NETA World Journal | Summer 2015

The InterNational Electri cal Tes ti ng As o s c iation Journal

www . n etawo r

.o r g

SPI225

Megger's new SPI225 is the smallest primary injection test system in its class, able to output up to 2,000 A of regulated current to test

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER STORY

FEATURES 7

President's Desk

David Huffman, Power Systems Testing Co. NETA President 62

Electrical Safety and Reliability in Substations - Current Transformer Testing Has an Essential Role

Dennis K Neitzel, AVO Training Institute, Inc. Diego M Robalino, Megger North America 70

56

Measurements At Large Grounding Systems Moritz Pikisch, OMICRON Electronics Corp. USA

Imp roving Reliability Beyond Compliance

'Tm concerned that we are toofocused on compliance rather than thinking and doing the right thing. "

These are words spoken by an electric utility executive at the inaugural Modern Solutions Power System Conference sponsored by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. in Chicago in June 2012. As one looked across the ballroom, heads nodded in agreement among the group of several hundred conference goers. A lively discussion led to a consensus: The often weak relationship between compliance activities and reliability is a problem facing not only utilities, but industry as well, and it does not appear to be getting better.

Karl Zimmerman, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NETAWORLD

•

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS IN EVERY ISSUE 10

NFPA 70E and NETA

NETA NEWS - SPECIALS 48

A Technician's Role in Assessing Risk

Resa Pickel, PRIT Service, Inc. Kristen Wicks, NETA

Ron Widup andJim White, Shermco Industries 14

Tech Quiz

88

High-Voltage Substations No-Outage Corner

Tracking Down TEV Switchgear Signals Using Time of Flight Techniques

Kristen Wicks, NETA 96

T he Zimmerman Theorem: Science + Music + Faith = Happiness

20 1 5 NETA Alliance Recognition Award

Don A. Genutis, Halco Testing Services 28

Keep Your Eye On the Quiet Ones

20 1 5 NETA Outstanding Achievement Award

jim White, Shermco Industries 18

In Memoriam - Diane Hageman

Kristen Wicks, NETA

Niche Market

29 CPR 1 9 1 0.269 and Industrial Facilities

Lynn Hamrick, Shermco Industries 36

Safety Comer

Hand Protection

Paul Chamberlain, American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. 42

NETA NEWS 24

Passing the Baton

34

Now Available: ANSI/NETA Standardfor

Electrical Commissioning Specifications Kristen Wicks, NETA

Tech Tips

A Look at the Basics of Lightning Protection

jeffjowett, Megger

54

INDUSTRY TOPICS

76

78

Inc. as a NETA Accredited Company

jill Howell, NETA

Capture T he Old And Encourage The New

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS 102

ANSIINETA - MT S Standardfor

Maintenance Testing Specifications 104 122

ANSIINETA Standards Update

NETA Members and Alliance Partners Gather in Music City

Bridging The Gap: Using Technology To

joe Barrios and Katie Scarlett Reyes, Tony Demaria Electric, Inc.

NETA Welcomes Sentinel Power Services,

NETA NEWS - POWERTEST CONFERENCE 109

PowerTest 2015 -Viva Nashvegas!

116

PowerTest 2015 Award Winners

118

Electrical Power Industry Leaders Gather to Share Intelligence at PowerTest 2015

120

What is your Biggest Training Challenge?

And What Are You Doing About It?

ANSI/NETA- ECS Standardfor Electrical Commissioning Specifications

Ron Widup, Shermco Industries NETA NEWS - IMPORTANT LISTS

4

•

SUMMER 2015

126

NETA Accredited Companies

134

Advertiser List

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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3050 Old Centre Avenue, Suite 102 Portage, M l 49024

Toll free: 888.300.NETA (6382)

Phone: 269.488.NETA (6382) FAX: 269.488.6383

nera@neraworld.org www.netaworld.org EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: jayne Tanz, CMP

NETA Officers PRESIDENT: David Huffinan, Power Systems Testing Co. FIRST VICE PRESIDENT: Ron Widup, Shennco Industries

i

SECOND VICE PRESIDENT: jim Cia/dea, Three-C Electrical Co., NC. SECRETARY: Mose Ramieh, Power

& Generation Testing, Inc.

TREASURER: john White, Sigma Six Solutions

NETA Board of Directors Ken Bassett {Potomac Testing, Inc.) Scott Blizard {American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.) Jim Cialdea {Three-C Electrical Co., Inc.) Lorne Gara {Orbis Engineering Field Services, Ltd.) Roderic Hageman (PRIT Service, Inc.) David Huffinan {Power Systems Testing) Alan Peterson {Utility Service Corporation)

Mose Ramieh {Power & Generation Testing, Inc.)

Bob Sheppard {Southwest Energy Services, LLC) john White {Sigma Six Solutions) Ron Widup {Shermco Industries)

THE PREMIER ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY EVENT HOSTED BY NETA.

NETA World Staff TECHNICAL EDITOR: Roderic L. Hageman ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Resa Pickel MANAGING EDITOR: jayne Tanz, CMP ADVERTISING MANAGER: Laura McDonald DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: Hour Custom Publishing

NETA Committee Chairs CONFERENCE: Ron Widup; MEMBERSHIP: Ken Bassett;

/

I'ROIIOllONS MARKETlNG: ScottBlizard; SAFETY: ScottBiizard andjim White;

TECHNICAL: Alan Peterson; TECHNICAL EXAM: Ron Widup; CONTINUING TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT: David Huffinan; TRAINING: Kerry Heid; FINANCE: john White; NOMINATIONS: Alan Peterson; STRATEGY: Mose Ramieh; ALLIANCE PROGRAM: jim Cia/dea

©Copyright 2015, NETA T ESTING: Acceptance Testing Maintenance Testing Sub-Stations Transformers Switchgear Grounding Systems Motor Control Centers Variable Frequency Drives

Our initiative, creativity, and commitment to service and excellence enable us to maintain our position as experts in our field and leaders in our industry.

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

NETA World is published quarterly by the InterNational Electrical Testing Association.

Opinions, views and conclusions expressed in articles herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of NETA. Publication herein docs not constitute or imply endorsement of any opinion, product, or service by NETA. its directors, officers, members, employees or agents {hcrein"NETA").

All technical data in this publication reflects the experience of individuals using specific tools, products, equipment and components under specific conditions and circumstances which may or may not be fully reported and o\·cr which NETA has neither exercised nor reserved controL Such data has not been independently tested or otherwise verified by NETA.

Protective Relays NETA MAKES NO ENDORSEMENT, REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY AS TO

Generator and Excitation Systems

ANY OPINION, PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERENCED OR ADVERTISED IN THIS

Circuit Breakers

PUBLICATION. NETA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY TO ANY

Cables

CONSUMER, PURCHASER OR ANY OTHER PERSON USING ANY PRODUCT

Infrared Surveys

OR SERVICE REFERENCED OR ADVERTISED HEREIN FOR ANY INJURIES OR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED

Power Quality Monitoring

TO ANY CONSEQyENTIAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, DIRECT OR

UPS

INDIRECT DAMAGES. NETA FURTHER DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES,

DC Systems

EXPRESS OF IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ELECTRICAL TESTING SHALL BE PERFORMED ONLY BY TRAINED ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING:

PERSONNEL AND SHALL BE SUPERVISED BY NETA CERTIFIED TECHNICIANS/ LEVEL Ill OR IV OR BY NICET CERTIFIED TECHNICIANS IN ELECTRICAL

Coordination Studies

TESTING TECHNOLOGY/LEVEL Ill OR IV. FAILURE TO ADHERE TO ADEQyATE

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TRAINING, SAFETY REQyiREMENTS, AND APPLICABLE PROCEDURES MAY RESULT IN LOSS OF PRODUCTION, CATASTROPHIC EQyiPMENT FAILURE, SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH.

PRESIDENT'S DESK

Safety requires vigilance, as complacency will be safety's undoing.

This issue of the NETA Worldjournal addresses challenges related to working in high­ voltage substations. Generally described as operating at 1 38 kV and above, these stations have unique testing, maintenance, and safety requirements. I recall being trained in these requirements, and it was a real eye-opener. Various pieces of test equipment may have problems with the electric fields, the operating voltages are higher than many of us are familiar with, and the sheer size of the equipment presents its own challenges. I hope you find this issue informative and educational.

I also hope your local weather has improved. Much of the country has had an unpleasant winter, to say the least. Perhaps moving forward, things will be a little more normal. Bad weather only adds to safety issues faced in the field.

With my two year term coming to an end as of May 3 1 , 2015, this is my final message for the foreseeable future. It's been an honor and a privilege to be your president. With such a great president serving before me, I hope I met your expectations. Over the last two years, we've increased membership, added online training modules, published updated editions of the ANSI/NETA standards as well as a brand new one for electrical commissioning, and held two record-breaking conferences. For my part, it's been an exciting time.

I wish you well, and thank you for the opportunity to serve. As always, be safe and be vigilant out there.

Sincerely, David Huffman President InterNational Electrical Testing Association

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HE NF PA 70E AND NETA

IE�HNICIAN'S ROLE SSESSING

Rl 5 K

BY RON WIDUP AND JIM WHITE, Shermco Industries

DANGER OF DEATH KEEP OUT

One of the things electrical workers seem to struggle with is assessing the risk associated with a particular task. We can identify and quantify the hazard well enough, but risk seems to be a vague concept that has no real substance. In actuality, we assess risk constantly. Every time we start up our car to drive somewhere, cross the street, ride in an airplane, shoot a round of golf, or ski down the black diamond slope, we assess the risk associated with that task- we just don't perceive it that way.

When NFPA 70E directs us to assess the risk associated with a task, many of us expect our companies to do it for us, as ifwe had no personal responsibility at all. To some degree, the employer does have a duty to assess risk and provide a safe workplace, as well as to supply appropriate training, procedures, and PPE. However, what the employer cannot do is foresee every conceivable situation and circumstance with which a worker may be faced. As representatives of a NETA Accredited Company, our technicians often report to job sites where there might not be arc­ flash hazard warning labels or a maintenance staff or engineer to discuss the system with. There may not even be an accurate single-line diagram.

In these circumstances, and with the absence of valuable electrical power system data, the technician must assess the risk for the particular task at hand.

WHERE TO START? Having a written electrical safety program (ESP) is important, as this provides technicians

with the basis to evaluate circumstances at the job site against their company's policies and procedures. Without this guidance, technicians are essentially left to their own devices, which may be compromised by erroneous information accumulated over the years. It's akin to using tribal knowledge. Much like an Amazonian tribal member, technicians learn from observing others and imitating those observed behaviors. The old saying, "The student can never learn more than the teacher," is very much at play here. Learning is often incomplete and, in many cases, incorrect. This is regularly the case because knowledge acquired by tribal experience is often based on one or two individual's opinions and background. While tribal knowledge isn't inherently problematic - sometimes it is good, sometimes not so good - even the good parts aren't always shared or completely understood by other tribes within the same company.

Along with the ESP, a well-thought-out ]HAl ]SA is important. These document the hazards

A TECHNICIAN'S ROLE IN ASSESSING RISK

THE NF PA 70E AND NETA

Non-Serviceable

Limited Service

Serviceable

Date: ------

Date: ___________

Date: __________

By: _____

By: ______

By: _____

Figure 1: Example ofTest Decal that may be encountered and what steps shall be taken to reduce or eliminate the risks. If the task(s) involve exposure to electrical hazards, an energized electrical work permit (EEWP) is part of the JHNJSA process. The EEWP is specifically focused on the electrical hazards and risks that may be present when there are exposed energized conductors and circuit parts.

When first approaching electrical equipment, the technician must perform an initial assessment of its condition. Are there unusual noises or smells? Does the equipment appear to be in good condition? What type of impact does the environment have on the equipment? Is it indoors or outdoors? Is there a calibration/test sticker on it? Is the date on the sticker more than three years old? Is the area dry and clean? We recommend that test or calibration decals become part of everyone's inspection routine and procedure, such as described in NFPA 70B, 1 1 .27. (See Figure 1 )

ARC FLASH AND SHOCK NFPA 70E directs us to perform a shock risk assessment and an arc-Bash risk assessment. These assessments must determine the nominal phase­ to-phase voltage of the equipment or system, the boundaries (arc-Bash, limited, and restricted), the expected incident energy, the required PPE, and other equipment needed to perform the task safely. This would include such items as voltage test instruments, live-line tools, insulated tools, rubber shields and blankets, and so on.

And then . . . .

If the technician has to perform a task involving electrical hazards, such as troubleshooting, further risk assessment is needed. If the equipment requires troubleshooting, it can no longer be considered normally operating; it's in distress and has to be approached as if it could fail at any moment, including when its circuit breaker is

ARTICLE 130� WORK INVOLVING ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

1311.7

Table 130.7(C)(l5)(A)(a) Arc Flash Hazard Identification for Alternating Current (ac) and Direct Current (de) Systems Arc Flash Task

Equipment Condition*

Reading a panel meter while operating a meter sw itch

t\ny

Nmmal opera lion of a circuit breaker (Cll), switch, contactor,

PPE Required No

All of the follow ing :

or starter

The equipment is properly installed

The equipment is properly maintained

No

All equipment doors are closed and secured

t\11 e quipment covers are in place m1d s e cure d

There is no evidence of impe ndi n g fa i lure

One or more of the following: The equipment is not properly installed

·rhe equipment is not properly maintained

Equipment doors arc open or not secured

Yes

Equipment covers are off or not secured

There is evidence of impendin g failure

Figure 2: Article 130, Table 130.7(C)(I5)(A)(a) Partial. From NFPA 70E

A TECHNICIAN'S ROLE IN ASSESSING RISK

NETAWORLD

•

1 1

T HE NF PA 70E AND NETA opened to deenergize it. Table 1 30.7(C) ( 1 5) (A) (a) provides some assistance in risk assessment.

Figure 2 is a portion of that table.

The task "Normal operation of a circuit breaker (CB), switch contactor or starter" indicates that no arc-flash PPE is required if all of the conditions are met. However, the equipment about to be worked on is no longer normally operating, so the "No" changes to a "Yes" - meaning arc­ flash PPE is required, if it is necessary to operate the circuit breaker. Secondly, the task "Work on

energized electrical conductors and circuit parts, including voltage testing" indicates arc-rated PPE is always required to perform that task, which would include troubleshooting. Part of our risk assessment is now completed. We know that we are exposed to electrical hazards, and we are required to wear protective clothing and PPE. Arc-rated clothing and PPE as well as shock PPE must be chosen based on the hazard. If no arc-flash hazard warning labels are in place, Tables 1 30.7(C) ( 1 5) (A)(a), 1 30.7(C) ( 1 5) (A) (b) and 1 30 .7(C) ( 1 6) can be used, as long as the limits for the available short-circuit current or overcurrent protective device operating time stated in Table 1 30 .7(C) ( 1 5) (A) (b) are not exceeded. If these limits are exceeded, an incident-energy analysis must be performed.

If arc-flash hazard warning labels are in place, the technician should refer to Table H.3(b) in Annex H to determine which arc-rated clothing and PPE are required.

The risk assessment must also determine what steps may be needed to protect others from being placed at risk. Signs, barriers, safety barrier tape, or an attendant may be needed to ensure the safety of other personnel as well as the safety of the technician performing the work. Ifthe limited approach boundary specified in Table 1 30.4(0) (1), is farther out than the arc-flash boundary, that is where the barrier tape should be placed. If the arc-flash boundary is farther out, then that is where it should be placed.

Non arc-rated PPE may also be required if the task is performed in an area requiring use of a respirator or similar equipment. Is a safety

12

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SUMMER 2015

backup required? The risk assessment must state the requisite PPE, training, and experience for the worker(s) , unless these are already covered by the ESP.

RESIDUAL RISK There is no such thing as a risk-free task when energized electrical conductors and circuit parts are involved. If it's energized, the hazard is present; therefore, so is the risk. Risk can be reduced by operating equipment remotely or by covering adjacent circuits with rubber insulating shields, but the risk can never be zero. The remaining risk is the residual risk.

RISK?

Once all steps have been taken to reduce risk, the residual risk must be evaluated. If the residual risk is still too great, the work cannot be performed while the equipment is energized. If the technician evaluates the risk and believes it can be done safely, then it can be done energized. In our example task (troubleshooting), it may be that due to the equipment appearance, smell, sounds, etc.

- and evaluated in light of the technician's experience - the troubleshooting task is j ust too risky to proceed. A " Plan B" must be formulated, which would probably include deenergizing the equipment. If the technician believes it can be done safely, then the troubleshooting can proceed. Note that all requirements of Article 1 30 are still in effect.

Assessing risk must also look at other factors related to the work. Are there environmental factors such as rain, ice, lightning, etc.? Is the equipment located in a confined or enclosed space? Is there pedestrian or vehicle traffic nearby? Is other work being performed in the

A TECHNICIAN'S ROLE IN ASSESSING RISK

same area? You may have conducted a nice­ and-neat electrical risk assessment, but don't get hospitalized by the forklift you didn't prepare for!

SUMMARY Training, of course, is a huge part of the equation. If workers are not following policies or procedures, often it is a lack of training that's at fault. Check-the-box training may satisfY a paper trail, but it does little or nothing to promote safety. Employees must be trained to understand the importance of what they do, not just how to do it. This isn't the 1 960s, where being told to do something was all that was needed. People must understand why tasks need to be done one way instead of another, perhaps more convenient, way.

Assessing risk is a vital part of all safety, not just electrical safety. The employer can only do so much, as it is the employee who is at the scene and observing the equipment and conditions.

One good truism is, ''Always be responsible for your personal safety." Relying on others could result in a less-than-satisfactory outcome. Listen to your gut feelings. Often, accidents could have been avoided if the worker stopped when that little voice in their head said, "I wouldn't do that, if I was you." It never hurts to step back and reevaluate the situation. Maybe something was missed, or maybe not, but having a second look is never a bad thing.

Widup and Jim White are NETA's representatives to NFPA Technical Committee lOE (Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces). Both gentlemen are employees of Shermco Industries in Dallas, Texas, a NETA Accredited Company. Ron Widup is CEO of Ron Widup Shermco and has been with the company since 1983. He is a Principal member of the Technical Committee on "Electrical Safety in the Workplace" (NFPA lOE) and a Principal member ofthe National Electrical Code (NFPA 10) Code Panel II. He is also a member ofthe technical committee "Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance" jim White (NFPA lOB), and a member of the NETA Board of Directors and Standards Review Council. jim White is nationally recognized for technical skills and safety training in the electrical power systems industry.

He is the Training Directorfor Shermco Industries, and has spent the last twentyyears directly involved in technical skills and safety training for electrical power system technicians. jim is a Principal member of NFPA lOB respresenting Shermco Industries, NETA's alternate member of NFPA lOE, and a member ofASTM FIB Committee "Electrical Protective Equipmentfor Workers".

Ron

At least, that's our assessment.

A TECHNICIAN'S ROLE IN ASSESSING RISK

NETAWORLD

TECH QUIZ

---

fames R. (Jim) White is the Training Director ojShermco Industries, Inc., in Dallas, Texas.

He is theprincipal member on the NFPA technical committee ''Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance" (NFPA 70B). Jim represents NETA as an alternate member ofthe NFPA Technical Committee "Electrical Saftty in the Workplace" (NFPA 70E)and represents NETA on the ASTM FIB Committee "Electrical Protective Equipment For Workers': Jim is an IEEE Senior Member and in 2011 received the IEEE/PCIC Electrical Saftty Excellence award. Jim is a past Chairman (2008) ojthe IEEE Electrical Saftty Workshop (ESW).

14

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N o 110 .

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HIGH-VOLTAGE SUBSTATIONS

BY JIM WHITE, Shermco Industries

This month we will have some questions related to high-voltage substations.

Put on your thinking cap and see how well you can do.

1. Mediwn-voltage is defined as: a. > 1,000 V to 35,000 V b. 2,400 v to 69,000 v c. > 1,000 V to 100,000 V

4. There is one optional test given for micro­ processor protective relays in Section 7.9.2 of

d. None of the above

ANSI/NETA MTS. What is it? a. Insulation resistance ofeach circuit to ground b. Functional operation ofeach element c. Apply voltage or current to analog inputs d. Control verification

2. What are four classes oflightning arresters?

a. b. c. d.

----

_ ______________________

3. ANSI/NETA MTS specifies a maximum of __

ppm moisture for in-service SF6 gas.

a. 40 b. 70 c. 110 d. 200

SUMMER 2015

TECH QUIZ

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ELECTRICAL TESTING and MAINTENANCE

0-0UTAGE CORNER

lEV SWITCHGEAR SIGNALS USING TIME OF FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

BY DON A. GENUTIS, Halco Testing Services

Transient earth voltage or T EVis a term coined by a pioneering British scientist in the 1970s. If the signals it identifies were first discovered in the United States, they would have more likely been called transient ground voltage (TGV) as engineers in Europe typically refer to our ground as earth.

T EV signals are generated by partial discharge activity, which is essentially a partial insulation failure. T EV signals are high-frequency voltage transients or impulses on the ground. They also have the unique feature of being synchronous­ more about this later. In the case of switchgear assemblies, these signals propagate or ride along the external surface of the grounded switchgear enclosure. As shown in Figure 1 , their magnitudes are greater on the enclosure panels that are closest to the discharge source.

Switchgear Plan View

Internal PD

�

'-.� ./ "--/'-.\./ I

'-..../

�

Figure 1 : TEV Signal Propagation

•

SUMMER 2015

'-..../

PD signal emanates from the

edges of the metal panels

This is how it works: Partial insulation failure creates a spark or partial breakdown that emits a radio frequency signal - think of the flawed insulation area as a small radio transmitter within the switchgear. For outdoor or open structure insulation, these radiated signals can produce signals that interfere with AM radio receivers, sometimes causing that sudden annoying static on a vehicle's radio as it is driven under an overhead distribution line.

Partial discharge activity occurring inside of switchgear or other electrical assemblies acts in the same manner. However, the grounded enclosure functions similar to a leaky Faraday cage. It attenuates the signal enough that it is not readily detected with a typical antenna but can still be detected with a T EV sensor.

Basically, the T EV signal is trapped inside the enclosure and adheres to its grounded surface but propagates to the outside switchgear enclosure surface though the edges of the metal via the skin effect.

T EV sensors consist of a simple insulated conductive plate that, when placed against the switchgear enclosure, forms a capacitor with the enclosure itself acting as the other plate of

TRACKING DOWN TEV SWITCHGEAR SIGNALS USING TIME OF FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

NO-OUTAGE CORNE the capacitor. The high-frequency T EV signals are captured and then processed and analyzed by the instrument's electronics.

Ok, what about the synchronous characteristics referred to earlier? In simple terms, at zero volts there is not enough voltage present for anything to breakdown. But as the ac sine wave rises towards the positive or negative voltage peak, a critical voltage (partial discharge inception voltage) is reached, which creates a localized partial breakdown. This localized partial breakdown or partial discharge is what creates the signals described earlier. Typically, these signals then persist through the sine wave until they extinguish at a critical voltage known as the partial discharge extinction voltage. The same sequence then repeats itself through the opposite voltage polarity peak, resulting in a pattern of voltage transients that are synchronous or in phase with the ac sine wave.

Figure 2 shows such a typical PD pattern.

60Hz Power Cycle Phase Resolved PD Pattern

29dB 30mV

0-SOmV

Ig

Figure 2: Phase Resolved PD Pattern

Although one small spark itself only causes negligible insulation damage, thousands of these sparks occurring over days, weeks, and even years will eventually cause cumulative irreversible damage to the insulation until complete catastrophic failure occurs. This process has sometimes been described in literature as electrical rust but perhaps could better be described as death by a thousand razor cuts.

Before jumping into the T ime of Flight location method, it is worth of mentioning that just as the T EV signals can reach and travel along the outside of a leaky switchgear enclosure, they cannot escape well-sealed and well-shielded equipment such as oil-filled transformers. For these types of equipment, the PD signals can escape from the inside of the equipment enclosure through an external ground connection, where signal decoupling can be accomplished using split-core, high­ frequency current transformers.

The time of time of flight method for locating T EV signal origination, and thus PD source location, involves using dual capacitive sensors

Figure 3: Use ofPD Source Location shown in Figure 3. Sophisticated instrumentation is used to time the arrival of the TEV signals at one sensor in comparison to the arrival time at the other sensor. As shown in Figure 4, a bar graph display indicates which sensor is closest as

TRACKING DOWN TEV SWITCHGEAR SIGNALS USING TIME OF FLIGHT TECHNIQUES

NETAWORLD

•

NO-OUTAGE CORNER

Channel A

20

Channel B

A live bar chart display indicates the proportion of transients detected first on each channel

Figure 4: Proportion ofTransients to the discharge. By moving the magnetic capacitive probes around the switchgear at different locations, the PD source can be pinpointed with considerable accuracy.

As technology continues to advance and greater field experience is accumulated, partial discharge techniques and instrumentation will advance accordingly. Present PD instruments can now isolate and ignore undesirable noise from PD signals, and new advancements have led to better methods for pinpointing PD sources. These advancements have also led to the discovery, identification, and repair of insulation defects, which have significantly enhanced reliability for electrical equipment not only in the U.S. but internationally as well.

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Running an association is not unlike running a relay race.

Each individual must do his part to get the team across the finish line successfully, hopefully ahead of deadlines and challenges that are sure to face them on rhe course. Every two years, NETA sees a change in leadership as a new president of the association steps up to the starting line to begin the race anew. This passing of the baton is critical to the continuity of the association's success.

Since June 1, 2013, Dave Huffman, Power Systems Testing Company, has been leading the charge for NETA as its president. During his term, he has seen record years for attendance at PowerTest, growrh in the number of companies attaining NETA Accredited Company status, more electrical testing technicians certified than ever before, and the creation of a brand new ANSI/NETA standard, as well as the publication of two revised ANSI/ NETA standards, and the inception of the Gold and Corporate Alliance Partnership programs. Dave has led exponential growth in awareness of the association rhrough innovative approaches to outreach and development efforts, in addition to the many other commitments to NETA's Standards Review Council, Continuing Technical Development Committee, Member Application Review Committee, and Exam Committee, among orhers.

Dave's success as a leader draws from many sources within his character. He is a tenured veteran ofthe electrical testing industry. He has loyally served the same testing company since his college graduation- a feat unheard ofin most of rhe corporate world today, but not surprising given Dave's natural tendencies toward dedication, service, and excellence. In 2010, Dave received rhe NETA Outstanding Achievement Award, which was well-deserved for his many contributions to NETA. At that time, he said, "I learned quickly that being a part of NETA is about a lot more than just having the logo and carrying a certification card. It's about participation and giving back. My life has been so full of positive experiences for my family and me because ofmy involvement with NETA." Since then, Dave

Ron Widup (left), incomingpresident as ofjune I, 2015, thanks Dave Huffinan (right), outgoing president as ofMay 31, 2015, for leading the association for the past two years and presents him with the traditional golden gavel. has certainly continued to live up to those words as NETA's president over the past two years.

As of May 31, 20 15, Dave will pass the baton to NETA's next president, Ron Widup, Shermco Industries. Ron is a past president ofNETA, serving a term from 1998-2000.

Like Dave, he is responsible for furthering the daily business of the association through his contributions on many NETA committees. Ron is NETA's Conference Chair, Exam Chair, a member of the Standards Review Council, and may be best known for heckling the exhibitors who participate in the New Product Forum each year at PowerTest. Both Dave and Ron are prime examples of what it takes to be a top-notch leader within NETA: technical aptitude, commitment to excellence, fearlessness of uncharted territories, possession of a generous heart, a sense of humor, willing attitude, and no need for more than a few hours of sleep every other month or so. (That last one is rhe only way rhe marh makes sense for all rhey accomplish.)

NETA truly is blessed with a multitude ofvolunteers who are always happy to pick up the baton when it is rheir turn, and who gladly share in the success that comes when the team crosses the finish line at the end of the race. Here's to a smoorh transition for the association, from one great leader to the next.

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BY LY N N HAMRIC K, Shermco Industries

OSHA recently revised and issued the general industry standard associated with the operation and maintenance of electric power generation, transmission, and distribution lines and equipment.

The standard 29 CFR 19 10. 269, or § 19 10. 269, is generally associated with electric power generation, transmission, and distribution. This standard is also known as Subpart R of the OSHA standards and is typically applied to the utility industry.

In reviewing § 1 9 1 0.269, it should be noted that it also applies to "equivalent installations of industrial establishments. " In this article, the applicability of § 1 9 1 0.269 to the industrial environment will be discussed. Further, this standard was significantly revised with respect to performing arc flash analysis for power generation, transmission, and distribution systems. Therefore, a more focused discussion on these arc-flash analysis requirements will be provided.

APPLICABILITY OF § 1 9 1 0.269 TO THE INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT Typically, industrial facilities implement requirements from § 1 9 1 0.332 through § 1 9 1 0.335, or Subpart S of the of the OSHA standards. In the industrial environment, what would be an equivalent installation referenced in § 1 9 1 0 .269? The most obvious examples would be the medium- or high-voltage distribution system within an industrial facility.

For our purposes, the definition of a medium­ voltage (MV) system is a power distribution

28

system greater than 1 OOOV but no more than 35kV. The definition of a high-voltage (HV) system is a power distribution system of 69kV and higher.

Based on the language in § 1 9 1 0.269, it may be appropriate to apply the requirements of § 1 9 1 0.269 in the industrial environment when working on or near MV and HV distribution systems. This would suggest that an employer could choose to define portions of its installations as either utilization or distribution or a combination of both. Unfortunately, the extent of compliance for the application is typically determined on an application-by­ application basis by a compliance safety and health officer (CSHO) when performing an inspection. Therefore, an employer may be cited for violation of the general duty clause under Section 5 (a) ( l ) of the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act whenever any employee would be protected under one standard, when the other, normally applicable standard contains no provisions protecting against the hazard involved.

29 CFR 1 9 1 0.269 AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

NICHE M ARKET TESTING �able 1. -- E l ectrical Safety-Related Work Practices in §1910.269 Paragraphs that Apply Regardless of �ompliance with Subpart1S W i l l comply with These Paragraphs of §1910.269

Compliance with Subpart 52

a )(2), (a )( 3 ) and ( a )(4) . b) c) d ), for other than electric-shock hazards. e) ( f) (g) h )( 1 ) and ( h )( 2) . ( i )(4) (j) 1)(6), ( 1 )( 8 ) and ( 1 )( 9 ) . n) (o) ( p )( 1 ) through ( p )( 3 ) . (q ) ( r) s )( 1 ) t) (u)(2) and (u)(6) (v)( 1 ), (v)(2), and (v)(6) through (v)( 12) . w)(2 ) through (w)(6), (w)(8 ) , and (w)(9 ) .

If the electrical installation meets the req u i rements of §§ 1910 . 302 through 1910.308 of this part, then the electrical i nsta llation and a ny associated electrical safety-related work practices conforming to §§ 1910 . 332 h rough 1910.335 of this part a re considered to comply with these provisions of § 1910.2 6 9 of this pa rt.

These provisions include electrical safety and other req u irements that m u st be met rega rdless of compliance r,vith subpart S of this part. d ), electric-shock hazards only h)(3) ( i )( 2 ) and ( i ) ( 3 ) ( k) 1 ) ( 1) through ( 1)(5), (1)(7), and (1)(10 ) through ( 1)(12) (m) ( p )(4) s )( 2 ) (u)( 1 ) and (u)( 3 ) through (u)(5) (v)( 3 ) through (v)(5) (w)( 1 ) and (w)(7)

OSHA A-2 Table I Basically, OSHA is concerned that using different work practices could lead to confusion for employees, which could result in serious accidents. In situations such as these, an employer would be expected to determine whether an installation is utilization or distribution and then require employees working on them to meet the work practice requirements of § 1 9 1 0.332 - 335 (Subpart S of the standard) or § 1 9 1 0.269, respectively, to maintain consistent and adequate safe work practices. Employers must be cognizant of the requirements of both standards to ensure that the most appropriate work practices are implemented or face the possibility of being cited for violation(s) of § 1 9 1 0.269, 1 9 1 0 Subpart S or the general duty clause of the OSH Act, if the inconsistencies pose hazards to employees. To assist employers in making the right choice, refer to Table 1 in Appendix A-2 of § 1 9 1 0.269 as provided here.

29 CFR 7 9 7 0.269 AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

OSHA "considers work practices conforming to § 1 9 1 0.332 through § 1 9 1 0.335 as complying with the electrical safety-related work-practice requirements of § 1 9 1 0.269 identified in Table 1 of Appendix A-2 to this section, provided that employers are performing the work on a generation or distribution installation meeting §§ 1 9 1 0.303 through 1 9 1 0.308. This table also identifies provisions in § 1 9 1 0.269 that apply to work by qualified persons directly on, or associated with, installations of electric power generation, transmission, and distribution lines or equipment, regardless of compliance with §§ 1 9 1 0.332 through 1 9 1 0.335 ." Further, OSHA "considers work practices performed by qualified persons and conforming to § 1 9 1 0.269 as complying with § 1 9 1 0.333 (c) and § 1 9 1 0.335." Therefore, it is recommended that industrial facilities compare the requirements presented in § 1 9 1 0.269 to the implemented requirements of§ 1 9 1 0.332 through § 1 9 1 0.335

29

NICHE M ARKET TESTING to ensure that work practices are appropriately instigated for the applicable safety hazards.

•

ARC - FLASH ANALYSI S AND § 1 9 1 0. 269 As stated previously, industrial facilities implement requirements from § 1 9 1 0.332 through § 1 9 1 0.335, or 1 9 1 0 Subpart S of the OSHA standards. Unfortunately, 1 9 1 0 Subpart S does not directly address arc­ flash hazards. Subsequently, the industrial environment has relied on NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace to provide safety requirements associated with arc-flash hazards. Safety requirements associated with arc flash have been in NFPA 70E since the 2000 edition. Mter 1 4 years, OSHA has not endorsed NFPA 70E as a requirement standard for the industrial environment, but it has stated that it is an acceptable way of addressing this known hazard. OSHA has essentially utilized the general duty clause under Section 5 (a) ( l ) o f the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act to implement NFPA 70E. In other words, OSHA expects employers to meet NFPA 70E without actually requiring them to meet it.

With regard to arc-flash hazards, § 1 9 1 0.269 is the only OSHA standard that actually provides specific guidance and requirements associated with protection against flames and electric arcs.

In general, § 1 9 1 0.269 requirements have the employer: • Assessing the workplace to identifY where

employees are exposed to hazards from flames or from electric arcs • Making reasonable estimates of the incident heat energy of any electric-arc hazard to which an employee would be exposed • Ensuring that employees exposed to hazards from flames or electric arcs wear clothing that would not melt onto their skin or that could ignite and continue to burn when exposed to flames or the estimated heat energy • Affirming that the outer layer of clothing worn by an employee is flame resistant under certain conditions

30

•

MER 2015

Securing (with certain exceptions) that employees exposed to hazards from electric arcs wear protective clothing and other protective equipment with an arc rating greater than or equal to the estimated heat energy

Appendix E to the standard provides tables listing incident heat energies for common exposures found in electric power transmission and distribution work. Employers may use these tables to estimate incident heat energy under the exposure conditions covered by the tables. In addition, Appendix E provides guidance on: • Assessing the workplace for flame and

electric-arc hazards Selecting a reasonable incident-energy calculation method under various conditions • IdentifYing reasonable parameters for use in calculating incident heat • Choosing clothing that does not ignite • SpecifYing protective clothing with an acceptable arc rating • Requiring arc-rated head and face protection, when the standard requires •

With regard to a methodology for determining a reasonable incident energy, § 1 9 1 0.269 allows for the use of included tables, which have specific applicable parameters. As a preferred alternative, Appendix E Table 3 is provided for selecting an acceptable methodology for calculating a reasonable incident energy.

Most industrial applications have implemented NFPA 70E in regards to arc-flash analysis and work rules associated with arc-flash hazards.

Fortunately, the requirements of § 1 9 1 0.269 and NFPA 70E are mostly in agreement. One difference is associated with the minimum incident energy that would be considered an arc-flash hazard. § 1 9 1 0.269 uses 2.0 call cm2, while NFPA 70E uses 1 .2 callcm2.

Additionally, § 1 9 1 0.269 provides a calculation methodology for determining reasonable incident energies for circuits that are greater than 1 5 kV. For some industrial applications, this will enable them to determine a reasonable incident energy for the arc-flash hazard.

29 CFR 1 9 1 0.269 AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

NICHE M ARKET TESTING TABLE 3-SELECTING A REASONABLE INCIDENT-ENERGY CALCULATION METHOD 1 I ncident -energy calculation

•

It

.._I� -

•

�� · - · - ·

I

method 0

3<Da

3<Db

l<D

3<Da

3<Db

l<D

3<Da

3<Db

y

N

Y-C

Y-C

N

N3

N3

N3

Doughty, Neal, and Floyd

y

y

N

N

N

N

N

N

IEEE Std 1584b-201 1

y

y

y

y

y

N

N

ARCPRO

N

N

y

N

N

y

NFPA 70E-2012 Annex D (lee equation)

y4

N

y4

Key: l<D: Single-phase arc i n open air.

3<Da : Three-phase arc i n open air.

3<Db: Three-phase arc in an enclosure (box).

Y: Acceptable; produces a reasonable estimate of incident heat energy from this type of electric arc.

N: Not acceptable; does not produce a reasonable estimate of incident heat energy from this type of electric arc.

Y-C: Acceptable; produces a reasonable, but conservative, estimate of incident heat energy from this type of e lectric arc.

Notes: 1 Although the Occupational Safety and Hea lth Administration will consider these methods reasonable for enforcement

p u rposes when employers use the methods i n accordance with this table, employers should be aware that the listed methods d o not necessarily result i n estimates that will provide f u ll protection from internal f a u lts i n transformers a n d similar equipment o r from arcs i n u ndergro u n d manholes or vaults.

2 At these voltages, the presumption is that the arc is three-phase u nless the employer can demonstrate that o n ly one

phase is present or that the spacing of the phases is sufficient to prevent a multiphase arc from occurring.

'Although the Occupation a l Safety and Hea lth Administration will consider this method accepta ble for p u rposes of

assessing whether incident energy exceeds 2.0 ca l/cm2, the results at voltages of more than 15 kilovolts are extremely conservative and u n rea listic.

4 The Occupational Safety a n d Hea lth Administration will deem the results of this method reasonable when the

employer adjusts them using the conversion factors for three-phase arcs i n open air or i n an enclosure, as ind icated in the progra m's instructions.

OSHA Appendix E Table 3

By January 1 , 20 1 5 , we're required to make reasonable estimates of incident energy. Finally, the employer must provide protective clothing and other protective equipment meeting the arc-flash protection requirements of the final rule by April 1 , 20 1 5 .

SUMMARY OSHA recently revised and issued the general industry standard 29 CFR 1 9 1 0.269, or § 1 9 1 0.269 Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution, associated with the operation and maintenance of electric power generation, transmissiOn, and distribution lines and equipment. This standard is also known as Subpart R of the OSHA standards and is typically applied to the utility industry.

Standard § 1 9 1 0.269 also applies to equivalent installations of industrial establishments.

Typically, industrial facilities implement

29 CFR 7 9 7 0.269 AND INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

requirements from § 1 9 1 0.332 through § 1 9 1 0.335, or Subpart S of the of the OSHA standards. Based on the language in § 1 9 1 0.269, it may be appropriate to apply the requirements of § 1 9 1 0.269 in the industrial environment when working on or near MV and HV distribution systems. Employers must be cognizant of the requirements of both standards to ensure that the most appropriate work practices are implemented or face the possibility of being cited for violation(s) of § 1 9 1 0.269, 1 9 1 0 Subpart S, or the general duty clause of the OSH Act, if the inconsistencies pose hazards to employees. § 1 9 1 0.269 is the only OSHA standard that actually provides specific guidance and requirements associated with protection against flames and electric arcs. Most industrial applications have implemented NFPA 70E in regards to arc-flash analysis and work rules associated with arc-flash hazards. Fortunately,

NETAWORLD

•

31

NICHE M ARKET TESTING the requirements of§ 1 9 1 0.269 and NFPA 70E are mostly in agreement; however, there are some differences. One difference is associated with the minimum incident energy that would be considered an arc-flash hazard. Standard § 1 9 1 0.269 uses 2.0 callcm2, while NFPA 70E uses 1 .2 callcm2. Additionally, § 1 9 1 0.269 provides a calculation methodology for determining reasonable incident energies for circuits that are greater than 1 5kV.

Lynn Hamrick brings over 25 years of working knowledge in design, permitting, construction, and startup ofmechanical, electrical, and instrumentation and controls projects as well as experience in the operation and maintenance offacilities.

Lynn is a Professional Engineer, Certified Energy Manager and has a BS in Nuclear Engineering .from the University of Tennessee.

REFERENCES 1. §1910.269 (a)(I)(i)(A) 2. §1910.269 (a((I)(ii)(B) 3. Tables I and3 reprinted with permission of29 CFR 1910.269

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B Y K RISTEN WIC KS, NETA

It has been 1 5 years since NETA produced a brand new standard. NETA's most recent addition to the collection of ANSI/NETA standards, the ANSI/ NETA ECS Standard for Electrical Commissioning

Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems, is a document that reached completion at a critical time for the industry.

Increasing emphasis is placed on the importance of commissioning in the safe energization of newly­ installed equipment and systems, as well as their long-term health and reliability. When it carne to the specific tasks required for addressing low-, medium-, and high-voltage electrical power equipment and systems with regard to electrical commissioning, a definite gap existed in industry standards. The NETA Board of Directors determined that it was incumbent upon NETA to create a standard that would work in conjunction with the ANSI/NETA ATS Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems. NETA's Standards Review Council was charged with the task, and they in tum, recruited a panel of subject matter experts who worked together to create the document that achieved ANSI approval on December 3, 2014.

industry - from product design engineers, product manufacturers, suppliers, system design engineers, inspectors, contractors, and owners to insurance agencies and maintenance personnel - all recognize that a formal, detailed process of pre-energization, energization, post-energization, acceptance testing, and turnover to the owner/operator provides environmental, economic, and safery benefits from the cradle to grave. Commissioning of electrical systems is an emerging market, and NETA has staked its rightful claim with this long-needed, professionally developed standard."

TheANSIINETAECS-20 1 5 debuted in March 20 1 5 to an audience of 454 PowerTest attendees, many of whom attended the Electrical Commissioning track, symposium, and seminars where they got more information about electrical commissioning and how this new standard can be applied. Learn more about the ANSI/NETA ECS, and order your copy today at www.netaworld.org or call 888-300-6382.

A N S I / N E TA E C S WO R K I N G G RO U P N E TA ext e n d s s p e c i a l t h a n k s t o t h e m e m b e r s o f t h e wor k i n g g ro u p w h o p r o v i d e d t h e i r experti se a n d t i m e t o t h e c r e a t i o n o f t h e i n i t i a l d r a ft o f t h e A N S I / N ETA E C S .

L o r n e G a r a , O r b i s E n g i n ee r i n g , Wo r k i n g G r o u p Lea d e r Scott B l i z a rd , A m e r i c a n E l ec t r i c a l Te sti n g C o . , I n c .

M i c h a e l Donato, E l ectr i c a l R e l i a b i l i ty S e rv i c e s

A Cross-section ofthe Many Industries 7hat Benefit from Formal, Detailed Electrical Commissioning, Acceptance, and Maintenance Programs One of the first people to receive a copy of the new standard, Mechanical and Electrical Instructor L.W Brittian, has a positive initial impression of the document, saying, "All sectors of the electrical

D a n H o o k , We s t e r n E l e c t r i c a l S e r v i c e s , I n c .

A I Pete rs o n , U t i l i ty S e r v i c e C o r p o r a t i o n Mose R a m i e h , I l l , Power & G e n e ra t i o n Te s t i n g , I n c .

M a n o j S h a h , S o u t hwest E n e rg y S y s te m s , LLC Ron W i d u p , S h ermco I n d u stries C h r i s Zavad l ov, POW E R Te sti n g and Energization, Inc.

F i n d out m o re fro m o u r expe rts a bout d isso lved gas a na lysis with the Delphi Po rta b le . www. d o b le . co m/D e l p h i Po rta b le

ENGINEERING

S AF ETY CORNER

HAN D

PROTECTI

BY PAUL C HAM B E RLAIN, American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

Workers' hands are the most commonly injured part of their bodies. W hether the hazard comes from spinning blades, pinches between two materials, heat, chemicals, or electricity, working hands are under constant attack. In most work environments, utmost care should be taken to protect workers' hands. This article identifies the common hazards and risks to a worker's hands and the means to mitigate injury and promote safety.

CHEMICALS Many commonly used chemicals i n the workplace can cause chronic illness through dermal absorption and may go undetected by the worker; as such, direct contact must always

be avoided. Some chemicals can cause painful and debilitating burns on the skin that may take a long time to heal. Both burns and dermal absorption can potentially result in serious or even fatal injuries. Employers and employees

Permeation/Degradation Resistance Guide for Ansell Gloves The llnc square Rl eadl co!Uiml fOI' cxh glove l)liC is e»ioc mdu:L Thi. U. ;u1 195)'10<r9d indiQ,tion ol how -.·e. r:lle tLis type. of gioFe in relation to its ;!flpiiabitlt:r rOC'" � chenUGI listed. Th e color r�resenl!'l an cn"CRtl Atil'� fcc- both dr:i§:r.u�ii:Nn and pe�DL The leuo- in ed :lqtlatl: is (or lkgracbtiOJI ..De:••• CREEN: The gl!we is vtry ..,�u suited for �a.ppliallon YiillJ tfut c::htmic;a,l.

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Figure 1 : Ansell Permeation/Degradation Resistance Guide NOTE: This actual table is severalpages in length; more information can be found at.· http:!!www.ansellpro.com/download!Ansell_SthEditionChemica!ResistanceGuide.pdf

36

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HAND PROTECTION

S AF ETY CORNER

must ensure the proper use of gloves that are specific to the type of chemical being handled.

There are many materials available for glove construction; some are better suited than others for resistance to breakthrough or permeation.

Breakthrough time is determined using an ASTM standardized test for the elapsed time between initial contact of the chemical on one side of the glove material and the analytical detection of the chemical on the other side of the glove material. If there is no breakthrough, this is marked as ND (none detected) for the test. These times generally reflect how long a glove can be expected to provide resistance when totally submerged in the chemical. The permeability of the material, or permeation rate, is how long it takes for a chemical to pass through the glove on a molecular level. Glove thickness can affect the permeability of a material. Again, there is an ASTM test for this, and the glove manufacturer must rate the permeability of the glove on its fact sheet. When determining the correct glove for handling a chemical, always refer to the manufacturer's fact sheet, such as the one excerpted from Ansell (See Figure 1 ) .

Figure 2: Moby Safety Box Knife

must be inspected for wear and tear and replaced as necessary. Different work methods can also go a long way toward reducing preventable hand injuries. Instead of using a knife to strip insulation, for example, use a wire stripping tool. Use safety knives (Figure 2) to open letters and boxes instead of a razor blade or scissors.

Ensuring correct guarding on tools like rotating carpenters saws or right angle grinders will also reduce the likelihood of injury. Inspect workers' tools regularly to ensure that the guarding has not been removed or compromised. Removing the guard may aid in getting a job done quicker or easier, but it could cost a finger - or worse.

. B.

LACERATION I ABRASION I CRUSHING Cutting a finger while removing insulation, scraping a hand on a sharp panel door edge, or slamming a finger with a tool, can be hard to avoid. Human beings are fallible; however, we can minimize the impact of these injuries by using protection like leather, cotton, or rubberized gloves. In extreme circumstances, Kevlar or metal gloves may be necessary.

Leather gloves are usually the preferable means of protection from all of these injuries and are relatively inexpensive. A good rule-of-thumb is that if a tool is necessary to do the job, it is likely that gloves are also needed.

A job hazard analysis, along with good, old­ fashioned common sense, will also help determine if an employee could get lacerated or otherwise injured performing a task. Much like other forms of personal protective equipment (PPE), gloves

HAND PROTECTION

fJC�· -<:/

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Exercises

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Figure 3: Stretching Exercises to Minimize or Eliminate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

NETAWORLD

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S AF ETY CORNER

Figure 4: Microsoft Ergonomic Keyboard 4000

ERGONO MIC I REPETITIVE Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common hand injuries in the United States. It is even harder to prevent when activites outside of the workplace contribute to these injuries. Other common types of repetitive motion injuries are tendinitis and bursitis, which are injuries to tendons and bursae, respectively. Carpal tunnel syndrome is not an occupational hazard exclusive

Class Color

Proof Test Voltage AC I DC

Max. Use Voltage AC I DC

00

2.�0 1 10,000

�01 750

Beige

0 Red

5,0001 20,000

1 'tiMe

10,000 140,000

7,500/ 11,250

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1 7,0001 25,500

30,000 1 60,000

26,500/ 39,750

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Rubber Molded Products Label

to those using a computer; it is also a hazard to anyone who performs repetitive hand motions, mechanical gripping, small part assembly, or encounters vibration in fields such as mechanics, factory work, or an electrical trade. Education is the best method of prevention for repetitive motion injuries. To avoid these injuries, perform frequent range-of-motion exercises (Figure 3) to warm up and alleviate injury. Many tools are available that promote proper ergonomics and posture, such as a wave-style keyboard, or a track-ball mouse. Hand tools such as right­ angle power drills and t-handle drivers also help prevent hand and wrist strain and proper hand positioning. Padded palms and fingers can help prevent repetitive motion injury while using vibratory tools such as a hammer drill or jig saw, or while using impact tools such as a hammer.

Additionally, it is suggested that for every hour sitting and working on a keyboard, take a minute or two to get up, move around, and stretch. Several

Insulating Rubber G love Label

R£QUEST THE B£ST W TH SALISBURY

Insulating Rubber Dipped Steeve Label

�rt#.ISII£11111T ""'�

Figure 5: Salisbury's ASTM Rubber Glove Labeling Chart Available here https:llwww.salisburybyhoneywelLcomlen-US!presslproduct_support!Case%205tudies/Salisbury%20ASTM%20Label%20Chart.pdf

38

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SUMMER 2015

HAND PROTECTION

S AF ETY CORNER manufacturers of ergonomic mice and keyboards have companion software to remind the worker to stretch and can even show the worker more effective stretching exercises depending on use (See Figure 4).

identification numbers) and entering the results of the tests and the dates of testing onto a tracking log is an accepted means of meeting this regulatory requirement.

ELECTRICAL S H OCK

Users ofthe protective equipment must also inspect them before each use and after any action that may cause damage. This inspection does not need to be tracked, but it does need to be conducted by users to ensure their safety. The user must visually inspect the gloves for any physical damage like punctures, cuts, nicks, cracks, scratches, or abrasions. The user must also inspect the glove for any chemical deterioration of the material by looking for swelling, softness, stickiness, or hardness. Owne may also cause rapid deterioration of rubber goods. The glove must be inflated to no more than twice its normal size to ensure that the rubber stretches, and the glove must be inspected for breaks in the material by listening and looking for the defect (See Figure 6) . If a portable inflator is not available, then the glove can be manually inflated by rolling the cuff towards the fingers and then spreading the fingers to look and listen for escaping air from holes. To ensure a thorough inspection, this test should also be repeated with the glove turned inside out. More detailed inspection guidelines and procedures can be found under ASTM F 1 236.

Figure 6: Salisbury

Electrical shock injuries to the hands are common in the electrical testing industry. With regard to PPE, the best prevention for this type of shock is to wear the correct hand protection.

Workers must wear voltage-rated gloves that are correctly rated for the task. The gloves must be tested in accordance with an ASTM standard to ensure they sufficiently protect the worker. See the chart (Figure 5) from Salisbury for the approved voltage levels for each glove design. The cuff length must also be adequate to protect the forearm from electric arc.

Gloves must be re-tested to theASTM specification regularly. There are two OSHA standards that indicate the appropriate test intervals: •

OSHA 1910.137 (Personal Protective Equipment, Electrical Protective Devices).

This regulation states that gloves must be electrically tested before first issue and every six months thereafter.

•

OSHA 1 9 1 0.268 (Special Industries, Telecommunications). This regulation states that natural rubber insulating gloves must be electrically tested before first issue, 1 2 months after first issue and every nine months thereafter.

It is also required that any un-issued glove that has not been tested within 1 2 months is re­ tested before issued to an employee.

The date of last inspection must be marked on the glove or tracked by another means to confirm that the expiration date has not been exceeded. OSHA regulation 1 9 1 0. 1 37(b) (2) (xii) states that the employer shall certifY that equipment has been tested in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (b)(2) (viii), (b) (2) (ix), and (b)(2) (xi) of this same regulation.

The certification shall identifY the equipment that passed the test and the date it was tested.

Individual marking of the glove (i.e. equipment

HAND PROTECTION

Rubber Glove lnjlatore

CONCLUSION With so many bones, ligaments, tendons, and joints keeping hands and wrists working, there is ample opportunity for injury in the workplace and during everyday activities.

Correct protection, training, equipment, and techniques go a long way to protect these important assets.

Paul Chamberlain has served as safety manager for American Electrical Testing Company Inc. since 2009. He has been in the safetyfieldfor thepast 12 years, workingfor various companies and in various industries.

Paul received a bachelor of science degree from Massachusetts Maritime Academy.

NETAWORLD

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·

TECH TI PS

BY J E F F JOWETT, Megger

A lightning stroke can be considered a huge electric spark traveling between clouds or cloud to earth. With such an uncontrolled phenomenon, estimates are no more than just that, but 30 to 50 million volts and 1 8 ,000 amperes are reliable parameters.

The stroke is approximately 90 percent negatively charged.

Protection against such an awesome force is a tall order, but nonetheless achievable. The demand is rigorous, including air and ground terminals, grounding conductors and interconnecting conductors, surge suppression devices, and appropriate fittings.

The process of lightning protection consists of intercepting the discharge, safely conducting the lightning currents while minimizing the effects, and dissipating the currents into the earth. Various systems have been devised to address these demanding requirements. Some of these involve advanced technologies, such as the early streamer air terminal and dissipating air terminal. Some commentary remains that they are unproven technologies; furthermore, they are not recognized by standards organizations like UL and NFPA. The most widely-accepted protection method continues to be the Franklin air terminal.

Building a protective system begins with risk assessment, including the type of structure to be protected and its construction, location, topography, and contents. A major consideration is the lightning frequency in the area, which varies drastically around the country. These factors are described by six indices and can be

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assigned numbers indicating relative degree.

Type of structure begins with small single­ family residences and proceeds through various sizes of commercial buildings, from sensitive structures such as smoke stacks and towers, to hospitals, to buildings housing or manufacturing volatile materials.

Construction takes into account both frame and roof while assessing them with respect to use of wood, concrete, structural steel, and other materials. Where metallic structure is involved, electrical continuity is a further important consideration.

Location involves surrounding structures and terrain, with both the square footage and the height above surrounding structures and landscape being assessed. The highest risk factor here is height extending more than 50 feet above adjacent structures and terrain. Topography is assessed in four categories: flat, hillside, hilltop, and mountaintop. Contents include

A LOOK AT THE BASICS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION

TECH TI PS

A: 50 ft ( 1 5 m) maximum spacing between a i r terminals 8: 1 50 ft (45 m ) maximum l ength of cross run cond uctor perm itted without a conn ection from the cross run con ductor to the m a i n perimeter or down conductor

C: 20 ft (6 m) or 25 ft (7.6 m) maxi m u m spaci n g s between air term i n a l s a l o n g edges

Figure 1 : Air terminals must be correctly spaced to provide complete protection. furnishings, combustible and non-combustible materials, population of occupants, livestock, and equipment. This category extends to fine points such as historical nature of materials and mobility of personnel (e.g. bedridden) .

Last assessed is lightning frequency, known as isokeraunic level. This is the number of lightning strokes per unit time and is assigned a rating from 1 00 in much of central and south Florida, especially the western side, diminishing steadily proceeding north and west, with some uptick in activity in central Colorado and western Montana before dropping along the Pacific coast to a zero to 1 0 rating. Once these six factors have been assessed, the risk factor is calculated according to: R = (A + B + C + D + E) /F where F is an index number inversely proportional to the isokeraunic level. Zero to two is considered light risk, with anything over seven

A LOOK AT THE BASICS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION

considered severe. Being able to objectively assign a number to risk helps provide a basis for evaluating the next step, which is to design a protective system.

Applicable standards are NFPA 70 and 780, and UL 96 and 96A. NFPA 780 is the standard for installation of lightning protection systems.

It is the most active standard but not an enforced code. UL 96A is also an installation standard, while 96 covers the manufacture of materials. Independent, third-party inspection is described and outlined in 96A. NFPA 70 National Electrical Code includes lightning protection systems and separate but connected grounding electrodes. NFPA 780 describes strike termination devices (lightning rods) , the initial contact point at which the lightning stroke is to be deflected into the protective system and away from where damage could occur. These terminals provide the initial line of defense, but they are not required for exposed

NETAWORLD

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TECH TI PS metal structural parts of at least 3/ 1 6 inch thickness, which can be connected directly to the protective system. For redundant safety, at least two current paths must be provided. The height of the air terminal should be at least 1 0 inches above the protected structure. I f over 24 inches, the air terminal must also be supported by braces permanently and rigidly attached to the building and at a point not less than one­ half the height.

Positioning of the devices is also critical and prescribed. On pitched roofs, devices are to be placed within two feet of ridge ends. On gently sloping or flat roofs, they are placed at edges and outside corners. Density of placement is not to exceed 20 feet, but for devices 24 inches and above in height, placement can be extended to not more than 2 5 feet. Flat or gently sloping roofs that exceed 50 feet in length or width shall have additional air terminals spaced not to exceed 50 feet on flat and gently sloping areas (See Figure 1 ) .

There are also standards which describe allowable bend radii for conductors (See Figure 2) . A common, and potentially disastrous, error in lightning protection design is to randomly string conductors together and let them fall where they may. For effective lightning protection, the demands are more rigorous.

Lightning does not like to travel a curved path and will punch through insulation at right­ angle bends. Accordingly, no conductor bend shall have a radius less than eight inches or

form an included angle less than 90 degrees.

The down conductor (grounding conductor) terminates at a grounding electrode (ground rod) . Depending on local soil conditions, this may be a more elaborate system than a single rod. Its description in terms of size, depth, and number of rods is covered by 20 1 4 Edition of the NFPA 780, 4. 1 3 . 1 through 4. 1 3. 8 . If it is a dedicated electrode, it should be paralleled with the electrical system ground to prevent voltage gradients that could draw current into building wiring and equipment.

A lightning protection system creates what is called a zone of protection (defined in NFPA 780 3.3.45 as the space adjacent to a lightning protection system that is substantially immune to direct lightning flashes) . Its breadth can be determined by the rolling sphere method.

Described in NFPA 780 Annex A.4.8.3, the zone of protection is the space not intruded by a rolling sphere with a radius of 1 50 feet.

Imagine this as a ball tangent to earth and resting against the air termination. All space in the vertical plane between the two contact points (earth and air terminal) and under the sphere define the zone of protection. Similarly, if the rolling sphere were resting on two or more strike terminations, the vertical plane under the sphere and between those points defines the zone of protection. The rolling sphere is defined by the formula:

d Radius of bend

I

1

�.

- - -

h2

( .

R

- -

�

Figure 2: Conductors must haveproper bend radii to preventpuncture.

44

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SUMMER 2015

=

=

=

horizontal distance height of higher roof

height of lower roof (top of object)

Use of the formula is based on a 1 50-foot striking distance. The sphere must be tangent to the lower roof, or in contact with earth and in contact with the vertical side of the higher structure. The difference in height between the upper and lower roof or earth must be no more than 1 50 feet. As an example, imagine a main building 1 20 feet in height with an annex 50 feet high and extending 30 feet:

A LOOK AT THE BASICS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION

TECH TI PS d

=

-Y [ 120(300- 1 20)] - -Y [50(300-50)] d

=

d

-Y 2 1 ,600 - -Y 1 2,500 =

1 46.97 - 1 1 1 . 8 d = 35. 17

The calculated distance extends beyond the actual size of the structure, and therefore, it falls within the zone of protection (See Figure 3) .

Materially, then, a lightning protection system is made up of terminations in air and ground, conductors, connectors, and fittings. It may also have a surge suppression device. The air terminations intercept the lightning discharge, direct the currents into a safe path to ground, and provide zones of protection. The conductors concentrate the lightning current in a safe path away from equipment and personnel. They must be low impedance paths, and having multiple parallel paths enhances their effectiveness. They can be of copper or aluminum, and some offer UL listing. The ground termination dissipates the current into the earth. It must be of low resistance and not lead to dangerous step potentials in the surrounding area.

Grounding electrodes range in complexity from the single ground rod through plates, meshes, and large grids of interconnected rods. They all do essentially the same thing, j ust providing larger and larger amounts of interface with the soil to lower resistance and overcome difficult soil conditions. Ufer grounds are concrete encased electrodes using rebar in foundations.

They should not be relied upon solely because lightning dissipation can damage concrete foundations. Poor local soil conditions can be countered by the use of enhanced ground rods, where a bore hole is drilled and backfilled with some form of conductive material around the ground rod. Not to be overlooked are various connectors and fittings that serve to bond conductors to terminals and building structure.

These must be tight and well maintained to alleviate potential between metal bodies and prevent flashover. Because of the enormity of lightning strokes, both in magnitude and

A LOOK AT THE BASICS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Figure 3: Rolling Sphere Zone ofProtection variance, no protection system can offer a 1 00 percent guarantee. But, by following the standards and observing established good practices, the chance of damage can be more like, "getting struck by lightning," as the expression goes. Upcoming articles will examine additional steps in more detail, such as surge suppression and other measures for assuring redundant safety.

REFERENCES Source of inforamtion: Harger Lightning & Grounding.

Grayslake, IL.

Jeffrey R. Jowett is a Senior Applicatiom Engineer for Megger in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, serving the manufacturing lines of Biddle, Megger, and multi­ Amp for electrical test and measurement imtrumentation. He holds a BS in Biology and Chemistry ftom Ursinus College.

He was employed for 22 years with james G. Biddle Co. which became Biddle Imtruments and is now Megger.

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The life of one we loved is never lost.

Its influence goes through every life it ever touched.

Diane W johnson-Hageman

'"" Unknown Diane W. Johnson-Hageman, a long-time NETA member and former Man of the Year, passed away on February 1 7, 20 1 5 , after a short illness. Diane is lovingly remembered and greatly missed by her adoring husband and best friend, Rod; her three children, Resa, Leeanne, and Michael; her sister, Linda; sixteen grandchildren; and numerous adoring friends . Diane was loved by all for her constant kindness, great generosity, and unfailing grace and elegance.

Diane Is All Smiles the Day She Receives NETA's Man ofthe Year Award in 1993

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Diane spent her lifetime working in fields traditionally dominated by men and was still working at the time of her death.

Diane and her husband, Rod, have owned PRIT Service, Inc., Minooka, Illinois, an electrical power testing company servicing industrial and power-producing companies throughout the Rod and Diane Working Side-By-Side at Midwest for more than NETA SRC Meeting thirty years. It was an ideal partnership that allowed Rod to focus on the engineering and testing aspects of the business while Diane lent her considerable business acumen to the internal day-to-day operations of the business which resulted in a successful company that enjoyed continuous growth over the years. She was a long-time member and volunteer for NETA, where she was a member of the NETA Standards Review Council, editor of NETA World Journal, and became the only woman to be named NETA's Man of the Year in 1 993.

IN MEMORIAM - DIANE HAGEMAN

w

Prior to moving to Illinois, Diane had lived throughout the southern United States.

She worked at Cape Canaveral during the Mercury Space Program from 1 9 5 8 to 1 96 1 , followed by a three-year engagement at Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 1 96 1 to 1 96 5 . In the late 1 960's, she lived in Paramaribo, Suriname, where she was generally believed to have the first fully air­ conditioned house in the country.

Diane was born in Jefferson City, Tennessee, and spent her childhood in east Tennessee.

She was a classically trained Contralto and attended East Tennessee State University on a music scholarship. Throughout her life she sang in church and community choirs and was often called upon to sing the Contralto solos of the Messiah in those communities where she lived. She was an avid gardener and loved to travel, especially with friends and family. She could often be found in the company of gardeners at resorts and hotels and was known to bring home "gifted" plants for her home garden.

Diane (center) Pictured with Her Coworkers at Cape Canaveral During the Mercury Space Program Period to share. She truly believed that anything worth doing was worth doing well, and she applied that belief and her exacting attention to detail to every aspect of her life.

Diane learned to embroider at an early age and became an accomplished seamstress, creating both beautiful Diane possessed grace one-of-a-kind clothing and poise that are and lovely pieces of seldom seen. She was needlework. Ifsomething a woman of great didn't look right, she moral fiber and gave would pull out the generously when she stitches and do it over saw others in need. She until it was perfect. . ( . was the type of person She loved to cook and young professionals aspire the recipes for her to become: intelligent, sumptuous holiday dishes assertive, driven, strong­ were in high demand: willed, hard-working, horseradish carrots, shoe Diane Hageman and Al Peterson Enjoy a and well-respected. She peg corn salad, and Nightcap and a Hearty Laugh is what every woman homemade cranberry hopes to be: beautiful, graceful, charming, relish with walnuts being some of her funny, and strong as steel to the core. She favorites. Few people knew that she spent lived her life to the hilt every day and put hours perusing gourmet cooking magazines the old adage "early to bed and early to rise for those perfect recipes or that she practiced makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise" to them in advance to make sure they were ready

IN MEMORIAM - DIANE HAGEMAN

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N EW S

considered him to be her best friend, never tiring of his companionship whether it be while working, traveling with friends, or simply hanging out at home. She delighted in the accomplishments of family and friends and took great pleasure in sharing their successes with others. She frequently shared these stories while hosting gatherings in the

the test, enjoying a nightcap with the best of them and rising with the sun the next day to get back to work. She was a magical combination of Southern Belle and a shot of whiskey. Even her handwriting had a Southern accent; you could hear it in the gently sloping corrections she made with her red ball-point pen in the margins of the NETA standards or articles for NETA World, always there in the background softening the blow of a missed comma or the incorrect use of "proper" instead of correct. cc

Diane and Rodjust Being Themselves

50

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SUMMER 2015

"

Although Diane took both her work and hobbies seriously, making time to enjoy life and have fun with those who she held dear was especially important. While she worked hard for everything she got, she considered herself an extremely lucky woman and frequently said that Rod was "the best thing that ever happened to me." She loved him dearly and

Diane and RodAre Serenaded in Lake Tahoe, California with Their Song, "Wonderful Tonight': By Eric Clapton beautifully landscaped garden she and Rod created at their home, a magical place where friends were always welcome. No one who knew her could fail to notice the way she tilted her head back and lent her melodic voice to the gales of laughter which were never in short supply when she was with her friends.

One day, those of us who know and love her will find ourselves walking through a gate into a beautiful spring garden. And there, cool as a cucumber in her chic and breezy clothes, her hair perfectly coiffed, with

IN MEMORIAM - DIANE HAGEMAN

Diane in Her Garden sunglasses donned and diamonds sparkling subtly in the afternoon sun, a glass of buttery chardonnay perspiring slowly in her graceful hand, will be Diane. She'll look up, smile sweetly, and ask in her lilting East Tennessee accent, "What in the hell took you slowpokes so long?"

While I know that Diane wouldn't want us to rush through the rest of o ur journeys to reach that garden, I know for certain that she will welcome us with open arms when the time comes, and we'd better have some grand stories and adventures to share with her when we get there.

If there ever comes a day when we can't be together, keep me in your heart, I'll stay there forever.

- Winnie the Pooh

IN MEMORIAM - DIANE HAGEMAN

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F E ATURE

I M PROVI N G RE LIAB I LITY

COMPLIANCE B Y KA R L Z I M M E RM A N , Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.

"I'm concerned that we are too focused on compliance rather than thinking and doing the right thing. " These are words spoken by an

electric utility executive at the inaugural Modern Solutions Power System Conference sponsored

by Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. in Chicago in June 20 12. As one looked across the ballroom, heads nodded in agreement among the group of several hundred conference goers.

A lively discussion led to a consensus: The often weak relationship between compliance activities and reliability is a problem facing not only utilities, but industry as well, and it does not appear to be getting better.

•

One year later, the conference reassembled in Chicago. One of the half-day panel sessions addressed the question at the heart ofthe issue: How can we improve reliability beyond compliance?

Panelists from the aviation, petrochemical, and electric utility industries, along with protection and control system equipment manufacturers, participated in a four-hour session to discover solutions.

Clifton Ericson, an author and a senior system safety engineer from URS Corporation, discussed the relationship between safety and reliability.

(Figure 1) Ericson said that standards are beneficial

Figure 1: Reliability and Safety Overlap

56

•

SUMMER 2015

and necessary, but they are not enough. "Things fail. Things wear out. Humans err. Designs contain flaws. A system safety program is needed." He used the example of a common-mode failure that caused three separate hydraulic lines to fail on United Airlines Flight 232 in 1 989. The hydraulic lines were on independent right-of-ways except for a short common path, which is where the failure occurred. "Reliability only considered the three redundant hydraulic lines. Safety is the missing link in reliability," said Ericson.

The next speaker, Jerry Pittman, technology advisor for electrical systems for Valero, spoke of the company-wide changes that resulted in the organization's improvement from third quartile to first quartile according to Solomon availability metrics. The vision, Pittman said, was to "instill a culture of risk-based process safety and reliability at every refinery to push beyond regulatory compliance to operational excellence."

According to Pittman, Valero found that capital investment was not the primary means for better reliability. Rather, improved reliability was fundamentally achieved through improved work processes. Pittman said, "Unplanned outage costs (over a period of several years) exceeded $ 1 .9 billion, and we found 87 percent of those were preventable through reliability programs." The maintenance plan Valero implemented has borne fruit. Besides improved metrics, "we have much better participation and buy-in from the field," Pittman said. (See Figure 2)

IMPROVING RELIABILITY BEYOND COMPLIANCE

F E ATURE

800 750 700

Electrical and Mechanical Relia bility liiiiil ESARN

MAIN

650 600 550 2010

2011

2012

Figure 2: Measurefor Continuous Improvement

Figure 4: The Good Ol' Days

*ESARN - Electrical Safety and Reliability Index

Photo courtesy ofOncor Power Delivery

*MAIN - Materials & Inspection Network Assessment

The third speakerwasJohn Bettler, technical lead for the relay section ofCornEd in Chicago, who talked about the quality process for today's protection engineer. Developing good documentation, using standardized setting guidelines, creating application notes, performing training, and developing standardized testing requirements are the beginning of a reliable protection system. The process, Betcler said, "will incur challenges and requires support," from executives all the way to field personnel. (See Figure 3) Compliance issues, he said, "must be addressed properly to avoid potential penalties." He said engineers provide on call 24 X 7 support to evaluate all events to ensure correct operations, but there is also a separate group of personnel to assist with compliance activities.

The final speaker was David Costello, Technical Support Director for Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. Through his experience of working with utilities and industry, Costello was able to talk about focusing on the basics to improve reliability. Human errors, like incorrect settings or wiring issues, are much more common than

equipment common-mode or "hidden'' failures, he said. Therefore, "focus on human factors" like performing peer reviews, testing in the lab as much as possible, requiring complete documentation, and investing in training.

Costello also discussed complexity. "One utility engineer told me, 'we lost our picture'; the blueprint drawings showing the ac and de schematics." Some have expressed that microprocessor-based relays "have too many settings." The solution, Costello said, is to require better documentation, settings descriptions, and logic diagrams. "Remember that the good ol' days were complex also," said Costello, recounting older electromechanical technology with a myriad ofwires and hardware. (See Figure 4) Costello also talked about learning from each other, as well as from other industries such as aviation.

Using reliability analysis like fault trees, finding the root cause ofevents, and sharing what you learn are all tools for improving reliability.

The relationship between the aviation and electric power industries spawned an interesting discussion on how compliance activities can be used to improve

Support and Training

Standard

Testing

Figure 3: Processfor the Modern Protection Engineer

IMPROVING RELIABILITY BEYOND COMPLIANCE

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F E ATURE reliability. Airlines and airplane manufacturers have more freedom in sharing problems without fear of retribution from regulators by virtue of safe harbor laws. If errors occur and lessons are learned, sharing data "allows the entire industry to benefit," said Ericson. One electric utility participant, on the other hand, described the feedback loop from compliance to reliability as "painful."

Costello recounted a recent event. ''As a member of the planning committee for the Texas A&M Relay Conference, it was very difficult to get utility engineers to volunteer to present at the Real World Experiences session," he said. Many engineers expressed concern about disclosing problems because, Costello said, because "it may make them vulnerable to fines or litigation."

Table 1 : Lessons Learned Lessons Learned from Design Conventional Wisdom says: "We lost ou r picture" of older technology blueprints Find errors through com m issioning tests

Use the latest and greatest Make q uick changes in field using microprocessor-based relays Each e ngineer calcu lates settings When bu dgets are tight, cut training first Let's try it out! I think it will work !

Fix problems as they occu r Lessons Learned from Testing Conventional Wisdom says: Provide simple de control schematics and electronic settings to field technicians M a ke Company A responsible for th is, Com pany B responsi ble for that H ire contractors and su b-contractors to save ti me and mo ney Find phasing and wiring problems by energizing primary eq u i pment

Lessons Learned from Fault Ana lysis Conventional Wisdom says: Analyze only incorrect operation

If operation occurs, place equipment back in service Do not share system operations to limit exposure to complia nce aud its, fines, and l itigation

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SUMMER 2015

Im proving Reliability Beyond Compliance says: Provide or req u i re complete docu mentation, includ ing descriptions, logic diagrams, and schematics as necessary Develop checklists and test pla ns, test in the lab as m u ch as possible, and man date time for thorough field checks Use what you need to solve the p roblem Maintain revision and docu ment control Develop sta ndards and processes for calcu lations and perform peer reviews Co m mit to training and mentorship Evaluate new technology in the lab, not in the field Maintain a data base of instal led protection system devices and act on service bu lletins

I m proving Reliability Beyond Compliance says: Req uire comp lete docu mentation, logic diagra ms, control schem atics, and settings descriptions, as necessa ry Com mit to extra coordination and peer review at interties and h a nd-offs Req uire references and proof of experience, provide expectations, req u ire a plan, and review com p leted work Use synchrophasors and primary i njection, when possible, to prove ph asing, wiring, and settings before energization

Improving Reliability Beyond Compliance says: Evaluate all operations (correct and incorrect), implement lessons lea rned, and take corrective actions in a l l affected locations, designs, and processes Evaluate all operations for root cause before reenergizing equ ip ment Find a proper channel to share what you know, if necessa ry through a third party; get engaged and do the right thing

IMPROVING RELIABILITY BEYOND COMPLIANCE

F E ATURE Lessons Learned from Other Ind ustries Conventional Wisdom says: Improve reliability based on the sou nd judgment of experienced engineers Focus on capital improvements, com mon-mode fa ilures, and hidden failu res

Do not encou rage engineers and operators to share problems to limit exposure to compliance aud its, fines, and litigation Need to cut costs

A common problem expressed by one utility engineer: "The same regulator who comes to 'help' on Monday, comes back on Tuesday to report the findings as a violation." Many other conference attendees expressed that there was a lack of consistency in audits between reliability councils and even individuals within a region. The presentations and discussion that followed expressed a general desire for the relationship between operators and regulators to improve. Further progress is needed, and one step in that direction was taken at the 20 14 Modern Solutions Power Systems Conference in Houston, in which Costello moderated a session titled "Reinventing the Relationship Between Operators and Regulators."

Ultimately, the best solution for electric utilities and industry is to keep the focus on reliability.

Designing for safety and reliability, creating an environment of continuous improvement, and determining the root cause of system events are all factors in moving the needle in the right direction.

The contributions of the panelists and subsequent discussion yielded many lessons learned. The Table 1 summarizes some contributions that can lead to improved reliability beyond simple compliance.

As the moderator of this session, the author wishes to express his gratitude for all of the presenters and participants in the discussion, which added value to this article. As an industry, it is our goal and ideal to continuously improve reliability. It is up to the creativity and hard work of those in the electric power industry to make it happen, and to leverage our compliance activities into improved reliability.

IMPROVING RELIABILITY BEYOND COMPLIANCE

Improving Reliability Beyond Compliance says: Yes, but also use reliabil ity tools l ike Fault Tree Anaysis and other data to i m prove Focus on h u man factors, wh ich a re much more com mon, im plement a system safety and relia bility program, foster a spirit of continuous improvement Push for a model closer to the airline ind ustry, where the FAA al lows airlines and man ufacturers to share problems without fear of fines ( u n less criminal) Use risk assessment: cost of activity versus cost of inactivity

Improving reliability is a slow and steady process, which can be likened to the work ofthe stonecutter, so eloquently described by the Danish-American philosopher Jacob Riis.

Pou nding tlrle Rock "When nothing seems to help, I go look at a stonecutter hammering away at his rock, perhaps a h u ndred times without as much as a crack showing i n it. Yet at the hundred and fi rst blow it will split i n two, and

.I know it was not that blow that did it, but all that had gone before."

- Jacpb Riis

Karl Zimmerman is a Regional Technical Manager with Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. inFairoiewHeights,Illinois.

His work includes providing application and product support and technical training for protective relay users.

He is an active member of the IEEE Power System Relaying Committee and chairman of the Working Group, "Tutorial on Application and Setting of Distance Elements on Transmission Lines. " He is also vice chairman ofthe Line Protection Subcommittee.

Karl received his BSEE degree at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and has over 20 years of experience in the area ofsystem protection. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the State ofWisconsin.

Karl is a recipient ofthe2008 WolterA. Elmore Best PaperAward ftom the Georgia Institute of Technology Protective Relaying Conference, a past speaker at many technical conferences, and author of over 40 technical papers and application guides on protective relaying.

NETAWORLD

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FEATURE

ELEmiCAL SAFETY LIABI LilY IN SUBSTATIONS CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE DENNIS K. NEITZEL, AVO Training Institute, Inc. DIEGO M. ROBALINO, Megger North America The effects of an electrical shock on the human

INTRODUCTION an

body can vary from a slight tingle to immediate

awareness of-electrical hazards is vital to

cardiac arrest. The severity depends on several

understanding why there are electrical safety

factors:

Understanding-or

requirements

at

from

least

OSHA

having

and

NFPA.

This understanding is also necessary for the development of electrical safety programs and procedures, as well as providing the required

•

•

by OSHA, IEEE, and NFPA) •

divided by the body resistance I (current)

reports, several hundred injuries and fatalities The hazards of electricity include electrical shock, electrical arc flash, and electrical arc blast. The physiological effects on the human body should also be understood by everyone working on or near,

•

=

•

E (voltage) I R (resistance)]

Current path through the body (if it passes through a vital organ, it can be fatal)

•

Area of contact

•

Duration of contact

Electrical

shock

is

generally

classified

as

electrical circuits and equipment. These three

touch potential or step potential, especially

generally recognized electrical hazards can exist

when work is performed in a substation yard.

when doing work in electrical substations and

Touch potential is where an energized part is

equipment rooms.

exposed and a person touches it with any part

Electrical Shock

62

or interacting with,

Amount of current flowing through the body [determined by the circuit voltage

According to documented accident investigation occur every year as a result of electrical hazards.

Circuit voltage (50 volts to ground or more is considered to be hazardous voltage

PPE and training for employees who may be exposed to electrical hazards.

Body resistance (wet or dry skin are major factors of body resistance)

-

Electrical shock occurs when

of their body while another part of their body is touching ground, thus providing a path for

a person's body completes the current path

current to flow. Step potential is where current

between two energized conductors of a circuit

is flowing through the ground, as in the case

or between an energized conductor and a

of a downed power line. If a person is in close

grounded surface or object. Essentially, when

proximity to the line and takes a step, the

there is a difference in potential from one part

path for current will be from one foot to the

of the body to another, current will flow.

other. Touch and step potentials can be fatal.

SUMMER 2015

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY IN SUBSTATIONS- CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE

FEATURE Never assume that an exposed electrical part or

Electrical Arc Flash

-

protect the worker from contact with energized conductors

conductor is deenergized.

Electrical arc-flash energy

is referred to as incident energy and is measured in calories per square centimeter (callcm2). The level of incident energy exposure depends on three main variables: the amount of available short circuit current, the duration of the event allowed by the overcurrent protective device, and the distance the worker is from the arc when it occurs.

or

circuit

parts.

Appropriate

shock protection boundaries are identified in the standards and regulations and must be implemented to limit exposure to the shock hazard. The first protection boundary is the limited approach boundary and is limited to qualified electrical workers using the correct personal protective equipment (PPE). Alerting techniques are used to keep all workers from inadvertently crossing the limited approach boundary and possibly coming in contact with

Electrical Arc Blast

-

Arc-blast energy is the

pressure developed during an arc event where

exposed energized conductors or circuit parts.

Correct alerting techniques include:

copper is vaporized and expands at a factor

•

Safety signs and tags

of 67,000 times. This expansion produces

•

Barricades

•

Attendants

an explosion or arc blast and can propel fragmented and molten metal 10 feet or more.

PROTECTION FROM THE ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

Electrical hazards exist every time a worker enters

a

high-voltage

substation

yard

or

equipment room. An electrical hazard analysis and risk assessment must be performed prior to

The first measure to protect workers from

entering the substation to identify hazards and

shock, arc flash, and arc blast is to control

the appropriate safe work practices and PPE

the electrical hazards with an appropriate

that will be required.

hazardous energy control procedure (lockout/ ragout or clearance).

MAINTENANCE & TESTING

It is recognized that management-approved energized electrical work must be performed on occasion. To protect the worker from the shock hazard, appropriately rated insulation must be used. For typical low-voltage exposures of 480 volts or less, class 00 gloves with leather protectors rated at 500 volts are available.

As the voltage increases, so must the level of required protection. The highest insulation protection is class 4 rated at 36 kV

live-line tools or discharging stored energy (including testing), class 2 insulated gloves are typically used as a precaution. In addition to voltage-rated gloves, electrical hazard-rated shoes are recommended- bur their protection is limited, and they are not recognized as for

equipment and overcurrent protective devices is

to

understand

recommendations

the for

maintenance from

requirements

electrical

various

and

equipment

sources. Source

examples include, but are not limited to, the manufacturer's instructions, NFPA 70B, IEEE Std.

3007.2,

NEMA

AB-4,

ANSIINETA

MT S, 46 CPR 111, and NFPA 70E. The second step in performing maintenance

For most medium- and high-voltage work using

adequate

The first step in properly maintaining electrical

primary protection. Primary

and testing is to provide adequate training and qualification for employees. NFPA 70E,

Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, Section 205.1 states, "Employees who perform maintenance

on

electrical

equipment

and

installations shall be qualified persons ...and shall be trained in and familiar with, the specific maintenance procedures and tests required."

protection can be provided with dielectric

Electrical Preventive Maintenance Program:

overshoes,

insulating

NFPA 70E, Section 205.3 states, "Electrical

blankets, and insulated sheeting materials that

equipment shall be maintained in accordance

voltage-rated

gloves,

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY IN SUBSTATIONS - CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE

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63

FEATURE with manufacturers' instructions or industry

the manufacturer's instructions. In the absense

consensus

of the manufacturer's instructions, the ANSI/

standards

to

reduce

the

risk

associated with failure." Section 205.4 further

NETA-MTS Standard for

states that "Overcurrent protective devices

Specificatiom for Electrical Power Equipment and

Maintenance Testing

shall be maintained in accordance with the

Systems is an excellent source of information for

manufacturers'

performing the required maintenance and testing

instructions

or

industry

consensus standards. M aintenance, tests, and

of these devices.

inspections shall be documented." Therefore, the third step is to have a written, effective electrical

preventive

maintenance

(EPM)

program. NFPA 70B, Recommended Practice

for Electrical Equipment Maintenance, makes several very clear statements about an effective EPM program as follows: •

"Electrical normal,

equipment

deterioration

is

inevitable. As soon as new equipment is installed, a process of normal deterioration Unchecked,

process

can

cause

electrical failure.

the

deterioration

malfunction

or

an

Deterioration can

be

accelerated by factors such as a hostile environment,

overload,

or severe

duty

cycle. An effective EPM program identifies and recognizes these factors and provides measures for coping with them. " •

•

"In addition to normal deterioration, there

interface

power.

in

At first

the

world

of

glance,

the

role

however, CTs function as one of the most important components of the electrical system infrastructure. The performance of these devices is reflected in the correct operation of metering devices, relays, and circuit breakers. Therefore, a

comprehensive

yet

simple

approach

to

evaluating the condition of low-, medium-, and high-voltage CTs is paramount for testing service companies and utility operators.

CT saturation, incorrect polarity, ratio inaccuracies, wrong sizing of burden, and insulation failure can all lead to misoperation of protective schemes, or possibly a failure of protection schemes altogether. Unreliable and perhaps unpredictable

failure that can be detected and corrected through EPM. Among these are load changes

potentially permanent damage to major devices.

or additions, circuit alterations, improperly

Therefore, a complete CT evaluation should

set or improperly selected protective devices,

consider electrical tests that will verifY the

and changing voltage conditions."

function and performance of the CT in relation to

"Without an EPM program, management

''A well-administered EPM program will reduce accidents, save lives, and minimize costly

breakdowns

and

unplanned

production

equipment.

shutdowns

of

Impending

troubles

can

be

identified

- and solutions applied - before they become major problems requiring more expensive, time-consuming solutions."

•

essential

electrical

CT performance could increase the risk of

electrical failure and its consequences."

64

and

are other potential causes of equipment

assumes a greatly increased risk of a serious

•

C urrent transformers (CTs) serve as a critical

of a CT may appear to be a simple one;

but equipment failure is not

begins.

WHO IS MONITORING THE SYSTEM

nameplate data and industry recommendations.

Standards and guidelines referenced in such an evaluation would include IEEE C57.13.1, C57.13.5, the ANSI/NETA ATS, and ANSI/ NETA MTS standards.

It is imperative to evaluate C Ts in the field with highly reliable and accurate results. For this reason, there must be a test plan that covers the operating characteristics as defined by the nameplate data. Just as importantly, the condition of the dielectric system must be assessed by tests performed when the

All maintenance and testing of electrical protective

equipment is out of service, by neither intrusive

devices must be accomplished in accordance with

nor destructive techniques.

SUMMER 2015

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY IN SUBSTATIONS- CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE

FEATURE A proposed basic plan for the implementation

START CT ROUTINE TEST

of field testing is shown in Figure 1.

With high-voltage CTs, it is especially important to have a historical assessment of the CTs' insulation resistance.

In the absence of an

acceptable insulation resistance test result, there is a safety concern regarding electrical shock during testing or operation of the unit. NETA

I

INPUT NAMEPLATE DATA

I

recommends that the testing of insulation resistance between windings or between

a

INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST

winding and the ground connection is made at

1000 V de or at a tolerance recommended by the manufacturer. Once a CT 's dielectric properties have been verified as acceptable, the next step is to verifY the performance characteristics and nameplate compliance of the transformer.

A

secondary

winding

resistance

test

WINDING RESISTANCE TEST (SECONDARY) 1s

performed by injecting de current into the

I

secondary winding. Once the flux density in

I

the CT core is stable, the voltage drop across the winding can be measured (somewhere in the order of 100 mV). Ohm's law can then be

DEMAGNETIZATION

applied to accurately calculate and record the resistance of the winding.

EXCITATION/SATURATION TEST

Upon completion of winding resistance test, the core of the CT must be demagnetized.

Demagnetizing the CT can be accomplished by applying an algorithm that utilizes either ac or de current. Elimination of remnant

TURN RATIO & POLARITY TEST

magnetism in the core ensures subsequent testing of excitation and ratio test results will be accurate and reliable.

Following the proposed plan to test the CT, and having it fully demagnetized, the next step is to perform

I

RECORD TEST DATA

I

excitation and saturation

testing. Both excitation current and the RMS voltage of the secondary winding should be

GENERATE TEST REPORT

clearly observed in the measurement process.

Some may incorrectly contend that there is no

......

difference in whether the secondary voltage measurement is the average or the RMS. The two curves essentially overlap in the linear region below the knee

(saturation point).

However, beyond the knee of the saturation curve, Figure 2 shows that RMS values are higher than the average voltage measurement.

.......-""

c

)

TEST PROCESS COMPLETE

Figure 1: Process Diagram for Basic Field Testing of CTs

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY IN SUBSTATIONS - CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE

-

NETAWORLD

•

65

FEATURE 100

..

�

. ... ..

. . .. � .

...

.

,.,

lL �

� �

•

,-

/ 1

0.1

'

1.0

.. ...

. .. . . .

10 100.0

10.0 RMS Current V dig RMS

---D- Vdi g Avg

Figure 2: CT Excitation Curve RMS Current vs. Average Responding Voltmeter One additional test can prove the ratio and

described, high-voltage (HV) dielectric system

the polarity of the CT. Ratio measurements

devices require additional dielectric tests.

would need to be collected in the linear portion of the excitation curve, below the point

For HV CTs, it is important to verify if a test

that the CT would begin to saturate.

IEEE

tap is available before performing the test. In

C57.13.2008 provides two methods of obtaining

the more complex case of a CT, where the

this information; one requires that primary

insulation system consists of paper wrapped in

current be injected into the CT and secondary

graded sections and immersed with a test tap,

current measured, and the other allows for the

all capacitive sections (as shown in Figure 3)

application of voltage to the secondary of the

can be tested.

CT with the primary voltage measured. The polarity test, performed during the same step

HV

as the ratio test, confirms that the predicted direction of secondary current flow is correct

C1 =:=

for a given direction of primary current flow.

To complement the CT basic test procedure, one should also verify the impedance of the

C5

applied load to ensure that the burden of the circuit does not exceed the conditions in which the CT can maintain its specified accuracy and performance.

CT COMPLEMENTARY DIELECTRIC TESTS

66

•

While the importance of an insulation resistance

Figure 3: CT Testing Capacitances for

test as part of the basic test plan has been

Diagnostics

SUMMER 2015

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY IN SUBSTATIONS- CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE

FEATURE In Figure 3, all possible capacitances to be tested

guides assist users with electrical equipment

in a CT with a test tap are described below:

testing

and

maintenance.

Maintenance

of

overcurrent protective devices is critical, but

HV- high-voltage terminal

even more important is ensuring a trustful source of information to trigger any of these

LV-low-voltage terminal

devices under an unexpected fault condition in the system. A simple and practical reference to

D - tap test point Cl - represents the main insulation between HVand D C2-represents the insulation between the test tap

and ground; typically the test voltage

for

this

capacitance

does

not

exceed

500 Vac, unless the manufacturer provides a different recommendation

test current transformers has been provided in this document.

Dennis K Neitzel, director

emeritus

CPE,

CESCP,

of AVO

Training

Institute, Inc., Dallas, Texas, is an active member of IEEE (Senior Member), ASSE, NFPA, APE, I AEI, and SNAME. He is a Certified Plant Engineer (CPE),

C3 - represents the insulation between the

Certified Electrical Safety Compliance Professional (CESCP), and Certified Electrical Inspector­

test tap and the secondary winding

General. Dennis is a Principle Committee Member and

C4 - represents the insulation between LV and ground

Special Expert for the NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace; the working group chair for IEEE Std. 3007.1-2010, 3007.2-2010, 3007.3-2012 & IEEE

C5 - represents the insulation between the HV terminal directly to ground, including porcelain surfaces

Std 45.5-2014; and is co-author of the Electrical Safety Handbook, McGraw-Hill Publishers. Dennis earned his bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering Management and his master's degree in Electrical Engineering Applied Sciences. He has authored,

published, and presented

If advanced diagnostic tests are conducted

numerous technical papers and magazine articles on

to determine moisture content in the solid

electrical safety, maintenance, and technical training.

insulation system, apply

dielectric

it is then necessary to

spectroscopy

techniques­

Diego Robalino works for Megger as

preferably, in the frequency domain. Dielectric

a senior applications engineer, where he

response in the frequency domain

specializes in the diagnosis of complex

(DFR)

involves a procedure similar to the power factor test method; but in this case, a wide band frequency sweep generates the unique dielectric response of the insulation (capacitance) where the greatest amount of solid insulation is located. For most cases, the capacitance Cl is tested for CTs with test tap and C5 for CTs without test tap.

electrical testing procedures. While doing research in power system optimization with a focus on aging equipment at Tennessee

Technological

University,

Diego received his electrical engineering Ph.D. from that institution. With an international background spanning from South America to Eastern Europe, he's garnered additional education experience in project management and electric drives/automation. Diego has many years of management responsibility in the power systems, oil and gas, and research arenas managing the design, construction, and commissioning of electrical and electro-mechanical

CONCLUSION Safety in the workplace is mandatory. Electrical

projects. He is an active member of IEEE, ASTM, and PM! with multidisciplinary engineering interests.

equipment operators and all energy-related professionals are required to be aware of the potential hazards while working in energized environments. To protect electrical equipment and personnel, proper electrical equipment preventive testing and maintenance must be performed.

Several

available

standards and

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY IN SUBSTATIONS - CURRENT TRANSFORMER TESTING HAS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE

NETAWORLD

•

67

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engineering. net

AT LARGE SYSTEMS

BY MORITZ

PI KISCH, OMICRON Electronics Corp. USA

When it comes to grounding system testing, size is important.

For large extra-high voltage s ubstation s , the test setup m ust be con sidered carefully to obtain true values for step and touch voltages and ground potential rise.

70

•

Grounding systems are the electrical link between

This article compares two ways for the injection

the network's neutral and ground. In the event

of the test current for the step and touch voltage

of a ground fault, the current returns to the

measurements: Injection via a current probe and

transformer's neutral via the grounding system.

injection via an existing power line. A case study

Therefore,

including a measurement at a relatively small

the grounding system must have

a low impedance to ground in order to avoid

grounding system revealed significant differences

hazardous step and touch voltages in and outside

in regards to ground potential rise between the

the substation. Step and touch voltage, as well as

two methods. It shows that the injection via

ground potential rise test measurements, help to

an existing power line leads to a higher ground

identifY the potential hazards to utility workers

potential rise than the injection via a current

and the general public during actual faults. If the

probe. Therefore, the impact of current probe

test measurements indicate the hazard level is high,

spacing on ground potential rise, as well as step

the corrective actions needed to ensure personnel

and touch voltages, should be even higher for

safety can then be taken.

large grounding systems.

Performing the required measurements at large

CURRENT PROBE SPACING

grounding systems requires injection of the test

As shown in Figure 1, when testing a grounding

current via an adequately remote current probe.

system, the potential rise of the grounding system

IEEE 81-2012 states, "If the distance between the

and the current probe must not interfere with

current probe and the ground grid is inadequate,

each other. Between these two potentials is a

then the measured touch voltages will be less than

zone which is not influenced by the grounding

their true values." In other words, placing the

system under test or by the current probe.

current probe too close to the grounding system

This potential is called reference ground and

under test would lead to underestimating step and

represents the potential of the entire planet earth.

touch voltage as well as ground potential rise. As a

The injected grid current causes a potential rise

result, people could be put at risk by step and touch

of the grounding system under test, which is

voltages which exceed the permissible limits during

determined by performing a fall-of-potential

ground faults

measurement. The corresponding step and touch

SUMMER 2015

MEASUREMENTS AT LARGE GROUNDING SYSTEMS

FEATURE

Figure 1: Sufficient Current Probe Spacing voltages are local potential gradients, as between

even further away to avoid overlapping. IEEE

a metallic structure and a location three feet away

81-2012 recommends a minimum distance of

(IEEE 80-2000).

five times the ground grid's largest dimension

If the current probe is placed too close to the grounding system under test, the potential of the current probe and the grounding system overlap.

This results in a relative increase of the reference ground relative to the ground grid's potential.

between the ground grid and the current probe.

The largest dimension of extra-high voltage substations can exceed 600 feet, which means that the current probe must be placed greater than a half-mile minimum.

In other words, the ground potential rise is

Many practical problems are involved with this

decreasing. Step and touch voltages in and around

requirement. Installing the injection line is time­

the substation are associated with ground potential

consuming, especially when it involves crossing

rise. The higher the ground potential rise, the

roads or other obstacles. For some environments, it

higher are step and touch voltages. Therefore, for

is simply impossible to draw an injection line with

insufficient current probe spacing, the measured

the required length due to inaccessibility.

step and touch voltages will be smaller than an accurate measurement would determine them to

Safety is another critical issue which must be

be. If they are then used to calculate what the actual

addressed. Step and touch voltages at the ground

step and touch voltages will be in the worst case

grid under test which are caused by the test

condition of a remote ground fault, the result will

current are usually between 10 and 100 mV

be an underestimation of the true hazard to people

and are therefore no threat to personal safety.

inside and outside the substation.

In contrast, the remote current probe may be

INJECTION VIA CURRENT PROBE

source voltage drops there. The touch voltage of

For large grounding systems, the extent of the

area around the current probe must therefore be

hazardous since the major part of the test device's the current probe could exceed a safe value. The

potential rise could reach hundreds of feet. This

cordoned off and observed to safeguard passing

implies that the current probe must be located

people or animals.

MEASUREMENTS AT LARGE GROUNDING SYSTEMS

NETAWORLD

•

71

FEATURE Using a ground tester that only applies voltages

in the market that emphasize operator safety

lower than approximately 50 V is beneficial from

and protect against overvoltages on the line

a safety perspective since the current probe's touch

under test for all known scenarios.

voltage would be limited to a safe value. Such a test source poses an accuracy issue though because the

•

system allows for higher magnitude test

measured touch voltages in the substation would

currents due to the low impedance of the

be very low, as only a minor part of the source's

phase-to-ground loop used for injection. The

voltage is dropping at the grounding system.

resulting step and touch voltages, as well as the

As an example, the ground impedance of a

potential rise of the ground grid under test, is

current probe and a large grounding system are

higher than using a current probe and thus

assumed to be 500 .0 and 100 m.O, respectively.

results in a better signal-to-noise ratio.

Using a 42 V source voltage, the potential rise of the grounding system under test would only

•

fault at a remote substation. While the test

distinct locations in and outside the substation

current is smaller than the maximum fault

can be conservatively considered as one-tenth

current, the scenario's setup is the same as

of that value or less, which means that the

a true ground fault. Thus, a more realistic

measured touch voltage would be under 1 mV.

measurement of the step and touch voltages in

To measure such small voltages, the test device

and outside the substation can be made.

accuracy has to be considered, along with the effects of interference from adjacent live parts. With respect to interference, an effective

•

ensure sufficient current probe spacing; hence,

discussed later in this article (Figure 3).

Injection of the test current using an existing power cable or an overhead transmission line offers an alternative to overcoming the problems involved with using a current probe. Of course, shutting down a line for grounding system testing is not easily arranged. Nevertheless, this alternative is worth some consideration for a number of reasons: •

the measurement is less time consuming and complicated.

COMPARATIVE TESTS To

compare

the

two

previously

introduced

injection methods, comparative field tests have been performed. The setup of one test is shown in Figure 2. The grounding system under test is for a 20 kV0,4 kV substation with dimensions of 82 x 33 feet.

The maximum dimension of the grounding system corresponds to the length of the diagonal which is 88 feet by employing Pythagoras's theorem.

Safety: o As discussed previously, hazardous touch

According to the requirement in IEEE 81-2012,

voltages occur at the current probe when

the current probe for injection of the test current

injecting adequate test currents to maintain

must be placed at least 5 times the maximum

an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio for the

dimension of the grounding system distant or 440

voltage measurements.

feet in this example. The environment around the

Injecting the test current via a remote

substation is agricultural area and includes two

grounding system eliminates this problem

ponds. There are water pipes going out of this

since the touch voltages will be much smaller

station, which therefore have to be considered as

due to the smaller ground impedance.

part of the grounding system. Their impact will be

step and

touch

o Connecting a test device to an existing

•

Convenience and Time Saving: No long injection line has to be taken out to the field to

noise-suppression method can be employed, as

INJECTION VIA EXISTING P OWER LINE

Simulation of real fault: Injecting the test current via an existing line simulates a ground

be approximately 10 mV. The touch voltage at

72

Accuracy: Injection via a remote grounding

SUMMER 2015

discussed later.

line usually involves coupling from parallel

The comparative test only included the fall-of­

systems. There are dedicated test sets available

potential test. Step and touch voltage measurements

MEASUREMENTS AT LARGE GROUNDING SYSTEMS

Figure 2: Test Configurations and Results have not been performed. However, step and

3 gives an example of the voltage measurement

touch voltages are associated with the ground

at 30 Hz with considerable interference at 50

potential rise of a grounding system. Therefore,

Hz. To prevent the interference from affecting

fall-of-potential measurement results are indicative

the measurement accuracy, only the portion

of what can be expected for step and touch voltages

at 30 Hz is measured .The results for 30 Hz

as well.

For injection via an existing power line, a 20 kV power cable has been taken out of service (marked in yellow in Figure 2). The remote end of this cable is located in a 110 kV substation about

and 70 Hz are then interpolated to 50 Hz to obtain the value related to the power system frequency. This test has been performed in

100------�---

820 feet away from the grounding system under test. Therefore, the required minimum distance of 440 feet for the test current injection location has been met. The cable has been grounded on its

10m-----

remote end to inject the test current via the remote substation's grounding system.

.1m

A test current of 80 A was injected first at 30 Hz and then at 70 Hz. The fall-of-potential measurement was made in the direction of the blue arrow in Figure 2 at various distances from the grounding system under test. The

Caused by test current

measured voltage is processed by a digital filter, which suppresses noise at frequencies above and below the test current's frequency. Figure

MEASUREMENTS AT LARGE GROUNDING SYSTEMS

Figure 3: Frequency Selective Measurement at 30Hz and Interference at 50Hz

NETAWORLD

ATURE -CP1 a E c

-CP2

140

E

"'0 c ::l

0 .....

1..9

-Power Cable

r

f

120

� 100 <li u c ro "'0 <li c..

-CP3

!

80

I

I

500

600

60 40 20 0 0

100

200

300

400

Distance in ft

Figure 4: Fall-ofPotential Profilesfor the Four Different Injection Scenarios Germany with an operating frequency of 50

results are calculated by using the entire test current.

60 Hz,

None of these values can be directly compared to

the same methodology can be used by simply

the values obtained by injecting the test current via

selecting the test frequencies accordingly.

a current probe.

Hz. For an operating frequency of

In the yellow table in Figure 2 and the diagram in Figure 4, the results of the fall-of-potential measurement with the power cable are displayed as an impedance pattern over distance. Since the injection of the test current was performed via a shielded cable with the shield grounded on both ends, the shield current must be measured to calculate the grid current. This is because only the grid current causes the measured potential rise of the grounding system. The current, which returns via the shield, doesn't contribute to the potential rise.

I?.J; I

=

l!tescl � 1-. � IbJ,intermediate I *

�nd

For the injection via a current probe (CP), three different locations CP 1

-

3 (orange dots) have

been selected, as shown in Figure 2. Here, a test

current of 3 A was used, employing the same

noise suppression method as for the power cable injection. The distance of the current probe from the grounding system under test was 295 feet

(CP 1), 492 feet (CP 2), and 886 feet (CP 3).

The current probe consisted of 4 interconnected

ground rods which had been driven about 8 inches into the soil. The fall of potential measurement

Measurement of the shield current can be easily performed by using a clamp-on meter located on the cable's shield connections to ground. The phase angle of the shield current in relation to the injected current must be taken into account to calculate the magnitude of the grid current

was performed along the same direction as for the injection via the power cable. The rods used for the voltage measurement were not removed between the individual tests to ensure equal conditions for all tests. For the injection via a current probe, the entire test current was considered for the calculation

accurately, due to complex subtraction as shown in

of the impedances.

following equation:

Figure 4 compares the fall-of-potential profiles for

&!ria =!.test- !.shiela =BOA- 61,6A

•

ei8•6o

= 21,2A

•

e-Jzs,ao

all four injection scenarios using the values from the

tables in Figure 2. For the injection via the power

•

Therefore, according to following equation, the

cable, the measurement was fully performed,

intermediate impedance results from the fall-of­

whereas only the last three measurement locations

potential test have to be corrected since intermediate

for the injections via the current probe were done.

SUMMER 2015

MEASUREMENTS AT LARGE GROUNDING SYSTEMS

• Testing - Calibration The values are sufficient for a valid comparison

• Repair - Installation

between the two employed injection methods.

The results of the injection via the power cable are higher than the ones for the current probe injection.

This indicates that the actual potential rise of the grounding system would be underestimated by using the current probe injection. A remote fault

+F //(/

on the power cable would cause a higher potential

• Engineering Assistance • Power Systems Management • Acceptance Testing

rise than determined during the test measurement.

It is also interesting to see the differences between the three current probe locations. The most remote current probe showed a slight increase of the impedance over distance, similar to the injection of the power cable. The closest current probe even

NETA.

shows a decrease of the impedance over distance

ACCREDITED COMPANY

which could be caused by the outgoing water pipes.

CONCLUSION Testing small grounding systems by using current probe injection is usually sufficient. However, the comparative measurement illustrates that injection via a current probe may underestimate step and touch voltages for large substations. Therefore, the

P.O. Box 984, Folsom, CA 95763 • 916.853.6280

injection of the test current via an existing power line should be considered for the most accurate determination of step- and touch-voltage and ground potential rise.

Moritz

Pikisch

studied

electrical

engineering at the UniversityofKarlsruhe in Germany. After working as an instructor at OMICRON between 2010 and 2013, he switched to a product management role at the beginningof2014. In this new capacity, Moritz is responsible for the development of testing solutions for line impedance measurement and the testing ofgrounding systems.

LJ

Acceptance Testing

LJ

Preventative Maintenance

LJ

Breaker... Repairs J Retrofit

LJ

Transformer Repairs

LJ

Infrared Inspections

LJ

Relay Calibration

LJ

Power Factor Testing

LJ

Coordination Studies

LJ

Ground Resistance Testing

LJ

Harmonic Analysis

LJ

Oil Analysis

825 Sycamore Avenue, Croydon, PA 19021 Phone (215) 826-9400 FAX: (215) 826-0964 MEASUREMENTS AT LARGE GROUNDING SYSTEMS

NETA. ACCREDITED COMPANY

NETA MEMBERS AND ALLIANCE PARTNERS GATHER IN MUSIC CITY

BY JILL HOWELL, NETA

I I I

:e

'-"' NETA Corporate Alliance Partners deliver brieftechnical presentations- Shawn Wattlesftom ComRent presents Standards and Trends that Have Implications on Testing Transmission and Distribution.

NETA's 2015 Annual Member and Alliance Meeting was

and Alliance Partners such as NETA publications, training,

called to order March 1, 2015, in Nashville, Tennessee,

the online NETA discussion forum at www.engtips.com,

Company

and the online technical library at www.electricalmanuals.

representatives, Alliance Partners, and Corporate Alliance

net. This year's meeting also included brief presentations

participants. The event was held in the heart of Music

from the NETA Corporate Alliance Partners, who

welcoming

over

160

NETA

Accredited

City at the Renaissance Nashville

each

Hotel on the Sunday leading into

or developments within their

PowerTest

segment of the electrical power

2015.

The

Annual

shared

new

Meeting kicks off PowerTest each

systems

year, transitioning into a week­

best

long series of technical sessions,

representative at the meeting is

professional

given the opportunity to share

exchange,

and

for

industry.

technology

last,

Saving

each

the

technical

networking opportunities. It brings

the most recent developments

together the largest gathering of

taking place in the many industry

NETA Accredited representatives

and

Company industry

professionals, who are aligned in their commitment to continually

NETA's Annual Member and Alliance Meeting brings together NETA Accredited Companies and Alliance Partners to share NETA news, technical reports, and industry insights.

The NETA Member and Alliance Meeting takes place during the second half of the NETA Member Meeting.

representation, such as NFPA 70, NFPA 70E, NFPA 70B, IEEE C57, IEEE C37, IEEE C62, ICEA, ICC, and so forth. This

work to improve safety, reliability, and quality across the electrical power systems industry.

standards to which NETA has

particular segment of the meeting usually creates an open dialogue, with questions and technical discussion that is hard to find outside of the face-to-face forum.

Corporate Alliance and Alliance Partners are invited to

Throughout the week of PowerTest, there are many special

join the NETA Accredited Companies for technical

events designed to promote the exchange of ideas and

reporting. During the NETA Member and Alliance

information sharing. For upcoming Alliance Partner

Meeting, NETA Accredited Company Representatives

events, watch the NETA Alliance Newsletter and NETA

cover the many technical resources available to Members

Worldjournal.

IF YOU WOULD LIKE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE NETA ALLIANCE PROGRAM OR WOULD LIKE TO ENROLL, VISIT NETAWORLD.ORG/ALLIANCE PROGRAM.

CAll TODAY

TEST TOMORROW

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INDUSTRY TOPICS

IDGI GTH G P: USING TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THE OLD AND ENCOURAGE THE NEW COPYRIGHT MATERIAL IEEE PAPER NO. ESW-27

BY JOE BARRIOS AND KATIE SCARLETT REYES, Tony Demaria Electric, Inc.

Abstract

latchkey

For the first time in history, our workforce has

communication.

kids,

social

interaction,

and

four generations working together simultaneously, each with their unique method of learning,

"Once a new technology rolls over you, if you're

of our top safety advocates are close to retiring.

not part ofthe steamroller, you're part ofthe road"

Once they have left the workforce, it will be the responsibility of the next generations to see that

Stewart Brand

The technology that was available during the

smooth transition may lie in the application and

y outh of each generation has shaped the way

Discovering a good

each generation is able to learn, communicate,

blend of current and emerging technology and

and develop a relationship with safety. Today,

training methods, coupled with more human

technological advances are produced at a rate

interaction, can lead to the development of a

that is near impossible to follow. Couple that

safety program that can effectively target each

rate with a workforce whose technological

generation. The future of safety lies in our ability

skills can vary from "technologically inept" to

to avoid alienating the older generations with

"tech-sav vy", and y ou are left with a common

the overuse of technology, y et use it sufficiently

problem faced by most organizations. How do

to keep the y ounger generations interested. We

we become part of the steamroller, successfully

must use technology to unite, capture and involve

integrating technology

the experience of old and transform it into a

utilize, unite and stimulate each generation in

medium that will encourage the new.

the workforce? A common mistake made by

This paper will shed light on the growing generational

gaps;

the

emerging

issues

inherently tied to this growth; and discuss the potential application of current and emerging technologies that can help bridge a gap between generations that technology has created in the last few decades.

•

-

safety continues to move forward. Facilitating a utilization of technology.

78

I. INTRODUCTION

communication, and relationship to safety. Many

that

can

efficiently

most is the thought that this process is as simple as the installation of the technology itself We tend to overlook the impact technology will have within our workforce, how it can divide rather than unite, how it can discourage rather than encourage.

Before we can successfully

avoid becoming the road, we must delve deeper to gain a greater understanding of ourselves, the

Index Terms

generational traits that define us, the methods

Technology, generational gaps, Traditionalist,

of teaching that can stimulate us, and the forms

Baby Boomer, Generation X, Generation Y,

of communication that can reach us.

SUMMER 2015

BRIDGING THE GAP: USING TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THE OLD AND ENCOURAGE THE NEW

INDUSTRY TOPICS Preferred Learning Styles

It was technology that created these differences

B.

among us, and it is only fitting if technology

Traditionalists prefer a traditional classroom

can become the bridge that can unite us.

setting that heavily utilizes lectures. They did not grow up with access to technology within

II. GENERATIONS AND THEIR DIFFERENCES A. General Attributes ofEach Generation Traditionalists (1925-1945) are described as

custodians

of

irreplaceable

knowledge,

relationships and cultural lore. They are methodical, self-sacrificing, hard-working, dedicated, stable, detail-oriented,

team

players,

respectful

towards authority, and loyal to both country and employer.

Baby as

Boomers

(1946-1964) are described

optimistic, committed, independent, team

oriented, argumentative, "live to work'', service oriented,

and driven.

They are often very

knowledgeable and efficient. They value personal growth and gratification. They are motivated by personal impact, gaining status through achievements, and building their retirement accounts.

Baby

boomers

are not

naturally

budget minded and can be self-centered.

reliant, adaptable, technology-literate, pragmatic, They "work to live",

have an intense yet balanced work ethic, are unintimidated by authority, and accept diversity.

They are motivated by economic security, improving their lifestyle, and realizing their creative and entrepreneurial vison. They are often referred to as latchkey kids.

Generation Y

Millennials, are described as technologically They exude

a heroic spirit, they "live then work", and are socially responsible.

source of learning.

Most of the knowledge

they attained while working was passed down by a mentor or family member. They want a structured environment where they are told what to learn. They utilize note-taking methods to capture information. Informational learning is often the best term to describe the style of learning associated with traditionalists.

Baby boomers also prefer a traditional classroom setting that extends to additional learning in the form of classroom participation. They prefer a class that utilizes discussions, simulations, case studies or problem solving exercises. Boomers like to share their experiences and seek value in the material they are learning. Transformational learning is the best term to describe the style of learning with baby boomers.

provides them with continuous feedback to validate what they are doing.

They prefer a

casual, relaxed, and comfortable environment.

Because they are more technologically literate, they are receptive to the use of technology and media in learning.

They seek practical

information and skills that they can apply immediately.

They like the incorporation

of team work, hands-on activities, and small group discussions that allow them to share

(1981-2000), also known as

savvy, optimistic, and tenacious.

They relied on the library,

Generation X seeks a classroom setting that

Generation X (1965-1980) is described as self­ practical, and creative.

the classroom.

personal experience, and job experience as their

They prefer a lack of

and receive ideas within the group/classroom.

A self-directed or self-paced learning style is what would best describe the learning style of Generation X. With Generation Y, they prefer learning to take

personal interaction in business interactions

place within a media-centered environment.

and often hold a sense of entitlement.

They prefer the integration of technology in

They

are motivated by being able to make a social

the form of webinars, social networking, and

impact, satisfYing high expectations, learning

multiple forms of multimedia.

and personal development.

They want to

They prefer

to learn through discovery rather than being

maintain their personal lives through flexible

told. They also have short attention spans that

work schedules. [1-5]

require frequent breaks and the information

BRIDGING THE GAP: USING TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THE OLD AND ENCOURAGE THE NEW

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79

INDUSTRY TOPICS to be given in short bursts. integration

of

physical

They like the

activities

and

the

of communication is less important than act of communicating.

They utilize tablets, mobile

utilization of mobile devices/tablets/laptops.

devices, laptops, desktops, tablets, and just

Their learning style is referred to as informal or

about every device out in the market. They are

incidental learning. [1-5]

by far the most technologically advanced of the

How They Communicate and Utilize Technology

C.

four generations.

[1-5]

Traditionalists prefer personal, face to face contact when they communicate with co­ workers

and

customers.

They

prefer

to

build real relationships, especially with their organizations' clients. Although they are open to using technology to communicate, such as email and mobile devices, they still prefer personal contact.

If they do take the time to

learn how to use a technology, it is usually to express their talents and insights.

A

Baby

Boomers

primary

Communication Breakdown

"We have more media than ever and more technology in our lives. It's supposed to help us communicate, but it has the opposite effect of isolating us." - Tracy Chapman As you review the methods of communication

for

As technology advances it ultimately alters the

used

communication was the telephone. They have

way we communicate. Throughout most of

learned to efficiently use email as a source of

our history, technological shifts have happened

communication as well as mobile devices, with

gradually

even some utilizing text messaging.

cultural disruption [6]. With the development

Their

and

without

much

perceptible

style of communication can often be indirect,

of new technologies, although it has given us

euphemistic, self-consciously inclusive,

and

the ability to communicate with anyone in

politically correct. They view technology as an

the world instantly, it has all but eliminated

Generation X was the first

generation to

predominantly use technology to communicate.

Their primary source of communication within the workplace is by way of email. They utilize mobile devices, laptops, and tablets to review email, create their own documents and use the internet for researching information.

Because

they are more technologically capable, more and more are beginning to exploit text messaging, instant messaging, and video messaging. They do still make phone calls, so they are more versatile in how they communicate. communication style

can

be

Their

described

as

informal and sometimes abrupt.

what is perhaps the most beneficial aspect of communicating; social interaction. It is through social interaction that we build real relationships with people, we gain respect for people, we build trust, and we begin to understand them.

If you put technology to one side, the human dimension will always prevail, purely because we understand more when a person connects, delivers, interacts and raises a point of view [7].

In order to build a relationship with a person it takes time and effort.

When you look at the styles of communication from generation to generation you see the shift from personal contact, to contact by telephone, to contact by email, and now, contact through text messaging.

There is a decrease in the

Generation Y chooses to communicate through

amount of effort and time one expends to

text

communicate

messaging,

instant

messaging,

video

messaging, social networking sites, email, blogs,

•

A.

for each generation you begin to see a pattern.

tool

instrument to improve personal productivity.

80

Ill. TECHNOLOGY: DIVIDES RATHER THAN UNITES

with another person.

Also,

simultaneously, you are able to see a shift in the

and wikis. They view technology as the default

attitude towards working with fellow coworkers.

method of thinking and working.

Traditionalists are team players, Baby Boomers

Because of

the methods of communication they use, they

are team-oriented, Generation X is self-reliant,

want quick, immediate responses. The content

and Generation Y is independent.

SUMMER 2015

Because of

BRIDGING THE GAP: USING TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THE OLD AND ENCOURAGE THE NEW

INDUSTRY TOPICS technology, the shift to a more impersonal form

a series of mtm-generation gaps, with each

of communication has brought forth more

group of children uniquely influenced by the

isolation within the workplace. It is hard enough

tech tools available in their formative stages of

for a Traditionalist to have a conversation with a

development. So much of the human experience

Millennia! just based on cultural differences and

is tied up in transient things that even kids two

personal interests alone.

years apart will have grown up in a completely

When you consider

how each prefers to communicate, they are

different media environment [6]. The existing

practically communicating with one another in

generations have a gap of around 20 years. If mini­

their own language.

generations are indeed the result of exponential

B.

technological growth, then one generation every Poor Communication

Missed Learning

20 years becomes 10 generations in the same

Opportunity

time span.

"Technology is so much fun but we can drown

consisting of 10 generations is unfathomable.

=

The thought alone of a workforce

in our technology. The fog of information can

How can you effectively create, manage, and

drive out knowledge." - Daniel J. Boorstin

maintain a training program tailored to meet the

The greatest casualty resulting from the lack of communication between generations is the exchange of personal experiences and invaluable knowledge.

As the remaining Traditionalists

retire, and Baby Boomers slowly start to leave the work place, the amount of knowledge they take with them is immeasurable.

technology and information available to them We have gone from the age

where knowledge was transferred from mentor to apprentice, to an age where the perception is knowledge can be downloaded in an instant.

Older

workers

experience,

have

insights,

we will end up part of the road sooner rather than later.

IV. WHY AND HOW THE BATTLE MUST BE WON Electrical safety has grown immensely in the last

40 years due in large part to the passion and will

Each generation is a representation of the as they grew up.

needs of 10 generations? If we aren't careful then

built

up

lifetimes

and

relationships

of that

enhance the performance of their organization in ways great and small. When this knowledge is lost, it can often be relearned only at a great price

[1]. In regards to electrical safety, that price can be someone's life. These older generations aren't

of our current workforce. Many of our standards and policies are etched in blood, the results of unfortunate and unnecessary events. The future of electrical safety does not fully hinge on the evolution of technology, but rather how we choose to create and utilize technology. Technology is not the answer, but it is indeed part of the solution.

A.

Can You Hear Me Now?

How many times have we seen an accident happen

as

the

communication?

result of W hat

a

we

breakdown say

is

just

in as

important as how we listen. Great communication between two individualshasits benefits. Effective

just great work mentors but great life mentors.

communication helps us better understand

Asking them a question is just as easy as entering

a person or situation and enables us to resolve

what you are looking for in the Google search bar.

differences, build trust and respect, and create

The difference is that with an older worker, there

environments where creative ideas, problem

are stories and experiences behind the acquisition

solving, affection, and caring can flourish.

of each piece of knowledge. They can be stories

[8]. How we choose to communicate is not as

of pain, joy, hardships, enlightenment, and great

important as why.

loss. Often times it is in those tales where the real learning is done.

There is no right or wrong way to communicate.

C.

is more important because we must learn to

You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet

In this case, the effort we put into communicating

Researchers theorize that the ever-accelerating

effectively communicate with each generation.

pace of technological change may be minting

Each

BRIDGING THE GAP: USING TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THE OLD AND ENCOURAGE THE NEW

generation

transmits

and

receives

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81

INDUSTRY TOPICS information differently and we have to be able

from person to person.

to structure what we want to say to meet their

different outlets in which information can be

needs. We are going to have to take the time to

recorded and distributed. Web 2.0 technologies

learn each style of communication.

such as blogs, wikis, social networks, podcasts,

If you're a

Traditionalist, you should take the time to learn

and collaborative workspaces give the user a

how to text or instant message. A Traditionalist

more natural ways to share knowledge.

might discover that there is a benefit to constant

the next step is to encourage older generations

communication in short bursts as opposed to waiting all at once in certain situations.

A

Millennia! should learn that sometimes if you want to get your message across you must do so in person, face to face.

The greatest

communicators in the world are able to adapt and reach people of different age, interests, and ethnicities. Their success is the result of the time taken to understand that to reach the largest audience possible, you have to understand them, what motivates them, and how to make your message resonate within them.

Finally, use communication to get to know

The responsibility

does not lie fully with them, but also with the younger generations.

Generation Y must realize that both Traditionalists and Baby Boomers have knowledge that is crucial to the progression of electrical safety for both the current and future workforce.

Many workers enter the workforce with a great understanding of theory, but lack the hands on experience. The older generations have experience with equipment that has been in service longer than their parents have been on this earth. Their knowledge of such items is irreplaceable. Sure, if you run into a problem

an authentic relationship with a person you

now you can easily contact them. What about

develop respect for one another. Trust begins

20 years from now? When they go, so does that

to build.

In electrical safety, when you are

knowledge. The younger generations need to

working with someone you have to be able to

use their technological skills to encourage and

trust them. You have to be able to trust that

motivate the older generations to use these

they have your back and are not unknowingly

available methods to share their knowledge.

danger. How many accidents have occurred after an individual looking from the outside in saw an unsafe act happening but decided not to do anything?

Whether it is because

they were fearful of negative feedback, felt it wasn't their problem, or if they just didn't know the person.

Do you think that person

looking in would just walk away if they knew the person had two young children? What if they knew the person's husband or wife? Or if they suffered through a rough upbringing just like they did? You can begin to see how personal relationships within the work force can affect safety. You can't build a relationship behind a computer screen or through text messaging.

It is built the old fashioned way,

in the trenches, side by side.

For the older generations who may be intimidated by technology, Vim Cerf stated, "You don't have to be young to learn about technology. have to feel young".

You

Every one of you that

participate in this conference is passionate about electrical safety.

You approach electrical safety

with a youthful exuberance.

If you channeled

even a fifth of that energy towards sharing your knowledge through Web 2.0 technologies, you could help to build an organic community [1] of knowledge.

With real time communication

technology into the social networking application environment, it is possible for people to start spontaneous conversations about the content, laying the basis for authentic relationships that lead to deep, durable knowledge transfer [1]. It is a way for anyone to keep contributing to the progression of electrical safety long after they

Capturing Knowledge: Building on the Blocks oJYesterday

retire. The blog you write today or podcast you

The transfer of knowledge doesn't have to be

10 years from now.

B.

•

to utilize this technology.

Now

someone on a personal level. When you build

doing something that would put your life in

82

Technology offers

SUMMER 2015

record tomorrow could lead to a life being saved

BRIDGING THE GAP: USING TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THE OLD AND ENCOURAGE THE NEW

INDUSTRY TOPICS There may be many of you that already take advantage of these technologies to share your knowledge.

I encourage you all to share your

knowledge.

I also encourage you to reach

out for the help of the younger generations if you need help learning and utilizing this technology.

We are all working towards the

same goal; making the workplace safer for current and future generations.

success in the training environment [3].

Finally, the last step in producing a great training

program

is

the

recruitment

and

incorporation of young talent. As these mini­ generations enter the work force, we need to seek out promising young talent and get them involved with safety early. They will be the key to keeping the training program up-to-date with current learning methods and technology.

C. Electrical Safety: Training the Present to

They may lack the experience at first, but by

Train the Future

collaborating with the older generations, they

Building a training program that can target the

will be receiving information immediately.

needs of each generation can be quite a difficult

Also, the process should not stop at recruitment.

task. They are many books, articles, and other

Electrical safety courses are beginning to emerge

sources of information that can offer methods

in more colleges. We should focus on pushing

on how to build a training program that

more safety curriculum into colleges. We need

can effectively target each generation.

to compete for that young talent. We need to

Some

organizations have been quite successful. Part of

show that a career in safety is very promising

their success is the incorporation of technology.

and fulfilling. It is those next generations that

They have been able to successfully blend technology with older methods of training, such as lectures, hands on exercises, and case studies.

will continue to push the evolution of electrical safety into new heights.

As the workplace around us continues to evolve

V.

and present new dangers, your training program

"Everybody has to be able to participate in a

must evolve along with it .

future that they want to live for. That's what technology can do." - Dean Kamen

A key in developing a great program is putting together a team consisting of members from each generation.

The collaboration from this

team could be able to put together training that could incorporate the best of each generation's learning styles. They will be able to bounce out ideas and receive immediate feedback.

They

can help each generation explain why a certain learning method may or may not be best for them.

CONCLUSION

By each generation working together,

they are able to better understand one another.

The pace at which technology continues to grow is only quickening. Every day we are presented with new technological tools that may lead to the next breakthrough in electrical safety. We may soon see the day where training is held in a virtual 3-0 world where employees are able to receive training in the same manner as pilots receive in flight simulators.

No matter what

technology is created, what it can do, it will still depend on how we decide to use it. We need

Effective teachers understand their learners.

to understand that technology is a tool and like

Baby Boomers have dominated the workplace

for which it was created, you will put yourself

for years and are comfortable in the culture

any other tool, if you use it outside the purpose at risk.

We need technology to continue to

In order to progress, they

improve electrical safety. Alvin Toffier stated

will have to slowly give the keys to the car to

that "Our technological powers increase, but

they have created.

the younger generations. The older generations

the side effects and potential hazards also

can provide knowledge gained from over 30

escalate".

years of experience, while younger generations

these hazards we must do it together, utilizing

If we are to prepare ourselves for

bring technological expertise, enthusiasm, and

what each generation has to offer.

energy.

If both can recognize and adapt to

you still use a typewriter or are able to conduct

these traits then it will lead to the enhanced

business on your smart phone, you will be able

BRIDGING THE GAP: USING TECHNOLOGY TO CAPTURE THE OLD AND ENCOURAGE THE NEW

Whether

NETAWORLD

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83

INDUSTRY TOPICS to make a difference. And when you do, why

to%20meet%20UNJSPF's%20Business%20

not use technology to share it with the world?

Development%20Needs.pdf:..

[5] Weiss, Scott. "Generation Gap: How Technology

We know we will.

Has Changed How We Talk About Work." Web log post. Forbes. N.p., n.d. Web.

VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During

last

year's

conference

we

were

approached by an individual that took the time

<http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2012/05/16/ generation-gap-how-technology-has-changed-how-we­ talk-about-work!>.

to ask us what we thought about the presentations

[6] Koschei, Jordan. "The Growing Technological

that he and others had given. Later that evening,

Generation Gap- The Industry." The Industry. N.p.,

we ran into each other and we continued to talk.

12 Feb. 2013. Web. <http://theindustry.cd2013/02/12/

He asked us what we thought about electrical safety and if there was an idea that we thought could help contribute. After explaining to him our idea, he told us two things. The first was to take our idea, write an abstract and turn it in for next year's conference. The second was that

the-growing-technological-generation-gap/>.

[7] Masters, Mark. "The Importance Of Human Interaction Over Technology."Business 2 Community.

N.p., 3 Dec. 2013. Web. <http://www.business2community,com/marketing/ importance-human-interaction-technology0701897#!brharni>.

he would help us if we reached out to him. We

[8] Robinson, Lawernce, Jeanne Segal, and Robert

would like to thank Mike Doherty for reaching

Segal. "Effective Communication." : Improving

out to us that day, hearing our idea, challenging us to be a part of the conference this year, and expressing extreme confidence in us.

The

second

person

we

would

acknowledge is Tony Demaria.

like

to

After hearing

about our experience with Mike,

he also

pushed us to get this paper out and offered to supply us with anything we needed to get it done.

Getting support from both men, who

are highly regarded within the electrical safety community, was a great source of motivation.

With the right attitude and support system, we can all accomplish great things.

VII.

Communication Skills in Business and Relationships.

N.p., Sept. 2014. Web. <http://www.helpguide.org/ articles/relationships/effective-communication.htm>.

VIII. VITA joe Barrios began his relatiomhip with safety after being hired in 2005 as an electrician's apprentice with Tony Demaria Electric, Inc. A shiftftom the field to the office expanded his role within the company For the fast jive years he has participated in the revamping of the company's safety policies and procedures.

As the company's current Assistant Safety Director, he is tasked with keeping the safety program up to date andfirst class. This will be his third time attending the conference and hisfirst time presenting.

Katie Scarlett Reyes graduated ftom California State University Long Beach with a BA in 2009. She has worked for Tony Demaria Electric for three years and is currently their Internal Safety Auditor. This will be her third time attending the ESW Conference and her first time presenting.

REFERENCES

[1] Salkowitz, Rob. Generation Blend· Managing across the Technology Age Gap. Hoboken, NJ: John W iley & Sons, 2008. Print.

[2] Proper, Rachel, and Tara Cox. "A Generation­ Based Approach to Training. " Editorial. Scrap June 2010: 1-4. Web. <http:l/207.150.194.71/ DocurnentArchive/129.pdf>.

[3] Cekada, Tracey L. "Training a Multigenerational

Member, IEEE

Tony Demaria Elecrric, Inc.

Tony Demaria Elecrric, Inc.

131 WestF Street

131 WestF Street

40-44. Http:llwww.asse.org/professionalsafetyl

Wilmington, CA 90744

Wilmington, CA 90744

[4] Carlson, Casey, Deloitte, and Touche. "Rational for Introducing the Generational Communication Gap into the Workplace." N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.un.org/ staffdevelopment/pdf/ Designing%20Recruitment,%20Selection%20&%20 Talent%20Management%20Model%20tailored%20

•

Katie Scarlett Reyes

Member, IEEE

Workforce." Professional Safety March (2012):

pastissues/0571031040_044_FJCekada_0312.pdfWeb.

84

Joe Barrios

SUMMER 2015

USA

USA

Joe@tdeinc.com

Katie@tdeinc.com

REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FROM IEEE ESW CONFERENCE 2015 NO COPYING, REDISTRIBUTING OR RESELLING IS AUTHORIZED WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM IEEE

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KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE QUIET ONES

"Quiet People Have the Loudest Minds" Stephen Hawking

BY KRISTEN WICKS, NETA

Stephen Hawking related an age-old piece of

As it is every year, the award was presented by

wisdom to a modern world when he said, "Quiet

NETA's President, currently Dave Huffman, at

people have the loudest minds." While most

the Member and Alliance Luncheon on Monday

people don't give voice to every thought that

at PowerTest. However, this year was marked by

flickers across their synapses, some people are especially reserved until they feel a reason to speak up and offer ideas and opinions. Lome Gara, recipient of the 2015 NETA Outstanding

a moving distinction. In the wake of the loss of long-time NETA volunteer Diane Hageman of PRIT Service, Inc., the NETA Board of Directors elected to rename this year's award as the 2015 Diane

Hageman

Outstanding

Achievement

Achievement Award, is known as someone who

Award, in honor of her years of countless

is on that end of the spectrum - at least as far as

contributions helping to shape NETA into an

first impressions are concerned. Turns out, he has

organization

a lot to say.

excellence. Her work helped create grammatically

88 • SUMMER 2015

respected for its dedication to

KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE QUIET ONES

EWS correct technical publications, from the NETA

to each article in NETA TVorld journal and the many press releases and other standards

communications issued from the NETA office.

Lome and Diane had the opportunity to get to know one another through their work on the NETA Standards Review Council. Even though Diane retired from the SRC just as Lome was getting involved, Diane continued to contribute and travel to the meetings with her husband, Rod Hageman, who is still a member of the committee.

Rod and Diane have always been known to hold extremely high expectations for the people with whom they work. Rod and Lome became friends after working together when Lome volunteered to lead the development of the ANSI/NETA

Standard for Electrical Commissioning Specificationsfor Electrical Power Equipment and Systems. Rod, Diane, Lome - and most people

ECS

involved in NETA, for that matter- are cut from the same cloth. They are the if-you-are-going-to­

Lome Gara, Recipient

the ANSI/NETA MTS for

ofthe 2015 Diane

Grammatical Errors and

Hageman Outstanding

Consistency at a NETA

Achievement Award

Standards Review

do-something, might-as-well-do-it-right sort of

Council Meeting

people.

that down into the document that was released

Spectacular achievement is always preceded by

for balloting. The Ballot Pool did their work in

unspectacular preparation. �

Diane Hageman Reviews

accordance with ANSI/NETA procedures. The

Robert H. Schuller

result of these collective efforts is the completed document, which as anyone involved in standards

Lome worked with Ron Widup of Shermco

development

Industries to rough out the initial concept for the ANSI/NETAECS during an impromptu meeting

job is never done, people like Lome

following the format of the other

are energized instead, finding reasons

ANSI/NETA standards, which

to

review the work

done by

Lome up to that point, as well

STANDARD FOR

ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING SPECIFICATIONS fOR

flECTIICAl

POWER

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

2015=

as to contribute additional ideas and materials.

Lome managed the project well, taking into consideration everyone's perspectives and input and gelling

KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE QUIET ONES

is

might be defeated by the fact that the

and put some meat on the bones,

group was assembled and met

knows,

room for improvement. While some

Lome took the skeleton created

might seem. From there, a working

maintenance

round of revisions. There is always

at PowerTest a few years ago.

is a lot more challenging than it

and

immediately put back into draft form for the next

to keep moving forward with each new challenge rather than resting on his laurels.

Lome's

co-conspirator

in

the

project, Ron has this to say: "Lome has been a great contributor to

ANSI/NETA ECS,

the Association over the last several

NETAs Newest

years, especially in the technical

American National

arena. His work with the Standards

Standard

Review Council has been great,

NETAWORLD

•

89

NEWS as it takes a certain type and personality

has labored tirelessly on behalf of NETA, even

to contribute in a way that is not only

though for every successful project completed,

reasonable, but also factual and accurate.

he was rewarded with requests to do even more

Lome does all this well, as he has great

work . I see Lome as a major factor in the future

depth

areas

success ofNETA. Our esteemed President chose

related to electrical power testing and

well in selecting Lome to receive the Outstanding

maintenance,

Achievement Award this year."

of

knowledge

in

many

with a concentration in

protective relaying. Working with him on the new NETA commissioning standard was great because he did a ton of work and kept the process going. It was very fitting and deserving that

he

received

the NETA

Outstanding

When building a strong, successful team, it is critical to assure that a diverse collection of talent and interests are present, but one unifying factor must be present in every teammate: the desire to create through collaboration. Even the mountain

Achievement Award this year."

A creative man is motivated by the desire to achieve, not the desire to beat others. �Ayn Rand

climber

hailed

for

summiting

the

highest

mountain didn't get there without the ability to assemble and coordinate a team that believes in his ability to achieve what he set out to do.

There is a lot of praise and glory for climbing Mount Everest, but far less in the creation of consensus-based

standards

-

which

when

considered, may be a far greater achievement because they require people agreeing to disagree, the coordination of thousands of pages of other industry standards, and the ability to motivate people to do what is often thank less tasks in the wee hours of the night or morning, when they make time for it amid other important life commitments. The great thing about people who are involved withNETA is that they have already bought into the idea that these projects are important.NETA volunteers use consensus-based industry standards every day and understand the value these documents bring to every facet of the electrical power systems industry.

Rod Hageman, a tenured veteran of the standards creation process, says;' Lome is a very quiet and unassuming gentleman. I don't know exactly what triggered my interest in Lome, but with a little interaction, it became apparent to me that he is quite bright and also willing to work for NETA without expectation

of

significant

reward.

Apparently, I was not the only one that felt that way because in very short order, the SRC invited Lome to join us in our work. Lome

90 • SUMMER 2015

Dave Huffman of Power Systems Testing Co., Inc. saw potential in Lome as well, saying, "With Lome, my first impression was that he is a quiet person, who makes a lot of observations and takes things in. He seemed a lot like me, so I thought, 'He's one to keep an eye on: I came to learn how easy-going he is, and that there's a lot going on in his head. I love working with Lome because while he has so much to offer and say, he also listens attentively to what others have to say. It makes for great collaboration:'

KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE QUIET ONES

If you want to build a ship, don't drum up people together to collect wood and don't assign them tasks and work, but rather teach them to long for the immensity of the sea. � Antoine de Saint Exupery NETA volunteers are many things, including loyal.

Lome is one of more than a few NETA members who found a work home directly after graduation and stayed dedicated to home improvement projects with coworkers ever since. Amin Kassam, General Manager for Orbis Engineering and Lome's boss, says, "I have had the pleasure to work with Lome from the first day after his graduation, and I continue to be impressed by his knowledge, commitment, loyalty, work ethic, and thirst for knowledge and excellence. I have seen Lome grow as a young man into a mature leader, a good husband, and a great father. I consider Lome to be a protege of mine, which makes me very proud, while also feeling honored to have had the opportunity to work with him over the past 17 years."

"Lome was one of the founding employees of Orbis and now is a pillar of our technical strength and experience;' Amin continues. "His

Lome Speaks to Power Test 2015 Attendees About Implementing the New ANSIINETA ECS Standard

involvement in NETA as an Orbis representative has afforded us incredible good will and technical

Never get so busy living that you forget to make

credibility, and we are very proud and happy to

a life.

support him in these endeavours. Lome has

�Unknown

helped grow Orbis from a three-person organization in 2001 to today's 115-person strong organization with NETA Accredited status and power system service and engineering capabilities and expertise."

"We are very proud that Lome has been selected

W hen given the opportunity, people tend to place themselves in proximity to like-minded individuals. Lome is in good company with everyone from NETA because he has discovered that the key to having it all is to never sleep. Having

as the recipient of the Outstanding Achievement

it all means making time for what's important, and

Award;' Amin concludes. "We thank NETA not

knowing that you're in good company certainly

only for the outstanding work the organization

helps

does in advancing the safety, technical expertise,

volunteer obligations, and family time. Lome

and standards of our industry, but also for

reflects, "In my time spent with the NETA Board

recognizing and acknowledging Lome's success

of Directors, other committee members, and

and contributions to these efforts. This is a great

staff, I have had the chance to work with many

when

balancing deadlines

for

work,

accomplishment for Lome, a young and humble

accomplished individuals and have made great

man under 40, and we at Orbis congratulate and

friendships. I have learned a great deal regarding

thank him for his continued hard work, efforts,

the

standards

development

and

association

and loyalty."

KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE QUIET ONES

NETAWORLD

•

91

NEWS business. I truly appreciate and value the camaraderie and everything I have learned. It will forever remain a major contributor behind my success and achievements:' While all the relationships he has built over the years have contributed to his success, the most important person in his life is his wife, Lisa. �te simply, he says, "I married a very understanding and supportive wife." Lome and Lisa were high school sweethearts who married in

2003 and have gone on to become successful, career-driven professionals while managing to raise two beautiful daughters, two hopelessly adorable canine companions, and who regularly make time to be together as a family.

The Gara Family (left to right) Daughter Lay/a, Lorne, Wife Lisa, Daughter Lexie, Dogs Lucy and Lola).

While Lome most enjoys the opportumnes for troubleshooting, learning new things, and working with other talented individuals, he also finds pleasure in camping, hunting and fishing, and being outdoors with his loved ones. He is in no danger of failing to make a life for himself­ and quite a nice one at that.

Lexie, Lorne, and Lay/a Enjoy Some Fun in the Sun

<Time is But the Stream I Go A-Fishing In." -Henry David Thoreau 92

•

SUMMER 2015

KEEP YOUR EYE ON THE QUIET ONES

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NEWS

SCIENCE+ MUSIC+ FAITH= HAPPINESS

BY KRISTEN WICKS, NETA

Alliance Program Chair jim Cialdea (right) presents Karl Zimmerman (left) with the 2015 Alliance Recognition Award at Power Test 2015

Each year, NETA recognizes an Alliance Partner who has exceeded all expectations when it comes to advocating for the association and its NETA Accredited Companies. This person is presented with the Alliance Recognition Award at the Member and Alliance Luncheon on Monday at PowerTest.

This year, Jim Cialdea, CEO of 3-C Electrical Co., Inc. and Alliance Program Chair, presented Karl Zimmerman with the 2015 award at PowerTest in Nashville, Tennessee on March 2, 2015.

When a person thinks of protective relays, NETA, and PowerTest, it would be almost impossible not to think of Karl Zimmerman. Karl has been a regular fixture at PowerTest since the mid-1990s when he first presented at the conference in Baltimore, Maryland. Karl's infectious smile, genuine compassion for his fellow man, and dedication to pursuing all his passions with fervor make him sought out as an educator and welcomed as a friendly face.

Karl Zimmerman is currently a Regional Technical Manager for Schweitzer Engineering Labs (SEL) in Fairview Heights, Illinois. His work includes providing application support and technical training for SEL relay users. He is an active member of the IEEE Power System Relaying Committee and is Vice Chair of the Line Protection Subcommittee. Karl received his BSEE at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1982. He quickly found his niche at SEL after graduating and spending some time working for a local utility in Wisconsin. "I have always liked being part of SEL, especially because of the people. There is a willingness to teach and a willingness to learn.

Learning from the very best engineers in the world allows for me to always be challenged, always learn something new. That gives me life," reflects Karl.

96

•

SUMMER 201 S

THE ZIMMERMAN THEOREM: SCIENCE + MUSIC + FAITH

=

HAPPINESS

When asked why he continues as a steadfast supporter of NETA,

Karl says,

"NETA's

spirit of seeking continuous improvement and increased understanding of evolving technologies, along with the A-team players who are present at

PowerTest

are

what

keeps raising the bar and creating an event that continues to be extremely rewarding to be part of each year. At PowerTest there is such a diversity of attendees representing a cross-section of industries like utilities, petrochemical,

data

centers,

government,

automotive, and military, to name a few.

This is really the perfect setting in which to present."

occasion - Rod on the drums and Karl on

Karl helps

Some of Karl's peers offer their thoughts on

the guitar and vocals. Rod continues, "If Karl

Power Test

who he is as a person, as well as who he has

ever decides to quit his day job, I suspect he

seminar attendees

been to them over the years. Dave Huffman,

could work as a professional musician. Karl

NETA's President, shares, "The first time

and friends, mostly from the same church,

I met Karl was during a presentation at a

have provided excellent music for PowerTest

NETA conference, and I thought he was one

on several occasions."

of the most brilliant people I had ever met. I

Ron

learned how dedicated he is to the industry and how approachable he is. He is always friendly, always has a good word to say, and

Widup,

President

Industries,

offers

up

"there

certain

are

individuals and colleagues in

is always helpful. He has such knowledge

the

and experience, and he's a great person to

industry

who

stand out

from the crowd, and Karl is

discuss electrical problems with. He's also a

definitely one to classify as a

great person to share a beer with at the end of a long day of technical presentations."

stand-out. Not only is he super

Rod Hageman,

and power system protection,

owner of

PRIT

a relay

of

Shermco that

troubleshoot

smart

Service,

on

protective

relaying but he

Karl and his band mate entertain

Inc., also knows relays well and has a great

is a great musician as well! The nice thing

deal of respect for Karl. Rod says, " There

about the two categories (electrical expertise

are some people who are not members of

and musician) is that you can't tell which

NETA

Accredited

one he likes more, as his passion for both is

provide

excellent and

Anniversary

Companies,

yet

who

PowerBash 2012 attendees at NETA's 40th

varied

support to

extremely high. And even after witnessing his

Zimmerman

personifies

Celebration in

commitment to both areas of his life, when

that and was presented with the Alliance

Fort Worth, Texas.

you talk to him, you quickly realize that he

NETA.

Karl

Recognition Award for his contributions

is a good dude on top of all that. And that,

to the association. If you engage Karl in a technical

discussion,

particularly

boys and girls, is pretty cool."

about

relay systems, you will probably leave with

Karl's colleague at SEL, Technical Support

some very valuable information." Rod and

Manager Dave Costello, may know Karl

Karl share more than just a penchant for

better than anyone else. Dave shares how he

protective relays; they are also musicians

and Karl met: "I've known Karl since 1991.

who have jammed together on at least one

After graduating from Texas A&M, I went to

THE ZIMMERMAN THEOREM: SCIENCE + MUSIC + FAITH

=

HAPPINESS

NETAWORLD

•

97

NEWS work for Central Power and Light, in Corpus

many of the good folks in this industry do."

Christi,Texas. The utility served the southern

He remembers that Karl came to Corpus

part ofTexas. I suppose since I was the young

Christi

guy fresh out of school, I was pressed by my

training a number of times, and on one

boss and co-workers to take on learning about

such

these new digital relays we were purchasing

differential commissioning worksheet. "This

and installing. I also spent a lot of time in the

tool is so valuable, we use it today in the

field with our relay technicians, learning how

Protection

to test and troubleshoot, and writing how-to

Dave points out.

guides regarding testing and commissioning.

That's where my passion for testing and troubleshooting was born, for sure."

and other SEL sites to provide

occasion,

unveiled

the

Troubleshooting

transformer

2.0

session!"

He and Karl went for a jog on the seawall in downtown Corpus Christi one time, and Karl asked, "So, how do you like your job?"

"Karl started working for SEL in 1991,"

Dave says he had considered applying for a

Dave continues. "He was the first field

job with SEL in 1993-94 when his utility

application engineer hired by SEL, and first

was

working

non-Pullman, Washington

question as "the beginning of a serious look

location. He was also our technical support.

at a change in my career." Dave presented

in

a

reorgamzmg,

but

recognizes

Karl's

As a customer, when I had a question or a

the first technical paper he ever wrote at the

problem I couldn't figure out regarding SEL

Texas A&M relay conference in spring 1996,

relays, I called Karl. I recall commissioning

and that was, as Karl puts it, his "interview

a new 345 kV protection scheme in the Rio

presentation." Dave joined SEL as a field

Grande Valley and struggling with a test. We

application engineer that August.

"Karl has always said, 'You'll be good at this job if you like to learn and like to teach.' I think that's what I like about working with

Karl's smile is never far from his face, even while listening to technical presentations at Power Test

Karl most," Dave says. "He's stayed true to this over the long haul of his career - always enjoying learning, becoming an expert, and solving problems. He's eager to collaborate, provide a sanity check, an opinion, or be a sounding board. ''And then, second, is that he loves sharing, teaching, documenting, writing, presenting," called Karl pretty late one afternoon, and he

"He

is

always

trying

to

break down complicated material in an understandable way, trying to identify things

Overreaching Transfer Trip scheme). Karl

that people struggle with and then teach,

was always someone you could count on to

preach, and improve."

our questions. Most of our contact was via phone or fax in those days, seeing each other at industry events, or at training for our

•

adds.

on (echo logic in the SEL-321 's Permissive

help, who was knowledgeable and answered

98

Dave

immediately helped identify what was going

Dave emphasizes that Karl also demonstrates a willingness to step up, volunteer for any task, and take on leadership roles. "I think

company at our offices."

this behavior is a good model for all of us,

Dave says he and Karl continued to develop

says. "He and I have written a lot of papers

a working relationship and friendship, "as

together,

SUMMER 2015

and especially young engineers now," Dave we've

developed

training

THE ZIMMERMAN THEOREM: SCIENCE + MUSIC + FAITH

=

class

HAPPINESS

travel, write, and do a lot of work together.

It certainly makes the many work trips more fun and enjoyable."

Karl brings to mind some of history's unique individuals who have sought not only to succeed on a personal level, but also to make the world a better place in the process. These individuals are truly Renaissance men in the sense that they pursue with zeal all the permutations of art, science, and creativity that are different expressions of the same innate curiosity and desire to understand the world around them through all the senses.

saying,

PSRC, the Texas A&M Relay Conference he's

demonstrated

that

and

a

more,

competitors

Albert

Einstein

"If I

physicist,

was I

not

would

probably be a musician.

can

I

collaborate, be gentlemen, and respectfully

live

my

daydreams

in music. I see my life

work together for the larger industry goals,

in terms of music... I

like improving reliability."

cannot tell if I would

1997, Karl and Dave collaborated to

have done any creative

create what is now called the 144 Relay

work of importance in

In

Conference. "Since then, it's become an

music, but I do know

annual event that we put on, and it draws

that I get most joy in

around 275 engineers and technicians to

life out of my violin."

Branson, Missouri every August," says Dave.

Karl is clearly cut from

"It's hands-on, not overly commercial, and

the same cloth.

a practical training event that SEL has since

Karl and his wife, Bridget,

duplicated in many ways, shapes, forms, and

recently

locations. It's become a template, if you will,

purchased

a

home in the Historic

for how we like to do customer technical

Soulard

support and training."

neighborhood

of St. Louis, Missouri.

Dave and Karl are also present in each other's

They

lives outside the professional sphere. "Karl's a

because it has a homey,

love

the

area

familiar feel to its red-brick townhomes,

good friend," Dave says. "W hen just about a

which house countless live music venues. A

month old, my daughter went out to her first

Karl and Bridget smilefor a selfie

person can wander in on any given night and

restaurant dinner, and Karl was there. I was

be treated to Irish, Blues, Jazz, or Bluegrass.

in Karl's wedding. We share a love of music,

Karl and Bridget, a veterinary assistant at

a good laugh, and ice-cold beer. Enjoying

an animal hospital, are currently training

each other's company is icing on the cake,

for their third half marathon. They are also

if you will, for a couple of engineers who

THE ZIMMERMAN THEOREM: SCIENCE + MUSIC + FAITH

a

mankind, and faith. Einstein is credited as

trips to the Middle East. Through IEEE NETA,

created

and

scientific discoveries with the arts, bettering

of trips together, including two memorable

committee,

Benjamin

Franklin,

unique alchemy by combining the pursuit of

material together, and we've been on a lot

planning

Men like Leonardo da Vinci,

=

HAPPINESS

NETAWORLD

•

99

NEWS dedicated to their local parish, Saint Catherine Laboure, where Karl plays guitar and Bridget plays drums at the noon Mass each Sunday, ministering

to

the

congregation's

youth

through music and fellowship. Karl and Bridget also play together in JT & Friends­ a James Taylor and Carole King tribute band - and Karl is a member of the 9th Street Surfers, a cover band. If you find yourself in the Soulard neighborhood, chances are you can find Karl either playing or listening to music in one of the local pubs.

Musician Henry Rollins is quoted as having said, "No such thing as spare time. No such thing as free time. No such thing as down time. All you got is life time. Go." To put words in Karl's mouth: "Challenge accepted."

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ANSI/NETA MTS- 2015 NEW EDITION!

ANSI/NETA MTS-2015

Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems Scope

It is the purpose of this specification to assure that tested electrical equipment and systems ore operational, ore within applicable standards and manufacturer's tolerances, and ore suitable for continued service. These specifications cover the suggested field tests and inspections that ore available to assess the suitability for continued service and reliability of electrical power distribution equipment and systems.

T he ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems, 2015 edition, was approved as on American Notional Standard on December 3, 2014

and supersedes the ANSI/NETA MTS-20 1 1. NETA recommends always referencing the most current edition of the ANSI/NETA standards whenever possible to assure that bid documents, specifications, and reports ore as accurate and complete as possible.

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To learn more and to order the ANSI/NETA MTS-2015 Visit www.netaworld.org/standards or call 888-300-6382

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ACTIVITY

ANSI/NETA STANDARDS UPDATE

STANDARD

FO R

CERTIFICATION

----J

ST� NDARD F 2 R AcCEPTANcE

oFmeTRICAL TESTIN G

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STANDARDS 2015�.

ANSI/NETA ECS-20 1 5 NEW A MERICAN NATIONAL STANDA RD The

ANSI/NETA ECS

equipment, mechanical instrumentation

T he

systems, and related components.

specifications

Standard for

Voltage classes addressed include: •

Equipment and Systems, 2015 edition, was approved as an American National Standard

•

on December 3, 2014. This new standard is available for purchase in the NETA Bookstore online at netaworld.org.

ANSI/NETA that

MTS

contains

cover

suggested

•

systematic process of documenting and placing into service newly installed or retrofitted electrical power equipment

ser vice and reliability of electrical

1,000 volts)

power equipment and systems. T he

Medium-Voltage Systems (greater than

purpose of these specifications is to

1,000 volts and less than 100,000 volts)

assure that tested electrical equipment

High-Voltage and Extra-High Voltage

and

recent edition of the ANSI/NETA

systems

are

operational

and

applicable

standards

and

Systems (greater than 100 kV and less

within

than 1,000 kV )

manufacturers' tolerances,

and that

the equipment and systems are suitable

References ASHRAE, ANSIINETA ATS, NECA, NFPA 70E, OSHA, GS4 Building Commissioning Guide

and systems. This document shall be used in conjunction with the most

to assess the suitability for continued

Low-Voltage Systems (less than

The ANSI/NETA ECS describes the

for

2013tm

field tests and inspections available

Electrical Commissioning rfElectrical Power

Standard

TES11NG SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

ANSI/NETA MTS-20 1 5 NEW EDITION

for continued ser vice.

Revisions include: •

New numbering system for more

•

Protective relays Instrument transformers

accurate referencing

Acceptance

Testing

The ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for

•

Electrical

Power

Maintenance

Testing Specifications for

•

Rotating machinery

Equipment and Systems. The individual

Electrical Power Equipment and Systems,

•

New Table 100.11

electrical components shall be subjected

2015 edition, was approved as an American

•

Revised Table 100.1

to factory and field tests, as required, to

National Standard on December 3, 2014,

•

Updated references to industry

validate the individual components. It

and supersedes the ANSI/NETA MTS -

Specifications

for

is not the intent of these specifications

2011. This new standard is available for

to provide comprehensive details on

purchase in the NETA Bookstore online

the

at netaworld.org.

104

commissioning

•

of

mechanical

SUMMER 2015

standards •

Many more revisions, all marked in the margins for ease of use

ANSI/NETA STANDARDS UPDATES

PARTICIPATION Comments and suggestions on any ofthe standards are always welcome and should be directed to the NETA office at neta@netaworld.org or888-300-6382. To learn more about the NETA standards review and revision process, to purchase these standards, or to get involved, please visit www. netaworld.org or call888-300-6382.

ANSI/NETA ETT-2015 NEW EDITION The ANSI/NETA ETT Standard for

Certification ifElectrical Testing Technicians, 2015 edition, was approved as an American National Standard on December 3, 2014, and will supersede the ANSI/NETA ETT-

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ANSI/NETA ATS-201 X REVISION IN P ROCESS The ANSI/NETA Standardfor Acceptance

Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems began the review and revision process in October 2014 at the Standards Review Council meeting. The ballot pool for this document is now dosed, but applications are always accepted for future revisions.

The ANSI/NETA ATS covers the suggested field tests and inspections that are available to assess the suitability for initial energization of electrical power equipment and systems.

The purpose of these specifications is to assure that tested electrical equipment

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POWERTEST 201 5 -

VIVA NASHVEGAS! A SMALL, BUT MIGHTY TOWN

PowerTest are the boots on the ground as well as

Nashville is a unique town - relatively small in stature,

messengers who take information, technology, and

but packs a punch when it comes to personality and

solutions gathered atPowerTest to their companies

energy. Though it be but small, it is mighty. Some

back home. It is this grassroots effort that has

may say the same ofNETA and ofPowerTest. While

helped NETA and PowerTest become the best

attendees don't number in the thousands (yet), those who continue to make the time in their busy work and personal lives to attend make a lasting impact on NETA as an association as well as the electrical power systems industry as a whole.

PowerTest attendance is on a steady upward trend, and this year proved no exception with another year of record-breaking numbers. Individuals attending

electrical maintenance and safety event out there.

SUNDAY W hile

the

Sunday

before

PowerTest is not officially part of the conference events, there is still a lot that takes place that day.

There is a NETA Member meeting that begins at noon, which allows NETA Accredited

Comp anies

the opportunity to conduct the

I I I

:e

business of the association before opening the doors later in the afternoon for the NETA Alliance Partners at 2:00 PM. NETA

Members

and

Alliance

Partners have the opportunity to share technical reports from the other industry associations and standards development organizations on which they volunteer and that have an impact on NETA, as well as anyone responsible for electrical power equipment and systems.

Committee

Chairs

and

staff report on NETA's many new and

emerging

programs,

such

as

NETA World Journal, the Alliance Program, the

trammg

ANSI/NETA

opportumtres, standards,

and

various outreach efforts taking place throughout the year.

The meeting is followed by the annual preconference event, which for the past few years has been a pub crawl. This year's Music City Pub Crawl was sponsored by Potomac Testing, which generously outfitted the gang with some cozy long­ sleeved logo shirts - and, of course, cowboy hats. Crawlers were led through some of Nashville's most historic establishments and treated to

history,

custom

drinks,

and

food while they listened to the best undiscovered talent on Music Row. The weather was a little chilly, but the company was warm and friendly as always.

MONDAY Monday morning brought slightly warmer temperatures along with a fabulous breakfast sponsored by Potomac Testing. After filling up on omelets and coffee, attendees sauntered

into

the

Welcoming

Address from Conference Chair Ron W idup. Ron reminded everyone to be safe, explained the week's order of events, and introduced Keynote Speaker Dr. Edmund Schweitzer.

Dr. Schweitzer kept the audience enthralled

with

his

presentation

about using technology to improve the safety of electric power systems.

Much of this goes unnoticed by the average person, who takes for granted that their coffee makers, computers, and hairdryers will work each day when they wake up, that the country's infrastructure continues to function as intended, and that they are safe when they go to sleep each night. Technology is power, and thankfully the world has someone like Dr. Schweitzer using that power for the good of this planet.

Following the opening sessions, attendees

broke

into

smaller

segments for a total of33 technical presentations

available

in

five

different tracks: electrical safety, reliability,

equipment,

electrical

commissioning, and relays. These tracks pack a lot of information into each

45-minute presentation,

in

addition to a four-hour symposium where attendees can participate in discussion led by a moderator and panel

of

subject

matter

experts.

This year, Lome Gara of Orbis Engineering

Field

Services,

Ltd.

took the helm of the Electrical Commissioning Symposium, which sought to better define electrical commissioning relative to electrical

acceptance

testing

commissioning

and

activities,

other as

well

as to provide more insight into the new

Standard for

ANSI/NETA

Electrical Commissioning ofElectrical Power Equipment and Systems. This standard made its debut at PowerTest 2015, and the commissioning track was very well attended for its first

I I I

:e

time out of the gate.

In the midst of this packed schedule, members and alliance partners find a little time to sit, relax, and enjoy a meal together during the NETA Member

Alliance Recognition Award recipient, Karl Zimmerman,

and Alliance Luncheon. This event

listens to Dr. Schweitzer s keynote address

features relevant technical roundtable discussions and

that

reported

are

on

summarized

during dessert.

This is also the venue that hosts the annual NETA Alliance Recognition Award

for

an

Alliance

Partner

who has demonstrated exceptional dedication to bettering the industry through service to NETA. This year, Karl Zimmerman from Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. was called to the stage and recognized for his many contributions.

Additionally, the NETA Outstanding Achievement Award is presented to a NETA Member who, despite daily responsibilities at a day job, manages to create time in his schedule to keep NETA moving forward as an organization.

These

contributions

can be technical or organizational, and are often both. Lome Gara, Obis Engineering Field Services, Ltd., was honored to accept this award for his role on the Board of Directors, his work on the Standards Review Counsel, and contributions to crafting the

newly

released

ANSI/NETA

Standardfor Electrical Commissioning Specifications, along with other gifts of

Lorne Gara, recipient ofthe 2015 Diane Hageman Outstanding

time and talent.

Achievement Award, speaks to attendees about the role ofelectrical commissioning versus electrical acceptance testing

Attendees reconvened in the mam ballroom for the New Product Forum before heading upstairs to the eight excellent Hospitality Suites, hosted by AVO Training Institute and Megger, ECP Solutions, ENOSERV, Group CBS,

Inc.,

PROTEC

Resources,

RESA

Shermco

Industries,

International,

Equipment

Power Solutions,

Inc.

and

Each

SMC

year suite

hosts up the ante with more creative ideas to entice attendees through their doors, and this year was no exception.

Ice cream, Twinkies, foam cowboy hats, and karaoke were just some of the fun accompaniments to the new and

renewed

business

connections

and friendships that make this night a favorite among attendees and hosts alike.

TUESDAY Tuesday dawned bright and early with another breakfast sponsored

by Potomac Testing, Inc. and flowed right

into

four

panel

sessions:

electrical safety, transformers, testing methodologies, and medium-voltage equipment.

Panelists

worked

in

tandem with attendees during these sessions, creating lively conversation to address real-world problems faced in the field and providing real-world solutions that can be taken home and

applied.

Rooms

were

filled

with people engaging in Q&A and learning from each other.

Lunch was provided at the PowerTest Trade Show, where attendees dined on gourmet sandwiches and desserts as the y traversed the carpeted aisles of the convention center. This may be the busiest four-and-a-half hours of the entire conference and where most

business

is

conducted for

attendees and vendors combined.

New

products

and

technologies

waited around every corner, along

with knowledgeable sales reps who were eager to help.

This year's show also featured the second annual Spotlight Stage, which is where presentations are given by NETA's Corporate

Alliance

Partners.

This

year's schedule included presentations

by AVO Training Institute, Circuit Breaker Sales Co., Inc., ComRent Load

I I I

:e

Bank Solutions, Doble Engineering Company, Electro Rent, lntellirent, Megger, and Weidmann. For more information on the Spotlight Stage presentations, please turn to page 118 in this issue of NETA WOrldjournal Each year, exhibitors raise the bar with their booths, and it is always a great time to meet new people and connect with old colleagues. One of the highlights of the Trade Show is a door prize raffie that takes place at the end of the show. This year's winners were not disappointed with the excellent offerings from exhibitors as well as from NETA, including a Microsoft Surface Pro 3 and $500 cash.

Attendees had

an

spiffed

the

up

for

hour to get PowerBash

Awards Reception and Dinner, and the turnout was impressive to say the least. One of Nashville's own local bands provided the musical backdrop

for

a

smorgasbord

of

food, drinks, and desserts. Over

400 people attended the event and were present to congratulate this year's recipients of the awards for Technical Presentations, Trade Show Exhibitors, and Hospitality Suites.

PowerBash marks the end of the first two whirlwind days of technical and social events, and the beginning of three more days of technical seminars. It's sort of the seventh­ inning stretch of PowerTest, the

pause

before

the

more

intense

educational innings to come.

WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, AND FRIDAY Wednesday and Thursday have always featured four-hour technical seminars that offer attendees a more thorough exploration of various subject matters.

One of the favorites this year was the innovative

"Relay

Troubleshooting

2.0;' presented by Ryan McDaniel of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories.

Attendees gained a hands-on experience applying and troubleshooting relays for transformers and distribution lines.

On Friday, Doble added one more day of learning with its Laboratory Seminar, presented by David Koehler and Lance Lewand, There were over 60 people in attendance on a day that saw many people traveling home in years past, so it seems this was an event in which people were eager to participate. NETA hopes to offer a Friday seminar opportunity again at PowerTest 2016.

POWERTEST 2016 Even with the siren songs of Music Row beckoning just outside the door, Power Test attendees, speakers, sponsors, and exhibitors showed up big time at the most successf ul PowerTest event to date. NETA would like to thank each and ever y one of you who contrib uted to this

success

speaking

up,

by

participating,

and

energizing

your f ut ure at PowerTest 2015.

Next year is already shaping up to be a heck of a con ference, as PowerTest heads to Fort Worth, Texas, on March 14-18, 2016.

It's sure to be a good time and that's no bull!

PowerBash attendees work together to build a wagon wheel ofPower Test 2016 bulls

CONFERENCE

Join us in Congratulating the 2015 Winners!

Each year the most outstanding technical presentations, trade show exhibits, and hospitality suites ore recognized with special awards presented during the PowerBosh reception on Tuesday evening.

Best Overall Technical Presentation

Best of Trade Show

12.5 Still Alive- T he Impact of an lniury?

Best in Show

What Are You Risking?

Doble Engineering Company

Gary Norland, Gary Norland Safety Presentations

Most Innovative

Best of Technical Presentations Electrical Commissioning

Understanding and Implementing the ANSI/NETA ECS-20 15 Lome Gara, Orbis Engineering Electrical Safety

12.5 Still Alive- T he Impact of an Injury?

What Are You Risking?

Gary Norland, Gary Norland Safety Presentations Relays

Basic Transformer Differential Protection

BCS Switchgear, Inc. Most Visited

Megger & AVO Training Institute, Inc.

Best of Hospitality Suites Most Hospitable

ENOSERV Most Technical

Megger & AVO Training Institute, Inc. Most Entertaining

SMC International

Jay Garnett, Doble Engineering Company

Most Creative

Reliability

Shermco Industries

Battery Discharge Testing: Implementing NERC Standards and Field Experiences

ECP Solutions, Inc.

Dinesh Chhajer & Robert Foster, Megger Equipment

Maintenance Testing of Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breakers in a Large Automotive Assembly Plant Mose Ramieh, W PGTI & Randall Sagan, MBUS/

Most Appetizing

NETA� ACCREDITED COMPANY

NEWS ELECTRICAL POWER INDUSTRY LEADERS GATHER TO SHARE IN TELLIGENCE AT POWERTEST 2015 NETA welcomed nine NETA Corporate Alliance

Alliance Annual Meeting held March 1, 2015,

Partners at PowerTest 2015, inviting them to share

as well as during the PowerTest Trade Show held

their best ideas, insights, and industry intelligence

March 3, 2015.

with NETA Accredited Company Representatives, Alliance Partners, and conference attendees.

The

Corporate

Alliance

Spotlight

Stage

presentations presented during the PowerTest

PowerTest 2015 provided each NETA Corporate

Trade Show are available for download on the

Alliance Partner a unique opportunity to share

Corporate Alliance Page at www.netaworld.org.

information and ideas during the Member and

Spotlight Stage presentation titles follow:

AVO Training Institute, Inc. ComRent International, LLC

Electrical Safety Training Today Technique-Based Commissioning Testing to Optimize vs. Oversize Mission Critical Facilities

Circuit Breaker Sales Co., Inc.

One Stop for your Electrical Needs - the CircuitBreakerStore.com

Doble Engineering Company

In-Service Partial Discharge Testing; the Right Tool at the Right T ime

Electro Rent

Test Equipment Problems and Solutions in the Field

lntellirent

Safe and Smart Cable Testing

Megger

SPI 225: Smart Primary Injection Test System

WEIDMANN- Electrical Technology

Smart Insulation, the Software Side- Getting to Optimum Transformer Performance

Corporate Alliance Partners Doble, Megger, OMICRON, and Weidmann Electrical Technology also showcased new technologies and services during the PowerTest Trade Show, New Product Forum.

In 2015, NETA invited nine companies to participate as Corporate Alliance Partners, each of them leaders in their respective fields. These companies have demonstrated commitment to improving safety, reliability, and quality in the electrical power systems industry. They are forthcoming in sharing information about research and development, emerging services, and new educational opportunities.

These corporate partners supportNETA Accredited Companies in many ways, but possess distinctly different characteristics than the attributes that comprise NETA accreditation. NETA Accredited Companies undergo an extensive credentialing process which seeks to confirm their status as an independent, third­ party testing firm. Additionally, individuals who attainNETA Certified Electrical Testing Technician status must be employed by aNETA Accredited Company and are required to meet prerequisites for experience and training before attempting the NETA certification exams.

118 • SUMMER 2015

ELECTRICAL POWER INDUSTRY LEADERS GATHER TO SHARE INTELLIGENCE AT POWERTEST 20 15

DOBLE ENGI NEERING COMPANY NEW PRODUCT FORUM:

OMICRON NEW PRODUCT FORUM: VOTANO 100- Accurate and Mobile Testing

M7100, the next generation high-voltage asset

ofVoltage Transformers

analyzer

VOTANO 100 can test all of the important

Doble E ngineering Company will introduce

parameters of voltage transformers (VTs) quickly.

the M7100, the next generation high-voltage

It is the first portable test system to also offer high

asset analyzer. The M71 00 consolidates 6

accuracy. The measured results are automatically

pieces of test equipment into 1 single solution

assessed in accordance with IEEE C57.13, ANSI

and is built for the safety and efficiency of

C93.1 and IEC standards.

the field tester. W ith an intuitive design and dual high-voltage leads, the M7100 greatly reduces

the

number

of

lead

movements

required for testing. In some cases, technicians will

only

need

to

make a

third

of

the

ladder trips previously required for testing.

This increases safety and dramatically reduces testing time.

M A Subsidiary of Megger ®

Key benefits:

Very high accuracy allows field calibration of VTs up to the 0.1 and 0.15 accuracy classes

CamRent·l

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Excellent mobility through compact size and low weight ( < 33 lbs I 15 kg) Automatic result assessment as per IEEE, ANSI, and IEC standards directly after the test

MEGGER NEW PRODUCT FORUM: TDS NT : Very Low Frequency and Partial Discharge Testing Solution

Megger's revolutionary new TDS NT is a unique, all-in-one cable testing and diagnosis system. It offers two well-proven wave forms: Very-low-frequency cosine rectangular (V LF CR)

for withstand testing and damped-ac

voltage

(DAC)

for

nondestructive

partial

discharge diagnosis. These can be used to test cables to international standards such as the IEEE 400.3 and IEC 60502-2. The TDS can also be used for de tests and sheath tests to the IEC 60229 standard. W hen paired with a step­ voltage sensor, it can even be used for precise pinpointing of sheath faults.

Short testing time compared to conventional methods ( < 20 min)

�� Electro Rent � NORTH AMERICA

WEIDM ANN ELECTRIC AL

Part of Electra Rent Corporation

TECHNOLOGY NEW PRODUCT FORUM: Insulogix• Monitoring Products

WEIDMANN lnsulogix• Monitoring Products provide economical and

simple monitoring

solutions to help manage your transformer Beet operation. Our design approach is to make our devices easy to install, operate, and maintain. We provide simple tools and directions along with comprehensive training and education about normal and faulty transformer operation. The

Megger�

newest monitor in our Beet is the lnsuLogix Q• system integrator. All lnsuLogix• monitors can be

On behalf of all the NETA Accredited Companies, we thank the NETA Corporate Alliance Partners for their commitment to NETA and for joining in the important work of educating and advancing the electrical power

integrated into one system via the Q In addition, our newest software is included with the Q Called eNamePlate'", it takes a transformer's static

OMIORON

nameplate data and automates it, allowing for dynamic simulations of loading affects and loss of life calculations. Other monitors in our Beet include lnsuLogix• T, lnsuLogix• B, lnsuLogix• H, and lnsuLogix• HM.

WEIDMANN

industry. We look forward to an exciting and inspiring year to come!

ELECTRICAL POWER INDUSTRY LEADERS GATHER TO SHARE INTELLIGENCE AT POWERTEST 20 15

NETAWORLD

•

1 19

WHAT IS YOUR BIGGEST TRAINING CHALLENGE? AND WHAT ARE YOU DOING ABOUT IT?

I I I

:e

BY RON WIDUP, Shermco Industries

At PowerTest on Monday March 2, 2015, at the NETA Member and Alliance luncheon we asked the questions, "What is your biggest training challenge;' and, "What are you doing about it?"

"Finding the time to schedule our workforce off the job and place them in to training activities."

It was a unique opportunity for us to capture

own time was also a prevailing thread among

about 200 electrical power system testing and

the responses. Several suggestions were made to

maintenance people in one setting to ask for their

inspire technicians to go the extra mile, such as

opinions and feedback.

having work-sponsored pizza study parties after

Here are few of the highl ights from the impromptu event: "Finding the time to schedule our workforce off the job and place them in to training activities."

This was the most common phrase throughout the luncheon, which formed the theme for many of the answers that focused on this topic. Another typical response for a solution to this familiar obstacle is to have "training on demand "; that is, having resources available at a moment's notice when you do get those rare instances of down time intersecting with opportunities for training.

How about, "When we are making money we don't have the time; when we have the time we don't have the money:' Another comment was, "Geographic constraints come into play - it is very expensive to send our technicians offthe job and out for training."

Again, these are issues that can be overcome through the availability of training resources on demand.

Motivating the technician to study on their

hours or providing training through webinars and other e-learning platforms. "We found that providing after-hours training resources shows us who, within the company, is likely to advance more quickly. It's a great barometer for us."

Keeping up with technology, having subject matter experts in-house, documenting training events, documenting knowledge

and

skills

acquired

during training, and understanding the younger technician's training style and needs were all challenges identified during the luncheon. It was a lively and informative discussion, and another great way to learn from each other at PowerTest.

As a final note - if I ever get hurt or require medical attention at a NETA event, please call Terry Becker... because based on his handwriting in the summary notes, he HAS to be a doctor.

Thanks to all who participated in the survey for providing notes and feedback to us - and especially you, Terry! See everyone next year at PowerTest 2016 in Fort Worth, Texas!

A SPECIAL THANKS TO *

0011 SPONSORS * We would like to acknowledge and thank our sponsors for helping make PowerTest 2015 possible.

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A special thanks to our PowerTest 2015 Hospitality Suite Sponsors:

* * * *

Shermco Industries Megger/ AVO Training Institute, Inc. Group CBS, Inc. Protec Equipment Resources

* SMC International * ENOSERV * ECP Solutions * RESA Power Solutions

Hosted by

NETA®

888.300.6382 (NETA) www.powertest.org

NEW! ANSI/NETA ECS- 2015 .

.

STANDARD FOR

ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL

POWER

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

2015 NETA. STANDARDS

f:0nlbWE:V11 'v'V1D 2A21EW2 �(IS

ORDER NOW!

E"EC 11:1/ V"

C>ME

To learn more about NETA's newest standard, the ANSI/NETA ECS Standard for Electrical Commissioning Specifications, visit netaworld.or g/standards.

NEW! ANSI/NETA ECS- 2015 ANSI/NETA ECS- 2015 Standard for Electrical Commissioning Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems

Scope It is the purpose of this specification to assure that tested electrical equipment and systems ore operational, ore within applicable standards and manufacturer's tolerances, and ore installed in accordance with design specifications.

T hree voltage classes of equipment ore detailed within the ANSI/NETA ECS •

Low-Voltage Systems (less than 1,000 volts)

•

Medium-Voltage Systems (greater than 1,000 volts and less than 100,000 volts)

•

High-Voltage and Extra-High Voltage Systems (greater than 100 kV and less than 1,000 kV)

References ASHRAE, ANSI/NE TA ATS, NECA, NFPA 70E, OSHA, GSA Building Commissioning Guide

BRIDGING THE GAP FROM ACCEPTANCE TESTING TO COMMISSIONING Acceptance Testing The systematic process of performing field tests and inspections that ore available to assess the suitability for initial energization and final acceptance of electrical power equipment and systems to ensure

Electrical Commissioning The systematic process of documenting and placing into service newly-installed or retrofitted electrical power equipment and systems.

"It is this need and requirement to bridge the gap between acceptance testing and electrical commissioning that completes the electrical system overall acceptance process. Again, from individual component testing to assurance that all integral components are functioning as a complete unit within design requirements and manufacturer's published data; along with the correct operation of all interlock safety devices for fail-safe functions; and the correct operation of all sensing devices, alarms, and indicating devices."

Ron Widup, "Bridging the Gop from Acceptance Testing to Commissioning" NETA World Journal, Spring 2015, page 96

To learn more and order the ANSI/NETA ECS-20 15 Visit www.netaworld.org/standards or call 888-300-6382

TECH QUIZ ANSWERS

---

No. 110

---

ANSWERS ANSWERS 1. Take your pick (except for answer d). It seems what is

3.

MT S Table 100.13). New SF6 gas should have no more

even how you interpret a given standard). IEEE gives> 1,000

than 71 PPMv ( parts per million by volume) moisture or

V to 35,000 V in one standard, then> 1,000 V to 100,000 V

about 8.76 PPMw ( parts per million by weight). PPMw

in another. NETA uses> 1,000 V to 100,000 V, while ANSI

PPMv /8.1. ( Reference IEEE Guidefor Moisture Measurement and Control in SF6 Gas-Insulated Equipment

C84 gives 2,400 V to 69,000 V. So what's the right answer­

=

well the NETA Standards of course! (answer c).

2.

-IEEE Standard 1125). E ach manufacturer sets the allowable moisture limits for their equipment, which can

a. Secondary Class. For low-voltage systems. These provide some

vary considerably.

protection to homes and businesses from lightning strikes. b. Distribution Class. Lowest cost and least durable of power equipment surge protection devices. Otten found on transformers rated 1,000 kVA or less. Not available for equipment rated higher than 1,000 kVA.

d. In-service SF6 gas should have no more than 200 ppm moisture using a hygrometer ( reference ANSI/NETA

medium-voltage depends on which standard you read (and

4.

b. Functional operation. This test is used to verify that the protection elements of the relay are correctly set and working as intended.

c. Intermediate Class. Designed primarily for medium­

voltage applications ( see question 1, above, to be confused).

Application includes utility substations, transformers, and other equipment that merits better than distribution­

class protection d. Station Class. Most expensive and durable surge arresters

( and physically largest). Used for high-voltage substations

and transformers. Also used on medium-voltage equipment, that due to application or importance/cost, require the highest level of protection.

Lightning or surge arresters typically divert the lightning strike or overvoltage-to-ground to prevent the equipment from being damaged.

NFPA Disclaimer: Although jim White is a member ofthe NFPA Technical Committee for both NFPA 70E "Standard for Electrical Saftty in the Workpl4ce" and NFPA lOB "Recommended Practicefor Electrical Equipment Maintenance, "the views and opinions expressed in this message are purely the authors and shall not be considered an official position ofthe NFPA or any ofits technical committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a formal interpretation or promotion ofthe NFPA. Readers are encouraged to refer to the entire text ofall referenced documents.

124

•

SUMMER 2015

TECH QUIZ

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Nesconset, NY 11767

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A&F Electrical Testing, Inc.

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American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

Burlington Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

SO Broad St. 5th Floor

4390 Parliament Place, Ste. S

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New York, NY 10004

Lanham, MD 20706

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afelectricaltesting@afelectricaltesting.com

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Fax: (21S) S26-0964

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Frank Ceci

Florence Chilton

www. 99aetco.com

waltc@betest.com

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www.betest.com

ABM Electrical Power Solutions

Walter P. Cleary

ABM Electrical Power Solutions

3600 Woodpark Blvd., Suite G

3602 East Southern Ave., Ste. I

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Phoenix, AZ SS040

(704) 273-62S7 Fax: (704) S9S-9Sl2

Indianapolis, IN 462S4

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(602) 722-2423

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(317) 4S7-2111 Fax: (7Sl) S21-0771

Macclenny, FL 32063

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. C.E. Testing, Inc.

www.ABMcom

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scanale@aetco.us

(904) 653-1900 Fax: (904) 653-1911

Doug Bukowski

Ernest Goins

www.99aetco.com

cetesting@aol.com

Stephen Canale

Mark Chapman

ABM Electrical Power Solutions

ABM Electrical Power Solutions CE Power Solutions, LLC

9SOO E. Geddes Avenue, Unit A-ISO

720 S. Rochester Ave., Suite A

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

Englewood, CO S0112

Ontario, CA 91761

Green Hills Commerce Center

4040 Rev Dr.

(303) S24-6560 Fax: (303) S24-6SSI

(SOO) S97-122S Fax: (909) 937-679S

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Brian Smith

Mike Bivens

(21S) 219-6SOO

info@cepowersol.net

jmunley@aetco.us

www.cepowersol.com

ABM Electrical Power Solutions

Absolute Testing Services

www.99aetco.com

Rhonda Harris

2142 Rheem Drive

6S29 Guhn Rd.

Jonathan Munley

Pleasanton, CA 945SS

Houston, TX 77040

(40S) 466-6920

(S32) 467-4446 Fax: (713) S49-3SS5

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

7674 Washington Ave. South

www.ABM.com

rgamble@absolutetesting.com

12S66 W. Indianola Ave.

Eden Prairie, MN SS344

John Marvulli

www.texasats.com

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Richard Gamble

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Accessible Consulting Engineers, Inc.

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Jason Thompson

San Diego, CA 92123

1269 Pomona Rd., Ste. Ill

Donald Madaglia

(SSS) 7S4-7963

Corona, CA 92SS2

www.ABMcom

(9Sl) SOS-1040

AMP Quality Energy Services, LLC

3S3 Pilot Rd: Ste. B

Ben Thomas

info@acetesting.com

4220 West Schrimsher SW Site W I

Las Vegas, NV S9119

www.acetesting.com

P.O. Box 526, Huntsville, A L 35S04

(702) 44S-7833 Fax: (702) 44S-7835

!raj Nasrolahi

(2S6) S13-S2SS

www.controlpowerconcepts.com

Brian Rodgers

John Travis

Dude Electrical Testing LLC

ABM Electrical Power Solutions 35S5 Corporate Court

ABM Electrical Power Solutions 62SO South Valley V iew Blvd., Ste. 6!S Las Vegas, NV S911S

Advanced Testing Systems

CE Power Solutions of Minnesota, LLC

Control Power Concepts

(602) 300-21SS Fax: (602) 437-3S94

IS Trowbridge Dr.

Apparatus Testing and Engineering

www.ABMcom

Bethel, CT 06SOI

11300 Sanders Dr., Ste. 29

145 Tower Dr., Unit# 9

Jason Black

(203) 743-2001 Fax: (203) 743-232S

Rancho Cordova, CA 9S742

Burr Ridge, IL 60S27

pmaccarthy@advtest.com

(916) SS3-62SO Fax: (916) SS3-62SS

(SIS) 293-33SS Fax: (SIS) 293-33S6

ABM Electrical Power Solutions

www.advtest.com

info@apparatustesting.com

scott.dude@dudetesting.com

Sl4 Greenbrier Circle, Ste. E

Pat MacCarthy

www.apparatustesting.com

www.dudetesting.com

Harold (Jerry) Carr

Scott Dude

Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) S4S-S690 Fax: (757) S4S-S417

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

www.ABM.com

4SO Neponset St., Building 6

Apparatus Testing and Engineering

DYMAX Service, LLC

Mark Anthony Gaughan, III

Canton, MA 02021-1970

70S3 Commerce Circle, Ste. H

469!S Liberty Dr.

(7Sl) S21-0121 Fax: (7Sl) S21-0771

Pleasanton, CA 94SSS

Wixom, MI 4S393

ABM Electrical Power Solutions

sblizard@aetco.us

(92S) 4S4-1363 Fax: (92S) 4S4-1499

(24S) 313-6S6S Fax: (24S) 313-6S69

3700 Commerce Dr. #901-903

www. 99aetco.com

info@apparatustesting.com

www.dymaxservice.com

Baltimore, MD 21227

Scott A. Blizard

www.apparatustesting.com

Bruce Robinson

(410) 247-3300 Fax: (410) 247-0900

Harold (Jerry) Carr

www.ABMcom

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

Bill Hartman

34 Clover Dr.

DYMAX Service, LLC Applied Engineering Concepts

4213 Kropf Ave. Canton, OH 44706

South Windsor, CT 06074

1105 N. Allen Ave.

ABM Electrical Power Solutions

(S60) 64S-1013 Fax: (7Sl) S21-0771

Pasadena, CA 91104

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126

•

SUMMER 2015

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES seuingthestandard Eastern High Voltage

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

Electrical Energy Experts, Inc.

Electrical Reliability Services

IIA South Gold Dr.

827 Union St.,

W l29Nl08!8, Washington Dr.

348 N.W. Capital Dr.

Robbinsville, NJ 08691-1606

Salem, VA 24153

Germantown, WI 53022

Lee's Summit, MO 64086

(609) 890-8300 Fax: (609) 588-8090

(540) 375-0084 Fax: (540) 375-0094

(262) 255-5222 Fax: (262) 242-2360

(816) 525-7156 Fax: (816) 524-3274

joewilson@easternhighvoltage.com

www.epsii.com

bill@electricalenergyexperts.com

www.electricalreliability.com

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

W illiam Styer

www.easternhighvoltage.com Joseph W ilson

www.electricalenergyexperts.com 915 Holt Ave., Unit 9

Electrical Reliability Services 6900 Koll Center Parkway, Ste. 415

ELECT, P.C.

Manchester, NH 03109

Electrical Equipment Upgrading, Inc.

7400-G Siemens Rd., P.O. Box 2080

(603) 657-7371 Fax: 603-657-7370

21 Telfair Place, Savannah, GA 31415

(925) 485-3400 Fax: (925) 485-3436

Wendell, NC 27591

www.epsii.com

(912) 232-7402 Fax: (912) 233-4355

www.electricalreliability.com

btyndall@elect-pc.com

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

www.eeu-inc.com

Electrical Reliability Services

www.elect-pc.com

146 Space Park Dr.

Kevin Miller

10606 Bloomfield Ave.

Barry W. Tyndall

Nashville, T N 37211

Pleasanton, CA 94566

kmiller@eeu-inc.com

(919) 365-9775 Fax: (919) 365-9789

Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670

(615) 834-0999 Fax: (615) 834-0129

Electrical Maintenance & Testing Inc.

(562) 236-95 55 Fax: (562) 777-8914

www.epsii.com

12342 Hancock St., Carmel, IN 46032

www.electricalreliability.com

Maryland Heights, MO 63043

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

info@emtesting.com

Electrical Reliability Services

(314) 890-9999 Fax: (314) 890-9998

8515 Cella Alameda NE, Ste. A

www.emtesting.com

3434 Emerson Parkway, Ste. A

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Albuquerque, NM 87113

Brian K. Borst

Gonzales, LA 70737

Electrical Reliability Services

www.electricalreliability.com

Electric Power Systems, Inc. 21 Millpark Ct.

(317) 853-6795 Fax: (317) 853-6799

(505) 792-7761

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

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(225) 755-0530 Fax: (225) 751-5055 1057 Doniphan Park Circle, Ste. A

557 E. Juanita Ave., #4 Mesa, AZ 85204

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

El Paso, TX79922

Electrical Reliability Services

(480) 633-1490 Fax: (480) 633-7092

7140 Dean Martin Drive, Suite 900

(915) 587-9440 Fax: (915) 587-9010

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www.electricalreliability.com

Sulphur, LA 70665

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Electrical Reliability Services

www.electricalreliability.com

Orlando, FL 32808

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

Tempe, AZ 85281

Electrical Reliability Services

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319 US Hwy. 70 E, Unit E

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Garner, NC 27529

www.electricalreliability.com

Ft. Myers, FL 33966

Electrical Reliability Services

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Electric Power Systems, Inc.

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7000 E. 47th Avenue Drive, Suite I00 Denver, CO 80216

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

Houston, TX77571

Electrical Reliability Services

(720) 857-7273 Fax: 303-928-8020

I090 Montour West Industrial Blvd.

(281) 241-2800 Fax: (281) 241-2801

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Coraopolis, PA lSI08

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Electric Power Systems, Inc.

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23823 Andrew Rd.

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Electrical Reliability Services

www.electricalreliability.com

4099 SE International Way, Ste. 201

Plainfield, IL 60585

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

Milwaukie, OR 97222-8853

Electrical Reliability Services

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6141 Connecticut Ave.

(503) 653-6781 Fax: (503) 659-9733

3412 South 1400 West, Unit A

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Kansas City, MO 64120

www.electricalreliability.com

West Valley City, UT 84119

www.epsii.com

Electrical Reliability Services

www.electricalreliability.com

Hinckley, OH 44233

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

Carlsbad, CA 92010

Electrical Reliability Services

(330) 460-3706 Fax: (330) 460-3708

2495 Boulevard of the Generals

(858) 695-9551

6351 Hinson St., Ste. B

www.epsii.com

Norristown, PA 19403

www.electricalreliability.com

Las Vegas, NV 89118

Electrical Reliability Services

www.electricalreliability.com

(816) 241-9990 Fax: (816) 241-9992

Electric Power Systems, Inc. 2601 Center Rd.,# 101

(801) 975-6461 5909 Sea Lion Place, Ste. C

(610) 630-0286

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

www.epsii.com

(702) 597-0020 Fax: (702) 597-0095 8500 Washington Pl. NE, Ste. A-6

56 Bibber Pkwy #I Brunswick, ME 040II

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

Albuquerque, NM 87113

Electrical Reliability Services

(207) 837-6527

1129 East Hwy. 30

(505) 822-0237 Fax: (505) 822-0217

9636 St. V incent, Unit A

www.epsii.com

Gonzalez, LA 70817

www.electricalreliability.com

Shreveport, LA 71106

Electrical Reliability Services

www.electricalreliability.com

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Electric Power Systems, Inc.

www.epsii.com

4100 Greenbriar Dr., Ste. 160

(318) 869-4244 1380 Greg Street, Ste. 217

Stafford, T X77477

Electric Power Systems, Inc.

Sparks, NV 89431

Electrical Reliability Services

(713) 644-5400

7925 Dun brook Rd., Ste. G

(775) 746-8484 Fax: (775) 356-5488

610 Executive Campus Dr.

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San Diego, CA 92126

www.electricalreliability.com

Westerville, OH 43082

www.epsii.com

Electrical Reliability Services

info@electricalreliability.com

2275 Northwest Pkwy SE, Ste. 180

www.electricalreliability.com

Electrical & Electronic Controls

Marietta, GA 30067

(877) 468-6384 Fax: (614) 410-8420

(858) 566-6317

Electric Power Systems, Inc. 11861 Longsdorf St. Riverview, MI 48193 (734) 282-3311

6149 Hunter Rd.

(770) 541-6600 Fax: (770) 541-6501

Electrical Testing, Inc.

www.epsii.com

Ooltewah, TN 37363

www.electricalreliability.com

2671 Cedartown Hwy. Rome, GA 30161-6791

(423) 344-7666 (23)

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

Fax: (423) 344-4494

Electrical Reliability Services

(706) 234-7623 Fax: (706) 236-9028

eecontrols@comcast.net

7100 Broadway, Ste. 7E

steve@electricaltestinginc.com

Michael Hughes

Denver, CO 80221-2915

www.electricaltestinginc.com

(303) 427-8809 Fax: (303) 427-4080

www.electricalreliability.com

NETAWORLD

•

127

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES settingthestandard Electrical Testing Solutions

Hampton Tedder Technical Services

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

Longo Electrical-Mechanical, Inc.

2909 Green Hill Ct.

3747 West Roanoke Ave.

930S Gerwig Ln., Ste. B

One Harry Shupe Blvd., Box Sll

Oshkosh, WI S4904

Phoenix , AZ 8S009

Columbia, MD 21046

W harton, NJ 0788S

(920) 420-2986 Fax: (920) 23S-7136

(480) 967-776S Fax: (480) 967-7762

(410) 309-S970 Fax: (410) 309-0220

(973) S37-0400 Fax: (937) S37-0404

tmachado@electricaltestingsolutions.com

www.hamptontedder.com

www.hvmcorp.com

jmlongo@elongo.com

Harford Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

ll08 Clayton Rd.

24371 Catherine Industrial Dr,

Elemco Services, Inc.

Joppa, MD 2108S

Ste. 207

Longo Electrical-Mechanical, Inc.

228 Merrick Rd. ,

(410) 679-4477 Fax: (410) 679-0800

Novi, MI 4837S

162S Pennsylvania Ave.

www.electricaltestingsolutions.com T iro Machado

www.elongo.com Joe Longo

Lynbrook, NY IIS63

testing@harfordtesting.com

(248) 30S-SS96 Fax: (248) 30S-SS79

Linden, NJ 07036

( 631) S89-6343 Fax: (631) S89-6670

www.harfordtesting.com

www.hvmcorp.com

(908) 92S-2900 Fax: (908) 92S-9427

courtney@elemco.com

Vincent Biondino

jmlongo@elongo.com

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

www.elongo.com

High Energy Electrical Testing, Inc.

SIOO Energy Dr.

Joe Longo

SIS S. Ocean Ave.

Dayton, OH 4S414

EnerG Test

Seaside Park, NJ 087S2

(937) 278-08ll Fax: (937) 278-7791

Longo Electrical-Mechanical, Inc.

204 Gale Lane

(732) 938-227S Fax: (732) 938-2277

www.hvmcorp.com

1400 F Adams Rd.

www.elemco.com Courtney O'Brien

Bldg. 2 - 2 nd Floor

hinrg@comcast.net

Kennett Square, PA 19348

www.highenergyelectric.com

High Voltage Service, LLC

(21S) 638-1333 Fax: (21S) 638-1366

(484) 731-0200 Fax: (484) 713-0209

Charles Blanchard

47Sl Mustang Circle

jmlongo@elongo.com

St. Paul, MN SS112

www.elongo.com Joe Longo

kbleiler@energtest.com

Bensalem, PA 19020

www.energtest.com

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

(763) 784-4040 Fax: (763) 784-S397

Katie Bleiler

24 Walpole Park South Dr.

www.hvserviceinc.com

Walpole, MA 02081

Mike Mavetz

Energis High Voltage Resources, Inc.

(S08) 668-920S

1361 Glory Rd.

www.hvmcorp.com

Green Bay, WI S4304

M&L Power Systems, Inc. 109 W hite Oak Ln., Ste. 82

HMT, Inc.

Old Bridge, NJ 088S7

6268 Route 31

(732) 679-1800 Fax: (732) 679-9326

(920) 632-7929 Fax: (920) 632-7928

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

Cicero, NY 13039

milind@mlpower.com

info@energisinc.com

941 Busse Rd.

(31S) 699-SS63 Fax: (31S) 699-S9ll

www.mlpower.com

www.energisinc.com

Elk Grove Village, Il60007

jpertgen@hmt- electric.com

Milind Eagle

Mick Petzold

(847) 640-000S

www.hmt-electric.com

www.hvmcorp.com

John Pertgen

EPS Technology

Magna IV Engineering 1103 Parsons Rd. SW

29 N. Plains Hwy., Ste. 12

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

Industrial Electric Testing, Inc.

Wallingford, CT 06492

7200 Industrial Park Blvd.

11321 West Distribution Ave.

Canada

(203) 679-014S

Mentor, OH 44060

Jacksonville, FL 322S6

(780) 462-3111 Fax: (780) 4S0-2994

www.eps-technology.com

(440) 9Sl-2706 Fax: (440) 9Sl-6798

(904) 260-8378 Fax: (904) 260-0737

info@magnaiv.com

www.hvmcorp.com

gbenzenberg@bellsouth.net

www.magnaiv.com

www.industrialelectrictesting.com

Virgina Balitski

Grounded Technologies, Inc. IOSOS S. Progress Way, Ste. IOS

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

Edmonton, AB T6X OX2

Gary Benzenberg

Magna IV Engineering

Parker, CO 80134

3000 S. Calhoun Rd.

P-(303) 781-2S60

New Berlin, WI S31Sl

Industrial Electric Testing, Inc.

F- (303) 781-S240

(262) 784-3660 Fax: (262) 784-Sl24

201 NW 1 st Ave.

Calgary, AB T2 H IM6

jodymedina@groundedtech.com

www.hvmcorp.com

Hallandale, FL 33009-4029

Canada

(9S4) 4S6-7020

(403) 723-0S7S Fax: (403) 723-0S80

www.groundedtech.com Jody Medina

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

www.industrialelectrictesting.com

200, 688 Heritage Dr.

info.calgary@magnaiv.com Dave Emerson

8320 Brookville Rd. #E

Grubb Engineering, Inc.

Indianapolis, IN 46239

Industrial Electronics Group

3128 Sidney Brooks

(317) 322-20SS Fax: (317) 322-20S6

8S0369 Highway 17 South

Magna IV Engineering

San Antonio, Tx 7823S

www.hvmcorp.com

P.O. Box 1870

8219 D Fraser Ave.

Yulee, FL 32041

Fort McMurray, AB T9 H O A2

joy@grubbengineering.com

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

(904) 22S-9S29 Fax: (904) 22S-0834

Canada

www.grubbengineering.com

12SO Broadway, Ste. 2300

butch@industrialgroups.com

(780) 791-3122 Fax: (780) 791-31S9

Robert D. Grubb Jr.

New York, NY 1000I

www.industrialgroups.com

info.fmcmurray@magnaiv.com

(718) 239-03S9

Butch E. Teal

Ryan Morgan

(210) 6S8-72SO Fax: (210) 6S8-980S

Hampton Tedder Technical Services

www.hvmcorp.com

4S71 State St.

Industrial Tests, Inc.

Magna IV Engineering

4021 Alvis Ct., Ste. I

96 Inverness Dr. East, Unit R

Montclair, CA 91763

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

(909) 628-12S6 x214

3SS Vista Park Dr.

Rocklin, CA 9S677

Englewood, CO 80112

Fax: (909) 628-637S

Pittsburgh, PA IS20S-1206

(916) 296-1200 Fax: (916) 632-0300

(303) 799-1273 Fax: (303) 790-4816

matt.tedder@hamptontedder.com

(412) 747-0SSO Fax: (412) 747-0SS4

greg@indtest.com

info.denver@magnaiv.com

www.hamptontedder.com

www.hvmcorp.com

www.industrialtests.com

Aric Proskurniak

Matt Tedder

Greg Poole

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

Magna IV Engineering

Hampton Tedder Technical Services

ISO North Plains Industrial Rd.

Infra-Red Building and Power Service

Avenida del Condor #S90

4920 Alto Ave.

Wallingford, CT 06492

IS2 Centre St.

Oficina601

Las Vegas, NV8911S

(203) 949-26SO Fax: (203) 949-2646

Holbrook, MA 02343-1011

Huechuraba, Santiago 8S80676

(702) 4S2-9200 Fax: (702) 4S3-S412

www.hvmcorp.com

(781) 767-0888 Fax: (781) 767-3462

Chile

www.hamptontedder.com

tom.mcdonald@infraredbps.com

+(56) 9-9-Sl7-4642

Roger Cates

www.infraredbps.com

info.chile@magnaiv.com

Thomas McDonald Sr.

Cristian Fuentes

128

•

SUMMER 2015

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES seuingthestandard Magna IV Engineering

Pacific Powertech, Inc.

Power Services, LLC

POWER Testing and Energization, Inc.

1040 W innipeg St.

#110, 2071 Kingsway Ave.

998 Dimeo Way, P.O. Box 750066

22035 70th Ave. South Kent, WA 98032

Regina , SK S4R 8P8

Port Coquitlam, BC V3C 6N2

Centerville, OH 45475

Canada

Canada

(937) 439-9660 Fax: (937) 439-9611

(253) 872-7747

(306) 585-2100 Fax: (306) 585-2191

(604) 944-6697 Fax: (604) 944-1271

mkbeucler@aol.com

www.powerte.com

info.regina@magnaiv.com

jkonkin@pacificpowertech.ca

Mark Beucler

Andrew Westerman

www.pacificpowertech.ca Josh Konkin

Magna IV Engineering

Powertech Services, Inc. Power Solutions Group, Ltd.

4095 South Dye Rd.

425 W. Kerr Rd.

Swartz Creek, MI 48473-1570

106, 4268 Lozells Ave.

Phasor Engineering

Tipp City, OH 45371

(810) 720-2280 Fax: (810) 720-2283

Burnaby, BC VSA OC6 Canada

Sabaneta Industrial Park #216

(937) 506-8444 Fax: (937) 506-8434

kirkd@powertechservices.com

(604) 421-8020

Mercedita, PR 00715

bwilloughby@powersolurionsgroup.com

www.powertechservices.com

W illiam Kulsky

Puerto Rico

www.powersolutionsgroup.com

Kirk Dyszlewski

(787) 844-9366 Fax: (787) 841-6385

Barry W illoughby

Magna IV Engineering

rcastro@phasorinc.com

1005 Spinney Dr.

Rafael Castro

Dawson Creek, BC VlG lKl

Precision Testing Group Power Solutions Group, Ltd.

5475 Highway 86, Unit 1

135 Old School House Rd.

Elizabeth, CO 80107

Canada

Potomac Testing, Inc.

Piedmont, SC 29673

(303) 621-2776 Fax: (303) 621-2573

(780) 462-3111 Fax: (780) 462-9799

1610 Professional Blvd., Ste. A

(864) 845-1084 Fax:: (864) 845-1085

glenn@precisiontestinggroup.com

info@magnaiv.com

Crofton, MD 21114

fcrawford@powersolutionsgroup.com

Glenn Stuckey

David Limb

(301) 352-1930 Fax: (301) 352-1936

www.powersolutionsgroup.com

kbassett@potomactesting.com

Anthony Crawford

National Field Services

www.potomactesting.com

649 Franklin St.

Ken Bassett

Lewisville, TX 75057

PRIT Service, Inc. 112 Industrial Dr., P.O. Box 606

Power Solutions Group, Ltd.

Minooka, IL 60447

670 Lakeview Plaza Blvd.

(815) 467-5577 Fax: (815) 467-5883 Rod.Hageman@pritserviceinc.com

(972) 420-0157

Potomac Testing, Inc.

Columbus, OH 43085

www.natljield.com

11179 Hopson Rd., Ste. 5

(614) 310-8018

www.pritserviceinc.com

Eric Beckman

Ashland, VA 23005

sspohn@powersolutionsgroup.com

Rod Hageman

(804) 798-7334 Fax: (804) 798-7456

www.powersolutionsgroup.com

Nationwide Electrical Testing, Inc.

www.potomactesting.com

Stuart Spohn

Reuter & Hanney, Inc. 149 Railroad Dr.

6050 Southard Trace Cumming, GA 30040

Power & Generation Testing, Inc.

Power Systems Testing Co.

Northampton Industrial Park

(770) 667-1875 Fax: (770) 667-6578

480 Cave Rd.

4688 W.Jennifer Ave., Ste. 108

Ivyland, PA 18974

Shashi@N-E-T-Inc.com

Nashville, TN 37210

Fresno, CA 93722

(215) 364-5333 Fax: (215) 364-5365

www.n-e-t-inc.com

(615) 882-9455 Fax: (615) 882-9591

(559) 275-2171 ext 15

mikereuter@reurerhanney.com

Shashikant B. Eagle

mose@pgti.net

Fax: (559) 275-6556

www.reuterhanney.com

www.pgti.net

dave@pstcpower.com

Michael Reuter

Mose Ramieh

www.powersystemstesting.com

North Central Electric, Inc.

David Huffman

69 Midway Ave. Hulmeville, PA 19047-5827

Power Engineering Services, Inc.

Reuter & Hanney, Inc. 4270-I Henninger Ct.

(215) 945-7632 Fax: (215) 945-6362

9179 Shadow Creek Lane

Power Systems Testing Co.

ncetest@aol.com

Converse, TX 78109

600 S. Grand Ave., Ste. 113

(703) 263-7163 Fax: 703-263-1478

www.ncetest.com

(210) 590-4936 Fax: (210) 590-6214

Santa Ana, CA 92705-4152

www.reuterhanney.com

Robert Messina

Northern Electrical Testing, Inc.

engelke@pe-svcs.com

(714) 542-6089 Fax: (714) 542-0737

www.pe-svcs.com

www.powersystemstesting.com

Miles R. Engelke

Reuter & Hanney, Inc. 11620 Crossroads Circle, Suites D-E

Power Systems Testing Co.

1991 Woodslee Dr.

Chantilly, VA 20151

Middle River, MD 21220

Troy, MI 48083-2236

POWER PLUS Engineering, Inc.

6736 Preston Ave, Ste. E

(410) 344-0300 Fax: (410) 335-4389

(248) 689-8980 Fax: (248) 689-3418

46575 Magellan

Livermore, CA 94551

www.reuterhanney.com

ldetterman@northerntesting.com

Novi, MI 48377

(510) 783-5096 Fax: (510) 732-9287

MichaelJester

www.northerntesting.com

(248) 344-0200 Fax: (248) 305-9105

www.powersystemstesting.com

Lyle Detterman

Orbis Engineering Field Services Ltd.

REV Engineering, LTD

smancuso@epowerplus.com www.epowerplus.com

Power Test, Inc.

Salvatore Mancuso

2200 Highway 49

Calgary, AB T2B 3A3

Harrisburg, NC 28075

Canada

#300, 9404 - 41st Ave.

3236 - 50 Ave. SE

Edmonton, AB T 6E 6G8

Power Products & Solutions, LLC

(704) 200-8311 Fax: (704) 455-7909

(403) 287-0156 Fax: (403) 287-0198

Canada

12465 Grey Commercial Rd.

rich@powertestinc.com

rdavidson@reveng.ca

(780) 988-1455 Fax: (780) 988-0191

Midland, NC 28107

www.powertestinc.com

www.reveng.ca

lorne@orbisengineering.net

(704) 573-0420 xl2

Richard Walker

Roland Nicholas Davidson, IV

www.orbisengineering.net

Fax: (704) 573-3693

Lome Gara

Pacific Power Testing, Inc.

ralph.patterson@powerproducts.biz

POWER Testing and Energization, Inc.

Saber Power Services

www.powerproducts.biz

14006 NW 3rd Ct., Ste. 101

9841 Saber Power Lane

Ralph Patterson

Vancouver, WA 98685

Rosharon, TX 77583-5188

14280 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577

Power Products & Solutions, LLC

(360) 597-2800 Fax: (360) 576-7182

(713) 222-9102

chris.zavadlov@powerte.com

info@saberpower.com

(510) 351-8811 Fax: (510) 351-6655

13Jenkins Ct.

www.powerte.com

www.saberpower.com

steve@pacificpowertesting.com

Mauldin, SC 29662

Chris Zavadlov

Phil Collins

www.pacificpowertesting.com

(800) 328-7382

Steve Emmert

ralph.patterson@powerproducts.biz

POWER Testing and Energization, Inc.

www.powerproducts.biz

731 E. Ball Rd., Ste. 100

Raymond Pesaturo

Anaheim, CA 92805 (714) 507-2702 www.powerte.com

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

NETAWORLD

•

129

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES settingthestandard Scott Testing Inc.

Shermco Industries

Southern New England Electrical Testing, LLC

Tony Demario Electric, Inc.

1698 5th St.

Boulevard Saint-Michel 47

3 Buel St.,Ste. 4

131 West F St.

Ewing, NJ 08638

1 040 Brussels

Wallingford, CT 06492

W ilmington, CA 90744

(609) 882-2400 Fax: (609) 882-5660

Brussels, Belgium

(203) 269-8778 Fax: (203) 269-8775

(310) 816-3130

rsorbello@scotttesting.com

+ 32 (0)2 400 00 54

dave.asplund@sneet.org

(310) 549-9747

www.scotttesting.com

Fax:+ 32 (0)2 400 00 32

www.sneet.org

neno@tdeinc.com

pldziak@shermco.com

David Asplund,Sr.

Russ Sorbello

www.shermco.com

Sentinel Power Services, Inc.

Paul Idziak

7517 E. Pine St.

www.tdeinc.com Nenad Pasic

Southwest Energy Systems, LLC 2231 East Jones Ave., Ste. A

Trace Electrical Services & Testing, LLC

Tulsa, OK 74115

Shermco Industries

Phoenix, AZ 85040

293 W hitehead Rd.

(918) 359-0350

12000 Nerwork Blvd.,Bldg D, Ste. 410

(602) 438-7500 Fax: (602) 438-7501

Hamilton, NJ 08619 (609) 588-8666 Fax: (609) 588-8667

gellis@spstulsa.com

San Antonio, TX 78249

bob.sheppard@southwestenergysystems.com

www.sentinelpowerservices.com

(512) 267-4800 Fax: (512) 267-4808

www.southwestenergysystems.com

jvasta@tracetesting.com

Greg Ellis

kewing@shermco.com

Robert Sheppard

www.tracetesting.com

Sentinel Power Services, Inc.

Kevin Ewing

Taurus Power & Controls, Inc. 9999 SW Avery St.

Utilities Instrumentation Service, Inc.

Russellville, AR 72801

Shermco Industries Canada Inc.

Tualatin, OR 97062-9517

2290 Bishop Circle East Dexter, MI 48130

www.shermco.com 1110 West B St., Ste.H

Joseph Vasta

(918) 359-0350

1033 Kearns Crescent,Box 995

(503) 692-9004 Fax: (503) 692-9273

gellis@spstulsa.com

Regina, SK S4P 3B2

robtaurus@tauruspower.com

(734) 424-1200 Fax: (734) 424-0031

www.sentinelpowerservices.com

Canada

www.tauruspower.com

GEWalls@UISCorp.com

(306) 949-8131 Fax: (306) 522-9181

Rob Bulfinch

www.uiscorp.com

Greg Ellis

kheid@magnaelectric.com

Shermco Industries

www.shermco.com

2425 E. Pioneer Dr.

Kerry Heid

Irving, TX 75061

Gary E. Walls

Taurus Power & Controls, Inc. 6617 S. 193rd Place, Ste. P104

Utility Service Corporation

Kent, WA 98032

4614 Commercial Dr. NW Huntsville, AL 35816-2201

(972) 793-5523 Fax: (972) 793-5542

Shermco Industries Canada Inc.

(425) 656-4170 Fax: (425) 656-4172

rwidup@shermco.com

851-58th St. East

jiml@tauruspower.com

(256) 837-8400 Fax: (256) 837-8403

www.shermco.com

Saskatoon,SK S7K 6X5

www.tauruspower.com

apeterson@utilserv.com

Ron W idup

Canada

Jim Lightner

(306) 955-8131

www.utilserv.com Alan D. Peterson

3C Electrical Co., Inc.

Shermco Industries

Fax: (306) 955-9181

1705Hur Industrial Blvd.

ajaques@magnaelectric.com

40 Washington St.

Cedar Park,TX 78613

www.shermco.com

Westborough, MA 01581

14311 29th St. East

(512) 267-4800 Fax: (512) 258-5571

Adam Jaques

(508) 881-3911 Fax: (508) 881-4814

Sumner , WA 98390

jim@three-c.com

(253) 891-1995 Fax: (253) 891-1511

Shermco Industries Canada Inc.

www.three-c.com

dhook@westernelectricalservices.com

3731-98 St.

Jim Cialdea

www.westernelectricafservices.com

kewing@shermco.com www.shermco.com Kevin Ewing

Dan Hook

Edmonton, AB T 6E 5N2

Shermco Industries

Western Electrical Services, Inc.

Canada

3C Electrical Co., Inc. Western Electrical Services, Inc.

33002 FM 2004

(780) 436-8831 Fax: (780) 468-9646

72 Sanford Dr.

Angleton,TX 77515

cgrant@magnaelectric.com

Gorham, ME 04038

3676 W. California Ave.,#C, 106

(979)848-1406 Fax: (979) 848-0012

www.shermco.com

(800) 649-6314 Fax: (207) 782-0162

Salt Lake City, UT 84104

mfrederick@shermco.com

Cal Grant

jim@three-c.com

(888) 395-2021 Fax: (253) 891-1511

www.three-c.com

rcoomes@westcrnelectricalservices.com

www.shermco.com Malcom Frederick

Shermco Industries Canada Inc.

Jim Cialdea

www.westernefectricafservices.com Rob Coomes

3430 25th St. NE

T idal Power Services, LLC

Shermco Industries

Calgary,AB T 1Y 6C1

1357 N. 108th E. Ave.

Canada

4202 Chance Lane

Tulsa, OK 74116

(403) 769-9300 Fax: (403)769-9369

Rosharon,TX 77583

5680 South 32nd St.

(918) 234-2300

cgrant@magnaelectric.com

(281) 710-9150 Fax: (713) 583-1216

Phoenix, AZ 85040

jharrison@shermco.com

www.shermco.com

monty.janak@tidalpowerservices.com

(602) 426-1667 Fax: (253) 891-1511

www.shermco.com

Cal Grant

www.tidalpowerservices.com

carcher@westernelectricalservices.com

Monty C. Janak

www.westernefectricafservices.com

JimHarrison

Shermco Industries Canada Inc. Shermco Industries

1375 Church Ave.

Western Electrical Services, Inc.

Craig Archer

T idal Power Services, LLC Western Electrical Services, Inc.

796 11th St.

W innipeg, MB R2X 2T 7

8184Highway 44,Ste. 105

Marion, !A 52302

Canada

Gonzales, LA 70737

4510 NE 68th Dr.,Ste. 122

(319) 377-3377 Fax: (319) 377-3399

(204) 925-4022 Fax: (204) 925-4021

(225) 644-8170 Fax: (225) 644-8215

Vancouver,WA 98661

lhamrick@shermco.com

cbrandt@magnaelectric.com

www.tidalpowerservices.com

(888) 395-2021 Fax: (253) 891-1511

www.shermco.com

www.shermco.com

Darryn Kimbrough

Tasciutto@westernelectricalservices.com

LynnHamrick

Curtis Brandt

T idal Power Services, LLC

Tony Asciutto

www.westernefectricafservices.com

Shermco Industries

Sigma Six Solutions, Inc.

1056 Mosswood Dr.

2100 Dixon St., Ste. C

2200 West Valley Hwy.,Ste. 100

Sulphur, LA 70663

Des Moines, !A 50316

Auburn,WA 98001

(337) 558-5457 Fax: (337) 558-5305

(515) 263-8482

(253) 333-9730 Fax: (253) 859-5382

www.tidalpowerservices.com Steve Drake

lhamrick@shermco.com

jwhite@sigmasix.com

www.shermco.com

www.sigmasix.com

LynnHamrick

John W hite

130

•

SUMMER 2015

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

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ADVERTISERS

MANUFACTURERS AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

This issue's advertisers are identified below.

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INDEPENDENT NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES Absolute Testing Services, Inc. ......................55 American Electrical Testing Co. ....................94 Apparatus Testing and Engineering ..................75 Burlington Electrical Testing Co., Inc. ...............75 Eastern High Voltage...............................15 Electrical Energy Experts, Inc........................69 Electrical Reliability Services........................94 Elemco Services, Inc...............................1OS EnerG Test .......................................1OS Harford Electrical Testing Co., Inc...................87 High Voltage Maintenance Corp. ...................17 Industrial Electric Testing, Inc. ....................133 Infra-Red Building and Power Service ..............100 Nationwide Electrical Testing, Inc ...................87 North Central Electric, Inc..........................15 Orbis Engineering Field Services, Ltd . ...............69 Potomac Testing, Inc. .............................117 Power & Generation Testing, Inc. ...................87 Power Products & Solutions, Inc....................107 Power Services, LLC ...............................54 Power Systems Testing Co..........................133 PO WER Testing and Energization, Inc..............100 PRIT Service, Inc. .................................69 Scott Testing, Inc...................................54 Shermco Industries................................108 Sigma Six Solutions ................................33 Taurus Power & Controls, Inc........................ 6 3C Electrical Co.Inc. ..............................17 Tony Demaria Electric, Inc..........................85 Trace Electrical Services & Testing, LLC .............77 Utility Service Corporation ........................95

134

•

SUMMER 201 S

ECP Solutions ............................................ 101 Electric Service Co. .....................................8, 107 ElectroRent ............................................33, 95 Group CBS, Inc............................................ 86 High Voltage, Inc........................................... 26 High Voltage Electrical Services, Inc. ........................ 16 H V Diagnostics, Inc........................................ 85 Instel Power Products . ..................................... 26 Intellirent ................................................132 IRISS ..................................................... 53 L.W.Brittain .............................................. 15 Megger .................................... Inside Front Cover Monster Fuses ............................................. 33 National Switchgear........................................ 27 NETA ECS ......................................... 122, 123 NETA M T S .........................................102,103 NETA SPT S ............................................... 9 NETA PowerTest Call for Sponsors ......................... 52 NETA PowerTest Save the Date .............................. 6 NETA PowerTest Sponsor Thank You ......................121 OMICRON electronics Corp.USA.................Back Cover Phenix Technologies, Inc. .................................. 52 PMDT .................................................... 5 Protee Equipment Resources ..............................101 Quality Switchgear, Inc. .................................... 32 Raytech ................................................... 40 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.....................60 SMC International......................................... 25 Solid State Exchange & Repair Co..........................131 Technitrol, Inc. ............................................ 23 Thyritronics, Inc............................................ 23 Utility Relay Company ..................................... 41 Vacuum Interrupters, Inc...................................106 Vanguard Instrument Co., Inc. .............................. 22 W idespread Electrical Sales .................................. 8

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