SPRAYTEC MAGAZINE ING

EDITORIAL Welcome to Spraytec Global Corporate Magazine!

My name is Diego Parodi, president of Spraytec, and I am pleased to introduce our corporate communication medium to you. Here, you will find news, information, among other relevant content about innovative solutions for agriculture, as well as topics related to our people, the cornerstone of our work.

The recipients of this new way of communicating are our dear customers, distributors, and all our friends connected in some way to the Spraytec family, and to make this happen, all our communication will be available in different languages.

Spraytec Global is also an interactive platform for you. We invite you to actively participate, share your experiences, and ask questions. We value your opinion and aim to build a strong community where we can all learn and grow together.

In this first edition: • In Ternopil, alongside Yuriy Alatortsev, representative of Spraytec in Ukraine, to visit one of their major clients.

• We show you the Svalbard Global Seed Vault.

• Meet Marcelo del Barro, our man in Australia.

• Our territorial roots: in this edition, the province of Santa Fe, Argentina.

• The technical reference of this edition is: Corn and Wheat Nutrition with Innovative Technologies. By: Agustín Bianchini - Research and Development at Spraytec Fertilizers and Okandú.

• We share images from our tour across the United States.

• We interview Kevin Matthews, a farmer from Yadkin County, who achieves corn yields exceeding 300 bushels per acre.

We hope that Spraytec Global becomes an enriching tool for everyone, where we can strengthen bonds and work together towards a prosperous future in this mission to feed the world.

Thank you for being a part of the Spraytec family!

Sincerely, Diego Parodi President of Spraytec

Editorial

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Investigation Corn and wheat nutrition with innovative technologies By: Agustín Bianchini

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SUMMARY

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Report Svalbard Seed Bank By: Nuala Szler

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Identikit

Visiting clients

Marcelo Del Barro

Agroprodservice, the ukrainian giant By: Diego Peydro

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Territorials roots Santa Fe

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Interview with Kevin Matthews “We are primarily a no-till farm.”

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Snapshots Producción General: Horizonte A ediciones

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Corn and wheat nutrition with Agustín Bianchini Research and Development, Spraytec Fertilizers and Okandú

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n recent years, the adoption of no-till farming as a production system has allowed farmers to achieve higher and more stable yields. The main reasons for this difference are improved soil structure, increased organic matter content, and enhanced water infiltration and retention capacity.

Soil fertility and crop nutrition have been crucial factors in agricultural crop production in our country. Proper crop nutrition optimizes the efficiency of resources (soil, water) and inputs used in production. Understanding and addressing crop nutrient deficiencies allows for adjustments in management practices, specifically fertilization, to achieve maximum economic yields. In a high-production system, the nutritional requirements of crops increase, making it essential to design a fertilization strategy that efficiently utiliz-

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innovative te

es the available environmental resources.

Available nutrients generally limit production, and it is necessary to understand the crop’s requirements and soil nutrient supply to determine fertilization needs.

Traditionally, the fertilization strategy involved applying nutrients at planting or during the development of each crop in the rotation. The quantities of nutrients to be applied were based on different criteria.

The “sufficiency level” criterion establishes that there is a nutrient level below which fertilization response occurs, and each crop is fertilized with the optimal dose according to the level of each nutrient.

However, recently, new fertilizer products have been developed that combine macro

and micronutrients with phytostimulants in their formulation, and they have shown excellent performance in major crops.

In this article, we compile the results of several research studies conducted in Argentina, which evaluated some of these new technologies for the nutrition of corn and wheat crops.

Seed treatments in corn The experiment was conducted by Okandú in the town of Los Surgentes, Marcos Juárez Department, Córdoba Province. The hybrid used was AX 7761, planted on 29/09/2021 at a density of 75,000 seeds/ ha.

The treatments were applied at sowing and consisted of:

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echnologies

while the use of TopZn Max, applied at V6, resulted in a response of 585 kg/ha.

The use of TopSeed as a seed treatment promotes faster initial growth of roots and coleoptiles, resulting in better crop establishment. A deeper root system allows for exploration of a larger soil volume, extracting water and nutrients, leading to increased dry matter accumulation and higher grain yield.

•

Control, with the producer’s seed treatment

The treatments were applied at sowing and consisted of:

•

Producer’s seed treatment + TopSeed at 300 cm3/100 kg seed

•

Control, with the producer’s seed treatment

•

Producer’s seed treatment + TopSeed at 300 cm3/100 kg seed

•

TopZn Max at 200 cm3/ ha, applied at V6.

Seed treatments in wheat

Figure 2 shows the corn yield with the different treatments.

The application of TopSeed as a seed treatment increased corn yield by 1,420 kg/ha,

The wheat trials for 2022/23 were conducted by CREA Región Litoral Sur in the town of La Paz, Entre Ríos Province.

The variety used was Ceibo, planted on 05/07/.

Figure 1 shows the corn yield.

The application of TopSeed as a seed treatment increased corn yield by 418 kg/ha. Despite severe water stress during the season, the response was significant.

Another experiment was conducted by Surcos Consultora in the town of Fauzón, 9 de Julio District, Buenos Aires Province. The hybrid used was DK 7272 VT3PRO, planted on 23/09/2021 at a density of 75,000 seeds/ha.

Figure 1 Early corn yield 2021/22 in Los Surgentes, with seed treatments.

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Fertilization technology for corn and wheat has been studied, and a high frequency of lots with low nutrient levels is observed, so best fertilizer management practices should be adopted.

The treatments were applied at sowing and consisted of: •

Untreated control

•

Control with Sistiva seed treatment (Sistiva 75 cm3 + Premis 25 cm3 / 100 kg of seed)

•

Sistiva seed treatment + TopSeed at 300 cm3/100 kg of seed.

Figure 3 shows the wheat yield with the different treatments.

The application of TopSeed as a seed treatment increased

Figure 2 Corn yield 2021/22 in Fauzón, with seed and foliar treatments (V6).

Figura 3 Wheat yield 2022/23 in La Paz, with seed treatments.

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yield by 965 kg/ha compared to the untreated control, and by 800 kg/ha compared to the Sistiva + Premis treatment.

These seed treatments are considered the best for wheat cultivation. The yield response demonstrates the excellent synergistic effect that TopSeed exhibits with traditional seed treatments.

Foliar treatments in corn The experiment was conducted by Okandú in the town of Inriville, Marcos Juárez Department, Córdoba Province.

The hybrid used was AX 7761, planted on 05/10/2018 at a density of 99,000 seeds/ha.

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The treatments were applied when the crop was at V4-V6 growth stage and consisted of: 1) Untreated control, 2) Herbicide treatment with 1 kg/ha of atrazine (90%) + 100 cm3/ha of Topramezone (Convey), and 3) Herbicide treatment with 1 kg/ha of atrazine (90%) + 100 cm3/ha of Topramezone (Convey) + 200 cm3/ha of TopZn. The corn yield for the different treatments is shown in Figure 4. The application of herbicide resulted in a yield reduction

of 306 kg/ha. However, when TopZn was added to the herbicide treatment, the corn yield showed a positive response of 287 kg/ha compared to the untreated control.

The treatments were applied at V4-V6 growth stage and consisted of: 1) Untreated control, 2) 200 cm3/ha of TopZn Max, and 3) 4 lts/ha of Absortec Copper.

Another experiment was conducted by Ensayar in the towns of Chacabuco, Junín, and Rojas in the northern region of Buenos Aires Province. The hybrid used was DK 7220 VT4PRO (used in all three locations), planted between 23/09/2021 and 04/10/2021 at a density of 78,000 seeds/ha.

Figure 5 illustrates the average yield response in corn after application of 200 cm3/ha of TopZinc Max and 4 lts/ha of Absortec Copper. None of the treatments negatively affected the crop, with no reduction in biomass or phytotoxicity observed through multiple evaluations. The yield results

Figure 5 Figure 4 Early corn yield 2018/19 in Inriville, with foliar treatments at V4-V6.

Average corn yield (kg/ha) after application of TopZinc Max (200 cm3/ha) and Absortec Copper (4 lts/ha) at V4-V6. Trials conducted in Chacabuco, Junín, and Rojas (Bs. As.) by Ensayar (Eng. Paolo De Luca) in 2021/22.

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Table 1 Wheat yield in trials in northern Buenos Aires.

Treatments in Tillering (M) + Leaf Flag (HB)

Yield (kg/ha)

M: Herbicida (H) HB: Fungicida (F)

4475

M: H + Absortec 1 l/ha HB: F + Fulltec 100 cm3/ha

4557

82

1.8

90

M: H + Fulltec 100 cm3/ha HB: F + Absortec 1 l/ha

4753

278

6.2

92

M: H + Absortec 2 l/ha HB: F + Fulltec 100 cm3/ha

4498

23

0.5

95

M: H + Fulltec 100 cm3/ha HB: F + Absortec 2 l/ha

4754

279

6.2

90

were conclusive, showing a difference of +396 kg/ha for TopZn Max and +329 kg/ha for Absortec Copper. This significant increase in yield is attributed to the addition of Zn and N at an important growth stage and is complemented by the application technology within the formulation.

Figure 5. Average corn yield (kg/ha) after application of TopZinc Max (200 cm3/ha) and Absortec Copper (4 lts/ ha) at V4-V6. Trials conducted in Chacabuco, Junín, and Rojas (Bs. As.) by Ensayar (Eng. Paolo De Luca) in 2021/22.

Foliar treatments in wheat The experiment was conducted by Lucrecia Couretot and colleagues at INTA Pergamino

Figure 6 Barley yield (kg/ha) after application of fungicide + 4 l/ha of Absortec Copper. Trial conducted in French (9 de Julio, Bs. As.) by Surcos Consultora (Ing. Silvina Mari) in 2021/22.

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Difference with Performance witness Defoliation (%) increase (%) (kg/ha) 95

Experimental Field, Buenos Aires Province. The variety used was DM Ceibo, planted on 20/06/2018 with a row spacing of 20 cm, and the previous crop was soybean.

The treatments were applied at tillering and flag leaf stages and consisted of: 1) Tillering (T): herbicide (H), and flag leaf (FL): fungicide (F) (500 cm3/ ha of Rubric); 2) T: H + 1 l/ha of Absortec, FL: F + 100 cm3/ ha of Fulltec; 3) T: H + 100 cm3/ha of Fulltec, FL: F + 1 l/ ha of Absortec; 4) T: H + 2 l/ha of Absortec, FL: F + 100 cm3/ ha of Fulltec; 5) T: H + 100 cm3/ha of Fulltec, FL: F + 2 l/ ha of Absortec.

All treatments effectively controlled yellow rust and tan spot compared to the untreated control. However, the fungicide used had a low to moderate efficacy in controlling foliar diseases, and it would have been necessary to make two fungicide applications due to the predisposing conditions for foliar disease progression.

The wheat yield for the different treatments is shown in Table 1. Although no statistically significant differences in yield were determined among the treatments (p>0.005), there were agronomic differences. The treatments that

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showed the best responses were those where fungicide + Absortec Copper were applied at the flag leaf stage, resulting in a yield increase of 278 and 279 kg/ha for the doses of 1 l and 2 l/ha, respectively. These yield increases were associated with the treatments maintaining a greater remaining green leaf area at harvest.

Foliar treatments in barley

The experiment was conducted by Surcos Consultora in 12 de Octubre, 9 de Julio District, Buenos Aires Province. The variety used was ACA Sinfonía planted with a row spacing of 17.5 cm, and the previous crop was corn.

The treatments were applied at Z 3.2 (second visible node) and Z 3.9 (flag leaf), and they were as follows: 1) Control without fungicide at Z3.2 and

Z3.9, 2) Control without fungicide at Z 3.2 and Cripton Fungicide (triazole + strobilurin) 700 cm3/ha at Z 3.9, 3) Cripton Fungicide (triazole + strobilurin) 700 cm3/ha + TopZn 200 cm3/ha at Z 3.2, and Cripton Fungicide (triazole + strobilurin) 700 cm3/ha + Cubo 200 cm3/ha at Z 3.9, and 4) Cripton Fungicide (triazole + strobilurin) 700 cm3/ ha + TopZn 200 cm3/ha at Z 3.2, and Cripton Fungicide (triazole + strobilurin) 700 cm3/ ha + Absortec Copper 4 lts/ha at Z 3.9.

Figure 6 shows the yield response to fungicide treatments in barley. The results highlight a significant yield increase of 614 kg/ha with TopZn Max + Absortec Copper, and 215 kg/ ha with TopZn Max + Cubo.

None of the treatments negatively affected the crop, with no reduction in biomass or phytotoxicity observed through multiple evaluations.

Final comments Fertilization technology for corn and wheat has been studied, and a high frequency of low nutrient levels in lots has been observed, highlighting the need to adopt best fertilizer management practices.

The new fertilizer technologies (macro and micronutrients + phytostimulants) have shown excellent results. The adoption of these innovative products by producers and technicians allows for increased crop yields and makes businesses more profitable and sustainable.

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IDENTIKIT 1- What led you to make the decision to move away from your place of origin?

In 2014, living and working in New Zealand for 10 months was eye-opening for me. I experienced a better quality of life, fewer difficulties, and greater prospects for the future. This experience led me to consider moving away.

In 2019, the opportunity to work in Australia for Spraytec presented itself, allowing me to grow professionally and live in a country that met my expectations. Although it was difficult to leave loved ones and adjust to a new culture, the desire for a more fulfilling and carefree life overcame my fears.

2- How did you adapt to the new culture and lifestyle?

Adapting to a new culture and

MARC lifestyle has been challenging. Unfamiliar language, customs, and activities have required adjustments. However, I have found positive aspects in my new environment. Life becomes simpler and more efficient. Procedures are fast and can be done online.

Public spaces and buildings are well-kept and clean. This attention to detail creates a welcoming atmosphere. As I interact with the local people and participate in social activities, I gradually integrate.

I have learned to appreciate and embrace the best of this new culture and lifestyle.

3- How do you stay connected with your loved ones who are far away?

Through messaging applications and video calls, I can maintain close communication with them, shortening the physical distance. Due to

Born in Rosario, Argentina, I have been involved in agriculture my entire life. Graduated from the National University of Rosario as an Agricultural Engineer, I have acquired skills in consulting, sales and management. I enjoy visiting farmers, understanding their operation, and providing recommendations.

Spraytec offered me the opportunity to expand its global presence into the Australian market. Promoting new chemistry has been both challenging and rewarding, and I’m excited to see how we evolve. Outside of work, I enjoy being active, playing soccer and paddle tennis, and I can never say no to a barbecue with friends.

the remoteness and the cost of airfare, family visits are not as frequent as you would like. However, I was lucky to have my family visit me last February, a very special experience. Also, they are planning to visit me again next year, which makes me excited and overjoyed.

4- How have you developed your support network in your new environment?

In my new environment, I became part of a close-knit community of Argentines in Perth, which became my support network. My Argentine friends are like family here. We spend a lot of time together, share moments of joy, and support each other through the challenges of living in a foreign country.

Our social gatherings are meaningful; we organize barbecues and share mate to connect with our roots.

In addition to the Argentine community, I have also met people of different nationalities and cultures, expanding my social circle and building relationships based on common interests.

5- What has been your biggest professional challenge and how did you overcome it?

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CELO My biggest professional challenge in Australia has been facing a highly competitive environment. However, I have overcome it through constant learning and growth. My academic training as an Agricultural Engineer and an MBA gave me a solid foundation. Also, my years of experience in different areas in Argentina helped me adapt and acquire new knowledge.

As the manager of a multinational company, I have approached challenges proactively, looking for training opportunities and applying what I have learned in my daily work. The key has been adaptability and the continuous search for professional improvement. The support of my team and colleagues has been instrumental in the success of Spraytec Australia.

6- What do you like about the Australian mentality and lifestyle?

What I like about the Australian mentality and lifestyle

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8- What aspects of Rosario culture make you feel homesick?

I miss family gatherings, barbecues with friends, and visits to the countryside. I also miss running along the waterfront, enjoying the breeze and the view of the Paraná River. Beers in Pichincha are also part of my memories and longings. But what I miss the most is the warmth of the people of Rosario.

9- What inspires you in your day-to-day?

What I like about the Australian mentality and lifestyle is their laid back approach and appreciation for things simple and well done. is their laid-back approach and appreciation for simple things done well. Australians value quality of life and enjoy outdoor activities, especially at the beach. Their casual attitude towards clothing, even in winter, reflects their freedom and comfort. Also, Australians are friendly and sociable, which makes it easy to make connections and friends. They like to gather in a relaxed atmosphere to enjoy unlimited beers.

7- What is your favorite Australian food?

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There is no single typical food, but there are popular dishes that I love. One of my favorites is Surf and Turf; which combines fresh seafood and meat in one dish.

It usually includes a juicy fillet of beef accompanied by prawns, shrimp, or lobster.

This combination of land and sea flavors creates a delicious and balanced culinary experience. In addition to Surf and Turf, meat pies are also an Aussie treat worth trying, especially when on the go looking for something quick to eat.

The determination to achieve more. The ambition to continue building something significant that I am proud to be a part of and to be one of the pioneers to join the team.

Driven by the desire for a prosperous future, knowing that I am doing my best to make that happen, both personally and with the company.

10- You have to define Spraytec in a few words.

A family team where you work, generate business, have fun meeting people, and develop professionally and personally.

11- What is your greatest achievement so far?

Over the last 4 years, I have worked hard to establish myself in Australia and make the business sustainably profitable.

12- What is your leadership style?

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My leadership style is characterized by being decisive but flexible, with clear objectives in mind. I trust in the autonomy and coherence of others, allowing them to make decisions and assume responsibilities. I believe that it is important to enjoy work and do it to the best of my ability, which is why I foster an environment of collaboration and motivation.

I seek to inspire and guide my team to success, providing support and recognition when appropriate.

immediately available. Being proactive in generating solutions. Because if we remain static, opportunities pass us by and competitors surpass us.

14- What is your main objective?

Enjoy as much as possible the job I am in and the life I lead, sharing with friends and maintaining good health.

15- What advice would

you give to someone who is considering moving away from home?

Analyze what and why you are going to make that decision. Bearing in mind that there are going to be things that are going to be lost and things that are left behind.

Prepare for the change that is going to occur in your life and be open and expectant of new relationships and experiences that will strengthen you as a person.

13- What is your approach to foster innovation in your work?

Identikit

I try to be permanently informed and analyze the new trends and problems that appear in order to quickly develop value proposals that are

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TERRITORIAL ROOTS

SANTA FE

T

he province of Santa Fe, located in the heart of Argentina, approximately 450 kilometers from Buenos Aires, is a treasure that captivates those who have the opportunity to visit. Thanks to its rich history, landscapes, and passionate and vibrant population, this province stands out as one of the most charming destinations in the country. In addition to its natural and cultural attractions, Santa Fe has been the birthplace of many outstanding individuals in various fields, who have left an indelible mark on the country.

Santa Fe stands out for its diversity of natural landscapes, ranging from vast plains to marvelous coasts along the Paraná River. The province has an extensive network of rivers and streams, river islands, and wetlands, creating a rich ecosystem with abundant biodiversity.

The province is home to one of the most important and vital rivers on the continent, the Paraná River. This magnificent waterway not only provides natural resources and connects different localities but is also an endless source of life and beauty.

With a length of 4,800 kilometers, the Paraná River is one of the longest rivers in South America and the second

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most important in the country, surpassed only by the famous Rio de la Plata. Along its course, the Paraná paints a dreamlike landscape, with its rushing waters and banks teeming with vegetation.

The river plays a fundamental role in the lives of the people of Santa Fe, supplying numerous towns with drinking water and being essential for the development of livestock and agriculture in the region.

Additionally, the Paraná River serves as a transportation route for trade and industry, providing access to international markets through the port of the largest city in the province, Rosario.

ROSARIO Located on the banks of the Paraná River, Rosario is one of the most important cities in the country. It has a fascinating historical legacy, reflected in its architecture and urban landscapes. For example, the Monument to the Flag, one of the most recognized icons of Argentina, is located in Rosario. The historic center of Rosario is filled with majestic buildings, such as the iconic Teatro El Círculo and the Palacio Fuentes. Rosario is known for its outstanding artistic and sports activities, propelling national culture onto the world stage. Let’s review some of the prominent names that this city has giv-

en birth to.

In the field of sports, we can find great football exponents.

The legendary Lionel Andres Messi. What can be said about the greatest footballer of all time that hasn’t already been said? Born on July 24, 1987, at the age of 7, he began training in the youth divisions of Newell’s Old Boys, the club he supports. However, shortly after, FC Barcelona would recruit him, and at the age of 17, he made his debut in the Spanish first division.

Since his debut, he has had one of the most prolific careers in world football, with an extensive list of titles that continues to grow. He has won the Spanish League 10 times, the Copa del Rey 7 times, the Spanish Super Cup 8 times, and the UEFA Champions League 4 times.

He has also won the French Ligue One twice and the French Super Cup once with Paris Saint-Germain FC. He achieved the ultimate goal with the national youth team, winning a World Cup and an Olympic gold medal. In 2021, he broke the curse of not being able to win international titles with the Argentine senior national team, winning the Copa America, the Champions Cup against Italy, and finally the World Cup in 2022.

Angel Di Maria, renowned for his time with top European

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Lionel Messi

Roberto Fontanarrosa Fito Páez

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teams such as Real Madrid, where he shared the team with Cristiano Ronaldo, contributing to the club’s victory in the UEFA Champions League. In addition to his individual recognition in club football, Di Maria has had a successful career with the national team, winning the FIFA U-20 World Cup in 2007, the Copa America in 2021, and the recent World Cup in Qatar in 2022.

Cesar “El flaco” Menotti. Former footballer and coach.

Born on October 22, 1938, he was a renowned football player, making his debut in Rosario Central in 1960 and ending his career in Brazilian football. However, his most prominent role is as a coach.

He won the Argentine First Division title with Club Atlético Huracán, the only time in the club’s history that they were crowned champions in the top division.

But undoubtedly, his greatest achievement was leading the Argentine national team to their first World Cup victory in 1978, during a dark period of military dictatorship in the country, bringing joy to the people in one of the darkest moments of our national history.

But Rosario is not only the birthplace of football players; it also stands out in the field of art, with several significant names in the country’s culture.

Roberto “El Negro” Fontanarrosa. A great Argentine humorist, cartoonist, and writer.

Fito Páez. Renowned Rosario

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musician, who has collaborated with excellent musicians from across the continent, such as Charly Garcia, Caetano Veloso, Chico Buarque, and even Elvis Costello.

Juan Carlos Baglietto. Musician. In him, we can find Rosario synthesized; he has been involved in the artistic scene, gathering the best talents and forming the “Trova Rosarina,” which includes Fito Páez, Silvina Garre, Ruben Goldin, and Jorge Fandermole.

Luciana Aymar, Marcelo Bielsa, Alberto Olmedo, Lucio Fontana. The list of outstanding individuals from Rosario is endless. But it is not exclusively limited to the city; the entire province also shares this quality.

Carlos Monzón. Born in the town of San Javier, he is internationally recognized as one of the greatest boxers in the world, with a total of 100 fights, only being defeated three times.

Carlos Alberto Reutemann.

From Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz, the provincial capital.

He was a historic Formula 1 racing driver, competing for top international teams such as Lotus, Williams Racing, and even Ferrari. He also dedicated himself to politics, serving as the governor of Santa Fe from 1991 to 1995 and 1999 to 2003, and as a senator from 2003 until his death in 2021.

Marcos Mundstock, born in Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz.

Member of Les Luthiers, a renowned Argentine comedy-musical group.

These personalities have not only left a mark on the country but have also transcended borders, bringing the name of Santa Fe and Argentina to the highest recognition of our culture. The province continues to inspire and nurture talent, and its human and cultural richness makes it an essential destination for those who want to discover more of what Argentina has to offer.

Luciana Aymar

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Carlos Reutemann

Marcos Mundstock

Ángel Di María 17

THE SVALBARD Global Seed Vault Like never before, we can make sure that a seed is a great transformation.

Nuala Szler Literature student

R

unning through the final month of the year, it is undeniable that 2020 has challenged all our certainties, if we ever had any, like few years have done before.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to keep us on alert, and although it has caused a lot of chaos in our lives, has also taught us a lot, particularly in terms of appreciating the privileges that the world offers us, that can often pass unnoticed in front of our eyes due to its everyday nature. Things like gathering with our loved ones, the feeling of fresh air in our faces as we walk, spending a few days at the sea, seeing the beauty of the seasonal transition are worth much more than we ever thought, or if we already thought so, we had probably forgotten at some point. The pandemic also made us think about every-

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thing we have now that may not be here forever. Everything that is important that we preserve and value now, because later will always be too late.

Climate change is not breaking news, but it is indeed reiterated more and more. Its impact continues to manifest right before our eyes: floods, plagues and diseases, wildfires, high temperatures, ice melting, extinction of flora and fauna and unprecedented alterations of natural landscapes worldwide, have been in the spotlight in recent years.

2020 seemed to be nothing less than the long-awaited final apocalypse, although much slower and more unpunctual than books, series, or movies led us to believe.

We have often heard that the real world is even more fictional than fiction itself when it comes to unexpected events like this one. Whether it is due to our world being less boring and a little more fantastic than

we usually believe, or because fiction has crossed screens or book pages to reach us, it is difficult to assert.

However, we cannot fail to notice the fact that significant and unexpectedly important changes will impact food production worldwide. If we are to face a future reminiscent of a fictional dystopia, it is better to find ourselves prepared. In fact, some have already taken action.

Halfway between Norway and the North Pole, in the north of the North, where the ice never melts and winter nights seem endless for months, lies the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard. Consisting of a group of islands, with an austere beauty and sobriety that have been fascinating travelers for years. Only three of these islands are habitable: Spitsbergen, Bear Island, and Hopen. The first one, Spitsbergen, is the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago, it is also where Longyearbyen is located, the main settlement and capital of this remote yet exceptional place. Its name, meaning “jagged peaks,” was

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given by the Dutch explorer Willem Barents, who discovered the island while searching for the “Northeast Passage” in 1596.

Close to Longyearbyen, and backed by the thousands of polar bears that inhabit Svalbard, earning the nickname “the realm of the polar bear,” an imposing underground vault has been constructed, resembling a science fiction tale. Designed to resist the passage of time and the challenge of natural or human-made disasters, this vault known as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, has been conceived and built to serve as a backup seed storage facility for seeds from all around the world. The Svalbard Globale Frøhvelv (official name in Norwegian) is the guardian of the world’s most diverse collection of plant crops, housing more than one million seeds.

gives no hint of the size and complexity of the vault, which is further divided into three chambers that have been built with permafrost, a layer of permanently frozen soil that can serve as a natural refrigerant in case of power failure.

Nothing has been left to chance; the Seed Vault is designed to withstand volcanic eruptions, earthquakes up to a magnitude of 10 on the Richter scale, solar radiation and fires, among other catastrophes.

Additionally, in case there is any conflict, an international treaty designates and maintains this territory as a demilitarized zone.

Serving as a type of insurance policy, aiming to ensure food for human beings and coping with the future generations’ demand in the face of nutritional challenges, such as cli-

The Svalbard Global Seed Vault spans over a thousand square meters. Having the majority of its structure located 130 meters deep above sea level, the only visible feature from the outside is a large rectangular entrance that

replicate them in case of loss due to armed conflicts, disputes, or natural disasters.

The objective of this global seed storage facility, which holds plant species from all over the globe, is to preserve the diversity of crops from different regions and save them from extinction, so that in extreme cases of need, those who have deposited their seed samples can withdraw them and reestablish their crops. In that sense, it is not an active gene bank. It is not a genetic bank that researchers or other interested parties can access.

Only depositors are allowed to retrieve their contents, and while the seeds are stored, only staff members can handle the boxes, never touching the actual inner material.

Therefore, the seeds are not exposed to human touch once they have been packaged and sent to Svalbard. It provides great relief, especially considering the ongoing pandem-

mate change or a significant increase in population. This is why it is often referred to as “The Doomsday Vault.”

The Svalbard Global Seed Vault was created precisely for gene banks from all around the world to store samples of their seed collections and 19

Today, twelve years after its inauguration, a total of one hundred thousand varieties ic that has us all concerned these days.

The method of preserving the seeds, of course, is through freezing. That is why the three underground chambers, with a natural constant temperature ranging from -3 to -6 °C, also have artificial cooling capabilities down to -18 °C to ensure the long-term preservation of the samples. Each sample consists of approximately 500 seeds, hermetically sealed in an aluminum bag, and stored in what is known as “black box” agreements: this means that the seed packages and boxes, intended for preservation, are not opened or sent to anyone unless it is the original depositor requesting it. Only the custodians of the seeds, and no one else, have access to them. Their use is similar to a safe deposit box in a bank: the bank owns the building, and the depositor owns the contents of their box. In consequence, Norway owns the facility, and the seed banks and institutions that send the seeds own their respective samples; there is no transfer of ownership.

The vault has a storage capacity of 4.5 million seed samples. Since its inauguration in 2008, it has preserved over 1 million seeds from plant species worldwide. As already mentioned, it is the largest seed depository in the world.

Situated approximately 1,300 kilometers north of the Arctic 20

Circle, the vault serves as a “security system” that ensures the preservation of current crop biodiversity, even in the face of unforeseen cataclysmic events. The World Seed Bank was constructed in the Svalbard archipelago for the specific purpose of keeping it isolated and protected from human interference as well as natural occurrences. The climatic conditions are ideal: with temperatures ranging from -14°C to 6°C, and located in one of the least environmentally vulnerable areas.

This preservation project was initiated due to scientists’ concerns over the loss of crop diversity and the vulnerability of seed collections worldwide.

María Haga, the executive director of the Crop Trust (which finances the World Seed Bank), asserts that the problem with losing diversity is that we lose options. For instance, India has lost 90% of its rice varieties since 1950, Mexico has lost 80% of its maize varieties since 1900, and Germany cultivates only 6 apple varieties.

In the United States, 93% of fruit and vegetable varieties have been lost since 1900.

China, once cultivating a wide range of rice varieties in the 1950s, now grows only 10% of what it used to.

Although the idea of establishing a seed center in Svalbard dates back to the 1980s, it wasn’t until the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Re-

sources for Food and Agriculture came into effect in 2004 that it became a practical possibility. Its construction and operation, also known as the Global Seed Vault, cost around 9 million dollars and were made possible through funding from the Norwegian government, the Global Crop Diversity Trust, donations from companies and countries like the United Kingdom, and foundations such as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the multinational company Monsanto. The founder and coordinator of the center is the Norwegian biologist Asmund Asdal.

However, like any other project, the vault has required adaptations and improvements to its structure and security measures. These were specifically necessitated by the impending effects of climate change and a warmer climate.

This became evident in 2017 when the vault experienced flooding due to thawing permafrost in its surroundings.

While the water entered the tunnel, it fortunately did not reach the seeds and cause any damage.

After twelve years since its inauguration, a total of one hundred thousand different crop varieties from around the world have been added and remain frozen in the Arctic vault.

Recently, nearly 60,000 seed samples from 36 different banks and institutions worldwide have been deposited, including pumpkin seeds sent by the Cherokee Nation of the United States, original wheat from the University of Haifa in Israel, and various crops from Morocco, Mongolia, and New Zealand, among many others.

Latin American institutions that have participated in these

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recent contributions include the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Colombia, which has donated varieties of butterfly peas, clover, sorghum, and beans; the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Mexico; and the International Potato Center (CIP) in Peru. The University of Costa Rica has also contributed with varieties of three species of native rice, including two wild varieties, while the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) has sent varieties of crops such as onions, melons, and chili peppers. Samples from various latitudes, including Kazakhstan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Portugal, Zambia, Ukraine, South Korea, and North Korea, have also been stored over the years, resulting in more than 100,000 preserved seed varieties. This demonstrates that, as stated by its founder Asmund Asdal, in the Global Seed Vault all countries cooperate in the formidable mission of preserving seeds, even if they may not be the best of friends outside the facility. In just seven years, the international seed bank had already gathered nearly 40% of the world’s food diversity: 843,400 seeds from 233 countries.

However, there are still slightly over one million unique seed samples that are not stored in the vault, as the actual estimation of global plant species reaches 7.1 million, of which 2.1 million are unique. Filling this gap will be a top priority in the upcoming years.

Areas (ICARDA), originally based in Aleppo, one of the cities most affected by the war in Syria, lost access to its gene bank due to the conflict.

However, since a significant portion of the seeds had been duplicated and sent to Svalbard for safekeeping, ICARDA was able to retrieve its samples between 2015 and 2019 to reestablish its gene bank collections in Morocco and Lebanon. As a result, Syria was able to rebuild its seed archive because of the deposits in the vault, recovering 80% of what was in its original Aleppo repository by requesting it from Svalbard. Subsequently, the seeds were cultivated and redeposited in the Svalbard vault in 2017.

Another notable case is the rescue mission to collect seeds from native crops in Nepal, organized following a major earthquake in the region. Thus, unique seeds in the world are safeguarded because the World Seed Bank is fulfilling its mission. Additionally, a good example of the usefulness of preserving seed samples is the experience in the Philippines in 2006

and 2012, when two massive floods nearly wiped out all the genetic material in the National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory (NPGRL) at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Therefore, the Svalbard vault advocates that the genetic diversity banks of wild plant species (germplasm) should ideally send backup copies of their seeds during good times, not just during crises. Otherwise, it may be too late when a disaster strikes.

In conclusion, while the opening of the magnificent vault of the World Seed Bank to release samples implies that unfortunate events or a natural disaster have taken place somewhere in the world, the opposite scenario unfolds when new seeds enter the facility, as it guarantees the preservation of another vegetal treasure. In consequence, fortunately, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault may serve as both an inspiration and a signal for hope, reminding us that we will not only face increasing problems but also we will find solutions to them.

It should be noted that no one anticipated that the condition of the Arctic “Noah’s Ark” as a global crop security deposit would be tested just seven years after its inauguration.

The International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry 21

AGROPRODSER

the Ukrainian Giant Agro TV traveled to Ternopil alongside Yuriy Alatortsev, representative of the firm Spraytec in Ukraine, to visit one of their major clients. Founded in 1999 by Ukrainian Ivan Chaikivskyi, Agroprodservice is a mega-company that operates with a vertical integration model and has revolutionized the way business is conducted in Ukraine. With 45,000 hectares under production cultivated with high technological standards, value is added to all this raw material, transforming it into meat and producing products that are later marketed in their own stores.

Diego Peydro Host of AgroTV Ivan, tell us how you started in the agricultural world and in raw material production.

Ivan - To begin with, it will be necessary to share a bit about the history of how the company developed. We were living in very challenging times when I entered agriculture in 1998. At that time, we still had the Soviet system of collective farms, and in fact, I found this system in my hometown where I was born. I was chosen as the head of the farm in my area, and certain reforms had to be carried out because it was impossible to continue managing the estate in that manner. In the collective ownership, no one was specifically responsible for the assets.

I was a young manager at 26 years old and needed to find

a way out of the economic situation that existed on the collective farm. The debts were extremely large, almost two million dollars, and we had only 2500 hectares to produce, with 450 employees at that time. It was a burden and a huge problem that I experienced as a young manager.

There was no real way out because we had to pay off debts, attract new resources, and these new resources had to bring about challenges.

to work directly for a private company that I founded and managed. This company had no debts or anything, that was the beginning. The idea was to learn how to make money by creating added value because I understood that cultivating wheat in the field without processing it wasn’t profitable.

It involved a small amount of human resources and there were many people in the village who needed work. All of this motivated me to seek new ways. First, we started processing the grain and turning it into flour, then we sold the flour and dealt with grains.

In 1999, farmers here in Ukraine were allocated plots of twelve hectares each. How was it possible to conceive a private company and lease fields to these individuals?

Ivan - On June 11, 1999, we created this company and began leasing land directly from people. At that time, I wrote a statement and left the position of president at KSP, and I went

Ivan Chaikivskyi, Founder of Agroprodservice 22

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RVICE, How does livestock come into this production approach?

Ivan - We started with pig farming and built a plant to produce compound feed.

This feed was consumed by the animals, which were then sold, thus creating added value. Later on, we purchased a meat processing plant in Ternopil to continue that chain, transforming the grain from the field into feed for the pigs.

We would then send the animals to the meat processing plant and create sausages for preservation. The meat is refrigerated or semi-processed.

In this way, we created a loop in this line of production and then went further, establishing a chain of our own stores.

Here comes Agroprodservice into play, as a company generating and exporting agri-food products.

Ivan - Yes, now we sell fresh meat and products that are produced in the meat processing plant under our own brand. This way, a complete integration chain was created from the field to the table. We also have poultry farms and a dairy department. Nowadays, Agroprodservice processes almost 60% of what is cultivated, and only 40% is exported.

When I stepped down from the position of CEO, I wished the new CEO, Andrii Estepanovich, success and asked him to find a way to process 100% of the grains and products we produce in the fields, so that 100% can be integrated and processed.

With 45,000 cultivated hectares of fertile land, Agroprodservice produces wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, beets, and soy using precision technologies and intensive management.

Andrii - Yes, Agroprodservice cultivates more than 45,000 hectares in regions like Ternopil and Ivano-Frankivsk, among others. Each season, we sow between 8,000 and 10,000 hectares of winter wheat, 1,500 hectares of spring wheat, 3,000 hectares of barley, 2,000 hectares of cereal crops, and of course, we cultivate around 10,000 hectares of corn in the best area. Last year, we made the decision to reduce corn cultivation almost by half because it needs significant drying, bringing the moisture down to 10% or 15%. This process

Andrii Baran, CEO of Agroprodservice

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consumes a lot of energy and money due to the high gasoline prices caused by the war.

What role does soy and other crops play in this new production approach?

Andrii - We focus on and are growing in soybean cultivation. The fact that we are expanding with animal farming generates a greater need for proteins. Depending on the year, we cultivate around 7,000 hectares of non-GMO soybeans, 5,000 hectares of winter rapeseed, 3,000 hectares of sunflower, and 3,000 hectares of fodder beets. These are the main crops. If we talk about winter wheat, the yields average around 8 tons per hectare, regardless of the weather. For corn, it ranges from 10 to 11 tons per hectare, soybeans yield around 3.5 tons, sunflower about 3.5 tons, rapeseed around 4 tons, and lastly, sugar beets yield around 70 tons per hectare.

With these large harvest volumes and a wide variety of crops, how do you process and seek to add value to the production?

Andrii - The company aims to process and add value to our grain production as much as possible. That’s why we started focusing on animal farming, and today, over 50% of the grains are processed in the feed plant. We produce, process, and formulate our own livestock feed, more than 300 tons per day. In a year, we produce around 100,000 tons of feed for pigs, cattle, poultry, and we also create and sell these value-added products in our company’s stores. We also add value to soybean cultivation by processing 40,000 tons per year, which we turn into oil and protein meal, subsequently used for livestock feed production. We partially 24

export high-quality oil to the European Union, as well as small quantities of prepared food products, such as semolina and flour. Of course, we also export a significant portion of the grain to international markets, and we export sugar beets as raw material since we don’t have any sugar factories.

You are leaders at the national level in seed production. What percentage of the market do you hold, trade, and most importantly, how do producers perceive you?

Andrii - Yes, in fact, the company is recognized by seed producers in our region and in Ukraine because we produce under the best conditions and sell a significant portion of certified high-quality seeds.

We have a long history of seed production. We sell about 10% of certified winter wheat seeds within the Ukrainian market, and producers primarily see us as reliable. We produce around 20,000 tons of seeds each season, but this year, due to the war and economic crisis, seed yields have decreased because everyone

is just trying to survive. We are dedicated to seed production for our own needs and for sale. We have experience and are exporting to French, German, Czech, and other companies that then distribute the seeds to the market. Since last year, we have been exporting the first spring wheat and soybean seeds to the European Union.

In 2005, Agroprodservice began the development of pig breeding using the native Yorkshire Duroc breed. Today, they incorporate 15,000 sows and 115,000 pigs for consumption into their production.

Andrii - Pig farming is the main branch of our livestock operations. We have been involved in pig breeding for almost 20 years; it’s our specialty. Currently, we have 15,000 sows in production and a total pig production of 115,000. In the near future, we aim to have a production herd of around 12,000 sows. We carry out the complete production cycle here. Our goal is to achieve pigs with a final weight of 120 kilograms. As mentioned

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earlier, the company operates a closed-cycle system, where the crops from the field are processed in the combined feed plant. Pigs are fed in our facilities until they reach 120 kilograms. Once they reach the slaughter weight, a portion is sold in the market as fresh meat, while the rest is processed in the meat processing plant, and the products are sold in our own stores and networks. We have external suppliers in the market that demand finished animals. Today, this business is particularly important for us. It assures that the company can stay afloat in the current economic situation, amid the war with Russia. We are aware of the issues related to the sale and export of grains, as well as logistical and transportation challenges. The pig business allows us to process over half of the grain we produce here and add value through animal breeding.

With 45,000 agricultural hectares, 15,000 sows in production, and thousands of tons of

“Agroprodservice processes almost 60% of what is cultivated; only 40% is exported.”

Ivan Chaikivskyi grains processed per day, Agroprodservice is being impacted by the war and logistics. Ivan Chaikivskyi details the situation they have been facing for the past year.

tanta. All those routes were laid out, although they weren’t effective or economically justified. For us, it was cheaper to send grains through the port, and exporting by land wasn’t cost-effective.

Ivan - Logistics has suffered greatly due to this conflict. In fact, 95% of all Ukrainian exports and imports go through our Black Sea ports. After the Russian invasion, Ukrainian ports were blocked, and all the ships got stuck there along with the cargo and products in their holds. Ukraine never focused on its western land ports, but due to the war, we had to redevelop these export routes that had been lost. During the union, railways were built that connected us to Europe and neighboring countries like Poland, Hungary, and even Cons-

What impact do you see in daily life regarding this change you’re referring to?

Ivan - This shift in direction is a major problem for both the state and businesses. At the start of the hostilities, the agricultural sector faced a significant challenge. According to estimates, on February 24th, Ukraine had between 20 and 30 million tons of grains that hadn’t been exported yet, which were on our territory.

That volume needed to be ex-

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ported, and we had no other option but to rebuild these supply chains. Fortunately, up to now, we’ve been successful through our western land borders. We’re already exporting over 2.5 million tons of grain per month, and land ports are being constructed on the Polish border to increase grain exports to Europe. Ukrainian agriculture and companies understand clearly that our partners are in Europe both in terms of business and spirit.

That’s why we’ll do everything possible to direct our borders and logistics westward.

Regarding poultry farming, how have you designed the production cycle, slaughter, and especially the commercialization to the public, while tracing the entire chain?

Andrii - Poultry farming is a small industry for us. We have three poultry complexes where we can simultaneously house around 360,000 poultry. Most of this process takes place in our meat processing plant. We have a slaughterhouse where the birds are slaughtered, then processed, and the final product goes to the end consumer through our fresh trade. Today, it’s also canned and available as canned goods in our Meet Studio company stores. The production capabilities in Ukraine are much greater than what we have now. Today, we’re the first and only company that raises turkeys and has the largest poultry production capacity. Poultry farming, along with pig farming, dairy cattle, beef cattle, and agriculture, is, so to speak, a small niche.

There’s still a lot of potential.

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Where does cattle farming fit into the economy and food production?

Andrii - Dairy cattle farming is common in our country. We started relatively recently, but we already have some experience. Currently, we have almost 9,000 heads of cattle on the farm. Last year, we introduced another new farm with a capacity of 1,900 cows, and we’re practically out of stock now. We produce 26,000 liters of milk per day. We also seek added value in this activity because processing plant-based products and grains like corn require a lot of energy to be converted into meat. We also have fattening operations, although unlike in Argentina, beef cattle farming isn’t very popular in Ukraine. We fatten cattle to a certain condition, process the finished products in our processing plant, and thus generate some profit.

Regarding labor costs and stakeholders within the agricultural chain, what substantial differences do

you see since the war with Russia?

Ivan - The agricultural sector and the economy as a whole reflect the positive work of our people because many individuals are involved in agriculture. Logistics, railroads, grain elevators, and various associated services are activities where people work to assist in exports during the grain corridor’s operational period - we have already exported around 6 million tons through it - it’s an advantage for Ukraine. God willing, the operations of the grain corridor will continue, as we understand that this grain has reached the countries where it is needed, mostly African countries that require grains for sustenance. This has also allowed the Ukrainian agricultural sector to maintain funds to support Ukrainian seed companies. The funds received from grain sales, even if they are small, are crucial for agricultural producers to have resources for planting.

When we think of Ukraine,

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“Today, during the war, I would like to thank people for their support, both moral and financial.”

Andrii Baran its people, and the value of their effort, we cannot help but be moved by the level of passion with which they work day by day. Agroprodservice is an example of this.

Andrii - We are using these technologies committed to animal husbandry and to the complete construction of this product processing cycle. We provide employment to a large number of people; the company employs many families who have the opportunity to earn their livelihoods, to live here, and to further develop our country. This company was born and thrives from the land; we live here, our children are here, we work in this company alongside our children, grandchildren, and future generations.

Ivan - We are close to the people; we are not in Kyiv or abroad. Every day, we meet with our shareholders and the owners of our land. We lease 99% of the land; we take care of the fertility of the fields, and every 7 to 10 years, we have to renew the lease contracts.

The company’s social responsibility grows over time. We work here and pay significant amounts of taxes. This social responsibility supports the education of children and future generations.

Ukraine is a productive paradise that suffers in times of war. Ivan Chaikivskyi and Andrii Baran share a hopeful message for the Ukrainian people and aim to grow with a modern and socially

committed company.

Ivan - I have never been to Argentina, but I know that agricultural producers all over the world love the land. I know that the satisfaction of producing food is not just material; it’s also moral and, of course, a love for one’s country. I hope that the Argentine territory never experiences a situation like what we have today in Ukraine, where we must cultivate while looking at the sky and thinking that nothing will fly and explode in our fields. I am grateful and healthy enough to work because working on the land is the most sacred thing; here, we cultivate bread and give life to the earth.

Andrii - Today, during the war, I would like to thank people for their support, both moral and financial. Because it’s very important that the civilized nations of the world have united on the side of good to win.

Many thanks to the people for this warmth and support.

I would like to ask that you don’t give up and continue to help, because both Ukrainians and the Ukrainian state need your assistance.

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“We are primarily a no-till farm.”

INTERVIEW Between August 29th and 31st, the Farm Progress Show 2023 took place in Illinois. Every year, farmers attend to connect with product experts and see the latest agricultural innovations in person. In this context, in our stand, we interviewed Kevin Matthews, a farmer from Yadkin County, who achieves corn yields exceeding 300 bushels per acre.

Tell us a bit about your participation in the Farm Progress Show. What do you observe in terms of people and crops?

This is the second time I’ve attended the Farm Progress Show, but I’ve never experienced it as a farmer because I’ve always had to speak for everyone. The crowd is enormous this year; it seems like you can hardly walk! The displays we see here are beautiful, and it’s good to check and see how all the available products perform. You learn a lot from the quality of people at these shows, and that’s what sets us apart. I had several panel discussions in different sponsor tents. I’m happy to have had that opportunity because it allowed me to interact with people.

You won the award for the best producer in your state. Could you tell us about your work and where are you from?

I’m from North Carolina, a state on the east coast of the United States, about four hours inland from the Atlantic Ocean. We farm in a river valley and have two different growing seasons: one in our uplands and another in our river valley - with a month difference between them. We plant in the uplands in early April and then start planting in May in our river bottom fields. This helps spread our workload. We work on 6,000 acres where we grow corn, wheat, and soybeans. We harvest soybeans in October and plant wheat in October.

What technology do you adopt for your crops?

We are primarily a no-till farm, unless in the river bottoms where we do vertical tillage.

We are able to produce very good yields, which is actually not normal for our area, but we do many things differently. We also experience flooding from hurricanes; in fact, we are currently experiencing

Matthews Family Farms from Yadkin County achieved the highest yield in the 2016 North Carolina Corn Yield Contest with a yield of 320.20 bushels per acre on irrigated soil.

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a hurricane. Vertical tillage is used to manage residue, so we’ll till at most two inches.

Why do you think there aren’t many people practicing no-till farming in the United States?

In our area of the United States, the South and the East, no-till farming is very predominant. Due to the heat in our area, our soils tend to dry out quickly, and we can’t retain water for long periods.

So, we have soils with a low cation exchange capacity (CEC), roughly a 12. In some places, it’s even lower, in the range of 6, which means they have really sandy soils. No-till farming is our primary practice.

Our river bottoms get rather wet, so drainage systems are installed. We often have to use vertical tillage to break out the crust from the winter so it can dry out and provide a good seedbed. Much depends on the soil conditions and how they are left after the previous crop, which is why we have to do a lot of vertical tillage.

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Before we finish, tell us a bit about this year’s yields and how you see the next season. What are your expectations for the upcoming season?

Our corn records are 375 bushels on a large 12-acre plot, and our soybean record is 120. The highest we’ve seen on our farm is 200 bushels per acre in soybeans. As for this year’s field crops, the

wheat we harvested in June averaged 105 bushels across the entire farm, which is a record for us, beating the previous one of 101.

The corn and soybeans we’re beginning to harvest are really good for us. We had a much better growing season than the corn and soybean

belts in the Midwest, with better weather. We’ll likely be between 190 and 200 bushels, which is probably much better than our neighbors.

However, for North Carolina as a whole, corn will probably be around 30 bushels, and soybeans will be between 10 and 15 bushels.

We have a really good crop in the Carolinas, but we’re a very small production area compared to the Midwest.

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