017) and State of Hawaii, Climate Ready Hawaii, Act 178 Relating to Sea Level Rise Adaptation: 2021 Annual Report
6. State of Hawaii, Climate Ready Hawaii “Guidance for Addressing Sea Level Rise in Community Planning in Hawai’i” (2020) and “Guidance for Using the Sea Level Rise Exposure Area in Local Planning and Permitting Decisions” (2020)
7. City and County of Honolulu Climate Change Commission guidance document “Sea Level Rise Guidance” (2018)
8. Summary of State of Hawaii Coastal Zone Management Program (CZM) & its general goals and The Hawai‘i Ocean Resources Management Plan (2020)
9. State of Hawaii, Climate Ready Hawaii Working Paper “NatureBased Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change in Hawaii” (2021)
10. City and County of Honolulu Climate Change Commission guidance document “One Water for Climate Resilience” (2020)
11. Climate Adaptation Design Principles for Urban Honolulu; City and County of Honolulu Department of Planning & Permitting, Office of Climate Change, Sustainability & Resiliency, SSFM International, and Arup (2020)
12. Transit Oriented Development (TOD) overview of concept, goals; and summary of TOD efforts and principles in Honolulu
Precedent Project Studies:
1. Chicago River Walk project, Chicago; Ross Barney Architects, Sasaki, et al., Chicago, Illinois
2. Detroit East Riverfront Framework Plan, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Michel Desvigne Paysagiste, Detroit, Michigan
3. Fayetteville 2030: Food City Scenario Plan, University of Arkansas Community Design Center, Fayetteville, North Carolina
4. Conway Urban Watershed Framework Plan (Sponge City), University of Arkansas Community Design Center, City of Conway, Arkansas
5. Gowanus Canal Sponge Park Masterplan and Gowanus Canal Sponge Park Pilot, Brooklyn, New York, dlandstudio
6. New Urban Ground, part of the MoMA 2009 Rising Currents exhibition, Architecture Research Office (ARO), dlandstudio, et al., New York, New York
7. Oyster-tecture, Brooklyn, New York, part of the MoMA 2009 Rising Currents exhibition and Living Breakwaters project, Rebuild by Design initiative, Staten Island, New York, Kate Orff, SCAPE, et al.
8. Big U, Rebuild by Design initiative, Manhattan, New York, Bjarke Ingels Group et al., and progress on implementation: LMCR and ESCR projects, current development
9.F.R.E.D. proposal, For a Resilient Rockaway competition, Leading Innovation in Resilient Waterfront Design Award, Ennead Lab / Ennead Architects
10. The South Bay Sponge, Resilient by Design, Bay Area, James Corner Field Operations
11. Coastal Resilience Solutions for East Boston and Charlestown (Climate Ready Charlestown), Stoss, Kleinfelder & ONE Architecture & Urbanism, et al., Boston, Massachusetts and Resilient Boston Harbor vision, SCAPE, et al., Boston, Massachusetts
12. Ala Wai Centennial project, After Oceanic, Sean Connelly, Honolulu, Hawaii
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Course Structure
Main studio schedule components:
Phase 1:
Initial Research (January 10 – January 19, 2022)
What are urban design and landscape urbanism? Climate crisis, SLR, native Hawaiian land-water concepts. Readings, research, exercises, discussions, and presentations
Phase 2:
Precedent Studies (January 19 – January 26, 2022)
Precedent research on urban climate-adaptation design, living shorelines/nature-based solutions, and carbon-neutral urban design; research, discussions, and presentations
Phase 3:
Site Mapping and Analysis (January 26 - February 14, 2022)
Site visit and research, inventory, mapping, and analysis; ideation
Phase 4:
Urban Framework Concepts (February 14 - March 9, 2022: mid-term review).
Waikīkī and overall site concepts and programs; development over time; urban framework plans
Phase 5:
Urban Design for Focus Areas (March 14 - April 13, 2022)
Detailed schematic urban design proposals for selected focus areas and disciplinary areas of expertise
Phase 6:
Presentation Material Development (April 18 – May 4, 2022: final review)
Refinement of plans, concepts, and programs; preparation of digital presentations for final
Phase 7:
Documentation (May 4 – May 11, 2022)
Compilation of digital portfolio/ class booklet pages
Pages 13 to 103 of this booklet feature selected excerpts of the six student teams’ final, specualtive urban design projects (phases 4 & 5). For additional course and/or project information, please email the instructor, Professor Judith Stilgenbauer, at jstilg@hawaii.edu.
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Aquaculture and Agriculture
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Addimage(s)
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Hawaiian Land Division
Urban Figure-ground Map
Public Landowners
Site analysis excerpt; image: Eric Teeples
Site analysis excerpt; image: Eric Teeples
Site analysis excerpt; image: Kaylen Daquioag and Hunter Wells
Site analysis excerpt; image: Kaylen Daquioag and Hunter Wells
The Project Site
The site and its context
As mentioned above, the class focused on a mauka to makai transect through Waikīkī, reaching from the northern bank of the Ala Wai Canal to the ocean—including the federal lands surrounding Fort DeRussy. Pre-development, the studio project area (also see page 3 above) was part of a drainage basin characterized by springs, streams, such as Pi’inaio Stream, and swamp land. Pre-Western contact, the ‘Ewa end of Waikīkī was part of the Hawaiian community of Kalia. It was characterized by numerous traditional fishponds (loko i’a) surrounded and residences owned by native Hawaiian royalty. In 1908 the U.S. military acquired, occupied, drained, and filled a large parcel of land for the subsequent construction of Fort DeRussy.
The project area included the mauka and makai banks of the Ala Wai, part of the canal itself, the residential and commercial areas to the north and south of Kalakaua Ave, Waikīkī Gateway Park, and a variety of facilities located on a 72-acre plat of federal land (2066 Kalia Rd), including the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the US Post Office, Ainahau Triangle, the Kalia Road parking area, the various Hale Koa Hotel amenities (military personnel and dependents only), the U.S. Army Museum of Hawai’i, as well as Fort DeRussy park, boardwalk and beach, and the near-shore portion of the Pacific Ocean.
SIX FEET OF SEA LEVEL RISE
Our Site Within Waikīkī
THREE FEET OF SEA LEVEL RISE
Our Site Within Waikīkī
6-ft SLR impact; image: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
3-ft SLR impact; image: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
General project goals and land use parameters explored by students:
Climate-crisis and SLR anticipation and preparedness
Enhancing coastal resilience through adaptive, urban ecological design and nature-based solutions
Adaptation strategies for existing urban infrastructure (transportation, sewer, water, energy facilities, etc.)
Large-scale coastal green infrastructure/ living shorelines and open space networks
Water-sensitive low-impact development
Ecosystem performance, water quality, habitat, biodiversity
Adaptive multi-purpose infrastructural systems
Carbon neutrality, clean energy
Mixed use development, including affordable housing
Waterfront amenities, public access
Recreational and water-based activities
Pedestrian, transit, water, and bicycle connectivity; walkability
Alternate, clean forms of transportation connecting to rail and TOD
Urban placemaking, livability
Productive landscape elements; urban agriculture; resource management
Modern interpretations of traditional Hawaiian bio-cultural land-water practices and applications
Cultural sensitivity and history of place; decolonization
Green jobs and eco tourism
Beaches of the future
Public works initiatives
Environmental and social equity and justice; jobs; social services
Etc.
Flooding and inundation vulnerabilities of coastal area that students were asked to consider:
Saltwater inundation (SLR, increased wave overtopping, hurricane/ storm surges, tsunami)
Salt intrusion/potable water contamination (freshwater changes/water table rise, effect on low-lying agriculture and aquatic ecosystems)
Erosion of shorelines and beaches
Ground water inundation resulting from SLR
Habitat shifts (coral reefs, wetlands, etc.)
Ecological impacts
Stormwater management (storm sewers), increased flooding in low-lying areas, drainage problems, streets becoming impassable, etc.
Release and leaching of pollutants at contaminated sites, landfills, etc.
Sewers, cesspools, storm sewers, energy facilities, transportation systems, and other critical urban infrastructure
Existing building stock and critical building systems
Public access to shoreline and non-automobile connectivity
Vulnerable populations, public health impacts
Etc.
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Urban Design Parameters and Shared Assumptions
Near-term, 2050 assumptions (for the speculative purposes of this studio):
• 3-ft sea level rise (SLR) plus other coastal hazards (groundwater inundation, hurricane/storm surge, flooding, tsunami, etc.); increased ocean temperatures. Other anticipated climate-crisis effects. How does the project site adapt in innovative and resilient ways?
• Proposed programs and uses will produce net-zero emissions and be carbon neutral.
• No more individual, fossil-fuel/combustion engine vehicles permitted in Waikīki; shared, autonomous electric vehicles only, future electric public transit, water-based transportation, connections to rail; multi-use paths, walkability and bikes; public waterfront access.
• The project site and its surrounding Waikīki neighborhoods, land, and water bodies begin to adapt and perform ecologically, provide ecosystem services (water, soil, air, etc.), and promote habitat, biodiversity, and productive and cultural practices.
• Residents begin to live, work, recreate at or near the site.
Long-term, 2100 assumptions (for the speculative purposes of this studio):
• 6-ft sea level rise (SLR) plus other, more severe and frequent coastal hazards (groundwater inundation, hurricane/ storm surge, flooding, etc.); increased ocean temperatures; other anticipated climate-crisis effects. How does the proposed mixed-use model neighborhood function in innovative and resilient ways?
• Honolulu, Waikīki, and the proposed resilient mixed-use neighborhood will be climate-positive and, where possible, comprised of decentralized, self-sufficient off-grid systems (energy, water, sewage, waste, food, etc.).
• No individual automobiles are allowed in Waikīkī, only shared, autonomous renewable/electric vehicles, future electric public transit, water-based transportation, etc.; consider connections to rail and mauka neighborhoods; multi-use paths, walkability and bikes; public waterfront access.
• The proposed neighborhood’s open spaces, shorelines, and water systems perform ecologically, provide ecosystem services (water, soil, air, etc.), and promote habitat, biodiversity, food security, and cultural practices.
• Social equity; jobs; social services; the majority residents live, work, recreate within walking distance.
Basic design strategies for SLR and coastal flooding to explore and combine in urban design proposals:
LINEAR BARRIERS
Hard, engineered infrastructure systems that armor and stabilize the shoreline; examples: impermeable structures, levees, dikes, seawalls, riprap, dams, flood gates, storm surge barriers, etc.
LIVING SHORELINES
Soft, nature-based green infrastructure solutions; examples: wetlands, tidal marshes, other living coastal buffers that rely on ecosystem services and increase the distance between water and development, retain/absorb inundation, attenuate waves, slow erosion, provide habitat.
ADAPTATION
Elevated development; examples: raising the height of land, infrastructure, and built structures, using fill or pilings
Floodable development; examples: structures/landscapes designed to withstand occasional inundation; elevated critical infrastructure Floating development; examples: floating buildings and infrastructure; elements are designed with fluctuating water levels in mind
MANAGED RETREAT
Withdrawal of development from the shoreline over time through managed abandonment of areas subject to frequent inundation; examples: structures designed for disassembly; conversion of abandoned areas into floodable, living shoreline elements, etc.
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Student Team:
Delphine Homerowski, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate
Matthew Lawson, Doctor of Architecture Candidate
Project Title:
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Context response
Significant wetland ecosystems can be found around the island of Oahu, and around the Hawaiian Islands chain. Prior to the construction of the Ala Wai Canal in the 1920s, Waikiki and the south shore of Oahu accounted for one of those thriving marsh and wetland ecosytems. This project proposes to use the foundation of this historical precedent and re-create a contemporary interpretation of the area’s original ecosystem.
Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
The overall vision is to connect the built environment and ecology to create a form of self-sustaining urbanism.
This vision is based on three primary principles:
• Sustainable built environment
• Human scale urbanism
• Ecological services
Five primary design goals guide the project. Floodability to embrace water dynamics, integration of ecosystem services for performance, vertical design to reduce the urban footprint, water-sensitive development for hazard mitigation, and reuse of materials and resources for a zero waste approach.
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Proposed design concept
One primary element of the overall urban design is the marshland and sponge park, designed primarily to act as buffer against rising sea levels and to absorb possible flooding and storm surges, but also to serve as a recreational zone for residents and visitors. The mixed-use residential area would create a variety of public and semipublic spaces for residents to enjoy, supported by water-sentitive development solutions such as bioswales and living machines to address water collection and water treatment needs on site. Existing uses such as the resort area would be maintained, adapted, and made public.
Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Cut and fill analysis of the proposed design
New circulation pathways and access
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
Proposed hydrological systems
Proposed zoning
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Phase I
This phase would be implemented in the short-term to prepare for 1-2 feet of sea-level rise
Phase II
This near-term phase would prepare the area for 3 feet of sea-level rise
Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
Phase III
This final, long-term phase allows for 6 feet of sea-level rise
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Site diagram indicating units per acre and average Floor Area Ratios for each of the four clusters on site
Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson
Instructor:
Judith Stilgenbauer
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
Perspective rendering looking down over the mixed-use cluster focusing on “naturalization” and pedestrian and bicycle circulation (mauka and closest to the marsh)
ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Isometric diagram depicting the mixed-use cluster and various ways buildings can be sustainably outfitted; each building can perform some or all of these functions
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson
Single-loading buildings facilitates passive cooling for all residents while still allowing the comfort and familiarity of a lanai
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
responsible and productive water usage
fostering community
Hydroponic systems in each building create
while
Rooftop gardens can contribute both to community and ecological sustainability
Photovoltaics can produce energy year-round, reducing reliance on fossil fuels
Birds-eye view of the proposed design
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
Birds-eye view of the proposed design highlighting ecosystem services. ARCH 743 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Detailed
Student
isometric view of the northern part of the urban sponge park (top). Section view of the park and urban sponge edge (bottom).
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
team: Delphine Homerowski and Matthew Lawson
Connecting Urbanism and Ecology
Detailed isometric view of the southern part of the urban sponge park (top). Section view of the larger habitat island (bottom).
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Student Team:
Hunter Wells, Doctor of Architecture Candidate
Markus A. Rodriguez, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate
Project Title:
Urban Ecological Network
URBAN ECOLOGICAL NETWORK
Goal:
Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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1) Connectivity 2) Ecological Restoration
Human Scale
4) Interconnected Density 5) Water Management
Student
Existing sanitary and storm sewer conduit map
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Site context program overview (island scale)
team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
Existing land-use overview
Existing urban issues
Existing Urban Issues
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
3’ SLR Map
6’ SLR Map
Phase 1 with 3’ SLR
Phase 2 with 6’ SLR
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Urban Network Focus Area Plan
Urban Network Focus Area Plan
Program Summary Axon
Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Residential + Mixeduse
Current Density
1,800 people
64 DU/acre
Proposed Density
4,000 people
200 DU/acre
Semi-Private Green Space
Shared backyards for apartment residents
Roughly 11 acres
Walkable CIrculation
Water Taxi
Main Boulevard
Connecting Avenues
Leisure Boardwalk
Program
Urban Ecological Network
Residential Isometric
Residential Longitudinal Section
Residential Perpendicular Section
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Residential Isometric
Residential Longitudinal Section
Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Residential Perpendicular Section
Urban Ecological Network
Mixed-Use Isometric
Mixed-Use Isometric
Mixed-Use Residential Section
Student
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
Planting palette
Planting palette and fauna
Landscape architectural focus
Isometric & section locations
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Long cross section
Isometric
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
lower salt tolerance ADA acessible pathways
Birds-eye view render
Student team: Hunter Wells and Markus A. Rodriguez
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Student Team:
Emily Sobolewski Knight, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate
Eric Teeples, Doctor of Architecture Candidate
Project Title:
Redefining Productive
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for
REDEFINING PRODUCTIVE
A Closed-loop Climate-positive Community in Waikīkī
Calling upon the historic productivity of Kalia in a revitalized way, redefining productive means focusing on water collection, filtration, and desalination, onsite clean energy, food growth and distribution, new forms of transporation, waste management, and a holistic approach to ecology.
Historic fish ponds, streams and springs
Historic agricultural land
Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Map of Waikīkī’s historic productive fish ponds and ag land
WATER
Tapping into water resources from the sky, the watershed, and pumped hydro reverse osmosis systems, an emphasis is placed on water reuse and utilizing saltwater as a resource.
ENERGY
Using the sun as the source of energy, the buildings incorporate pumped hydro systems for the generation of green energy at night when no sun is available.
FOOD
Edible trees, ag land plots, vertical hydroponics, and fishponds contribute to the food needs of the community, while still integrating spaces for recreation.
ECOLOGY
The reintegration of native ecosystems through the planting of trees, incorporation of wetlands, and living shorelines help tie the site together.
Above: Guiding principles for design; Below: Conceptual closed-loop communities in Waikīkī
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Water and energy system diagram
Water and food system diagram
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Proposed contour plan for the site
Proposed new zoning for the site
Cut and fill plan for the site
Proposed modes of circulation for the site
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Near-term phase of site adaptations
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
New circulation way through residential
Living shoreline implemented along Ala Wai
Edible forests planted
Public water transit system added to multimodal options for pedestrians
Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Saltwater Fishponds
Wetlands
Inlet bay ecosystem created
Battery Randolph converted to market
Orchard-park
Freshwater fishponds
Vertical hydroponics and grocery
Blackwater treatment
Saltwater fishpond
Public resort Wetlands
Long-term phase of site adaptations
Recreation waterfront
Mixed-use residential Bridge across Ala Wai
Civic building with traversable green roof Ag land
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Trade Winds
Sun and wind patterns shaped the building orientation of the productive mixed-use residential and vertical farms
View looking from the shaded commercial space under residential toward the programmed lawn space and pedestrian circulation routes
View from 3rd floor residential roof garden looking toward programmed lawn, productive coconut grove, and vertical farm
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Isometric
Isometric transect showing proposed water’s edge and boat launch on the Ala Wai and rendering looking at boat launch, living shoreline and residential
Public transportation boat dock Elevated multimodal way
Multi-use space below
Living shoreline
Sun and water collection on roofs and facades
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Isometric transect and section of the proposed agricultural design of the site
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Isometric transect and section of the proposed orchard park design of the site
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Isometric transect and section of the proposed coastal design of the site
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Emily Sobolewski Knight and Eric Teeples
Site overview aerial view with callouts for open space programming
Edible orchard Agricultural fields
Water treatment
Wetland park
Freshwater fishpond
Terraced waterfront
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Student Team:
Kayci Kumashiro, Doctor of Architecture Candidate
Angelina Gomes, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate
Project Title:
Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways
Overview of the proposed long-term urban design
3-ft sea level rise plan
0’ 500’ 1, 000’
1” = 1,000’
Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways
Proposed near-term, 3-ft SLR scenario
SCALE
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
6-ft sea level rise plan
Proposed long-term, 6-ft SLR scenario
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Kayci Kumashiro & Angelina Gomes
SCALE 1” = 1,000’
Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways
View of main water taxi stop
Storefront and public walkway area with view of the canal with water taxi stop
View of water catchment and solar covers
COMMON BIRDS
COMMON BIRDS
COMMON BIRDS
Great barracuda
WETLAND BIRDS
COMMON BIRDS
COMMON BIRDS
WETLAND BIRDS
WETLAND BIRDS
WETLAND BIRDS
The proposed fishpond is located in the lower part of the agriculture area and surrounded by wetland edges that filter the water
WHITE FAIRY TERN
WETLAND BIRDS
WHITE FAIRY
The lower half of the area is comprised of agriculture and wetland
‘O’opunaniha
Hawaiian Flagtail
Mallard duck
Koloa
Hawaiian Stilt
Manu-o-Kū
‘Alae ‘Ula
WHITE FAIRY TERN
WHITE FAIRY TERN
‘O‘opu akupa
‘O‘opunaniha ‘Ama‘ama
Hawaiian flagtail
Diagram showcasing the flow of water through the site
Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways
BRIDGE FUNCTION
A total of 8 proposed bridges throughout the site include water catchment and solar covers
BRIDGE FUNCTION
illustrating water catchment
AlaWaiCanal
HaustenDitch
Diagram
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for
Project Urban Waikīkī + Waterways
View of main water taxi stop
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Student Team:
Rosemary Guenther, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate
Chad Bolte, Doctor of Architecture Candidate
Project Title:
The Organ of Waikīkī
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Design framework: water features
Design framework: proposed mixed useWells
Design framework: primary circulation
Design framework: proposed recreational spaceser sWells
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte
Section through riparian park at 6-ft SLR showing the gradient of programming
The three guilding principles of this project dictate design strategy priorities
The Organ of Waikīkī
Riparian park at 6-ft SLR allowing the natural stream processes of erosion and accretion to occur
Spaces of connection between people and the treatment of water
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Student team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte
Section of a typical shared green street
Section detail of the floodable arts & cultural plaza
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Proposed long-term aquaculture and commercial spaces north of the Ala Wai Canal
Student
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
team: Rosemary Guenther and Chad Bolte
ROSEMARY GUENTHER // CHAD BOLTE
Section A - A
Boardwalks mauka of the Ala Waier sWells
Aquaculture components sWells
Section B - B
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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Student Team:
Kaylen Daquioag, Doctor of Architecture Candidate
Sahar Sadeghi, Master of Landscape Architecture Candidate
Project Title: Living Waikīkī
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
0
Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Apuakehau
Kuekaunahi
Apuakehau
Kuekaunahi
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE + ECOLOGY
implementing performative landscapes to help filter and dissipate stormwater and inundation effects.
Such as...
• Green belt
• Living shorlines
• Wetlands...
CULTIVATING FOOD
STRENGTHENING COMMUNITY GREEN TRANSPORTATION
providing agricultural plots and fields for food production opportunitites.
Such as...
• Agriculture plots
• Lo`i fields
• Orchards...
Guiding principles developed based on past, current, and future conditions
providing communal living, and common spaces for interaction between generations.
Such as...
• Community housing
• Public spaces
• Job opportunities...
implementing public and multimodal transportation options.
Such as...
• Electric tram • Bicycle
• Pedestrian paths...
Retrofitted
WAIKIKI 2100 6’ SLR
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Landscape design proposal with section cut marked
Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
PROPOSED LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Section A key: a perpendecular section through the site, including lo’i kalo, proposed canal, agricultural fields, engineered wetland, and tree belt
SECTION 1: LO`I FIELD + CANAL
Section 1: lo’i kal and its relationship to the canal edge and varying sea levels in the canal
SC: 1”= 128’ FT
Salvinia molesta Giant Salviana
Vallisneria americana Tape grass
Spartina alterniflora Cordgrass
Pandanus odoratissimus Hala tree
Colocasia esculenta Kalo
Coccoloba uvifera Seagrape
SC: 1”= 16’ FT
Section A key: a perpendecular section through the site, including lo’i kalo, proposed canal, agricultural fields, engineered wetland, and tree belt
Section 2: proposed canal, elevated walkway, and part of the agricultural fields
SECTION 2: AGRICULTURAL PLOTS
Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
SC: 1”= 128’ FT
Vallisneria americana Tape grass
Salvinia molesta Giant Salviana Spartina alterniflora Cordgrass
Coccoloba uvifera Seagrape
Solanum tuberosum Potato
Daucus carota Carrot
SC: 1”= 16’ FT
Section A key: a perpendecular section through the site, including lo’i kalo, proposed canal, agricultural fields, engineered wetland, and tree belt
SECTION 3: ENGINEERED WETLAND
Section 3: engineered wetland, two small ecological patches in the wetland, and the tree belt
SC: 1”= 128’ FT
Typha Domingensis Southern cottail
Salvinia molesta Giant Salviana
Stuckenia pectinata Pondweed
Typha Domingensis Southern cottail
Thespesia populnea Milo tree
Partocarpus altilis Breadfruit,`Ulu
SC: 1”= 16’ FT
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSES
Strategies in response to climate change and energy conservation
Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
Proposed salt tolerant trees and wetland species, which are all productive
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Perspective 1: agricultural park, tree belt, and engineered wetland
Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
AGRICULTURE PLOTS + TREE BELT
ORCHARD PERSPECTIVE
Perspective 2: orchard, relationship with park users, and the Ala Wai Canal
Section B key: perpendecular section through the site showing residential apartments, commercial plaza, and linear park
Section 1: residential housing, courtyard and communal spaces within
Section B key: perpendecular section through the site showing residential apartments, commercial plaza, and linear park
Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
SC: 1”= 16’ FT SECTION 2: COMMERCIAL PLAZA
Section
Section B key: perpendecular section through the site showing residential apartments, commercial plaza, and linear park
SC: 1”= 16’ FT
SECTION 3: LINEAR PARK + ALA WAI CANAL
1”= 128’ FT
Section 3: community garden, recreation spaces, and linear park along Ala Wai Canal’s edge
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
Perspective 1: commercial plaza, people mover, and flexible open space
Student team: Kaylen Daquioag and Sahar Sadeghi
Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
PLAZA PERSPECTIVE
PLAZA RESIDENTIALPERSPECTIVEPERSPECTIVE
Perspective 2: residential housing courtyard to enhance communication between generations
Nature-based Climate Adaptation Design Concepts for Waikīkī
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Instructor: Judith Stilgenbauer
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