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Norway GDP per capita is among the highest in OECD, both in terms of total and mainland GDP. However, growth in GDP per capita has slowed in recent years due to declining labour utilisation. Inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, remains well below the OECD average, but has increased in recent years. The share of national income going to the poorest surpasses the OECD average. Greenhouse gas emissions per capita are below the OECD average, but have failed to decrease over the past two decades. Progress on 2017 priority areas includes further reduction of the tax burden and a shift in the tax mix from income taxation towards VAT; education reform; measures to curb policy-induced early retirement; and progress in reforming support for the agricultural sector. Norway's priority to increase competition in product markets, particularly to reduce the high public ownership, has been dropped, though this issue should remain on watch. Sustaining Norway's high and inclusive living standards through substantial redistribution and high wages requires further efforts to cut back tax burdens and maximise the efficiency of public spending, such as in public-infrastructure investment (included as a new priority) and agricultural support. Strengthening educational outcomes and removing disincentives to work at older age are key to maintain the economy’s competitiveness in light of its high labour costs. Growth performance, inequality and environment indicators: Norway A. Growth Average annual growth rates (%) GDP per capita Labour utilisation of which: Labour force participation rate Employment rate1 Employment coefficient2 Labour productivity of which: Capital deepening Total factor productivity Dependency ratio
2002-08 3.0 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.2 1.7 0.3
2012-18 0.9 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.2
GHG emissions per capita4 (tonnes of CO2 equivalent) GHG emissions per unit of GDP4 (kg of CO2 equivalent per USD) Share in global GHG emissions4 (%) * OECD simple average (weighted average for emissions data)
Gap to the upper half of OECD countries5 Per cent 60
50
GDP per capita, Mainland GDP per hour worked, Mainland GDP per capita
40
30
B. Inequality and environment
Gini coefficient3 Share of national disposable income held by the poorest 20%
C. GDP per capita and productivity remain among the highest in the OECD
Level
Annual variation (percentage points)
2017 26.2 (31.7)*
2013-17 0.2 (0)*
8.9 (7.6)*
-0.1 (0)*
2016 5.5 (10.9)* 0.1 (0.3)* 0.1
Average of levels 2010-16 5.6 (11.3)* 0.1 (0.3)* 0.2
20
10
0
-10
Source: Panel A: OECD, Economic Outlook Database; Panel B: OECD, Income Distribution and National Accounts Databases; United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Database and International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy Database; Panel C: OECD, National Accounts and Productivity Databases. StatLink 2 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933955237