Foundations of Audiology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Foundations of Audiology introduces students to the scientific principles and clinical practices associated with the field of audiology. The course covers the anatomy and physiology of the auditory and vestibular systems, the physics of sound, and the basic concepts of hearing assessment and diagnosis. Students learn about common auditory disorders, hearing conservation, and the psychological and social effects of hearing loss. Emphasis is placed on the development of foundational skills essential for hearing healthcare professionals, including an introduction to audiometric evaluation, interpretation of results, and ethical considerations in audiology.
Recommended Textbook
Human Communication Disorders 8th Edition by Noma B. Anderson
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18 Chapters
351 Verified Questions
351 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction: Human Communication Disorders: a Philosophy and Practice of Science in Service
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence-based practice refers to the application of
A)Research to clinical decision making
B)Clinical expertise to clinical decision making
C)Clinical experience to clinical decision making
D)All of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Communication disorders cross all age,racial,gender and socioeconomic lines.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Eleven-year old Isabel thrusts her tongue forward when she produces many speech sounds and when she swallows.Her orthodontist wants her to reverse this tongue thrust pattern before she puts braces on Isabel's teeth.The orthodontist refers Isabel's parents to
A)An audiologist
B)A speech-language pathologist
C)An occupational therapist
D)A special education teacher
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Development of Communication, language, and Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) The traditional approach to describing speech sounds is based on place and manner of articulation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The word "jumping" has free and bound morphemes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Syntax is an aspect of
A)Language form
B)Language content
C)Language use
D)Paralanguage
Answer: A
Q4) Phonology is one component of language content.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Biology and Physics of Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bilabial refers to producing speech sounds using the two lips.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The anatomy and physiology of the vocal mechanism constitutes the biology of speech.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The acoustics and perception of sound constitutes the physics of speech.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) In most people,the right hemisphere is dominant for language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Multicultural and Multilingual Considerations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Communication difference
A)Normal language patterns that vary from the national standard
B)Normal language patterns associated with a speech community
C)Normal language patterns that may be described as dialects or accents
D)A and C only
Q2) Sociolinguistics
A)The study of language acquisition
B)The study of language disorders
C)The study of social and cultural influences on language use and structure
D)The study of language therapy
Q3) A communication difference is not always a communication disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Vernacular
A)Informal varieties of a dialect
B)Formal varieties of a dialect
C)Variations in written language
D)School language
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Chapter 5: Genetics: Basis for Development and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human genome
A)A recognizable pattern of abnormalities that indicate a particular trait or disease
B)The visualization of an organism's chromosomes
C)Slight variations in our genes that contribute to individual differences
D)The complete set of genes,estimated to be 30,000 in number
Q2) Consultation with a genetic counselor may be helpful for speech-language pathologists and audiologists if their client has
A)Traumatic brain injury
B)Tongue thrust
C)Pierre Robin Syndrome
D)Aphasia
Q3) Phenotypes refer to
A)The physical and behavioral characteristics of inheritance displayed by an individual
B)The expressed genes and unexpressed genomes
C)Both a and b
D)None of the above
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Chapter 6: Articulatory and Phonological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phonology refers to
A)The motor movements involved in the production of speech
B)Categories of meanings represented by speech sounds
C)Rules of constraints and use of speech sound system
D)All of the above
Q2) Children with articulation and phonology disorders often present with reading disabilities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Articulation and phonological disorders may be caused by
A)Cleft palate
B)Hearing loss
C)Cerebral palsy
D)All of the above
Q4) Stimulability refers to
A)How easily the client can detect the error sounds
B)How readily the client can produce the correct version of the error sounds
C)The ease with which listeners understand the speaker's speech
D)How closely the client's speech resembles age-referenced norms
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Chapter 7: Stuttering and Other Disorders of Fluency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Momentary increases in vocal pitch while repeating or prolonging a sound,syllable or word is a warning sign that a person is stuttering.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Elise is a 6 year old who exhibits whole-word and part-word repetitions usually when producing nouns and verbs.These repetitions increase when Elise is excited and she has been heard to refer to herself as a stutterer.Yet,Elise is not concerned about her speech.Elise is demonstrating
A)Phase 1 in the developmental stages of stuttering
B)Phase 2 in the developmental stages of stuttering
C)Phase 3 in the developmental stages of stuttering
D)Phase 4 in the developmental stages of stuttering
Q3) Excessive eye blinking while speaking may be an accessory activity of stuttering. A)True
B)False
Q4) Approximately 10% of the population present with a stuttering disorder.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Voice Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Speech-language pathologists should always inform physicians of a voice client's medical diagnosis before beginning therapy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Breathiness and hoarseness are caused by periodic vibrations of the vocal folds.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Baby Sam presented with strident breathing and high-pitched crying with a hoarse vocal quality at birth.Transnasal endoscopic examination revealed a membranous tissue extending from one vocal fold to the other.The medial diagnosis was probably A)Vocal cysts
B)Laryngeal web
C)Papillomata
D)Laryngeal carcinoma
Q4) The quality of voice cannot be completely separated from pitch and loudness. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Cleft Lip and Palate and Other Craniofacial Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hyponasality refers to too much air flow through the nasal cavity when speaking.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Because Amy exhibits VPI,her speech is most likely to demonstrate
A)Hyponasality
B)Hypernasality
C)Denasality
D)Balanced oral and nasal resonance
Q3) Surgical repair of a cleft palate is usually performed around the age of 3 or 4.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Babies born with isolated cleft palate are more likely than those born with cleft lip and palate to have other birth defects that represent an identifiable syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The prevalence rates for cleft lip/palate vary among Native Americans,Asians,Caucasians,and persons with African heritage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Neurogenic Disorders of Speech in Children and Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most frequently occurring type of cerebral palsy is spastic cerebral palsy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most frequently occurring dysarthria is spastic dysarthria.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Shaun's speech is unintelligible.All aspects of his speech production are impaired including articulation,resonance,phonation and respiration.His speech is characterized by imprecise consonant articulation,monopitch,reduced stress,harsh voice quality,strangled voice quality,pitch breaks and hypernasality.Shaun most likely is exhibiting
A)Spastic dysarthria
B)Ataxic dysarthria
C)Hypokinetic dysarthria
D)Hyperkinetic dysarthria
Q4) Flaccidity refers to muscle weakness.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Developmental Language Impairment During
the Preschool Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Michael's literal repetition of his teacher's questions may be
A)Babbling
B)Stuttering
C)Coprrolalia
D)Echolalia
Q2) Significant expressive language delay rarely interferes with social development and academic achievement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Parents begin to attribute meaning to their child's behaviors
A)Around six months of age
B)When the child produces his first word
C)Starting at birth
D)When the child purposefully uses vocalizations and gestures to gain attention
Q4) Children who do not effectively use early communicative vocalizations and gestures to establish joint attention and to engage in social interaction often experience language delay later in life.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Language Disabilities in School-Age Children and Youth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Communication breakdowns among school-age children with language impairments are more likely to occur at the sentence utterance)level than at the discourse level.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The speech-language pathologist decides to participate in a science experiment on electricity with Thomas' sixth grade class.The speech-language pathologist hopes to gather information about Thomas' language and communication skills as part of an overall assessment process.This assessment procedure is referred to as
A)Probing
B)Language sample analysis
C)Participant interview
D)Participant observation
Q3) Students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds are more likely to experience SLI than students from mainstream backgrounds.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 13: From Emergent Literacy to Literacy:
Development and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Six-year old James was referred to the speech-language pathologist because of oral language delay and academic failure,especially in reading and writing.The speech-language pathologist knows that there is a relationship between oral language and literacy and recalls that there are several factors contributing to the development of emergent literacy.So in addition to assessing James' language skills,the speech-language pathologist decides to get additional information about James'
A)SES and language and cultural background
B)Home literacy environment
C)Family history of language impairment
D)All of the above
Q2) Emergent literacy instruction should begin in the first or second grade.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Vocabulary and knowledge of story structure are critical to literacy development.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Aphasia and Related Acquired Language Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) To visualize Bill's brain injury to determine its extent,his physician requested a A)Transnasal endoscopic examination
B)MRI
C)BDAE
D)CADL-2
Q2) Recently,pharmacological treatments have proven efficacious for aphasia patients.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Smith had a stroke 3 days ago.He presents with paresis of the right arm and leg.His speech is characterized by imprecise articulation,slow rate,and many grammatical errors making his speech difficult to understand.His comprehension of language is fairly good.Mr.Smith presents with
A)Wernicke's aphasia
B)Anomic aphasia
C)Broca's aphasia
D)Global aphasia
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Chapter 15: Augmentative and Alternative Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Augmentative communication strategies supplement residual speech,while alternative communication strategies replace speech.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As the speech-language pathologist assigned to the brain and spinal cord injury unit for adolescents at the local children's hospital,you work with many,previously socially and physically active,teens suffering from acute brain injury secondary to motor vehicle accidents.
A)You stockpile sets of Blissymbol Kits because you want to introduce your patients to complex AAC systems early so they won't feel insulted.
B)You stockpile sets of dedicated communication devices that are easily accessible and require little learning time that patients can use while hospitalized.
C)You arrange with a computer company to order custom designed AAC systems for each patient that will only take 2-3 weeks to arrive upon confirmation of order and payment.
D)You arrange to be present or have family members present whenever the patient wants to communicate with medical staff or visitors.
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Chapter 16: Swallowing: Process and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the normal swallow,the vocal folds open to protect the airway.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Jolly Rancher takes a trip.He begins his journey in an open space.This space is bound by lips and teeth on the eastern border,the hard and soft palates and teeth on the northern border,the tongue and teeth on the southern border and the faucial pillars and velopharyngeal port on the western border.The location of the Jolly Rancher is the
A)Oral cavity
B)Nasal cavity
C)Pharynx
D)Laryngeal region
Q3) Ho suffered a stroke 2 days ago.He has been referred for a swallowing evaluation.The main goal of the examination is to determine
A)Types of foods Mr.Ho is willing to eat.
B)Level of risk for aspiration.
C)Impact of culture on treatment.
D)Extent of neurological impairment affecting Mr.Ho's swallow.
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Chapter 17: Hearing and Hearing Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) 0 dB HL refers to the absence of sound.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One clinical service provided by audiologists is cerumen management.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many hospitals have a newborn hearing screening program.The screening methods most often used by such programs include
A)ABR and OAE
B)OAE and electrocochleography
C)Air and bone conduction testing
D)Tympanometry
Q4) Scott's bone conduction and air conduction test results revealed a significant air-bone gap for the right ear.What may be producing this air-bone gap?
A)Overgrowth of the mastoid bone
B)Presence of middle ear disease
C)Presence of sensorineural loss
D)Lesion of the auditory nerve
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Chapter 18: Audiologic Rehabilitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of hearing aids is to provide the impaired ear with an amplified signal to improve speech perception.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As the educational audiologist at Miller Elementary School,you plan a seminar to educate parents,teachers and students about the goals of an audiologic rehabilitation program.You tell them that
A)The primary goal of audiologic rehabilitation is to facilitate successful academic performance
B)You are responsible for the diagnosis and quantification of hearing loss and for making referrals when special testing is needed
C)You will provide counseling and guidance about hearing loss as needed
D)All of the above
Q3) Signing Exact English is a type of manual communication that differs in form from ASL.
A)True
B)False
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