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_]opec]n ] qj iehep]jpa _kj e`a]o lnkle]o* H]o ]cnql]_ekjao lkhÂŽpe) _]o( aj aopa oajpe`k( oa l]na_aj ] hko afŠn_epko6 eilknp]( lkn aj_ei] `a pk`]o h]o _ko]o( h] _kdaoe“j u ah aolÂŽnepq `a _qanlk* Ao _eanpk mqa h] `elqp]`] Hei“j jk d] rekh]`k jej) cqjk `a hko lnej_eleko bqj`]iaj) p]hao `a qj l]npe`k mqa `aĂšaj`a( ]jpao mqa j]`]( hko `ana_dko `a h] lanokj] dqi]j]* Lank( fqop]iajpa( ah ]oqjpk aj _qaope“j jk oa naĂšana ] ao] `eranoe`]` `a e`a]o u klejekjao mqa _]^nÂŽ] aolan]n aj qj ajpknjk `a pkhan]j_e] oejk ] h] ian] k^a`eaj_e] `a^e`] ] hko i]j`]pko `a hko fan]n_]o k( lkn hk iajko( ] h] najqj_e] ] h]o lkopqn]o ej`ere`q]hao l]n] o]hr]) cq]n`]n h] o]_nko]jp] ĂŽqje`]`Ă? `a qj l]npe`k* Aop] _ann]v“j `a hko iehep]jpao jko iqaopn] ecq]hiajpa h] `a_nalepq` `a jqaopnk ia`ek lkhÂŽpe_k* Lknmqa( oaÂ’kn]o u oaÂ’knao( aj qj ajpknjk `a ik`anje`]` `a^a lna`kiej]n h] ok^an]jÂŽ] `ah ej`ere`qk _kik lnej) _elek aoaj_e]h `a h] ok_ea`]` ]^eanp]* =mqÂŽ( lkn ah _kjpn]nek( lnar]ha_a h] pn]ojk_d]`] reoe“j `a ]mqahhko l]n] mqeajao h] `erancaj_e] nalnaoajp] qj] ]qpkiƒpe_] ]iaj]v] u mqa( lkn ahhk ieoik( lnerehace]j( `a i]jan]

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ej`eo_qpe^ha( ah lnej_elek `a ]qpkne) `]`* Ao ah ik`ahk fan]nmqev]`k `a hko oeopai]o ]qpknep]neko `kj`a hko `kci]o eilknp]j iƒo mqa h]o lanokj]o* Lank( ]`aiƒo( aopa aleok`ek iqaopn]( `a h] ieoi] i]jan]( h] cn]j `eop]j_e] mqa jko oal]n]( ] jkokpnko hko _eq`]`]jko( `a hko l]npe`ko lkhÂŽpe_ko* Aj hk lanokj]h( _kiqhck( lkn afailhk( _kj iq_dko `a hko lnej_eleko `ah L]npe`k =__e“j J]_ekj]h* Ia cqop]( oej ai^]nck( h] lkopqn] `ah LN@ aj hk mqa oa naĂšana ] hko `ana_dko `a h]o iejknÂŽ]o u ]lk) uk ej_kj`e_ekj]hiajpa oq lkopqn] he^an]h* Oqlkjck( `a h] ieoi] i]) jan]( mqa ah LNE d]^nƒ `a c]n]jpev]n ej_kj`e_ekj]hiajpa h] h]e_e`]` `ah Aop]`k iate_]jk oeaj`k mqa aopa lnej_elek ia l]na_a ejjack_e]^ha `ao`a oqo n]ÂŽ_ao* Lank( aj jejcqjk `a hko pnao lnej_el]hao l]npe`ko aj_qajpnk qj] iav_h] amqehe^n]`] `a he^an]heo) ik u ik`anje`]`6 h] evmqean`] u h] `ana_d] aj_]nj]j( oal]n]`]iajpa( r]hknao mqa ia l]na_aj lanba_p]) iajpa ]_alp]^hao lank mqa oa _kj) pn]lkjaj( `a i]jan] ennaia`e]^ha( aj ah ƒi^epk l]npe`eop]* Âź@“j`a aopƒ( lqao( ah l]npe`k mqa lqa`] lnkikran hko lnej_eleko `ah he^na ian_]`k( h] lnklea`]` lner]`]( h] chk^]hev]_e“j( h] ok^an]jÂŽ] `ah ej`ere`qk( ah eilanek `a h] hau u( ] h] rav( h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a mqa oa ]`iep]j lnƒ_pe_]o _kik h] aqp]j]oe] nacqh]`]( hko i]pneikjeko ajpna dkikoatq]hao( h] `aolaj]) hev]_e“j `ah ]^knpk u kpnko `a aoko ]oqjpko mqa p]jpk ejmqeap]j ] hko _kjoanr]`knao; ÂźU( `“j`a oa aj_qajpn]( ]oeieo) ik( ah l]npe`k ]^eanpk u pkhan]jpa( ah aol]_ek `a `eranoe`]` `kj`a oa lqa`]j atlnao]n hko ej`ere`qko ] l]npen `a oqo _kjre__ekjao( ah ik) reieajpk `kj`a h] lanpajaj_e] jk oecjeĂšmqa qj] najqj_e] k^hec]`] ]h afan_e_ek `a h] ok^an]jÂŽ] lanokj]h u qj ]_pk `a okiapeieajpk; Aoa hqc]n jk ateopa( aopei]`ko ha_pknao* U( _q) neko]iajpa( hko lneianÂŽoeiko `]i) jeĂš_]`ko Ă?]l]npa `a h] _eq`]`]jÂŽ]( `ao`a hqack( mqa l]c] `ena_p]iajpa hko _kopko `a h] l]npe`k_n]_e]Ă? okj hko lnkleko iehep]jpao* L]n] i]uknao oaÂ’]o( ra]j qopa`ao hko lnk_aoko l]n] ahacen ejpanj]iajpa ] hko _]j`e`]) pko6 _]oe jqj_] okj `aoecj]`ko hko iafknao( hko mqa lkoaaj hko iŠnepko iƒo reoe^hao k( ej_hqoera( hko mqa d]j hkcn]`k _kja_p]n _kj hko _eq`]`]jko( oejk mqa okj ahace`ko hko iƒo _an_]) jko ] h] ]hp] fan]nmqÂŽ] l]npe`eop] aj lnk_a`eieajpko p]j ko_qnko _kik ej_kilnajoe^hao l]n] hko oeilhao iknp]hao* Ah `aolan`e_ek `a p]hajpko ran`]`anko ao eilan`kj]^ha* Oa lna) ie] h] k^a`eaj_e]( `ao`a hqack* Lank oa o]_neĂš_]( `ao]bknpqj]`]iajpa( h] he^anp]` ej`ere`q]h* HÂŽ] Hei“j( _nak uk( jqj_] r] ] d]_an _]nnan] aj ah L=J* MqŠ laj]* .D h[lk[bjWi6cWY$Yec

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nacqjp] ?]nhko Lqec ok^na mqe j d]_a _]ok ]h hh]i]`k `ah cajan]h oa_nap]nek `a nabkni]n h] Hau `a Oacqne`]` J]) _ekj]h( l]n] `]n ^]oa u _anpe`qi^na hac]h ] h] ]_pq]_e j `a h]o bqanv]o ]ni]`]o aj k_]oe j `a mqa^n]jpk k ]ba_p]_e j ] h] oacqne`]` ejpanekn* J]`ea d]_a _]ok( ?]nhko* J]`ea* H] eje_e]per] `ah Afa_qperk oa lna) oajp ]h ?kjcnaok aj ]^neh l]o]`k* @eav iaoao( qj lanek`k `a oaoekjao kn`ej]ne]o u oai]j]o `a kpnk u pk) `]r ] j]`]* Jk oa pn]p] `a ]_alp]n h] lnklqaop] `ah Lnaoe`ajpa( oejk `a `eo_qpenh]( `a^]penh] u( `a oan ah _]ok( iafkn]nh] l]n] rkp]nh] u _kj ahhk ]paj) `an qjk `a hko pai]o i o `ahe_]`ko mqa ajbnajp] ah Aop]`k iate_]jk6 arep]n mqa h] `aoaolan]_e j lkn h] ejoacqne`]` hhara ] ]ba_p]n h]o he^an) p]`ao u+k ]h Af n_epk* Ah `a^]pa j]_ekj]h oa r] d]_e] h]o ]he]jv]o k ok^na C iav Ikjp7 h] kleje j l ^he_] aj h] cnehh]( _q]j`k ah pai] `a h] ejoacqne`]` mqai] h]o i]jko `a ok_ea`]` u ck^eanjk* Ah Af n_epk iana_a ]paj_e j* Jk oa ha lqa`a `aoc]op]n lkn _]qo] `ah bn]_]ok k ej_kilapaj_e] `a h]o ]qpkne`]`ao _erehao u oqo ejopnqiajpko( _kik okj h]o lkhe_ ]o k hko pne^qj]hao* Ah cajan]h oa_nap]nek qnca jqa) r]iajpa ] haceoh]n* Ah lnaoe`ajpa ?]h`an j aj ` ]o l]o]`ko lnaoaj) p qj] eje_e]per] ok^na oa_qaopnk u qj] lnklqaop] `a Hau `a Oacqne`]` L ^he_] l]n] h] ?eq`]` `a I te_k( ]h peailk mqa La ] Jeapk na_kjk_a h] ejpanraj_e j `a h]o bqanv]o ]ni]`]o( aj ]qtehek ] h] lk^h]_e j ]ba_p]`] lkn h]o ejqj`]_ekjao `a oai]j]o l]o]`]o* Aop ^eaj( lank hk qncajpa ao mqa ah ?kjcnaok `aÚj] qj leok hac]h l]n] h] ejpanraj_e j `ah Af n_epk aj i]pane] `a oacqne`]` ejpanj]* J]`ea d]_a _]ok lknmqa ah ?kjcnaok u hko

b]_pknao mqa aj opa ej_e`aj ]j`]j aj kpnko iajaopanao* Hko da_dko n]peÚ_]j mqa h] l]n) pa i o nao_]p]^ha `a h] eje_e]per] `a nabkni] lkh pe_] `ah lnaoe`ajpa ?]h`an j ao h] `a b]_qhp]n ]h Lk`an Afa_qperk l]n] mqa lqa`] lnaoajp]n ]h ?kjcnaok `ko eje_e]per]o lnabanaj) pao( h]o mqa `a^an j rkp]noa ]jpao `a mqa _kj_hqu] ah lanek`k7 aj _]ok _kjpn]nek( op]o oa _kjoe`an]n ]j ]lnk^]`]o* Bnajpa ]h aop]`k `a _k) o]o ao ]^oqn`k mqa aj ah LNE `ec]j mqa hk lnklqaopk ejpajp] naoq_ep]n ah lnaoe`aj_e]heoik ]qpknep]nek*Oa pn]p] `a k^hec]n ]h ?kjcnaok ] mqa oa lnkjqj_ea( mqa pn]^]fa aj hko pai]o `a lnekne`]` `ah l] o `a ]_qan`k _kj h] `apaniej]_e j `ah lnaoe`ajpa aj pqnjk* ¼Mq iqara ]h LNE( ah l]npe`k lnaoe`aj_e]heop] iafkn lkoe_ekj]`k l]n] c]j]n aj .,-.( ] jac]n qj _]i^ek `a p]h i]cjepq`; H] naolqaop] aop aj ah Oaj]`k u( l]npe_qh]niajpa( aj ah oaj]`kn >ahpnkjao( mqeaj lnapaj) `a mqa ah ln teik lnaoe`ajpa aop okiape`k( aola_e]hiajpa oe ao `ah LNE u peaja i]ukn ] aj h]o ? i]n]o ba`an]hao( lkn aok ao ah lnkikpkn i o `a_e`e`k `ah ck^eanjk `a c]^ejapa u h] n]peÚ_]_e j l]nh]iajp]ne] `a h]o `aoecj]_ekjao lnaoe`aj_e]hao* Ah _]i^ek p]i^e j peaja narano]( _kik lqa`a _kjop]p]noa aj _]l pqhko eilknp]jpao `a h] nabkni] aha_pkn]h `a .,,3* H] lnkde^e_e j `a lq^he_e`]` lanokj]hev]`] hhar]^] `a`e_]pkne]( p]i^e j ah n ceiaj naopne_perk `a h]o he^anp]`ao( mqa ah aolkpeoik u jk ah `a^]pa bqan] na_qnok lnerehace]`k `a _]il] ]( mqa ah EBA oa ejopepquan] aj lkhe_ ] `a h] n]`ek u h] pr( ]o _kik at_hqen ] hko l]npe`ko `a h] hac]he`]` `aik_n pe_]( ejopepqen h] ejamqe`]` aha_pkn]h `apaniej]j`k hko `ejanko u ah ]__aok ] h] lq^he_e`]` lkn ah naoqhp]`k `a h]o `aoecq]hao u lk_k receh]`]o aha__ekjao ejpania`e]o u(

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l]npe_qh]niajpa( mqa hko ejpacn]jpao `ah ?kjoafk Cajan]h `ah EBA ajpaj`ean]j mqa lqa`aj oan naikre`ko* = lao]n `a hko ]r]j_ao _kik na`q_en peailko `a _]il] ] u nacqh]n lna_]il] ]o( h]o nach]o u hko nc]jko aha_pkn]hao ]^naj h] lqanp] ] h] ej_anpe`qi^na( ] h] ejamqe`]` u( _kjoa_qajpaiajpa( ] h] _kjpnkranoe]* J]`ea d]_a _]ok ]h cajan]h oa_nap]) nek lknmqa jk _qaop] ecjkn]nhk( lknmqa hko _eq`]`]jko aop j `aolnkreopko `a hko ia`eko u `a hko na_qnoko l]n] na_h]i]n ] hko haceoh]`knao( lknmqa h] hau jk k^hec] mqa opko d]c]j ah pn]^]fk l]n] ah _q]h bqankj aha_pko* @a h] ejraopec]_e j ] h] `ah]_e j* H] _]he`]` `a h] lkh pe_] aop _kj`e) _ekj]`] lkn h] _]he`]` `a h] _n pe_]* ¼= mqe jao naj`eiko _qajp]o hko ao_ne) ^]jko k _kj`q_pknao _kj ah lnerehacek `a oan ]paj`e`ko lkn ah l ^he_k( mqa jk oa]j h]o iajp]`]o `a hko pnkhao `ah Pseppan; ?kj h] pn]jol]naj_e] `ah ck^eanjk u i]uknao he^anp]`ao hko aol]_eko `a eilqje`]` lanek` ope_] oa d]j ]ilhe]`k* Pailhk I]ukn u >]fk Naoanr]( `ko eilknp]jpao _khqij]o( oeiqhp ja]iajpa bqankj k^fapk `a ajc] k ]h nalnk`q_en qj] iajpen] mqa ejpajp]^] ]ba_p]n ]h amqelk `a La ] Jeapk( lkn qj oqlqaopk re]fa ]h Oqlan >ksh ]h peailk `a h]o ejqj) `]_ekjao7 bqa lkoeperk mqa ]i^ko aol]_eko na_peÚ_]n]j ] oq ik`k ]h ` ] oecqeajpa* Aj ` ]o l]o]`ko( O]hr]) `kn C]n_ ] Okpk lq^he_ _kj lnqa^] `k_qiajp]h mqa qj oaj]`kn( lna_]j) `e`]pk ] qj] cq^anj]pqn]( aop]^] oeaj`k ejraopec]`k lkn r j_qhko _kj ah j]n_kpn Ú_k( ranoe j b]ho] u `k_qiajpk ]l _nebk ]h `a_en `a h] LCN* Hko ia`eko hk iajko mqa `a^aj d]_an ao `ao_q^nen ah jki^na `a mqeaj ajc] ]h _khqijeop] u mqa lean`]( `a qj] rav lkn pk`]o( h] _kj`e_e j `a Îpaopeck lnkpace`kÏ* .D \X[hhk[jef6]cW_b$Yec

qn]jpa aopa iao hko iate_]) jko jko daiko paje`k mqa _dqp]n ah h]iajp]^ha `a^]pa ok^na h]o ]he]jv]o mqa d]j lnkp]ckjev]`k l]jeop]o( lneeop]o u lanna`eop]o* Oa pn]p] `a ]hck mqa o hk lqa`a oan _]hebe_]`k `a ]omqanko] atde^e_e j( _kj h] _q]h( ejbnq_pqko]iaj) pa( ah L=J u ah LN@ lnapaj`aj raj`anha ] h] ok_ea`]` qj] Î_k]he_e j `aik_n pe_]Ï _kjpn] ah LNE* =h ieoik peailk ao_q_d]iko ] hko rk) _anko lneeop]o mqa Újcaj d]^an j]_e`k ]uan u ]_qo]j ] oqo _kjpnej_]jpao `a ejpajp]n d]_anoa l]o]n lkn he^anp]neko u `ai _n]p]o( _q]j`k aj na]he`]` oa _kilknp]j _kik ln]ci pe_ko u pn]ilkoko* Aj .,,2 reiko _ ik hko lanna`eop]o u lafeop]o mqeoeankj eila`en h] pki] `a lnkpaop] ] Bahela ?]h`an j _kik lnaoe`ajpa aj qj] oqanpa `a oaq`kckhla `a Aop]`k `a h] evmqean`] l]hqn`]( u ]paopecq]iko h] r]_eh]jpa `abajo] `a h] hac]he`]` `a hko oa_pknao i o _erehev]`ko aj_]^av]`ko lkn hko lneeop]o u ]hcqjko cnqlko `ah LN@* =dkn]( aj .,-,( ]jpa ah ]jqj_e]`k na) cnaok `ah LNE ] Hko Lejko Íoac j h]o aj) _qaop]oÍ( raiko h] ranckjvko] i]nki] `ah L=J l]n] ]he]noa _kj ah ieoik LN@ mqa ejpajp `annk_]n ] ?]h`an j( _kj h] oeilha u hh]j] ejpaj_e j `a eila`en mqa c]jaj h]o cq^anj]pqn]o aj .,-, u h] Lna) oe`aj_e] aj .,-.* =jpao `ah pneqjbk `a Bkt aj .,,,( iq_dko oej `q`] oqo_ne^eiko mqa h] `aik_n]_e] aj I te_k l]o]^] lkn h] `annkp] `ah LNE* Lank ajpkj_ao hhac h] ]hpanj]j_e] u _]i) ^e]nkj hko _ h_qhko* @aolq o `a qj oatajek bkteop] u ia`ek _]h`ankjeop]( hko l]jeop]o are`ajpaiajpa jk _kjb ]j aj ah afan_e_ek `a ck^eanjk `a oqo lnaoe`ajpao u `a_e`aj d]_an ] hko la) nna`eop]o oqo ]he]`ko( ] lao]n `a d]^anhko hh]i]`k d]op] h] o]_ea`]` ckhleop]o( j]_ko u narajp]`knao* Hk mqa aop]iko reaj`k jk ao qj] ]he]jv] `a lnej_eleko je `a lnkua_pko* Okiko paopecko `a _ ik( ]jpa hko b]hhe`ko ck^eanjko `a L=J u LN@( u h] `a_eoe j `a hko _eq`]`]jko `a rkhran ] rkp]n lkn ah LNE( l]jeop]o u lanna) `eop]o d]_aj `a h]`k lnkua_pko u lnej_eleko l]n] _ann]nha ah l]ok ]h lneeoik* Hko _eq`]`]jko jko r]iko ] pajan mqa oklh]n kpnk lhaepk ajpna l]npe`ko( `ah mqa oej `q`] jk r]iko ] o]hen ^ajaÚ_e]`ko* .D d[ijeh$e`[ZW6c_b[d_e$Yec

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ah iqje_elek `a ?q]qdp ik_( aj h] _kiqje`]` `ah ? ^]jk( `kj`a oa `apa_p]nkj _eanpko ]ola_pko `a rekh]_e j ] hko `ana_dko bqj`]iaj)

p]hao( naola_pk ] mqa jk peajaj qj] rereaj`] `ecj] u hko je ko mqa reraj ]d jk na_e^aj qj] a`q_]_e j _kj h] _k^anpqn] ]`a_q]`]*

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mqa okj l]npa `a aoa ejopepqpk( u ]jpao jk d]^ ] j]`] lkn ah aopehk( je qj ejopepqpk mqa ]uq`]n] ] h]o lanokj]o _kj `eo_]l]_e`]`* U d]_a -1 ., ] ko jk d]^ ] ejo) pepq_ekjao mqa ]uq`]n]j ] hko `eo_]l]_ep]`ko( k hko ]`qhpko i]uknaoÏ( i]jebaop J]n]jfk* ?]^a `aop]_]n mqa ]h ecq]h mqa h] ?kieoe j Aop]p]h `a @ana_dko Dqi]jko $?A@D%( ah ?kiep `a

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ÎDaiko aj_kjpn]`k mqa aop j rereaj`k $hko fknj]hanko ]cn _k) h]o% `a qj] bkni] jk _ ik`]( jk peajaj rereaj`]o `ecj]o7 ej_hqok aj ]hcqjko ikiajpko daiko `apa_p]`k( aj ah ? ^]jk l]npe_q) h]niajpa( mqa jk peajaj `ana_dk ] h] a`q_]_e j $Å%( lknmqa naoqhp] mqa ]qjmqa peajaj qj] ao_qahep] _kj `ko o]hkjao( peajaj qj okhk i]aopnk l]n] ]paj`an `a lneiank ] oatpk `a lnei]ne]( u ]o jk oa lqa`a `]n h] _k^anpqn]Ï* ?]^a `aop]_]n mqa aj h] _kiqje) `]` `ah ? ^]jk reraj i o `a /,, fknj]hanko ej` caj]o( u naola_pk ] aopk Jkai Cqpe nnav ej`e_ mqa jk k^op]jpa `a mqa aop]o lanokj]o o hk oa mqa`]j oaeo iaoao aj ah aop]`k `a ?khei]( u hqack nacna) o]j ] Cqannank $aop]`k `a `kj`a lnkreajaj ]hcqjko%( aok jk ao qj ikperk l]n] mqa hko je ko jk na_e) ^]j qj] _knna_p] a`q_]_e j( u] mqa op] ao qjk `a hko `ana_dko lneikn`e]hao mqa _kik oanao dqi]jko okiko ]_naa`knao* Ok^na h] _]jpe`]` `a cnqlko rqhjan]^hao mqa d]u aj ah aop]`k `a ?khei]( >]nneko oa ]h mqa jk oa peaja qj] _q]jpebe_]_e j at]_p] `a opko( u] mqa h]o lanok) j]o mqa hko _kjopepquaj jk aop j nalnaoajp]`ko( aj oq i]ukn ]( lkn qj] ]ok_e]_e j _knna_p]iajpa nacqh]`]* Bej]hiajpa( h] `ena_pkn] afa_qper] u p _je_] `a h] ?A@D( Cqpe nnav >]nneko ]`ah]jp mqa h]o reoep]o `a _kj_eajpev]_e j ok^na `ana_dko dqi]jko ] cnqlko rqhjan]^ha ailav]nkj aj ?q]q) dp ik_( lank oa atlh]u]n j ] pk`k ah aop]`k `a ?khei] `qn]jpa hko ln teiko iaoao*.D `a oq l]pneikjek lkn h]o ieoi]o ]qpkne`]`ao* Ah ]_pereop] ok_e]h ]oaran mqa okj lk_]o h]o mqaf]o `a aopa pelk ejpanlqaop]o lkn cnqlko rqhja) n]^hao( u] mqa aj oq i]ukn ] okj lnaoajp]`]o lkn lanokj]o mqa jk nalnaoajp]j je qj] iejkn ]( u oa ajbk_]j lnej_el]hiajpa aj `apaj) _ekjao ]n^epn]ne]o u aj ah ]^qok `a ]qpkne`]`ao `a hko pnao jerahao* ÎJkokpnko lani]jajpa aop]) iko he`e]j`k _kj h]o `apaj_ek) jao ]n^epn]ne]o u ah ]^qok `a h] ]qpkne`]` iqje_el]h( ]^qoko `a h] ]qpkne`]` aop]p]h u ]hcqjko ]^qoko `a h] ]qpkne`]` ba`a) n]hÏ* Lkn hpeik( J]n]jfk ?knp o lna_eo mqa ah ] k l]o]`k( aj ah ?kiep mqa nalnaoajp] oa na_e) ^e qj ]lnktei]`k `a ., mqaf]o ranebe_]^hao lkn rekh]_ekjao ] hko `ana_dko dqi]jko* .D

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l]npao mqa aop j aj _kjpn] `a aopa `ana_dk jk peajaj ^]oao k^faper]o l]n] bqj`]iajp]nhk* Aj aopa oajpe`k( Qne^a =hr]) n]`k klej mqa h]o lkopqn]o mqa aop j aj _kjpn] `a mqa h]o l]naf]o dkikoatq]hao lqa`]j ]`klp]n( naolkj`aj ] qj] oanea `a lnafqe_eko ajpknjk ] h]o lnabanaj_e]o oatq]) hao( h]o _q]hao( lkn hk p]jpk( jk oa lqa`aj qpehev]n l]n] ]ncqiajp]n fqn `e_]iajpa aj _kjpn] `a h]o l]naf]o `ah ieoik oatk* =oeieoik( ej`e_ mqa h]o _]n]_pa) n ope_]o `a h]o hauao `a^aj naolkj`an ] h]o `ai]j`]o `a h] ok_ea`]`( Îu ah da_dk `a mqa ateopa aj I te_k qj] hau mqa hao kpkncqa ^ajabe_eko hac]hao ]h i]pneikjek ] lanokj]o `ah

ieoik oatk( u mqa aop]o lanokj]o lqa`]j ]`klp]n qj iajkn cn]_e]o ] ahh]( ia l]na_a ]_alp]^haÏ* Oej ai^]nck( ah lnkbaokn ejrao) pec]`kn `a h] B]_qhp]` `a Loe_k) hkc ] i]pev mqa ao eilknp]jpa( _kik aj _q]hmqean b]iehe]( mqa oa _qilh]j _eanpko ahaiajpko u _]n]_pan ope_]o( l]n] mqa ah iajkn lqa`] `ao]nnkhh]n oq re`] aj qj ]i^eajpa he^na `a rekhaj_e] u _kj l]`nao mqa hk ]lkuaj* = ]`e mqa oe oa oecqean] h] h ce_] `a h]o lanokj]o mqa oa klkjaj ] aopa pelk `a haceoh]_ekjao( p]i^e j Îpaj`n ]j mqa klkjanoa ] mqa h]o i]`nao okhpan]o aop j _ne]j`k ] oqo defko( lknmqa ]h bej]h `a _qajp]o jk peajaj qj] b]iehe] dapankoatq]h7 ao `a_en( mqa jk aop _kjopepqe`] lkn qj dki^na u qj] iqfanÏ* Qne^a =hr]n]`k `aop]_ mqa ah _kj_alpk `a b]iehe] peaja qj aola_pnk `a `abeje_e j iqu ]ilhek( lkn hk mqa ateca mqa oa] na)_kj_alpq]hev]`k( Îu ] aok ao ] hk mqa naolkj`aj h]o hauao mqa( ]_pq]hiajpa( aop j kpknc]j`k hko `ana_dko `a h]o lanokj]o mqa peaja qj lnabanaj_e] oatq]h `ebanajpa ] h]o `a h]o i]ukn ]oÏ* Ej`e_ ( lkn hpeik( mqa ao i o lnk^]^ha mqa h] ok_ea`]` ieoi] oa] h] mqa _]qoa qj] ]ba_p]_e j ] hko je ko mqa okj ]`klp]`ko lkn qj] l]naf] dkikoatq]h( `a^e`k ] mqa lqa`aj oan k^fapko `a _n pe_]o u lnafqe_eko lkn oqo Îecq]haoÏ* .D

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Dqi]jko( _kik cnqlk rqhjan]^ha ]h d]^an oe`k `eo_neiej]`kÏ* Aj aopa oajpe`k( Bn]j_eo_k L nav klej mqa aopk oa `a^a ]h lnk_aok `a i]`qn]_e j `a h] ok_ea`]` _kheiajoa( aj i]pane] `a `ana_dko ok_e]hao( u] mqa Îao qj aop]`k mqa peaja qj] i]`qnav eilknp]jpa aj _q]jpk ] h] ok_ea) `]`( u hko `ana_dko `a pk`]o h]o lanokj]o( ej_hquaj`k ] hko mqa peajaj `eo_]l]_e`]`Ï* Oa ]h mqa hko _eq`]`]jko( lank lnej_el]hiajpa ah ck^eanjk( `a^aj ]paj`an _kj qj] lkh pe_] l ^he_] ] lanokj]o mqa l]`a_aj `a qj] `eo_]l]_e`]`* Î?q]j`k raj ] qj] lanokj] _kj `eo_]l]_e`]`( lqao _kjoe`an]j mqa _kik cnqlk rqhjan]^ha are`ajpaiajpa peaja qj] `aorajp]f] mqa ]paj`an( lkn hk p]jpk hko _eq`]`]jko _kik ah ck^eanjk `a^aiko ]paj`anha _kj qj] lkh pe_] l ^he_]( lna_eo]iajpa l]n] lk`an ^nej`]n ecq]h`]` l]n]

h]o lanokj]oÏ( ]_kp ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah Ej_k`eo* L nav Ia`ej] ej`e_ mqa hko lnej) _el]hao lnk^hai]o mqa ]ba_p]j ] h]o lanokj]o _kj `eo_]l]_e`]` Ìu] oa] reoq]h( ikpnev a ejpaha_pq]hÍokj h]o ^]nnan]o mqa h] ieoi] ok_ea`]` d] lqaopk( u] aj ah i^epk ]nmqepa_p je_k $nabanajpa ] mqa jk d]u qj] ejbn]ao) pnq_pqn] ]`a_q]`] aj pk`]o h]o _]hhao u a`ebe_eko%( u] aj hko napko lanokj]hao mqa ajbnajp] _]`] qj] `a h]o lanokj]o mqa oqbna `a qj] `eo_]l]_e`]`* Klej mqa p]jpk hko _eq`]`]jko u h]o ]qpkne`]`ao d]j ajpaj`e`k mqa qj cnqlk p]j rqhjan]^ha _kik ah oa_pkn ok_e]h `a hko `eo_]l]_ep]`ko( iana_a qj pn]pk `ecjk* Lkn hpeik( ah lnaoe`ajpa `ah Ej_k`eo naepan mqa `a^e`k ] aopk Î]bknpqj]`]iajpa jk d] d]^e`k qj] okh] _]qo] mqa dq^ean] ]ia) nep]`k lnaoajp]n qj] mqaf] aj h] _kieoe j aop]p]h k aj h] j]_ekj]h `a @ana_dko Dqi]jkoÏ*.D

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;ijWh Y[d# jhWZe [d bei Z[c|i i_]# d_\_YW ^WX[h Wfh[dZ_Ze W jhWjWh W jeZe [b ckdZe Yece W kd ^[hcWde e ^[hcWdW [d [ij[ ckdZe dk[ijhe

atpn] ] u r]j] d]^ehe`]` l]n] d]_an ^]eh]n qj _]^]hhk( p]i^e j ao iqu ]lhe_]`k aj h]o _qaopekjao _kjp]^hao* Lkn aok ao _]oe oacqnk mqa aj hko ln teiko /, ` ]o I]nek d]^n `a _kjranpenoa aj ah _kjp]`kn l]npe_qh]n `a Oehra) nek ?]r]vko6 peaja mqa _q]`n]nha h]o _qajp]o oq ]iec]vk* =o mqa( lkn qj iao( ao lnk^]^ha mqa jk pajc]iko ck^anj]`kn aj bqj_ekjao* U aok oecjebe_] mqa lkn aoa h]lok jk hk ranaiko aj _]^]hc]p]o( pnal]`k aj oq beah _]^]hhk ]h]v j hq_ank* ½H opei] .* Ah ]h_]h`a Ecj]_ek Lan]hp] O j_dav peaja lnk^hai]o l]n] `eo_anjen ok^na lnk) ^hai pe_]o ok_e]hao* =jpa h] ej_]l]_e`]` l]n] atlhe_]noa k atlhe_]n ] hko `ai o ah ]oqjpk `a h]o ^]h]_an]o aj lhajk _ajpnk `a h] _eq`]`( Lan]hp] O j_dav a_d] i]jk `a pakn ]o ] af]o u oqlkoe_ekjao pkjp]o* D]_a `ko ` ]o `a_h]n ( _kik aj oq ikiajpk hk de_ean] jqaopnk ejpahecajpa u dkjaopk at ck) ^anj]`kn( Oehranek ?]r]vko( mqa ao Îh] cajpa `a bqan] $mqeaj% reaja u _kiapa aoko da_dko `ahe_perkoÏ* ¼Oa oqlkja mqa aok `a^a oan qj _kjoqahk l]n] hko _kheiajoao; ¼Lk`aiko pki]n oqo l]h]^n]o _kik qj] `a_h]n]_e j kbe_e]h l]n] `ao_kjbe]n `a pk`k ]mq h mqa

pajc] b]_d] `a bqana k; Ecj]_ek( ]h ecq]h mqa Oehranek( d] `a lajo]n mqa hk lnabane^ha ao _ann]n jqaopn]o bnkjpan]o aop]p]hao u jk laniepen h] ajpn]`] `a j]`ea( ]o jk paj`n ]) iko lnk^hai]o `a ejoacqne`]`* ?kik r]( ia paik mqa Ecj]_ek paniej]n `af j`koa ah ^eckpepk ]h aopehk Pa_ki j* Lkn hk `ai o( _kj aopa pelk `a `a_h]n]_ekjao Lan]hp] _knna ah neack `a mqa hk pkiaj lkn qj ck^anj]jpa pkjpk* U ia l]na_a mqa ah pelk iana_a i o mqa aok $o ( sd]paran%* &=lnkra_dk aopa aol]_ek l]n] bahe_ep]n ] h] lanek`eop] Chaj`] He^ean I]`nec]h( mqeaj bqa oaha__ekj]`] l]n] k_ql]n ah _]nck `a rk_an] `ah Ejopepqpk Ba`an]h Aha_pkn]h* H] _]l]_e`]` u lnkbaoekj]heoik `a Chaj`] mqa` `a i]jebeaopk `qn]jpa ah lnk_aok `a oaha__e j* Chaj`] jk o hk ao qj] `a h]o iafknao lanek`eop]o `a ?khei]( p]i^e j ao `qa ] `a qj] lkopqn] pe_] ennalnk_d]^ha* U ao j]pqn]h mqa h]o klknpqje`]`ao h]^kn]hao oa ha ]^n]j ] ]hcqeaj _kik ahh]* R]u]( oq aop]pqn] lnkbaoekj]h ao p]j ]hp]( mqa _kiajp]neop]o `a ¼h] p]hh]; `a I]t ?knp o atde^eankj oqo _kilhafko `a ejbanekne`]` ]h d]_an ^annej_dao l ^he_ko ok^na hko hkcnko `a h] lanek`eop]* L]n] `ao]heajpk `a hko jeieko( iq_dko lk) `aiko d]^h]n i o ]hpk u iafkn naola_pk ] h] _]nnan] lnkbaoekj]h u _]he`]` dqi]j] `a Chaj`]* .

Ah lqjpk `a l]npe`] oan o]^an ejpan]_) pq]n _kj hko `ai o* Lknmqa ejpan]__e j oecjebe_] ]i]n u oan ]i]`k( `]n u na_e^en( ao_q_d]n u naolkj`an* U( ah je_k namqeoepk l]n] ]h_]jv]n qj] nah]_e j lhaj] u ]qp j) pe_] _kjoeopa aj hhar]n qj] re`] _ajpn]`] aj hko `ai o( qj] re`] mqa cena aj pknjk ] h]o lanokj]o( jk ajpknjk ] h]o _ko]o( je oemqean] hko e`a]hao* Qj] _h]ra l]n] o]^an oe _ajpn]iko jqaopnk lajo]ieajpk u jqaopn]o ]__ekjao aj h]o lanokj]o( ao oe pajaiko qj] k r]ne]o `a h]o oecqeajpao _q]he`]`ao k r]hk) nao6 `aoejpan o( dqieh`]`( _kil]oe j( lnak_ql]) _e j( ail]p ]*** Iq_d]o ra_ao aop]iko aj qj hqc]n l ^he_k( hh iaoa _eja( pa]pnk( echaoe]( ]q) pk^ o( ap_ pan]7 u lk`aiko aop]n oajp]`ko _an_] `a iq_d]o lanokj]o u jk _nqv]iko l]h]) ^n]* U oej ai^]nck p]j oaj_ehhk mqa lqa`a oan o]hq`]n( k qj] okjneo] ]h `ao_kjk_e`k mqa pa) jaiko _k`k _kj _k`k* Mqev oa _kjreanp] aj qj cn]j ]ieck* = hk h]nck `a jqaopn]o re`]o jko jac]iko ] lnkikran ah _kil] aneoik lkn _qaope j `a kncqhhk k iea`k*

Aop]n _ajpn]`k aj hko `ai o oecjebe_] d]^an ]lnaj`e`k ] pn]p]n ] pk`k ah iqj`k _kik ] qj dani]jk k dani]j] aj aopa iqj`k jqaopnk* L]n] hkcn]n aopk `a^aiko pajan qj oajpeieajpk `a bn]panje`]`* H] dqi]je`]` ao qj] cn]j b]iehe] aj h] mqa jqaopnko ra_ejko okj jqaopnko dani]jko( oa]j _q]hao oa]j oq _khkn( _na`k( j]_ekj]he`]`( aopn]pk ok_e]h( _kjre__ekjao u lna) k_ql]_ekjao* Qj ]qpkn ]j jeik ao_ne^e 6 Jk eilknp] hk cn]j`a mqa oa] pq _]o]( hk mqa eilknp] ao hk ]_kca`kn] mqa naoqhpa ] hko ]iecko mqa l]oaj ]hh h] p]n`a* Jk h] fqvc]n j lkn oq `a_kn]_e j oejk lkn ah p]i] k `a pq _kn]v j* Je h] cn]j`av] `a pq p]hajpk( je h] ejiajoe`]` `a pqo nemqav]o pa `]n j h] bahe_e`]`* Oan o `e_dkok oe d]_ao bahev ] h] cajpa _kj h] mqa pn]p]o* C]j]n `ejank jk ao `eb _eh( lank o]^an reren ao pk`k qj ]npa* ? ik pa mqa) nn j( _ ik pa ]lna_e]n j hko `ai o `alaj`a `ah p]i] k `a pq _kn]v j * .

domingo 21 de Febrero de 2010

NUESTRA SALUD MENTAL

Moisés Rozanes Tassler

Luis Petersen Farah

Colima

La escuela del “no se puede”

Feliz, feliz no cumpleaños

N

o dijo nada nuevo. “Redescubrió la rueda”, comentaba alguien en internet. Y es cierto, no será nuevo, pero lo dice la ONU en la voz de su relator especial sobre el derecho a la educación, Vernor Muñoz Villalobos. Fue claro, más claro que lo que comúnmente oímos: el SNTE está más metido de lo que debe en las decisiones del sistema educativo, dijo. Manda y estorba. La relación “inexplicable y no recomendable” entre el sindicato y la SEP impide que alguien se haga realmente responsable de la escuela en México. Claro que lo sabemos, tanto que hasta nos hemos acostumbrado. En esta mezcla de direcciones, la escuela mexicana carece de intencionalidad. Si hace falta formar y seleccionar mejores maestros, no se puede. Si hace falta recortar la brecha entre la educación pública y la privada, o entre la escuela urbana y la rural, no se puede. Si hace falta mejorar la capacidad de lectura de nuestros escolares, no se puede; o la capacidad para plantear problemas, o las habilidades matemáticas, de cualquier manera no se puede. Si se trata de mejorar las condiciones de vida con educación, no se puede. Parece que el moroso sistema educativo tiene suficiente con mantenerse en pie, y mientras tanto el “no se puede” se convierte en la enseñanza básica para los niños de México. Ya sabemos también que los grandes desafíos de la educación se reducen como mandamientos a dos: dejar de ofrecer una educación pobre a los pobres y elevar la calidad en todos los niveles escolares y grupos de población. Y sabemos, todos sabemos, que la Alianza por la calidad de la educación naufragó en las aguas de la política, que no fue producto de “una discusión abierta ni pareciera responder a un acuerdo ciudadano”, como denunció Muñoz. El relator, que dio una rueda de prensa antes de terminar su visita al país, presentará en junio su informe definitivo. Dirá tal vez lo mismo y de nuevo no pasará nada, pues cualquier movimiento tendría, como siempre, claras consecuencias electorales. Por lo pronto, lo que dijo ya tuvo respuesta del SNTE: ¡Cómo! ¡Si ellos son “pioneros en democracia sindical”. Si alguien se ha distinguido por estar a la altura es el SNTE, dijo su secretario general. Con lo cual sólo confirma la crítica. Nada nuevo, tampoco. Pero ojalá al menos la de la ONU sea una presión más para que maestros y papás tengan una idea de que pueden aspirar a mucho más. Y que lo exijan para los educandos. pm luis.petersen@milenio.com

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Milenio Colima, Publicación Diaria • año 4 • No. 1426. Febrero 21, 2010 • Número de Certificado de Reserva otorgado por el Instituto Nacional de Derechos de Autor: en trámite. • Número de Certificado de Licitud de Contenido: en trámite • Número de Certificado de Licitud de Título: en trámite • Otorgados por la Comisión Calificadora de Publicaciones y Revistas Ilustradas de la Secretaría de Gobernación • Publicado y distribuido por periódico MILENIO DIARIO S.A. de C.V. • Domicilio de la Impresión y Publicación: Avena No. 17, Col. Granjas Esmeralda, C.P. 09810, México D.F. • Tels: 54-45-29-89 • Distribución Unión Nacional de Expendedores de Periódicos de México • Precio: $ 5.00 • El contenido de los artículos es responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores • Todos los derechos están reservados • Queda prohibida la reproducción parcial o total del material publicado sin consentimiento por escrito de los editores • La información contenida ha sido obtenida de fuentes que se consideran fidedignas.

He encontrado lo que tienen en común una buena columna de periódico y el amor—me dijo. –¿Qué? –Tanto el amor como la columna periodística deben satisfacernos en el momento, pero la belleza y la fuerza de ambos se miden por su capacidad de no dejar nuestra mente. El museo de la inocencia, Orhan Pamuk (2009)

S

obre el fondo oscuro del espeso chocolate aparecía, en altorrelieve y en cursivas de merengue, una simple e inocente palabra: Felicidades . La llama titubeante y solitaria de una vela diminuta, situada en un improbable centro geométrico, resumía el fin de su tercera década de existencia. En ese instante se detuvo a reflexionar sobre el carácter excesivamente dramático, aunque en apariencia trivial y acelerado, de los recientes acontecimientos. Algunos días después (en circunstancias en las que resultaba imposible saber, no digamos precisar, el tiempo transcurrido) descubrió que le faltaban las dos últimas letras al mensaje desiderativo original, por lo que sobre la cremosa superficie, dulce y amargosa a la vez, quedaba -vulnerable y a la deriva- la palabra: Felicidad. Sin saber bien por qué, el inesperado descubrimiento comenzó a producirle un punzante malestar en la boca del estómago. Casi de inmediato, se vio a sí misma -desde una neblinosa distancia- avanzando cuchillo en mano y movida por un extraño e inapelable impulso. De pronto se detuvo y dando un grito brutal y desgarrador se lanzó con todas sus fuerzas a destajar tan solo una minúscula rebanada de su pastel de cumpleaños. El llanto incontenible y una sofocante sensación de vacío en el pecho la despertaron en medio de la noche. No habían pasado siquiera dos semanas desde el accidente carretero. El hombre con quien, desde varios años atrás tenía cifrado el porvenir, había muerto de la manera más estúpida e inexplicable que cualquiera pudiera imaginarse. El automóvil fue encontrado prácticamente sin huellas del impacto. Parecía como si nada hubiera ocurrido ahí, como si nadie siquiera se hubiera rasguñado. Nadie lograba explicar la manera en que salió proyectado por el parabrisas.

“En una ocasión leí que en realidad nadie sabe que está viviendo el momento más feliz de su vida mientras lo vive”

opinión 13

A escasos días de la boda, por motivos de trabajo, él tuvo nuevamente que viajar como tantas otras veces durante el largo y complicado noviazgo. Esta vez, sin embargo, ella no volvería a verlo jamás. Al menos no como seguía recordándolo en algún lugar de su mente, como un hombre joven vivo y entusiasta-, de quien tanto se había enamorado. Ella ahora está por descubrir que por ser una de las escasas enfermeras especializadas, asignada a una de las áreas más delicadas del hospital general, deberá mantener su intenso ritmo de actividad como quien se aferra a una pieza flotante en la mitad del océano. Las veces en que se ha sentido más agobiada por la reciente pérdida, pero sobre todo cuando más solitaria e incomprendida se ha descubierto, ante demandas absurdas de fortaleza por parte de aquellos -que al querer protegerla- sólo consiguen ahondar su pesadumbre, ha comprobado que son precisamente esas prolongadas horas de trabajo los momentos en que su mente logra descansar y hallar algo de sosiego. –En una ocasión leí—decía la enfermera con aquella intensidad en la mirada que únicamente concede el dolor inexplicable—que en realidad nadie sabe que está viviendo el momento más feliz de su vida mientras lo vive. Una de las tareas más desafiantes para los psiquiatras en realidad no es tanto el diagnosticar y tratar a personas con enfermedad mental, sino más bien saber distinguir entre un auténtico trastorno psiquiátrico (depresión severa) y una condición donde el sufrimiento y malestar intensos son una respuesta lógica y necesaria de seres humanos “normales”, ante las situaciones terribles e inesperadas de la vida (proceso de duelo). La enfermera fue llevada al servicio de urgencias por sus familiares. La nota ponía que la paciente no dejaba de sollozar y el diagnóstico de ingreso fue “Depresión con riesgo suicida”. Se solicitaba a la mayor brevedad consulta con psiquiatría y “para no perder tiempo”, se habían prescrito ya tranquilizantes y antidepresivos. –Al dar la primera mordida en el trozo de pastel que decía Felicidad me detuve sobresaltada. Como si fuera una “Alicia” desconcertada no pude dejar de preguntarme sobre el significado de mis deseos. ¿Acaso al comer ese trozo de pastel estaría facilitando el regreso a la normalidad, volverían los días felices, la felicidad interrumpida a consecuencia de la muerte de mi novio?, o por el contrario, ¿en el momento de incorporar en mi cuerpo, en un proceso natural de digestión, aquel pedazo oscuro y amargo de pastel, la única cuota de felicidad disponible, sería consumir para siempre la última porción de alegría y optimismo que aún quedaban en mi vida? A final de cuentas la pregunta que me hacía era pavorosamente sencilla: ¿Y ahora, qué voy hacer? Dígamelo ya. ¿Acaso la psiquiatría no sirve para eso? p rozanes@prodigy.net.mx

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] `enecajpa j]_ekj]h `ah LNE( >a]pnev L]na`ao( ejoeope aj mqa ahh] jk aop janreko] lkn h]o ]he]jv]o u( aj ah _]ok `a Oej]hk]( d]u _kjÚ]jv] aj h] i]`qnav `a hko iehep]jpao* Ajpnareop]`] ok^na h]o ]he]jv]o mqa oa d]j _kj_nap]`k ajpna h] evmqean`] u ah L=J( oa ha lnacqjp oe lk`n ] d]^an qjekjao aha_pkn]hao

_kj ah L]npe`k `ah Pn]^]fk( ] hk _q]h naolkj`e 6 ÎPajaiko _kjÚ]jv] aj h] re_pkne] `ah LNE* Ao qj pai] `ah mqa oa d] d]^h]`k `ai]oe]`k( h] _eq`]`]j ] lk`n klp]n u aj ah l]n) pe`k pajaiko _kjbe]jv]( lnklqaop]o _h]n]o mqa jk cajan]j _kjbqoe j u lh]jpa]iko _]j`e`]pqn]o mqa naolkj`aj ] h]o atla_p]per]o `a h] ok_ea`]`Ï* I]jebaop mqa jk peaja oajpe`k ]^qj`]n aj qj pai] mqa oa d]

oqnceankj lkn h] l]n heoeo aj h] lk) h pe_] bnajpa ] hko _eq`]`]jko( lkn hk mqa oa d]_a ja_ao]nek ]lnk^]n h] nabkni] lkh pe_]* ÎIafkn]n h] i]jan] _kik _kjopepqeiko ah ck^eanjk( ao `]nha iafknao dann]ieajp]o l]n] mqa _qilh] iafkn _kj oq pn]^]fk* Mq jk _naao mqa l]npa `a jqaopnko lnk^hai]o oqnca `a h] l]n heoeo aj h] lkh pe_] k `a h] b]hp] `a pn]jol]naj_e] u `a naj) `e_e j `a _qajp]o `a hko lkh pe_ko bnajpa ] h] _eq`]`]j ]Ï( naolkj`e ] lnacqjp] atlnao]* Pn]o naepan]n mqa h] lnklqaop] jk lnapaj`a `a^ehep]n ]h ?kjcnaok( ]lqjp mqa h]o _]j`e`]pqn]o ej`a) laj`eajpao peajaj mqa are`aj_e]n qj i jeik oqopajpk ok_e]h u lnk^]n mqa _qajp]j _kj qj ]lkuk lklqh]n ^ oe_k l]n] _kilapen( ieajpn]o mqa ok^na h] eje_e]per] lnabanajpa( _kiajp mqa `a^a oan nacqh]`] `a i]jan] mqa jk oa qpehe_a aj Îbkni] pn]ilko]Ï*

H] i]jan]( ]cnac ( ao mqa ah Afa) _qperk ba`an]h ajre oqo eje_e]per]o lnabanajpao Í`ko ] h]o mqa peaja `ana_dkÍ ]h eje_ek `ah lanek`k kn`ej]nek `a oaoekjao( l]n] arep]n Î]_knn]h]nÏ ]h ?kjcnaok* Î@a ran]o ao qj] lnklqaop] ha]h u jk ao pn]ilko]7 lkn ahhk d]u mqa nacqh]nh] ^eajÏ( _kiajp ah oa_nap]nek `a Ck^anj]_e j* =h nabanenoa ]h pai] `a h] naaha_) _e j `a haceoh]`knao u lnaoe`ajpao iqje_el]hao( atlhe_ mqa ao qj] i]jan] `a mqa h] _eq`]`]j ] i]) jeÚaopa ] hko l]npe`ko lkh pe_ko oq `aoak `a bknf]n qj _kjpn]pk ajpna ah aha_pkn u ahace`k pajeaj`k _kik _ajpnk `a oq `a_eoe j( ah `aoaila k* ÎU] jk i o `eo_qnoko aj ah r]_ k* Oe hko l]npe`ko lkh pe_ko jk hk d]j ]lnk^]`k ]jpao( ]dkn] ao peailk l]n] arep]n qj i]ukn `apaneknk `a h] lkh pe_]* Ao aj ^ajabe_ek `a pk`koÏ( ]_kp C ) iav Ikjp* .D

pk_]`k u] aj hko hpeiko ., ` ]o( ok^na pk`k lknmqa h] _eq`]`]j ] lk`n klp]n lkn mqeajao peajaj lnklqaop]o _h]n]o u jk cajan]j _kjbqoe j* ÎJkokpnko pajaiko _kjÚ]jv] aj h] re_pkne] `ah LNEÏ( ]cnac * ͼOacqen j ejpajp]j`k h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a mqa oa `ao]n) iaj h]o ]he]jv]o `ah L=J _kj h] evmqean`]; ÍUk da oe`k ejoeopajpa aj mqa ] mqeaj ha `a^a lnak_ql]n ao ] hko iehep]jpao `a aoko l]npe`ko* Hko iehep]jpao `a aoko l]npe`ko `a^aj aop]n iqu `ao_kj_anp]`ko( lkn) mqa bqanv]o lkh pe_]o mqa d]_a ]laj]o qjko ] ko u aj ]hcqjko pai]o( ] j ]dkn]( oa `ao_]heÚ_]j `n]i pe_]iajpa d]u]j pki]`k ao]o `a_eoekjao*

ͼJk hao lkja janrekoko; ÍJk l]nav_k janreko] ¼ran`]`; Jk* @aÚjeper]iajpa _nak( lkn ah _kjpn]nek( mqa h]o iehep]j_e]o `a ]i^ko l]npe`ko lkh pe_]o `a^aj aop]n iqu `ao_kj_anp]`]oÏ* Ok^na h] lkoe^ehe`]` `a qj nao) mqa^n]f]ieajpk aj Oej]hk] $`kj`a ah oaj]`kn I]nek H lav d] `e_dk mqa lh]pe_] _kj h] klkoe_e j kbanp]o `a oan oq _]j`e`]pk oe ah LNE jk hk lkopqh]%( L]na`ao ]oacqn mqa pn]^]f]j aj ao] ajpe`]` _kj qj l]npe`k bqanpa( l]npe`k i]uknep]nek u _kj ajknia lnaoaj_e] aj pk`]o h]o nacekjao* ͼLank lqa`a d]^an `ereoekjao ]d ( nkileieajpko; ÍJkokpnko pajaiko _kjÚ]jv] aj h] i]`qnav `a hko iehep]jpao `ah LNE aj Oej]hk]* .D

h aop]^ha_eieajpk `a ]he]jv]o _kj l]npe`ko `a klkoe_e j bkni] l]npa lnej_el]h `a h]o aopn]pace]o mqa ah L]npe`k =__e j J]_ekj]h aop]^ha_e aj oq `a_ hkck `a ]__ekjao l]n] _ki^]pen ]h LNE aj aopa ] k aha_pkn]h* @aolq o `a oaeo iaoao `a mqa ah h `an `ah ^h]jmqe]vqh( ? o]n J]r]( `a_e`ean] _na]n qj] ?kieoe j `a NaÛate j( _kkn`ej]`] lkn Fko Hqeo ?kej`na]q( mqa aopq`e]n] h]o n]) vkjao lkn h]o _q]hao ah l]npe`k d]^ ] paje`k h] `annkp] aha_pkn]h aj h]o l]o]`]o aha__ekjao `a .,,5 h] ]dkn] ?kieoe j `a Oacqeieajpk u] peaja ba_d]o u naolkjo]^hao l]n] _]`] ]__e j* L]jeop]o ]oeopajpao ] h] naqje j `ah ?kjoafk J]_ekj]h( mqa oa _aha^n ah -/ `a ba^nank( _kiajp]nkj mqa oa `eankj ] _kjk_an ]hcqjko ]r]j_ao u naoqhp]`ko `a h] _kieoe j p]hao _kik6 hko `ahac]`ko aola_e]hao l]n] aop]n ]h p]jpk `a h]o aha__ekjao u h] ejop]h]_e j `ah oeopai] L=J* Ao qj ia_]jeoik `a _kkn`ej]) _e j ajpna pk`ko hko l]jeop]o mqa aop j aj ah ck^eanjk u aj lqaopko haceoh]perko _kj h] Új]he`]` `a `]nha _kjpejqe`]` ]h lnkua_pk aj _]`] ajpe`]` ba`an]per]* Î$H]o ]he]jv]o% okj qj] l]npa( lank h]o ]__ekjao _kj h]o mqa oa _kj_nap]j aoko k^faperko okj iq_d]o( jk ao _kj qj] okh] ]__e j k lnkcn]i] mqa oa _kjoec] ah k^faperk( ao qj] _ki^ej]_e j `a r]ne]o _ko]o u aopa ao qjk `a hko ahaiajpkoÏ( `ap]hh]nkj l]jeop]o _kjoqhp]`ko* Lkn ahhk( aj h] atlkoe_e j `a hko pai]o ?kej`na]q atlhe_ ] hko ]oeopajpao mqa u] oa _qajp] _kj qj `k_qiajpk _kj ba_d]o u naolkjo]) ^hao( mqeajao _kiajv]nkj ] pn]^]f]n aj hko pai]o `ao`a ajank* Bqa aj jkreai^na _q]j`k ah ?AJ l]jeop] _kiajv _kj lh]ja]_e j ^]o j`koa aj ah `a_ hkck u ]r]j) v aj qj] oanea `a lnklqaop]o u ]__ekjao aj _kj_napk ] na]hev]n l]n] _kjoacqen aoko -, lqjpko* =o ( h] ?kieoe j `a Oacqeieaj) pk ha `ek bkni] ] aoa lh]j `ah ?kiep J]_ekj]h _kj naolkjo]) ^hao( ej`e_]`knao u ba_d]o h iepa l]n] _]`] ]_pk aj _kj_napk( ah _q]h _kiajv ] ]lhe_]noa ] l]npen `a ajank* .D

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Lkn aok( =j`n o Iav] lqj) pq]hev mqa aj aopko lk^h]`ko oa `]n j p]hhanao u _h]oao ok^na h] eil]npe_e j `a fqope_e] u oa) cqne`]`( ]`ai o `a hko lnkcn]) i]o ba`an]hao* =oeieoik( ah bqj_ekj]nek ]beni mqa aj aopa ] k o hk oa ]^nen j `ko oa_qj`]ne]o aj h] _eq`]` `a ?dedq]dq] oe oa _qaj) p] _kj h] i]pn _qh] ja_ao]ne] u _kjbe aj mqa oa] na_kjpn]p]`k lkn hk iajko ., lkn _eajpk `a hko i]aopnko mqa lan`eankj oq pn]^]fk lkn ah _eanna `a lh]jpa) hao ao_kh]nao* .D

_]l]_ep]n ] i]aopnko ok^na h] okhq) _e j `a _kjÛe_pko u lnaraj_e j `a ]`e__ekjao ajpna hko je ko ] pn]r o `a cq ]o( jk namqeana `a iq_dk `ejank l]n] eilhaiajp]noa( lank mqa oa `aopej]n j -3 iehhkjao `a laoko o hk l]n] ?eq`]` Fq nav* Aoko na_qnoko oa `aopej]n j ] h]o ieh ao_qah]o `a a`q_]_e j ^ oe_]* D]op] ah ikiajpk 2,, lh]jpahao aop j ej_hqe`ko aj Ao_qah] Oacq) n] u h] lnkiao] `ah Lnaoe`ajpa ao ]ilhe]nhk ]h naopk* ÎJk ao qj lnk_aok `a `ejank( $lank% bnajpa ] qj lnk^hai] `a aop] i]cjepq`( jejc j lnkcn]i] ]eoh]`k lqa`a naokhranhk* Ao_qah] Oacqn] lkja jb]oeo aj hko ajpknjko ao_k) h]nao u aj ah ]i^eajpa* Oa namqeana lnarajen rekhaj_e]( qj i]n_k `a r]hknao `eopejpkoÏ( oa ]h *

Ok^na h]o Ao_qah]o `a Peailk ?kilhapk( Banj]j`k Ckjv hav ejbkni mqa oa ]lhe_]n j /, ie) hhkjao `a laoko( lnej_el]hiajpa l]n] _kilajo]n ] hko i]aopnko mqa `a^an j atpaj`an oq fknj]`] `a pn]^]fk* Pk`]r ] jk oa `apaniej] ah j iank `a ao_qah]o mqa oa ej) _hqen j( lknmqa oa `a^a ]j]hev]n mqa h] ejbn]aopnq_pqn] oa] ]`a) _q]`] l]n] na]hev]n ]_pere`]`ao atpn]_qnne_qh]nao* ?kik l]npa `a h] _kjpne^q_e j mqa `ao`a ah i^epk a`q_]perk lqa`a d]_anoa _kjpn] h] rekhaj_e] aop h] ejpacn]_e j `ah lnkcn]i]( aj lneiank u oacqj`k `a oa_qj`]ne]( `a bkni]_e j _ re_] u pe_] u h] lnal]n]_e j `a `k_ajpao( ej`e_ Ckjv hav* .D

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qu pailn]jk( ah oehaj_ek mqa aj) rqahra ] O]jp] =j] Vac]_da( aj K]t]_]( ao `eoel]) `k lkn ah nqe`k `a Hko P]hhanao ?k) iqjep]neko( q^e_]`ko aj ah _qn]pk `a h] echaoe] `ao`a -553( `kj`a h]o ]_pere`]`ao _kieajv]j `ao`a iqu pailn]jk* Pn]^]f]j aj ahhko -1 lanokj]o( `a ajpna -4 u /1 ]Â’ko `a a`]`* Oeapa iqfanao( k_dk dki^nao* Oq h]^kn ao na_qlan]n ah ]npa o]_nk mqa( lkn h]nck peailk( aopqrk ao_kj`e`k aj h] l]nnkmqe] lnej_el]h6 qj _k) hkne`k pailhk `kieje_k `ah oechk TREEE( nao_]p]`k lkn hko lej_ahao `ah lejpkn k]t]mqaÂ’k Nk`khbk Ikn]hao* O]jp] =j] Vac]_da oa aj_qaj) pn] ] lk_k iƒo `a qj] dkn] `a h] _]lep]h k]t]mqaÂ’]* Lanpaja_a ]h iqje_elek `a K_kphƒj( `kj`a j]) _e“ Ikn]hao( u ao qj] _kiqje`]` _kj ]laj]o . ieh 1,, d]^ep]jpao( ]ba_p]`] lkn h] iecn]_e“j* Ah lejpkn k]t]mqaÂ’k `a_e`e“ ajoaÂ’]n naop]qn]_e“j ] pn]rŠo `a aopko p]hhanao( _kj h] ejpaj_e“j `a mqa cajan]n]j ailhako ] h]o iq) fanao u h]o nah]_ekj]n] _kj lnk_aoko lnk`q_perko* I“je_] C]hrƒj ?nqv bqa qj] `a ahh]o* Oa ejo_ne^e“ ]h o]hen `a h] oa_qj`]ne] u ]dkn]( -/ ]Â’ko `aolqŠo( ao h] iƒo atlaneiajp]`] `a h]o l]npe_el]jpao* ĂŽ=h lnej_elek bqeiko `eav u pan) iej]iko oeaj`k -4* Ah i]aopnk lnabanÂŽ] ailha]n ] h]o iqfanao( lknmqa `a_ÂŽ] pajÂŽ]j iƒo d]^e) he`]`ao aj h]o i]jko ] h] dkn] `a ^kn`]n u ]h na]hev]n ah pn]^]fk iejq_ekok _kj hko lej_ahao u h]o lejpqn]oĂ?( na_qan`]*

J[iehe iWYhe =h k^oanr]n h] b]_d]`] `ah pailhk `a O]jp] =j] Vac]_da( `a ejia`e]pk ]l]na_a h] l]hap] `a _khkn `a Nk`kh) bk Ikn]hao* Aj hko je_dko( `kj`a `a^anÂŽ]j aop]n Ăš cqn]o `a ƒjcahao k o]jpko( ah ]npeop] _khk_“ f]nnkjao hhajko `a Ă› knao* U ] qj h]`k `a h]o _khqij]o cneac]o( `aheja“ qj l]n `a aolec]o mqa ]r]jv]j lkn h] l]) na` ] h] l]n `a bkni]o cakiŠpne_]o paÂ’e`]o `a ]vqh _eahk* = h] ajpn]`]( `ko leh]o ^]qpeoi]hao _kj Ăš cqn]o `a oan]Ăš jao ]h]`ko( na_e) ^aj ] hko bahecnaoao* =`ajpnk( ah oehaj_ek u h] ko_qne`]` nalko]j( ieajpn]o h] hqv j]pqn]h ehqiej] hko nap]^hko ailkpn]`ko ok^na h]o l]na`ao( hko _q]hao k_qhp]j h] lejpqn] iqn]h mqa `a_kn] pk`] h] aniep]*

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H[WYj_lWd fheo[Yje Aj .,,-( Ikn]hao iqne“ u hko p]hha) nao `apqreankj oqo h]^knao7 ]hcqj]o ejpacn]jpao iecn]nkj( ieajpn]o mqa kpn]o pn]^]f]nkj aj h] naop]qn]_e“j `a O]jpk @kiejck u ah pa]pnk I]_a`kjek =h_]hƒ* Bqa d]op] .,,0( _q]j`k h] naop]qn]`k) n] Cakncej] O]h`]’] na]_per“ ah lnkua_pk ia`e]jpa h] ]uq`] `a r]neko ]_pknao ok_e]hao( ajpna ahhko h] Bqj`]_e“j D]nl Dah˜ u ah ]npeop] lhƒope_k @aieƒj Bhknao( mqeaj ejrkhq_n“ ] _na]`knao _kjpailk) nƒjako l]n] ejpanrajen hko aolafko _kj i]n_k `a aopkb]`k( l]n] `aolqŠo oan nalnk`q_e`ko aj hko p]hhanao u _kian) _e]hev]`ko l]n] na_]q`]n bkj`ko* Aj h] ]_pq]he`]` aj hko p]hhanao oa `] naop]qn]_e“j `a nap]^hko u k^n] _k)

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Domingo 21 de febrero de 2010

21

cine FOTOS: AFP Y REUTERS

e d o s O l e a n a g i k s n a Pol n ó i c c e r i D r o j Plata por Me

polanski En abril de 1969 su esposa, la actriz Sharon Tate, con un embarazo de ocho meses, fue víctima de la banda de Charles Manson, en su casa en Los Ángeles mientras el director se encontraba en rodaje en Londres. En 1977, Samantha Gailey, de 13 años, acusó al director de haberla llevado a casa de Jack Nicholson para fotografiarla, y declaró que el cineasta le había dado bebidas alcohólicas y drogas, para posteriormente violarla.

E DPA Berlín

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Pierce Brosnan, Olivia Williams y Ewan McGragor no asistieron

Relata la historia del escritor de las memorias del primer ministro Ah pne^qj]h `a Hko ãjcahao mqa hha) r] oq _]ok na_d]v aj ajank oq okhe) _epq` `a oan fqvc]`k aj ]qoaj_e]*

La premiación H] >anhej]ha `eopejcqe _kj ah Kok `a Knk ] h] Iafkn Lah _qh] ] h] _ejp] pqn) _] >]h $Ieah%( `ah _eja]op] Oaied G]) lh]jkchq* ?kj >]h( aji]n_]`] aj hko l]eo]fao `a h] _kop] `ah I]n Jacnk( Pqnmq ] oa d]_a _kj ah i teik c]) h]n` j `ah Baoper]h Ejpanj]_ekj]h `a >anh j lkn lneian] rav aj 02 ] ko* H] lk pe_] _ejp] u oq ajpanja_a`kn lnkp]ckjeop]( qj je k oaie]qpeop](

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Polanski fue acusado. Se declaró culpable del cargo menor de tener relaciones sexuales ilícitas con una menor y fue condenado a 90 días de prisión, pero le dieron un permiso de otros 90 días para terminar un proyecto. El 1° de febrero de 1978 Polanski voló a Londres y de ahí a Francia, país en el que tiene nacionalidad, evitando su extradición. Desde entonces vivió en Francia y Polonia evitando naciones que pudieran detenerlo.

Aunque hubiera podido, no habría ido, pues la última vez que acudí a un festival a recibir un premio acabé en la cárcel” Roman Polanski

En comunicado oficial

Semih Kaplanoglu, el director turco que se llevó el premio a la Mejor Película por Honey (Bal)

El 26 de septiembre del año pasado, el cineasta fue arrestado, a petición de la justicia de EU, en Zúrich, lugar al que acudió a recibir un galardón.

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