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with the possibility to perform heavy reduction offers more opportunities to diminish centre line segregation as well as porosity in the slab centre. � References 1. Kajitani T, Drezet JM, Rappaz Mr, Numerical Simulation of Deformation-Induced Segregation in Continuous Casting of Steel. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2001; 32:1479–1491. 2. Miyazawa K, Schwerdtfeger K. Macrosegregation in continuously cast steel slabs – preliminary theoretical investigation on the effect of steady state bulging. Arch. Eisenhüttenwesen. 1981; 52:415 422. 3. Ayata K, Mori H, Taniguchi K, Matsuda H. Low Superheat Teeming with Electromagnetic Stirring. ISIJ International. 1995; 35:680–685. 4. Chang-Hee Y, Young-Mok W. On-line internal quality prediction technology of slab for heavy plates. La Revue de Métallurgie. 2008; 105:375– 382. 5. Sun Q, Yu G, Zhu Z. Study on the Relationship between the Cooling Condition in Width and the Centerline Segregation of the Slab. St. Louis, USA: AISTech; 2009. 1099–1110. 6. Mörwald K, Thalhammer M, Federspiel C, Gould L. Improvements in HIC Resistance with ASTC. Birmingham, UK: ECCC; 1994. 7. Chen X, Abraham S, Franco G, Asante J, D´Souza C, Dunnet K. Improving Centerline Segregation Control on X70 Products. Pittsburgh, USA: AISTech; 2010. 175–180. 8. Cappel J, Flender R, Höffken R, Kemper G, Wünnenberg K. Centre Segregation, Soft Reduction and Oxide Cleanness for Large Diameter Line Pipe with Highest Demands on HIC. Steel research Int. 2006; 76:588–594. 9. Ilie S, Fuchs R, Etzelsdorfer K, Chimani C, Mörwald K. Slab Quality improvement by Soft Reduction Technology. Riccione, Italy: ECCC; 2008. 10. Ramstorfer F, Dittenberger K, Hauser K, Hahn S. Dynacs3D - The new dimension in secondary cooling for slab casters. Düsseldorf, Germany: ECCC; 2011. 11. Braß HG, Krüger F, Schmidt N, Linneweber C, Oberaigner W, Bogner J, Leitner R. Improvement of slab quality at THYSSENKRUPP Steel Europe through Dynacs3D strand cooling model. Graz, Aus-tria: ECCC; 2014. 12. Hahn S, Schaden T. DynaPhase: Online calculation of thermodynamic properties during continuous casting. Graz, Austria: ECCC; 2014. 13. Leitner R, Fuchshuber D, Brugger C, Pennerstorfer P. The Digital Twin in Continuous Casting — A New Dimension in Automation Technology. Pittsburgh, USA: AISTech; 2019. 2524–2529. March 2022
Primetals.indd – read MM..indd 6
Fig 13. Macro etches of trial 1. Application of standard soft reduction practice using conventional SMART segments (a) and SRD segments (b)
Fig 14. Macro etches of trial 2. Application of standard soft reduction practice using conventional SMART segments (a) and increased soft reduction (125%) using SRD segments (b)
Fig 15. Macro etches of trial 3. Application of standard soft reduction practice using conventional SMART segments (a), increased soft reduction (175%) using SRD segments (b) and increased soft reduction (200%) using SRD segments (c)
14. Ramstorfer F, Trindade dos Santos G, Cunha Aranda V, Lourenco F, Martins Demuner L, Burzic D, Pennerstorfer P. A major step forward in improving internal slab quality – Development and first implementation of the Single Roll DynaGap (SRD) Segment at TERNIUM. Philadelphia, USA: AISTech; 2018. 1571-1582. 15. Hiraki S, Yamanaka A, Yoshihisa S, Satou Y, Kumakura S. Development of New Continuous Casting Technology (PCCS) for Very Thick Plate. Materia Japan. 2009; 48:20-22. 16. Yim CH, Seo JD. Advanced Steelmaking Technologies for CO2 Emission Reduction and Slab Quality Improvement. Dresden, Germany: ICS, 2012.
WEBINAR AND DEMONSTRATION An on-demand-webinar about SRD technology including an expert talk with TERNIUM and a demonstration of DynaGap Soft Reduction 3D is available under https:// tinyurl.com/2p9byxtv
Fig 16. Link to on-demand-webinar about SRD technology
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