Technologies - Olympic House Case Study

BA3 Technologies Part A: Building Case Study (BCS) Construction, Materials, Structure Case Study 3 Olympic House in Lausanne Year of completion: 2019

2. STRUCTURAL DESIGN STRATEGIES

1. KEY DESIGN PARAMETERS

2.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW

CLIMATE CONTEXT

ROOF

• Moderately continental climate

• Thin steel frame supporting timber frame and aluminium cladding.

• Timber frame constructed from 180/280 timber beams and 25/50 mm timber battens.

• Concrete slab supported by radial bracing in central, atrial part.

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

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WI ND

• Prevailing north and north-western winds.

• Building orientation and curved shapes aims to reduce the wind pressure on structure.

The project retains existing natural features through careful treatment of the existing park and enhancement of greenery continuation through green roof on lower floor. The soil on site was initially proofed to be polluted, thus it was removed and cleaned before construction started.

The building priorities future re-use of structure and site, through flexible arrangement of internal/ external spaces and provision of multifunctional areas. Additionally, some of structural elements were recycled from previous building’s demolition waste (concrete aggregate).

The building responds to the demand of local context and provides multi-purpose office and meeting spaces, whose arrangement can be easily adapted to users.

The project provides green areas such as; green roof, terraces and landscaping which helps maintaining site’s biodiversity.

SLOPING FIRST FLOOR SLAB WITH GREEN ROOF

OFFICES

GROUND FLOOR FACILITIES

PARK

PARK

SUSTAINABLE CONNECTIVITY AND TRANSPORT •

Project promotes more ecological transport, through proximity of public transport links.

The building priorities green transport through bicycle/pedestrian paths included in the landscaping, as well as provision of bicycle stands.

The project includes amenities for active commuters such as showers, lockers or rooms for personal storage.

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Lightweight roof structure enabled design of an organic shape without massive addition to structural loads.

• 200/120/16mm inclined columns arrayed along slab perimeter with 1.35m distance, following inclination of no more than 30 ºC.

BUS STOPS

The identity of the building is expressed through dynamic form that • responds to athlete’s movement and key values of organisation: openness (transparency of structure), unity (round unity stairs), fairness (solar panels in for of peace dove).

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Social integration is enhanced through open layout and outdoor and indoor recreation space (wellness centre).

Provision of public realm pedestrian paths stimulate outdoor interactions.

The programme includes several private rooms such as private offices, storage rooms, enclosed meeting areas.

Locating offices and meeting areas on the upper floors adds to safety, as public accessible areas are located on the ground floor.

Primary structure - inclined, steel columns mounted into rc floor slab.

Aluminium frame - supporting structure for suspended facade

Envelope assembly: • Inclined columns • Vertical, triple glazed panels • Suspended facade: aluminium fins, frame fitted with triple glazed panels

• Steel I beams with radial bracing in the central area. - Support of atrial staircase.

GROUND FLOOR

Facade design follow layout of inclined columns with 1.35m distancing.

CANTILEVERED FLOOR

PRIMARY STRUCTURE • Loadbearing concrete walls (located under the cylindrical cores)

9m

• Cylindrical steel columns with (estimated) 300 diameter and strengthened by diagonal supports.

STRUCTURAL COLUMNS

According to the architects, 9m floor slab structure from perimeter is cantilevered. Such decision aimed to ensure flexibility of working spaces.

GROUND FLOOR

UPPER FLOORS

300mm

300mm

16mm

200mm

≤30ºC

BASEMENT LEVEL 300mm

120mm

2.2 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT - PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTION

Some of the partition walls - adjacent to the perimeter - follow 2.7m grid designated by 1.35m column spacing.

SECTION + SLABS AND CEILING HEIGHTS

CONFERENCE ROOMS

INDIVIDUAL OFFICE ROOM

CONFERENCE ROOMS

INDIVIDUAL OFFICE ROOM

Four concrete core of (estimated) diameter of 10,8m were designed in similar manner: three of them include toilets, staircases and service areas.

The fourth concrete core does not include toilets but contains staircase, lifts and additional service shafts. In the terms of dimensions, it relies on the same 10,8m module.

Dimensions of several, modular units that combine individual and group office space.

2. Preparation of ground for raft concrete foundation.

VENTILATION

Vertical, aluminium fins Metal grating (for maintenance and shading) Second layer of triple glazed panels (customised) in aluminium frames

5.Temporary framework for concrete slab cast.

ENVELOPE AND SLAB CONNECTION Double skin facade with triple glazing provides acoustic comfort (noise was the main issue in previous building.)

Moreover it allows more daylight into interior, increasing comfort of users and reducing demand for artificial lighting.

Aluminium cladding and frame result in lower maintenance, better moisture resistance and sustainability - 95% of aluminium used can be recycled.

Concrete slabs result in high thermal mass, which helps with efficient heating and cooling of structure.

Open layout offers not only flexibility of the space, but also provides natural ventilation thanks to undisrupted airflows from atrium.

LIGHT DISTRIBUTION Reduction of loadbearing walls to minimum and application of movable, partition walls results in maximised sunlight distribution inside the structure

3. Construction of primary structure on basement level: loadbearing columns and (probably) steel beams - bracing.

4. Construction of ground floor reinforced concrete walls (loadbearing structure ), steel beam frame and temporary framework for concrete slabs (probably cast on site with temporary framework).

ENVELOPE AND GROUND FLOOR CONNECTION

The layout follows primary structure inclined columns on the slab perimeter and facade panels.

OPEN LAYOUT + ATRIUM Open plan with central void increases amount of natural daylight and provides naturally ventilated space.

1. Excavation of soil, removal of polluted soil for cleaning.

Triple glazed panels

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

• 350mm pre-stressed reinforced concrete slab

The layout of the plan is open and does not rely on structural grid.

The columns are placed irregularly, similarly to rectangular partition walls, which allows flexibility of the structure; probably partition walls are movable or temporary to allow transformation office space into conference or individual rooms.

BICYCLE PATHS + FOOTHPATHS

LATERAL LOADS

3.2 CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES SEQUENTIAL THUMBNAILS

The envelope design was determined by the complex shape of structure, which aimed to aesthetically present values of IOC - this the organic envelope refers to the dynamic, athlete’s movement.

Lateral loads imposed on roof and facade are transmitted through concrete slab to primary loadbearing elements - concrete cores and angled columns on perimeter.

• Steel columns of (estimated) 300mm diameter spread unevenly over the plan. (Their positioning was calculated using computational software)

• Reinforced concrete slab foundation of (estimated) 1200mm depth .

BICYCLE STANDS

Concrete cores bear the majority of the structural loads and transmit them to the foundation slab. Steel columns spread unevenly in the plan help with distribution of live loads and support concrete slabs. Angled columns along the perimeter provide even lateral loads distribution and transmit loads of cantilevered areas of concrete slabs.

LATERAL LOADS

FOUNDATION:

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES AND SOCIAL VALUE •

ROOF STRUCTURE

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3.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW ELEMENTAL BUILD-UPS + ZONES

• Main loadbearing structure: cylindrical, concrete cores.

SUSTAINABLE LAND USE AND ECOLOGY •

3. BUILDING FABRIC + CONSTRUCTION

3500mm

UPPER FLOORS

• Sunlight is evenly distributed over the year, as there is no ‘barrier’ from the southern part of site.

• Building positioning and concave facade ensures maximised sunlight penetration.

DEAD LOADS (ANGLED COLUMNS)

3500mm

• Moderate rainfalls over the year with heavier rains between April and June (8090mm average).

• In winter rainfall is lower (70mm), yet the cloud coverage is higher.

• Occasional snowfalls occur from December to February.

SU N PAT HS

DEAD LOADS (ROOF STRUCTURE)

DEAD LOADS

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

• Temperature varies from -6ºC to 26ºC on average; winters tend to be very cold (3ºC average) with less precipitation, summers are usually warm with average of 20ºC with clearer sky and more sun ours.

Lausanne - site location

LOAD PATHS LIVE LOADS

3500mm

LOCATION + SITE

Architects: 3XN, IttenBrechbühl Structural engineers: Ingeni Facade offices: Frener & Reifer

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Atelier CPU Regina Jedrzejek

6 Construction first floor slab - reinforced concrete edges of structure slope down to the ground level, bearing the loads of upper floors.

7. Concrete cores with its loadbearing walls are constructed and supported by 13 columns on each floor.

8. Second and third floor primary construction is built; this includes concrete cylinders, supporting columns and inclined columns.

9. Roof construction.

10. Simultaneously first layer of envelope glazed panels are mounted starting from ground floor.

Furthermore, choosing concrete enabled re-use of concrete aggregate of pre-existing office structure.

Placing green roof on the first floor slab aimed into creating a visual connection between building’s and park’s greenery.

Parametric facade structure was designed using BIM software and computational design, which led to the necessity of customisation of glazed panels and aluminium frames.

Such solution resulted in visually impressive, unique design, yet it was probably more expensive and technically unnecessary feature (the facade could have been standardised for lower costs and more efficient construction).

11. Aluminium fins are mounted to the joints fixed to the facade.

12. A the same time surrounding landscape is filled with necessary layers of foundation for vegetation growth.

13. Assembly of the envelope: fixing aluminium framed glazed panels into suspended frame.

BA3 Technologies Part A: Building Case Study (BCS) Energy and Environment Case Study 3 Olympic House in Lausanne Year of completion: 2019

2. STRUCTURAL DESIGN STRATEGIES

2.1 ISOMETRIC VIEW

SUSTAINABLE WATER CYCLE

Based on the information from available sources, service shafts and pipework are located in the concrete cores and ceiling voids.

The building uses rainwater capture system to collect, capture and distribute water to toilets and plant irrigation systems.

3. INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS

3.1 SECTIONAL DIAGRAMS

ELECTRICITY SYSTEM (Speculative distribution)

Design decision to locate all toilets within 3 concrete cores probably strived for simplified pipework distribution and aimed to keep the flexible, unobstructed layout of office space.

• Overhangs created by suspended envelope provide protection from glare and heat gains in summer.

Passive energy - solar panels Electricity cablework distribution The building relies on energy gained from solar panels on rooftop. The power plants with circuit boards are most likely located in the basement floor.

The energy is distributed through structure through concrete cores with services shafts and voids in false ceiling (where electricity and lighting cablework is located).

Low-flow water appliances such as taps and toilets were installed to reduce water usage.

GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Acoustic comfort (and protection from noise of adjacent highway) is achieved through double-skin facade system with soundproofing glazing.

Landscaping encourages active lifestyle and transport routes, contributing to improved well-being of users.

Glazed walls create strong visual connection to outside; view of adjacent park and lake nearby adds to user’s comfort and productivity.

Transparent envelope and atrium lets natural daylight inside, provide comfortable working conditions (and reducing demand for artificial lighting.)

Building uses thermal mass to store and release heat and cool over the day; in summer thermal mass provides cooling, while in winter it keeps the interior warm.

During design process fabrics were firstly considered for maximised efficiency of building shape and envelope.

INTERIOR ENVIRONMENT

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Hot water pipework Cold water pipework

SERVICE VOIDS IN FLOOR AND CEILINGS (Speculative distribution)

Light colours were used in interiors to create a sense of calmness and clarity Material were chosen with consideration of lower pollution emission after installation Each material was analysed for their reflectance, longevity and colours in order to reduce glare and provide the most sustainable interior design.

Wooden products were certified by Forest Stewardship Council to ensure their ethical and responsible sourcing as well as high quality of material.

Transparent envelope provides maximum daylight, simultaneously double skin facade and blinds prevent from glare and external heat gains.

CEILING VOIDS DIMENSIONS

Service shafts are located horizontally in suspended ceiling voids, which is a common solution for office buildings.

LIGHTING FIXTURES IN SUSPENDED CEILING

DAY

• Manual sunblinds allow solar control.

• Atrium is an additional lighting source in the central area.

• Automatised, external blinds optimise sun gains and enable efficient shading system

N I GH T

• It also prevents from indirect glare, which would occur as a result of contrary of external direct light and dim interior.

GROUND FLOOR SKYLIGHTS In the first floor slab that contains green roof a round skylights were applied to provide natural lighting, without reducing the privacy of users.

• In winter thermal mass absorbs the heat from the direct sunlight through concrete slabs and walls.

• Heat pumps extract energy from lakewater for heating. Heat is then released through ceiling systems.

• Double-skin envelope prevents from heat loss.

• At night thermal mass releases heat keeping the structure warm (although the building is not in use overnight, the significant temperature amplitudes could damage the structure). Additionally, keeping building at relatively warm temperature prevents from rapid heat loss.

SHADOW STUDY Building’s curved form and positioning enables maximal accessibility of natural daylight and its penetration deep into the interior.

MORNING

NOON

AFTERNOON

Lighting Fire sprinklers

It is estimated that fire sprinklers should not be located farther than 2.7m from a wall with minimum distance of 2.4m from another fire sprinkler head (yet, the distances may vary depending on specifics of fire sprinkler.)

• In the morning subtle sunlight on eastern and southern facade is provided, creating comfortable working conditions. Daylight reaches deep into the interior and it can be controlled manually by users as well as through autoomatised, external shadowing system.

• In the noon sunlight is likely to cause direct glare. This is prevented through double skin facade and its overhang, as well as manual sun blinds (not included in the render).

• In the southern facade direct sun is likely to cause glare and increase the temperature.

• In the afternoon reflected light provides natural lighting in eastern and northern façades; thanks to the translucent facade light is let through the interior.

• Over the day atrium acts like an additional light source and illuminates main staircase as well as central areas designated for social meetings and circulation.

• Additional sunlight let to the interior prevents from indirect glare. Moreover, direct sunlight affects are nearby stairs, which serves as passing/informal meeting space. Thus glare that could occur would not impact working space.

• In areas which are not located next to the facade and atrium void, the illumination in the afternoons may not be sufficient, as enclosed rooms result in shaded, dim areas. Considering the sustainable, efficient lighting system (energy from solar panels) it is understanable that artificial lighting may be required in some areas (even during the day).

HVAC distribution in false ceiling was dictated by the plan layout and envelope design - due to the unopenable windows the building required well planned ventilation and air ducting system. It was most likely achieved due to the ventilation shafts located in concrete cores and spreding horizontally through plans to supply airflows in each part of the office space.

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VENTILATION AND CABLEWORK SHAFTS (Speculative distribution)

Horizontal spread of ventilation, air duct and installation cables in ceilings

• Over the night stored heat is released through thermal mass, keeping the structure at optimal temperature.

Cablework& installation grid

Locating HVAC in the false ceiling shafts also enables fast and efficient maintenance works.

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Cablework shafts

• Overhangs of envelope also prevents from excessive solar and heat gains, providing comfortable working space.

N I GH T

• Thermal mass absorbs heat from sunlight, thus prevents interior from warming up.

• Double skin facade provides an overhang and diffuses direct light, providing subtle, reflected light.

3.2 QUALITATIVE INTERIOR STUDY

ELECTRICITY CABLEWORK - GRID + FIRE SPRINKLERS (Speculative distribution)

(Speculative design)

Ventilation & air duct shafts

• During the hot days pumping station uses cold lakewater to keep the interior cold through the active ceilings systems.

Using local, renewable resources is the most sustainable and effective solution for water and thermal comfort provision; it reduces the amount of energy needed to heat and cool the structure without added costs and environmental impact.

In this case it enabled design of an open plan, without additional areas (besides concrete cores) designated for service rooms.

Service voids in ceilings

Automatised external sunscreen system + manual blinds inside

• Sun blinds and overhangs prevent from direct sunlight and glare.

• Sun blinds enable manual control and provide shade and diffused light.

Speculative skylight construction

2.2 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT SERVICES DISTRIBUTION

On-site renewables are prioritised - use of rainwater collection system and lake water for heating and cooling.

• In winter months translucent facade maximised limited sunlight over the day.

Skylights in first floor slab

Based on the available information the building uses rainwater for low-pressure appliances and plant watering. The water is collected through set of pipework located in concrete cores and transmitted to water tank (presumably) located undergound. It is likely that building uses filtrated lakewater, which is heated by the heat pumps system.

Solar panels on rooftop provide sufficient amount of energy for electricity in entire building.

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The pumping station collects the lakewater in temperature 5C from a 60m depth. Water is then used to cool the structure through the active ceilings. The system can work conversely and heat pumps can be used to heat the building.

RAINWATER, COLD&HOT WATER PIPEWORK (Speculative distribution)

NET ZERO OPERATIONAL CARBON

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Greywater distributed to the sewer

Greywater pipework

Sun blinds are used as an affordable solution for thermal protection and privacy of users (system explained in sectional diagrams on top right)

The building uses concrete slabs and walls as a thermal mass to moderate average diurnal changes in temperature. Consequently thermal comfort is provided using passive heating and cooling, resulting in 35% less energy consumption than average new construction in Switzerland.

DAY

Circuit boards located in the basement

A pumping station uses lake water to provide heating and cooling of structure.

HE AT I NG + CO O LI NG

WINTER Maximum altitude - 20ºC

SUMMER Maximum altitude - 62ºC

Solar panels

SUMME R

1. THEORY & STRATEGY

Architects: 3XN, IttenBrechbühl Structural engineers: Ingeni Facade offices: Frener & Reifer

WINTER

Atelier CPU Regina Jedrzejek

Speculative services distribution in suspended ceiling.

HVAC SHAFTS (Speculative distribution) HVAC shafts in concrete cores HVAC shafts in ceiling voids.

Vertical location of ventilation, air duct and cablework shafts in concrete cores - design decision was made to preserve open plan and limit visible service areas.

Air duct vents

800x800mm ceiling tiles with openings for light fixtures

Lighting cablework 80

0m

m

mm

800

Based on the images from construction process (suspended roof assembly) it is estimated that HVAC shafts stem from concrete cores and spread parallel along 2.7 m installation grid.

• Asymmetrical placement of circular staircase also diffuses the direct light and limits glare.

BA3 Technologies Part A: Building Case Study (BCS) Detailed Envelope Study Atelier CPU Regina Jedrzejek

Case Study 3 Olympic House in Lausanne Year of completion: 2019

1. THEORY & STRATEGY

Architects: 3XN, IttenBrechbühl Structural engineers: Ingeni Facade offices: Frener & Reifer

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2.1 ISOMETRIC BAY

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NET ZERO EMBODIED CARBON EMISSIONS • • • • •

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For a new construction 75% of former building’ material was recycled, resulting in some non-structural elements being made 100% from recycled aggregate and up to 30% of structural elements including recycled concrete.

All of the demolition waste from pre-existing structure was recycled and used for waterproof wall and basement walls, resulting in reduced embodied carbon, savings in natural resources and minimised waste diverted to landfill.

All of the wooden materials (including furniture) were verified by Forest Stewardship Council to make sure their ethical, responsible sourcing.

Flexible, open layout enables easy adaptation and potential, future reuse.

The carbon footprint of structure was thoroughly analysed to ensure meeting LEED, SNBS and Minergie P certification.

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The building has received the highest - Platinum LEED Certification as well as SNBS Platinum and Minerge P Certification for its outstanding, sustainable performance.

30 mm sheet aluminium panels 100/120 mm metal L-profile (for drainage) 30 mm metal grating on steel profile frame 180 mm steel I beams Vapour barrier 20 mm timber roof plates 30 mm steel plates (components of roof structural frame) 25/50 mm timber battens 100 mm fibreglass insulation 200 mm fibreglass mm timber beam Vapour/ damp proof barrier 350 mm pre-stressed reinforced concrete ceiling slab Suspended ceiling system: soundproofing, ventilation, loudspeakers, fire alarm, lighting 90/90 mm aluminium module 2.5 mm PVC ceiling panel Anti-glare roller blind Triple thermal glazing 8 mm + 14 mm cavity + 6 mm + 14 mm cavity + 25,3 mm lam. Safety glass with vertical silicone caulk joint 80 mm motorized sun protection slats 17,5 mm lam. Safety glass adhesively bonded to 32/70 mm aluminium profile

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S L A B TO E N VE LO P E CO N N E CT IO N

ALUMINIUM FINS

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SUSTAINABLE LIFECYCLE COST • • • •

To ensure efficient management IOC collaborated with IMMA, which provided ‘lean management’ - a systematic steering and planning method that targets to waste reduction and fasten project development.

The costs, safety and efficiency of the structure were firstly estimated, later controlled and improved during construction and have been monitored ever since to ensure efficient performance.

Health and well-being of current and future users were considered and provided through prioritising daylight, flexible working spaces, active transport routes and connection with green exterior.

Since the beginning stages architects were striving for self-sufficient, highly sustainable structure; using passive energy strategies (thermal mass, solar panels) and renewables on site (lake-water heat pumps, rainwater collection system) ensures efficient, long-therm performance.

ENVELOPE - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

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METAL GRID

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MAINTENANCE AREA

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The essential feature of envelope design that contributes to its high thermal and acoustic performance is double-skin facade. The decision to double the amount of triple glazing through suspended structure contributed to improved acoustics, access to natural light (with reduced glare and heat gains thanks to the suspended facade which acts like a sunscreen).Adding vertical, silicone caulk joints and aluminium frame contributed to its moisture resistance.

Another interesting design aspect is the roof choice material - combination of timber and steel frame on reinforced concrete slab was probably dictated by the lightweight properties of timber frame. In the terms of ecology and reuse, the 75% of previous building’s material was recycled and used in structural and non-structural materials, which reduced embodied carbon and amount of demolition waste.

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Facade fins are not only connected to horizontal frame steel bars, but also connected vertically which adds to the stability of suspended components.

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ANGLED COLUMNS

Fitting suspended frame with metal grid is an interesting solution to simultaneously provide shading and maintenance space (in case external panels required fixing.)

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Ground floor detail based on the construction video provided by architects.

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BUILDING IN 50 YEARS

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ENVELOPE BUILD UP (KEY ELEMENTS)

1. Reinforced concrete slab 2. Insulation 3. Waterproof membrane 4. Root barrier 5. Drainage system 6. Steel frame 7. Growth medium with vegetation

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500/1200 mm reinforced concrete upstand beam on ground floor ceiling slab 200 mm fibreglass insulation 120 mm fibreglass insulation 300 mm and 60 mm insulation Vapour/damp proof barrier 100/50/80 mm steel RHS first floor facade fin bracing 30 mm metal grating on 60/30/8 mm steel h-profile frame Triple thermal glazing 8 mm + 14 mm cavity + 6 mm + 14 mm cavity + 25,3 mm lam. safety glass with vertical silicone caulk joint 17,5 mm lam. safety glass adhesively bonded to 32/70 mm aluminium profile 50 mm gravel fill 150/200 mm metal profile frame Soil for vegetation

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3.2 FLOOR SLAB TO EXTERNAL WALL DETAIL + 3.3 WINDOW DETAILS (HEAD + CILL) -

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30 mm metal grating on 60/30/8 mm steel h-profile frame 60/100 mm metal H- frame with 40/80 mm concrete blocks mounted into 20/100 mm steel bars 80 mm and 60 mm fibreglass insulation fill Aluminium clad profile

GREEN ROOF DETAIL

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450/55/2 mm aluminium sheet metal cladding for steel RHS profiles

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Angled columns pierce the concrete slabs with steel fastenings screwed mounted into ground floor slab.

30 mm sheet aluminium panels 100/120 mm metal L-profile (for drainage) 30 mm metal grating on steel profile frame 180 mm steel I beams Vapour barrier 20 mm timber roof plates 30 mm steel plates (components of roof structural frame) 25/50 mm timber battens 100 mm fibreglass insulation 200 mm fibreglass insulation 180/280 mm timber beam Vapour/ damp proof barrier 350 mm pre-stressed reinforced concrete ceiling slab Suspended ceiling system: soundproofing, ventilation, loudspeakers, fire alarm, lighting 90/90 mm aluminium module 2.5 mm PVC ceiling panel Anti-glare roller blind Triple thermal glazing 8 mm + 14 mm cavity + 6 mm + 14 mm cavity + 25,3 mm lam. safety glass with vertical silicone caulk joint 80 mm motorized sun protection slats 17,5 mm lam. safety glass adhesively bonded to 32/70 mm aluminium profile

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ISOMETRIC BAY CUT-OUT LOCATION WITHIN PLAN

Suspended ceiling system: soundproofing, ventilation, loudspeakers, fire alarm, lighting 90/90 mm aluminium module

12–18 mm silicone joint 100/150 mm and 50/100 mm steel connectors bolted to horizontal aluminium bar 200/120/16 mm steel RHS column: hollow, concrete fill or solid, 1350 mm off-centre

ELEMENT 1.

350 mm pre-stressed reinforced concrete ceiling slab

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BUILDING NOW

3.1 WALL TO ROOF INTERFACE

PLAN CONTEXT

25 mm ceramic floor finish 50 mm floor finish (probably thermal construction board consisting of polystyrene, glass fibre and cement based mortar) 100 mm cavity with steel support bolts

E N VE LO P E A N D F IR S T F LO O R S L A B CO N N E CT IO N

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PREVIOUS BUILDING

SCALE 1:25

SCALE 1:50

RO O F

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3. JUNCTION DETAILS (1:5, 1:20 2D DRAWINGS)

2. INTEGRATED 3D ENVELOPE STUDY

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no openable windows within structure

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1. Inclined columns (primary structure) The layout of the suspended structure follows the sequence of 1.35 designated by inclined columns.

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2. First layer of triple glazed panels.

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3. RHS steel bars - protruding elements shape triangular, supporting frame for vertical fins and metal grating.

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4. Aluminium fins - interconnected vertical plates follow the inclination of internal columns creating organic facade. They bond the steel frame at the top and bottom of each facade panel.

5. Metal grating - provides space for envelope maintenance.

6. Second layer of triple glazed panels - aluminium frames simplify the assembly process, additional layer of glazing contributes to the acoustics and thermal performance of facade.

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3.3 EXTERNAL WALL TO GROUND SLAB DETAIL

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Envelope maintenance works required

Glazing replacement

CHANGE OVER TIME Although the design office and IOC prioritised the flexibility since the early design process, it is likely that building lifespan will be shorter as assumed (or that it will require renovation) due to the longevity of chosen materials. The concrete slabs and walls are not likely to be affected due to the long estimated lifespan (estimated 50-100 years), aluminium fins and frame are estimated to last for 60-80 years, furthermore they can be recycled after. Yet the triple glazed panels can be easier affected by weather conditions, damp and overall usage ending in estimated longevity of 20-30 years. At this moment , such panels are the most sustainable choice, but in several decades they can result in very expensive maintenance costs.

2.2 ENVELOPE ASSEMBLY (SEQUENTIAL THUMBNAILS)

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1. Once the primary and secondary structure is constructed, vertical triple-glazed panels are fitted into the aluminium slats joined to the concrete blocks on the top and bottom of each floor. Each panel was then sealed using vertical silicone caulk joints.

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2. Assembly of suspended facade support; steel, rectangular bars are mounted to the steel plates - joints connected to the top part of horizontal, aluminium cladding.

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5. Steel frames with metal grating are bolted to the steel joints connected to main structure.

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3 3. Horizontal, transom bars with aluminium caps are connected to the assembled steel profiles.

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6. Laminated safety glass panels in aluminium frames are fixed to aluminium profiles located at the top and bottom of each fin.

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25 mm ceramic floor finish 50 mm floor finish (probably thermal construction board consisting of polystyrene, glass fibre and cement based mortar) 100 mm cavity with steel support bolts 350 mm pre-stressed reinforced concrete ceiling slab Suspended ceiling system: soundproofing, ventilation, loudspeakers, fire alarm, lighting 90/90 mm aluminium module 450/55/2 mm aluminium sheet metal cladding for steel RHS profiles 30 mm metal grating on 60/30/8 mm steel h-profile frame 60/100 mm metal H- frame with 40/80 mm concrete blocks mounted into 20/100 mm steel bars 80 mm and 60 mm fibreglass insulation fill Aluminium clad profile 12–18 mm silicone joint 100/150 mm and 50/100 mm steel connectors bolted to horizontal aluminium bar 200/120/16 mm steel RHS column: hollow, concrete fill or solid, 1350 mm off-centre

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500/1200 mm reinforced concrete upstand beam on ground floor ceiling slab 200 mm fibreglass insulation 120 mm fibreglass insulation 300 mm and 60 mm insulation Vapour/damp proof barrier 100/50/80 mm steel RHS first floor facade fin bracing 30 mm metal grating on 60/30/8 mm steel h-profile frame Triple thermal glazing 8 mm + 14 mm cavity + 6 mm + 14 mm cavity + 25,3 mm lam. safety glass with vertical silicone caulk joint 17,5 mm lam. safety glass adhesively bonded to 32/70 mm aluminium profile 50 mm gravel fill 150/200 mm metal profile frame Soil for vegetation

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Roof cladding - weather conditions resistance Water drainage Drainage system Drainage support structure Vapour and damp protection Secondary roof structure Roof structural frame elements - structure support Roof secondary structure lightweight components Provision of thermal comfort and efficiency Provision of thermal comfort and efficiency Roof primary structure - lightweight structural beam Vapour and damp protection Primary, loadbearing structure Maintenance and services space Suspended roof finish - lightweight panels for simplified maintenance and visual comfort.

Protection from sun glare Thermal, acoustic comfort, provision of natural light, moisture resistance Automated sun and heat control Thermal, acoustic comfort, provision of natural light, moisture resistance

Visual and maintenance comfort and efficiency Improved thermal performance Floor boards support system + structural integrity Primary, loadbearing structure Maintenance and services space Facade support system joinery for glazed panels + improved facade stability through interconnection of aluminium fins.

Maintenance space + shading (sun glare protection) Secondary structure; joinery element between primary structure and envelope.

Provision of thermal comfort and efficiency Weather protection Triple glazing stability and sealing - protection from moisture Flexible, structural support system for metal grating Primary structure element - loadbearing column

Primary structure - loadbearing components Provision of thermal comfort and efficiency Provision of thermal comfort and efficiency Provision of thermal comfort and efficiency Vapour and damp protection Bracing for first floor aluminium fins - secondary structure support system Support structure for suspended facade - helps with bearing the facade loads and provides stability + space for maintenance Thermal, acoustic comfort, provision of natural light, moisture resistance Thermal, acoustic comfort, provision of natural light, moisture resistance Protection of the damp/ vapours membranes beneath.

Structural barrier for greenery Vegetation