“Love your experiments… iterations, attempts, trials, and errors.”
— Bruce Mau
Hi, I’m Patrick.
It has been almost ten years since I began my journey in architecture, and it remains an exciting field to explore, from its philosophical depth to its technical precision. What fascinates me most is the narrative behind design and how spaces become meaningful when they connect with the people who use them. I believe architecture plays an essential role in bridging nature and the built environment, so I always seek to respond to the culture, memory, and character of each place in my work.
Over time, I have integrated digital and data driven methods into my design process. I see computational tools, machine learning, and artificial intelligence as creative partners that extend intuition and allow ideas to be tested, refined, and communicated with greater depth and clarity. At the heart of my work is a simple drive. I enjoy testing ideas, making things, and learning through the process, all with one aim: creating spaces that bring happiness to their users while promoting sustainability, harmony with nature, and a strong sense of place.
In this portfolio I present a selection of works that reflect these values and explorations. I hope they offer a clear sense of how I approach design and the kind of contribution I can bring.
Developed under the theme of Commodification, this project advances a manifesto: cultures make cities both familiar and distinct from one another. Cultures leave deliberate inscriptions, here defined as symbols, not mere names or logos but representations of larger ideas. These symbols, like architecture, evolve over time through exchange and shifts in trends. Rather than disappearing, they resymbolize an enduring essence. The project follows this framework, examining symbols as design agents that evolve, persist, and invite reimagining.
The design employs machine learning as a creative instrument to reinterpret mythological data and explore how divine archetypes can inform spatial form. Three datasets: the divines, the rituals, and the olympics, structure the design process. The divines act as symbolic agents, curating the rituals dataset and reimagining the project through the performative framework of the Olympics dataset. Together they generate a speculative narrative in which the gods return to rehost the Olympics within the abandoned Faliro Stadium in Athens. Once a site of commodified spectacle, the stadium becomes a celestial pavilion park where ritual, myth, and data converge to question how architecture can embody the evolving nature of belief, memory, and meaning.
Deities and the Divine Datasets
The first dataset comprises 357 deities collected from 34 cultures around the world. It also includes 1,928 entries from mythologythemed sources and 1,270 constellations associated with those same cultures.
Satellites and the Ritual Datasets
The second dataset maps the material counterparts of temples, ritual oblations, and constellations, comprising 45 architectural typologies linked to 450 essential rooms, alongside 4,500 daily life items, 11,627 active satellites, and 16 architectural materials.
Faliro Coastal Stadium , Athens (2017)
Photograph by Thanassis Stavrakis
Theistic Machine
From a corpus of 1,928 mythology sources, the project applies natural language processing to model deity recognition. Using term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), the system extracts the top ten keywords that most strongly characterize each deity, yielding semantically representative descriptors grounded in the literature.
“thought stranger goodly form full though without trace age massive brow kindly mouth expression far seeing wisdom”, “tongue fell upon ear like music grieved flow wa interrupted question directly”, “wherefore day dear maiden winning voice manner must know better ere tale gain credence thee”, “language god seem understood thee alone foe ha profane crowd thou didst speak alone thou mountain”, “think thou wilt one fallen cloud strange man returned maiden homer speech homer self hear tale ere require thine”, “temple ruin prayer wa longer sacrifice made old priestly revenue sacred vessel carried away voice oracle dumb divine tongue wa forgotten scroll wisdom unread people turned human mechanic fisherman”, “one faithful servant father ti seven day since closed eye ever”, “said gazing sky eye could pierce voice reach beyond drifting cloud”,
broken link chain wrist ankle”, “ha taken man age assert ha yet would seem done enthrone new idol place old”, “expect thunderbolt dear maiden none come shall regain immortality feel since yesterday sorrow thee”, “feel pain dread one pain missing certain fellow mortal
Gods Curation
After the model recognizes the gods, the project leverages them as design agents, using Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training (CLIP) to curate preferences across architectural typologies, rooms, objects, sports, and materials.
In rehosting the Olympics, the twelve Olympians form teams of deities according to their preferred sports. Each group is composed of gods already associated with these preferences through curated datasets, using the chosen sports as parameters for spatial projection. The Olympian leaders introduce their own bias in selecting objects, which are then transformed into modular elements for constructing the pavilions.
Creating Pavilions
At the designated points, each pavilion is constructed using the respective deity’s preferred rooms and materials, incorporating fragments of the team leader’s selected items. The pavilion program then combines the deity’s selected typology with the host’s chosen sport.
Apollo Athena Dionysus
Demeter Hermes Artemis Hera Zeus Poseidon Hestia Hephaestus Aphrodite
By projecting each god’s chosen satellite across the timelines of
School for Children with Autism
School | 8000m2 | Bandung, Indonesia | Student Work | Final Architecture Project | 2020
Mentor: Caecilia Wijayaputri, B. Eng., M.Eng.
Kata /ka·ta/ (n): said; talk Ibu (n): woman who gave birth to someone; mother Kataibu, meaning “(as) mother says”, is inspired by the story of a mother’s unconditional love for her autistic child.
This project was proposed in response to the relatively high yet underreported number of children with autism in Bandung, Indonesia, and the limited availability of schools dedicated to their needs. Based on data and site research, the design focuses on creating an educational environment specifically tailored for children across the autism spectrum. Recognizing the diversity of cognitive and behavioral needs, the program integrates three key components: an elementary school for foundational learning, a therapy center for individual sessions, and vocational facilities for students with higher functional abilities.
Spatial studies defined the proportional requirements of each facility, prioritizing educational areas, followed by vocational and therapeutic spaces. This led to a site strategy with clear zoning and smooth circulation. Safety and sensory comfort guided the architectural form, which adopts an inward facing layout that encloses a secure courtyard with greenery and shade. The project intentionally excludes dormitory facilities to maintain family involvement in daily care, instead envisioning an earth toned and sensory friendly environment that encourages calmness, exploration, and a sense of belonging.
School Distribution in Bandung:
Special-Needs School Distribution in Bandung: total 44 Bandung, Indonesia
WHO estimates 1 in 100 children has ASD.
Frontiers in Psychiatry (2020) reports a prevalence of 6 per 1,000 children in Southeast Asia with ASD.
Autism-focused schools represent 11% of Bandung’s total 44 Special Needs Schools.
Addressing the Need for Autism Education
A survey by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1 in 100 children has Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A meta analysis by Hossain et al. (2020) published in Frontiers in Psychiatry reports that approximately 6 in every 1,000 children in Southeast Asia are affected by ASD.
Based on Bandung’s child population of 558,000 (ages 0 to 18, 2020), this suggests around 3,348 children may be on the autism spectrum. However, with only 44 Special Needs Schools (SLB) in the city, of which just five specialize in autism education, the current infrastructure accommodates only about 13 percent of the estimated need.
Program and Autism-Friendly Design Study
Research suggests that autistic students benefit from vocational education tailored to their specific strengths and challenges, as such programs improve skill development and post-school outcomes (Secondary School Experiences of Students With Autism, U.S. Department of Education, 2007). However, elementary education remains crucial, particularly when conducted in smaller classes with higher teacher-to-student ratios to provide individualized attention. Educational guidelines for autism emphasize the need for low student-teacher ratios, sometimes approaching one teacher for every four students, to ensure adequate support (National Education Association, 2013).
From an architectural perspective, studies such as Mostafa’s An Architecture for Autism (2008) and the Autism Planning and Design Guidelines (2018) recommend that autism-specific schools integrate natural spaces, soft spatial edges, and sensory zoning to reduce overstimulation. For more sensitive students, features such as acoustic control and muted color palettes can enhance focus and comfort within learning environments (Mostafa, 2008; Autism Planning and Design Guidelines, 2018).
More Nature Spaces More Acoustic Control
Gentle Colors
Soft Edges
Primary School
School
Vocational
Therapy Hub
The project begins by analyzing the site to identify buildable zones in accordance with local construction regulations. It starts with three primary building masses designed to accommodate the main functions: an elementary school, a vocational school, and an additional clinic based on the program study. These initial masses are then reshaped to integrate green spaces between the buildings and softened at the edges to form the final architectural composition.
Zoning Strategy
1. Primary School Building
Sensory Park
Garden
Vocational School Building
Plaza 6. Therapy Hub
Parking Area 8. Loading Dock 9. Utility Building 10. Green Space
The proposal for the revitalization of the National Center for Contemporary Art (NPAK) in Yerevan reimagines the museum as an open and accessible urban landmark. The design opens the existing ground level into a sunken public plaza that invites pedestrians to gather, rest, and visually engage with the museum interior from the city street. Above, a new gallery volume extends the existing structure, oriented toward Yerevan’s emerging development zone and aligned with the main urban alleyway to strengthen the connection between the old city and new districts.
The spatial sequence reverses the conventional museum experience. Visitors begin their journey at the upper level, where a grand event hall and main exhibition space introduce the collection before moving downward through a series of connected galleries that lead back to the plaza. This descent transforms the act of viewing art into a gradual return to the city, merging reflection with openness. Through the dialogue between solid and void, old and new, the project positions the museum as both a civic connector and a renewed cultural anchor within Yerevan’s evolving urban fabric.
Source: Google Street View
View A (see plan, next page)
NPAK
Firdus (Firdowsi) District Redevelopment Area
Site Context
NPAK stands opposite v, adjacent to Yerevan’s Vernissage market. Behind the museum, the Firdus (Firdowsi) District has been under redevelopment since 2019. The proposal repositions the museum as an urban gateway, adding a new mass aligned to the axis to channel movement between the park, Vernissage, and the emerging district.
Missak Manouchian Park
Reversed Plan and Communal Ground
To transform the museum into an urban gateway, the ground level is reimagined as an open communal ground, a sunken plaza that is freely accessible. The plan reverses the circulation flow to create a new spatial sequence while retaining the existing structure.
Transverse Section
Front Elevation
Back Elevation
Longitudinal Section
Middle Rise Hotel
Hotel | 5000m2 | Bandung, Indonesia | Student Work | Year 3 | 2019
Mentor: Lucky Prasetyo, B.Eng.
The project proposes a mid-rise city hotel located along one of Bandung’s main arterial roads, an area strongly defined by colonial-era architecture. The design began with an understanding of the site context and the surrounding historical fabric. To respect the existing streetscape, the hotel adopts a low-profile approach that aligns with the rhythm and proportion of neighboring façades. Research on nearby heritage buildings informed the articulation of the front façade, which reinterprets colonial architectural motifs in a contemporary manner.
Since the area historically contains no tall buildings, the hotel’s tower is designed to appear discreet and almost invisible from the street. The upper volume is enclosed with one-way reflective glass, concealing the guest rooms while visually merging the structure with the sky. This gesture allows the building to coexist harmoniously with the city’s heritage skyline.
The ground floor accommodates a breakfast restaurant and a traditional drink café that opens to the street. The café is positioned to create a cross-circulation through the site, enhancing visibility and accessibility. This layout transforms the ground level into a small urban plaza, encouraging public interaction and integrating the hotel into the daily rhythm of the city.
Bandung in 1945
Bandung in 2019
Gov. Bedrijven (1920)
De Eerste Spaarkas (1935)
PTT Museum (1933)
Sociëteit Concordia (1895)
Geologische Museum (1928)
Warenhuis de Vries (1899)
Hotel Homann (1939) Hoogereschool (1916)
Massing Process
The initial massing maximises the buildable area within the statutory setback. A tower is added to accommodate the room programme, and the primary volume is split to orient the composition towards the junction while avoiding a direct axial thrust. Beneath the tower, the base is incised to create a permeable ground plane with a pavilion for the hotel’s traditional drink café. The final move is to visually soften the tower to foreground the street level facade.
Reimagining Urban Experience
This project proposes a city reading for Bandung that preserves its heritage while delivering the required tower. It advances a clear stance: keep the atmosphere of Colonial and New Indies Bandung by foregrounding architecture at eye level and reducing the visual charge of vertical mass. The ground realm composes motifs drawn from studied landmarks — Art Deco, Streamline, and New Indies — into a contemporary street facade, while the tower adopts a reflective skin so it recedes into the sky, maintaining the scale and cadence of the past.
The project proposes a senior high school designed to respond to both spatial efficiency and environmental comfort. The design process began with a study of spatial dimensions and circulation patterns found in common high schools across the city. Among various typologies, the linear corridor arrangement proved most effective for modular classroom planning and space optimization.
The chosen site lies on a sloping terrain, which guided the decision to stack elongated classroom blocks along the contour. The eastern side of the building is lowered to capture the gentle morning sunlight, while the western mass provides natural shading during the day. Two main classroom wings meet at the center, where the administration and sports hall are located. At both ends, the corridors extend to connect through a canteen area, forming a continuous loop circulation that encloses an open inner courtyard.
Strategic gaps between classrooms enhance cross ventilation and improve air movement throughout the complex. Each classroom employs half-height walls and heat-absorbing materials such as brick and exposed concrete, creating a comfortable and naturally cooled environment. The design aims to promote sustainable learning spaces through passive design strategies, spatial connectivity, and an open, communal atmosphere.
Typology and Dimension Study
Ten illustrative layouts from the high schools nearest to the site were curated to reflect typologies most applicable to this context. This benchmark informs decisions on orientation, circulation length, and adjacencies, and shows a clear preference for an elongated block with around three classrooms per run.
Therefore, the classroom layout follows this finding. Each classroom is planned for a typical cohort of 30 pupils in line with national guidelines. Students are seated in pairs in a 5 × 3 arrangement, and individual study spaces are dimensioned in accordance with Neufert (4th edition)
1. School Terrace 2. School Lobby
3. Teacher’s Room 4. Administration Office
5. Meeting Room
Court
Classroom
Toilet
Rooftop Garden
Mosque
The initial massing places two elongated classroom blocks along the flat contour, connecting their ends to form a looped circulation and adding a central mass for administration and the sports hall. The wings are then raised and lowered to provide passive sun shading, with gaps between classrooms introduced to improve ventilation.
School Rooftop Circulation
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Thank you for taking the time to explore my work. Looking forward to future opportunities.
