NETA World Journal | Winter 2014

WINTER2014

DIFFERENTIAL

PROTECTION PAG PA GE 96

INSIDE!

SPECIAL PREVIEW GUIDE DE REGIST ISTR R ATIION OP OPEN NO NOW

I S S N 2 1 6 7 - 3 5 9 4 N E TA TA W O R L D J O U R N A L P R I N T I S S N 2 1 6 7 - 3 5 8 6 N E TA TA W O R L D J O U R N A L O N L I N E

NOT JUST A PRETTY (INTER)FACE Introducing the SMRT36D The SMRT Series is Megger’s flagship all-purpose relay test equipment. The latest addition to the family includes a fully integrated touchscreen controller so you don’t have to carry a laptop. Like other models in the SMRT series, the SMRT36D features: High compliance voltage for testing high impedance relays Three-phase transformer differential protection testing made easy Effortless click-on-fault impedance testing Binary inputs for direct reading of IRIG-B signals for end-to-end testing Complete solution for IEC 61850 GOOSE testing Visit megger.com for more information or call 1-800-723-2861 to schedule a demo today!

© Megger 2014.

PREVIEW

GUIDE

Plan Your PowerTest 2015 Schedule Choose Your Sessions See Exhibitor Previews Make the Most of PowerTest 2015

Renaissance Nashville Hotel MARCH 2–6, 2015 P OW E RTEST 2015

NOW 5 FULL DAYS! MO N DAY- FR I DAY

www.power test.org

ENERGIZE YOUR FUTURE AT THE PREMIER ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY EVENT

PowerTest heads to Nashville, Tennessee in 2015 PowerTest 2015 will be held in the heart of Music City, USA at the Renaissance Nashville Hotel in Nashville, Tennessee. With a melting pot of music, education, sports, and Southern charm, this superb location puts you a few steps away from the world-renowned Ryman Auditorium (the original home of the Grand Ole Opry), Tootsies, and Music Row on Broadway. This four-star hotel is also in close proximity to such attractions as Hatch Show Print, one of the nation’s oldest working letterpress facilities made iconic through its association with the Ryman Auditorium and musicians like Johnny Cash, Dolly Parton, and Elvis Presley. Nashville’s culinary scene is not to be missed. Attendees can satisfy cravings for everything from fried chicken at Prince’s Hot Chicken to Slow Food Cuisine at Silo.

The birthplace of Country music, where dreams and hard work make anything possible, serves as a perfect backdrop for PowerTest and its attendees who are dedicated to education and excellence in all facets of the electrical power systems industry. Join us at PowerTest and “Energize Your Future” where you have access to the newest technologies and products presented by industry leaders and experts. To borrow a turn of phrase from the Hatch Brothers, founders of Hatch Show Print, who said, “Advertising without posters is like fishing without worms,” your electrical education for the year just isn’t complete without PowerTest. We’ll see you there!

MARCH 2–6, 2015 NOW FIVE FULL DAYS!

2

2

DAY

1 Monday

We’ve gathered leaders in the industry and will stage a full day of engaging, 45-minute presentations sure to expand your thinking and generate new ideas. Choose from 27 detailed technical presentation track topics.

Technical Presentations ELECTRICAL SAFETY

EQUIPMENT

• The Impact of Electrical Safety to Maintenance: NFPA 70B and CSA Z463 Jim White and Kerry Heid, Shermco Industries

• The Trifecta of Motor Maintenance Noah Bethel, PdMA Corporation

• Extension Cord Safety Dennis Neitzel, AVO Training Institute, Inc. • What’s In Your Wallet?

Or What Won’t Be Left In Your Wallet Don Brown, Shermco Industries • Changes to OSHA’s .269 and 1926 Regulations Jim White, Shermco Industries • 12.5 Still Alive – The Impact of an Injury?

What Are you Risking?

Gary Norland, Gary Norland Safety Presentations • Electrical Safety Audits Dave Kreger, Electrical Reliability Services

RELIABILITY • Discovery of Transformer Short Circuit Winding before Failure Keith Burgess, Shermco Industries • A Comprehensive Maintenance Strategy for Medium–Voltage Cable Testing Ashley Harkness, Electrical Reliability Services • Sweep Frequency Response Analysis – Why It Should Be In Your Diagnostic Toolbox William Keith Hill, Doble Engineering Company • Bushings That Bite – What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You! Tony McGrail, Doble Engineering Company • Switchgear and Circuit Breakers Failure and Case Study Shuzhen Xu, FM Global • Battery Discharge Testing: Implementing NERC Standard and Field Experiences Dinesh Chhajer and Robert Foster, Megger

• Practices and Designs for VT and CT Isolation Devices Scott Short, Doble Engineering Company • Understanding Testing and Diagnostic Challenges Associated with Magnetically Actuated Vacuum Circuit Breakers Charles Sweetser, OMICRON electronics Corp. USA • QA Electrical Testing of Medium–Voltage Global VPI Stator Windings Vicki Warren, Iris Power – A Qualitrol Company • Five Things to Know about Power Quality Monitoring Ross Ignall, Dranetz Technologies • Maintenance Testing of Low – Voltage Power Circuit Breakers in a Large Automotive Assembly Plant Mose Ramieh III, PGTI Randall Sagan, MBUSI

RELAYS • Improving Reliability – Beyond Compliance Karl Zimmerman and David Costello, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories • Basic Transformer Differential Protection Jay Garnett, Doble Engineering Company • Configuring Your Microprocessor – Based Relay System for Maximum Value Steve Nollette, Electrical Reliability Services • Open-Circuited CT Misoperation and Investigation Karl Zimmerman and David Costello, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories • Test the System, Not the Element William Knapek, OMICRON electronics Corp. USA • Transmission Line Protection 101 Tim Walker, OMICRON electronics Corp. USA

3

3

DAY

1 Monday

(continued)

Technical Presentations

NEW PRODUCT FORUM 5:00 PM – 6:00 PM

(continued)

ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING • Commissioning Your Data Center: Achieve Greater Availability, Safety, and Efficiency While Reducing Costs Throughout the Cycle Michael Donato, Electrical Reliability Services • Understanding and Implementing the NETA Electrical Commissioning Standard ECS-2015 Lorne Gara, Orbis Engineering Ron Widup, Shermco Industries • Commissioning Progress Communication Michael Lewark, SNC Lavalin

In just 60 minutes, attendees receive a fun, lightning fast top-line on new products and technologies that will be featured at the PowerTest 2015 Trade Show.

For those that stay until the end, you’ll have a chance to win big from the New Product Forum Door Prizes! Must be present to win.

HOSPITALITY SUITES 6:00 PM – 10:00 PM

ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING SYMPOSIUM Moderator : Lorne Gara, Orbis Engineering Participate in the afternoon Electrical Commissioning Symposium. Lorne Gara of Orbis Engineering and expert panelists help audience participants navigate open discussions on current challenges and insights in the electrical power systems industry.

Mingle with a host of leaders at Monday night’s Hospitality Suites. Talk with the experts, find solutions for your business, and catch up on the latest products and services as each sponsoring company shares their own brand of hospitality.

TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT We’re big in oil and gas.

Actually, insulating oil and SF6 gas analysis and processing is now a big part of Shermco’s analysis services. With 15 locations throughout the central USA and Canada, we offer specialty services to support NETA companies as well as our own industrial and utility customers. Our new sample kits provide all you need to take insulating oil samples and we have the fastest turn-around times in the industry. Just pull the samples and drop off at the nearest UPS pickup site we’ll do the rest!

Plus, our oil processing and SF6 trailers and technicians are available around the clock, with an experienced team that is ready to travel anywhere, anytime to get equipment back on-line quickly.

And don’t forget, we also offer some of the fastest response times for remanufacturing circuit breakers at three locations or, for big jobs, from our mobile circuit breaker remanufacturing trailer. Replacement parts, too!

So remember, when you need both rapid service and the highest quality, Shermco has the right people and the best tools ready for you. www.shermco.com | 888.SHERMCO | Booth #400

4

DAY

2 Tuesday

Tuesday Morning Join in the discussion during the Tuesday morning Panel Sessions. Select two of the four panel topics and get ready to learn from experts and peers alike.

PANELS: ELECTRICAL SAFETY Moderator: Jim White, Shermco Industries

TRANSFORMERS Moderator: Bruce Rockwell, American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

TESTING METHODOLOGIES Moderator: Tom Sandri, Shermco Industries

MEDIUM-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT Moderator: Mose Ramieh III, Power & Generation Testing, Inc.

Trade Show Preview For a sneak peak of new products and technology showcased at PowerTest 2015, look inside this Preview Guide: Shermco Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4 OMICRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6 Power Monitoring & Diagnosis Technology LTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7 Intellirent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 10 High Voltage, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 11 BCS Switchgear, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 12 WEIDMANN Electrical Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 13

5

DAY

2 Tuesday

(continued)

Tuesday Afternoon POWERTEST 2015 TRADE SHOW The PowerTest 2015 Trade Show promises more than 100 top-tier electrical power vendors whose mission is electrical safety and reliability.

Enjoy a complimentary lunch and beverages as you tour the show and make connections.

Tuesday Evening Don’t miss the PowerTest 2015 PowerBash Enjoy the Southern charm and music of Nashville, celebrate the best of PowerTest, mix and mingle.

Tuesday evening from 5:30 PM – 8:30 PM.

TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT

The future of circuit breaker testing The new CIBANO 500 is the first 3-in-1 test system worldwide to combine a micro-ohmmeter, a timing analyzer, and a circuit breaker supply in one device. This helps you to carry out all kinds of tests on all types of circuit breakers, quickly and with little wiring. Even better, it weighs only 44 lbs.

The unique wiring concept makes circuit breaker testing safer and easier. All tests can be carried out with both sides of the circuit breaker grounded and you don’t need to rewire between the single tests. And now that measured data can be transmitted digitally, interference is history. The Primary Test Manager™ (PTM) software gives you one overall report of all results.

Circuit breaker testing has never been so easy.

Check it out for yourself and visit us at booth no. 136/138!

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www.omicronusa.com

POWERTEST 2015 TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT STAGE Tuesday

12:00 PM - 4:30 PM

NETA’s Gold Corporate Alliance Partners will share insights, ideas, and best practices throughout the PowerTest 2015 Trade Show.

WEIDMANN Electrical Technology

Circuit Breaker Sales

Megger

Electro Rent

12:30 PM - 12:45 PM Smart Insulation, the Software Side - Getting to Optimum Transformer Performance 1:00 PM - 1:15 PM TDS NT Series: Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Partial Discharge (PD) Testing Solution

Intellirent

2:30 PM - 2:45 PM One Stop for Your Electrical Needs The CircuitBreakerStore.com 3:00 PM - 3:15 PM Test Equipment Problems and Solutions in the Field

Doble Engineering Company

1:30 PM - 1:45 PM Safe and Smart Cable Testing

3:30 PM - 3:45 PM In-Service Partial Discharge Testing: The Right Tool at the Right Time

AVO Training Institute

ComRent Load Bank Solutions

2:00 PM - 2:15 PM The Changes in NFPA 70E 2015 and What it Means to You

4:00 PM - 4:15 PM Insights and Best Practices for Load Bank Testing

Door Prize Drawing 4:15 PM

TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT

7

POWERTEST 2015 EXHIBITORS

SPOtLIGht StAGe

8

POWERTEST 2015 EXHIBITORS COMPANY

BOOTH #

ABB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 Advanced Motor Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Advanced Test Equipment Rentals . . . . . . . 422 AEMC Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Arbiter Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 ASD, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Astro Controls, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 AVO Training Institute, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 AVOX Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 Baron USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Basler Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 BCS Switchgear, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 Belyea Company, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . 323/325 CBS ArcSafe, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 CE Power Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Circuit Breaker Analyzer, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Circuit Breaker Sales Co ., Inc . . . . . . 129/228 ComRent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Doble Engineering Company . . . . . . . . . . 421 Dranetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 EA Technology LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 ECP Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233/235 Electrical Reliability Services . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Electrical Test Instruments, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Electro Rent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 Electroswitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 ELSPEC North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 ENOSERV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Exiscan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 General Electric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 HAEFELY HIPOTRONICS . . . . . . . 431/433/530/532 Halco Testing Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526 High Voltage, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 Hioki USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432 HV Diagnostics, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114/116 HV Technologies, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 IBEW Local Union #269 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Instel Power Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Intellirent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Iris Power – Qualitrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 JM Test Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 KoCo America LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Manta Test Systems, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Megger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

COMPANY

BOOTH #

Monster Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 Monster Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 Morgan Schaffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 National Switchgear . . . . . . . . . . . . 123/222 ndb Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 NETA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 North American Switchgear, Inc . . . . . . . . . 204 Ofil Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 OMICRON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136/138 Parts Super Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523/525 Phenix Technologies, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Power & Generation Testing, Inc . . . . . . . . . 206 Power Diagnostic Service Co . LTD . . . . . . . 428 Power Grid Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Power Monitoring and Diagnosis Technology Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Power Substation Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 Process Measurement Company . . . . . . . . 516 ProgUSA - DV Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 Protec Equipment Resources . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Quality Switchgear, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Raytech USA, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415/417 R .N .T . Supply, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 RESA Power Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 ROMAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 Salisbury by Honeywell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Schaefer Inc . (Power Quality Group) . . . . . 410 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Shermco Industries . . . . . 400/401/402/404 SMC International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 SPBreakers .com . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528 Solid State Exchange & Repair Co . . . . . . . 125 Sunbelt Transformer Ltd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Switchgear Pro (RB Sales) . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Technitrol, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 TJH2b Analytical Services . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 TRS–RenTelco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Utility Relay Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Vacuum Interrupters, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Valence Electrical Training Services . . . . . . 108 Vanguard Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 WEIDMANN Electrical Technology . . 219/221 Widespread Electrical Sales . . . . . . . . . . . 340

9

DAY

3 Wednesday

Wednesday Seminars 8:00 AM – 11:45 AM • Commissioning Generator Protector Relays Scott Cooper, OMICRON electronics Corp. USA • Wedded Bliss: How Syncrude Canada Married Commissioning Contractors and In-House Technicians to Produce a Healthy Testing Program Dennis Moon, AVO Training Institute, Inc • Electrical Testing Medium-Voltage Stator Windings Tom Sandri, Shermco Industries

1:15 PM – 5:00 PM • Digital Relay Event Report Analysis Karl Zimmerman and David Costello, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories • Field Testing of Oil-Filled Power Transformers: From IEEE 62 to IEEE C57.152 Diego Robalino and Dinesh Chhajer, Megger • Acceptance and Maintenance Testing for MediumVoltage Electrical Power Cables: Exploring Technology Developments Over the Past 20 Years Tom Sandri, Shermco Industries

TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT

Let our equipment

meet you there

the test equipment answer ■■

Whether your equipment rental is same day, next day, or a pre-established date, our equipment travels first class

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Return shipment packaging and labels, for the return trip

■■

Travel companion laptop if required

■■

All to ensure you can do your job out of the box ready to go

T 972.317.0479

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|

www.intellirentco.com

|

info@intellirentco.com

DAY

4 Thursday

Thursday Seminars 8:00 AM – 11:45 AM • Relay Troubleshooting 2.0 Karl Zimmerman and David Costello, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories

1:15 PM – 5:00 PM • What Type of Insulating Liquid is within Electrical Equipment?

David Koehler and Lance Lewand, Doble Engineering Company

• Assistant Electrical Testing Technician – Level II Study Session Ron Widup, Shermco Industries • HVCB Testing Seminar Robert Foster and Volney Naranjo, Megger

• Commissioning Multifunction Digital Relays – Are We Taking Too Many Shortcuts?

Will Knapek, Scott Cooper, and Tim Walker, OMICRON electronics Corp. USA • Certified and Certified Senior Electrical Testing Technician – Level III & IV Study Session Ron Widup, Shermco Industries

3838_HVI_NETA_PowerTest_Ad.pdf

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TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT

10:51 AM

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There is no better alternative. HVI has been supplying the world with VLF and Tan Delta technology since 1998, with more models, greater voltage range, and higher power capability, all with the superior sales and service that HVI is well known for worldwide.

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Easy to use controls. Programmable test sequences & manual control, USB, XBEE® wireless, RS-232/422 port for downloading data and for unlimited test report capture, wireless computer interface to control and download Tan Delta diagnostics and for remote control operation via laptop.

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Friday

THE DOBLE LABORATORY SEMINAR 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM

Designed for engineers, chemists, and others responsible for reviewing data to interpret laboratory results to detect and identify problems within electric apparatus. The seminar will be interactive, combining theoretical background with practical experience and hands-on examples including case studies illustrating common problems found in the field.

: * TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT*!

BCS MCLCEC CRSE BCS Switchgear has rapidi!:J expanded into the Molded Case industr!:J in recent !:Jears. Our techs perform a wide range of tests ensuring that what we are sending !:JOU is in proper working order. We take it a step further and offer standard 1 !:Jear warranties on ever!:Jthing that ships out of our warehouse in Texas.

Our ever-growing inventor!:J enables us to handle and deliver all of !:JOUr electrical wants/needs. Our knowledgeable sales team is more than equipped to answer !:JOUr questions and make sure !:JOU are well taken care of.

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SPECIAL SESSIONS AND MORE MEGGER BEST PRACTICES NASHVILLE Sunday, March 1, 9:00 AM - 4:00 PM Megger’s Seminar will address many of the critical and costly aspects of substation maintenance. The interactive session will feature practical presentations on current methods oand practices to help ensure the reliability of high-voltage circuit breakers, power transformers, and batteries.

You must preregister for this event by contacting Megger: 214.330.3539 MUSIC CITY PUB CRAWL Sunday, March 1, 5:30 PM - 8:30 PM Come experience a unique side of Nashville! Enjoy four Music Row watering holes, listen to Nashville’s upand-coming artists, learn line dancing, or take center stage to display your own chops during karaoke. Let’s crawl, Y’all! $155 per person.

DOBLE USERS GROUP MEETING Monday, March 2, 12:15 PM - 2:15 PM Join us for a special session on Doble’s testing software, including Protection Suite, ProTesT, DTA and T-Doble. Learn more about what’s new with these various software solutions. This is also your chance to share your feedback. Doble’s Solutions Directors for protection and off-line testing & assessment equipment will be conducting this users group and they want your input on the features and enhancements you’d like to see in Doble software. This session is exclusively for users of Doble test equipment and software. Register at: www.doble.com/NETA. POWERDB USER GROUP Monday, March 2, 12:15 PM - 2:15 PM Free user’s group meeting open to all users of PowerDB software. You must preregister for this event by contacting Megger: 214.330.3539

Spouse/Guest Pass

Stocked with refreshments, information on local restaurants, shops, tours, and attractions, the Gathering Lounge allow guests to connect and enjoy Nashville together or on their own. The pass also includes a tour of the Grand Ole Opry, the Trade Show, and PowerBash. $75 per person

Social Pass

Want to keep it simple? Forego the tour and lounge that are included in the Spouse/Guest Pass and instead add the Social Pass for guests who want to attend Monday evening’s Hospitality Suites and Tuesday’s Trade Show and PowerBash. $40 per person.

TRADE SHOW SPOTLIGHT

HOW SMART IS YOUR INSULATION? VISIT US AT DISTRIBUTECH CONFERENCE, FEB 3-5 IN SAN DIEGO. BOOTH # 4623 NETA POWERTEST, MARCH 2-6 IN NASHVILLE, TN. BOOTH #219/221

SMART INSULATION™

SMART TRANSFORMERS

SMART GRID www.weidmann-electrical.com

13

14

Early Bird Registration is Now opEn Register on-line at: www.powertest.org

Or call:

888-300-6382 (NETA) Non Members

NAC/ Alliance

Full Conference

$789

$729

Single Day

$530

$500

Seminars

$289

$269

Doble Seminar

$445

$445

Register On-line: To register for PowerTest 2015, save time by registering on-line.

You’ll find a complete brochure and registration form available at www.powertest.org.

Join & Save Join the Gold Alliance Program for $800 and your PowerTest 2015 conference registration is included!

Standard Alliance Program participants can upgrade to Gold Alliance status for only $625 to receive a complimentary PowerTest conference registration.

Hotel Reservations: Renaissance Nashville Hotel 877.901.6632 611 Commerce Street Nashville, TN 37203

Reservation Deadline: January 29, 2015 Group Name: NETA/PowerTest Group Rate: $195

Or for web registrations, use the following link: https://resweb.passkey.com/Resweb.do?mode=welcome_ei_new&eventID=11599514

Easy Steps for Registration: 1. Go to www.powertest.org and review the complete PowerTest 2015 on-line brochure.

2. Decide the number of days you will attend the conference.

3. Tuesday attendees select up to two panels. (Cost of panels included in the registration fees.)

4. Wednesday attendees register for up to two seminars. (Cost of seminars is in addition to the registration fees.)

5. Thursday attendees register for up to two seminars. (Cost of seminars is in addition to the registration fees.)

6. Register for two or more seminars and receive 15% off. Use code SEM2015PT to receive this discount.

7. Register for Doble Lab Seminar.

(Cost of seminar is in addition to the registration fees.)

Payment: NETA accepts all major credit cards. Save time and register on-line at www.powertest.org or call 888-300-6382 (NETA).

8. Sign up for Spouse/Guest Passes.

(Cost of passes is in addition to the registration fees.)

Extras: PowerTest 2015 Technical Papers- Registered conference attendees will receive all PowerTest technical presentations on a USB drive on site in their registration bag.

9. Sign up for PowerTest 2015 conference polo shirts and select size.

(Cost of polo shirts is in addition to the registration fees.)

15

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

C O V E R S T O RY

F E AT U R E S

7

President’s Desk David Huffman, Power Systems Testing Co. NETA President

84

Condition of Maintenance in the 2015 NFPA 70E Jim White, Shermco Industries

90

Risk Assessment and Other Revisions New to NFPA 70E-2015 Dennis K. Neitzel, D. Ray Crow, and Daleep Mohla

104 Electrical Safety: Myths and Rumors David K. Kreger, Electrical Reliability Services

IN EVERY ISSUE

10

NFPA 70E and NETA How OSHA and NFPA 70E Work Together Ron Widup and Jim White, Shermco Industries

14

96 Arc Flash Mitigation Using Differentional Protection With the revision of the NFPA 70E, the Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, one thing remains constant, the risk of an arc-flash hazard will need to be performed.

Although the risk hazard tables are presented in a different manner with the latest revision of NFPA 70E, one of the goals to this analysis will continue to ensure the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is used under specific conditions.

Brian Cronin, CSA Engineering Services, LLC

Tech Quiz NFPA 70E Jim White, Shermco Industries

18

Testing Rotating Machinery QA Tests for MV GVPI Stator Windings Vicki Warren, Iris Power LP

28

Safety Corner NFPA 70B Recommended Practices for Electrical Equipment Maintenance and Its Relation to Electrical Safety in the Workplace Scott Blizard, American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

36

Tech Tips Fault Clearance on Grounded Neutral Systems Jeff Jowett, Megger

42

No-Outage Corner IR vs. PD and the Winner Is …

Don Genutis, Halco Testing Services

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NETAWORLD

•

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS INDUSTRY TOPICS

NETA NEWS – SETTING THE STANDARD

72

50

Make Your Electrical Safety Program Your Own Part 2: What Should Be in an Electrical Safety Program?

Michael A. Heinsdorf, ARCOM and Jill Howell, NETA

Don Brown, Shermco Industries

76

Performance Testing of Ground Fault Protection Systems

AIA Masterspec® – Division 26 Electrical Sections to Include Accredited NETA Company and ANSI/NETA ATS

110 NETA’s New Addition – Coming This Spring Jill Howell and Kristen Wicks, NETA

Ron Widup, Shermco Industries

NETA NEWS - POWERTEST CONFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS

55

108 Insulated Conductor Committee News Ralph Patterson, Power Products and Solutions

116 ANSI/NETA Standards Update

60

Social Networking Old-School Style

64

NETA Corporate Alliance Partners in

the Spotlight

120 ASTM F18 Committee Meeting Jim White, Shermco Industries

66

NETA Alliance Partnership–A Golden

Opportunity

122 NETA Representation Technical Update Ralph Patterson, Power Products and Solutions

Attending Powertest: A Practical Guide to

Who, What, When, Where, and Why

68

NETA Expands Learning Opportunities

at PowerTest NETA NEWS 24

Building Bridges in the Land of the

Golden Gate Kristen Wicks, NETA

34

Sweets at the Suite

NETA NEWS – IMPORTANT LISTS 124 NETA Accredited Companies 130 Advertiser List

Kristen Wicks, NETA

40

NETA Welcomes Grounded Technologies,

NOTICE OF ERRATA

Inc. as a NETA Accredited Company 44

NETA Welcomes High Voltage Service as

a NETA Accredited Company 48

46

AVO Training Institute, Inc. – Corporate

Alliance Partner

NETA Welcomes BEC Testing as a NETA

Accredited Company 102 NETA Welcomes EPS Technology as a

NETA Accredited Company 114 NETA Welcomes Accessible Consulting

Engineers, Inc. as a NETA Accredited Company

4

•

WINTER 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS

3050 Old Centre Avenue, Suite 102 Portage, MI 49024 Toll free: 888.300.NETA (6382) Phone: 269.488.NETA (6382) Fax: 269.488.6383 neta@netaworld.org www.netaworld.org EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Jayne Tanz, CMP NETA Officers PRESIDENT: David Huffman, Power Systems Testing Co. FIRST VICE PRESIDENT: Ron Widup, Shermco Industries SECOND VICE PRESIDENT: Jim Cialdea, Three-C Electrical Co., Inc. SECRETARY: Mose Ramieh, Power & Generation Testing, Inc. TREASURER: John White, Sigma Six Solutions

228 Merrick Road Lynbrook, NY 11563 (631) 589-6343/Fax (516) 596-3680

601 Union Street Brooklyn, NY 11215 (718) 786-4900

NETA Board of Directors Ken Bassett (Potomac Testing, Inc.) Scott Blizard (American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.) Jim Cialdea (Three-C Electrical Co., Inc.) Lorne Gara (Orbis Engineering Field Services, Ltd.) Roderic Hageman (PRIT Service, Inc.) David Huffman (Power Systems Testing) Alan Peterson (Utility Service Corporation) Mose Ramieh (Power & Generation Testing, Inc.) Bob Sheppard (Southwest Energy Services, LLC) John White (Sigma Six Solutions) Ron Widup (Shermco Industries) NETA World Staff

TECHNICAL EDITOR: Roderic L. Hageman

ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Diane W. Hageman, Resa Pickel MANAGING EDITOR: Jayne Tanz, CMP

ADVERTISING MANAGER: Laura McDonald

DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: Hour Custom Publishing

NETA Committee Chairs

CONFERENCE: Ron Widup; MEMBERSHIP: Ken Bassett;

PROMOTIONS/MARKETING: Scott Blizard; SAFETY: Scott Blizard and Jim White; TECHNICAL: Alan Peterson; TECHNICAL EXAM: Ron Widup; WORLD ADVISORY: Diane Hageman;

CONTINUING TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT: David Huffman; TRAINING: Kerry Heid; FINANCE: John White;

NOMINATIONS: Alan Peterson; STRATEGY: Mose Ramieh; ALLIANCE PROGRAM: Jim Cialdea

© Copyright 2014, NETA

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

NETA World is published quarterly by the InterNational Electrical Testing Association.

Opinions, views and conclusions expressed in articles herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of NETA. Publication herein does not constitute or imply endorsement of any opinion, product, or service by NETA, its directors, officers, members, employees or agents (herein “NETA”).

All technical data in this publication reflects the experience of individuals using specific tools, products, equipment and components under specific conditions and circumstances which may or may not be fully reported and over which NETA has neither exercised nor reserved control.

Such data has not been independently tested or otherwise verified by NETA. NETA MAKES NO ENDORSEMENT, REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY AS TO ANY OPINION, PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERENCED OR ADVERTISED IN THIS PUBLICATION. NETA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY TO ANY CONSUMER, PURCHASER OR ANY OTHER PERSON USING ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERENCED OR ADVERTISED HEREIN FOR ANY INJURIES OR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, DIRECT OR INDIRECT DAMAGES. NETA FURTHER DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OF IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ELECTRICAL TESTING SHALL BE PERFORMED ONLY BY TRAINED ELECTRICAL PERSONNEL AND SHALL BE SUPERVISED BY NETA CERTIFIED TECHNICIANS/ LEVEL III OR IV OR BY NICET CERTIFIED TECHNICIANS IN ELECTRICAL TESTING TECHNOLOGY/LEVEL III OR IV. FAILURE TO ADHERE TO ADEQUATE TRAINING, SAFETY REQUIREMENTS, AND APPLICABLE PROCEDURES MAY RESULT IN LOSS OF PRODUCTION, CATASTROPHIC EQUIPMENT FAILURE, SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH.

PRESIDENT’S DESK

“There is no task so monumental, no job so important, that it cannot be done safely” –author unknown Certainly in the realm of private industry, this simple statement holds true.

This edition of NETA World addresses some of the changes in NFPA 70E, as well as the condition of the equipment, and how it applies to personnel safety.

It wasn’t in the too distant past that relaxing safety measures at times was not only accepted but requested. “Can’t this be done energized?” is a question that’s been asked, usually by people who simply are not understanding the risks. Bringing safety to the forefront and educating people can change that question to a statement more like “We will organize a shutdown to perform that work.”

Hopefully, you’re enjoying reasonable weather and getting ready to spend time with family and loved ones for the holidays. And if the weather isn’t cooperating, you can always join us in a couple months for the January membership meeting! Wishing you the happiest holiday season,

David Huffman President InterNation Electrical Testing Association.

PRESIDENT’S DESK

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To ensure the reliability of your electrical power, you have to balance the need to reduce maintenance costs with the need to perform regular maintenance. Only the team from Electrical Reliability Services delivers cost-effective services and system expertise to keep you up and running 24/7.

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THE NFPA 70E AND NETA

BY RON WIDUP AND JIM WHITE,

Sher mco Industries

Here we are at the 2015 release of a new edition of NFPA 70E,

Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace.

NFPA 70E is a fairly new standard, as standards go.

safety-related work practices would lead off with

developing a safety standard that could be used to

installation requirements, but at that time the

formulate an electrical safety regulation, SubpartS.

bulk of the information in 70E was NEC-based.

NFPA agreed, and in 1979 the first edition of 70E

Part 2 contained the electrical safety-related work

was published.

practices and mirrored the then-current OSHA

OSHA used 70E as a template,

using broader non-prescriptive language suitable

regulations.

for a Federal regulation and in 1990 issued the

the work practices chapter has grown and became

ElectricalSafety-Related Work Practices regulations into the Federal Register, 29CFR1910.331 - .335.

The language used in the writing of those Labor

electrical safety regulations is amongst the clearestusedina regulation. We'renot saying they are clear, mind you, just that they are much easier to understand and implement

29 f'IIA'I1.l1JOG.ro•,,om .......... ., ......

in

comparison

to

other

regulations.

Those regulations have remained static since they were issued.

O n a side note,

I realize OSHA likes to refer to their regulations as "standards." (See Figure 1).

Standards are by definition voluntary.

OSHA "standards" are federal law and are not voluntary. Ask anyone who has been cited for infractions.

Figure 1: OSHA Regulations

most part, it is safe to say that when first released NFPA 70E was a minor standard and not widely used in the electrical industry.

It wasn't until the 2000 edition ofNFPA 70E that the electrical industry started to pay close attention to it.

Table 3-3.9.1, Hazard Risk Category

Classifications was first published in 70E. (See Figure 2).

For the first time, electrical workers,

their supervisors, and companies had guidance on what type of arc-rated PPE and clothing should be worn for performing specific tasks.

It was

revolutionary. Paul Hamer, representative for The American Petroleum Institute (API) who worked for Chevron Research and Technology, proposed the use of a table that was being used internally by

portions

has been the basis for the table method of choosing

of

the

National

Electrical

There were six chapters

in Part I, all based on the NEC.

WINTER 2014

more pertinent to the electrical worker. For the

Chevron at the time. That table was accepted and

Code (NEC) as Part I, Installation Safoty

•

With each edition of NFPA 70E,

The 1976 edition of NFPA 70E used

Requirements.

10

seems odd now that a standard on electrical

In 1976 OSHA approached NFPA about

It

arc-rated PPE and clothing since. The tables have always been controversial. Being task based, they have not been directly tied to incident energy and

A 70E RETROSPECTIVE

THE NFPA 70E AND NETA they derated the level

with the NEC Style Manual. The Electrical Safety­

risk. However, looking

Related WOrk Practices chapter became Chapter

at the tables in the

1 and the Electrical Installation Requirements

context of the times,

became Chapter 4. This was done to place more

they propelled arc-flash

emphasis on the work practices. The chapters were

protection to the front

renumbered to follow the NEC Style Manual.

lines

Table 3-3.9.1 became Table 130.7(C)(9)(a). The

where

workers

really needed it.

title for NFPA 70E was changed from "Stand4rd

Ray Jones, the chair of

Figure 2: NFPA

the 70E committee at

70E 2000 Edition

the time, once stated,

'1t is more important

_

WOrkplaces" to "Stancl£trd for Electrical Safety in the WOrkplace': (See Figure 4).

The 2009 cycle turned out to be four years, instead

that people wear some

of three, as the 70E committee wrangled over the use of the hazard/risk category tables. An extra

to

themselves,

meeting had to be held to iron out differences.

because right now they

In the end, the committee voted to keep the

are wearing nothing at

tables intact and the standard was published as the

alL Something is better

2009 edition. (See Figure 5).

protect

nothing. "

The

IEEE 1584 workgroup did not publish their findings until 2002, so the committee used

Best PPE System

for Electrical Safety Requirements in Employee

type of arc flash PPE

than

Figure 3: Not the

and using chapters and sections in compliance

of protection based on

the best information it had available at the time.

In 1996 arc

testing of fabrics also became available and showed that much of the flame-resistant clothing and PPE in use at that time would not provide the protection everyone thought it would.

A

significant

change

to

the 2009 edition was the elimination

of

Chapter

4,

lnstalhtion Sqfety Requirements, because it was a duplicate of

the

NEC

installation

requirements. Also, the 70E Committee noted that the NEC and NFPA 70E are on different revision cycles which could lead to confusion and misapplications.

Figure 4: 2004 Edition NFPA70E

Unfortunately, we still see people and companies use unmarked, unrated PPE and arc-flash clothing in the field as shown in Figure 3.

·

Arc

testing

NOMEX'M

showed

that

the

was good for about 20 cal/cm2, but

the polycarbonate face shield would melt onto the mannequins face at about 1.5 cal/cm2-probably

STANDARD

not the best outcome for someone involved in an arc-flash event.

2012 Edition

N PA 70E I---

double-layer

OSHA will cite companies for

using unrated, unmarked PPE and clothing.

It

must have an ATPV (arc thermal performance value) and meet ASTM F 1506 and NFPA 70E to be compliant.

The 2004 edition of NFPA 70E saw a major

Figure 5: 2009 Editio n

Figure 6: 2012 Edition

reorganization to the standard, eliminating parts

NFPA70E

NFPA70E

A 70E RETROSPECTIVE

NETAWORLD

•

1 1

THE NFPA 70E AND NETA One important focus of the 2009 cycle was to simplifY the language in the 70E and to

Research Project to see how their findings will

improve its usability.

affect our understanding of the arc flash hazard.

Sometime during the life of this edition, 70E

Don't sit on the sidelines.

became the second-best selling standard byNFPA.

NFPA

TheNEC continues to be their number one seller.

submit public inputs (proposals) for the next

The 2012 edition of NFPA 70E brought easier and simpler language to the standard, and also saw the hazard/risk category tables improved. The emphasis of the committee for this edition was to

edition.

website

Be a player.

Go the

(www.nfpa.org/nfpa70e)

and

Do your part to make 70E the best

electrical safety standard it can be and help protect yourself, your fellow employees, and maybe even your own children.

make it more user friendly and eliminate vague or

ZlliEIIII

unclear requirements. (See Figure 6).

Now the 2015 edition has been released.

STIIIIRI

Ron Widup and Jim White are NETA's

The

committee work is finished and the emphasis

F81 RRTIIUI. SAFm llll£ ftiiPLACr

again has been to clarifY the requirements. New task tables for arc-rated PPE have been accepted, and this column has noted how these tables will simplifY and enhance the use of arc-rated PPE and clothing. As is always the case, while some things will be an improvement, others maybe not so

Figure 7: 2015 Edition NFPA 70E

much; however, NFPA 70E is a living document.

It reflects the best opinions and research from a wide representation of the electrical industry.

NFPA has done an excellent job of maintaining a well-balanced committee, working to ensure that any one segment does not have undue influence on the balloting. (See Figure 7).

SUMMARY Is the 2015 edition ofNFPA 70E the best written so far? We believe so. Its language has been simplified and improved; many somewhat vague requirements have been clarified; and unneeded or outdated requirements have been removed. We are already discussing what changes might be appropriate for the 2018 edition.

That's the way it is on the committee. We know 70E will never be perfect, and we strive to improve it as our understanding of electrical safety continues to develop.

We are eagerly awaiting the results of the IEEE/

12

NFPA Arc Flash Phenomena Collaborative

•

WINTER 2014

representatives to NFPA Technical Committee 70E (Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces).

Both gentlemen are employees ofShermco Industries in Dallas, Texas, a NETA Accredited Company. Ron Widup is Ron Widup President of Shermco and has been with the company since 1983. He is a Principal member of the Technical Committee on "Electrical Safety in the Workplace" (NFPA 70E) and a Principal member of the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) Code Panel 11. He is also a member of the technical committee "Recommended Practice for jim White Electrical Equipment Maintenance" (NFPA 70B), and a member of the NETA Board of Directors and Standards Review Council. jim White is nationally recognized for technical skills and safety training in the electrical power systems industry.

He is the Training Director for Shermco Industries, and has spent the last twenty years directly involved in technical skills and safety training for electrical power system technicians. jim is a Principal member of NFPA 70B respresenting Shermco Industries, NETA's alternate member of NFPA 70E, and a memberofASTM FIB Committee ''Electrical Protective Equipmentfor Workers'�

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TECH QUIZ

No. 108 James R. (Jim) White is the Training Director of Shermco Industries, Inc., in Dallas, Texas.

He is the principal member on the NFPA technical committee “Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance” (NFPA 70B). Jim represents NETA as an alternate member of the NFPA Technical Committee “Electrical Safety in the Workplace” (NFPA 70E) and represents NETA on the ASTM F18 Committee “Electrical Protective Equipment For Workers”. Jim is an IEEE Senior Member and in 2011 received the IEEE/PCIC Electrical Safety Excellence award. Jim is a past Chairman (2008) of the IEEE Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW).

NFPA 70E

B Y J I M W H I T E , Shermco Industries

With this NETAWorld Journal’s focus on NFPA 70E, it’s only appropriate to have the Tech Quiz look at some of the finer points of it. I hope everyone scores 100% on this one.

1. In order to be considered a qualified worker, list

4. State the Limited and Restricted Approach

five demonstrated skills or knowledge required: a. ______________________________ b. ______________________________ c. ______________________________ d. ______________________________ e. ______________________________

Boundaries for the following voltages: a. 208 V Limited ___________ Restricted ___________ b. 480 V Limited ___________ Restricted ___________ c. 4.16 kV Limited ___________ Restricted ___________ d. 13.8 kV Limited ___________ Restricted ___________ d. 25 kV Limited ___________ Restricted ___________

2. How often does the 70E require retraining for

qualified persons? a. Every year b. Every 2 years c. Every 3 years d. Every 4 years e. Every 5 years 3. Using the given information, determine the

a. 60,000 A b. 54,500 A c. 42,000 A d. 37,500 A e. 25,000 A

14

•

WINTER 2014

5. When can an unqualified person enter the

Limited Approach Space? a. When continuously escorted b. When performing minor housekeeping duties c. They are never allowed within the Limited Approach Space d. When monitored by the site electrical safety compliance manager e. After the proper JSA and energized electrical work permits have been completed

TECH QUIZ

See answers on page 118.

approximate short circuit current available at a transformer’s secondary: Voltages: 13.8 kV to 277Y/480 V Impedance: 5% kVA: 2,500

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Industrial Electric Testing, Inc. £Îää{£äxÊUÊÓ{Ê ÕÀÊ iÀ}i VÞÊ-iÀÛ Vi

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TING ROTATING MACHINERY

BY VICKI WARREN, Iris Power LP

According to the NETA Acceptance and Maintenance Testing Specifications sections 7.15.1 and 7.15.2 for Electrical Testing of Rotating Machines there are three required tests: insulation-resistance, de withstand, and phase-to-phase stator resistance. The required tests of insulation­ resistance, polarization index (IEEE 43), and controlled de high voltage (IEEE 95) have been effective in evaluating certain aspects of medium-voltage (4 kV-13 kV ) global vacuum pressure impregnation (GVPI) stator windings; however, they have not proven adequate for determining whether or not the insulation system is well consolidated. As a result, there is some concern that the required tests are not sufficient for quality assessment (QA) of either a new or existing medium-voltage (MV ) winding. The NETA specifications include three optional tests: power-factor or dissipation-factor, tip-up, and partial discharge 1• See NETA World Spring 2014 and Fall 2014 for more information about the need for these additional dielectrics characteristic tests.

WINDING CONFIGURATION Initially, tie all three phase leads together to start the test. If the test results are unacceptable, then split the phase HV leads

•

WINTER 2014

and connect the sensor to each HV lead to further locate the problem (Figure 1).

TEST INSTRUMENTS There are basically two approaches: one is to use an instrument that performs all three tests simultaneously but requires an external ac power supply (Figure 2), and the other is to add PD testing to an existing DF/PF testing program where the DF/PF test provides the ac power supply (Figure 3).

TEST PROCEDURES Definitions

LV-low voltage, defined as value at 0.2E (E is defined as phase-to-ground (rms)) • HV-high voltage, defined as value at l.OE • Ll-change from LV to HV, defined as (HV-LV )/LV expressed in percentage • PDIV-Partial Discharge Inception Voltage, defined as voltage step at which PD appears and/or Cap, DF or PF are seen as voltage dependent (the knee) (Figures 4-8) • PDEV-Partial Discharge Extinction Voltage, defined as voltage step at which PD disappears and CAP, DF or PF are no longer seen as voltage dependent (below the knee) (Figure 8) •

TESTING ROTATING MACHINE

3-phase machine winding Single-phase high voltage AC test set ----

,-------��

1

I I I I

Machine

_J

___

Figure 1: Winding Configuration for Testing

Tests should be done with all three phases tied together with the coupler (AL, BL, CL)

Figure 2: Combined Test Instrument

Figure 3: Partial Discharge Test Added to a DF Test

Caution: keep all HV leads away from grounded leads

VOLTAGE APPLICATION Initial voltage (LV) is 0.2E o E is define d as phase-to-gr ound (rms) Target voltage (HV) is l.OE Steps going up are 0.2E Steps going down are 0.2E o Note that IEEE 56 recommends you go up to •

•

•

•

S o me

instru ments apply

voltage

in sh ort

incre ments and not in an increasing manner.

T his

may lea d t o variable results, as the

discharge activity within a void is erratic over the first few minutes of voltage application.

If at all possible, tests sh oul d be done with a

the maximum and record the levels, then go

c onstant voltage that is slowly steppe d t o the

down to the PDEV and then back up to PDN.

next voltage level.

NETAWORLD

•

STING ROTATING MACHINERY 700

1.05

6?8

•

1"

r1 /J )/ � �

696 694 ..

u

c

.f!

·u .. a.. .. u

692 690

l!ll=r� �=-

688

. -

. ___....--

·-

686

0.95

PhaseU c(nF) -PhaseV C(nFl Ph a seW C(nF)

...

c: a

0.90.85 0.8

-�

684 0.75

682 680

4

2

8

6

0

4

2

voltage (kV}

6

Figure 5: Dissipation Factor- PDIV

Occurs ,5.5 kV

(Knee) Occurs ,5 kV

AT E ACH VOLTAGE STEP

•

8

Cap/DF/PF at LV- measure of curing/ o Cap Lv- no recommendation

•

Actual voltage

•

Capacitance (Cap)

•

Dissipation factor (OF) or power factor (PF)

•

Partial discharge (PO)

o DF/PF LV- � 2% rewind and proposed

�3% on refurbishment [1] [2]

•

11 - measure of delamination o 11 Cap -- �

1 o/o [2] o 11 DF/PF -- � 1 o/o (note that this may

RECOMMENDED LEVELS

only be applicable to windings rated less than 7 kV) [1] [2]

As of now, there is no difference based on voltage class; however, there is some doubt

•

PDIV/PDEV > 0.5E measure of internal

about the relevancy of these acceptance levels

voids [2] [3]

for windings greater than 7 kV that will have

o PD v - check with PO

silicon carbide coating.

instrument H manufacturer for recommendations

-2048

l.l?n ]110M.

· ""

--1000

,__

�- �

UOn• JAOn�lJIOn-

-

,__

� ,..,.,.

a.

E <(

Tandd (5)

contamination

RECORD

0

Tand(%)

- PhaseW

voltage (kV)

Figure 4: Capacitance-PDIV (Knee)

Q:

Tand(%)

- Pl1aseV

0.7

.

0

- PhaseU

too

� �

t:

lADrl�

1.20nI.OOn·

-10

...,.. ...,.. oiOOplOOp....... ' •

..

,.

,

..

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,..

,..

,..

Figure 6: Emergence of Partial Discharge (PDIV)

•

WINTER 2014

-1

Figure 7: PDIV , J. O kVonly the Partial Discharge (Green/ Blue) Detected the Knee which Suggests an IsolatedProblem

TESTING ROTATING MACHINE TanDefta capacitance Qm Qapp

Tangens Detta/Partial Oisc.harge • Results

4.80: 4.60:

4.40: 4.20: 4.00: 3.80: 3.60-:'

3.40-:' � 3.10� "'3 oo-= �.. 1:80�: ... 1.60": 2.40.0 2.20.0 2.00� 1.80: 1.60� 1.40� 1.20� 1.00�

� I� � I�

..

-...-,---,-.-- UOE-9 -2.40E·9 8.440E-8 -.---,---,---,---,---,----,----.---.---.----,---,-A L .�--= ..,__ �"""' r'_... -+--1:1' =..lr-...

8.420E·8 .-'I- --+--+---+--+--f---+--+--t�2.20E· 9 -1.

9 E 8. E-8,.-::= 00 ...... �� ��� z;� /_ : =t=t=t=t=t=t=t� 8. 400 380E-s-3-r:= :2.00E·9 IV / rw ....� . � ::::::- :l.SOE-9 B.360E-s: �1.80E· 9 ---I---+--+-+ --+ --+--+-8.340E ·8 �} �f---+-: � .tJ.+--t:i w �--+-zP"--:.'If/ -1.60E-9 I .// './ 8.32 0E-s-: �1.60E-9 t- -� 1.40E-9 /+ ·,_ --i ��·' / -+--�w� - rr� c;: 8. 300E·8 �}----+--+--+--+----I--+-:j l---l.,_ /J.o< ,..'--t-:. �1.40E-9 ';; 8.280E·& :J---+--+--+--+--+--+-I---I--t---71'---..!

- h� / +il----11---1-/ / // -1.20E·9 .05 � 8.260E-8.

-UOE9 � i,#' '-Ai.l'"--+--+--+---t.OOE·9 0 f +--41./--lf 8.240E·8 �:1---+--+--+---+---+---li1 --l 0 t-� _, / ,__ f--f---t-� ; '+ � +--EI-� / � 8.220E·8 �f---+--+---+---t--+-/ / / / :l.OOE-9 I 8.200E-8 }o--+--+--+--+--+--++-�-t-:.f----hol'-""r,__--I---II ---- I---I----8 . 00E-10 �8.00E·l0 -�-­ ��--+t-+l#-� � � �� / --+-t 8.180�s .OI----I----+--+--+---+--f s. t60E·s.OJ--+--+--+--+---HJ ,_--!f--..,/YI� A' '-JI./ "----;---;---II ----I --I -I-- --5 . 00E·l O �6.00E-10 U40E·&;:I-- +--�-I----I-�'b-"'::l � /. '/ ":iof' r.(. .,. :;,.o<' / -+--!---t----+--+---t-- . E- 0 �4.00HO 8.120E-8 � ....t::, r_ �� �4 00 l .� '\..

-� B.tOOH� = = = �l.OOE-10 �2.00E-10 B.080E-s: 8.060E-8 .: ..

-O.OOE+O I:Q,OOf•Q i ./" -.

1 ...

1 1 500.00 l.OOk 1.50k 2.00k 2.50k 3.00k 3.50k C.OOk 4.50k S.OOk 5.50k 6.00k 6.50k 7.00k 750 . k

�� -....�-�� �� A'e� ��

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i

0

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1

1

1

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I

1

1

I

Volloge (V)

Figure 8: PDIVIPDEV at ::::3.1 kV (Note that the duplicate blue, green, red and black lines are from going up and then down in voltage.)

REFERENCES

Though these tests are referenced in other guides and standards, these are the documents that are actually proposing acceptance numbers.

1. IEEE 286-2000 Recommended Practice for Measurement of Power-Factor Tip-Up of Rotating Machinery Stator Coil Insulation. The recommendation is actually provided by the Doble Engineering Company.

2.

(Dec.

EPRI LEMUG Report 1016679 2008) Repair and Reconditioning

Specification for AC Squirrel-Cage Motors with Voltage Ratings of 2.3 - 13.2 kV.

3. IEEE 56-2012 (Draft) Guidefor Insulation Maintenance of Large Alternating-Current Rotating Machinery (10,000 kVA and Larger)

Vicki �rren, Senior Product Engineer, Iris Power LP. Vicki is an electrical engineer with extensive experience in testing and maintenance of motor and generator windings. Prior tojoining Iris in 1996, she workedfor the U.S. Army Corps of Engineersfor 13 years. While with the Corps, she was responsible for the testing and maintenance of hydrogenerator windings, switchgear, transformers, protection and control devices, development of SCADA software, and the installation oflocal area networks. At Iris, Vicki has been involved in using partial discharge testing to evaluate the condition ofinsulation systems used in medium- to high-voltage rotating machines, switchgear and transformers. Additionally, she has worked extensively in the development and design ofnew products used for condition monitoring of insulation systems, both periodical and continual Vicki also actively participated in the development ofmultiple IEEE standards and guides and was Chair ofthe IEEE 43-2000 Working Group.

NETAWORLD

•

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I I I

:e

V"\

BUILDING BRIDGES IN THE LAND OF THE GOLDEN GATE

BY KRISTEN WICKS, NETA

NETA members and Alliance panners came together

presentations of material prior to an open forum for

for meetings and networking in the beautiful hills of San

discussion from the floor. From this discussion, attendees

Francisco, California. Meetings took place over three days

transitioned into working groups that focused on specific

from September 11-13, 2014, following the Shermco

areas from which individuals were able to select various

andNETA cohosted hospitality suite at IEEE lAS PCIC.

technical subjects.

The NETA Board of Directors met on Thursday, September 12, followed by theNETA membership meeting on Friday, September 13, 2014. These two meetings were

filled

with

association

activity

and

program

progress updates.

NETA is working with its alliance committee to create more opportunities for NETA Corporate Alliance Program partners and NETA Alliance Partners to come together with NETA Accredited Companies. One of these opportunities occurred on Wednesday, September 10, at theNETA Alliance Panner event that featured an evening of technical discussion of best practices related to molded-case circuit breakers as well as some discussion ofNFPA NEC 70, Article 230.95C, and the desire to see ground fault

These technical

working

committee

subgroups

will

hopefully contribute to the creation of new materials for the association while providing quality interaction between important industry players from manufacturers, architects and engineers, contractors, electrical testing firms, and others. This type of meeting, combined with discussion and workshop, is a great way for people with differing perspectives to come together and gain insight and understanding about aspects of the electrical power systems industry with which they may not be exposed on a daily basis. NETA wants to help bridge gaps in knowledge and bring people together to better the industry as a whole. To learn more about the NETA

protection systems tested by means of primary current

Alliance Partner Program, NETA accreditation and

injection. NETA Accredited Members, current and

membership, and additional technical working session

prospective alliance partners, and corporate alliance

attendance opportunities, please contact theNETA office

partners were invited to the discussions that included

at www.netaworld.org.

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SAFETY CORNER

NFPA 708 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND ITS RELATION TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE

BY SCOTT BLIZARD, American Electrical Testing Co., Inc.

With the release of the new edition of NFPA 70E Standard

for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and additional changes brought forth throughout the standard, there will be an additional focus on condition of maintenance as it relates to safety of personnel. This article will focus on NFPA 70B,

Recommended Practices for Electrical Equipment Maintenance and how NFPA 70B works in conjunction with NFPA 70E. Consensus

standards

and NFPA 70B are

70E

In the 2015 Edition NFPA of 70E the

recommended best

like

NFPA

70E Technical Committee has added the

practices. As such, they are considered to

following:

be recommendations and therefore have

110.1 (A) "General. Informational Note No. 1:

no legal enforceability. However, because OSHA recognizes consensus standards such as NFPA70E and NFPA 70B, it will often cite these standards in the issuance of violations

28 • WINTER 2014

Safety-related work practices such as verification of proper

maintenance

alerting techniques,

and

installation,

auditing requirements,

and training requirements provided in this

and/or in the event of a workplace accident.

standard

Maintenance

part of an overall electrical safety program.

of

electrical

equipment

are

administrative

controls

and "

has such strong cause and effect directly

110.1(B)

related to electrical workplace safety, these

safety program shall include elements that

standards often reference each other.

consider condition ofmaintenance of electrical

"Maintenance.

7he

electrical

NFPA 708 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND ITS RELATION TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE

SAFETY CORNER equipment and systems.

For the first time,

any organization. The electrical systems that

condition of maintenance is required to

support all types of operations are the backbone

"

be part of the electrical safety program.

of

every

facility

'/Ire Flash Risk Assessment. (3) Take into consideration the design of the overcurrent protective device and its opening time, including its condition of maintenance. "

understand

the

130.5

"Informational Note No. 1: Improper or inadequate maintenance can result in increased opening time of the overcurrent protective device, thus increasing the incident energy. Where equipment is not properly installed or maintained, PPE selection based on incident energy analysis or the PPE category method may not provide adequate protection from arc flash hazards. " NFPA 70B has grown from a four-chapter document serving as an overview of an effec­ tive electrical preventive maintenance (EPM) program to the current version which consists of 35 chapters, 15 annex sections, and spans more than 270 pages.

NFPA 70B

The 2013 version of

covers topics from reliability­

centered maintenance (RCM) to personnel safety. In addition to the safety and fundamen­ tals of EPM, individual chapters cover topics such as substations and switchgear assemblies, power cables, motor control equipment, elec­ tronic equipment, molded-case circuit-breaker power panels, ground-fault protection, fuses, rotating equipment, lighting, wiring devices,

and

most

nuisance

organizations of

unplanned

operational interruptions.

With

proper

most

potential

planning

can be eliminated. prevent

for

electrical

electrical

maintenance,

system

failures

Maintenance cannot accidents,

but

it

can

reduce associated hazards in the system which could lead to injuries to workers if an accident does occur.

The

NPFA

70B, Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance, 2013 edition, is an invaluable resource for guidance on how to implement a maintenance strategy that will pay dividends on improved reliability and workplace safety.

Section 5 of the standard describes what an effective

electrical

preventive

maintenance

program is and outlines the essential elements of an EPM program.

It must ensure all

personnel implementing the procedures are trained on what constitutes electrically safe work environments.

5.1 Introduction.

An effictive electrical preventive maintenance (EPM) program should enhance safety and also reduce equipment failure to a minimum consistent with good economic judgment.

testing and test methods, cable tray and bus­

5.2 Essential Elements of an EPM Program.

way, uninterruptible power supply systems,

An EPM program should consist of the following essential elements: (1) Responsible and qualified personnel (2) Regularly scheduled inspection, testing, and servicing of equipment (3) Survey and analysis ofelectrical equipment and systems to determine maintenance requirements and priorities (4) Programmed routine inspections and suitable tests (5) Accurate analysis of inspection and test reports so that proper corrective measures can be prescribed (6) Performance of necessary work (7) Concise but complete records

power quality, grounding, electrical disaster recovery,

photovoltaic

systems,

electrical

vehicle charging systems, wind power electric systemsandassociatedequipmentandEPMfrom acceptance testing through maintenance. The annexes are a useful resource which contains inspection checklist, forms for inspection, test­ ing and repair recommendations, maintenance guidelines, long-term maintenance guidelines, recommended

maintenance

intervals,

and

reliability-centered maintenance guidelines.

Attention to maintenance of electrical systems is very critical to the reliability and safety of

NFPA 708 RECOMMENDED P RACTICES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUI PMENT MA INTENANCE AND ITS RELATION TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE

NETAWORLD

•

29

SAFETY CORNER 5.3 Planning an EPM Program.

11.27.3 Service Classifications and Related

The following factors should be considered in the planning of an EPM program.

(1) Personnel safety: Will an equipment failure endanger or threaten the safety of any personnel? What can be done to ensure personnel safety?

(2) Equipment loss: Is installed equipment - electrical and mechanical - complex or so unique that required repairs would be unusually expensive?

(3) Production economics: Will breakdown repairs or replacement of failed equipment require extensive downtime? How many production dollars will be lost in the event of an equipment failure? Which equipment is most vital to production?

Section 5 covers other essential parts of an

EPM such as personnel, surveys and analysis, program inspections, analysis of inspections, test reports, records, and training requirements.

Another important change in NFPA 70B is the implementation of a test or calibration decal system, as stated in the following:

11.27.1 General. After equipment testing,

device testing, or calibration, a decal on equipment, in conjunction with test records, can communicate the condition of electrical equipment to maintenance and service personnel. This can be important for assessing the hazard identification and risk assessment for electrical safety procedures as well as the condition of electrical equipment.

11.27.2 Decal. After a piece of electrical

equipment or device is tested and/or calibrated, a color-coded decal should be attached on the exterior enclosure of that particular equipment.

The decal should include thefollowing: (1) Date of test or calibration (2) Person or outside company who performed

the testing or calibration (3) Color coding indicating the service classification as described in 11.21.3

30 • WINTER 2014

The test or calibration decal system has a color code that communicates one of three service classifications in 11.27.3.1 through 11.21.3.3. (See Figure 11.21.3.)

Decal Color Codes.

11.27.3.1 White Decal: Serviceable.

If a device passes all tests satisfactorily and has met the requirements of the testing specifications, then a white decal should be attached to the device. This indicates that the device is electrically and mechanically sound and acceptable for return to service.

There could be some minor deficiencies with the equipment but none that affect the equipment electrically or mechanically to any large degree. Examples of deficiencies include evidence of slight corrosion, incorrect circuit ID, and nameplate missing.

11.27.3.2

Yellow

Decal:

Limited

If the device under test has a minor problem that is not detrimental to the protective operation or major design characteristics of that particular device, then a yellow "Limited Service" decal should be attached to the device. Examples of limited service classifications include indicating trip targets that don't function properly, slightly lower than acceptable insulation resistance readings, and chipped arc chute.

Service.

11.27.3.3 Red Decal: Non-serviceable.

If the device under test has a problem that is detrimental to the proper electrical or mechanical operation of that device, then a red "Nonserviceable" decal should be attached to the device. The nonserviceable decal would be attached to the device after attempts at field repair were made. Examples of nonserviceable classifications include: no trip on one or more phases, low insulation resistance readings, mechanical trip problems, and high contact resistance readings. In addition, management or the owner should be advised of this condition.

Annex L deals with maintenance intervals guidelines. (See the example of Substation (Outdoor) in Table L.l.)

NFPA 708 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND ITS RELATION TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE

SAFETY CORNER Table L. 1 : Interval Guidelines Item/Equipment

Interval

Task/Function

Reference

Substations (Outdoor)

Infrared scanning

Annually

11.17

Insulators

Visual inspection

4-6 months

15.1.2.1

Corona detection

4-6 months

15.1.2.2

Electrical tests

As indicated by other PM

11.9

Visual inspection of connections

4-6 months

15.1.3

Check connections for tightness

As indicated by other PM

15.1.3

Visual inspection

4-6 months

15.1.4.2

Operation check

Annually

15.1.4.3

Contact inspection

Annually

15.1.4.3

Conductors

Air-disconnecting switches

This

annex

provides,

in

Table

L.l,

an

potential failures before they occur.

initial guideline for maintenance intervals for equipment. It should be stressed that

IN CONCLUSION

environmental or operating conditions of

When

electrical equipment is

adequately

a specific installation should be considered

maintained, the risk of equipment failure

and might dictate a different frequency of

is

maintenance than is suggested in this annex.

enhanced safety in the workplace. Employers

NFPA 70B references manufacturers' rec­

strategy and employ the necessary components

ommendations and specifications from the InterNational Electrical Testing Association

significantly

reduced,

thus

providing

must determine and implement a maintenance of

the

selected

strategy.

A

maintenance

program is necessary to maximize electrical

(NETA). The data from the manufactur­

safety and ensure proper mechanical operation

ers is essential to ensure that equipment is

of the electrical equipment as well as the

installed and used in accordance with any

associated protection and control devices.

product limitations. The NETA specifica­

Utilizing NFPA 70B is a necessary tool in

tions are used for acceptance testing and pe­

developing an EPM program that will reduce

riodic maintenance testing to ensure system

failures in electrical equipment.

reliability and correct operation of electrical equipment. Acceptance testing verifies that the equipment functions as intended by the design specifications and provides a bench­ mark for comparing future test results. The comparison can identify any change in re­ liability or safety for the equipment being tested. Maintenance tests enable a company to verify the electrical equipment is working as designed, develop trending, and identify

Scott Blizard has been the Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. since 2000. During his tenure, Scott acted as the Corporate Safety Officer for nine years. In addition, he has over 25 years of experience in the field as a master electrician, journeyman, wireman and NETA Level IV Senior Technician.

NFPA 708 RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND ITS RELATION TO ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE

NETAWORLD

•

31

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I I I

:e

'-"

SWEETSATTHESUITE

BY KRISTEN WICKS, NETA

Shermco and NETA pair some of California's best offerings with solutions in electrical testing and maintenance at PCIC 2014 Attendees at IEEE lAS PCI C were treated to an indulgent

Kerry Heid, and Jim White of Shermco Industries

evening of decadent desserts featuring some of the area's

and Tony Demaria of Tony Demaria E lectric worked

best chocolates paired with local wines at the hospitality

together to present best practices and how to most

suite jointly hosted by Shermco and NETA. This elegant

effectively apply strategies that include safety-related

atmosphere was the background for conversations about how to meet the increasing demand for electrical testing and maintenance in the petrochemical industry.

Attendees were able to talk to NETA Certified Testing Technicians about how working with a NETA Accredited Company

(NAC)

can

aspects to electrical equipment maintenance. With condition of maintenance as a cornerstone of safety, there are many options and strategies that one can implement and follow from preventive maintenance ( PM), to predictive maintenance (PdM), to reliability­ centered

help

maintenance

(RCM).

manage the process of maintaining

Additionally, there are standards

the electrical power systems and

such

from using an NAC as a consultant an

testing

and

maintenance

program

to

in-house

ANSI!NETA

ance on best practices, as well as

in

manufacturers' instruction books

the NAC as a contractor

for their equipment. When you

to

provide

assessment

bringing

the

Maintenance Testing Specifications and NFPA 70B, Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance that provide guid­

equipment that are the backbone of this industry. Conversations ranged to help shape

as

services

from

through

comp­

combine

letion. NACs are able to work with clients to meet the specific demands of each unique installation within the operational parameters set forth by the client.

NETA also had a presence during the technical sessions

at PCIC with the presentation of Electrical Maintenance Practices for Safety: an Industry Update. Ron Widup,

these

resources,

the

combination does not necessary clearly

communicate

the

safety­

related elements. This tutorial clarified (with a focus on new or proposed requirements) what these standards are, for what they are intended, and how to effectively apply them. The differences between PM, PdM, and RCM and new requirements in the upcoming NFPA 70E that relate to condition of maintenance were also covered.

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TECH TIPS

As described by the National Electrical Code® (NEC®), effective grounding must include three elements. It shall provide a permanent and continuous path from structure or equipment. It shall have ample carrying capacity to conduct any fault current likely to be imposed upon it, and it shall have sufficiently low impedance to limit voltage to ground and facilitate operation of protective devices.

As described in the previous article , it is

will have different curves depending on the

recommended to have the grounding path and

number of poles and ampere ratings. The

circuit conductors housed within the same

multiple of the circuit breaker rating at which

metallic enclosure, or the metallic enclosure

it reaches its instantaneous pickup rating is the

itself may be used to provide the grounding

zero time delay in operation of that breaker.

path for the circuit conductors within.

The same process is applied to the selection of

Rather than specifYing a maximum impedance

36

•

appropriately rated fuses.

of the ground-fault circuit, the Code [250.4(A)

Clearing a short-circuit (fault from conductor

(5)] indicates that it should be sufficiently low

to conductor) is the same for grounded and

to facilitate operation of protective devices;

ungrounded systems and involves installing

i.e., the fuse or circuit breaker shall be able to

an overcurrent device in series with each

reach its instantaneous pickup operating range.

ungrounded

The overcurrent device will thereby operate

time may have to be as low as a fraction of a

system

conductor.

Clearance

quickly to remove the fault. Fault currents

cycle depending on the magnitude of short­

less than the instantaneous operating value

circuit current and the characteristics of the

will extend the opening time of the protective

device. High-interrupting capacity, current­

device. Manufacturers of fuses and circuit

limiting fuses accomplish this for virtually

breakers publish operating or trip curve charts

all ranges of short-circuit currents. Similarly,

(Figure 1). These charts serve the purpose of

current-limiting circuit breakers are available.

providing a convenient means for assuring

Underwriters Laboratories defines current­

that the ground-fault path has sufficiently

limiting as: "The term 'current-limiting'

low impedance to permit protective devices

indicates that a fuse, when tested on a circuit

to operate quickly and without heat damage

capable of delivering a specific short-circuit

to the circuit or equipment. Circuit breakers

current (rms amperes symmetrical) at rated

WINTER 2014

FAULT C LEARANCE ON GROUNDED NEUTRAL SYSTEMS

TECH TIPS voltage, will start to melt within 90 electrical degrees and will clear the circuit within 180 electrical degrees (1/2 cycle).”1 They also clarify that a fuse may not be current-limiting on a circuit of lower maximum available current.

The standard also defines current-limiting circuit breakers: “…one that does not employ a fusible element and when operating within its current-limiting range, limits the letthrough I2t (current squared time) to a value less than the I2t of a ½ cycle wave of the symmetrical prospective current. Currentlimiting circuit breakers are marked currentlimiting and are marked either to indicate the let-through characteristics or to indicate where such information may be obtained.”2 In addition to current-limiting circuit breakers, there are also circuit breaker current limiters. These UL describes as: “…designed in conjunction with specific circuit breakers and to be directly connected to the load terminals of the circuit breakers. They contain fusible elements which function only to increase the fault current interrupting ability of the combination which is intended for use in the same manner as the circuit breakers when installed at the service and for branch circuit protection. The limiters are rated 600 volts or less.”3 Because of the specific mating of these devices to protected circuits, it is vital to scrupulously adhere to manufacturer’s instructions when installing.

It is important to be aware of the inverse time nature of overcurrent devices. This means that as current increases, operating time decreases (the more potentially destructive the current, the more quickly it is extinguished).

Overcurrent devices see fault current at lower operating ranges as a load and do not react as quickly as at their current-limiting range.

Often, two or more circuit breakers or fuses are installed in series. Tested for operating compatibility, the manufacturer may have marked them with a series-combination rating.

In general practice, the device installed closest to the source is rated at or above available fault

FAULT CLEARANCE ON GROUNDED NEUTRAL SYSTEMS

Figure 1: Circuit Breaker Operating Curve current at the terminals while the downstream overcurrent device is rated below fault current.

This practice helps isolate the faulted circuit only without taking out circuits connected upstream. For such installations, equipment must have been tested for suitability to such configurations. This is determined by manufacturer’s identification of components on decals located on the devices.

Time-current characteristic curves for fuses reveal that at currents of five to six times the fuse rating, clearing times are down to about one second. Increase the current to fifty times rating and clearance is less than one cycle.

High-interrupting capacity, current-limiting fuses can, therefore, effectively limit current at values as much as fifty times rating. Placing an overcurrent protective device at the source of supply will provide short-circuit protection for the conductor. Finally, conductors are

NETAWORLD NETA WORLD

•

37

protected in accordance with rated ampacity

[240.4(G)].

Ground fault clearance is determined by the impedance of the circuit and the available short-circuit

current

circuit

however,

here,

of

the is

system.

much

The

different

than that of a short circuit. In this case, the impedance of the ground-fault circuit can be high enough to become the controlling factor for current flow. The available capacity of the system is no longer the determining factor as it is in a short-circuit fault, but rather its ability to maintain full voltage. A relatively large voltage drop must be tolerated in the grounding conductor. A useful rule is that the impedance from the point of fault back to the transformer should never be higher than would allow a minimum current flow of about 600 percent of the protective device

-=- ._

_ _

_

_

_________

_.-=-

ure 2: Service Conductor Grounded to Service

rating. This should overcompensate for the variable impedance that may result from the point of fault. Even with a comparatively low

2000 ampere overcurrent device and a fault current of 12,000 amperes (600 percent), clearing time will be less than a second. This is generally satisfactory if hazards are kept to a reasonable minimum.

The service entrance is especially vulnerable to ground faults because there is no overcurrent protection on the incoming line. This is protected only by the utility transformer's short circuit protection on the primary, which can be many times the rating of a secondary overcurrent device. Overload protection is provided by the overcurrent device in series with the service-entrance conductors at the load end, and is required by the NEC to be outside the building or at least nearest the point of entry of the conductors into the building [230-70(A)(l)]. If a ground fault does not develop on the load side, it can only be cleared by the transformer's primary fuse which can be many times the rating. Often this

-=-._

, ________ _____

_.-=-

results in the fault only clearing by burning itself clear or developing into a short circuit.

re 3: Service Conductor Not Grounded to Service

The NEC requirement, then, limits the risk of having conductors with no protection inside a

•

WINTER 2014

FA(jtf etEARANeE ON GRB(jNDED NEU7'RAL SYSFEMS

building. If equipment on the line side of the

determined by the surrounding earth. The

service entrance is not properly bonded and a

fault current must travel through the earth

properly-sized main bonding jumper in place,

to the neutral ground at the transformer,

it is unlikely that enough current will pass to

then through the transformer and back to the

clear the fault through protective devices on

service and the overcurrent device to the point

the line side of the utility transformer.

of the fault.

The neutral of a grounded system serves to

As all the series impedances are added up,

energize loads at line-to-neutral voltage and

this circuit is unlikely to have an impedance

carry unbalanced current back to the source.

of less than 22 ohms. For the circuit as

It also provides a low-impedance path for

described,

the

maximum

current

would

fault currents to facilitate the operation of

be 5.5 amperes. With a typical 100 ampere

overcurrent

for

service and 20 ampere overcurrent device,

neutral

the circuit protection would not operate and

voltage

devices.

Whether

requirements or

not,

needed the

still must be connected to the equipment

a serious shock and fire hazard would exist,

grounding conductor at the service [250-

for minutes and possibly even days. Imagine,

24(C)]. On a balanced load and carrying no

finally, that the remote but possible situation

load current, the neutral is still serving a vital

of the transformer and electrical system being

role in fault clearance as a grounded conductor.

grounded to the same water pipe system

It provides a low-impedance path directly to

existed. The resistance of the fault path would

the transformer. A fault current is not required

be greatly reduced, but because of the wide

to travel through the earth, as the grounded

separation in distance, reactance and therefore

neutral will allow sufficient current flow to

impedance of the fault circuit would still be

operate the protective device. In parallel, the

high. The fault current might still not reach

grounding electrode and earth still operate as

a level to operate overcurrent devices and the

a fault-current path, but typically 90 percent

shock hazard remain.

or more of the current returns through the grounded neutral (Figure 2). This configuration

REFERENCES

is essential for circuit protection even when

1

the neutral is not required to serve the load.

In situations where the neutral is required to serve the load, it must be remembered to size the neutral not only against the load but also include the fault current and overcurrent

Underwriters Laboratories Electrical Construction Materials Directory Guide Card QCQR)

2

Ibid. ((DIVQ)

3

Ibid. (DIRW)

Source of information: Int'l Ass'n ofElectrical Inspectors (IAEI)

Soares Book on Grounding

protection requirements.

What is the situation in the case where there is no grounded neutral? Consider a 120/240V single-phase grounded system where the load is supplied at 240. A grounding conductor from the load is properly connected to a grounding electrode

and

bonded

to

the

equipment

grounding conductor. But the neutral is not carried into the service equipment, as all

]iffrey R. Jowett is a Senior Applications Engineer for Megger in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, serving the manufacturing lines ofBiddle,Megger, and multi-Ampfor electrical test and measurement instrumentation. He holds a BS in Biology and Chemistry from Ursinus College. He was employedfor 22 years with james G. Biddle Co. which became Biddle Instruments and is nowMegger.

power utilization is at 240 volts (Figure 3). If a ground fault should occur, voltage between equipment and ground will rise, often to a dangerous level. The fault path consists of the impedance of the fault, then the grounding conductor and the grounding electrode, as

FAULT CLEARANEE ON GROUNDED NEUTRAL SYSTEMS

NETAWORLD

•

39

NETA WELCOMES GROUNDED TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AS A NETA ACCREDITED COMPANY Founded in 2001 by Jody Medina as a small, solution­

edge base that combines over 50 years of electrical

oriented third-party testing company serving Den­

field experience.

I I I

ver, Colorado, and its surrounding areas, Grounded

trusted partnerships with quality contractors and

=e

Technologies, Inc. ( GTI) has grown into a trusted

manufacturers, which has allowed us to be a part of

member of the testing community not only in Colo­

many exciting projects over the years. With member­

'-"

GTI has worked hard to establish

rado, but throughout the United States. With our

ship in place, our team is eager to embrace the many

newest milestone of proudly becoming an accredited

benefits NETA has to offer and to become an active

member ofNETA, GTI looks forward to further so­

participant in theNETA community.

lidifying its relationships with the mission critical, hospital, oil and gas, and commercial markets.

The GTI staff has an electrical infrastructure know!-

Please visit us at www.groundedtech.com, or email for more information at info@groundedtech.com. We look forward to working with you.

GROUNDED til TECHNOLOGIES I

N

C

O

R

P

O

R

A

T

E

D

Independent Electrical Testing and Preventive Maintenance

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609-890-8300 www.easternhighvoltage.com ( : .VSK +YP]L 9VIIPUZ]PSSL 51

NO-OUTAGE CORNER

BY DON A.

GENUTIS, Halco TestingServices

Introduction It's not unusual for someone to ask Which Technology is Better, Infrared or Partial Discharge?

Certainly, both technologies are valuable, and answering the question is not very easy. This article will examine some of the strengths and weaknesses of each technology and will, however, attempt to provide a fair evaluation of both technologies 1n order to decide which technology is the winner.

INFRARED TECHNOLOGY

in the United States. Understanding of this

Our readers are very likely to already be quite

technology is not nearly as widespread as

familiar with infrared (IR) technology and

the understanding of infrared. PD testing

especially applying IR surveys on electrical

techniques essentially detect signals emitted

systems. IR essentially allows the technician to

from

show the heat emitted from an object on the

failing insulation creates several

camera's viewing monitor.

signals, bur primarily electromagnetic and

For electrical systems, the heat is often caused due to a poor connection. The poor connection

Partially types

of

Medium- and high-voltage insulation failure

has greater resistance and heat is generated in

occurs due to compromises in the electrical

accordance with the FR formula. Therefore,

field which can be caused by a number

current is the culprit. When using IR technology

of things including, but not limited to,

we are looking for problems with conductors.

poor

Conductor heat generation is proportional to

environmental contamination, and internal

the square of the current and is not voltage

voids from inadequate manufacturing processes.

dependent so IR technology works well on

Voltage stresses at the local compromised areas

equipment at all voltage levels.

of the insulation will partially breakdown

PARTIAL DISCHARGE TECHNOLOGY Partial

•

failing insulation.

ultrasonic emissions are the easiest to detect.

or

42

partially

(PD)

is a much

mechanical

damage,

spark, thus creating the resulting signals.

The purpose of the insulation is to keep the separated phases of an electrical system from newer

contacting each other or ground. Therefore,

technology in regards to field applications

PD is related to voltage magnitude. In general,

WINTER 2014

discharge

workmanship,

IR VS. PD AND THE WINNER IS ...

NO-OUTAGE CORNER the greater the voltage the more difficult it

can potentially lead to a large-scale disaster but

becomes to create and maintain insulation.

since infrared has been used so frequently over

Typically, 600 volt clas and below equipment

the years, the problems that are being detected

does not have high enough voltage present

today are less severe overall. Since PD is focused

during normal operation for PD to occur; thus

on medium- and high-voltage equipment,

PD techniques are limited to medium-voltage

which is usually more critical to operations,

and higher applications.

the impact will generally be much more severe.

In the following, we will compare IR with PD in some of the more important categories.

No Outage-This one is a tie, both technologies are performed during normal operation and do not require an outage.

Eas e of Use-Both technologies are fairly easy to use but both can get a bit tricky at times.

Since IR has been utilized longer, technicians have been exposed to more training and more field applications than PD. Edge to IR.

Data Interpretation-Again edge to IR. IR training and usage has helped technicians get through the early misinterpretation of reflections and other false positive diagnoses.

Correct application of PD techniques must include the ability to distinguish noise from

PD and this requires training.

S aftry-IR requires the removal of covers in

Edge to PD.

Statistics-Some statistics indicate that up to 30 percent of electrical failures are caused by loose connections. However, these statistics were largely derived decades ago. If a facility has been performing annual infrared scans for many years, there isn't the amount of overall problems present as there once was. IR, as expected, has taken a bite out of electrical problems statistically. Stop performing IR, and these statistics will again rise.

Other statistics indicate that around 90 percent of medium-voltage

equipment failures

are

due to PD activity. It's remarkable that some facilities will perform annual IR inspections on medium-voltage switchgear and never find a problem, while overlooking a technology that will likely detect 90 percent of failure symptoms. Big advantage to PD for medium­ and high-voltage equipment only.

order to perform the inspections. NFPA 70E requirements and IR viewing ports have made

CONCLUSION

this work much safer, but PD inspections do

As we can see from above, IR detects current­

not require cover removal and are therefore

related problems while PD detects voltage­

generally much safer. Advantage to PD.

related problems, and both technologies are

Equipment voltage cl ass-PD is effective only on medium- and high-voltage equipment, while IR also works well on low voltage equipment.

However, IR does not detect the prominent failure mode for medium- and high-voltage equipment (PD).

Slight edge to IR since PD

isn't effective on low voltage equipment.

very valuable for providing early warning prior to failure. One technology simply cannot do what the other one does and, therefore, cannot be directly compared. The two technologies are actually complementary, and both techniques should be regularly

used

as part of

any

maintenance program.

Equipmentop eratingconditions-PD is effective

Don A.

as long as voltage is present. IR could miss a

Carnegie-Mellon University. He has over

potential problem if a circuit happens to be off

30 years of electrical testing experience. Don

or lightly loaded. Slight edge to PD.

Genutis holds a BSEE from

serves as President of Halco Testing Services based in Los Angeles, California.

Value (R OI)-This is a difficult category to rate since the cost of a failure can vary considerably on a case by case basis. Certain types of failures

IR VS. PD AND THE WINNER IS ...

NETAWORLD

•

43

[H]i g h W}o ta ge

service

Electrical Testing-Safety-Engineering

I I I

:e

V"\

NETA WELCOMES HIGH VOLTAGE SERVICE AS A NETA ACCREDITED COMPANY High Voltage Service helps prevent and solves electrical power problems through electrical engineering, electrical testing, preventative maintenance, repair, replacement, and power system analysis on either a routine or an emergency basis. The company's mission is to provide the highest quality electrical power solutions while maintaining a focus and responsiveness to clients electrical power needs.

High

Voltage

Service

has

partnered

with

our

customers, from Fortune 500 companies to utilities,

implementing a regular electrical system maintenance

to solve problems. High Voltage test technicians are

schedule. In emergency situations, High Voltage Service

members of IBEW

( International Brotherhood of

Electrical Workers ) St. Paul localllO.

responds quickly to get electrical power operations back up and running.

High Voltage Service offers a systematic and safe

To ensure safety and reliable results, our technicians

approach to electrical services. Capabilities include

follow a proven, step-by-step approach to electrical

transformer services, switchgear services, electrical

troubleshooting and preventative maintenance. Our

equipment maintenance, electrical testing, repairs,

NETA Certified Electrical Test Technicians are some of

replacement, and circuit breaker remanufacturing.

the best trained and most qualified professionals in the

High Voltage Service can help prevent downtime by

electrical power industry.

Construction, Acceptance Preventative Maintenance Emeraency Repairs

@

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flectrical Testing Services Include:

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I

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AVO TRAINING The following company was inadvertently omitted

those with conventional

from the list of Corporate Alliance Partners that

insulating mediums.

offered

demonstrations

at

their

exhibit

booths

throughout the PowerTest Trade Show. (See pages

Programmable Logic

106-109, NETA World, Summer, 2014.)

Controllers

AVO Training, one of the seven NETA Corporate Alliance

Partners,

participated

in

the

Industry

Leadership Exchange at PowerTest 2014.

the

types of

Maintenance & Troubleshooting This course program

and

will

provides

the

troubleshoot

the

foundation PLC

to

system

resulting in less downtime and increased uptime.

In keeping with AVO Training's philosophy of offering

Jlv'O

electrical safety training

Infrared Thermography Level I

courses that industry and utilities require, the

This training course will benefit the student who has

following new course subjects were added to the

a desire to learn the basics of infrared thermography

over 50 courses currently available at the institute.

These courses include:

The AVO Training Difference •

Circuit Breaker Maintenance

-

SF6

•

This course covers all elements of SF6 circuit breaker maintenance from routine inspection to major

•

HANDS-ON SKILLS YOU CAN USE TODAY HIGHLY EXPERIENCED NSTRUCTORS INDUSTR Y RECO GNIZED TRAINING

overhaul. Instruction includes the hazards involved

NETA wishes to thank AVO Training Institute for

in working with SF6 gas as well as the important

participating in the New Product Forum and exchange

differences

of knowledge and ideas at PowerTest 2014.

between

SF6

circuit

breakers

and

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I I I

:e V"\

NETA WELCOMES BEC TESTING AS A NETA ACCREDITED COMPANY BEC Testing has been serving Long Island and the New

BEC Testing believes that its customers should not have

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trical systems operating trouble-free and in the back­

cated to advancing the industry's standards for power

ground. BEC Testing's accreditation with NETA makes

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BEC Testing is proud to join the prestigious

liable, safe working environment and keep facility costs

ranks of NETA Accredited Companies and looks for­

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STERSPEC® -

DIVISION 26 ELEaRICAL SEaiONS TO INCLUDE

CC

DTED C Sl/ E1�

BY JILL HOWELL, NETA AND MICHAEL A.

HEINSDORF, ARCOM

T wo organizations collaborate with the shared vision of advancing the quality of construction safety and reliability. NETA and ARCOM* are working cooperatively to enhance electrical testing requirements in the electrical specifications of The American Institute of Architects'

(AlA)

MasterSpec® master specification system . Over the next several years, the MasterSpec electrical library, currently consisting of approximately 80 sections, will be reviewed and updated to include detailed testing

Standard for Acceptance Testing Specificationsfor Electrical Power Equipment and Systems (ANSIINETAAT S). requirements from the ANSIINETA

*MasterSpec is published by ARCOM for 1he American Institute ofArchitects.

NETA and ARCOM recently met at ARCOM's biannual

MasterSpec

Committee (MERC)

Engineering

Review

for

provide

engineers

with

clear

specifying

electrical

acceptance

testing without requiring further research or

on July 26, 2014. MERC is comprised of eight

definition. Accordingly, the Quality Assurance

practicing electrical engineers who, using their

article of MasterSpec electrical sections will

over 200 years of combined experience, review and

be revised to include the option of hiring a

advise ARCOM on electrical specification sections.

testing agency and will state: "Testing Agency

to inserting NETA testing requirements into MasterSpec testing

and

discussions, certain

to

discuss

organizations

qualifications.

Following MERC

agreed

ANSIINETA

appropriate

and

for

the

AT S

how

to

address

test

technician

these

in-depth

that

including

electrical

equipment

tests

described

in the specification would be valuable to the electrical engineers who use MasterSpec.

This

•

options

to

electrical review meeting

MERC met with NETA to finalize an approach

50

MasterSpec

collaboration

WINTER 2014

with

NETA

will

Qualifications: Accredited by NETA." ARCOM made the decision to reference NETA Accredited Companies directly rather than including testing agency and test technician qualifications due to ARCOM's recognition that NETA Accredited Companies, by their accreditation, inherently provide the quality specifications required for acceptance testing. By specifying testing agencies accredited by NETA, the specifying engineer or contractor is specifying an independent, third­ party testing agency and is not required to further

allow

validate qualifications.

AlA MASTERSPEC®

A RCO M further clarifi e d that the MasterSpec electrical sections will provide the specifying engineer with the following options relative to electrical acceptance testing: •

1.4

Testing by a testing agency

Coordinate

accredited by NETA •

•

INFORMATIONAL SUBMITTALS "Qualification

Data''

Paragraph

below with qualification requirements in Section

Testing by the manufacturer's field

0014000 "Quality Requirements" and as may be

service personnel/department

supplemented in "Quality Assurance" Article.

Testing by the contractor

A.

�alification Data For [manufacturer­ authorized service representative] [testing

The engineer will now be able to choose from

agency]

multiple testing options depending upon the project. For projects that require complex

1.6

testing, there are clear instructions on how

Retain "Testing Agency Qualifications" Paragraph

to

below if Contractor is required to provide

specify

and require

a testing

agency

accredited by NE TA .

MASTERS P EC DIVISION 26 TESTING L ANGUAGE UPD ATES AR E NOTED BELOW PART I-GENERAL contains testing agency qualifications and submittal requirements for test reports. Note that blue text is instructions for the specifi e r.

AlA MASTERSPEC®

QUALITY ASSURANCE

services of a qualified testing agency in "Field Quality

Control"

Article.

Qualification

requirements are in addition to those specified in Section °014000 "Quality Requirements." See the Evaluations for discussion of NETA ATS and manufacturer's testing procedures.

A.

Testing AgencyQualifications: Accredited byNETA.

NETAWORLD

•

51

NEWS PART 3-EXECU T ION contains the Field Quality Control article that describes who does the

Paragraph below.

D.

testing and the tests to be performed. This is where selected tests and inspections derived from Sections

service representative].

7.1 through 7.25 of the ANSI/NETA ATS will be inserted into each of the Division 26 specifications.

E.

N ote that blue text is instructions to the specifier.

3.7

Retain

F IELD QUALI TY CON T ROL

Retain one of first four paragraphs below.

Retain first "Testing Agency" Paragraph below and delete the remainder of this article if Owner will hire independent testing agency. Delete "Field quality control test reports" paragraph in "Informational Submittal" Article. Delete 'Tests and Inspections" Paragraph below.

A

Testing Agency: Owner will engage a and inspections. first

"Testing

Agency"

Paragraph

below to require Contractor to engage an independent

testing

agency.

Retain

reports"

paragraph

quality control

test

"Informational

Submittal"

Article.

"Field in

Retain

"Tests and Inspections" Paragraph below.

B.

Testing Agency: Engage a qualified testing agency to perform tests and inspections.

Retain "Manufacturer's Field Service" Paragraph below to require a factory-authorized service representative to perform tests and inspections.

Retain "Field quality control test reports" paragraph in "Informational Submittal" Article. Retain "Tests and Inspections" Paragraph below.

C.

Manufacturer's Field Service: Engage a factory-authorized service representative to

test

and

inspect

components,

assemblies, and equipment installations, including connections.

•

test

requirements

combination

of

Evaluations

for

below

paragraphs discussion

with

any

above.

See

tests

and

of

inspections and the NE TA ATS. In the Evaluations, a well-researched document that accompanies each MasterSpec section and describes the products covered in the section, ARCOM will insert the following paragraph to tests and inspections from ANSI/NETA ATS into the specification:

The InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) develops and publishes the ANSIINETA Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems (ATS). The tests and inspections described in ANSI! NETA ATS help identifY damage that may have occun-ed during shipping, verifY correct installation, and test both components and the entire system to ensure correct operation. Tests and inspections applicable to the equipment described in this section have been included in Part 3 of the section. Only those tests directly applicable tofield testing equipment described in the section have been included, and the format and language has been altered to match MasterSpec.

Review NETA ATS to ensure inclusion ofthe proper test procedures on both system and component levels and coordinate with Part I of the section, other sections, and Division 0I. Consider reviewing the scope of testing with a third-party testing agency for complicated installations or to verifY the testing scope.

In the coming months, ARCOM will work with NETA representatives on each of the MasterSpec

electrical

sections

as

they

are

Retain "Perform the following tests and inspections"

updated. NE TA representatives attending the

Paragraph below to require Contractor to perform

meeting with MERC included David Huffman

tests

52

Tests and Inspections:

inform the engineer about the incorporation of

qualified testing agency to perform tests

Retain

Perform the tests and inspections [with the assistance of a factory-authorized

and

inspections.

Retain

"Field

quality

of

Power Systems Testing Company, Lorne

control test reports" paragraph in "Informational

Gara of Orbis Engineering Field Services, and

Submittal" Article. Retain "Tests and Inspections"

Jill Howell of NE TA.

WINTER 2014

AlA MASTERSPEC®

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Easy to use controls. Pr test sequences & manual contr XBEE® wir downloading data and for unlimited test report capture, wireless computer interface to control and download Tan Delta diagnostics and for remote control operation via laptop.

The TD-34E, along with the HVI VLF-34E AC hipot, is the latest in design using current electronic technology. Together they permit the user to perform all VLF and VLF-TD tests possible and offer the best wireless operation and data collection, aided by the HVI custom application software written solely for the two devices.

There is no better alternative. HVI has been supplying the world with VLF and Tan Delta technology since 1998, with more models, greater voltage range, and higher power capability, all with the superior sales and service that HVI is well known for worldwide.

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A PRAC TICAL GUIDE TO WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, AND WHY IT SEEMS THAT EACH YEAR BRINGS WITH IT MORE OPPORTUNmES TO ATTEND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EVENTS REGARDLESS OF THE TYPE OF INDUSTRY IN WHICH ONE WORKS. People to

love

stretch

the

their

ability

legs,

trade

in their desk for some face­ to-face

networking,

expand

their

and

horizons

in

ways that aren't part of the day-to-day

landscape

of

telecommuting, webcasts, and conference

calls.

While

in

theory this presents plenty of places

to interact with and

learn from peers and experts, time remains a constant and limiting factor in the equation of fitting continuing education into a year of productivity.

Until someone invents a way to increase the

number

of

hours in a day, selecting a conference that is the perfect fit is a great way to make the most out of conference attendance. There are some basic questions one can use to narrow down the options. Who is hosting and attending the event? What topics will be discussed? When is the event taking place, and does it fit into my schedule? Where is the event taking place? Why should I attend? Employers want to avoid the lost productivity caused when their best people are sitting in classrooms without learning something that will increase productivity when they return. By asking and answering the five W's, one can see that it is possible to strike a balance between time, money, and quality.

ATTENDING POWERTEST: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, AND WHY

NETAWORLD

•

55

This event is targeted for engineers, chemists, and others responsible for reviewing data to interpret laboratory results to detect and identify problems with electric apparatus. The seminar will be interactive, combining theoretical background with practical experience and hands-on examples including case studies to illustrate common problems found in the field.

While classroom settings and interaction are valuable for honing in on specific topics, there is a lot to be said for the old-fashioned networking done with drink in hand. The PowerTest trade show, hospitality suites, and PowerBash are prime locations to make new connections with potential clients and suppliers, get answers to

• 100+ TOP-TIER VENDORS

• 30 TWO-MINUTE NEW PRODUCT PRESENTATIONS

• 8 HOSPITALITY SUITES

• 27 45-MINUTE TECHNICAL PRESENTATIONS • 4 PANEL SESSIONS • 1 SYMPOSIUM • 4.5 HOUR TRADE SHOW

• ENDLESS NETWORKING • POWERBASH BANQUET AND AWARDS CEREMONY • NEW! DOBLE ONEDAY LABORATORY SEMINAR

tough issues facing one in the field, and forge bonds that hold up across the miles in day-today life. Many attendees find that even without competing events during the networking opportunities, there is a shortage of time when it comes to this often-overlooked benefit of attending PowerTest.

MARCH 2-6, 2015

WHEN

New this year is the Doble One-Day Laboratory Seminar co-hosted with NETA on Friday. NETA and Doble have a long history of working together, with many NETA Accredited Companies utilizing Doble equipment and services on a daily basis. Doble has a reputation as an industry leader and contributes regularly to NETA by contributing to NETA World and giving presentations at PowerTest. It seemed like a natural progression for NETA and Doble to build on this strong foundation, and the result of their efforts is showcased in the newlyminted Doble One-Day Laboratory Seminar on Friday, March 6, 2015, following the regularly scheduled PowerTest events taking place earlier in the week.

• 5 DAYS OF EDUCATION

WHAT?

Exploring Technology Developments over the Past 20 Years with Tom Sandri, Shermco Industries, to Relay Troubleshooting 2.0 with Dave Costello and Karl Zimmerman, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. Even after in-depth sessions conclude, it is not unusual to see speakers continuing their conversations over coffee while jotting down formulae and diagrams on cocktail napkins.

WHEN AND WHERE? For many people winter’s colder temperatures are motivation to get out of Dodge and find a sunnier spot to work for a while. PowerTest 2015 will take place in the heart of Music City, Nashville, Tennessee at the Renaissance Nashville Hotel on March 2-6, 2015. While it may not be flip-flop weather, attendees can be assured that they won’t have to walk uphill through the snow both ways as all events will take place in the hotel and the adjacent convention center. Attendees can even take a line item out of their budgets for food and entertainment with breakfast being catered each day, luncheon opportunities on Monday

ATTENDING POWERTEST: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, AND WHY

NETAWORLD NETA WORLD

•

57

2015

P@WERTEST CONFERENCE

for alliance partners and members and Tuesday at the trade show for everyone, and hospitality events at night like the pre-conference event, hospitality suites, and PowerBash. There is always an abundance of coffee, water, and soda available to stave off the afternoon slump that

RENAISSANCE NASHVILLE HOTEL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE

can occur from eating a little more than usual.

PowerTest is all about perks when it comes to taking care of the conference-goers' comfort and well-being. After all, it's hard to learn when you're hungry.

•

REGISTER ONLINE AT WWW.POWERTEST.ORG

•

CALL 888.300.6382 (NETA)

WHY? Hopefully by now you are asking yourself, "Why not?" PowerTest offers a diversity of material presented by subject matter experts to an audience of individuals whose jobs encompass a range of responsibilities, but who are united by their dedication to the electrical power systems industry.

These

people are brought together in an engaging atmosphere with endless opportunities to listen and learn as well as interact with peers both in and out of technical sessions.

As

the

classic

"Airfare-$587.

commercial Hotel

says,

room­

$225. Overpriced grande caramel macchiato from the hotel lobby including a tip for the barista who spelled your name correctly on the cup-$8. Energizing your future at PowerTest-Priceless."

58 • WINTER 2014

ATTENDING POWERTEST: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, AND WHY

Early Bird Registration

Now Open!

Featuring: • Technical Presentations: Electrical Safety, Reliability, Equipment, Electrical Commissioning, Relays • Safety Summit • Panels: Electrical Safety, Transformer, Testing Methodologies, Medium-Voltage Equipment • In-Depth, Four-Hour Seminars • Networking with Industry Leaders

Renaissance Nashville Hotel

MARCH 2–6, 2015

BANG FOR YOUR BUCK In addition to the complimentary social events, there are also some opportunities for more interaction at the Member and Alliance Partner Luncheon on Monday, the PowerBash Awards and Banquet on Tuesday, the Spouse/Guest Lounge, and the preconference event following the Member and Alliance Partner Meeting on the Sunday preceding PowerTest. There are nominal fees associated with these events to assure that everyone has a seat and ample food and beverages are provided. All are welcome at PowerBash and the Spouse/Guest Lounge.

Attendance at a chili cook-off, second line parade, murder mystery dinner, pub crawls, and scavenger hunts are a few ways PowerTest attendees have broken the ice during past preconference events.

There is no shortage of entertainment as people get to know each other a little better on the sidewalks of the host city. In 2015 Nashville should provide lots of boot-scootin’ and boogying, so get ready to line up for some dancing to stretch your legs before the hard-core learning begins on Monday.

GOLD ALLIANCE PARTNERS ENJOY ADDITIONAL BENEFITS, SUCH AS COMPLIMENTARY REGISTRATION EACH YEAR AT POWERTEST. FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE ALLIANCE PROGRAM, TURN TO PAGE 66 OR VISIT THE NETA WEBSITE AT WWW.NETAWORLD.ORG.

The Spouse/Guest Lounge is a cozy area that offers a place to meet, grab some snacks, and post plans for excursions. This year people who purchase the pass can opt in to share their contact information with other guests to make sure everyone is included in daily activities.

Shopping, cooking classes, and tours of the local area are usually on the docket, and the best part is that activities are directed by participants so everyone has a chance to help plan the day or can just go along for the ride.

SOCIAL NETWORKING OLD-SCHOOL STYLE

N E T W O R K I N G O P P O RT U N I T I E S SUNDAY, MARCH 1ST—PRE-CONFERENCE EVENT MONDAY, MARCH 2ND—MEMBER AND ALLIANCE PARTNER LUNCHEON MONDAY, MARCH 2ND—HOSPITALITY SUITES TUESDAY, MARCH 3RD—TRADE SHOW TUESDAY, MARCH 3RD—POWERBASH ONGOING—SPOUSE/GUEST LOUNGE, BREAKFAST, COFFEE BREAKS

The Member and Alliance Partner Luncheon on Monday is another social event combined with a lot of technical information. Each year a series of technical topics are selected to be discussed over lunch. Table leaders take notes, which are then passed off to moderators who present the discussion points during dessert. Lunch closes with the presentation of the Alliance Recognition Award and the Outstanding Achievement Award, and everyone usually gathers for a group photo on the way to their afternoon sessions.

The member and alliance events are open to all attendees who are either NETA Accredited Company members or alliance program partners. The alliance partner program is a fee-based program that is open to individuals interested in NETA, and requires no application process or credentialing.

NETAWORLD NETA WORLD

•

61

PowerBash on Tuesday following the trade show is a mid-week pause to look back at the first two busy days and recognize all of the people who work so hard to make PowerTest an incredible event. The best of PowerTest with awards for each technical track, the best overall presentation, the best of the trade show, and best of the hospitality suites are all given a well-deserved round of applause and a nice award as a small token of appreciation for their generous donation of time and talent. It is also the midway point for attendees who registered for additional seminars on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday.

Whether you are a social butterfly or more of a wall flower, you would be hard-pressed to avoid having a good time while you are at PowerTest.

T H E R E ’ S A N A P P F O R T H AT NETA is certainly an organization that honors tradition and believes in building

knowledge based on a firm foundation of electrical theory even when there is technology available that takes the slide rule out of the picture. It’s safe to say that some people approach social networking the same way, adding some Facebook time as a perk to the face time they get at meetings and events like PowerTest. It may be old school, but it’s nice to know that not all friendships live and die by the like button.

When planning your PowerTest experience, be sure to add networking opportunities to your personalized schedule in the PowerTest App, available as a free download in the iTunes App Store for Apple and Google play for Andriod. A new feature this year, the App will display names and company affiliations of attendees so people can be sure to connect in person while they are at PowerTest. No matter your preferred method of networking, be social, share!

P O W E RT E S T A P P • FREE DOWNLOAD • ITUNES APP STORE FOR APPLE AND GOOGLE PLAY FOR ANDROID • ABSTRACTS, SPEAKER BIOS, TRADE SHOW FLOOR PLAN, AND MAPS • SCHEDULE-AT-A-GLANCE • PERSONALIZED SCHEDULE AND FAVORITE OPTIONS • REMINDERS AND PUSH NOTIFICATION OPTIONS • BOOKSTORE INFORMATION • SURVEYS • SPONSOR INFORMATION • SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS

62 • WINTER 2014

SOCIAL NETWORKING OLD-SCHOOL STYLE

so many ways

to co ect!

Sunday, March 1, 2015, 5:30-8:30 PM Come experience a unique side of Nashville! Enjoy four Music Row watering holes, listen to Nashville’s up-and-coming artists, learn line dancing, or take center stage to display your own chops during karaoke. Let’s crawl, Y’all! $155 per person.

Ne

Monday, March 2, 2015, 5:00-6:00 PM Learn about the latest products and innovations, major expansions, and significant improvements by the leading industry-specific manufacturers and suppliers at the Tuesday Trade Show. Stay until the end for the chance to win an exclusive prize!

Hospitality Suites

Monday, March 2, 2015, 6:00-10:00 PM Mingle with a host of leaders at Monday night’s Hospitality Suites. Talk with experts, find solutions for your business, and catch up on the latest products and services as each sponsoring company shares its own brand of hospitality.

PowerBash 2015

Tuesday, March 3, 2015, 5:30-8:30 PM Dinner and drinks are highlighted by an awards presentation that acknowledges the best of the best at PowerTest. Each year, PowerTest attendees have the chance to vote for their favorite presentations, Hospitality Suites, and Trade Show booths. RSVP when you register for PowerTest to reserve your seat! $25 per person.

Accompanied by a spouse or guest? Include them in the fun by adding either a Spouse/Guest Pass or Social Pass to your conference registration.

Stocked with refreshments, information on local restaurants, shops, tours, and attractions, the Gathering Lounge allows guests to connect and enjoy Nashville together or on their own. The pass also includes a tour of the Grand Ole Opry, access to the Hospitality Suites, the Trade Show, and PowerBash. $75 per person.

Want to keep it simple? Forego the tour and lounge that are included in the Spouse/Guest Pass and instead add the Social Pass for guests who want to attend Monday evening’s Hospitality Suites and Tuesday’s Trade Show and PowerBash. $40 per person.

Sign up for social networking events when you register for PowerTest:

Online at powertest.org/registration OR Zq [Yddaf_ l`] F=L9 g^Ú[]2 000&+((&.+0*

March 2-6, 2015 K^gZbllZg\^ GZlaobee^ Ahm^e GZlaobee^% M^gg^ll^^ ppp'ihp^km^lm'hk`

CONFERENCE

THE NETA CORPORATE ALLIANCE PROGRAM KEEPS GAINING MOMENTUM IN ITS SOPHOMORE YEAR AND WILL BE CELEBRATED ON THE SPOTLIGHT STAGE AT POWERTEST 2015.

The corporate alliance program establishes a

education and in sharing their findings and

network to exchange information across representative

knowledge across the industry.

segments from all facets of the electrical power industry,

whereby

new

ideas,

research,

and

strategies can be shared to improve quality, safety, and reliability. These corporate partners support NETA Accredited Companies in many

ways

but are very distinct in their differences from companies that are NETA accredited.

•

for

the

NETA

Corporate Alliance

Program

partners to present product information and technological advances to NETA Accredited Company members, individual alliance partners, and conference attendees at the Power Test Trade Show. Many trade show attendees stop in to listen

Corporate partnerships begin with an invitation

and learn about technological

from

during each 15-minute presentation. Attendees

NETA

identified

64

Each y ear, PowerTest provides an excellent forum

as

to

companies

supporting

that work

have of

been

advancements

NETA

at PowerTest 2015 can expect to interact with

Accredited Companies. Companies invited to

the NETA Corporate Alliance partners listed on

join the alliance program have demonstrated

the facing page. Be sure to stop by the Spotlight

their commitment to research and development,

Stage during the Trade Show-you will be glad

advancing technology, improving services, or

y ou did!

WINTER 2014

NETA CORPORATE ALLIANCE PARTNERS IN THE SPOTLIGH T

Coming Soon to the

Spotlight Stage!

12:30 PM – 12:45 PM

WEIDMANN Electrical Technology Smart Insulation, the Software Side - Getting to Optimum Transformer Performance

Spotlight Stage Presentations Tuesday, March 3, 2015 During the PowerTest 2015 Trade Show in the exhibit hall.

1:00 PM – 1:15 PM Megger TDS NT Series: Very Low Frequency (VLF) and Partial Discharge (PD) testing solution

1:30 PM – 1:45 PM Intellirent Safe and Smart Cable Testing

Join NETA’s

Corporate Alliance Partners

2:00 PM – 2:15 PM AVO Training Institute, Inc. The Changes in NFPA 70E 2015 and What it Means to You

as they share insights and best practices on the Spotlight Stage at PowerTest 2015.

2:30 PM – 2:45 PM Circuit Breaker Sales One Stop for Your Electrical Needs – The CircuitBreakerStore.com

3:00 PM – 3:15 PM Electro Rent Test Equipment Problems and Solutions in the Field

3:30 PM – 3:45 PM Doble Engineering Company In-Service Partial Discharge Testing: The Right Tool at the Right Time

4:00 PM – 4:15 PM ComRent Load Bank Solutions Insights and Best Practices for Load Bank Testing

4:15 PM Door Prize Drawing

For more information about the NETA Corporate Alliance Program:

Visit www.netaworld.org/corporate-alliance-partners OR call 888.300.6382

March 2-6, 2015

Renaissance Nashville Hotel Nashville, Tennessee

To view the Trade Show floorplan, please visit: www.powertest.org/exhibition/floor-plan www.powertest.org

Hosted by

®

ALLIANCE PROGRAM

Energize Your Future with Alliance Gold!

Plan to Join us at PowerTest 2015!

Become a NETA Gold Alliance Partner today and receive: Complimentary PowerTest 2015 Registration Complimentary ANSI/NETA ANSI/NETA Standard

Additional Benefits: Discounted Wednesday and Thursday PowerTest PowerTest Seminar Prices Invitation to NETA Member and Alliance Partner Meeting (Sunday preceding PowerTest) Invitation to NETA Member and Alliance Partner Luncheon (Monday at PowerTest) 20% Off Additional NETA publication purchases 20% Off NETA Online Training and SPTS Courses NETA World Journal – Annual Subscription NETA Alliance Newsletter – Annual Subscription Place Press Releases in Alliance Newsletter

Enroll Now and Attend PowerTest 2015!

Nashville, Tennessee

March 2 - 6, 2015 Visit www.powertest.org or give us a call at 888-300-6382 (NETA)

CONFERENCE

EXPANDS LEARNING

NETA AND DOBLE HAVE A LONG HISTORY OF WORKING TOGETHER, WITH MAN Y NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES UTILIZING DOBLE EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES ON A DAILY BASIS. Doble has a reputation as an industry leader and

•

contributes regularly to s and through presentations at Power Test. It seemed like a natural progression for

•

•

Establish the correct method of analyzing the moisture-in-oil results

newly-minted Doble One-Day Laboratory Seminar co-hosted with NETA on Friday, March 6, 2015,

Detect the presence of incipient-fault conditions and categorize them

NETA and Doble to build on this strong foundation and the result of their efforts is showcased in the

Find out how to assess the condition of the paper insulation

•

Study the significance of dissolved and

following the regularly scheduled Power Test events

particulate metals and other particle

taking place earlier in the week.

contamination found in electrical apparatus •

The Doble Laboratory Seminar is designed for engineers, chemists, and others responsible BE SURE TO EXTEND YOUR HOTEL ESERVATION THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT AND REGISTER FOR THIS EXCITING EVENT ONLINE AT WWW.POWERTEST.ORG OR CALL THE NETA OFFICE AT 888.300.6382.

for reviewing data to interpret laboratory results to detect and identify problems

Presentations include: •

background with practical experience and

•

•

•

•

•

•

Learn about the quality of oils on the Discover how knowing about the aging

Learn how to take oil samples, avoiding

Oil Quality Tests, Meeting Specification

Condition Assessment of Load Tap Changers and Oil Circuit Breakers Using Laboratory Oil Tests

help extend the life of assets common pitfalls and saving time and money

Dissolved and Particulate Metals in Oil

Results Mean •

characteristics of insulating materials can •

Determination of Solid Insulation Life

and In-Service Requirements, W hat the

market today •

Water, Solubility, Relative Saturation and

through DP and Furans

the field.

Participants will:

Explosive Gases in Oil and Personnel Safety Importance in Insulation Systems

hands-on examples including case studies illustrating common problems found in

DGA and Interpretation of Dissolved Gases in Oil

within electric apparatus. The seminar will be interactive, combining theoretical

Understand how to determine the condition of electrical apparatus using laboratory tests

•

Sampling of Dielectric Liquids and Its Impact on Test Results

by sampling only once •

Diagnose apparatus problems with dissolved gas-in-oil analysis

68

•

WINTER 2014

NETA EXPANDS LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES AT POWERTEST

We put the we in Empower

Get empowered with Doble.

Hear from the Doble team throughout the week at PowerTest 2015 and visit us at booth 421!

PLUS: Register for the Doble One-Day Laboratory Seminar co-hosted with NETA on Friday, March 6, 2015.

And learn more about Doble’s diagnostic test equipment at www.doble.com/NETA

For nearly a century, Doble has been amassing an unprecedented amount of knowledge and experience. We’re sharing it with our partners and customers through products, services and learning programs. We make sure you have the tools and information you need to ensure power system safety and reliability.

Empowering the industry with services, solutions and unmatched knowledge.

ti o b i h x E

DON’T MI

THIS O ORTUNITY

TO SHINE!

MARCH 2–6, 2015

The Premier Electrical Maintenance and Safety Event

s r

NFPA 70E 2015 is here.

Enroll today to be up to date on all its significant changes and experience the avo training difference.

AVO

Every 3 years the NFPA 70E Standard is updated to keep people safe by reducing exposure to major electrical hazards. Per OHSA standard CFR 1910.331-335, any person working on, near, or around electrical equipment is exposed to a hazard and must be trained to the level of their exposure to the hazard.

With this year’s update comes important changes that you need to be aware of to not only stay compliant, but to avoid injury and possibly death. Our new NFPA 70E 2015 Electrical Safety Course not only gives you the training and information you need, but allows you to get it from the most experienced experts in the industry. When it comes to staying safe from the dangers of electricity, you want to get the best training available – contact us today or sign up online.

W

WWW.AVOTRAINING.COM/70E2015 877-594-3156

PART 2: What Should Be in an Electrical Safety Program?

BY DON BROWN, Shermco Industries

This is the second in a three-part series in the creation of an electrical safety program (ESP). Part 2 will discuss what should be included in a company-specific ESP. Part 1 addressed the need for a company specific ESP. Part 3 will explain the implementation process of your newly created program.

A complete electrical safety program consists of

Energy, and NFPA ?OE-2012, 7he Standard for

many parts. Some of the components of an effective

Electrical Safety in the Workplace.

electrical safety program are safe work practices, including the need for an energized electrical

TRAINING

work permit,

personal protective equipment,

Training must be identified for each person that

training requirements, and insulated tools We will

will be exposed to the hazards of electricity, whether

be discussing these in a broad overview of each

that person is a qualified electrical worker, or

category. Keep in mind that it is essential that the

someone that is not generally going to be working

safety program be based on your site-specific needs

on the electrical components, but may be exposed

as were ourlined in Part 1 of this series.

to the hazards in the normal daily work. There are different classifications of electrical hazards such as

INTRODUCTION

shock, arc flash and arc blast. These hazards must be

This section includes the purpose for the ESP;

addressed in the individual's training requirements.

the scope of the policy; the responsibilities

Keep in mind that a person can be trained to a

of the employer, employees, and contractors; disciplinary

procedures

for

noncompliance;

auditing; and documentation. It should also include a list of all of the referenced documents

specific level of qualification on some equipment but not be qualified to work on other equipment.

Once

the

training

is

finished,

it

must

be

that are a part of the electrical safety program.

documented. Documentation is a key component

These can be ASTD, IEEE, NFPA, and ANSI

of the electrical safety program as far as being

standards as well as references to applicable

able to prove that someone has had the necessary

portions of the OSHA regulations. The referenced

training for a particular job. There are many ways

sections should be called out specifically, such as

to document the training that an individual has

29CFR1910.147-7he

taken. It can be in the form of the class sign in

Control of Hazardous

MAKE YOUR ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM YOUR OWN PART 2: WHAT SHOULD BE IN AN ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM?

INDUSTRY TOPICS sheet, a copy of the course completion certificate if awarded, or computer tracked identification badge log-in. The correct information must make it to the individual's personnel file or training file to show that the student attended the course.

Just as important as documenting the training is documenting the content of the class that was completed. NFPA 70E 110.2(E) Training Documentation states "The documentation shall contain the content of the training, each employee's name and the dates of the training." The "content of the training" means not just a short description of the course, such as safety training, but what information was covered in that training session.

The last part of the training documentation outlined in NFPA 70E 110.2(E) states "This documentation shall be made when the employee demonstrates proficiency in the work practices involved and shall be maintained for the duration of the employee's employment." Broken down into two parts, the main topic here is the "demonstrates proficiency'' section. To demonstrate, one has to "explain workings of something; to explain or describe how something works or how to do something; show validity of something; to show or prove something clearly and convincingly."

And proficiency is defined as "mastery of a specific behavior or skill demonstrated by consistently superior performance, measured against established or popular standards." Put very simply, that means that one has to prove that they have mastered a particular skill set by performing that skill. This also means that one cannot demonstrate proficiency by taking a written test or taking a class on line. Once the demonstration is done, the documentation is completed and the record placed in that person's training or personnel record for the duration of their employment.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AND VOLTAGE-RATED TOOLS We are all aware that personal protective equipment is required, but how much is really needed, and do we have to wear it all? There is a simple answer to this question, and it goes like this. You need to wear all of the PPE that will protect you from all of the hazards you will

face in a given situation, every time. If there is no chance of electrical shock, but there is the possibility of an arc flash, you must wear arc rated clothing to protect you to the level of that arc flash. If there is no possibility of an arc flash, but there is the potential for an exposure to shock, you have to be protected from the shock by wearing the proper protective insulating clothing, whether that is rubber insulating gloves with leather protectors, rubber insulating sleeves, or installing rubber insulating blankets over the exposed energized parts. And in many cases, you may be required to wear clothing and PPE that will protect you from all of these hazards. That means that you need to do a hazard assessment as well as a risk assessment for each potential hazard and provide the proper level of PPE for each worker to wear based on that hazard.

Personal protective equipment can range from rubber insulating gloves to arc-rated clothing to arc-rated faceshields and hoods. Also required is that the workers be provided with electrically insulated tools and equipment for the work to be performed. Voltage rated tools such as screwdrivers, wire strippers, wrenches, and socket sets are fairly common things to provide to each worker. Many of those tools can be used in daily activities. However, equipment such as hot sticks, shotgun sticks, and personal protective ground sets also fall into this category. These are the types of tools that are specialty tools and need to be identified for a specific job task, unlike insulated hand tools.

EEWP An Energized Electrical Work Permit (EEWP) is required any time that work is performed on electrical equipment that has not been placed in an electrically safe work condition and work is performed within the Limited Approach Boundary or the Arc-Flash Boundary. This does not include basic testing and troubleshooting.

However it does include repair and installation of equipment while energized.

There are a number of requirements for inclusion in an EEWP. Some of these are the description of the circuit or equipment to be worked on, the justification for working on energized equipment, a

MAKE YOUR ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM YOUR OWN PART 2: WHAT SHOULD BE IN AN ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM?

list of the specific safe work practices to be employed while working, the results of the arc-flash and shock-hazard assessments, methods used to limit access to the area while work is begin performed, documentation of holding a job briefing, and last, but by no means least, the energized work approval which should be signed by the responsible manager, safety manager, or facility owner. Each of these requirements must be documented on a single form (multipage, if necessary), and signed by that person responsible for the work. The document should be succinct enough to make it a user­ friendly document, but detailed enough to include all of the listed information. General forms such as the one included in Annex J of the NFPA 70E are a good starting point, but the document needs to be site-specific enough to cover the requirements of the facility.

SAFE WORK PRACTICES A strong case can be made that safe work practices include all that has been described previously-and with good reason. These are all part of the safe work practices outlined in the NFPA 70E. What is being discussed in this part of the article is the actual work that is being performed, lockout/tagout, testing, troubleshooting, selection ofPPE, and all potential emergency responses or emergency action plans that need to be addressed.

The best and safest way to protect from the hazards of electricity is to engineer out the hazard during the design phase of a project. If you can totally eliminate the hazard, then everyone would be safe. Is that always possible? No. However, there are ways to minimize the hazards that are faced.

One way is to control the hazardous energy using correct lockout!tagout procedures. There is not enough time or space in this article to address all of the requirements for an electrical lockout/ tagout of a piece of equipment. We will leave that for another time. Just keep in mind that it is not always possible, for reasons that will vary from facility to facility and from company to company, that electrical equipment may not be able to be de-energized and locked out. This is when good, safe work practices come into play. Looking at the equipment that needs to be worked on, one must look at not only the electrical hazards that

he or she faces, but other potential hazards such as falls, other equipment operating in the area, other people working in the area, and many others.

There will be times when a worker faces multiple hazards in a work environment. The authority having jurisdiction may grant special provisions to allow the worker to wear clothing that is not arc­ rated, provided that it can be shown that the level of protection is adequate to address the arc-flash hazard (NFPA 70E-2012, Article 130.7 (C)(12): Exception 2). That does not give permission to ignore the shock- or arc-flash hazard. Those hazards must still be addressed. F or example, this addresses the issue of work being performed in an area that may require such PPE as respirator protection.

Not only is the person performing the work required to be protected, but the other workers in the area of the work must be protected as well.

There are many ways to protect other workers.

One of the best ways to protect others is by communication. Keep everyone informed of the hazards of the work being done on equipment while energized. Another way is to set barricades to limit, or prevent, access by unauthorized and unqualified workers. If you can keep others from coming into the area where work is being done, that will help protect them from the hazards, as well as keeping the worker doing the work from being distracted while working.

We could go on for a long time discussing safe work practices when it comes to working on or around electrical equipment. However, if you approach it from the perspective that you should look for a way that you could get injured while working, then take whatever precautions necessary to prevent that injury from happening, you will be well on your way to a safe work day.

CONCLUSION These items are by no means the only components of an electrical safety program. These are meant to be building blocks for your specific program.

As we mentioned in the first part of this series, you need to have your electrical safety program custom tailored to your company, then to your individual facility. Since some companies have multiple locations, there is no one way to address

MAKE YOUR ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM YOUR OWN PART 2: WHAT SHOULD BE IN AN ELECTRICAL SAFETY PROGRAM?

each and every situation throughout the company.

and put it on a shelf It will do you no good there.

There can be a corporate electrical safety policy,

Keep your workers safe.

but each facility must have an individual program at that location. Some facilities may have mobile equipment such as cranes and forklifts operating, while others may not. Some may have control of the substations that power their buildings while others may not. And some companies may have instances when workers could be in remote

The next and final article in this series will discuss how to implement the safety program that you have just created. We will put all of the pieces together and show you how to make it work for you, as long as you keep it in front of your workers.

locations with no one around. These issues are company and facility specific and must be addressed as such. At the end of the day, it comes

Don Brown is the Senior Programs

to this - where are you working, who are you

Developer for Shermco Industries in Irving, Texas. He has been in the electrical industry for over 40 years and has been implementing and training electrical saftty for the last 15+ years. Mr. Brown just completed his certification through NFPA as a Certified Electrical Saftty Compliance Proftssional (CESCP). He has written electrical saftty programs for large data centers, petrochemical facilities, and manufacturing facilities, and is in the process of updating many of these to include the upcoming changes in the NFPA 70E- 2015 Edition.

working with (if anyone), what are the hazards you are working around, and how are you going to control those hazards. If you cannot address these simple items, you have some work to do. If you have addressed these, you are on your way to a safe work environment.

One thing to remember: Your electrical safety program is a living, breathing document that needs to be used daily. Don't create a program

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INDUSTRY TOPICS

Figure 2: Phase-to-Ground Arcing

out,

standards necessary for safety. Keep these

especially if they are not properly maintained

components

will

ultimately

wear

very important thoughts in mind as we

over the lifecycle of the system. But don't

continue on with the discussion.

worry! If you take precautions when the system is new (perform acceptance testing and commissioning), and then continue to properly maintain the components and the system throughout their useful life you can be assured of many years of safe and reliable

operation.

Not

doing

so

and

the results can be dire at the very time you need the equipment to operate at peak performance (see figure 2).

Found the

within

2014

the

edition

purpose

section

of

of

NEC,

the

the

standard states: 1. "The

purpose of this

Code is the

practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity." [Article 90.1 (A)]

2. "This Code contains provisions that

So electrical equipment is critical and the proper performance is key, but how do

are

considered

necessary

for

safety."

[Article 90.1(B)]

you assure yourself it will work? Well, you

So you have a new building or an installation

don't have to look too far as the industry

that has a GFPR as part of the service

has basically figured it out, and already

entrance. You want to make sure you protect

has requirements in place that get us most

your people and your property, and you

of the way there, such as language found

want a high degree of certainty that it will

within the NEC®.

perform as intended and as designed. Well

Early on, both industry and the NFPA established

two

very

important

criteria

then how? It's really quite simple, actually:

MAKE SURE ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE

when dealing with electrical equipment:

TES"nNG OF THE GFPR SYSTEM HAS

safeguarding of persons and establishing

BEEN COMPLETED BEFORE ENERGIZATlON!

PERFORMANCE TESTING OF GROUND FAULT PROTECTION SYSTEMS

NETAWORLD

•

77

INDUSTRY TOPICS TESTING AND COMM I SSIONING BEFORE EN ERGIZA T I O N The acceptance testing of components and the electrical commissioning of a system is critical to safety and reliability. There are many things that can

go wrong with the installation, especially when

it comes to a GFPR system. From the experience of having actually tested and commissioned literally hundreds and hundreds of GFPR's, we know that some of the more common problems found prior to, and sometimes well after, initial energization are •

Incorrect wiring from the current sensor to the GFP relay

•

Indicating lamp failure

•

Defective or misapplied current sensors

•

Improper bonding and/or location of the neutral link connection

•

coordinated correctly

While the NEC is clear in that the ground-fault

shall be pqformance tested,

what is missing (in the author's opinion) are the words "and shall be conducted by primary current injection."

•

Control power circuits nonexistent or defective

•

Defective GFPR control modules

•

Main switch/disconnect that will not open

As stated above, the GFPR must be tested as a system, and the only way to completely test the unit

on ground-fault signal

as a system is to inject primary current through the main bus or current sensor, through the secondary

CT wiring, into the ground-fault protection

As it relates to providing a safer application, and as an electrical maintenance testing provider, the frustrating part about nonfunctioning or out­ of-tolerance GFPR systems is that the problems are very easily found and corrected in the field simply by applying comprehensive performance testing techniques, yet so many times the complete performance testing tasks are not done. Often, the push to test button is deemed acceptable as a complete test, when in fact it is not.

module, and into the main disconnect switch shunt trip device.

If you plan the process and execute a comprehensive performance testing plan for GFPRs, there is a large number of performance-related failures that can

be uncovered during the performance testing

activities. As stated earlier, the problems range from relatively minor modes of failure, such as an indicating lamp not functioning to major modes of failure, such as no trip under primary fault

NEC® say about performance

testing of ground-fault protection systems? Let's start in Chapter 2, Article 230, Services section of the 2014 Edition of the NEe, specifically Article

230.95(C) Perfimnance Testing which states:

78 • WINTER 2014

with the equipment. A written record of this test shall be made and shall be available to the authority havingjurisdiction (seefigure 3). protection system

Pickup and delay settings not established or

What does the

Figure 3: Field Testing ofGFPR

current conditions.

Ground fault systems are not limited to components, but rather, they are a complete system that must be validated and performance tested as a zystem if the owner and theAuthority HavingJurisdiction (AHJ)

(C) Peiformance Testing. The ground-fault

are to be assured of a properly functioning ground

protection system shall be perfimnance tested when first installed on site. The test shall be conducted in accordance with instructions that shall be provided

fault protection system. Many of the instructions provided with ground fault protection systems only address one main component, the protective

PERFORMANCE TESTING OF GROUND FAULT PROTECTION SYSTEMS

INDUSTRY TOPICS relay, and only require a push to test simulation that

3. Perform insulation resistance test on all control

does not verifY that the other essential components

wiring with respect to ground.

are operational and interconnected correctly.

potential shall be 500 volts de for 300-volt rated

The push to test function, because it is not done by primary current injection, does not completely

Applied

cable and 1000 volts de for 600-volt rated cable.

Test duration shall be one minute. For units with solid-state components or control devices

verifY nor validate the performance of the primary

that cannot tolerate the applied voltage, follow

sensor, the current transformer windings, the

manufacturer's recommendation.

control wiring, and the control power. Nor does it address the location and connection of the main neutral bonding jumper. Because of this it puts the owner at risk of a nonfunctioning ground fault protection system, increasing the possibility

4. Perform ground fault protective device pickup tests using primary injection.

5. For summation type systems utilizing phase and neutral current transformers, verifY correct

of extensive equipment damage and fires when

polarities by applying current to each phase­

subjected to ground-fault conditions.

neutral current transformer pair. This test also

The procedures for performance testing of both newly-installed

and service-aged ground fault

protection systems is recognized by industry

applies

to

molded-case breakers utilizing an

external neutral current transformer.

6. Measure

time delay of the ground fault

under the national consensus testing standards

protective device at a value equal to or greater

ANSIINETA

than 150 percent of the pickup value.

AT S-2013,

Acceptance

Testing

Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution Equipment and Systems[3] and ANSI/NETA MT S-2011, Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution

7. VerifY

reduced

control

voltage

tripping

capability is 55 percent for ac systems and 80 percent for de systems.

8. VerifY blocking capability of zone interlock

Equipment and Systems (see figure 4).

As an easily-executed field test procedure for the

systems.

performance testing of ground fault protection systems,

industry standard

procedures

(from

NETA) dictate the following electrical tests .. . and of special note is item No. 4. While it is not the author's intent to add all of the industry consensus standard procedures listed below as NEe requirements, item No. 4 is highlighted as a normal and recognized practice for performance testing in the field

of ground fault protection

systems. Excerpts from NETA ATS-2013, Section 7.14, Ground-Fault Protection Systems, Low- Voltage; Electrical Tests are as follows:

1.

Perform resistance measurements through bolted connections with a low-resistance ohmmeter, if applicable, in accordance with Section 7.14.1.

2.

Measure

the

insulation

resistance

system

neutral-to-ground with

the

neutral

disconnect link temporarily removed. Replace the neutral disconnect link after testing.

Figure 4: ANSI/NETA ATS-2013

PERFORMANCE TESTING OF GROUND FAULT PROTECTION SYSTEMS

NETAWORLD

•

79

INDUSTRY TOPICS IS IT REALLY THAT CRITICAL?

If you don't think ground-fault relays are that

There are many reasons why you need your

important, come along on one of the projects I'm

ground-fault protection system to function properly,

sure we will have in the upcoming months that

and one of the real dangers of a nonfunctioning

require equipment repair and replacement due to

GFPR system is an arcing ground fault .... especially

an inoperable ground fault protection relay . . .

one that occurs below the pickup levels of the upstream overcurrent protective devices, which can

REFE RENCES

create a condition that causes extensive damage to

1. Bussmann;

property and can possibly injure personnel.

Selecting Protective Devices Handbook (SPD)

Based on the 2014 NEC 2. National Fire Protection Association; NFPA 70, National

NETA provides guidance on what to do to perform acceptance and maintenance tests on ground-fault protection systems in the field, and the NFPA, in addition to the performance testing requirements found in Article

Electrical Code, 2014 Edition 3. InterNational Electrical Testing Association, ANSIINETA ATS-2013, Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for

Electrical Power Equipment and Systems

230.95(C) the NEe, offers

additional guidance in Article 225, Article 708, and Informative Annex "F", which even further highlights the need to test these critical components in industrial and commercial power systems.

Ron Widup is President of Shennco and has been with the

company since 1983. He is a Principal member ofthe Technical Committee on "Electrical Safety in the Workpl£lce" (NFPA 70E) and a Principal member of the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70) Code Panel 11.

He is also a member ofthe technical committee

So forego the push-to-test button and test your GFPR as

a system by primary current injection as detailed in

the NETA testing standards to provide peace of mind that the system will work when called upon.

"Recommended

Practice

for

Electrical

Equipment Maintenance" (NFPA lOB), and a member ofthe NETA Board ofDirectors and Standards Review CounciL

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CON DITIO

BY JIM WHITE, Shermco Industries

NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace,

is a national consensus standard that provides specific guidance to personnel to assist them with electrical safety-related work practices.

There is no doubt that, based on the tide and the focus of the standard, these objectives are met within the pages of the document.

However, over the last three rev1s10n cycles,

within an electrical power system, especially the

and especially this past revision cycle, questions

overcurrent protective devices, such as circuit

have been raised and concerns voiced about

breakers, protective relays, and even fuses, are

the impact maintenance and testing can have

not maintained to consensus standards and/ or

on the electrical power system and, more

manufacturer's specifications, what impact will

importantly, personnel safety.

that have on workers operating, servicing, and

If components

maintaining such systems?

For those of us in the testing and maintenance industry the direct correlation of equipment performance to safety performance is obvious.

Most of us have seen the results of malfunctioning electrical equipment. While it is fairly rare, when it does happen it can make quite a mess. Figure 1 shows the total destruction of a 13.8 kV lineup

of switchgear at an industrial facility. The short circuit [fault] cascaded through several circuit breakers due to an underground feeder cable failure. There were many factors that coalesced to make this event occur. But the bottom line to the incident that should get us all thinking is that if anyone was in that substation when this event happened he or she would have been seriously injured .. . or killed.

CONDITION OF MAINTENANCE IN THE 20 15 NFPA 70E

Figure 1 : 13. 8-k V Switchgear Damaged

Figure 2: Unshielded 4.16-k V Cable Incorrectly

Beyond Repair

Used

In the 2009 edition of the 70E, the committee

home and having that beer or lying in a burn

added a definition for Arc Flash Hazard, /1

ward waiting to see what the doctors decide

dangerous condition associated with the possible

to do next. Something that every field service

release of energy caused by an electric arc. " A

technician and engineer should do is participate

Fine Print Note was added to help clarifY the . . committee 's mtent:

in training and understand electrical hazards,

"FPN No. 1 -An arcflash hazard may exist when

typically in courses that specifically address electrical safety for qualified electrical workers.

energized electrical conductors or circuit parts

The key to FPN No. 1 is understanding what

are within equipment in a guarded or enclosed

constituted "properly installed and properly

condition, provided a person is interacting with

maintained."

the equipment in a manner that could cause an

is fairly obvious and there was not a lot of

electric arc.

discussion on that point. In addition to the

Under normal operating conditions,

The committee believed that

enclosed energized electrical equipment that has

definition of an arc-flash hazard, 1 30.3 Arc

been properly installed and maintained is not

Flash Hazard Analysis included a new FPN

likely to pose an arc flash hazard. "

No. 1 '7mproper or inadequate maintenance can

Often readers of the 70E will skip over details, such as the definitions. After all, we all know what an arc-flash hazard is, right? Well. . ...yes and no. The real question is, how does the 70E committee define it? W hat parameters do they use to determine how to address it? If the reader does not understand these basic concepts, it will be difficult to understand the committee's and direction. W hen people don't

intent

understand the 70E, it is likely because they are

result in increased opening time ofthe overcurrent protective device, thus increasing the incident energy. "We all understood how incident energy is proportional to time and also knew that the overcurrent protective devices in the electrical system are of paramount importance to ensuring Figure 2

safe operation and maintenance.

shows one example of improper installation.

Even an inspection of the installation may not uncover defects such as this.

only reading select parts and not getting into

Chapter 2, Electrical Safety-Related Maintenance

the details. After all, it is not as much fun as

Requirements

in

cruising the internet, or reading a good novel,

new

200.5

or even sipping a beer, but it is something

Requirements - "Overcurrent protective devices

that could make the difference between going

shall be

CONDITION OF MAINTENANCE IN THE 20 15 NFPA 70E

section

NFPA

70E

General

maintained in

included

a

Maintenance

accordance

with the

NETAWORLD

85

manufocturer's instructions or industry consensus standards." A FPN in Section 200.1 pointed the reader to ANSI/NETA MTS and NFPA 70B if the manufacturer's instructions are not available.

Now let's roll forward to the 2012 edition of NFPA 70E. The committee decided that without electrical OCPD

and

maintenance,

general the

electrical

work

and

equipment

operation

of

that equipment can not be performed safely.

Degraded

switchgear,

racking

mechanisms

and tracking across the surfaces of electrical insulators can be of as much consequence as a malfunctioning piece of electrical equipment, and the committee decided to add 200.3 General Maintenance Requirements. "Electrical

equipment shall be maintained in accordance with manufocturer's instructions or industry consensus standards to reduce the risk offailure and the subsequent exposure of the employee to electrical hazards." Section 200.5 was moved to 205.4 and renamed Overcurrent Protective Devices. Again, catastrophic electrical failures are not common, but the consequences of such failures can be deadly.

The committee

wants to ensure that workers have a safe work environment and are not placed in unnecessary danger due to lack of maintenance.

Section 130.7 added a new Informational Note (formerly called a FPN) stating '1t is the

collective experience of the Technical Committee on Electrical Safety in the workplace that normal operation of enclosed electrical equipment operating at 600 V or less, that has been properly installed and maintained by qualified persons is not likely to expose the employee to an electrical hazard. " This IN is very similar to the FPN originally placed into the 2009 edition of NFPA 70E in Section 130.3, but adds a couple of qualifiers. One is that the electrical

•

forget about it; it does not mean free pass. It means that the probability is low, but such an event could happen even if all the conditions are met. To me, this means the worker must be qualified enough to determine if such a failure is likely, and if there is a likelihood of failure, you should take the appropriate action to mitigate the risk.

Most field workers don't give this enough thought

when

operating

or

energized electrical equipment.

working

on

They tend

to rely on someone else's judgment or the Tables in the 70E or arc-flash warning labels, all of which are good indicators, but at the conclusion of the analysis, who is the one standing in front of the equipment? Who is the one who will suffer if things go sideways?

It is that person (you) who needs to take that extra level of precaution (see figure 3).

During the 2015 revision of NFPA 70E (due

equipment must be maintained by qualified

out in October 2014) a question repeatedly

persons.

raised was "How do we know electrical equipment

It also states that it is the opinion

of the Technical Committee.

86

Figure 3: 200A Replaceable-Element Cartridge Fuses with 400A Elements: Not a Good Combination for Safe Operation

This blends

into the statement that such equipment is

is properly maintained? Ifwe don't know, how can we say it is safe to work on?" This is a valid issue

not likely to expose an employee to electrical

to bring to the front. Can we expect every field

hazards. Likely is the key word, in my opinion.

technician to ferret out that information? For

Likely does not mean never; it does not mean

example, one can argue that it is impractical for

WINTER 2014

CONDITION OF MAINTENANCE IN THE 20 15 NFPA 70E

FEATURE workers who are not employed at a particular facility to know if and when the electrical power system equipment was last maintained.

The good news is that in the last cycle of NFPA 70B, Recommended Practicefor Electrical

Equipment Maintenance Section 11.27. "Test or Calibration Decal System" was added. Tim Crnko of Cooper-Bussmann proposed this system and it is based on a system that NETA Accredited Companies have used for years.

11.27

states,

"11.27.1.

After equipment testing, device testing, or calibration, a decal on equipment, in conjunction with test records, can communicate the condition of electrical equipment to maintenance and service personnel. 7his can be important for assessing the hazard identification and risk assessment for electrical safety procedures as well as the condition of electrical equipment.

11.27.2 Decal.

After a piece of electrical equipment or device is tested and/or calibrated, a color-coded decal should be attached on the exterior enclosure to that particular equipment.

7he decal should include the following:

Date: By:

_____ _

_____ _

FIGURE 11.27.3

(2) Person or outside company who performed the testing or calibration (3) Color coding indicating the classification as described in 11.27.3."

service

This

three

calibration

decal

By:

uses

Red indicates there is a major defect and the service or should be removed immediately from service until the defect is corrected.

directly affect the serviceability or safety of the equipment, but it should be addressed as soon as possible. W hite means there were no defects found and the equipment is fully ready for continued service. Figures 4a and 4b show how the labels look in NFPA 70B and in the field.

SinceNFPA70Bisprintedinblackand white,the labels are in gray-scale, not color (see figure 4a & 4b).

We have only heard one neg ative comment when this system was discussed with others.

That person said, "You mean you put a label

on every piece of equipment? 7hat would mean

______

_

Yellow

means there is a minor defect that does not

Limited Service Date:

system

color-coded labels: red, yellow, and white. equipment should either not be placed into

General.

Nonserviceable

(I) Date of test or calibration

____

_

Serviceable Date: By:

_____ _

_____ _

Examples of Service Classification Color Decals.

Figure 4a: NFPA 70B Test or Calibration Decal Systems (Courtesy ofNational Fire Protection Association)

S

l

LIMITED SERVICE Job#

----­

Test Date ----­

Problem ----Shermoo tnctw.tnes, Inc. trvlno. Tex.n (9n) 793-5523

Job#

Sl

Test Date ----­ Due Date

----­

SMtmoo lndus.tMt, Inc. IMng. Tedt (i72> 793-6523

Figure 4b: Field Test or Calibration Labels as Used by NETA Accredited Company

(Courtesy ofShermco Industries)

87

hundreds oflabels!" Actually, it can be thousands of labels on a large shutdown. These are small,

in the 2015 NFPA 70E (Chapter 2, Section 205.3, General Maintenance Requirements,

unobtrusive labels and do not interfere with

Informational Note) should encourage more

the larger safety-oriented labels that may be

companies to demand it.

required by manufacturing standards, OSHA

states, "Informational Note:

and NFPA 70E. The biggest advantage to the three-color labeling system is that it allows instant verification of the state of equipment maintenance and when that maintenance was performed. Wading through reams of paper or databases is not needed to determine if the electrical device has been maintained within recent and reasonable time frames, which then helps the worker determine if it is safe to proceed with that test or to operate that piece of equipment. But please note: It does not eliminate the need for common sense.

Just because a label is in place and indicates the equipment is safe for continued service at the time of test does not relieve the worker of the responsibility to properly assess the current state of the equipment or to do a proper Job Hazard Analysis. To this point, there was a worker being interviewed in a safety video about an arc-flash accident in which he was involved and he states, "If you don't wear your

PPE, you're being selfish, because it afficts your family and everyone you know." Sounds on target to me.

Common industry practice is to apply test or calibration decals to equipment to indicate the test or calibration date and overall condition ofequipment that has been tested and maintained in the field. These decals provide the employee immediate indication of last maintenance date and if the tested device or system was found acceptable on the date of test.

This local information can assist the employee in the assessment of overall electrical equipment maintenance status."

SUMMARY

Condition

of

maintenance

is

one

very

important aspect of worker electrical safety.

You cannot have assurance that it is safe to operate an electrical power system that has not been properly installed or maintained.

For

installations we have various codes and standards in place, professional engineers must place their stamp on drawings and plans showing they meet minimal engineering specifications, and an inspection system using AHJs, and experts follows that up to ensure the installation is safely designed and installed. Until now there has not been a formal system for assessing the condition

This labeling system has been utilized by NETA Accredited Companies for years with great success.

This IN in 70E

Customers appreciate being able to

quickly determine the electrical power system's condition and coordinate with technicians

of maintenance of electrical power system equipment. The new sections in NFPA 70B and the 2015 edition of NFPA 70E will help fill that gap, but only if more people and companies are aware of it and implement it.

during shutdowns and turnarounds to make their

personal

notes

on

what

equipment

needs immediate attention and which will need further work at another time. equipment

If the

cannot be repaired during the

electrical power systems industry. He is the Training Director for Shermco Industries,

that encourages the defects to be addressed

and has spent the last twenty years directly

It's a great customer­

service feature that all facilities and test and

involved in technical skills and safety training for electricalpower system technicians. Jim is a Principal memberoJNFPA 70B representing

Its

Shermco Industries, NETA's alternate member of NFPA 70E,

inclusion into NFPA 70B provides access to

and a member of ASTM FIB Committee "Electrical Protective

maintenance companies should employ.

all companies and its [soon to be] reference

•

technical skills and safety training in the

shutdown, the labels provide a reminder system as soon as possible.

88

Jim White is nationally recognized for

WINTER 2014

Equipmentfor WOrkers':

CONDITION OF MAINTENANCE IN THE 20 15 NFPA 70E

�SSESSMENT AND

REVISIONS

[}!]� lJ@ [}!][?[;)£ Y®�o�® TI 0

BY DENNIS K. NEITZEL, D. RAY CROW, AND DALEEP MOHLA

The

National

Fire

Protection

Association's

(NFPA) NFPA 70£, Standardfor Electrical Safety in the Workplace, was first introduced to industry in 1979 and has been continuously updated and

comments, resulting in 68 second revisions. The second revision is available through NFPA. One primary focus of NFPA 70£ has been

revised to include the latest information and

the emphasis on electrical hazard assessments

safety requirements for protecting employees in

or analysis required to determine the level of

the workplace from electrical hazards. The 2015

the shock and arc flash hazards along with

edition, which will be available in September

the required safe work practices and personal

2014, will provide the latest and most up-to­

protective equipment (PPE), with very little

date information for electrical safety. The process

reference in the past to the need for performing

for making revisions to NFPA 70£ changed

a risk assessment. This article will address several

with the 2015 edition in that there is no longer

major revisions, but not all, and will focus on

a Report on Proposals (ROP) and a Report on

the new risk assessment requirements.

Comments (ROC), as in past revisions cycles.

The new process is noted with the following

The term Prohibited Approach Boundary was

information: there were 448 public inputs,

deletedandallreferences to itwere deletedfrom the

resulting in 173 first revisions; and following the

standard. It was determined that the Prohibited

issue of the first revision there were 227 public

Approach

Boundary

did

not

require

any

GLOBAL CHANGES There were several global changes of terms that clarify the intent of various requirements of the standards. The following provides the 2012 edition terms followed by the 2015 edition terms:

NFPA ZOE-2012 Term

NFPA ZOE-2015 Terms

electrical hazard analysis......................... electrical hazard risk assessment shock hazard analysis .............................. shock risk assessment arc flash hazard analysis ........................... arc flash risk assessment hazard/risk category ............................... arc flash PPE category hazard identification and risk assessment ... risk assessment probability ............................................. likelihood harm

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

injury or damage to health

work shoes ............................................. footwear

All references to Hazard Risk Category and HRC were deleted from the standard 2014

RISK ASSESSMENT AND OTHER REVISIONS NEW TO NFPA 70E-20 15

additional qualification requirements, PPE, or

from one who has the skills and knowledge

work practices. All it did was provide notice

to one who has demonstrated the skills and

that the qualified person was closer to the

knowledge. Also the word recognize has been

energized parts. When the qualified person

changed to identify and avoid the hazards.

crosses the Restricted Approach Boundary they are required to be wearing all appropriate PPE for electric shock, so nothing is added with the Prohibited Approach Boundary. Risk is strongly emphasized in rhe 2015 edition of NFPA 70E. When a person enters the Restricted Approach Boundary, the risk of electric shock is near 100 percent; therefore, qualified persons following safe work procedures and donning appropriately rated PPE is vital to their safety.

NEW AND REVISED TERMS AND DEFINITIONS The definitions to several terms were revised and several new terms were added, which are also global in application.

New definitions include Hazard: A source of possible injury or damage to health

This revision to qualified person is now in line with the OSHA 29 CFR 1910 .399 definition which also requires demonstrated skills and knowledge.

SPECIFIC REVISIONS In order to further emphasize the importance of maintenance and the impact it can have on the risk of an incident occurring, Section 90.2(A), Covered, added the words "safety­ related maintenance requirements, and other administrative controls". Section 110.1, Electrical Safety Program, added a new paragraph (B) Maintenance, rhat requires the electrical safety program to include the elements that consider the condition of maintenance of electrical systems and equipment. These additional requirements add to the new requirements stated in Section 130 .2(A)(4) Normal Operation, which states that normal operation of electrical equipment is

Hazardous: Involving exposure to at least one

only permitted when the equipment is properly

hazard

maintained and there is no evidence of impending

Risk: is defined as a combination of both the

The new Informational Note explains that

likelihood of injury or damage occurrence as well as the severity that results for a hazard

Risk Assessment: A process that identifies the hazards, estimates the severity of injury or damage to health, estimates the likelihood of injury or damage to health, and determines if protective measures will be required.

You will notice that the first things that must be determined are the hazards, which implies that the electrical hazard analysis must still be done before the risk assessment can be conducted.

Revised definitions include Boundary, Restricted Approach: The word risk has been replaced by likelihood

Incident energy: This definition now changed the word energy to thermal energy.

Qualified Person: This definition changed

RISK ASSESSMENT AND OTHER REVISIONS NEW TO NFPA 70E-20 15

failure, which is generally a maintenance item. properly maintained refers to equipment that has been maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations or applicable industry standards and codes. It also explains that impending failure includes evidence of overheating,

arcing,

visible damage,

bound

or loose parts, or deterioration, all of which can be identified and corrected when proper maintenance is performed. Beware when a person does not wear arc-rated PPE when he or she interacts with energized equipment where the incident energy is equal to or greater than 1.2 cal/cm2• We all know that arc-flash events are caused not only by equipment that is incorrectly installed and maintained.

How

does the person interacting with the equipment know that an arc-flash event will never occur?

He or she does not. The risk of an arc flash is greater when a disconnect or a circuit breaker is operated (opening and closing), because they are breaking and making against an energized bus.

NETAWORLD

FEATURE Other

sections

of

NFPA

70E-2015

that

Safo Work Condition, and reinforced in Article

requires the condition of maintenance as part

130 Work Involving Electrical Hazards, Section

of the arc-flash risk assessment, 205.3 that

130.2 Electrically Safe Working

requires electrical equipment to be maintained

which provides direction for the conductors and

Condition,

per the manufacturer's instructions or industry

circuit parts to be put into an electrically safe

consensus standards to reduce the risk associated

work condition prior to the employee entering

with failure of the equipment and 205.4 requires

the limited approach boundary or interacting

overcurrent protective devices to be maintained

with the equipment. The exception to this rule

and requires the maintenance to be documented.

is that the electrically safe work condition is not

The risk of an arc flash occurring or equipment

required if the risk assessment is performed and

having

exposed

energized

conductors

or

circuit parts can be reduced through proper maintenance of electrical equipment; therefore, the risk assessment must include an inspection of the electrical equipment maintenance programs and procedures as well as the documentation that the work has been done.

it does not identify any unacceptable risks for the task being performed.

NFPA

70E-2012,

Section

130.7(C)(15)

Selection of Personal Protective Equipment W hen Required for Various Tasks, provided Hazard/Risk

Category

Classification

tables.

These tables have been replaced in NFPA 70E-

As noted earlier, the term hazard identification

2015 with Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a) Arc Flash

and

risk

Hazard Identification for Alternating Current

assessment. The Risk Assessment Procedure,

(ac) and Direct Current (de) Systems. This table

found in 110.1(G), requires the Electrical Safety

has three columns: Tasks, Equipment Condition,

risk

assessment

was

changed

to

Program to include a risk assessment procedure

and Arc-Flash PPE Required. The first column

to

identifies various tasks for ac and de systems.

address employee exposure

to

electrical

hazards. This procedure is required to identify hazards, assess the risks, and implement risk

The

second

column

identifies

equipment

condition that includes equipment properly

control. Informational Note No. 1 references the

installed,

ANSIIAIHA Z10, which specifies the hierarchy

all equipment doors dosed and secured, all

of risk control methods that include elimination, substitution, engineering controls, awareness, administrative controls, and PPE. Informational Note No. 2 states that the risk assessment may also identify the need for a second person and the specific training requirements for that person.

Section

110.4(B)(4)

requires

protection of

equipment

properly

maintained,

equipment covers in place and secured, and no evidence of impending failure.

If all of these

questions can be answered affirmatively, then column three indicates that no arc flash PPE is required. However, if the answer to any one of these questions is no or is questionable, the arc­ flash PPE is required. There is a note at the end

ground-fault

of the table that states that hazard identification

be

used for

is one component of the risk assessment. It also

personnel when they are using

states that the risk assessment determines the

circuit-interrupters (GFCI) portable

electric

locations.

The

to

equipment

Informational

in

conductive

Note

to

likelihood of the incident occurring that results

this

from a hazard that could cause injury or damage

section states that the risk assessment can include

to health. This table does not address every

identifying these work locations and provide a

possible situation or condition. Where the table

recommendation to use equipment powered by

indicates that no arc-flash PPE is required, it

batteries, hydraulics, or pneumatics instead of

does not indicate that an arc-flash cannot occur.

using 120-volt ac equipment.

Use extreme caution when using the table in lieu

Another consideration in conducting a risk

of the incident energy calculations.

assessment is in identifying the need to establish an

Another consideration for performing a risk

electrically safe work condition. The requirements

assessment is prior to cutting or drilling into

11r-�

WINTER 201

I

are found in Article 120, Establishing an Electrically

emphasize maintenance include 130.5(3) which

..

�

RISK'ASSESSMENT AND OTHER REVISIONS NEW TO NFPA 70E-20 1

FEATURE electrical equipment or through floors, walls or other structural elements where there is a likelihood of contacting energized parts. The risk assessment must include the identification and marking of the location of all conductors, cables, raceways, or equipment; determining the need to create an electrically safe work condition; or identifY the required safe work practices and PPE.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR PERFORMING A RISK ASSESSMENT Informative Annex FRisk Assessment Procedure provides important guidelines for performing a risk assessment. These guidelines include risk estimation and risk evaluation which provides help in determining the protective measures that are needed to reduce the likelihood of personnel injury and damage to health.

SUMMARY NFPA 70£-2015 has been revised to emphasize the requirements for performing a risk assessment.

It does not replace the requirement to analyze the electrical hazards, since the first requirement of the risk assessment is to know what hazards exist.

The 2015 edition ofNFPA 70E will be extremely helpful to the employer in performing the risk assessment and to the employee for doing his or her work as safely as possible.

Dennis K Neitzel, CPE is Director Emeritus of AVO Training Institute, Inc., Dallas, Texas. He has over 46 years of industrial, commercial, and utility electrical power systems experience in engineering, maintenance, testing, and saftty. Mr. Neitzel is a principal committee member of the NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace Technical Committee. He is also a co-author ofthe Electrical Saftty Handbook published

by McGraw-Hill. Mr. Neitzel can be contacted at dennis. neitzel@avotraining.com.

Daleep Mob/a, an Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Life Fellow, is a Registered Proftssional Engineer in the State of Texas, a member of NFPA 70E Technical Committee for Standard for Electrical saftty in the Workplace, and a member of National Electrical Code Panel 5 on Grounding and Bonding. Daleep

worked for Pullman Consulting, Union Carbide, and Dow for thirty years and has been the owner of his own company for the last ten years. He is a prolific author and presenter of numerous technical papers and tutorials at the IEEE conftrences and other saftty forums that promote electrical saftty and electrical saftty by design concepts. Daleep was elevated to IEEE Fellow in 2006 for contributions to electrical saftty design concepts to reduce workplace hazards.

He received the 2007 IEEE Industrial Applications Society (!AS) Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee's David Azbill Award and the 2011 IEEE Standards Association Charles Steinmetz awardfor contributions to the preparation, dissemination, and advocacy of consensus saftty standards for operation and maintenance of industrial and commercial power systems to include saftty concepts. Daleep Mohla is the Owner and Principal Consulting Engineerfor DCM Electrical Consulting Services in Missouri City, Texas . His company provides consulting services in National Electrical Code and NFPA 70E training, preparation and audit ofelectrical safety programs andfacilities, andforensic investigations.

Daryld Ray Crow graduated from the University of Houston in 1969 with a BSEE degree. After graduation Ray went to work for the Aluminum Company of America where he provided engineering support for Alcoa plants worldwide on the design, installation, and operation of power and rectifier systems, provided plant engineering support, which included electrical saftty, served as team leader for writing a number of Alcoa electrical standards including the development of and training for Alcoa's electrical saft work practice standard. He retired from Alcoa in 1996 After retiring from Alcoa, Ray worked for Fluor Global Services and Duke Energy as a Principal Technical Specialist providing design and consulting electrical engineering for plant power distribution systems and saft work practice programs, standards, and assessments/audits. Ray presently is the Principal Technical Specialist for DRC Consulting Ltd. and performs consulting work on electrical saft work practices standards, assessments/audits, electrical saft work practice training, and electrical engineering projects. He was chair of the Petroleum and Chemical Industry (PCIC) saftty subcommittee 2004-2006, chair of the 2004 IEEE lAS Electrical Saftty Workshop, is an alternate member on the NFPA 70E technical committee Standard for Electrical Saftty in the Workplace, a member of the IEEE 1584 Committee, and was the working group vice chair for the 2012 revisions to IEEE 463 Standard for Electrical Saftty Practices in Electrolytic Cell Line Working Zones. Ray has co-authored and presented papers and tutorials on electrical saftty and auditing for the IEEE lAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conftrence (PCIC) and has presented saftty topics and tutorials at the IEEE Industry Applications Society Electrical Saftty Workshops, IEEE lAS Pulp and Paper Industry Conftrence, and the Power Test conftrence. In 2010 Ray received the IEEE lAS Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Electrical Saftty Excellence award.

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FEATURE

USING B Y B R I A N C R O N I N , CSA Engineering Services, LLC

With the revision of the NFPA 70E, the Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, one thing remains constant, the risk of an arc-flash hazard will need to be performed. Although the risk hazard tables are presented in a different manner with the latest revision of NFPA 70E, one of the goals to this analysis will continue to ensure the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is used under specific conditions.

When performing arc-flash hazard calculations, all factors must be included to accurately predict the incident energy. Some of these factors include short-circuit current, fault clearing time and worker distance to source. The procedures set forth in IEEE 1584, Guide to Performing Arc-Flash Calculations, are most commonly used in calculating incident energy and the arc flash boundary. The basic formulas presented in IEEE 1584 are as follows:

and

96

•

WINTER 2014

Where E: Incident Energy [J/cm2] Ct: Calculation Factor En: Incident Energy Normalized t: Arcing Time [sec] D: Working Distance [mm] DB: Arc-Flash Boundary [mm] EB: Incident Energy Upon inspection of these equations, it can be seen that the arcing time will directly affect the incident energy and in almost all cases have a direct effect on the arc-flash boundary.

Since reducing the time to clear a fault directly affects the incident energy, the application of differential relaying should be considered because its operation is independent of any other protective devices so clearing time is minimized.

Although not shown in this equation, the level of fault current will also have a direct effect on the incident energy. The pickup level of a differential relay is typically well below fault current levels so arcing currents do not tend to have an effect on the trip time of the relay.

ARC FLASH MITIGATION USING DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

FEATURE UTILITY SERVICE 13.8Yf7.97kV

CURRENT IN AMPERES

T

1000

100

15001\VA 10

C82

)=

0.10

480Y/277V, 2500A. 30, 4W

L C84 1600AF ) 800A T FEEDER 1

I

10

100

1K

101<

FEEDER 2

Figure 1 : Basic One line

Figure 2: Time-Current Curve

In an effort to reduce incident energy levels,

A typical system depicted in figure 1 shows

various methods have been implemented to

a

allow for increased worker safety. The method

voltage

1500 kVA transformer supplying low­ switchgear.

that should always be considered fri st is to

illustrates

perform work on de-energized equipment;

protective devices found on a system of

however, this is not possible in all cases. A

this type. Ideally, the feeder breaker, for

system available from several manufacturers applies a temporary low level instantaneous overcurrent device to reduce the fault clearing times; however, these devices tend to reduce or eliminate coordination between adjacent protective devices. Differential relays are high speed protection devices. Because current through the differential relay is nearly zero for all conditions except a fault in its zone of protection, it can be set to be much more sensitive than a fast instantaneous overcurrent device and not affect coordination and can also remain in service under all conditions. The effectiveness of differential relaying is often overlooked when evaluating arc-fa l sh hazard.

Other methods to improve worker safety

example

the

Figure 2 graphically

coordination

of

typical

CB3, should operate to clear a

fault before the main circuit, CB2. To allow for coordination, the main circuit breaker protection must be delayed to allow for the feeder breaker to clear a fault. T his time must be increased as more protective devices are installed in series. Many applications apply an

instantaneous

element on the

main circuit breaker, but the application of instantaneous protection on the main circuit breaker prevents coordination with downstream devices for fault levels above the pickup setting. To ensure coordination, the delay set on the main circuit breaker typically leads to a dangerous arc-flash condition. A bolted fault of 29.7 kA would be typical for the system shown in Figure

include increasing worker distance to the arc

1. Applying the incident energy calculation

source with the use of remote control and

for a fault with bolted fault current of 29.7

remote racking equipment. The application

kA, arcing fault current of 15.6 kA and a

of differential protection provides improved

clearing time of 1.9 seconds, values typical

coordination and arc-fa l sh hazard mitigation.

for the system shown in Figure 1, results

ARC FLASH MITIGATION USING DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

NETAWORLD

•

97

FEATURE in an incident energy value of 273 Jlcm2•

UTILITY SERVICE 138 - Yn,97kV

PPE ratings are typically in units of call cm2• Converting the metric 273 Jlcm2 yields

ZONET

a value of 65 callcm2• This is considerably

f:.�

greater than the 40 cal!cm2 level above which the NFPA 70E indicates that there is no safe level of PPE available. If a temporary instantaneous

setting

is

applied

during

�

periods of maintenance, the arc-flash hazard can be reduced to a Category 2 because the

ZONE B

g� ] F1

operating time is reduced to about 80 msec.

1500kVA 138kV-480Y/277V Z=575%

CB2

)=

During this period of maintenance, the arc­ flash hazard is reduced; however, there will be a loss of coordination with downstream protective devices.

While procedures will

be written to turn on and turn off this temporary setting, human error may prevent either its use or prevent coordination during normal conditions if the temporary setting remains after

maintenance

is completed.

Also, the unanswered question that remains at many facilities is "How is the equipment

FEEDER 2

F!:EOER 1

Figure 3: Relay One line

to be labeled?" The use of a differential relay in this application would reduce the incident energy to 5.2 cal/cm2 and would not be required to be switched in and out of service.

Additionally, the traditional reason

for using a differential relay applies, which limits the damage caused by the fault due to the reduced clearing time.

differential relay could be used to protect the transformer and the bus or two separate differential relays could be used to protect the zones individually. When the transformer is included in the zone of protection, the effects of the phase shift and voltage difference must be incorporated into the application of the relay. When selecting current transformers (CTs), the classical approach would require the available fault current not exceed 100 amperes (20x nominal) on the CT secondary and the connected burden be less than the rated burden. This approach does not take time to saturation into consideration. With the use of numerical relays, the burden on

•

selecting the CT

to avoid saturation. If

the transformer and bus are protected as a single zone, a set of CTs must be installed on the transformer primary and a set of CTs must be installed on each feeder as

Depending on the application, a single

98

secondary winding and cable impedances remain the same. Care must be given when

shown in Figure 3.

In Figure 3, an internal

fault is marked by F 1 and an external fault is marked by F2.

If a fault occurs at F 1, a

differential relay will clear a fault without intentional time delay, much like a temporary maintenance setting. However, should a fault occur at F2, the differential relay will restrain and not operate,

where the maintenance

setting will not be able to distinguish between an internal and external fault, causing an unnecessary outage to the entire bus.

Also,

under normal conditions, the damage of fault F 1 is minimized when differential protection is applied because it can clear a fault much quicker than the time delayed overcurrent protection on the secondary main.

the CT in a differential relay is significantly

Differential protection can be summarized

less than an electromechanical relay, but CT

by understanding that the current into the

WINTER 2014

ARC FLASH MITIGATION USING DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

FEATURE zone of protection must equal the outgoing

the cost to install a medium-voltage circuit

current or else an internal fault exists. Again,

breaker, CTs, a relay and all other required

referring to figure 3, for a fault at F2 current

control work. The circuit breaker, or similar

flows through the high side CTs (CTl) and

device, may have the added advantage of

also flows through the feeder CTs (CT4); CT4

protecting against single-phasing conditions.

provides the balance current that allows for the

The differential relay may be able to clear

relay to restrain- essentially the input current

certain faults that cannot be isolated by high

matches the output for a result of zero. For a

side fuses.

fault at F 1, current flows in CT 1; however, no

monitoring capabilities like numerical relays, so

Fuses do not have metering and

current flows out of any other CT, so the relay

certain operational improvements are available

has no restraint. Should a power source from

with the installation of relay based protective

any of the feeders be present, the direction

systems. Maintenance costs are also greater for

of current from the feeder is reversed, so

relay based systems than fuse protection. Relays,

the relay

CTs, circuit breakers and batteries require

will see additional current, not

less current.

The direction of the CT and

significantly more resources for maintenance

its wiring are often the cause of differential

than fuses.

relay misoperation, so it is important that

a small transformer or switchgear may not be

the installation of the differential relay is

significantly different if the system is protected

Also, the cost to repair or replace

correct and verified during acceptance testing.

by fuses or relaying.

When numerical relays are used, internal

paramount,

settings can compensate for the different CT

protection has merit. If the only purpose of

ratios and the phase shift in the transformer.

installing the differential relay is to reduce arc

When an electromechanical relay is used, taps

flash levels on the secondary bus, there would

the

Where coordination is

installation

of

differential

are available to adjust for the difference in

be no need to install a high-side circuit breaker.

the CTs and the CT wiring must adjust for

Tripping the low-side main would perform the

the phase shift. It should be noted that the

same function at a substantial cost reduction.

above description is based on low impedance differential relays. High impedance relays are typically not suited to include a transformer in its zone of protection.

In considering the coordination in Figure 2, one can see the fuse is not fully selective with the low voltage circuit breaker. This condition is often required because the upstream fuse must

Differential protection has not typically been

coordinate with the transformer fuse or else an

applied to transformers less than 10 MVA,

even larger outage could occur unnecessarily.

unless there was some critical importance.

Since the operation of the transformer fuse

This size limitation is mostly due to the cost

and the main circuit breaker will result in

benefit relationship to the use of differential

the loss of the same load and coordination

protection. Worker safety is an intangible

requires compromise, this area offers a good

aspect of the cost benefit analysis. Due to

point of compromise. A drawback to this

the relatively low number of worker injuries

sort of compromise is seen when trying to

that could have been prevented with the

determine the location of the fault. If the fuse

installation of differential protection, it is

operates, it is assumed the fault is between the

difficult to make an argument using a cost

fuse and the main circuit breaker; however,

benefit basis; however, the cost associated

when coordination is not fully selective, the

with electrical injuries is also difficult to

device upstream may operate faster than

quantify. The transformer identified in Figure

the downstream device, which can lead to

1 is typically protected using three single

confusion.

phase fuses. Depending on the specifics of

curve, which can be set to better conform to

the application, the installation of a three

the characteristics of the downstream device.

phase fuse may cost $25k. This is far less than

If transformer and bus differential protection

ARC FLASH MITIGATION USING DIFFERENTIA L PROTECTION

R1 in Figure 2 represents a relay

NETAWORLD

•

99

FEATURE with adjacent

may be a feature to include in the cost

protective systems becomes less troublesome

benefit analysis. Zone Interlocking offers a

because the differential protection acts to clear

similar alternative to differential protection,

the fault without any unnecessary time delay.

but

are provided,

coordination

performing

primary

simulation

can

Although coordination will still be required

be cumbersome.

with backup protection, more compromise

kVA transformer should have differential

between protective devices can usually be

protection, but given equipment available

found when using differential protection.

today and its capabilities, it may be prudent

Overcurrent protection using fuses is a far

Maybe not every

1500

to consider the 10 MVA limit as too high.

simpler and less expensive approach than the installation of a relay system, but the added benefit of a relay system should be understood. With respect to arc-flash hazard, differential protection will reduce the incident energy relative to time-delayed overcurrent protection. When considering coordination, numerical relays offer a superior alternative to fuses because of the myriad of possibilities to shape the protective characteristic. The added metering, monitoring, and recording features of a numerical relay can provide tremendous operational information, which

PE is the President of CS A Engineering Services, LLC and has extensive control and protection engineering experience, both as a Senior Protection Utility Engineer for a privatery owned electric utility and as a field applications engineer/business development manager for a major OEM Mr. Cronin holds a BEEfom Manhattan College, an MBA from New York Institute of Technology.

Additionalry, he is a registered profossional engineer, a member of the NYC Electric Code Interpretation Committee, a member of IEEE, and a member NFPA. Brian Cronin,

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KREGER, Electrical Reliability Services

When it comes to electrical safety, much has changed over the past 10 y ears. The National Fire Protection Association has made a number of updates to NFPA 70E, including the most recent publication of NFPA 70E-2015. OSHA also recently published its first-ever arc flash protection requirements for the electric power generation, transmission, and distribution industry,

making

requirements

for

significant utilities

changes

and

to

industrial

electrical

safety

establishments.

Unfortunately, many of the major misconceptions

to estimate the incident heat energy of those

related to these standards have not changed. I'm

hazards, and to provide exposed workers with

s till flabbergasted by comments and questions I hear from trainees and qualified electrical workers

the appropriate clothing and other personal protective equipment (PPE).

alike regarding requirements to maintain a safe

CFR 29, 1910.132(d)(l), which

work environment. Below is my attempt to debunk

However,

and demystifY some of the most common myths

requires employers to assess the workplace for

about electrical safety standards, so that everyone

hazards and provide affected employees with

be on the same page when it comes to keeping

PPE, has been in place for decades. What's

can

electrical workers safe.

1. OSHA has a new requirement to perform

a hazard or risk analysis before beginning

more, since OSHA's inception in the early 1970s, the entire premise has been to ensure, as much as possible, a safe work environment for employees . Each employer has an obligation

each job.

to determine what hazards an employee may

Technically speaking, this one is half true.

face on the job. Once the hazard has been

In April 2014, OSHA did publish revisions

identified, the employer has further obligation

to s tandard 1910.269 requiring high-voltage

to provide the appropriate training, PPE, or

utilities and facilities to assess the workplace

other work procedures that would allow the

for potential flame or electric-arc hazards,

employee to perform the task safely.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY- MYTHS AND RUMORS

Several hazards are

specific to the

electrical

a site-specific or activity-specific policy would

industry-primarily

shock

arc-flash

be appropriate, as long as it meets the intent of

and

burns. Qualified workers need to be aware of

protecting the workforce.

these hazards in order to be considered qualified.

Therefore,

the

always had an

employer has

I keep a keen eye on the citations and violations of

obligation to identify possible shock hazards,

federal and many state OSHA organizations, and

identify possible flash-burn hazards, and provide

have yet to see a citation for not following an NFPA

the appropriate tools, PPE, or work procedures

70E recommendation verbatim. While OSHA

to mitigate these hazards. The new OSHA

continues to publish updates to its standards that

1910.269 simply makes that official.

do reflect specific NFPA 70E recommendations,

I will add that, even though the appropriate

NFPA 70E is not, in its entirety, an enforceable

tools and PPE are available, the supposedly

document - at least not yet. It is a guideline for

qualified worker may not know what to do with

developing a safe electrical work environment

such as the recent update to OSHA 1910.269,

them. For example, I once witnessed a 20-year

and has many practical applications the employer

veteran pull the insulating rubber gloves on

could use or modify, if necessary, to meet specific

over the leather gauntlets. When questioned, he

needs. If an employer were to adopt the new NFPA

responded, "I always wears them like that since the

70E-2015 in its entirety, I am certain it would be

rubber part is the shock protection part and the

following all the OSHA rules.

leather inside keeps my hands from getting sticky."

2. Insulated gloves should never be worn when using insulated live-line tools. If the insulation on the tool is bad, the worker would never know it while wearing insulated gloves.

4. If I were actually to develop a risk assessment and energized electrical work permit before performing every task, as recommended in NFPA 70E, I would spend all day doing risk assessments and never get the work done.

This statement also was posed by a 20-year veteran.

If you are not already doing some form of risk

I had to think about that a moment. Hmm,

assessment before performing electrical work, I

would I want to find out the tool is bad by not

would say you should find a different occupation.

wearing gloves? Those of you who have ever

The recommendation to perform a risk assessment

watched insulation break down when performing

and develop a written energized electrical work

high-potential testing will testify that the

pennit plan for hazard mitigation applies to those

breakdown

tasks that are not routine in nature (not routine

happens

quickly

-

faster

than

you could drop a bad switch stick!

being less frequently than annually). The system will not be locked and tagged, and the system will

3. We would like to adopt NFPA 70E as our working electrical safety policy, but it is entirely too cumbersome.

I

have

advocated NFPA

70E in its forms

throughout the years and do admit, in some cases,

be energized or possibly energized. If the task is performed frequently, an original risk assessment with successful

mitigation

techniques

should

already be in place in one form or another. Thus, another assessment is not required.

the recommendations may be a bit cumbersome.

However, realizing the intent of the publication

To give an example, a qualified worker should

should shed light on how to implement the

already know the hazards involved in taking current

appropriate policies. There is not, to my knowledge,

measurements in a motor control center. Would

a single safety document covering every possible

the hazards change from one bucket to another?

scenario in the electrical industry, nor will there ever

I would say no. Therefore, the same techniques

be, since ours is such a dynamic field. In the absence

found to be successful in one application of

of specific rules from OSHA, the intent should still

shock and flash protection would be successful in

be to protect the workforce from hazards. Therefore,

other similar applications. There is no reason to

ELECTRICAL SAFETY- MYTHS AND RUMORS

perform multiple (written) hazard assessments and

should be marked wherever the possibility of

mitigation procedures for basically the same task.

energized work exists.

Further, the newer versions of NFPA 70E limit

However, the intent of Article 110.16 has always

areas where electrical work permits are required to

been to arm the qualified worker with enough

those areas within the limited-approach boundary

information to make an intelligent choice when

or arc-flash boundary. In addition, NFPA 70E,

selecting the appropriate PPE. The fine print note

2015, Article 130.2(B)(3) Exemptions to WOrk

associated with NEC Article 110.16 says to refer to

Pennit says that an energized work permit is not

NFPA 70E for additional guidance. New updates

required for work performed on or near live parts

to NFPA lOE-2015 and NEC shed light on the

when qualified persons are performing tasks such

topic by spelling out the types of equipment that

as testing, troubleshooting, or voltage measuring;

need to be labeled (i.e., switchboards, switchgear,

thermography

to

panelboards, industrial control panels, meter socket

the Restricted Approach Boundary; access/ egress

enclosures, and motor control panels). Today's

with no electrical work up to the Restricted Approach

requirements also make it clear that only electrical

and

visual

inspection

and

general

housekeeping

the

Restricted

Approach

Boundary,

as

appropriate

safe

Boundary;

up

up

to

as

long

practices

equipment that is likely to require examination, adjustment,

servicing,

or

maintenance

while

and

energized needs to be field marked. Additionally,

PPE are provided and used in accordance with

NFPA 70E section 130.5(B) includes an exception

Chapter 1.

that permits continued use of labels applied prior

work

to September 30, 2011, as long as those labels

5. OSHA has a new requirement to perform

contain the available incident energy or required

an arc-flash hazard assessment and to mark the equipment.

level ofPPE.

Yes

New language in 130.5 also says that labels need to

and

no.

The

new

OSHA

1910.269

requirements mandate that high-voltage utilities

be updated if the arc-flash hazard risk assessment

and facilities need to estimate the incident heat

shows that the labels are inaccurate and that the

energy of arc hazards and provide exposed workers

owner of the electrical equipment is responsible for

with the appropriate protective clothing and

documentation, installation, and maintenance of

equipment. However, for many years there has

the field-marked labels.

been an existing requirement to perform a hazard analysis for any hazard an employee may face on the job (see 1910.132(d)(l) in #1 above). The new requirement provides guidance on tools and methods that can be used to estimate available heat energy. The 2014 National Electrical Code

7. If there were a sign on a piece of equipment

that said, "DANGER - VOLTI\GE," would that be sufficient information for a qualified worker to select the appropriate insulated gloves or tools?

(NEC) Article 110.16 requires the marking of

I think not. The voltage level is what quantifies the

flash hazards on electrical equipment. This is not

hazard so the appropriate PPE and tools can be

an OSHA mandate, it is an NEC requirement.

selected. The intent of the arc-flash protection program should be the same. Simply putting a

6. Anything that's electrical in the workplace needs to be labeled.

-

Since the 2002 edition of the NEC introduced the

information for a qualified worker to select

sign on a piece of equipment that says, "DANGER VOLTAGE"

would

not

be

sufficient

requirement for marking flash hazards on electrical

the appropriate fire-retardant materials or flash­

equipment in the field, the issue has been a hot and

protection equipment.

somewhat misunderstood topic. Adding to the confusion was the fact that NEC and NFPA 70E

One of the requirements to be considered qualified

did not specifY which electrical equipment needed

to perform electrical work is the ability to identifY

to be labeled, but only that electrical equipment

exposed energized equipment and to identifY the

ELECTRICAL SAFETY- MYTHS AND RUMORS

nominal voltage of that equipment. The purpose

per square centimeter as well as recommendations

of this training requirement is twofold: provide the

for arc-rated PPE with ratings of calories per square

ability to determine when a shock hazard exists,

centimeter will not help those that are already

and the ability to determine level of insulating tools

confused. Help them out- provide some training

or gloves required. There should also be a training

along with the results of the incident energy study

requirement associated with arc-flash protection.

correlating study findings with minimum arc

Never have I seen so many blank stares from

thermal protection values and maybe try to explain

supposedly qualified electrical workers as when I

heat attenuation factor percentages too.

show an example of an arc-flash warning sign indicating

9. The NFPA 70E arc-flash PPE tables are

magnitude of hazard at a working distance.

confusing and make it difficult to know To help with this problem, changes to NFPA 70E-

which arc-rated clothing to choose.

2015 make it dear what information needs to be

In the past, the NFPA 70E table method for

included on field labels. Specifically, it states that

choosing

the label should include:

cumbersome. In the 20 15 version of the standards,

•

•

•

arc-rated

clothing

was

somewhat

Nominal system voltage

new task-based tables have been added for

Arc flash boundary

determining when arc-flash PPE is necessary for ac and de systems. For each task, the table

At least one of the following: •

•

•

•

Incident energy and working distance PPE category from NFPA 70E table

indicates if there is an arc-flash hazard (yes or no). If yes, further engineering analysis must be performed to determine what level of arc-flash

Minimum PPE arc rating

protection will be required.

Site-specific level of PPE

8. That sign says there are 11.4 calories at 18

inches. I ate 10 times that many calories for breakfast this morning!

10. I have longer arms than you. Does

that mean I can wear different flame retardant clothes?

No, because I sweat more than you do ...

This is undoubtedly the most significant training challenge I continue to face. How do you take a group of electricians or instrument technicians from volts, amperes, and time to calories per square centimeter (or, worse yet, Joules per square centimeter) at a given working distance? Don't blame it on the aptitude of the audience either. I once received much the same response from the audience at an IEEE meeting.

A thorough explanation is needed of the transition from

watt-seconds

through Joules

(which

most

understand)

(which some understand)

to

calories applied to square centimeters of bare skin (which no one understands). Such an explanation usually results in positive head nods or the I get it! looks. Of course, showing the gory electrical burn victim movies helps to drive home the point.

I would hope that those engineers performing incident energy studies will keep in mind the target audience for the results. Providing a report in Joules

ELECTRICAL SAFETY- MYTHS AND RUMORS

David K Kreger has nearly three decades of experience with high-, medium-, and low-voltage power transmtsszon, and generation, distribution systems.

His formal education includes a BS in physics .from New York State University and an AA .from the University of Maryland He gained extensive experience as a field engineer through testing, troubleshooting, commissioning, and repairing power systems as well as through high-voltage work as a utility lineman. He is a licensed power engineer, NETA Level III Certified Technician, member of the NFPA (electrical section), and master instructor for the training group of Emerson's Electrical Reliability Services.

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS A CTIVITY

BY

RALPH PATTERSON, Power Products and Solutions

SPRING 2014 BREAKOUT WORKING GROUPS/DISCUSSION GROUPS MEETINGS GROUP NO.

GROUP NAME

ACTIVITY

CHAIRS

F04W

Partial Discharge Testing in the Field (P400.3)

Discussion on new contributions to the next revision of the PD Guide

LEVINE/WALTON

F05W

Damped AC Voltage Testing (P400.4)

Approved by Working Group; will be going forward as an IEEE Standard

GULSKI/PAT TERSON

F07

Guide on Neutral Corrosion in MV Underground Cables (1617)

It was determined that the guide will be reviewed and reissued.

BUCHHOLZ

FlOD

Diagnostic Testing for Cable Joints and Terminations

Presentations: Diagnostic Testing of Cable Accessories

JIANG/HAYDEN

F11 D

Constant Voltage AC Field

Presentations on ex periences with ac withstand testing of MV, HV, and EHV Cable Systems

FENGER/DENMON

Testing of Cable Systems

During May, 2014, the ICC working groups,

IEEE 400.4 Damped AC Voltage testing has

including engineers and scientists, came together

been approved by the working group and will be

in Kansas City, Missouri, for the spring 2014

submitted to IEEE for ballot.

IEEE/ICC meeting.

The

Insulated

Conductors

professional

Electrical Testing Association to be recognized and

Engineering Society of the Institute of Electrical

offer a field testing perspective to the working

and Electronics Engineers.

groups are set up of cable manufacturers, utilities, test equipment manufacturers, and end users.

within

the

is a

This is an ongoing opportunity for theinterNational

groups as documents are developed. The working

organization

Committee

Power

The 2014 Sprint Meeting in Kansas City, Missouri, was a great success. We are looking forward to the

2014 Fall Meeting in Colorado Springs, Colorado.

S UBCOMMITTEE F ON FIELD TESTIN G AND DIAGN OSTICS At the meeting it was announced that Nigel

Ralph Patterson is President of Power Products and Solutions, located in Charlotte,

Hampton and Jacques Cote have relinquished their

North

positions and that Mark Fenger is the new Chair for Subcommittee F.

Carolina. NC. His professional

background includes working as a design

As new material becomes

engineer of tramfonners and as a specifYing

available additional changes and methodologies

engineer of insulated conductors. He has

will be incorporated into the IEEE specifications.

more than 25 years in power engineering

DISCUSSION IEEE 400.3 working group is active and presently collecting information along with methodologies for incorporation into the document.

108 • WINTER 2014

particularf:y in imulation diagnosis and evaluation of electrical distribution equipment. He serves on the NETA Standards Review Council and Board or Directors, is the NETA liaison for the IEEE Insulated Conductor Committees working groups and received NETAs 2001

Outstanding

Achievement Award.

INSULATED CONDUCTOR COMMITTEE NEWS

ANSI/NETA ATS-2013

ORDER

Ü!

ANSI/NETA ATS-2013

ANSI/NETA Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems

This document specifies field tests and inspections used to assess the suitability for initial energization of electrical power equipment and systems.

STANDARD FOR

ANSI/NETA ATS-2013 covers equipment such as:

TESTING SPECIFICA SPECIFICATIONS

Switchgear Transformers Cables Switches Circuit breakers Protective relays Rotating machinery

Motors Capacitors and reactors Regulating apparatus Grounding systems Batteries Emergency systems and more...

ANSI/NETA ATS-2013 provides the most up-to-date references to other industry standards such as ASTM, EASA, ICEA, IEEE, NECA, NEMA, NFPA, UL, and others.

Join NETA’s Alliance Program today for savings on ANSI/NETA ATS-2013 Receive additional discounts on other NETA publications Visit: ÜÜÜ° iÌ>Ü À `° À}ÊÊUÊÊ > \Ê888-300-NETA (6382)ÊÊUÊÊEmail: neta@netaworld.org

A C CEPT CEPTANCE ANCE FOR

ELECTRICAL

POWER

EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

ANSI/NETA STANDARD COMMISSIONING SPECIFICATIONS

BY JILL HOWELL AND KRISTEN WICKS, NETA

With so many standards-developing organizations in existence publishing countless lines of codes, specifications, standards, and best practices, it seems as if there would not be any new ground left to cover. And yet, many issues of ANSI's Standards Action announce new proj ect intent notifications in the weekly publication, demonstrating that improving upon standard processes requires an ongoing effort and the horizon keeps moving in the distance.

NETA determined that there is a segment of the electrical testing industry that is impacted by the work performed by NETA Accredited Companies that has not been addressed in either

the ANSI/NETA ATS Standard for Acceptance

Testing for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems or the ANSI/NETA MTS Standard for Maintenance Testing for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems.

Since the early 1970s NETA companies have classified NETA-related work into two basic categories: field acceptance testing and field maintenance

testing.

These

two

categories

have served the industry well for more than forty years. Since electrical equipment is either newly-installed or service-aged, it makes sense

benefit from and demands more distinction in the type of work previously classified as pure

acceptance testing in the minds of many.

The ANSI/NETA ATS provides a performance standard that outlines the suggested field tests and inspections that are available to assess the suitability for initial energization and final acceptance of electrical power equipment and systems. The purpose of these specifications is to assure the owner of the equipment that the tested electrical equipment and systems are operational, are within applicable standards and manufacturers' tolerances, and are installed in accordance with design specifications.

While this document plays a large role in the overall commissioning process of electrical

to create a line of demarcation between the two

power systems, it does not specifically outline

(acceptance testing and maintenance testing)

the steps that should be followed during the

when it

electrical commissioning process for a new

comes

to

visual and

mechanical

inspections, electrical tests, and test results.

electrical system.

Like everything else, though, the electrical

While there is some guidance within industry

testing industry has evolved to a point that gains

for various aspects of electrical components, NETA'S NEW ADDITION- COMING THIS SPRING

.NEWS NETA's

Board of Directors recognized there

and consistent perspective so that equipment

is an emerging market in the commissioning

owners know that not only were their assets

of electrical power equipment and systems that

thoroughly and properly evaluated, but that

is not addressed by the existing ANSIINETA

the evaluations are done without preconceived

standards or any other standards developing

opinions regarding condition. In a nutshell, it

organization's documents. That new awareness is

is so that good is good and bad is bad, regardless

whatprompted thedevelopmentof thecandidate

of who does the testing."

standard ANSIINETA ECS

Standard for

Electrical Commissioning Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems. work

in

AT S

with

the

ANSIINETA

and other industry standards to provide a comprehensive

specification

with

a

direct

focus on the electrical power system. It is not the

intent

challenge

of

NETA

standard

already

established

based

documents,

to

replicate

industry by

or

guidelines

existing but

consensus­ rather

to

set forth unique specifications for systems and

components

that

have

not

this

been

previously addressed.

standard,

commissiOning

is

defined as the systematic process of verifYing, documenting,

The intent of the document is to concert

Within

and

placing

into

serviCe

NEW! ANSI/NETA STANDARD FOR ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING SPECIFICATIONS •••

When asked why the need for this type of document emerged when it did, Scott Blizard of American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. shared

STANDARD FOR

his perspective, "Different industries have had

ELECTRICAL COMMISSIONING

their own commissioning specifications for

SPECIFICATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL POWER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

many years without a standard to reference.

The demand for commercial, industrial, utility, and generation commissioning has been on the rise over the last 10 to 15 years, much of which is being driven by deregulation of the utility industry. New codes are requiring testing the functionality of the system per the system's design. While there are commissioning standards

for

industrial

and

commercial

systems, they do not include specifications for other electrical systems. The ANSI/NETA ECS gives the industry a tool for commissioning electrical

systems

that

encompasses

the

electrical industry as a whole."

Vicki

Warren,

Senior

2015 STANDARDS 1\Em.. newly-installed or retrofitted electrical power equipment and systems.

Commissioning is

critical for all new or retrofit installation projects to verifY the correct system operation to the design, thus contributing to the safe and reliable operation of the system. The commissioning process involves owner's project requirements (OPR), basis of design documentation (BOD), factory acceptance tests, field acceptance tests, verification of the component interconnections,

Product

Engineer

and functional testing of the system in part and

at IRIS Power LP, added, "My take is that

in whole. Additionally, acceptance tests and

commissioning

to

commissioning work provide baseline results

ensure that when something is deemed good

for future routine maintenance of the system

or bad, that it is done so from an objective

and related components.

standards

are

necessary

NETA'S NEW ADDITION - COMING THIS SPRING

NETAWORLD

•

1 1 1

NEWS Blizard explains it as follows, "The ANSI/ NETA ECS is designed to integrate the ANSI/ NETA ATS into the commissioning process.

Acceptance and commissioning testing services will utilize the manufacturer testing acceptance specifications and the ANSIINETA ATS for individual equipment testing.

In essence,

the acceptance testing proves the equipment functionality

and

correct

installation,

the

ANSIINETA ECS will prove the functionality of the electrical system as a whole."

The Commissioning Process; NECA 090-2004, Commissioning Building Electrical Systems; NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace; and Occupational Safety and Health Act 29 CFR Part 1910 and 1926 were taken into consideration when drafting the ANSIINETA ECS. The drafted scope of the ANSIINETA ECS is as follows:

documenting,

and

placing

It

is

not

the

intent

of

these specifications to provide comprehensive details on the commissioning of mechanical equipment,

mechanical

instrumentation

systems, and related components.

The document is divided into sections that address organizations, division of responsibility, general information and requirements for equipment and documentation, power system studies, the commissioning process, inspection and comm1sswning

procedures,

thermographic

surveys, transfer to owner/operator, definitions, acronyms, and some additional appendices for reference purposes which are not part of the standard. The section in inspection is divided into three categories: low-voltage systems(< 1 kV); medium-voltage systems(> 1 kV and < 100 kV); and high-voltage and extra­ high voltage systems (> 100 kV and < 1,000

document shall be used in conjunction with

kV). These sections are, in turn, divided into

the most recent edition of the ANSI/NETA

visual and mechanical inspection, energization,

Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems (ANSIINETA ATS). The individual

and post-energization.

validate the individual components.

This new standard by NETA will provide a greater understanding of the requirements involved in successfully commissioning newly­ installed equipment and systems, which in turn lends to successful maintenance and

2. The purpose of these specifications is to assure that tested electrical systems are safe, reliable, and operational; are in conformance with applicable standards and manufacturers' tolerances; and are installed in accordance with design specifications.

testing based on relevant, accurate, and usable historical data collected early in the life of the system.

This document is intended to be used by electrical testing

agencies,

electrical

comm1sswning

agencies, utilities, facility mangers, electrical

3. The work specified in these specifications

WINTER 2014

systems.

electrical power equipment and systems. This

to factory and field tests, as required, to

•

and

into service newly-installed or retrofitted

electrical components shall be subjected

112

for application on electrical power equipment

and commissioning procedures, Section 7,

1. These specifications describe the systematic of

4. These specifications are specifically intended

qualifications of personnel and commissioning

Documents such as ASHRAE Guideline 0,

process

to the use of these specifications.

engineers,

architect and engineering firms,

may involve hazardous voltages, materials,

electrical inspectors, owners and operators,

operations,

industrial

and

equipment.

These

facilities,

electrical

and

general

specifications do not purport to address all

contractors, and anyone responsible for assuring

of the safety issues associated with their use.

the safe and accurate installation and eventual

It is the responsibility of the user to review

operation

all applicable regulatory requirements prior

and systems.

of

electrical

power

equipment

NETA'S NEW ADDITION- COMING THIS SPRING

As it is with all nascent standards, there will be

As always, NETA welcomes participation from

room to grow and improve upon the document

all who are vested in these types of electrical

in future editions as awareness increases and as

installations.

the industry involves.

Paul Hartman, Ballot

Pool participant, agrees: "There is a real need for an Electrical Commissioning Standard, and I am glad to see NETA take the lead on this task.

NETA's experience in developing other quality ANSI standards makes the organization a great

As it stands, NETA is proud to introduce this new ANSIINETA

standard into

the

family of documents that are the cornerstone of

the

association

and

looks

forward

to

its promulgation within the industry. The

that the process is more of a journey than a

Standard for Electrical Commissioning Specificationsfor Electrical Power Equipment and Systems will be available in the

destination and that the first edition will be a

spring of 2015 at Power Test 2015 in Nashville,

foundation to build upon for future revisions."

Tennessee, and online at www.netaworld.org.

fit for developing this document. They know

ANSIINETA

ECS

Providing the highest level of quality service.

Testing Services • •

Substation Maintenance and Repairs

Short Circuit Analysis

Preventive Maintenance & AcceptanceTesting

•

Coordination Study

Transformer Oil, Insulation, Power Factor,

•

Arc Flash Hazard Analysis

& LTCTesting

•

Load Survey, Harmonic Analysis, Power

o o o •

Engineering Services •

Circuit Breaker High Current & Solid State

Factor Study

Testing; Solid State Conversions

•

System Upgrades

Cable Fault Locating

•

One-line Diagram Development

Infrared Inspections

WWW. N-E-T-1 NC.COM

Accessible Consulting Engineers, Inc. (ACE) is an electrical engineering, consulting, and testing comcompany specializing in electrical system design and testtesting. Services include new and retrofit construction in industrial, commercial, and technical facilities. ACE prides themselves on providing quality service with a strong focus on cost and efficiency.

ACE is approved as an independent electrical testing company by local jurisdictions in Southern CaliforCalifornia. Their registered electrical engineers evaluate and certify non-listed electrical equipment for compliance to nationally recognized safety standards. Acceptance and maintenance testing is performed per the InterInterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) stanstandards. ACE’s test equipment is calibrated by a certicertified third-party company traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

ACE acceptance and maintenance testing services ininclude high-, medium-, and low-voltage electrical syssystems. ACE personnel collectively have over 100 years

of experience testing and troubleshooting electrical equipment.

Since 1996, ACE engineers have assisted hundreds of clients in electrical system design, power distribution, lighting design, system protection, power quality, equipment evaluation, testing, and code compliance.

Over 2,200 contracted projects have been completed, representing approximately 98 percent of all projects on which the company has bid. Each of these projects was completed within the proposed budget and time frame.

ACE’s commitment is to provide high quality, innoinno vative engineering and testing services with highest safety standards in mind. ACE is proud to be a NETA Accredited Company.

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ACTIVITY

ANSI/NETA STANDARDS UPDATE ANSI/NETA ECS-2015

ANSI/NETA ETT-2015

STANDARD FOR

CERTIFICATION OF ELEC TRI RIC C AL TES TEST TIN ING TECHNICIANS

ANSI/NETA MTS-2015 REVISION IN PROCESS The second public review period for reresponses to comments resulting from the initial ballot of the ANSI/NETA MTS concluded on September 1, 2014. This public review period coincided with the balloting of the responses to comments from members of the ballot pool. ApAp proval of this document is expected in early 2015, with the publication availavailable in March, 2015, at PowerTest in Nashville, Tennessee. This document contains specifications that cover the suggested field tests and inspections that are available to assess the suitability for continued service and reliability of elecelectrical power equipment and systems.

The purpose of these specifications is to assure that tested electrical equipment and systems are operational and within applicable standards and manufacturmanufacturers’ tolerances and that the equipment and systems are suitable for continued service.

116

•

WINTER 2014

ANSI/NETA ETT-2015 REVISION IN PROCESS The second public review period for reresponses to comments resulting from the initial ballot of the ANSI/NETA ETT concluded on September 1, 2014. This public review period coincided with the balloting of the responses to comments from members of the ballot pool. ApAp proval of this document is expected in early 2015, with the publication availavailable in March, 2015, at PowerTest in Nashville, Tennessee. The ANSI/NETA Standard for Certification of Electrical Testing Technicians was approved as a revised American National Standard on January 8, 2010. This standard establishes minimum requirements for qualificaqualifications, certification, training, and experiexperience for the electrical testing technician.

It also provides criteria for documenting qualifications for certification and details the minimum qualifications for an indeindependent and impartial certifying body to certify electrical testing technicians.

STANDARD FOR

ELECTRICAL COM CO MM MIS ISS SION ONIING NG S P E C I F I C AT I O N S

FOR

ELECTRICAL

POWER

EQUI UIPM PME ENT AND SYST SYSTE EMS

ANSI/NETA ECS-2015 The second public review period for reresponses to comments resulting from the initial ballot of the ANSI/NETA ECS concluded on September 1, 2014. This public review period coincided with the balloting of the responses to comments from members of the ballot pool. The Standards Review Council reviewed all comments submitted during the SRC meeting that took place October 23-25, 2014. The document is projected to be approved in early 2015, and should be available by March 2015 at PowerTest in Nashville, Tennessee. The ANSI/NETA ECS describes the systematic process of documenting and placing into service newly–installed or retrofitted electrielectrical power equipment and systems. This document shall be used in conjunction with the most recent edition of the ANSI/NETA Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems.

Systems. The individual electrical components shall be subjected to factory and field tests, as required, to validate the individual components. It

ANSI/NETA STANDARDS UPDATES

TECH QUIZ ANSWERS

No. 108

A N S W E R S ANSWERS

1. To be a qualified worker (having the skills and knowledge

required to work on or near energized electrical conductors and circuit parts) is not a simple thing. Many workers believe that they are qualified if they have the technical skills needed for the job. That is only half right. OSHA and 70E require a level of electrical safety knowledge and skill, as well. Without those, a person is unqualified. Reference NFPA 70E Section 110.2(D)(1). a. Skills and techniques to determine energized parts from deenergized parts b. Skills and techniques to determine the nominal voltage c. Skills and techniques to determine the minimum safe approach distances to energized conductors and circuit parts d. Correct use of precautionary techniques e. Correct use of PPE, including arc flash suit f. Correct use of insulating and shielding materials g. Correct use of insulated and insulating tools h. Ability to determine the degree and extent of the hazard and be able to plan the job safely 2. c. Retraining is required every three years. Note that

A simple way to determine the full-load current of a 480 V transformer is that for every 500 kVA of transformer size, there is approximately 600 A of full-load current. Our example 2,500 kVA transformer would then have about 3,000 A capacity. The percent impedance of the transformer is divided by 100 to make it an actual impedance, so 5% becomes 0.05. Plugging the numbers in: 2,500 kVA = 60,000 A short-circuit available current at the secondary.

5% 100 4. This is another piece of knowledge every field service technician

should know. The approach distances for the following voltages: a. 208 V Limited – 42” (3’ 6”) Restricted - Avoid contact b. 277Y/4890 V Limited – 42” (3’ 6”) Restricted -12” (1’) c. 4.16 kV Limited – 60” (5’) Restricted - 26” (2’ 2”) d. 13.8 kV Limited – 60” (5’) Restricted – 26” (2’ 2”) e. 25 kV Limited – 72” (6’) Restricted – 31” (2’ 7”)

retraining is required, not just refresher training. Refresher training can take place at shorter intervals (and should), but the intent of this section was to have people receive training 5. a. By definition an unqualified person cannot determine the that would cover the changes in NFPA 70E and any changes hazards or be able to avoid them. The only time an unqualified to procedures or their electrical safety program that needed person can be in the Limited Space (the space between the to be communicated. Reference Section 110.2(D)(3).

Limited and Restricted Approach Boundaries) is if they are continuously escorted. Continuously is the key word. If their escort leaves the Limited Space, the unqualified person 3. a. Everyone should be able to perform this calculation. must also leave it. An unqualified person can not cross the Sometimes accurate information is just not available and the Restricted Approach Boundary under any circumstances. nearest upstream transformer has to be used to determine the available short circuit current. It is a conservative method, but that is not a bad thing in this case. The equation is: NFPA Disclaimer: Although Jim White is a member of the NFPA Transformer Full-Load Current = Short-Circuit Current Transformer % Impedance 100

118

•

WINTER 2014

Technical Committee for both NFPA 70E “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace” and NFPA 70B “Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance,” the views and opinions expressed in this message are purely the author’s and shall not be considered an official position of the NFPA or any of its technical committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a formal interpretation or promotion of the NFPA. Readers are encouraged to refer to the entire text of all referenced documents.

TECH QUIZ

Power Clamp-On Meters 400 & 600 Series MODELS 407 & 607 are available with an Android™ application for easy programming, data downloading, printing and e-mailing test results from your mobile device. With its mobile GPS capability, users are now able to easily locate the site associated with the measurements.

IP 54

Rated

Measures up to 2000AAC and 3000ADC (600 series)

10,000 count blue electroluminescent backlit display

Measures up to 1000VAC/DC (1400V peak) and AC+DC with resolution to 10mV

Measures TDH and individual harmonics up to the 25th

Measures single- and three-phase power

Records up to 1000 measurements

Auto selects AC or DC measurement

UL94 VI Flame retardant self-extinguishing (model dependent)

True InRush ® current measurement with 1 ms peak capture measures start up and running Inrush

Leads are constructed with a flexible silicone material Wireless Bluetooth data transfer (model dependent)

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS A CTIVITY

ASTM F18 ��UlJ1ill� ��[WI]�@ APRIL 5-9, 2014

BY JIM WHITE, Shermco Industries

The Spring meeting of the AST M F18 Committee

at voltage less than 600 volts and not usually

(Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers) was

above that.

conducted in Toronto, Canada this year.

The

whether or not to include it in the current F696,

F18 Committee has responsibility for a wide

but a preliminary decision was to introduce a new

Some discussion revolved around

range of electrical protective devices and clothing

standard so F696 would not be impacted when it

associated with electrical workers. Some examples

came up for revision. NETA-member companies

are insulated and insulating gloves and hand tools,

will often be required to wear a cut-resistant glove

arc-rated clothing and PPE, personal protective

when performing maintenance or other tasks. At

grounds, eyewear, footwear, live-line tools and

times, technicians are forced to wear cut-resistant

even insulating links for cranes.

Because of its

gloves over rubber insulating gloves and leather

scope, NETA represents the interests of its member

protectors, greatly hindering dexterity which in

companies on F18.

itself can be hazardous. The development of this

In my opinion, the primary item on the docket

standard would aid all NETA-member companies.

for this meeting was the guide for arc rating hand

Some other notes from the subcommittee meetings

protection. This had been set aside on numerous

that are of interest:

occasions and has been ten years in trying to move it through the F18 Committee.

The primary

•

some arc-rated shorts may have one rating on

objection seemed to be that the utility members

the front but a lower rating on the back. This

on the committee did not believe it was needed

should not be a concern to NETA-member

and would add cost to a widely-used product. By

companies or their technicians, but it would

making it a guide, the requirements included in the

be worth asking the distributor if this is the

new standard will not be mandatory, but can be

case. It is always worthwhile to know what

referred to when customers request it. Many of the

you are buying and comparing to.

manufacturers attending said they were already arc­ rating gloves on request. The new guide is F2675/ F2675M-13 Standard Test Methodfor Determining Arc Ratings of Hand Protective Products Developed and Usedfor ElectricalArc Flash Protection.

On a related topic, nonleather protector gloves were discussed.

There have been requests to the F18

committee about a standard for composite gloves that have cut and grip capabilities not present in leather protectors.

120 • WINTER 2014

This type of gloves is needed

In the F1959 meeting it was brought out that

•

Plastic zippers included in arc-rated clothing will fail at about 20 cal/cm2. Since most are covered by arc-rated fabric and grip-and-lock closures, this again may not be an issue. I've had some discussions with members about arc-rated clothing that does not include zipper-type closures, with them voicing the opinion that zippers add considerably to the safety of the garment. I do believe that they

ASTM F 7 8 COMMITTEE MEETING

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ACTIVITY

allow an easier dosing of the front of the

voltage form .. . "

garment, but the wearer needs to be doubly

proposed to be clarified for the next revision

certain that there is no opening to expose the

cycle so its intent is better understood.

zipper to the heat of the electrical arc.

• •

When using hand-held portable live-line tool

The mechanical apparatus standard continues to deal with the negatives from Dr. Pratt, who

testers, be certain to follow the manu&cturer's

believes the standard is not requiring safe

instructions. Some of these live-line testers have

testing of insulating links for cranes. There

to make up to four passes to complete the test

has been no concrete evidence of any failure

while others do not. Again, NETA-member

under the current standard that has resulted in

companies need to understand what they are

an injury or fatality.

about to purchase and are using in the field.

•

The current language is

Some

discussion

at this meeting as some in the past, but NETA­

accuracy of the voltmeters used for testing

members can be greatly affected by what F18 does

protective

about

equipment.

or does not do. I would encourage other interested

The questions concerned what a "true rms

parties to attend F 18 meetings and to participate

meter". Analog meters are true rms, while

in the balloting for these various standards so our

digital meters may approximate the rms

voice can be heard. Attendance at the committee

reading.

insulating

made

There were not as many NETA-related topics

the

rubber

was

This can have an effect on the

meetings is not necessary and can be done by

indicated voltage. The standard now reads

proxie.

"The correct rms value of the sinusoidal

Orlando,Florida,October 19-24,2014.

The next ASTM F18 meeting is in

SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS ACTIVITY

BY RALPH PATTERSON, Power Products and Solutions

David Huffman, NETA Accredited Representative

As an ANSI Accredited Standards Developing

and president of Power Systems Testing Co.,

Organization, it is imperative

that NETA

represents NETA on NFPA 70B Recommended

stay

with

Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance.

standards making organizations within

involved

other the

NFPA 70B details preventive maintenance

electrical industry. NETA representatives to other organization code panels and standards

systems

those

bodies are not only able to assure that NETA's

used in industrial plants, institutional and

standards are accurately and correctly referenced

commercial

and

equipment, buildings,

residential

such

and

complexes,

as

large

multi­

when appropriate, but that NETA's references

to

prevent

to documents such

equipment failures and worker injuries. The

as

NFPA 70B, NFPA

70E, NFPA 70, along with documents from

standard explains why an effective electrical

ASTM, EASA, ICC, ICEA, IEEE, NEMA (to

preventive maintenance (EPM) program is

list a few), are also referenced correctly within

essential to protect lives and property, how

the NETA standards. This assures that NETA

to plan and develop an EPM and provide

is in compliance with ANSI's requirements that

protection for maintenance personnel, and

there is not duplication or conflict between

provides guidance concerning all types of

standards documents.

equipment and assemblies.

•

and

for electrical, electronic, and communication

family

122

informed

It is vital that standards developers keep the

Dave reports that the NFPA 70B committee

lines of communication open to assure that

met in San Antonio from March 12 to

every standard is as accurate and relevant to

March 14, 2014 for the first draft meeting,

real-world situations as possible. There is so

formerly known as the report on proposals

much to manage when it comes to standardized

(ROP) meeting. The committee broke up

practices that no single organization can do it

into task groups to address various issues.

alone. NETA thanks all those who volunteer

Public input items were also addressed. The

their time to create industry standards, be it

first revision ballot opened May 6, 2014, and

on one committee or several. Each person who

is now closed. The NFPA 70B correlating

donates his or her time and talent helps keep

committee held a conference call on June 1,

the lights on and makes the workplace a little

2014, to continue its work.

safer each day.

WINTER 2014

NETA REPRESENTATION TECHNICAL UPDATE

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Farmingdale, NY 11735 (576) 531-9136 Fax: (631) 249-6115 wfernandez@bandelectric.com www.bectesting.com William (Billy) Fernandez

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ABM Electrical Power Solutions 4390 Parliament Place, Ste. S Lanham, MD 20706 (301) 967-3500 Fax: (301) 735-8953 www.ABM.com Frank Ceci

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Burlington Electrical Testing Co., Inc. 300 Cedar Ave. Croydon, PA 19021-6051 (215) 826-9400 (221) Fax: (215) 826-0964 waltc@betest.com www.betest.com Walter P. Cleary

ABM Electrical Power Solutions 3602 East Southern Ave., Ste. 1 & 2 Phoenix, AZ 85040 (602) 796-6583 www.ABM.com Ben Thomas

ABM Electrical Power Solutions 3600 Woodpark Blvd., Suite G Charlotte, NC 28206 (704) 273-6257 Fax: (704) 598-9812 ernest.goins@abm.com www.ABM.com Ernest Goins

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ABM Electrical Power Solutions 720 S. Rochester Ave., Suite A Ontario, CA 91761 (951) 522-8855 Fax: (909) 937-6798 www.ABM.com Ben Thomas

ABM Electrical Power Solutions 2142 Rheem Drive Pleasanton, CA 94588 (408) 399-3030 Fax: (800) 597-1225 www.ABM.com Ben Thomas

Accessible Consulting Engineers, Inc. 1269 Pomona Rd., Ste. 111 Corona, CA 92882 (951) 808-1040 info@acetesting.com www.acetesting.com Iraj Nasrolahi

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124

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WINTER 2014

Absolute Testing Services 6829 Guhn Rd. Houston, TX 77040 (832) 467-4446 Fax: (713) 849-3885 rgamble@absolutetesting.com www.texasats.com Richard Gamble Advanced Testing Systems 15 Trowbridge Dr. Bethel, CT 06801 (203) 743-2001 Fax: (203) 743-2325 pmaccarthy@advtest.com www.advtest.com Pat MacCarthy

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. 4032 Park 65 Dr. Indianapolis, IN 46254 (317) 487-2111 Fax: (781) 821-0771 scanale@aetco.us www.99aetco.com Stephen Canale American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. Green Hills Commerce Center 5925 Tilghman St., Ste. 200 Allentown, PA 18104 (215) 219-6800 jmunley@aetco.us www.99aetco.com Jonathan Munley American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. 12566 W. Indianola Ave. Avondale, AZ 85392 (480) 383-9242 dmadaglia@aetco.us www.99aetco.com Donald Madaglia AMP Quality Energy Services, LLC 4220 West Schrimsher SW Site W1 P.O. Box 526, Huntsville, AL 35804 (256) 513-8255 Brian Rodgers Apparatus Testing and Engineering PO Box 984, Folsom, CA 95763-0984 (916) 853-6280 Fax: (916) 853-6258 jlawler@apparatustesting.com www.apparatustesting.com James Lawler

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. 480 Neponset St., Building 6 Canton, MA 02021-1970 (781) 821-0121 Fax: (781) 821-0771 sblizard@aetco.us www.99aetco.com Scott A. Blizard

Apparatus Testing and Engineering 7083 Commerce Circle, Ste. H Pleasanton, CA 94588 (925) 454-1363 Fax: (925) 454-1499 info@apparatustesting.com www.apparatustesting.com Harold (Jerry) Carr

American Electrical Testing Co., Inc. 34 Clover Dr. South Windsor, CT 06074 (860) 648-1013 Fax: (781) 821-0771 jpoulin@aetco.us www.99aetco.com Gerald Poulin

Applied Engineering Concepts 1105 N. Allen Ave. Pasadena, CA 91104 (626) 398-3052 Fax: (626) 398-3053 michel.c@aec-us.com www.aec-us.com Michel Castonguay

C.E. Testing, Inc. 6148 Tim Crews Rd. Macclenny, FL 32063 (904) 653-1900 Fax: (904) 653-1911 cetesting@aol.com Mark Chapman CE Power Solutions, LLC 4040 Rev Dr. Cincinnati, OH 45232 (513) 563-6150 Fax: (513) 563-6120 info@cepowersol.net www.cepowersol.com Rhonda Harris CE Power Solutions of Minnesota, LLC 7674 Washington Ave. South Eden Prairie, MN 55344 (877) 968-0281 Fax: (952) 400-8772 jason.thompson@cepower.net www.cepower-MN.com Jason Thompson Control Power Concepts 353 Pilot Rd; Ste. B Las Vegas, NV 89119 (702) 448-7833 Fax: (702) 448-7835 www.controlpowerconcepts.com John Travis Dude Electrical Testing LLC 145 Tower Dr., Unit# 9 Burr Ridge, IL 60527 (815) 293-3388 Fax: (815) 293-3386 scott.dude@dudetesting.com www.dudetesting.com Scott Dude DYMAX Service, LLC 46918 Liberty Dr. Wixom, MI 48393 (248) 313-6868 Fax: (248) 313-6869 www.dymaxservice.com Bruce Robinson DYMAX Service, LLC 4213 Kropf Ave. Canton, OH 44706 (330) 484-6801 Fax: (740) 333-1271 www.dymaxservice.com Chuck Baker

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES Setting the Standard Eastern High Voltage 11A South Gold Dr. Robbinsville, NJ 08691-1606 (609) 890-8300 Fax: (609) 588-8090 joewilson@easternhighvoltage.com www.easternhighvoltage.com Joseph Wilson ELECT, P.C. 7400-G Siemens Rd., P.O. Box 2080 Wendell, NC 27591 (919) 365-9775 Fax: (919) 365-9789 btyndall@elect-pc.com www.elect-pc.com Barry W. Tyndall Electric Power Systems, Inc. 21 Millpark Ct. Maryland Heights, MO 63043 (314) 890-9999 Fax: (314) 890-9998 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 557 E. Juanita Ave., #4 Mesa, AZ 85204 (480) 633-1490 Fax: (480) 633-7092 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 4436 Parkway Commerce Blvd.

Orlando, FL 32808 (407) 578-6424 Fax: 407-578-6408 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 7000 E. 47th Avenue Drive, Suite 100 Denver, CO 80216 (720) 857-7273 Fax: 303-928-8020 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 23823 Andrew Rd. Plainfield, IL 60585 (815) 577-9515 Fax: (815) 577-9516 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 2601 Center Rd., # 101 Hinckley, OH 44233 (330) 460-3706 Fax: (330) 460-3708 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 56 Bibber Pkwy #1 Brunswick, ME 04011 (207) 837-6527 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 4100 Greenbriar Dr., Ste. 160 Stafford, TX 77477 (713) 644-5400 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 11861 Longsdorf St. Riverview, MI 48193 (734) 282-3311 www.epsii.com

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

Electric Power Systems, Inc. 827 Union St., Salem, VA 24153 (540) 375-0084 Fax: (540) 375-0094 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 915 Holt Ave., Unit 9 Manchester, NH 03109 (603) 657-7371 Fax: 603-657-7370 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 146 Space Park Dr. Nashville, TN 37211 (615) 834-0999 Fax: (615) 834-0129 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 8515 Cella Alameda NE, Ste. A Albuquerque, NM 87113 (505) 792-7761 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 7140 Dean Martin Drive, Suite 900 Las Vegas, NV 89118 (702) 815-1342 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 319 US Hwy. 70 E, Unit E Garner, NC 27529 (919) 322-2670 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 1090 Montour West Industrial Blvd.

Coraopolis, PA 15108 (412) 276-4559 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 6141 Connecticut Ave. Kansas City, MO 64120 (816) 241-9990 Fax: (816) 241-9992 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 2495 Boulevard of the Generals Norristown, PA 19403 (610) 630-0286 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 1129 East Hwy. 30 Gonzalez, LA 70817 (225) 644-0150 Fax: (225) 644-6249 www.epsii.com Electric Power Systems, Inc. 7925 Dunbrook Rd., Ste. G San Diego, CA 92126 (858) 566-6317 www.epsii.com Electrical & Electronic Controls 6149 Hunter Rd. Ooltewah, TN 37363 (423) 344-7666 (23) Fax: (423) 344-4494 eecontrols@comcast.net Michael Hughes

Electrical Energy Experts, Inc. W129N10818, Washington Dr. Germantown, WI 53022 (262) 255-5222 Fax: (262) 242-2360 bill@electricalenergyexperts.com www.electricalenergyexperts.com William Styer Electrical Equipment Upgrading, Inc. 21 Telfair Place, Savannah, GA 31415 (912) 232-7402 Fax: (912) 233-4355 kmiller@eeu-inc.com www.eeu-inc.com Kevin Miller Electrical Maintenance & Testing Inc. 12342 Hancock St., Carmel, IN 46032 (317) 853-6795 Fax: (317) 853-6799 info@emtesting.com www.emtesting.com Brian K. Borst Electrical Reliability Services 1057 Doniphan Park Circle, Ste. A El Paso, TX 79922 (915) 587-9440 Fax: (915) 587-9010 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 1775 W. University Dr., Ste. 128 Tempe, AZ 85281 (480) 966-4568 Fax: (480) 966-4569 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 1426 Sens Rd. Ste. 5 Houston, TX 77571 (281) 241-2800 Fax: (281) 241-2801 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 4099 SE International Way, Ste. 201 Milwaukie, OR 97222-8853 (503) 653-6781 Fax: (503) 659-9733 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 5909 Sea Lion Place, Ste. C Carlsbad, CA 92010 (858) 695-9551 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 8500 Washington Pl. NE, Ste. A-6 Albuquerque, NM 87113 (505) 822-0237 Fax: (505) 822-0217 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 1380 Greg Street, Ste. 217 Sparks, NV 89431 (775) 746-8484 Fax: (775) 356-5488 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 2275 Northwest Pkwy SE, Ste. 180 Marietta, GA 30067 (770) 541-6600 Fax: (770) 541-6501 www.electricalreliability.com

Electrical Reliability Services 7100 Broadway, Ste. 7E Denver, CO 80221-2915 (303) 427-8809 Fax: (303) 427-4080 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 348 N.W. Capital Dr. Lee's Summit, MO 64086 (816) 525-7156 Fax: (816) 524-3274 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 6900 Koll Center Parkway, Ste. 415 Pleasanton, CA 94566 (925) 485-3400 Fax: (925) 485-3436 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 10606 Bloomfield Ave. Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 (562) 236-9555 Fax: (562) 777-8914 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 14141 Airline Hwy., Bldg 1; Ste. X Baton Rouge, LA 70817 (225) 755-0530 Fax: (225) 751-5055 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 121 Highway 108 East Sulphur, LA 70665 (337) 583-2411 Fax: (337) 583-2410 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 11000 Metro Pkwy., Ste. 30 Ft. Myers, FL 33966 (239) 693-7100 Fax: (239) 693-7772 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 2222 West Valley Hwy. N., Ste 160 Auburn, WA 98001 (253) 736-6010 Fax: (253) 736-6015 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 3412 South 1400 West, Unit A West Valley City, UT 84119 (801) 975-6461 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 6351 Hinson St., Ste. B Las Vegas, NV 89118 (702) 597-0020 Fax: (702) 597-0095 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 9636 St. Vincent, Unit A Shreveport, LA 71106 (318) 869-4244 www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Reliability Services 6135 Lakeview Rd., Ste 500 Charlotte, NC 28269 (704) 441-1497 www.electricalreliability.com

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NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES Setting the Standard Electrical Reliability Services 610 Executive Campus Dr. Westerville, OH 43082 (877) 468-6384 Fax: (614) 410-8420 info@electricalreliability.com www.electricalreliability.com Electrical Testing, Inc. 2671 Cedartown Hwy. Rome, GA 30161-6791 (706) 234-7623 Fax: (706) 236-9028 steve@electricaltestinginc.com www.electricaltestinginc.com Electrical Testing Solutions 2909 Green Hill Ct. Oshkosh, WI 54904 (920) 420-2986 Fax: (920) 235-7136 tmachado@electricaltestingsolutions.com www.electricaltestingsolutions.com Tito Machado

Hampton Tedder Technical Services 4571 State St. Montclair, CA 91763 (909) 628-1256 x214 Fax: (909) 628-6375 matt.tedder@hamptontedder.com www.hamptontedder.com Matt Tedder Hampton Tedder Technical Services 4920 Alto Ave. Las Vegas, NV 89115 (702) 452-9200 Fax: (702) 453-5412 www.hamptontedder.com Roger Cates Hampton Tedder Technical Services 3747 West Roanoke Ave. Phoenix, AZ 85009 (480) 967-7765 Fax: (480) 967-7762 www.hamptontedder.com

Elemco Services, Inc. 228 Merrick Rd. , Lynbrook, NY 11563 (631) 589-6343 Fax: (631) 589-6670 courtney@elemco.com www.elemco.com Courtney O'Brien

Harford Electrical Testing Co., Inc. 1108 Clayton Rd. Joppa, MD 21085 (410) 679-4477 Fax: (410) 679-0800 testing@harfordtesting.com www.harfordtesting.com Vincent Biondino

EnerG Test 204 Gale Lane Bldg. 2 - 2nd Floor Kennett Square, PA 19348 (484) 731-0200 Fax: (484) 713-0209 kbleiler@energtest.com www.energtest.com Katie Bleiler

High Energy Electrical Testing, Inc. 515 S. Ocean Ave. Seaside Park, NJ 08752 (732) 938-2275 Fax: (732) 938-2277 hinrg@comcast.net www.highenergyelectric.com Charles Blanchard

Energis High Voltage Resources, Inc. 1361 Glory Rd. Green Bay, WI 54304 (920) 632-7929 Fax: (920) 632-7928 info@energisinc.com www.energisinc.com Mick Petzold EPS Technology 29 N. Plains Hwy., Ste. 12 Wallingford, CT 06492 (203) 679-0145 www.eps-technology.com Grounded Technologies, Inc. 10505 S. Progress Way, Ste. 105 Parker, CO 80134 P-(303) 781-2560 F- (303) 781-5240 jodymedina@groundedtech.com www.groundedtech.com Jody Medina Grubb Engineering, Inc. 3128 Sidney Brooks San Antonio, Tx 78235 (210) 658-7250 Fax: (210) 658-9805 joy@grubbengineering.com www.grubbengineering.com Robert D. Grubb Jr.

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High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

24 Walpole Park South Dr. Walpole, MA 02081 (508) 668-9205 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

941 Busse Rd. Elk Grove Village, Il 60007 (847) 640-0005 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

7200 Industrial Park Blvd.

Mentor, OH 44060 (440) 951-2706 Fax: (440) 951-6798 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

3000 S. Calhoun Rd. New Berlin, WI 53151 (262) 784-3660 Fax: (262) 784-5124 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

8320 Brookville Rd. #E Indianapolis, IN 46239 (317) 322-2055 Fax: (317) 322-2056 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

1250 Broadway, Ste. 2300 New York, NY 10001 (718) 239-0359 www.hvmcorp.com

High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

355 Vista Park Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15205-1206 (412) 747-0550 Fax: (412) 747-0554 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

150 North Plains Industrial Rd. Wallingford, CT 06492 (203) 949-2650 Fax: (203) 949-2646 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

9305 Gerwig Ln., Ste. B Columbia, MD 21046 (410) 309-5970 Fax: (410) 309-0220 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

24371 Catherine Industrial Dr, Ste. 207 Novi, MI 48375 (248) 305-5596 Fax: (248) 305-5579 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Maintenance Corp.

5100 Energy Dr. Dayton, OH 45414 (937) 278-0811 Fax: (937) 278-7791 www.hvmcorp.com High Voltage Service, LLC 4751 Mustang Circle St. Paul, MN 55112 (763) 784-4040 Fax: (763) 784-5397 www.hvserviceinc.com Mike Mavetz HMT, Inc. 6268 Route 31 Cicero, NY 13039 (315) 699-5563 Fax: (315) 699-5911 jpertgen@hmt-electric.com www.hmt-electric.com John Pertgen Industrial Electric Testing, Inc. 11321 West Distribution Ave. Jacksonville, FL 32256 (904) 260-8378 Fax: (904) 260-0737 gbenzenberg@bellsouth.net www.industrialelectrictesting.com Gary Benzenberg Industrial Electric Testing, Inc. 201 NW 1st Ave. Hallandale, FL 33009-4029 (954) 456-7020 www.industrialelectrictesting.com Industrial Electronics Group 850369 Highway 17 South P.O. Box 1870 Yulee, FL 32041 (904) 225-9529 Fax: (904) 225-0834 butch@industrialgroups.com www.industrialgroups.com Butch E. Teal

Industrial Tests, Inc. 4021 Alvis Ct., Ste. 1 Rocklin, CA 95677 (916) 296-1200 Fax: (916) 632-0300 greg@indtest.com www.industrialtests.com Greg Poole Infra-Red Building and Power Service 152 Centre St. Holbrook, MA 02343-1011 (781) 767-0888 Fax: (781) 767-3462 tom.mcdonald@infraredbps.com www.infraredbps.com Thomas McDonald Sr. Longo Electrical-Mechanical, Inc. One Harry Shupe Blvd., Box 511 Wharton, NJ 07885 (973) 537-0400 Fax: (937) 537-0404 jmlongo@elongo.com www.elongo.com Joe Longo Longo Electrical-Mechanical, Inc. 1625 Pennsylvania Ave. Linden, NJ 07036 (908) 925-2900 Fax: (908) 925-9427 jmlongo@elongo.com www.elongo.com Joe Longo Longo Electrical-Mechanical, Inc. 1400 F Adams Rd. Bensalem, PA 19020 (215) 638-1333 Fax: (215) 638-1366 jmlongo@elongo.com www.elongo.com Joe Longo M&L Power Systems, Inc. 109 White Oak Ln., Ste. 82 Old Bridge, NJ 08857 (732) 679-1800 Fax: (732) 679-9326 milind@mlpower.com www.mlpower.com Milind Bagle Magna Electric Corporation 1033 Kearns Crescent, Box 995 Regina, SK S4P 3B2 Canada (306) 949-8131 Fax: (306) 522-9181 kheid@magnaelectric.com www.magnaelectric.com Kerry Heid Magna Electric Corporation 851-58th St. East Saskatoon, SK S7K 6X5 Canada (306) 955-8131 Fax: (306) 955-9181 ajaques@magnaelectric.com www.magnaelectric.com Adam Jaques

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES Setting the Standard Magna Electric Corporation 3430 25th St. NE Calgary, AB T1Y 6C1 Canada (403) 769-9300 Fax: (403)769-9369 cgrant@magnaelectric.com www.magnaelectric.com Cal Grant Magna Electric Corporation 1375 Church Ave. Winnipeg, MB R2X 2T7 Canada (204) 925-4022 Fax: (204) 925-4021 cbrandt@magnaelectric.com www.magnaelectric.com Curtis Brandt Magna IV Engineering 1103 Parsons Rd. SW Edmonton, AB T6X 0X2 Canada (780) 462-3111 Fax: (780) 450-2994 info@magnaiv.com www.magnaiv.com Virgina Balitski Magna IV Engineering 200, 688 Heritage Dr. Calgary, AB T2H 1M6 Canada (403) 723-0575 Fax: (403) 723-0580 info.calgary@magnaiv.com Dave Emerson Magna IV Engineering 8219D Fraser Ave. Fort McMurray, AB T9H 0A2 Canada (780) 791-3122 Fax: (780) 791-3159 info.fmcmurray@magnaiv.com Ryan Morgan Magna IV Engineering 96 Inverness Dr. East, Unit R Englewood, CO 80112 (303) 799-1273 Fax: (303) 790-4816 info.denver@magnaiv.com Aric Proskurniak Magna IV Engineering Avenida del Condor #590 Oficina 601 Huechuraba, Santiago 8580676 Chile +(56) 9-9-517-4642 info.chile@magnaiv.com Cristian Fuentes Magna IV Engineering 1040 Winnipeg St. Regina , SK S4R 8P8 Canada (306) 585-2100 Fax: (306) 585-2191 info.regina@magnaiv.com Andrew Westerman Magna IV Engineering 106, 4268 Lozells Ave. Burnaby, BC VSA 0C6 Canada (604) 421-8020 William Kulsky NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

Magna IV Engineering 1005 Spinney Dr. Dawson Creek, BC V1G 1K1 Canada (780) 462-3111 Fax: (780) 462-9799 info@magnaiv.com David Limb

Potomac Testing, Inc. 1610 Professional Blvd., Ste. A Crofton, MD 21114 (301) 352-1930 Fax: (301) 352-1936 kbassett@potomactesting.com www.potomactesting.com Ken Bassett

Power Solutions Group, Ltd. 135 Old School House Rd. Piedmont, SC 29673 (864) 845-1084 Fax:: (864) 845-1085 fcrawford@powersolutionsgroup.com www.powersolutionsgroup.com Anthony Crawford

National Field Services 649 Franklin St. Lewisville, TX 75057 (972) 420-0157 www.natlfield.com Eric Beckman

Potomac Testing, Inc. 11179 Hopson Rd., Ste. 5 Ashland, VA 23005 (804) 798-7334 Fax: (804) 798-7456 www.potomactesting.com

Power Solutions Group, Ltd. 670 Lakeview Plaza Blvd.

Columbus, OH 43085 (614) 310-8018 sspohn@powersolutionsgroup.com www.powersolutionsgroup.com Stuart Spohn

Nationwide Electrical Testing, Inc. 6050 Southard Trace Cumming, GA 30040 (770) 667-1875 Fax: (770) 667-6578 Shashi@N-E-T-Inc.com www.n-e-t-inc.com Shashikant B. Bagle

Power & Generation Testing, Inc. 480 Cave Rd. Nashville, TN 37210 (615) 882-9455 Fax: (615) 882-9591 mose@pgti.net www.pgti.net Mose Ramieh

North Central Electric, Inc. 69 Midway Ave. Hulmeville, PA 19047-5827 (215) 945-7632 Fax: (215) 945-6362 ncetest@aol.com Robert Messina

Power Engineering Services, Inc. 9179 Shadow Creek Lane Converse, TX 78109 (210) 590-4936 Fax: (210) 590-6214 engelke@pe-svcs.com www.pe-svcs.com Miles R. Engelke

Northern Electrical Testing, Inc. 1991 Woodslee Dr. Troy, MI 48083-2236 (248) 689-8980 Fax: (248) 689-3418 ldetterman@northerntesting.com www.northerntesting.com Lyle Detterman

POWER PLUS Engineering, Inc. 46575 Magellan Novi, MI 48377 (248) 344-0200 Fax: (248) 305-9105 smancuso@epowerplus.com www.epowerplus.com Salvatore Mancuso

Orbis Engineering Field Services Ltd. #300, 9404 - 41st Ave. Edmonton, AB T6E 6G8 Canada (780) 988-1455 Fax: (780) 988-0191 lorne@orbisengineering.net www.orbisengineering.net Lorne Gara

Power Products & Solutions, LLC 12465 Grey Commercial Rd. Midland, NC 28107 (704) 573-0420 x12 Fax: (704) 573-3693 ralph.patterson@powerproducts.biz www.powerproducts.biz Ralph Patterson

Pacific Power Testing, Inc. 14280 Doolittle Dr. San Leandro, CA 94577 (510) 351-8811 Fax: (510) 351-6655 steve@pacificpowertesting.com www.pacificpowertesting.com Steve Emmert

Power Products & Solutions, LLC 13 Jenkins Ct. Mauldin, SC 29662 (800) 328-7382 ralph.patterson@powerproducts.biz www.powerproducts.biz Raymond Pesaturo

Pacific Powertech, Inc. #110, 2071 Kingsway Ave. Port Coquitlam, BC V3C 6N2 Canada (604) 944-6697 Fax: (604) 944-1271 jkonkin@pacificpowertech.ca www.pacificpowertech.ca Josh Konkin

Power Services, LLC 998 Dimco Way, P.O. Box 750066 Centerville, OH 45475 (937) 439-9660 Fax: (937) 439-9611 mkbeucler@aol.com Mark Beucler

Phasor Engineering Sabaneta Industrial Park #216 Mercedita, PR 00715 Puerto Rico (787) 844-9366 Fax: (787) 841-6385 rcastro@phasorinc.com Rafael Castro

Power Solutions Group, Ltd. 425 W. Kerr Rd. Tipp City, OH 45371 (937) 506-8444 Fax: (937) 506-8434 bwilloughby@powersolutionsgroup.com www.powersolutionsgroup.com Barry Willoughby

Power Systems Testing Co. 4688 W. Jennifer Ave., Ste. 108 Fresno, CA 93722 (559) 275-2171 ext 15 Fax: (559) 275-6556 dave@pstcpower.com www.powersystemstesting.com David Huffman Power Systems Testing Co. 600 S. Grand Ave., Ste. 113 Santa Ana, CA 92705-4152 (714) 542-6089 Fax: (714) 542-0737 www.powersystemstesting.com Power Systems Testing Co. 6736 Preston Ave, Ste. E Livermore, CA 94551 (510) 783-5096 Fax: (510) 732-9287 www.powersystemstesting.com Power Test, Inc. 2200 Highway 49 Harrisburg, NC 28075 (704) 200-8311 Fax: (704) 455-7909 rich@powertestinc.com www.powertestinc.com Richard Walker POWER Testing and Energization, Inc. 14006 NW 3rd Ct., Ste. 101 Vancouver, WA 98685 (360) 597-2800 Fax: (360) 576-7182 chris.zavadlov@powerte.com www.powerte.com Chris Zavadlov POWER Testing and Energization, Inc. 731 E. Ball Rd., Ste. 100 Anaheim, CA 92805 (714) 507-2702 www.powerte.com POWER Testing and Energization, Inc. 22035 70th Ave. South Kent, WA 98032 (253) 872-7747 www.powerte.com Powertech Services, Inc. 4095 South Dye Rd. Swartz Creek, MI 48473-1570 (810) 720-2280 Fax: (810) 720-2283 kirkd@powertechservices.com www.powertechservices.com Kirk Dyszlewski

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NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES Setting the Standard Precision Testing Group 5475 Highway 86, Unit 1 Elizabeth, CO 80107 (303) 621-2776 Fax: (303) 621-2573 glenn@precisiontestinggroup.com Glenn Stuckey PRIT Service, Inc. 112 Industrial Dr., P.O. Box 606 Minooka, IL 60447 (815) 467-5577 Fax: (815) 467-5883 Rod.Hageman@pritserviceinc.com www.pritserviceinc.com Rod Hageman Reuter & Hanney, Inc. 149 Railroad Dr. Northampton Industrial Park Ivyland, PA 18974 (215) 364-5333 Fax: (215) 364-5365 mikereuter@reuterhanney.com www.reuterhanney.com Michael Reuter Reuter & Hanney, Inc. 4270-I Henninger Ct. Chantilly, VA 20151 (703) 263-7163 Fax: 703-263-1478 www.reuterhanney.com Reuter & Hanney, Inc. 11620 Crossroads Circle, Suites D-E Middle River, MD 21220 (410) 344-0300 Fax: (410) 335-4389 www.reuterhanney.com Michael Jester REV Engineering, LTD 3236 - 50 Ave. SE Calgary, AB T2B 3A3 Canada (403) 287-0156 Fax: (403) 287-0198 rdavidson@reveng.ca www.reveng.ca Roland Nicholas Davidson, IV Saber Power Services 9841 Saber Power Lane Rosharon, TX 77583-5188 (713) 222-9102 info@saberpower.com www.saberpower.com Phil Collins Scott Testing Inc. 1698 5th St. Ewing, NJ 08638 (609) 882-2400 Fax: (609) 882-5660 rsorbello@scotttesting.com www.scotttesting.com Russ Sorbello Shermco Industries 2425 E. Pioneer Dr. Irving, TX 75061 (972) 793-5523 Fax: (972) 793-5542 rwidup@shermco.com www.shermco.com Ron Widup

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Shermco Industries 1705 Hur Industrial Blvd.

Cedar Park, TX 78613 (512) 267-4800 Fax: (512) 258-5571 kewing@shermco.com www.shermco.com Kevin Ewing

Southwest Energy Systems, LLC 2231 East Jones Ave., Ste. A Phoenix, AZ 85040 (602) 438-7500 Fax: (602) 438-7501 bob.sheppard@southwestenergysystems.com www.southwestenergysystems.com Robert Sheppard

Trace Electrical Services & Testing, LLC 293 Whitehead Rd. Hamilton, NJ 08619 (609) 588-8666 Fax: (609) 588-8667 jvasta@tracetesting.com www.tracetesting.com Joseph Vasta

Shermco Industries 33002 FM 2004 Angleton, TX 77515 (979)848-1406 Fax: (979) 848-0012 mfrederick@shermco.com www.shermco.com Malcom Frederick

Taurus Power & Controls, Inc. 9999 SW Avery St. Tualatin, OR 97062-9517 (503) 692-9004 Fax: (503) 692-9273 robtaurus@tauruspower.com www.tauruspower.com Rob Bulfinch

Utilities Instrumentation Service, Inc. 2290 Bishop Circle East Dexter, MI 48130 (734) 424-1200 Fax: (734) 424-0031 GEWalls@UISCorp.com www.uiscorp.com Gary E. Walls

Shermco Industries 1357 N. 108th E. Ave. Tulsa, OK 74116 (918) 234-2300 jharrison@shermco.com www.shermco.com Jim Harrison

Taurus Power & Controls, Inc. 6617 S. 193rd Place, Ste. P104 Kent, WA 98032 (425) 656-4170 Fax: (425) 656-4172 jiml@tauruspower.com www.tauruspower.com Jim Lightner

Utility Service Corporation 4614 Commercial Dr. NW Huntsville, AL 35816-2201 (256) 837-8400 Fax: (256) 837-8403 apeterson@utilserv.com www.utilserv.com Alan D. Peterson

Shermco Industries 796 11th St. Marion, IA 52302 (319) 377-3377 Fax: (319) 377-3399 lhamrick@shermco.com www.shermco.com Lynn Hamrick

3C Electrical Co., Inc. 40 Washington St. Westborough, MA 01581 (508) 881-3911 Fax: (508) 881-4814 jim@three-c.com www.three-c.com Jim Cialdea

Western Electrical Services, Inc. 14311 29th St. East Sumner , WA 98390 (253) 891-1995 Fax: (253) 891-1511 dhook@westernelectricalservices.com www.westernelectricalservices.com Dan Hook

Shermco Industries 2100 Dixon St., Ste. C Des Moines, IA 50316 (515) 263-8482 lHamrick@shermco.com www.shermco.com Lynn Hamrick

3C Electrical Co., Inc. 72 Sanford Dr. Gorham, ME 04038 (800) 649-6314 Fax: (207) 782-0162 jim@three-c.com www.three-c.com Jim Cialdea

Western Electrical Services, Inc. 3676 W. California Ave., #C, 106 Salt Lake City, UT 84104 (888) 395-2021 Fax: (253) 891-1511 rcoomes@westernelectricalservices.com www.westernelectricalservices.com Rob Coomes

Shermco Industries Boulevard Saint-Michel 47 1040 Brussels Brussels, Belgium +32 (0)2 400 00 54 Fax: +32 (0)2 400 00 32 pIdziak@shermco.com www.shermco.com Paul Idziak

Tidal Power Services, LLC 4202 Chance Lane Rosharon, TX 77583 (281) 710-9150 Fax: (713) 583-1216 monty.janak@tidalpowerservices.com www.tidalpowerservices.com Monty C. Janak

Western Electrical Services, Inc. 5680 South 32nd St. Phoenix, AZ 85040 (602) 426-1667 Fax: (253) 891-1511 carcher@westernelectricalservices.com www.westernelectricalservices.com Craig Archer

Tidal Power Services, LLC 8184 Highway 44, Ste. 105 Gonzales, LA 70737 (225) 644-8170 Fax: (225) 644-8215 www.tidalpowerservices.com Darryn Kimbrough

Western Electrical Services, Inc. 4510 NE 68th Dr., Ste. 122 Vancouver, WA 98661 (888) 395-2021 Fax: (253) 891-1511 Tasciutto@westernelectricalservices.com www.westernelectricalservices.com Tony Asciutto

Shermco Industries 12000 Network Blvd., Bldg D,, Ste. 410 San Antonio, TX 78249 (512) 267-4800 Fax: (512) 267-4808 kewing@shermco.com www.shermco.com Kevin Ewing Sigma Six Solutions, Inc. 2200 West Valley Hwy., Ste. 100 Auburn, WA 98001 (253) 333-9730 Fax: (253) 859-5382 jwhite@sigmasix.com www.sigmasix.com John White Southern New England Electrical Testing, LLC 3 Buel St., Ste. 4 Wallingford, CT 06492 (203) 269-8778 Fax: (203) 269-8775 dave.asplund@sneet.org www.sneet.org David Asplund, Sr.

Tidal Power Services, LLC 1056 Mosswood Dr. Sulphur, LA 70663 (337) 558-5457 Fax: (337) 558-5305 www.tidalpowerservices.com Steve Drake Tony Demaria Electric, Inc. 131 West F St. Wilmington, CA 90744 (310) 816-3130 (310) 549-9747 neno@tdeinc.com www.tdeinc.com Nenad Pasic

NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES

ADVERTISERS

MANUFACTURERS AND OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS

This issue’s advertisers are identified below.

Please thank these advertisers by telling them you saw their advertisement in YOUR magazine – NETA World.

Advance Test Equipment Rentals (ATE Corp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 AEMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Aero Tec Laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Ampteks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Arbiter Systems, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 AVO Training Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Avox Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover BCS Switchgear, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Belyea Company, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Burlington Safety Laboratory, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 CBS ArcSafe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 CBS ArcSafe - Circuit Breaker Analyzer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 CBS Vacuum Interrupters, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Doble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Dranetz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Electric Service Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 46 ElectroRent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 54 Group CBS, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 High Voltage, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 HV Diagnostics, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 IEEE IAS Eleectrical Safety Workshop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Intellirent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 IRISS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Manta Test Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Megger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Front Cover Monster Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 National Switchgear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 NETA PowerTest Corporate Alliance Partner Spotlight . . . . . . . 65 NETA PowerTest Call for Exhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 NETA PowerTest Early Bird . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 NETA PowerTest Gold Alliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 NETA PowerTest Save the Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 NETA PowerTest Social Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 NETA Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 NETA Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 OMICRON electronics Corp. USA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Back Cover Phenix Technologies, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Protec Equipment Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Quality Switchgear, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Raytech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 SMC International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Solid State Exchange & Repair Co.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Technitrol, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Thyritronics, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Utility Relay Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Vanguard Instrument Co., Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Wind Systems Magazine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

INDEPENDENT NETA ACCREDITED COMPANIES Absolute Testing Services, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 American Electrical Testing Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Apparatus Testing and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 BEC Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Burlington Electrical Testing Co., Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Eastern High Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Electrical Energy Experts, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Electrical Reliability Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Elemco Services, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 EnerG Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Harford Electrical Testing Co., Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 High Voltage Maintenance Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Industrial Electric Testing, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Infra-Red Building and Power Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Nationwide Electrical Testing, Inc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 North Central Electric, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Orbis Engineering Field Services, Ltd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Potomac Testing, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Power & Generation Testing, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Power Products & Solutions, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Power Services, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Power Systems Testing Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 POWER Testing and Energization, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 PRIT Service, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Scott Testing, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Shermco Industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Sigma Six Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Taurus Power & Controls, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3C Electrical Co. Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Tony Demaria Electric, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Trace Electrical Services & Testing, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Utility Service Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

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WINTER 2014

ADVERTISERS

A Full-Service Industrial Test Equipment Company

^ŝŶĐĞ ϭϵϵϱ͕ sKy dĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐŝĞƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐ Ăůů ŽĨ LJŽƵƌ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ ŶĞĞĚƐ͕ ĨƌŽŵ ŽŶ ƐŝƚĞ ƌĞƉĂŝƌ ĂŶĚ ĐĞƌƟĮĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƚŽ ŶĞǁ ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚ ĨŽƌ ĞǀĞƌLJ ƚĞƐƟŶŐ ƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ͘ dŝīerent manufacturers’ test equipment, we are the place to go for all of your present and future test equipment needs.

NEW!

Metrel MI 3210 TeraOhm XA ϭϬ Ŭs /ŶƐƵůĂƟŽŶ Resistance Tester

t Professional, expert service and advice t t 60-Day service warranty t t Visit our new, updated website that includes the Metrel product line ĂŶĚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ ŽŶ Ăůů ŽƵƌ ĐĂƉĂďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘ We’ve also made scheduling service with us is even easier through ŽƵƌ ŶĞǁ ƟĐŬĞƟŶŐ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘ dŚƌŽƵŐŚ ŝƚ͕ LJŽƵ ĂƌĞ ŬĞƉƚ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚ͕ ĐĂŶ ĂƐŬ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ŽĨ ŽƵƌ ƚĞĐŚŶŝĐŝĂŶƐ͕ ĂŶĚ LJŽƵ͛ůů ĂůǁĂLJƐ ŬŶŽǁ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂƚƵƐ ŽĨ your equipment under repair.

www.AVOXTechnologies.com

My Dad understands the signal world

My Dad says that communication in data networks works like a conversation between people. The important aspect here is that all information arrives safely and is also understood. In his work with protection and automation systems, my Dad trusts his new DANEO 400. This hybrid device records and analyzes both conventional signals, such as voltages and currents, and IEC 61850 data traffic.

My Dad uses the DANEO Control PC software to control multiple units with time synchronization and thereby gains an up-to-date image of all processes in the data network. An integrated web interface also offers him additional remote flexibility.

And when my Dad is at home with us in the evening, his DANEO 400 can continue working on its own.

www.omicronusa.com | www.omicron.at

Dad