Psychology for Non-Majors Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Psychology for Non-Majors offers an accessible introduction to the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications of psychology for students from all disciplines. The course covers key topics such as perception, learning, memory, personality, motivation, mental health, and social behavior, providing insights into how individuals think, feel, and interact. Emphasis is placed on understanding psychological principles as they relate to everyday life, critical thinking, and personal development, empowering students to apply psychological knowledge in diverse contexts regardless of their primary field of study.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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17 Chapters
3025 Verified Questions
3025 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cognitive psychology emphasizes the importance of perception,memory,and thinking.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A neuroscientist would be MOST interested in how ____________ affects behavior.
A) learning that occurs when we are very young
B) culture,ethnicity,and gender
C) genes,hormones,and brain chemistry
D) environment
Answer: C
Q3) The notion of the self-concept was particularly important to the psychological movement known as ____________.
Answer: humanistic psychology
Q4) Psychology is defined as the science of:
A) human behavior.
B) learning and motivation.
C) feelings.
D) behavior and mental processes.
Answer: D
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sonja believes the pill her doctor gave her has cured her of her anxiety disorder,even though the pill contained no active ingredients.Sonja's belief is an example of the ____________ effect.
A) control
B) bias
C) dependent
D) placebo
Answer: D
Q2) The freedom to withdraw from an experiment at any time falls under the ethical principle of:
A) informed consent
B) humane treatment
C) limited deception
D) confidentiality
Answer: A
Q3) The middle point,when all scores are listed from smallest to largest,is referred to as the ____________ of the distribution.
Answer: median
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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Synaptic transmission can be altered through the use of drugs that chemically alter the function of neurotransmitters.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The inside of a polarized neuron is more ____________ charged than the outside is.
Answer: negatively
Q3) Messages coming from the central nervous system to the organs and muscles travel on ____________ nerves.
Answer: efferent
Q4) Which function of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fact that it often takes people a long time to calm down after a stressful event?
A) directly affects organs
B) communicating between the brain and spinal cord
C) carries messages to the skeletal muscles
D) stimulates adrenal glands to influence organs with hormones
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are differences in cognitive performance more closely related to people's biological sex or to their gender identity?
A) They are more closely related to SEX than to gender identity.
B) They are more closely related to GENDER IDENTITY than to sex.
C) They are EQUALLY related to sex and to gender identity.
D) They are UNRELATED to both sex and gender identity
Q2) In the United States most parents would prefer their children present themselves as: A) shy.
B) inhibited.
C) assertive.
D) reserved.
Q3) Gender identity refers to:
A) one's view of self as male or female.
B) the cultural roles prescribed to males and females.
C) one's external anatomy.
D) sexual orientation.
Q4) Twin studies and adoption studies help examine the influence of ____________ on humans.
Q5) ____________ is the subjective experience of being a male or female.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which skin receptors are wound around the base of hairs?
A) basket cells
B) free nerve endings
C) specialized end bulbs
D) tactile discs
Q2) Which depth perception cue involves information from the muscles that change the shape of the lens?
A) convergence
B) retinal disparity
C) vertical position
D) accommodation
Q3) A waitperson can detect the addition of one 8-ounce glass of water on a tray already holding four 8-ounce glasses of water.If the waitperson has eight 8-ounce glasses of water on the tray,how many glasses would need to be added before the additional weight was noticed?
A) one
B) two
C) four
D) eight
Q4) The ____________ of a sound wave determines pitch.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we incorporate daily events into our dreams,it is called ____________.
Q2) If a person doesn't want to feel fatigued,____________ would temporarily increase his energy.
A) a depressant
B) an inhalant
C) a stimulant
D) marijuana
Q3) In the United States,when we lose an hour of sleep with the changing of the clocks in the spring,the rate of deaths due to injury increases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____________ is an herbal supplement in the stimulant class of psychotropic drugs and is sold as a dietary supplement.
Q5) How many stages of non-REM sleep are there?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Q6) Excessive relaxation of the throat muscles during sleep can cause ____________.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Becoming sexually aroused every time an individual sees a digital watch is an example of a fetish.Fetishes are believed to result from:
A) negative reinforcement.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) classical conditioning.
D) vicarious learning.
Q2) In a study by Ader,researchers were able to produce immune system suppression in rats by pairing:
A) a yellow light with an immunosuppressive drug.
B) a yellow light with an electric shock.
C) saccharin-flavored water with an immunosuppressive drug.
D) saccharin-flavored water with an electric shock.
Q3) As a child,a bee stung you.Now you have a fear of insects in general.You have developed:
A) spontaneous recovery.
B) stimulus generalization.
C) stimulus disinhibition.
D) stimulus discrimination.
Q4) In using punishment,it is important to punish ____________ not people.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interference is most likely to occur when the new and old information are:
A) the same.
B) similar.
C) moderately different.
D) very different.
Q2) When asking eyewitnesses about their accounts of events,it is important not to ask them ____________ questions.
Q3) An episodic memory is a memory for meaning,without reference to a time or place.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It has been suggested that "forgetting" in long-term memory is largely due to:
A) motivated forgetting.
B) retrieval failure.
C) decay.
D) displacement.
Q5) In chronic alcoholism,thiamine deficiency can lead to ____________.
Q6) When new memories interfere with the recall of old memories,proactive interference is occurring.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In our culture,creativity is linked with:
A) convergent thinking.
B) divergent thinking.
C) circular thinking.
D) logical thinking.
Q2) Concepts defined by the simultaneous presence of two or more common characteristics are referred to as:
A) prototypical concepts.
B) simple concepts.
C) disjunctive concepts.
D) conjunctive concepts.
Q3) Research on primate language has suggested which of the following?
A) Chimps cannot master a vocabulary of more than a couple dozen words.
B) Chimps can ask questions but cannot supply answers to questions asked of them.
C) Chimps use the language they were taught with humans but not with other chimps.
D) Chimps can learn words,but their signs do not appear to show syntax.
Q4) An intelligence score that is based on comparisons with other individuals' scores is called a ____________.
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11
Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transductive reasoning involves errors in inference of cause-and-effect relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The total brain weight for an average person in their 80s is about 50% less than for a person in their 50s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Stage theorists believe that the changes occurring from one stage to the next make children quantitatively,but not qualitatively,different.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When an infant feels his mother's nipple on his cheek,he will turn his head to search for the nipple.This reflex is called the:
A) neonatal reflex.
B) rooting reflex.
C) sucking reflex.
D) Babinski reflex.
Q5) Summarize the physical changes associated with puberty for males and females.
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which parts of the brain work to initiate eating?
A) the pituitary gland and the lateral hypothalamus
B) the ventromedial hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamus
C) the paraventricular nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus
D) the paraventricular nucleus and the ventromedial hypothalamus
Q2) According to Ervin Staub's theory to explain gang violence in America,children who join gangs are likely to have experienced:
A) inadequate parenting but acceptance by peers in school.
B) both harsh and rejecting parenting and peer rejection.
C) adequate parenting but a great deal of exposure to media violence.
D) adequate parenting but a significant trauma.
Q3) The kidneys release angiotensin when:
A) the pituitary gland signals them.
B) blood sugar levels are dropping.
C) blood volume decreases.
D) ADH reaches the kidney.
Q4) Izard incorporated the facial feedback hypothesis into the ____________ theory of emotions.
Q5) Explain the relevance of the facial feedback hypothesis to the James-Lange theory.
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the ____________,individuals are asked to make up stories about pictures of people.
Q2) Stacy is described by her friends as reliable,hard working,creative,and original.According to the "big- five" personality dimensions,Soleki would be described as high in:
A) neuroticism and agreeableness.
B) conscientiousness and extroversion.
C) openness and extroversion.
D) conscientiousness and openness.
Q3) Cross-cultural research attempting to validate the five-factor model of personality traits has suggested that the personality traits present in different cultures are ____________,and the average levels of various characteristics are
A) different;different
B) different;similar
C) similar;different
D) similar;similar
Q4) Carl Jung is credited with the idea of the collective unconscious.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,males are ____________ women to be HIV-positive.
A) as likely as
B) three times more likely than C) five times more likely than D) eight times more likely than
Q2) In the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Scale,which life event is at the top of the rating scale?
A) divorce
B) death of spouse
C) death of a close family member
D) personal injury or illness
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about gender differences in response to stress?
A) Men are more likely than women to experience anxiety,depression,and sleep disturbances subsequent to a trauma.
B) Women are more likely than men to experience anxiety,depression,and sleep disturbances subsequent to a trauma.
C) Men tend to experience more severe stressful situations than women.
D) Men are less emotional overall because of genetic differences.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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211 Verified Questions
211 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given the definition of abnormal behavior as used by the mental health community,approximately what percentage of individuals in the United States meet the criteria for abnormal behavior?
A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 10%
D) 20%
Q2) As Austin nears his final exams,he is experiencing a chronic and sharp pain in his chest.Although he visits his doctor,no medical cause can be found to explain Austin's pain.His instructors allow him to take his final exams during the following semester.Austin is MOST likely to be experiencing:
A) a somatoform pain disorder.
B) a conversion disorder.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) somatization disorder.
Q3) In the catatonic state,allowing oneself to be passively placed into any posture and then maintaining it is called ____________.
Q4) A ____________ is an irresistible urge to engage in ritualized or repetitive behaviors.
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Relating external events to yourself when there is no logical reason for doing so is considered to be which of the following by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck?
A) personalization
B) overgeneralization
C) arbitrary inference
D) selective abstraction
Q2) Cognitive-behavior therapists believe that the main element needed to eliminate a phobia is:
A) unconditional regard.
B) assertiveness training.
C) exposure.
D) cognitive talk.
Q3) Prefrontal lobotomies were originally thought to be effective in reducing the intensity of violent outbursts,but it was later discovered that side effects such as seizures and reduced intellectual functioning were more damaging.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When used today,electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat ____________.
Q5) Gestalt therapy was developed by ____________.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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192 Verified Questions
192 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The group that is MOST likely to mindlessly pursue a stupid plan is the group that has:
A) good cohesiveness.
B) a leader who suggests brainstorming.
C) several bitter factions that strongly disagree with each other.
D) past experiences with failure.
Q2) Social psychology is primarily concerned with:
A) individuals as they interact with other people.
B) personality development.
C) learning through the influence of models and reinforcements.
D) community health and health practices.
Q3) If a cohesive group identifies one member to serve as "the devil's advocate," the group will:
A) make fewer faulty decisions or mistakes.
B) dissolve before any decisions can be made.
C) make hasty decisions to avoid further conflict.
D) remain deadlocked and unable to reach any consensus.
Q4) ____________ theory states that partners in a relationship will be comfortable only when the ratio between their perceived contributions and benefits is equal.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is clear that air pollution is leading to:
A) a glass ceiling effect.
B) falls in ocean levels.
C) global warming.
D) the loss of top soil in Canada.
Q2) In terms of trying to equalize the hiring standards for whites and minorities,which of the following is illegal?
A) developing new testing methods to predict job performance
B) doing away with intelligence tests as part of the hiring criteria
C) placing greater emphasis on tests of job knowledge and skills
D) setting different minimum qualifying scores for different ethnic groups
Q3) Of the following,the WORST predictor of future job performance is information based on:
A) projective tests and handwriting analysis.
B) performance tests.
C) intelligence tests.
D) simulated management tasks.
Q4) Project Follow Through was an educational experiment in which researchers were asked to develop educational programs for ____________ children.
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