Pathophysiology for Physical Therapist Assistants
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the foundational concepts of pathophysiology as they relate to the practice of physical therapy. Emphasizing the dynamic processes of disease and injury, the curriculum explores alterations in physiological functions across major body systems and their clinical manifestations. Students will learn how common diseases, disorders, and injuries impact movement, functional abilities, and patient outcomes. By understanding underlying disease mechanisms, physical therapist assistants will gain insight into the rationale for certain interventions and precautions, enabling them to more effectively assist in patient care planning and delivery under the supervision of a physical therapist.
Recommended Textbook
Pathology for the Physical Therapist Assistant 1st Edition by Penelope J. Lescher
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Chapter 1: Inflammation and Healing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in healing by second intention?
A) A 40-year-old woman sustains a knife wound to the finger while cutting vegetables.No stitches are necessary,and the wound heals well.
B) A 30-year-old man is attacked in the street by a woman holding a knife and sustains a deep but straight knife wound to the forearm.He is treated at the local hospital.The wound is cleansed,and he receives six stitches in the wound.The man is discharged home to return in 10 days for removal of the stitches.
C) A 60-year-old woman has a total hip replacement.Her surgical incision heals well,and her staples are removed after 10 days when the wound has already closed.
D) A 60-year-old woman with diabetes has an open wound on her lower leg as a result of poor venous circulation.She is treated in physical therapy.The wound is cleansed using the pulsatile lavage unit,and a dressing is applied before she returns home.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Immunopathology, neoplasia, and
Chromosome
Abnormalities
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Q1) A type IV hypersensitivity reaction,also known as a cell-mediated response,is different from other types of hypersensitivity responses in that it causes a delayed rather than an immediate tissue response.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) All of the following are examples of a type I hypersensitivity reaction EXCEPT:
A) allergic rhinitis.
B) atopic dermatitis.
C) blood transfusion incompatibility.
D) bronchial asthma.
Answer: C
Q3) Angiogenesis is:
A) the process of developing a cancerous tumor.
B) the process of a tumor spreading to other areas of the body.
C) the process of reepithelialization of the skin after injury.
D) the process of development of a blood supply to a tumor.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient relates being able to walk for about 15 feet and then experiences severe pain in his posterior lower leg (calf).He is unable to use his exercise bike or stand still for more than 1 minute without having the same pain.The most likely explanation is:
A) cyanosis.
B) intermittent claudication.
C) palpitations.
D) syncope.
Answer: B
Q2) Hodgkin's disease is a nonmalignant disease of the white blood cells.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding the LEFT atrium of the heart is true?
A) It receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
B) It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
C) It receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary arteries.
D) It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Respiratory Diseases
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Q1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis,which causes tuberculosis,is transmitted through casual contact and is easily passed from one person to another in generally healthy people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The accessory muscles of inhalation include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) pectoralis major and pectoralis minor.
B) rectus abdominis and quadratus lumborum.
C) serratus anterior and trapezius.
D) sternocleidomastoid and scalenes.
Q3) Which of the following lung capacities and volumes are measured using a spirometer?
A) Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)and vital capacity (VC)
B) Functional residual capacity (FRC)
C) Residual volume (RV)and inspiratory capacity (IC)
D) Tidal volume (TV)and expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
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Chapter 5: Degenerative Joint Diseases and Bone Pathologies
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Q1) Unicondylar knee resurfacing is a surgery in which one side of the internal surface of the knee is replaced and is an alternative to a total knee arthroplasty.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The clinical picture of osteoarthrosis (OA)includes all the following EXCEPT:
A) joint crepitus.
B) reduced range of motion.
C) morning stiffness that lasts several hours.
D) stiffness of joints after inactivity that improves with movement.
Q3) Osteochondromas,also called exostoses,are the most common benign tumors of bone in children and are usually located in the distal femur.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following signs and symptoms is NOT indicative of osteoarthrosis (OA)?
A) Cartilage fibrillation
B) Eburnation of bone ends
C) Osteophytes
D) Swan-neck deformity of the fingers
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Conditions
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Q1) People with sarcoidosis may have symptoms of fatigue,chest pain,shortness of breath,skin lesions,and joint pains.Approximately 60% to 70% of people with the condition experience spontaneous healing within 24 to 36 months of the onset of the condition.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with aching,stiffness,and pain in multiple areas of the body.The diagnostic criteria for the condition include depression,morning stiffness,and weight loss,as well as these other symptoms.Patients must have all of the signs and symptoms included in the diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement regarding rheumatoid arthritis (RA)is NOT true?
A) Many people with RA have rheumatoid factor in their blood.
B) The joints most affected in the early stages of RA are the proximal interphalangeal joints (PIPs)and the metacarpophalangeal joints (MTPs).
C) Joints are usually affected symmetrically.
D) Early morning stiffness generally lasts less than 30 minutes.
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Chapter 7: Neurological Disorders
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Q1) Autism spectrum disorder encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders including Asperger's syndrome,Rett's syndrome,and classical autism.The cause of autism is unknown but is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.Children with all types of the disorder exhibit impairment of social interaction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The area of the brain associated with emotions is the:
A) basal ganglia.
B) limbic system.
C) somatic motor system.
D) vestibular system.
Q3) A technique used by physical therapists that involves restricting the use of the unaffected upper extremity in people who have experienced a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)is:
A) the Alexander technique.
B) constraint-induced movement therapy.
C) the Feldenkrais method.
D) myofascial release.
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Chapter 8: Burns and Skin Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the actual cause of ischemic ulcers?
A) Darkened hyperpigmentation of the skin
B) Overexposure to the sun
C) Pain at rest
D) Reduction in oxygenation perfusion of the tissues
Q2) It is possible for some people to develop pressure ulcers in less than 2 hours.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following are thermal injuries to the skin EXCEPT:
A) boils.
B) burns.
C) frostbite.
D) immersion foot.
Q4) In the classification of pressure ulcers,which stage is described as full-thickness skin loss with subcutaneous tissue necrosis?
A) Closed pressure ulcer
B) Stage I
C) Stage II
D) Stage III
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Chapter 9: Endocrine, metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
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Q1) Physical therapy can be indicated for this disease if left undetected in children and mental retardation occurs:
A) diabetes mellitus.
B) phenylketonuria.
C) vitamin A deficiency.
D) Wilson's disease.
Q2) All of the following are complications of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT: A) amyotrophy.
B) reduced function of kidneys.
C) retinopathy.
D) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
Q3) Hypothyroidism
A)Perform gentle exercise and mobility
B)Improve endurance and strengthen muscle
C)Manage arthritic symptoms and perform muscle strengthening exercises
D)Treat muscle and soft tissues deficits that may arise
E)Treat the physical deficits caused by the disease process
Q4) Bulging eyes is one sign of Grave's disease.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
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Q1) The hepatitis A virus can be viable for months outside of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following signs and symptoms are part of the AIDS dementia complex EXCEPT:
A) behavioral changes.
B) muscle weakness.
C) seizures.
D) stroke.
Q3) Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by an RNA virus?
A) Hantavirus
B) Pertussis
C) Rubeola
D) West Nile virus
Q4) Diphtheria
A)Contact with infected rodents or rodent urine or feces
B)Mosquito bite
C)Respiratory droplets via coughing or sneezing
D)Sexual contact
E)Tick bite
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Chapter 11: Female and Male Reproductive System
Conditions
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Q1) Estimating the date of delivery is calculated using Nägele's rule.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are signs and symptoms of benign prostate hyperplasia EXCEPT:
A) constipation.
B) nocturia.
C) urinary tract infection.
D) urine retention in the bladder.
Q3) Which of the following describes why the mobilization of joints on a pregnant woman is NOT recommended?
A) Frequency of micturition
B) Increase in blood volume
C) Lactation
D) Relaxing of the ligaments
Q4) Special vaginal weights are used in the treatment of this condition:
A) Dyspareunia
B) Ectopic pregnancy
C) Endometriosis
D) Pelvic floor weakness
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Chapter 12: Diseases of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Physical therapy intervention for rectal prolapse may include electrical stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An ulcer is also known as erosive gastritis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following are general signs and symptoms of urinary tract diseases EXCEPT:
A) aneuria.
B) deep vein thrombosis.
C) pain in low back.
D) postvoid dribbling.
Q4) Bile salts
A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Salivary glands
D)Small intestine
E)Stomach
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Chapter 13: Intensive Care
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Q1) It is appropriate when performing postural drainage on an infant to place the infant over one's knee.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT indicative of what may be found with a patient with end-stage renal disease?
A) Catheter
B) Oxygen therapy
C) Patient fatigues quickly
D) Unrestricted fluid intake
Q3) In adults,what is the normal range for intracranial pressure in mm Hg?
A) 0 to 5
B) 0 to 10
C) 5 to 10
D) 5 to 15
Q4) It is not always necessary to check in with the patient's nurse before starting treatment in the ICU.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: The Geriatric Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) When working with patients with dementia,it is important to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A) use group exercise.
B) use simple,brief instructions.
C) use the person's name frequently.
D) use your irritation to facilitate a therapeutic reaction.
Q2) Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
A)Rare,benign tumor of the eighth cranial nerve located in the internal auditory canal
B)Abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear resulting in deafness
C)Blockage of the endolymphatic duct of the ear and a subsequent buildup of fluid in the inner ear
D)Dizziness and/or vertigo with a change in head position
E)Inflammation of the inner ear that may be either in both ears or one ear
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of aging?
A) Decreased cardiac output
B) Feelings of isolation
C) Reduction in lung elasticity
D) Thickening of arteries and capillaries
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