Luke Collins Final Major Project

Using design to encourage consumers to take greater responsibility for their carbon footprint.

Luke Collins Q14148544 Professional Project - Design Document Luke Collins

AAP605/606

BA(Hons) Product Design

ASSIGNMENT FEEDBACK

Final Grade

Student Name

Luke Collins

Unit Code and Name

MP605 - Professional Project Research

Feedback Delivered within 4 Weeks

y

N

Dr Alan Manley

Sampled Cohort

y

N

Unit Leader

Level 6

Period 2

2020-21

Assignment Code

I

I

A2

AE2 Report

Assignment Title

Overall Grade

A1

AZ

A3

A4

B1

BZ

B3

C1

CZ

C3

D1

DZ

D3

F1

F2

F3

Numerical Grade Equivalent

100

92

83

74

68

65

62

58

55

52

48

45

42

35

20

15

Evidence of exceptional research for the level, aaoss a broad ranse which is aiticaly analysed to draw incisive conclusions.

Evidence of comprehensive research for the level, across a broad range which is analysed to draw pertinent conclusions.

Evidence of thorough research for the level, across a range which is systematically analysed

Evidence of research which is analysed at a basic level.

Limited evidence of research, which is offered without analysis.

Aspects are fully resolved and there is an exceptional sensitivity to, and integration of technical and commercial issues.

Aspects are fullv resolwd and there is a comprehensive understandina and intearation of technical and comm ercial issues.

Aspects are resolved and there is a sound grasp of the integration of technical and commercial issues.

Most aspects are resolved and there is evidence of understanding of technical and commercial issu es.

Some aspects of the solution are not fully resolved and there is little understanding of technical and commercial issues.

Solution not resolved, no understanding of technical and commercial issues.

Elements unfinished.

2D Communication

Solution is communicated with exceptional clarity for the lewl, enablina ideas to be accessed and assimilated b\l a wide audience.

Solution is communicated with excellent clarity for the level, enabling ideas to be accessed by a wide audience.

Solution is comm unicated with clarity for the level, using a variety of appropriate methods.

Solution is communic ated well for the level, and is accessible to a wide audience.

Solution is communicated at a basic level.

Solution difficult to comprehend.

Evaluation

Shows sensithiity and insialit in the evaluation of the qualty and effectiwness of solutions and their context.

Shows an excellent ability to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of solutions and their context.

Good ability to reflect on the quality and effectiveness of solutions and their context.

Evidence of ability to reflect on the quality and effectiveness of solutions and their context.

Limited evidence of evaluation of solutions and their context.

No reflection on solution.

Professionalism and Studentship

Makes a mature and insialitful contribution to aitiques, demonstrates exemplary project manapment and exceptional initiative, iudaement and perseverance.

Demonstrates skils appropriate to professional position.

Makes a mature and valuable contribution to critiques, demonstrates efficient project management and considerable initiative, judgement and perseverance. Demonstrates skills which allow progression to professional position with minimal support.

Makes valuable cont ribution to critiques, demonstrates time management, initiative, jud gement and perseverance.

Demonstrates skills which allow progression to professional position with appropriate support.

Makes a contribution in critiques, demonstrates planning and perseverance.

Demonst rates skills which allow progression to professional position with support and guidance.

Attends critiques, meets deadlines. Demonstrates skills which allow progression to professio nal position with training, support and guidance.

Attend ance poor. Not ready for professional position.

Research and Analysis

Commercial Viability

Incomplete research, no analysis.

support inspire achieve

Award of Excellence Institution of Engineering Designers Annual Prize Award This is to certify that

Luke Collins Solent University Bachelor of Arts - Product Design (course meets academic requirement for Registered Product Designer) is awarded

Best Final Year Project

Secretary

Date

Institution of Engineering Designers

17 JUNE 2021

Acknowledgements An infinitely big sincere thank you to all my tutors who gave me the brilliant and imperative knowledge, skills, criticism, and the ability to push that final boulder over the hill and produce this dissertation.

Mark Jones Dr Alan Manley Gordon Brand (with special thanks to Arthur) Tomasz Dyl Alison Messenger Peter Dawes

This dissertation is dedicated to my life-long Best Friend and Companion, Max. Who has lived a long and wonderful life, now forever happily leaping through the grassy fields surrounding Abbotsbury’s St Catherine’s Chapel.

Rest well, old friend. x (Translation: Bark Bark)

2

Contents Problem Statement

4

Aims and Objectives

5

Project Planner

6

Secondary Research What is Climate Change?

What is Global Warming?

What are the main effects of Climate Change?

What is Carbon Footprint?

The Technological Timeline of Humanity The History of Humanity’s carbon footprint Who has the worst carbon footprint?

What sectors contributes the most to Climate Change?

What is the Carbon Footprint of everyday items?

Are people aware of their carbon footprint?

Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change What is Carbon Offset?

What is Circular Economy?

What is Design for Behaviour Change?

How to encourage Sustainable Behaviour through design?

What is Nudge Theory?

9-30 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 23 24 26 28 30

Primary Research Carbon Footprint Questionnaire Carbon Footprint Questionnaire Expanded Carbon Footprint Questionnaire 2 Carbon Footprint Awareness Questionnaire Competitor Analysis Competitor Analysis: Public Displays of Information

32-43 33 34 36 38 40 42

Research Summary

44

Marketing The Marketing Mix Target Market S.W.O.T Analysis Ansoff Matrix P.E.S.T.L.E Analysis Marketing Segmentation Legal Requirements Intellectual Property Product Life-cycle Analysis Break-even Analysis Route to Market Marketing Conclusion

46-63 48 50 52 53 54 56 58 59 60 61 62 63

The Concept Design Specification System Design Concept Summary

65-68 66 67 68

Proof of Concept Tilt Mechanism Model Proof of Concept Questionnaire 1:1 Scale Model How it works?

70-76 71 72 74 76

Design Development CAD Development of the Hub Device CAD Development of the Appliance Plug Final Design Detailing App Design - CeCo Companion App Design - Sequence of Use

78-87 80 81 82 84 86

Manufacturing Hub Device Exploded Appliance Plug Exploded Material Selection Material Selection - Polypropylene Barium Sulfate Material Selection - Polyvinyl Chloride-Elastomer Method of Manufacture Tooling Costs Bought-In Component Costs Grand Total of Manufacture Costs General Assembly of Hub Device General Assembly of Appliance Plug

88-103 90 91 92 94 96 98 99 100 101 102 103

Visualisation and Presentation

104-115

Reflective Practice

116-117

Appendices References

118-207 119

3

PROBLEM STATEMEN T Climate change is an imperative issue that we as a species are responsible, due to a huge accelerating increase in Carbon Dioxide emissions from increasing global demand for energy.

A common link for the cause of increasing Carbon Dioxide emissions is the increasing carbon footprint from everyone that uses energy, either directly or indirectly. Everything man has made leaves a carbon footprint, as more of the global population manufactures, gathers, builds, destroy, etc, Carbon Dioxide emissions will rise, adding to the effect of climate change.

A potential way of tackling this issue is by reworking the behaviour of society, making society aware of their carbon footprint, and that they can help reduce the effects of climate change by changing their day to day actions.

“A programmer in the US has a higher CO2 footprint than fifty farmers in Uganda.”

– ourworldindata.org, 2019

4

AIMS

OBJECTIVES Understand Climate Change and its effect on the environment.

To develop a product that tracks the energy usage of the appliances used in a household and provide assistance to help an individual reduce

Identify what is carbon footprint and what contributes to it.

their energy usage and their carbon footprint.

Identify which population classes, countries, and economical sectors have the highest carbon footprint.

With the upper middle class responsible for the majority of household

Discover who is aware and / or are concerned of climate change and their carbon footprint.

carbon emissions, is there a way to encourage positive behaviour change among individual’s in regards to them reducing their carbon footprint?

Identify a method to educate an individual and encourage behaviour change towards a mindset that is aware of their carbon footprint and concerned about their effect on the climate.

5

6

7

8

Photo by Markus Spiske from Pexels

Secondary Research

9

What is Climate Change?

Climate change is a long-term process that affects the local weather systems and temperature of world regions or the entirety of Earth’s weather patterns. The process has occurred throughout the history of the Earth. Climate change is caused by a sudden, dramatic increase or decrease of Greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, or processes, such as the Milankovitch cycles and natural disasters.

Paleoclimate and geological records show that the Earth’s climate has experienced drastic changes throughout its history. This can be proved by ice cores and ancient sedimentary deposits, extracted from undisturbed environments.

Ice cores preserve a portion of the atmosphere present during the formation of the ice. Contained within these artefacts are air bubbles. These can be dated and analysed to discover the concentration level of an atmospheric gas molecule. They can provide a rough percentage of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas molecules from a specific time period.

Appendices 1

450

Carbon Dioxide (CO2 PPM)

425 400 375 350 325 300 275 250

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Graphic recreation from www.co2levels.org/ 10

2000

What is Global Warming?

When greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere, they act as a one-way blanket for the photons released by the Sun upon the Earth. When sun rays enter the atmosphere, they will reflect off the Earth, living a portion of their energy before redirecting away. However, greenhouse gases absorb some of the radiation and send it back to the Earth. This is Global Warming in the simplest terms and is one of the main processes linked to Climate Change.

The greenhouse gas emissions that are cause for Climate Change include: Methane (CH4) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Carbon dioxide emissions are produced when a source of carbon is ignited, releasing energy and CO2 into the atmosphere. Examples of this include: • A car burning petrol to power its engine and releases CO2 and other pollutants via the exhaust.

• A wildfire burning dry vegetation releasing the plant’s carbon structure as a gas.

1) Sun rays enter atmosphere.

the

2) Some rays hit the land, transfer a portion of their energy and are reflected into space, allowing the Earth to cool.

3) Some rays are trapped by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, as they are reflected by the gas molecules.

4) Increased concentration of greenhouse gases will result in more heat being trapped, therefore, the global average temperature will increase

CO2 is the most common and easily produced greenhouse gas since fossil fuel combustion is the main method of energy production.

Appendices 2

11

What are the main effects of Climate Change?

As global temperatures increase, weather-based disasters will increase in severity and frequency and change in weather patterns.

Image by Sven Lachmann from Pixabay

Photo by Artem Podrez from Pexels

Longer summers, shorter winters

Increase risk of disease

Photo by Francesco Ungaro from Pexels

Image by Arek Socha from Pixabay

Ice cap melt, sea level rise Appendices 3 12

Changes in weather patterns

What is Carbon Footprint?

Carbon footprint is the activity of an individual, organisation, society, or product which release greenhouse gases emissions (Carbon emissions) into the atmosphere, either directly or indirectly. Carbon emissions are conveyed as a carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).

For example, an individual driving their car to the nearest supermarket to purchase groceries: The person is burning fuel, releasing carbon dioxide while driving, which contributes to carbon dioxide emissions directly.

The person is purchasing groceries, which would have been driven to the supermarket via a delivery truck. The supermarket would need electricity, to power the refrigerator, from the grid to function would have required the burning of fossil fuels. All contributing to the person’s carbon footprint, indirectly.

Carbon footprint accounts for all greenhouses, but carbon dioxide is the targeted gas, due to it being the focus of sustainability plans and the most well known to the public.

Appendices 4

13

The Technological Timeline of Humanity How the carbon footprint of humanity has increased over time.

Carbon emissions (CO2) Low Appendices 5 14

High

The History of Humanity’s carbon footprint Humanity has always had a carbon footprint, even back when they first discovered fire, despite that for the majority of history we have had a minuscule carbon footprint when compared to the carbon footprint we have today. Even though we contributed to climate change through the destruction of woodlands for land use, smelting ores to create weapons and other metal items, and increasing the domestic animal population for farming. It was not until the start of the ‘First Industrial Revolution’ when James Watt developed the steam engine and Edmund Cartwright’s powered loom revolutionised the industrial landscape when human’s started to make a noticeable impact on the Earth’s atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.

The carbon footprint of Humanity grew, while greenhouse gas emissions increases. This is due to each

advancement

brought

along

by

each

industrial

revolution.

From

coal-powered

combustion

engines, the introduction of the assembly line to oil-powered combustion engines and the invention of electricity: processes and methods that resulted in the release of greenhouse gases rapidly grew.

Prior

to

carbon

the

dioxide

‘First can

Industrial be

measured

Revolution, to

be

the around

global 280

average parts

concentration per

million

of

(ppm).

As of November 19th, 2020, the global average concentration is measured to be around 412.14ppm and the rate of increase is reported to be 100 times more rapid than the increase after the last ice age ended.

Throughout the last 800,000 years, average carbon dioxide levels fluctuated between 180ppm and 280ppm. This is the result of interchanging glacial periods and interglacial warm periods, showing that pre-industrial revolution humanity barely affected the Earth’s climate.

Appendices 5

15

Who has the worst carbon footprint?

Upper-middle and high-income countries make up 51%

In terms of continental regions: Asia, North America and Europe

of the total population; however, they are responsible

are most responsible for climate change because their combined

for 86% of global CO2 emissions (as of 2016).

emission output makes up 88% of the total global CO2 emissions.

But looking into the data, high-income countries,

China, India, the United States of America and the European Union

despite making up 16% of the total population,

(as of 2017) are the main contributing group of countries to their

are

respected continents.

responsible

for

38%

of

global

emissions.

Examples of high-income countries: • United Kingdom • United States of America • Qatar • Germany • Japan • Sweden • Spain • Luxemboug • Hong Kong

Examples of upper-middle-income countries: • China • South Africa • Turkey • Thailand • Venezuela • Iraq • Iran • Mexico • Russian Federation

The CO2 emissions of high income and upper-middle-income countries can be all linked back to the carbon footprint that each leave behind. High-income countries’ carbon footprint is commonly linked to energy usage in buildings than in industry, international aviation travel and importing consumer goods from upper-middle-income countries, such as China.

Meanwhile, upper-middle-income countries’ carbon footprint is most commonly linked to industry sectors being their main source of income (producing consumer goods to be exported to high-income countries). It is predicted that lower-income countries will soon join the upper-middle-income group as they begin to grow and industrialise more, contributing further to climate change.

16

Appendices 6

What sectors contributes the most to Climate Change?

According to OurWorldinData.org, the sector that contributes to total global greenhouse gas emissions most is Energy by 73.2%.

The Energy sector is made up of Energy use in Buildings and Industry, and Transport: Energy use in Industry makes up 24.2%, Energy use in Buildings makes up 17.5 % and Transport makes up 16.2 % of emissions.

The areas of interest are Transport and Energy use in Buildings, as these areas can be linked to human behaviour and can be easier to influence than corporate-run industries.

Road Transport and Buildings have a great global emissions output, as they are imperative for societies to function well and efficiently, and are linked to population. As the population of a region grows, more buildings will need to be constructed to support the new residents and more vehicles will be purchased and used, therefore, the demand for energy and fossil fuels will increase, so will the rate of emissions.

Energy use in buildings regards Commerical and Residential, of which Residential buildings have the highest global emissions 10.9%.

Transport includes Road Transport, Aviation, Shipping, Rail, and Pipeline, where Road Transport has the highest global emissions of 11.9%.

Appendices 7 17

What is the Carbon Footprint of everyday items?

18

19

Are people aware of their carbon footprint? being

The United States of America, the United

Discovering that the major high-income countries

responsible for 38% of total greenhouse

Kingdom, Scandinavia, Russia and China

are aware of climate change but tend to be least

gas emissions, are they aware of their

are ranked in the regions of less than

concerned about the effects of climate change, why

carbon footprint and how it contributes to

50% to 79% of the population considers

are these countries have little concern about the

climate change?

if climate change is a serious threat. As

severity of climate change?

these countries are most responsible for

A study conducted in Finland aimed to explore how

With

high-income

countries

High-income countries tend to have

high carbon emissions or are capable of

higher education levels than upper-

mitigating climate change.

middle-income countries; therefore, the

the Finnish population perceive the information provided about the carbon footprint of food products using an online questionnaire and several

majority of the population should know a

focus groups. The study gave products ‘carbon

basic amount of knowledge about climate

value’, the calculated figure of carbon emissions

change, carbon footprints and how it is

produced, as a Carbon Equivalent (CO2e). Out

linked together.

of 1010 respondents, only 7% linked the carbon

A poll conducted in 119 countries, between

footprint of a product to greenhouse gas emissions

2007 and 2008, asked the people if they

and 5% associated it with climate change.

are aware of climate change and if they think it should be taken seriously. As

90% of respondents said that they knew about the

expected, high-income countries are

carbon footprint of a product, it would have a small

the majority of having high awareness

impact on their purchasing decision; although the

and

lower-income

majority of respondents liked the idea of carbon

least

aware.

footprint labels on products as a way to compare the

Upper middle and low-income countries

carbon values of the product, it is stated there was a

upper-middle

countries

are

in

the

consider climate change as a threat.

Interestingly, the regions that are aware of the severity mainly include South and

Simplifing data from Appendices 8

lack of understanding for the need of carbon values on products. It is further established that being environmentally friendly when it comes to product

Central America, parts of Africa, Southern

consumption is not considered by consumers.

parts of Asia and Europe.

This shows that there is a large portion of those ignorant of the effects of their carbon footprint.

Furthermore, there is a great need in educating consumers about how their carbon footprint has a huge impact on the environment.

20

Appendices 8

Appendices 9

A lack of education appears to be the main reason why high-income countries are ignorant about the threat of climate change. However, education in these countries tend to be better funded than upper-middle-income countries, yet they [upper-middle income countries] are less ignorant.

A paper regarding the issue of ‘The relationship between Climate Change Concern and National

High-income countries are less concerned about climate change in that they tend to be not as affected by natural disasters as lowerincome countries. This is due to either the countries being located in regions of lower frequencies of natural disasters, and/or, have a strong enough infrastructure and economy to reduce or mitigate the effects.

Wealth’, tackled the idea that if people from nations of greater wealth would have a greater awareness of climate change, which the study discovered was true. However, they found that it is the opposite when it comes the people’s perception of the negative consequences of climate change.

This ignorance was found to be caused by the highincome countries’ ability to provide resources, infrastructure, insurance, support systems for those at most risk of natural disasters linked to climate change.

They can afford to swiftly fix the aftermath of a disaster and mitigate the effects of a disaster, while lowerincome countries may not be able to fully cover the damage or preparation costs and require international investment, in terms of supplies, rescue, funds, etc.

Another thing that can attribute to a high-income country’s ignorance is their experience with natural disasters, it can be found that most high-income countries are located in regions that have a low frequency of natural disasters when compared to the Caribbean, Philapeans, South Asia and Africa.

Appendices 10

Photo by Kaique Andrades from Pexels

21

Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change

Appendices 11

22

What is Carbon Offset?

Carbon offset is a broad mitigation

Carbon

strategy

by funding projects. The projects

in

which

you

balance

offset

out your carbon footprint activity

range

with

providing

a

carbon-reducing

activity.

from

can

be

conducted

growing

forests

to

fuel-efficient

stoves

for

communities in low-income countries.

A way to compensate for the carbon emissions released. This can create

For example, after using air travel to go

‘carbon neutrality by balancing out

on holiday, invest in projects that plant

emission output with emission input.

trees to compensate for the carbon emissions released from travelling.

Furthermore,

carbon

offset

is

considered to be more efficient at reducing carbon emissions than individuals and small businesses.

An issue with carbon offset is that it takes time to figure out the carbon equivalent of the emissions released by your carbon footprint, as it is essential to work out how much you need to compensate to make sure that the carbon offset is successful.

However, they are calculators online that can speed up the process and

give

Appendices 11

you

accurate

results.

Examples of current carbon offset programs: Carbonfootprint.com,

offers

a

worldwide range of projects, from providing

fuel-efficient

stoves

in

Kenya to planting trees in the UK. Bulb.co.uk donates £2 to charities and social enterprises that combat climate change whenever a new user switches to the renewable energy service that Bulb offers. www.shell.co.uk/make-the-future, Shell is aiming towards a net 0% future by investing in carbon offset plans, such as renewable energy production.

Photo by Ron Lach from Pexels

23

What is Circular Economy?

The Circular economy is a business

Potential

model that encourages a low

opportunities are opened by new activities added

carbon footprint and eco-friendly

to the production line, such as remanufacturing

outlook. The model aims to ensure

and recycling. Further innovation and transition

that a business or an organisation,

will

of

employ more people, further increasing GDP.

all

sizes

and

sectors,

is

to

provide

provide

more

more

job

jobs,

as

opportunities

new

and

successful and efficient while being environmentally friendly.

Lastly, encouraging innovation as outdated

Other than reducing the negative

traditional methods to create, maintain and

environmental effects that can be

caused

business

by

an

model,

inefficient

the

Circular

economy

model

provides

economic

benefits,

including:

Increasing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) by the higher earnings from companies using the model, and lower production costs, as a result of employing a more efficient

productive

Reducing

material

scheme. cost

by

encouraging more cost-efficient methods/layouts

of

processing

materials, to reduce waste and get more out product out of the material.

Appendices 12

24

design products and systems. An economy with greater innovation will have higher rates of technological growth, better materials, energy efficiency and more opportunities to increase revenue for companies and individuals.

As the Circular economy model becomes more accepted by businesses and organisations, it could create a positive feedback loop where more companies see it as a more profitable business model, increasing its popularity, increasing its awareness, therefore, more businesses are more likely to find it and embrace it into their business, and so on.

As a result, the Circular economy model will begin to slowly direct the mindset of businesses towards something more green, this will pass down to the consumers as they embrace the results of the model, changing their consumption behaviour; in a nutshell, enacting behavioural change through design.

Photo by Vlada-Karpovich from Pexels

The Circular Economy Model

Discovering how the product/system

Preserving the value and functionality

Avoiding

non-renewable

may negatively affect the environment

of a product or system, by ensuring that

greenhouse gas emission-intensive

and/or human health and ‘design out’

the design factors in durability, longevity,

resources,

invest

these parts to reduce these effects.

if it can be reused, remanufactured,

sustainable

resources

Examples of these negative effects

recycled. If these factors are met, the

reduction of negative environmental

are Greenhouse gas emissions, the

components, materials and the design

effects and encourage the preservation

release of hazardous substances, and

can remain in the economy and be

of natural systems. This can be

air, land, and water pollution.

successful for a long period of time.

enacted by using renewable energy or

Additionally, the inclusion of bio-

encourage the restoration of natural

materials is encouraged to ensure an

systems.

and

and

rely to

on

ensure

environmentally friendly mentality.

Appendices 12

25

What is Design for Behaviour Change?

Design for behaviour change is an approach psychology

to

design to

that

applies

influence

human

behaviour by the form of the function of the design. All theories of behavioural change draw from personal, behaviour and

environmental

characteristics

to push behaviour change within a community or an individual. Designers use behaviour change theories when they require their product to create an impact on its consumers and the community that may surround the design.

Behavioural design is one of the main approaches used to encourage sustainability in society. It is imperative to ensure a successful shift to a sustainable future by educating people to think sustainable. Altering the activity of an individual to achieve the desired result will be difficult without changing the behaviour of that individual. Being able to establish an easy-to-understand and relatable motive, showing how this will benefit the individual and making it a smooth transition that the majority of everyone can jump on, will make the

Examples of Behavioural design theories: Persuasive technology Using technology to influence or alter the performance of target behaviours or social responses.

Behavioural economics Promoting sustainable using technologies that feedback, constraints, and

behaviour draw on persuasion.

Design for healthy behaviour Relying on the trans-theoretical model, a framework that designers can use to help them understand the different stages of decision making a person goes through to change their behaviour.

Mindful design Encouraging responsibility through the user’s actions and choices, by creating critical awareness of different choices available in a situation.

Socially responsible design This framework focuses on the intended user experience, which identifies categories of influences created by a product, including decisive, coercive, persuasive and seductive.

These categories are used to encourage wanted and discourage unwanted behaviour.

Appendices 13 and 14

product, system, or activity a success.

26

Photo by Lisa from Pexels

Behavioural Design can be simplified by using the Design Thinking process as a way to understand it. Designers from all sectors use Design Thinking to solve the problems they wish to tackle and the process can be adapted

for

Behavioural

Design.

Firstly, using a combination of primary and

secondary

research,

we

can

Learn about the target market that I am designing for.

Test what I have developed so far with my target market.

Brainstorming creative solutions.

discover why does the chosen target market partake in the activities they do and what opportunities are available we can exploit to obtain the results we desire. Secondly, begin to ideate concepts and ideas that work with a

Empathy

Define

Ideate

Prototype

Test

specification, created by the refining of the research. Then, develop them further so that they can be tested in the real world using the target market, the feedback generated from observing the target market will allow us to discover if it has succeeded in encouraging the desired behaviour.

To

ensure

the

effectiveness

From the results of the empathy stage, refine and focus the question I am tackling.

Develope a representation of a range of my ideas for feedback.

of

the Design for Behaviour Change, understanding the psychology of the target market and how to achieve the

A recreation of the Design Thinking process by Ideo, from Appendices 14.

A recreation of the Design Thinking process by Ideo, from Appendices 14.

desired behaviour will be imperative.

Once this is figured out, combining it with the Design Thinking process will improve the viability and efficiency of the product.

Appendices 14 27

How to encourage Sustainable Behaviour through design?

Design for Sustainable Behaviour is

“...inventive

system

design

an approach to design that focuses

and technology can be used to

on the user and the use of a product

facilitate interaction and support

and is applied to product design when

people in fulfilling needs without

sustainability is the desired outcome.

avoidable

This practice allows designers to

social impacts.”

encourage sustainable activity among

(sustainabilityguide.eu/methods/

their intended target market and a

design-sustainable-behaviour/)

environmental

and

range of opportunities to enact this can

“It is not enough to understand

the target market, focusing on the user’s

what people do and think, one

habits and the behavioural interaction of

must

the user while participating in a specific

people know, feel, and dream

activity; is essential to understand what

about.”

influences the users’ behaviour when

(sustainabilityguide.eu/methods/

it comes to being able to complete an

design-sustainable-behaviour/)

Appendices 14

28

holistic)

process that establishes sustainability preconditions for daily routines.

The Layers of Design focuses on how

influence the user’s mindset. If each of

Obtaining an extensive understanding of

studies to back up their design work.

is more than merely the sum of Improving the sustainability of one’s its parts, in theory, or practice...” daily routine requires the designer (www.dictionary.com/browse/ to consider the Layers of Design, a

of the design, how each function will

designer’s chosen audience.

design must conduct thorough user

A holistic approach to design

the user will interact with functions

be discovered after researching the

activity sustainably. Furthermore, the

Holistic, “...the idea that the whole

also

understand

what

these layers is used effectively, it will ensure the successful development of a product that will provide the desired behavioural outcomes.

Enlighten,

Spur,

Steer,

or

Force?

One design strategy used during the design for the sustainable behaviour process

establishes

two

possible

ideals that the designer can use as a way to approach the design: Is the user motivated or forced to shift to a more sustainable mindset?

Enlighten educates users about the consequences of their current behaviour and provide information on what they can do to improve their behaviour and

mitigate

the

consequences.

Spur encourages the reduction of resource consumption, resources that link to the user’s carbon footprint, e.g: energy, food, etc, and rewarding the user for improvement of their behaviour.

Steer ensures that a low resource consumption behaviour is the most favourable choice, this can be directed by designing the product, system or service to be low cost and more efficient than the more resource-intensive alternative.

Force focuses on making resourceintensive behaviours impossible and only allows low resource mindsets to work.

Appendices 14 29

What is Nudge Theory?

Nudge Theory is a behavioural design concept that seeks a better understanding and control of ‘heuristic’ influences of the behaviour of an individual. Relying on the design of choices, Nudge Theory bring forwards the idea that choices should be designed to reflect the instinctive, irrational thoughts and decisions of people, instead of how people think and choose coherently and rationally, as believed by authorities.

Nudge Theory, in practice, encourages and enables individuals to complete the desired task without any direct instructions or demanding the individual with force. It is seen as a more cultivated attitude towards creating a change within a

Recreation of graphic from Appendices 15

person, instead of enforcing or penalising to achieve change.

The theory can be implemented via a large range of methods, here a couple of examples: Gamification - providing game-based design elements to a task, so that the user will enjoy completing the activity and could potentially enact competition as the user may seek to improve their ability to complete the activity, or seek to be better at completing the activity than others, and therefore, this could decrease the time taken to finish the task.

Product design - improving or changing the product/system, that is the focus of the activity, to increase activity’s functionality, improve the appeal of the task and its accessibility to the intended target market.

Even small, simple changes can be used to encourage behavioural change towards daily routines and activities.

Appendices 15 30

“A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve

problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action.”

CHERRY, K., 2020. Heuristics and Cognitive Biases Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-aheuristic-2795235 Any method that can encourage a heuristic effect within the target market to change their perspective of the activity to make it less effort to complete and provide a ‘reward’, either being a physical or mentally (for example: a dopamine rush).

This can be exploited to encourage positive behavioural change without directly educating or enforcing the user.

Photo by Alena Koval from Pexels

31

Primary Research

32

Carbon Footprint Questionnaire I created a questionnaire which uses questions I have obtained from the WWF Carbon footprint calculator. This is so that I can get data which I can input into the calculator and find out the carbon footprint of individual’s. An important piece of information that will provide a better understanding of people’s current carbon footprint.

The total responses achieved were 51 with a good spread of age groups, perhaps slightly lacking in the 31 - 40 group. However, the gender ratio is heavily tilted towards female, which would not affect the results of the questionnaire, it just means there is an uneven distribution of participants, which is not desired for a questionnaire.

This shows people’s awareness of the origin of the products they have purchased, and perhaps hint towards where they shop and the kind of products they buy. Depending on where origin of import, the costs can change drastically.

These results could be potentially inaccurate, as it is relying on the participant’s memory and they might not remember how much they waste exactly.

Furthermore, they may not know a percentage and underestimate, as a way to make them feel better, subconsciously.

Destinat i on Destination

Quantity

None

34

Domestic (UK / Ireland)

2

Up to 1250km

12

1250km to 2500km

1

2500km to 5500km

4

5500km to 9000km

1

9000km to 17500km

2

The answers for question 10 may be voided due to the unique situation of the current COVID-19 global pandemic, causing the cancellation of people’s plans to use air travel, so the answers could not be replicated after the end of the pandemic and the situation returns to normal.

This is an important pair of questions as it tests the participants’ awareness of ‘carbon offset’ and knowledge of what it is does. As shown, in question 11, more than 50% of the participants answered ‘No’ and 26% answered ‘Don’t know’. This shows that there is a large number of participants have do not know what carbon offset is and suggests people should be educated on carbon offset.

Additionally, as seen in question 12, there was some confusion, where participants who answered ‘No’ still answered this question.

However, around 50% of participants answering this question answered ‘None of them’ and 34% answered ‘Don’t know’ further pushing the previous point.

33

Carbon Footprint Questionnaire Expanded After achieving a substantial number of respondents on the first questionnaire, a selected number of respondents were put through the WWF carbon footprint calculator (footprint.wwf. org.uk/) to find out what is their carbon footprint, in tonnes, and if it is good for the planet. The site compares the calculation results to the 2020 carbon footprint target of 10.5 tonnes, the World average, and the UK average.

Response No.2 - Female (17-21)

Response No.11 - Female (51-60)

Response No.21 - Female (60+) 34

Response No.24 - Male (22-30)

Response No.31 - Male (60+)

Response No.42 - Female (22-30) 35

Carbon Footprint Questionnaire 2 The objectives of this questionnaire is to: Obtain an understanding of people’s views on Climate change, Carbon footprint and find out their thoughts about the concept that this project will be working on. This questionnaire was a great success as I got a range of answers and a good direction to continuing working from.

These are basic questions and it is good to see the majority of participants have answered in the areas that are most important. Majority of people believe in climate change and that they are worried about its effects.

It is interesting to know that people are willing to reduce their carbon footprint. However, there are decent sized groups who are more unsure, this may be solved with a better understanding of their carbon footprint, its effect and how it can be reduced.

36

Climate Change and Carbon Footprint

Product Questions

Interesting to know that the majority of participants would try the product if offered it for free. This could be a potential marketing direction.

An expected result where there would a mixture of answers, however, I was not expecting a large majority unsure about purchasing the product. Would greater clarification of the product help them decide or education about carbon footprint and its impact may help?

It is good to know that if the government put in place green policies that affect people directly, there would be a good majority who will be accepting of it.

A very useful question, essential for the marketing side of this project. £31 to £60 is a decent price range, to make it profitable, it would be best to aim towards £60. I will use this for the marketing of the final design.

A grant would be a good way to market the product, however, it may be difficult to obtain.

As seen by the 80% majority, lots of people will be willing to use the product if they can get it cheaper than the original price.

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Carbon Footprint Awareness Questionnaire Discovering what products/activities people think have the highest carbon footprint and what they think is worse for the environment.

38

39

Competitor Analysis

The end goal of this project will be

Fitbit Inspire HR Health & Fitness

GEO Minim Energy Monitor

This product is used to monitor and keep track of the user’s daily routine, including steps, distance, calories burned and heart rate, which is displayed on the touchscreen display and can be navigated by swiping and pressing. It automatically recognises when the user is active and is constantly monitoring them. It can track the user’s sleep, recognising when they are experiencing light, deep or REM.

This product can be self-installed into practically every household and provides a visible representation of the ‘current energy usage’ and a ‘budget bar’ that is used to track the cost of the energy that has been used.

designing a product that will direct the user towards a carbon aware mindset. It will be useful to explore current market products or services that increase the awareness of a particular issue or subject.

This will provide knowledge of what is already available to the public and gain an understanding of what the outcome of this project could potentially look like, in terms of what it would like, its functionality, how the user interacts with it.

It can be used to encourage the user to be more active, stay hydrated and set goals for their exercise routines.

The device can provide pointers and even can guide them to correctly and safely perform exercise-based activities, without requiring the help of a personal trainer.

Appendices 21 40

All the monitored information is transferred to the user’s smartphone, where it can provide more in-depth information about their routines.

There are smaller devices/accessories available with the same function, which can link to the product and phone.

The monitored information is stored for up to a month and is displayed on a digital screen.

The energy usage is visualised using a ‘speedometer’- like graphic, while the cost of the energy can be visualised either as currency, carbon dioxide equivalent, or kilowatts per hour.

The user interface is navigated used 3 different buttons.

GridDuck - low-cost energy management system A company that provides hardware, an online user interface and a programming interface to commercial sector companies so that the user can monitor, analyse and control their energy usage.

The monitored energy usage is displayed in real-time and be stored for future comparison.

The hardware can be installed and connected to electronic appliances. These devices can be transferred the collected data and be controlled wirelessly by the user.

A case study, provided by GridDuck, explains how a GridDuck product was installed into a petrol station’s refrigerator and was used to automatically turn off the fridge between 10 pm and 5 am. As a result, the product saved 23% of the cost of powering the fridge, by taking into account the cost of the appliance and its installation and provides a payback in under a year.

Grohe Sense Controller A product the water

Guard

Smart

Water

that is installed into system of households.

Detects any pipe leakages, any anomalies and early signs of frost water.

Monitors the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the water, and tracks daily water usage.

Allows the user to manually shut off water flow to reduce water damage, or automatically when the device senses an issue.

Potential outlooks on how the design of the product could be influenced by these ‘competitors’, and how it can be used to help reduce carbon footprint: Wearable technology: making carbon footprint reduction fashionable? small wearable devices that can connect to a hub for data storage and recharging?

A device that is installed into the user’s household: monitors user’s carbon footprint and the household carbon footprint.

All collected data is sent to an app on the user’s smartphone, which is what the user can use to operate the device.

Provide quick tips or full guidance to help boost the reduction of carbon footprint.

As well as, sets goals for the user or lets the user set goals?

The device can communicate with the user of any issues via LED lights, an audible alarm and the provided app.

Utilise easy to interpret graphics to visualise data and goals. Along with simple user interface navigation.

Photo by Markus Spiske from Pexels 41

Competitor Analysis: Public Displays of Information Examples found in Southampton, UK.

In the Spark building at Solent university, there are hands-free water refill stations located at the stairwell, on every floor.

These are a handful of public displays of information that can be found throughout the city of Southampton and Solent University. The information mediums of great interest that were found include general waste, carbon dioxide emissions, plastic bottles, and energy production, as these link back to the problem statement.

This is a common general waste bin that aims to guilt-trip people who litter by questioning these people and pointing out why they litter.

Additionally, it is better designed than other general waste bins, as it uses a lid to close the bin to prevent pests from entering it; which is accessed using a handle or a foot-operated lever.

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The product monitors how much water is used when someone fills up a container

The display of the station located on the ground floor.

and calculates how many plastic bottles worth would have been used, if the user chose to buy a bottle of water, instead of refilling their current bottle.

This calculation is displayed on a small LED display at, top right of the station.

Located in Southampton are geothermal energy stations, which are renewable sources of energy, and they generate power for the surrounding buildings.

This station monitors the carbon dioxide emissions that it saves and displays them on a screen for the public to see. It is a very simple display of information that may be difficult for an individual to interpret without having pre-existing knowledge of what the information means and how it affects them.

The display of the station located on the first floor.

This is a digital meter, found in the Solent University sports complex, that monitors the carbon dioxide levels within the buildings and displays the concentration on a screen. I would imagine this is linked to an air circulation system.

A common issue discovered among the majority of the digital display mediums is that the information displayed is either These

are

examples

of

Covid-19

enforcement mediums, used at Solent University. Clear contrast colours allow the user to easily notice and read the information provided.

quite small or the medium can not be easily accessed/found. Especially with the geothermal plant’s display being located away from public mainstream areas. The displays for elevator and refill station would be considered as ‘easter eggs’, not being the main focus of the product and relying upon keen eyes to notice it.

There are elevators in the Reginald Mitchell

In contrast, the general waste bin and the

building at Solent University, that generate

Covid 19 information mediums are easily

energy while in use and this energy is

recognisable and interpretable, due to

displayed on a small LED display above the

their location and aesthetic, allowing them

user interface panel inside the elevator.

to stand out and be found by the public.

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RESEARCH SUMMARY Climate change is a major issue that has been developing over the past few decades. This is due to our consumeristic lifestyles and the rapid industrialisation of the World. We need to take action and fight this great filter approaching us in the coming decades. Or else we will ruin our environment and our livelihoods.

It will be imperative to focus on tracking the carbon footprint created by individuals and display it to them in a way to encourage society to become more sustainable. Tracking and monitoring an individual’s energy usage, purchase habits and travel emissions will be a brilliant catalyst for opening society’s eyes to their habits and how it impacts the environment.

As seen from the research, the results of

questionnaires and case studies show that high-income countries’ awareness of climate change’s impact is lower than expected, despite being most responsible for high carbon emissions (see pages 18 - 19).

Fortunately, there is a large number of people who are willing to become more sustainable (see pages 34 - 35), with many already living a green lifestyle. However, it will be important to introduce a product that guides people to achieve this, which utilises psychological methods, such as Design for Behavioural Change (see pages 24 to 28).

According to the research on competitors, there are little to no products that currently track an individual’s carbon footprint. The closest products are smart energy monitors for household energy consumption and a monitor of a city’s estimated carbon emission output. This leaves a massive gap in the market for the product this project will produce.

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Photo by Markus Spiske from Pexels

45

Marketing

46

Photo by Startup Stock Photos from Pexels

47

The Marketing Mix

PLACE

PRICE

Distribution of the product within national urban settlements.

From the competitor analysis and primary research, the price will range from £29.99 to £99.99. The lower end of the range would for the appliance socket devices, the median end would for the personal device and while the higher end would be dedicated for the Hub device.

For Offline distribution, the product will be distributed to Tech-based retailers, such as Currys PC World, and mainstream general retailers (Argos).

PROMOTION

For Online distribution, the product will be distributed to Amazon, the 1st party website, and the websites of the offline sellers (Argos and Currys PC World). As the majority of the target market uses social media, links to these sites will be advertised on popular social media platforms.

This will allow for any potential customers instant access to the sellers.

As stated previously, social media will be a major component of the advertisement of the product. Platforms including Facebook, Instagram, Youtube and Twitter will be the main locations for banners, video ads, blog posts, etc; as this is where the majority of the target market will be located, due to the rising popularity of social media.

Being supported by popular climate change and government-based organisations, such as Green Peace, Southampton City Council, will help boost the importance of this product. Additionally, its intentions to help save the environment will be to expose the brand in a positive light. Customers will be more inclined to purchase a product that is ‘pro-Earth’.

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The price of the product will vary depending on the materials used; perhaps a version that is entirely made out of sustainable materials with an added cost could be available to customers. This premium product will be for customers, who wish to spend more money on an icon of their devotion to saving the environment.

PRODUCT The product must help encourage the consumer to reduce their carbon footprint. It should provide awareness of how much energy they use throughout the day and link it back to how it affects the environment.

PEOPLE

The poorer their carbon footprint, the poorer the ‘health’ conveyed by the product.

PROCESS

The product will be advertised to a wide audience.

This will range from first-time movers to retired.

However, the focused target market is a young C2 Class family, living in an urban environment.

This will aid in creating an emotional connection between user and product.

The collaboration of products and services will be used to ensure the desired results.

Climate change has been rising among trends during the past decade, becoming a popular talking point in politics and industry, for instance.

Sustainability is now a marketable unique selling point for products and with a fast-growing audience, mainstream retailers and companies are beginning to enter this new competitive market.

A Hub device, a wearable device, appliance add-on devices, and a smartphone app will allow for a ‘track and trace’-like system. The devices will track the energy/water usage and carbon footprint of purchases and provide assistance and methods to help the user reduce their rating towards carbon neutrality.

The system will learn the user’s daily routine and adjust to create realistic goals for the user to achieve.

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Target Market For a product designed towards a mature customer group, but a young consumer group (children). These profiles will purchase the product for

PRIMARY Primary Group

their children or grandchildren to use, with assistance and supervision from the parents.

Primary Profile Age group: 36 - 49 Life-cycle stage: Full Nest 2 Family life cycle: Married with Children Social Class: C1 / C2 Acorn: Urban prosperity Consumer focus: Green shopper Goal: To reduce the carbon footprint of their daily routine.

Her Story Sarah is a 36 year old mother, who has been married to her partner for 6 years and has a 5 year old daughter. They live in a 3 bedroom flat, a few minute bus ride from the nearest city centre. Sarah cycles with her daughter to school before cycling to her full-time job, working as a supervisor at a recycling plant.

She and her partner are decade long members of Greenpeace and they wish to reduce their household and daily routine carbon footprint further.

However, they struggle to keep track of how much energy they use and they wish to track the carbon footprint of their weekly grocery shops.

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SECONDARY Secondary Group Secondary Profile Age group: 50+ Life-cycle stage: Empty Nest 1 Family life cycle: Empty Nest Social Class: B / A Acorn: Achievers / Comfortably Off Consumer focus: Techno shopper Goal: To reduce usage of energy and water, and save money on their maintenance bill.

His Story Bill is a 60 year old grandfather, who has been married for 35 years to his partner and has a daughter and a son, and 3 grandchildren.

Bill and his partner live in a restored 4 bedroom cottage, 30 minutes away from the nearest city, out in the countryside.

He has an energy meter installed in his house and wishes to reduce his energy bill further. He struggles to keep his energy usage low, as he forgets to turn off devices, so he would like a device that will track his household’s usage of appliance and electronic devices, and remind him of how to reach a set goal.

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S.W.O.T Analysis The S.W.O.T Analysis helps highlights key aspects that the business already has, regarding its strengths and weaknesses, and potential opportunities and threats it may face during its lifetime. It is important to conduct this business plan, as with these discovered at the birth of a new business.

You can create a roadmap that prepares the company for any issues it may face: how to utilise its strengths, reduce the effects of its weaknesses, and be prepared to tap into any opportunities it may come across.

As stated previously in the Marketing Mix, the majority of the target market can be accessed through online platforms; therefore, it will be important to start up online and begin advertising there immediately. Advertising online would be greater cost-effective than advertising offline; as I will be able to reach my target market more efficiently and it would require less planning and set-up costs.

With one of the product’s unique selling points being Climate Change focused, it must conform to any sustainability legislation and the shift to a greener industry to avoid hypocrisy.

Furthermore, the business must keep track of new technologies and fully utilise them to further develop the product.

Additionally, it will be important to update its features as it will allow it to remain on top of the market and ensure its unique selling point of reducing carbon footprint is efficient and reliable.

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The Ansoff Matrix is used by businesses as a strategic marketing method which allows them to plan out four different growth strategies and create a general path that the business can follow.

Ansoff Matrix

The Ansoff Matrix is used by businesses as a strategic marketing method which allows them to plan out four different growth strategies and create a general path that the business can follow.

These are the four parts that make up a complete Matrix: These are the four parts that make up a complete Matrix:

• Penetration • Product Development • Market Development • Diversification Penetration explores the growth of a business through Penetration explores growth of for a business using existing products withinthe the existing market, example: Tapping a greater customer base utilising new through using existing products within the distribution types. existing market, for example: Tapping a greater Product Development explores the development of newer, morebase innovative products to tap into the existing customer utilising new distribution types. target market as a way to encourage market growth.

Market Development explores the expansion of existing

Product explores the products beingDevelopment sold in new market types, including international markets and new customer groups. This development newer, more innovative can be achieved withof minimal development, particularly to consider other cultures’ requirements, likes and products to tap into the existing target dislikes. market as a way to encourage market growth.

Diversification explores a high risk, high reward plan to increase market share by developing new, different products and introduce them into new markets. Requiring in-depth research, market and product development; this would be at a greater chance for success if conducted in the late stages of a business, perhaps when it peaks in sales. The direction needs to be clear and well-planned.

Market Development explores the expansion of existing products being sold in new market types, including international markets and new customer groups. This can be achieved with minimal development, particularly to consider other cultures’ requirements, likes and dislikes.

Diversification explores a high risk, high reward plan to increase market share by developing new, different products and introduce them into new markets. Requiring in-depth research, market and product development; this would be at a greater chance for success if conducted in the late stages of a business, perhaps when it peaks in sales. The direction needs to be clear and well-planned.

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P.E.S.T.L.E Analysis PESTLE is an analysis tool that breaks down a business plan PESTLE is an analysis tool that breaks down a business into specific sections:

plan into specific sections:

• Political • Economical • Social • Technological • Legal • Environmental.

These can be utilised to discover how external factors may These be utilised to discover affect can the business, and allow for plans how to helpexternal reduce thefactors may affect the business, and allow effects or takethe on the opportunity.

Additionally, the method Additionally, method helps businesses follow and keep track of factors, such as: ne helps businesses follow their and keep track of factors, such as new These are a small example of types of that may influence position in the market. laws, legislation, social events, and economical changes that research and discover factors that will have a definite impact on the business and the m may influence their position in the market. These are a small example of external factors; however, it is important to conduct in-depth research and discover factors that will have a definite impact on the business and the market they are selling in.

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55

Marketing Segmentation

Culture

FACTORS TO INFLUENCE CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR The Ven Diagram, on the right, explores 4 different factors that influence consumer behaviour. With this, a marketing strategy can be created that focus on these 4 areas.

Market Segmentation allows a new company to plan who is their target market, how to influence the selected groups to purchase the product and how to effectively advertise to the target market.

This will allow for greater customer satisfaction, greater sales, greater retention, greater revenue growth and a greater consumer base; and will provide innovation for future development.

A CLASSIFICATION OF RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOURHOODS Achievers Urban Prosperity Comfortably Off Moderate Means Hard Pressed

The primary focus will be advertised to the top 3 groups: Achievers, Urban Prosperity, and Comfortably Off. With a targeted age group ranging from 20 to 60+, there will be no groups from the top 3 ACORN groups removed. This will create potential 55.2 million UK customers, which is a large majority of the total UK population (66.65 million (2019)).

Climate change has become a constantly trending issue within the past decade, as society has become more aware of the problem and its effects on our environment. Politicians and individuals have been trying to find methods to help reduce their impact. However, there is still a large section of Western populations that are not aware of the effects of climate change and how their impact affects the environment. The product’s ability to track an individual’s household carbon footprint and to educate them will appeal to those who actively want to reduce their carbon footprint and those who want to save money on energy bills.

SOCIAL

Social

Personal influences

CULTURE

Continuing from the cultural influences, the product will become a device similar to the popular Tamagochi handheld devices from the 1990s. Just like how millions of people caught onto it and became attached to caring for it. The product will aim to create the same emotional connection with the benefit of educating the user’s to become more aware of their carbon footprint, how it impacts the climate, and how they can reduce their impact.

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Psychological influences

PERSONAL INFLUENCES

D.TOMAZ - 2019

It is natural for Humans to become attached to objects that are appealling and / or have an emotional connection with. With the user knowing that their activity can worsen the ‘health’ of the device, they will be more encouraged to reduce their carbon footprint, by reducing energy usage.

PSYCHOLOGICAL INFLUENCES The iconic form taps into emotional design methods. By utilising cute animalistic aesthetics, colour recognition, sounds, and a tilting mechanism, it will establish an emotional connection between the product and the user to make them care about their carbon footprint.

The utilisation of behaviour design’s Nudge Theory will help encourage user’s to improve their carbon footprint by rewarding them.

STAKEHOLDERS

MARKETING

The product will be marketed towards

The initial marketing action will be advertised directly

Additionally, advertisement methods will focus on the key

government and charity organisations

towards the selected target market groups at the start

aspects, unique selling points and the message of the

that have a focus on mitigating the

of the campaign. This will be a 365-day plan, however,

product. The product is complex, so the desired results

impact of climate change by investing

the advertisement will be boosted around events

(the big picture) will be advertised. Reducing carbon

in sustainable projects and innovation.

and holidays, such as Earth Day. Furthermore, the

emissions, shift to a greener, more sustainable mindset

The goal is to encourage to invest in the

business will be following trends and boost promotion

and a cleaner future.

business and build a strong foundation

when Climate Change spikes among media topics to

to develop the product required to

capitalise on the interest. Promotion techniques, such

If successful, marketing will be expanded to more physical

successfully tap into the target market.

as discounts, will be utilised to help boost sales during

forms of advertisement. Billboards, pamphlets, articles in

these periods. However, initial price cuts will be used

technology magazines are an example of mediums that will

The

when the product is first introduced on the market, for

be used to advertise the product. Billboards and posters

Southampton Council - Green City

example: instead of originally selling for £60, it would

will be prioritised in urbanised areas, particularly city

Plan, Greenpeace, The Department

be sold for £39.99. This will encourage people to buy

centres and main roads. Perhaps physical advertisement

of Energy & Climate Change and The

the product and review it with the caveat of reducing

could be boosted in known areas of high carbon emissions

Climate Coalition.

profits, but, as a result, any issues discovered can be

produced by households.

These

organisations

include

reported and utilised for further development of an There could be a potential opportunity to

updated, efficient and effective version of the product.

collaborate with related organisations

To access the market of high earners, the business must create a partnership with companies that attract this kind

as a method to promote the product.

As stated in previous pages, the introductory

of target market. John Lewis will be a particular focus for

Working

established

advertisement plan will be focusing on online media

this market plan, as it is a mainstream high-end shop that

companies will boost the business’s

and streaming platforms, such as Facebook and

sells electronics. This will be important as it will allow

customer reach and provide increased

Youtube. With an ever-growing population using these

the business to tap into the demographic group that is on

funding for research and development.

platforms, which include the target market, this will

the top end of the ACORN classification and are of higher

be the best place to start marketing the product.

social types.

Advertisement and brand image will be the focus

Branding must ensure a high-quality, professional stance

to maximise interest and increase shares. Every

that will hold the business and the product. The branding

advertisement avenues will be touched upon, focused

must be ‘trendy’ to maximise customer bases and retain

primarily on the target market, before shifting towards

life-long interest.

with

these

Important Note* See page 40 and 122 for Competitor analysis.

other potential customer bases.

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Legal Requirements LEGISLATION “‘Primary legislation’ is the term used to describe the main laws passed by the legislative bodies of the UK e.g. Acts of the UK Parliament, Scottish Parliament, Welsh Parliament and Northern Ireland Assembly.” (legislation.gov. uk) This product will be required to form any set of legislation that relate to the design, features and functions. These legislations will fall under the ‘UK Public General Acts’ which applies to the entire public of the United Kingdom. The Acts’s prioritise the safety and security of those who live in the UK.

REGULATIONS “...the ongoing processes of monitoring and enforcing the law: so not just HOW the legislation is being enforced, but also the very act of enforcement.” (safetylineloneworker.com, 2021).

Regulations go into detail on what needs to be included in a design, or a system, to ensure that it will conform with the law and that it is safe and secure for the public to use.

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SMART METERS ACT 2018 Companies are required to obtain a smart meter communication licence to legally distribute smart meters and the provided service. The act ensures that the companies provide an uninterrupted service, customers are protected and, customer and industry benefits are secured. As the device is acting as a ‘smart meter’ type product, this licence must be obtained to legally distribute it.

DATA PROTECTION ACT 2018 The act ensures that companies must protect the processing of customer data and ensure that it is processed “lawfully and fairly, based on the data subject’s consent or another specified basis...”. As the device will be collecting data that is regarded as sensitive, such as location data and contact details; this act must be included.

CE MARKING The CE marking represents the product’s ability to be legally sold within the UK and EU, after meeting product safety standards. It ensures the buyer that the product that is purchasing is ready to use and that their safety is prioritised during the designing of the product.

RESTRICTION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (RoHS) This legislation aims to protect the health of humans and animals by regulating the level of hazardous substances within all Electrical and Electronic equipment (EEE), in the UK. These substances include Cadmium, Lead and Mercury. This is one of the legislations required to conform to obtain the CE marking.

WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) Regulation with the priority of reducing the incineration or landfill disposal of EEE. This is ensured by the introduction and encouragement of recycling, reusing of products, components and materials. Notably, the handling of waste batteries is a major component of this regulation. Once this is passed, the product must have the WEEE symbol (as seen on the right), to allow recognition of its recyclability.

Intellectual Property Intellectual Property (IP) is a law system that provides theft protection for media property, that has been created by individuals to large corporations. This protection covers names of products or brands, inventions, the design or aesthetic styles of a product, and any form of media that has been created, written or produced.

aces

App decal

App Logo

Awareness of Carbon Emissions and Sustainability

Brand Logo

There are four types of IP protection, these are copyrights, patents, trademarks and un/registered designs.

UN/REGISTERED DESIGN When a design is created, it is automatically protected by design law. This stops theft of the design’s appearance, form, assembly/ configuration, and decoration, as long as, it is new, does not use pre-existing emblems or flags, and it cannot be an invention. Unregistered lasts for 15 years before a fee is required to register it every 5 years.

The product in this project is automatically protected by unregistered design law, as it is my design. The design and visual aesthetic fall within the relevant categories giving IP rights to me, as the Product Designer. This IP right is limited to the visual look of the Product, although, this design has been recorded in a dated design documented, therefore, unregistered design rights are viable for my design. These IP rights will protect the design and the visual aesthetic of my product, and they will last for 15 years as of the first dated design.

CeCo Hub Unit

CeCo Plug Unit

Items protected by IP laws COPYRIGHT The protection is automatically applied to a property that you have created and it will stop others from using it. Just like the unregistered design law, the product will automatically be covered by copyright law; however, there are no required fees and the copyright will last up to around 50 years. Once the product is under copyright, the copyright symbol (©) can be applied to the design’s aesthetic, as a way to prove it covered; but it is not required to have the symbol.

The elements that the copyright will cover is the product’s form, aesthetic, and branding.

TRADEMARKS A registered trademark will protect the product’s brand and enable legal action against anyone who uses the brand as their own without any permission. With a trademark, the brand can be sold and licensed to other companies. The registered (®) symbol can be used next to the name of the brand.

Since the product cannot be patented, I will need to apply for a trademark to further protect my design. The product’s brand, name and logo is applicable for a trademark.

PATENT If the property can be made, is unique, and inventive, a patent can be applied for at a great cost. Similar to copyright, however, it priortises the protection of the engineering/mechanical make up of a design against anyone who makes, sells or imports without permission.

This product could not be patented as it utilises pre-existing mechanisms and components, such as the motor used to operate the tilt mechanism.

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Product Life-cycle Analysis It is important to understand and effectively use the Product Life-Cycle analysis business plan, as it could aid in the development of the brand and be utilised to prevent the product from entering the decline stage. Planning how you will introduce the product, retain growth, stabilise maturity and mitigate the effects of the product’s decline, will ensure the long-term success of the brand and prepare the brand for any issues or opportunities it may face throughout its life.

Product Life-cycle explores the four stages of the product’s life throughout the market:

Introduction

The product first appearance in the market.

Since the product and the brand will be completely fresh, product awareness is priority number one; therefore, great investment into advertisement and promotion will be made.

Online platforms, particularly mainstream social media and video streaming sites, will be the focus; due to the vast footfall and where the majority of the target market can be found. Initially, the cost of the product will be reduced to entice purchases. This will help attract the target market and provide a strong foundation for the brand to rise from.

As the product’s theme is tackling climate change, it will be able to tap into the trending interest and grab the attention of politicians, influencers and related organisations. This shall boost the recognition of the brand further.

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Growth

The increasing sales of the product.

As the brand experiences its greatest rate of sales and interest, plans need to be put in place to retain this growth for as long as possible and ensure control of the market.

Further promotion and advertisement will be pushed, as the brand will be pushed into new, mainstream market areas that will increase its consumer radius; such as entering the international market.

This rapid growth and predicted market control will pave way towards a greater increase profits, as sales boom and setup / tooling costs are paid off.

Appendices 22

Maturity

Stagnation of sales after reaching their peak.

The brand has become a common house name, as the sales have peaked and stagnated.

Marketing schemes that reward customer loyalty and attract potential customers, that did not originally fall under the target market group or find the pricing appealing, will be put in place to ensure financial stability and control of the market.

Retaining a major player status in this market will make it difficult for emerging competitors to rival the brand. Additionally, this allows for the potential to purchase emerging competitors and branch out into other related market areas.

Decline

Declining product sales and interest.

Sale and brand interest decline is inevitable, however, the effects can be reduced or a potential opportunity to resurrect the brand could be obtained.

The introduction of a new line of products that showcase different methods of displaying the carbon footprint rating, along with tapping into creatures that are both beloved by potential customers and have a major link to climate change. Additionally, a new line of products that record niche carbon footprint areas or other footprints can tap into new target markets/consumer base. As this brand will be tackling climate change, any related potential market areas will be easy to access.

If not, rebranding can allow the brand to become refreshed and appeal to a new, trending target market.

Break-even Analysis FIXED COSTS : Conducting a Break-even Analysis for the sale of the product is important to understand if the product will be financially feasible. This will produce a prediction for the required sales needed to start earning a profit, to “break-even”, and how much revenue can made after selling a certain quantity of units.

This graph presents the Break-even Analysis for the product. As seen in the calculation on the right, with a fixed cost of £16,000.00 (£15,996.96), a sale price of £60, and a unit price of £10.46; the required quantity of units needed to be sold to achieve the Break-even Point of 323.

The total revenue will reach around £276,000 after 4,500 units have sold with an estimated profit of £230,000. This is feasible to achieve in the first year, due to the large market group this product will be able to tap into (see page ... for more information).

SALE PRICE UNIT PRICE :

16,000.00 60 - 10.46 = 323 UNITS

REQUIRED TO BE SOLD TO BREAK EVEN

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Route to Market The brand will take a route to market that will be

The initial distribution channel will utilise mainstream

promotion-focused. The aim is to increase awareness of

retailers. These will include Argos, Amazon, and Currys

the brand, the everyday carbon footprint of an individual,

PC World, particularly Technology-based retailers.

and how our presence has an effect on the environment.

These companies can help provide a widespread

With climate change continuing to trend in politics and

customer base and a reliable distribution network/

public interest, the industry and market will follow suit,

system that the brand can make use of. However, this

which it has been in the past decade. Therefore, there is

will increase the price of the product, therefore, this is

a great chance of the brand surviving its initial launch

a risk to potential profit to be made.

and for decades to come. As long as the brand utilises

But, if advertised on these sites, it will reach a large

emotional advertising to ensure the recognition, that it

number of potential customers. This is, also, possible

is linked to the paramount topic and emerging industry.

due to its unique standing, as there is currently little to no direct competitors that will threaten the brand.

The primary target market group can be easily reached

The option of direct distribution will be available, as

using online, therefore, the majority of advertisement

potential customers will be able to purchase the product

investment will be focused online. Mainstream social

straight from the website. When the brand reaches the

media sites, such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram,

Growth period, the option of other distribution channels,

and streaming platforms, primarily Youtube, will be the

such as the high street, will be available.

forefront of the advertisement campaign. The utilisation of a ‘word of mouth’ advertisement, particularly at events where the product can be showcased, will help provide more professional and physical recognition of the brand. This opportunity can be used to educate the public about their impact on the climate and how they can reduce their footprint. Additionally, the product could be supported by well-known climate changerelated charities and organisations, this can boost its awareness and help potential consumers recognise it as a recommended product.

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Marketing Conclusion The brand will need to be sustainable to avoid hypocrisy

Other than trading in current models for a discounted

The first generation of the product will build the

since it is supporting the reduction of carbon emissions

second-generation model, customers will also be

brand’s image and create a strong customer base

and the health of the World. It would be difficult to

rewarded with company discounts by scoring high

through a powerful, year-long ad campaign and

produce a product that will have a long life span

carbon ratings during the lifespan of their product.

creating good public relations. Throughout the lifetime

immediately without public testing; therefore, it will best

Initially, user’s with good ratings will be rewarded

of the first version, feedback will be achieved from the

to ensure the product will be made out of sustainable/

with discounts on newer/other products provided

users and be used to develop the second generation.

recyclable materials. It will be important to encourage

by the business and small monetary gifts. However,

The second generation will be more efficient, have

customers to recycle the product: reward user’s with

once the product is successful and sales are

updated features, new rewards, and more aesthetic

discounts or credit when they return their broken or

booming, collaboration with other businesses, such

options, including customisation. The new generations

unwanted product to the company. Furthermore, there

as supermarkets, insurance companies, and carbon

priority is to expand the local market into the

will need to be a newer version ready for when existing

offset charities, could provide a greater range of

international market, selling to the United States,

customers want to replace their product; as well as

rewards for those who score good carbon ratings.

Europe, Asia, etc; with the final goal of globalisation.

or decline. This will both satisfy existing customers

A great publicity scheme could be conducted to help

The end goal achieved by domination over the related

and maintain it’s position in the market by introducing

boost the popularity of the brand. This can be by

market will give the brand the ability to sponsor climate

new customers, interested in the updated version of

supporting/helping local communities through the

change charities, up-incoming related products and

the product.

collection of plastic waste. The collected that be used

events. This will improve the brand’s image, extend its

to make a community edition of the model. This will

interest, reducing sale stagnation, and allow for further

Any collected plastic and used components could

help clean the streets, reduce stress on local recycling

product/market diversification.

be broken down or reused to create a special

plants, potentially boost the morale of local businesses

edition of the product that promotes the company’s

and the community. A win, win situation.

when the product’s sales and interest begin to stagnate

circular system. A second chance edition would double reward user’s with good carbon ratings.

This will encourage customer’s to purchase the more sustainable version when it is available.

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64

The Concept

65

Design Specification What is CeCo?

Functions

A household energy consumption tracker

CeCo tracks and monitors the energy consumption of household

and living carbon footprint companion. The

appliances throughout the day using an array of energy data

product comes as a set: a Hub device and

collection plugs.

Materials Polypropylene (Barium Sulphate) Dimensions: (Height x width) Hub Device - 160mm x 140mm dia

an Appliance plug.

Appliance Plug - 69mm x 80mm dia

All collected data from appliances is transmitted wirelessly Target Market

to the Hub device than to the mobile app. The data is processed

For new movers, new families, and

and updates the user’s carbon footprint rating (CF Rating). This

matured/retired homeowners. The age

is conveyed via the app and the ‘health’ of the CeCo Hub device.

range is 20 to 60+ years old.

CeCo’s ‘health’ is conveyed through a series of mechanisms.

These are: ‘traffic-light’ colour light system, a 20 degree

These groups live in urban and suburban

Injection Moulding (Hot runner) Product Lifespan

tilt mechanism, and tone-based ‘tweet’ audio notifications.

The product must be reliable and sustainable.

environments. However, retirees and mature households may live in the

The accumulation of carbon footprint data transferred to the companion

The lifespan must last a minimum of 3 years

countryside.

app is simplified into a ‘CF Rating’ user interface, a carbon footprint

and once achieved, the customer’s loyalty

report, and an individual appliance rundown. As stated before, the

will be provided with a free upgrade.

Features

data is converted into a simple unit system, known as ‘CF Rating.

Aesthetic

Wireless connection to other devices and mobile devices.

To score a good rating, the user’s rating must have achieved a

Minimalistic, Reflects ‘bird form’, Cute

Extended carbon footprint details are

lower carbon footprint in the past 24 hours. This is possible if the

atmosphere.

available on the provided companion app.

energy consumption of the household is lower than previously

Smooth feel, half glossy, half soft touch.

In-app reward system.

To encourage the user to earn a good rating, an in-app reward

Calm, pastel colour scheme.

Colour changing, sound notifications, and

system will provide monetary-based rewards, such as discounts,

tilt mechanism.

gift cards, etc.

Cost

Additionally, emotional design will be utilised via colours and

Initially £59.99 for the Hub device.

physical appearance to create an emotional connection between

£19.99 for the Appliance Plug.

the product and the user.

Green and Up straight = Happy, Red and Tilted downwards = Upset.

Energy consumption targets will be also set and the user will be reminded, using the mobile app.

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Method of Manufacture:

System Design

Wired Connection Transfer of Energy Data and Power

Household Appliances

WiFi Data Transfer

WiFi Data Transfer

Records Energy Consumption Data

Processes Energy Consumption Data into CF Rating. Conveyed using Lights and Tilt Mechanism.

Communicates with user and encourages them to reduce their energy consumption habits.

Appliance Usage Plug

Hub Device

Companion App

67

Concept Summary User interaction and attraction is the leading message of this design. It is imperative that the customers know that this is an essential centrepiece to anyone’s home. This has been covered throughout the concept and developmental process, and has been broken down into these areas: the mechanism, lighting, and emotional aesthetic.

Minimalism, functional and emotional connection. These three areas were achieved by the end of the design process.

Like with home assistant devices, such as Amazon Echo and Google Home, minimal physical user interaction with the product would be optimal. All interactions will be done visually, audibly, and through the mobile app. If all device interactions are conducted digitally, the lifespan of the product will be lengthened due to the lack of mechanical components.

The mechanism has been flawlessly implemented into the design, as it is well hidden. This helps create the desired smooth and uninterupted, minimalist aesthetic, seeked so that it suits current technology trends.

The lighting is a simple yet effective touch to the whole image created by the product. With the user being able to easily recognise the ‘health’ of the product and the state of their CF Rating through the use of coloured lights, separates it from regular lighting decor. The light running throughout the design, flowing along the face detail centrepiece will allow the user to see the product’s health from any angle.

The smooth, ‘pebble’ design with the simple yet prominent bird face detail, that curves throughout the form, is a unique aspect that separates it from the rest of its competitors.

Due to its cute character, it is applicable for customisation, such as different colour schemes. This is important as the goal is to create an emotional connection between the user and the product. If they can choose to have the product in a colour that they like, it will be more attractive to them and they will be more willing to care for their new carbon companion.

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69

Proof of Concept

70

Tilt Mechanism Model

During the engineering stage of the design process,

The mechanism revolves around a ‘see-saw’ like

I needed to develop a suitable mechanism that will

system, where the Head component is pivoted around

allow the product to tilt. This is important to convey the

the central point located in the Base component.

‘health’ of the product and the user’s CF Rating. Once I found a suitable mechanism design, it’s functionality

The mechanism is required to tilt the Head component

needed to be tested. This mockup was made using a

by a maximum of 20 degrees. Initially, this was designed

laser cutter and was detailed to show the mechanism

for an actuator, but it is, also, suitable for it to be driven

and what are the expected results.

by a motor.

The Laser cut file created using AutoCAD. 71

Proof of Concept Questionnaire This to the

questionnaire test

if

two

the

was product

required

created meets aspects:

It must be able to easily convey its ‘health’ and the user’s CF Rating using colour and the tilt mechanism.

It must have a cute appearance that is appealing to the target market groups, necessary for emotional connection.

Regarding the product’s ‘health’ and the user’s CF Rating, exclusivity is vital for making a good design. The product will need to convey these areas without the need for colour.

This is important for users who are visually impaired and/or colourblind.

As seen from the results, in the appendices (pages 158 - 161), the product can convey these aspects with great success.

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Bad CF Rating

Poor CF Rating

Reducing CF Rating

Good CF Rating

Great CF Rating

1 Week Streak of Great CF Rating

73

1:1 Scale Model

Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, I have had limited access to a workshop, therefore, I will not be able to create a professional 1:1 model of CeCo. To explore how the product would look in real life, I got the final CAD model 3D printed. Then I added a layer of clay which I etched the iconic face detail into.

A rough sense of scale was established from the Tilt Mechanism Mockup; however, this model has provided an idea of how the product would look in a 3D environment.

The results of this model is a great success.

3D model and Tilt Mechanism m

74

model side by side.

75

How it works?

Appliances are plugged into the

The Appliance Plug monitors the

The data is processed and stored.

All data obtained by the Hub

Energy tracker Plug, to power

energy usage of an appliance

Any differences to the energy

device is wirelessly transferred,

the devices and begin the energy

with its built-in electricity sensor.

usage data than the previously

using WiFi, to the user’s phone

monitoring process.

The collected data is wirelessly

collected, will communicate with

and alters the state of the CeCo

transferred, using WiFi, to the Hub

the lighting and the mechanism.

Companion app.

Device.

This will alter the user’s CF Rating, and CeCo’s ‘health’, depending if the usage is greater or lesser than previous.

76

The product tilts using a motor, which pivots the structure of the Head component.

The product lights up using a LED-powered Fibre Optic that runs through the Face Detail.

The product will be powered by mains electricity, as it will be plugged in. This is, also, how the user will be able to turn off the device.

77

Design Development

78

79

CAD Development of The Hub Device The evolution of the different forms created throughout the CAD design process.

Developing the Hub Device’s shape to towards a smooth, minimalistic, yet bubbly aesthetic. Implementing a cute character into the face of the product was a key component to ensuring that there could be an emotion connection created between user and the product.

The Final Design Evidence of all required areas have been utilised: Minimalism, functional and emotional connection.

Includes engineering details, such as split lines, development of a more structural correct face detail and the structural support required for injection moulding.

80

See pages 166 - 187 for extended Hub Device Development.

CAD Development of The Appliance Plug Initial design based around the UK specifications of a plug.

Exploration of face details and tranformation into a complete circular form.

The implimention of a circular form for the main body.

Addition of a developed face detail as seen in the final Hub device design. This also includes the lighting aspect to convey CF Rating.

The Final Design Includes engineering details, such as split lines, development of a more structural correct face detail and the structural support required for injection moulding.

81

Final Design Detailing

The sequence of the Hub Device’s changing ‘health’.

From Blue to Red, the device will be utilising traffic-light system to convey the current state of the user’s CF Rating. This will be further visualised using the stepped tilt mechanism, as the mechanism tilts the Head of the Hub Device, it will seem more upset about the user’s carbon footprint.

82

Structural ribs to ensure the component retains stability during the injection moulding process.

The internals of the Hub Device via static and tilted 20 degrees.

All flat surfaces have a 1 degree draft angle and edges have been rounded.

Few structural ribs, due to its curved shape retaining the strength of the components.

Push-fit assembly will be the common method to assemble the components. This is showing off the push-fit for the plug casing.

83

App Design - CeCo Companion

84

Shifting ‘Home’ page.

5 different stages depending on the user’s CF Rating.

Shift from Beautiful Sunny Day, to Dark Stormy Night.

Blue

Red

85

App Design - Sequence of Use

86

App icon: The Hub Device processes collected data from the Appliance Plugs, and sends the data to the companion app through WiFi connection.

A notification will light up on the user’s phone, notifying them of any updates on their CF Rating. The user will get a notfication once a day, however, if there are any sudden changes to their CF Rating, or special

CeCo

events, the app may notify the user multiple times.

They can access the app by either swapping on the notification, or tapping

Pop-up Notification:

on the app icon, located on their home screen.

Once on the app, the user will be able to see their update CF Rating, located on the ‘Home’ page. The app will provide any advice and may celebrate or call out the user, depending on their rating. From the ‘Home’ page, the user will have access to 4 other locations on the app, these are: • Appliances, where the user adds their household appliances and track the energy usage of each device.

• Settings, where the user can alter the app’s display, sounds, notifications, accessibility, account information, privacy information, and learn more about the app and the product.

• Rewards, CeCo’s rewards system will provide currency-based gifts to users with great, long-lasting CF Ratings.

• Carbon Footprint Plus, where the user can obtain detailed information about their carbon footprint, such as, daily carbon emission output, daily energy consumption, and a carbon equivalent calculation.

87

Manufacturing

88

@ Pixabay

89

Hub Device Exploded

90

Appliance Plug Exploded

91

Material Selection PP (65-70% Barium Sulfate)

PVC-elastomer (Shore A35)

Hub Device

Appliance Plug

Hub Device

Appliance Plug

Head Top

Casing Top

Cable Sleeve

N/A

Head Front

Casing Bottom

Foot

Head Back

PCB Platform

Perch Top

Plug Socket

Polypropylene Barium Sulfate

Polyvinyl Chloride Elastomer

Perch Bottom Cradle Cradle Plate PCB Platform Pivot Arm Pivot Rod Light Rail

92

Polypropylene has been chosen as it is a sustainable

PVC is chosen for its sustainability and ‘rubber’-like ability.

material, which has a reliable strength factor that will allow

This will be required for providing grip onto the surface,

it to survive any impact it may take if an accident occurs.

reducing the Hub’s chances of falling over; and creating a

It is suitable for injection moulding. It is applicable for a

sleeve for the power cable to be safely housed in. This will

range of different colour schemes and surface textures. A

prevent any rubbing and damage to the product. A flexible

high-quality material that is worth the investment.

material that can be relied on for small, but important tasks.

Material Report 2 - PP (65-70% Barium Sulfate)

Material Report 4 - PVC

93

Material Selection - Polypropylene Barium Sulfate

Before going into material selection, a plastic material that is sustainable and low cost was the aim. This first graph compares CO2 footprint released during material production with price. This provided 3 initial candiates that will be monitored throughout material selection research: Polypropylene

Homopolymer

(40%

calcium carbonate), Polypropylene (6570% barium sulfate), and PHA (unfilled).

These all scored below 2 kilograms, with PHA scoring below 1 kilograms.

CO2 footprint, primary production (kg/kg)

All data collected using Granta Edupack 2020.

PLA (10% mineral, impact-modified)

3

PP (homopolymer, clarified/nucleated)

2

PP (homopolymer, 30% calcium carbonate)

olymer, 40% calcium carbonate)

1

Thermoplastic starch (plasticized)

PHA (unfilled)

PP (65 65-70% barium sulfate) 1

94

10

100

Price (GBP/kg)

1000

100

PP (homopolymer, 30% calcium carbonate)

Toughness (G) (kJ/m^2)

PE-LD (molding and extrusion)

second graph further explores the vs.

StageThis 5: CO2 footprint, primary production (kg/kg) Polymerofmolding CO2 (kg/kg) sustainability the materials.

It compares

the carbon footprint of material product against carbon footprint of manufacture.

As seen, the top 3 materials chosen in the previous comparison are featured again;

Thermoplastic starch (plasticized)

10

1

PVC (chlorinated, molding and extrusion) 0.1

PE-LLD (molding and extrusion)

PP (65-70% barium sulfate) PP (homopolymer, 40% calcium carbonate)

0.01

PE-HD (low/medium molecular weight)

PHA (unfilled)

0.001

however, PP barium sulfate and PHA both have the same manufacture carbon footprint.

The third graph explores the same group plastics (below 3kg CO2 footprint, primary production), but

CO2 footprint, primary production (kg/kg)

compares them by their toughness. Toughness is the material’s ability to withstand an impact and

3

Thermoplastic starch (plasticized)

plastically deform without structural failure. This is

PLGA (unfilled)

essential for the product while in-use, as it will need to withstand the impact of falling onto the ground,

PP (homopolymer, 40% calcium carbonate)

2

after being knocked off a high surface.

GRANTA EduPack 2020 (C) Granta Design Ltd

PP (65-70% barium sulfate)

As seen, circled in red, PP barium sulfate has a greater toughness than both PP homopolymer and

1

PHA.

PHA (unfilled)

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

Polymer molding CO2 (kg/kg)

100000

1e6

95

Material Selection - Polyvinyl Chloride-Elastomer All data collected using Granta Edupack 2020.

Stage 2: CO2 footprint, primary production (kg/kg) vs. Price (GBP/kg)

9

Since sustainability is the primary focus for these materials, a suitable elastomer plastic would be discovered using similar conducted

during

7

the

Polypropylene Barium Sulfate material research. Before exploring the different materials, it is required to remove the outliers, these are materials that cannot be recycled (as seen in grey). These are thermoset elastomers, which cannot be melted down and reused for manufacture.

In the first graph, the thermoplastic elastomers are compared by the carbon emissions released from the production

6

CO2 footprint, primary production (kg/kg)

comparisons

8

5

4

3

EVA (Shore A95/D50, 12% vinyl acetate)

PVC-elastomer (Shore A75, flame retarded)

of the material, and the material’s price.

PVC (flexible, Shore A85) 2

The top 3 that scored lowest are PVC-

PVC-elastomer (Shore A75)

elastomer, EVA, and PVC (flexible).

1

2

Price (GBP/kg)

GRANTA EduPack 2020 (C) Granta Design Ltd

96

5

10

20

Stage 4: CO2 footprint, recycling (kg/kg)

2.6

2.4

2.2

2

CO2 footprint, recycling (kg/kg)

1.8

1.6

1.4

TPO (PP+EP(D)M, 30-32% barium sulfate)

1.2

SBS (Shore A50)

1

PVC-elastomer (Shore A75, flame retarded)

PVC (flexible, Shore A65)

0.8

The

second

graph

compares

EVA (Shore A95/D50, 12% vinyl acetate)

the

PVC-elastomer (Shore A75)

elastomers by CO2 material production and CO2 released via manufacture. EVA

The third graph compares the elastomers

has a lesser polymer molding CO2 release

against their CO2 output from the results of

of 1.1kg, while PVC-elastomer’s is around

recycling. This is important as the product

GRANTA EduPack 2020 (C) Granta Design Ltd

Stage 3: CO2 footprint, primary production (kg/kg) vs. Polymer molding CO2 (kg/kg) 1.2kg.

must not leave much of an impact at the end of its lifecycle. As seen on the graph, PVC-elastomer

scores

an

incredibly

low CO2 footprint, the lowest out of the

20

CO2 footprint, primary production (kg/kg)

elastomers.

10

5

PVC-elastomer (Shore A75, flame retarded) PVC (flexible, Shore A85) EVA (Shore A95/D50, 12% vinyl acetate)

2

PVC-elastomer (Shore A75)

1 0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Polymer molding CO2 (kg/kg)

GRANTA EduPack 2020 (C) Granta Design Ltd

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

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Method of Manufacture Injection Moulding (Hot Runner) Hub Device

Appliance Plug

Head Top

Casing Top

Head Front

Casing Bottom

Head Back

PCB Platform

Perch Top

Plug Socket

Perch Bottom Cradle Cradle Plate PCB Platform Pivot Arm Pivot Rod Light Rail Cable Sleeve Foot The Hot runner version of Injection Moulding has been selected for its high dimension tolerance/accuracy, rapid rate of production, and great surface finish condition, which will require minimal post-production surface finishing. The Hot runner version was chosen, instead of Cold runner, as it creates less waste and produces higher quality components. In the name of sustainability, this is worth the greater production costs.

Injection moulding will allow for most of the components to be manufactured using one mould, like an “Airfix” set, which is appropriate and useful, due to the large quantity of components that will be injection moulded.

98

Tooling Costs Injection Moulding of Polypropylene Barium Sulfate

Injection Moulding of Polyvinyl Chloride-elastomer

Components

Mould Cost $ Unit Cost $

Components

Mould Cost $ Unit Cost $

PERCH BOTTOM

2130

0.19

CABLE SLEEVE

1383

0.11

PERCH TOP

2353

0.21

FOOT

1383

0.11

HEAD BACK

2100

0.17

HEAD FRONT

2322

0.19

HEAD TOP

3020

0.28

CRADLE

1526

0.15

CASING BOTTOM

1815

0.18

CASING BOTTOM

1819

0.18

PLATFORM

1845

0.17

PLUG SOCKET

1845

0.17

LIGHT RAIL

2688

0.15

PIVOT ARM

1794

0.16

PIVOT ROD

1374

0.11

PLATE

1476

0.14

Total Tooling Costs: (NO. OF UNITS MANUFACTURED: 10,000) TOTAL MOULD COSTS: $29,444 (£15,996.96, as of May 10th) TOTAL PRODUCT PRICE: $2.98 (£2.12, as of May 10th)

Data obtained from: http://www.sourcing-cn.com/moldcalc_input.asp 99

Bought-in Component Costs

COMPONENT

MOTOR

FIBRE OPTICS

PCB

PLUG ELECTRONICS

LABELS

COMPONENT COST

£1.61

£5.02

£0.285

£4.08

£0.076

QUANTITY

10,000

670 Metres

20,000

4,000

10,000

(456.48mm + 213.63mm = 670.11mm (67cm)) x 10,000 67,000 cm (670m) / 2 = 335 (x £5.02) =

TOTAL COST

£19,320.00

£1,684.70

£5,700.00

£19,584.00

£758.45

- V.A.T % / 25 %

£16,100.00

£1,261.27

£4,350.00

£16,320.00

£568.84

Total Cost of Bought-in Components: = £38,600.11 100

Grand Total of Manufacture Costs

Additional Costs The additional cost includes Labour rates, Postage and Packaging. The estimated assembly time is around 10 minutes and the Labour rates is £20 per hour, therefore, the calculation is: 60 minutes / 10 minutes = 6. - £20 per hour / 6 = £3.33.

As a result, it will cost £3.33 per unit to assemble the product and package it up, ready for distribution. Then, around £2.77 will used to pay for packaging.

TOTAL COST £38,600.11 (Bought-in Components) + £15,996.96 (Mould Costs) = £54,597.07 / 10,000 units made = £5.46 + £5 (ADDITIONAL COSTS) = £10.46 per Unit BREAK-EVEN POINT BEP = fixed costs (Tooling) / Sales Price – cost per unit £15,996.96 / (£60 - £10.46) = 323 UNITS MUST BE SOLD TO BREAK EVEN

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Visualisation and Presentation

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Hero Image Advert Board Product Features Components Exploded Product In-Context 1 Product In-Context 2 Sequence of Use 1 Sequence of Use 2

105

aces

Awareness of Carbon Emissions and Sustainability

Be Aware, Be Sustainable.

106

aces

Awareness of Carbon Emissions and Sustainability

Don’t let your energy bring this little guy down.

107

108

109

Key Features: • Wireless connection to the mobile and other devices via Bluetooth 3.0 and WiFi. • In-depth carbon footprint report • Simplified carbon footprint reading • Mobile Companion App • Reactive Tilt Mechanism and Colour Changing lights • 1st Party, Currency-based Reward System.

110

111

aces

Awareness of Carbon Emissions and Sustainability

Be Aware, Be Sustainable.

Household appliances are plugged into the Appliance plug, which begins the monitoring of the appliance’s energy consumption. The Appliance Plug collects this data and transmits the information to the Hub Device.

112

All energy consumption data is stored and processed within the Hub Device’s on-board computer system. The data is converted

The user’s phone will obtain a notfication regarding the CF Rating

into CF Rating. If there are any updates to the CF Rating, the

update, and they will be able to explore their rating further in

status of the Hub will alter accordingly and the Hub will transmit

the companion app. This is where the app will congratulate or

these updates to the companion app. The colour of the lights

callout the user depending on their CF Rating. Additionally, the

and the tilt of the Hub will change depending on the CF Rating.

app will change in ‘atmosphere’ depending on the CF Rating.

113

Upset Concerned Anxious Happy

Exhilarated

The shift of the different CeCo’s states regarding the user’s CF Rating.

The lighting changes colour from Blue, to Green, to Yellow, to Orange, and finally Red. Blue being the highest CF Rating state while Red being the worse CF Rating state. The Head will tilt downwards as the user’s CF Rating decreases to convey depression, as the user’s habits becomes less sustainable.

114

Like how the ‘health’ of the Hub device alters depending on the user’s CF Rating, so does the companion app. As the user’s CF Rating decreases, the background grows darker, gloomer, as CeCo becomes more upset by the user’s habit. But the background reflects a happy, sunny day when the user’s rating is brilliant!

115

Reflective Practice

116

Throughout my dissertation, I enjoyed the journey and challenges that I discovered

The manufacturing section was easy for me to complete, as I am well-versed with

and crossed over. Each section within this project tested the abilities I have

the manufacturing aspect of design, therefore I had a good idea of the direction

developed over the past 3 years during my degree; the greatest test was time.

I will be taking it. The challenge that manufacturing presented was the product’s

Organisation was key and with it, I wished I had more time to develop areas I

route of manufacture; in particular, setting up the product to be suitable for

wanted to. Since this project was completed during the COVID 19 pandemic, my

injection moulding. I have briefly touched upon the inclusion of injection moulding

university experience was drastically changed and the working environment, in my

aspects into previous assignments, however, it was important to ensure that I

rented 4 bedroom house, was testing my mental health, and my ability to study and

correctly implement into the design to ensure that is feasible to produce.

design.

The end results provided me with a greater insight into feasible manufacturing and how to design for injection moulding.

Despite the freedom this project was provided with, I was happy to spread my wings and tackle this great challenge. Initially, I did find the project difficult to

Finally, the presentation boards were the best bit. It allows me to take my time

manage. Without any official limitations set in place, a brief to follow, the open

and create a range of professional visualisations. It also gave me the time to

nature of the project overpowered my mind at times. Taken on too many objectives.

sit down and reflect on the project. I really enjoy visualising the final design in

Originally, CeCo was going to cover multiple areas than just household energy

a professional light. Despite only learning how to create digital graphics when

consumption, however, that became too much for me to handle. This has taught me

I started my degree, I have learned quickly. I have the skills to use the Adobe

to break things into manageable chunks to reduce stress and allow me to focus

Creative Suite to produce high-quality graphics on the design; that explore all

on completing the important aspects first. I will be taking on this experience of

important aspects, such as the hero image, product promotion, key features, etc.

project organisation into the professional world, as this will help me become an efficient employee and an attractive applicant.

Throughout my dissertation, I have been granted the opportunity to tackle every aspect of design. The project has allowed me to discover which areas I am

The research section was the toughest part of this dissertation, as it is the least

strongest in, and what I will be wishing to take on as a potential job role in the

appealing subject for me to undertake. As I am more of the practical type, rather

future. Overall, it has shaped me as a designer and created a pathway that I can

than the ‘skilled with the quill’ type, it took me the longest to complete. I did not

comfortably follow as I enter the real world. I have become a designer who enjoys

have a sense of direction to head towards while tackling research. I believe I

exploring both the technical and aesthetic of design in great detail, and these

researched everything important; however, I do not feel entirely satisfied, I feel

areas have become my desired areas for my career to aim towards. I could not be

like I could conduct more research, particularly primary. On the other hand, I have

prouder of myself and I am excited to continue my role as a designer.

learned a lot and my abilities to research have grown greater. If I was to take on this project again I believe I will able to produce better research.

I found marketing to quite enjoyable complete, it was a bit of a grind, however, I enjoyed going into detail about how the product will get into the market, exploring how external factors may affect the brand and the business, and calculating the profitability of the product. I wish I could have taken the time to go more in-depth and learn more about the marketing aspects.

117

Appendices

118

References 1 : www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/climate-change/ - serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/proxies/ paleoclimate.html

18 : www.miragenews.com/new-report-wa-s-iconic-cockatoo-threatened-by-climate-change/ - www.australiangeographic.com.au/society/fundraising/2015/02/save-our-native-cockatoos/ - ebird.org/species/slbblc1

2 : www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24021772 - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/climate-change

19 : news.mongabay.com/2020/05/how-a-changing-climate-threatens-sri-lankas-dragonflies-and-damselfliescommentary/ - www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/3321299/Dragonfly-should-be-climate-change-indicator.html

3 : www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/climate/climate-change-impacts 4 : www.goodenergy.co.uk/blog/2017/11/20/what-is-a-carbon-footprint/

20 : www.doi.gov/blog/9-animals-are-feeling-impacts-climate-change

11 : climate.nasa.gov/solutions/adaptation-mitigation/ - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_offset - www.activesustainability.com/climate-change/mitigation-adaptation-climate-change/ - energy.techno-science.ca/en/climate-101-climate-change-mitigation-and-adaptation.php

21 : www.thetimes.co.uk/article/british-gas-get-a-smart-meter-or-well-charge-you-an-extra-300-93kzplzlj www.amazon.co.uk/Efergy-Technologies-ELITE-CLASSIC-4-0/dp/B001Q1G4WK www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07NQT85FC/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=bustle-28087416-20&camp=1789&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B07NQT85FC&linkId=dbc064e2d0d29c87a09d977cade91fa6 store.google.com/gb/product/nest_learning_thermostat_3rd_gen?hl=en-GB www.amazon.co.uk/Efergy-Technologies-ELITE-CLASSIC-4-0/dp/B001Q1G4WK www.amazon.co.uk/geo-Minim-Energy-Monitor-Self-Installed/dp/B018WB6IXG/ref=sr_1_5?dchild=1&keywords=energy+monitor&qid=1606860846&sr=8-5 www.amazon.co.uk/Fitbit-Inspire-Auto-Exercise-Recognition-Tracking/dp/B07MSYTQNM/ref=sr_1_8_mod_ primary_new?dchild=1&keywords=monitoring%2Bdevices&qid=1606857934&rnid=1642204031&s=spor ts&sbo=RZvfv%2F%2FHxDF%2BO5021pAnSA%3D%3D&sr=1-8&th=1 www.geotogether.com/consumer/product/minim-energy-monitor/ gridduck.com/ www.victorianplumbing.co.uk/grohe-sense-guard-smart-water-controller-22513ln0?campaign=googlebase&gclid=CjwKCAiA8Jf-BRB-EiwAWDtEGpFpBy6KvecFs8VrmxS-Vk6JvnvJw8FTbTd_wfGkIXzHKpv82o2PQRoC2WcQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds www.amazon.co.uk/tado%C2%B0-additional-Smart-Radiator-Thermostat/dp/B01M690PQC/ref=psdc_1938192031_t3_B077Y5W7DW?th=1 www.amazon.co.uk/tado%C2%B0-additional-Smart-Radiator-Thermostat/dp/B08D6VJVFG/ref=psdc_1938192031_t3_B077Y5W7DW?th=1

12 : www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/explore/the-circular-economy-in-detail

22 : www.economicshelp.org/blog/140934/business/product-life-cycle/

5 : www.history.com/topics/pre-history/hunter-gatherers - www.history.com/topics/pre-history/neolithic-revolution - www.britannica.com/event/Bronze-Age - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press - www.historydiscussion.net/history/industrial-revolution/history-of-the-industrial-revolution/1784 - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Second_Industrial_Revolution - www.linkedin.com/pulse/digital-transformation-third-industrial-revolution-simon-chan/ - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Industrial_Revolution 6 : ourworldindata.org/co2-by-income-region - ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions 7 : ourworldindata.org/emissions-by-sector 8 : www.carbonbrief.org/global-survey-where-in-the-world-is-most-and-least-aware-of-climate-change 9 : www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652613006215 10 : www.researchgate.net/publication/273003329_The_Relationship_between_Climate_Change_Concern_ and_National_Wealth

13 : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioural_design 14 : suebehaviouraldesign.com/what-is-behavioural-design/ - sustainabilityguide.eu/methods/design-sustainable-behaviour/ 15 : www.businessballs.com/improving-workplace-performance/nudge-theory/ 16 : wrap.org.uk/resources/food-waste-reduction-roadmap/retail - www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0959652620345613 - www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-46459714 - circularecology.com/news/carbon-footprint-of-food - myemissions.green/our-data/ - myemissions.green/food-carbon-footprint-calculator/ 17 : onekindplanet.org/top-10/10-adorable-animals-threatened-by-climate-change/ - https://repeatingislands. com/2013/07/24/sea-turtle-egg-poaching-under-the-spotlight-in-costa-rica/

119

Urn-shaped form - quite boring and it reflecting an urn is dark, when it needs to be appealling and ignite a cheerful atmosphere.

Large number of light up cheek freckles.

Exploring a range of different tail forms - the initial tail (far right) is most appealing due to being most minimal.

Initial CAD model - exploring the minimal form, sketched previously.

Large jar-shape form Smaller number freckles - more appealling than the previous form’s freckles.

The tail is too long, needs to be shorter. I prefer the previous form’s tail much more.

Large rounded jar-shape form Cuter and very appealling - could allow for the ‘tilting mechanism’?

Tail needs to be shorter...

Larger number of cheek freckles but more sparsed and in the shape of a heart. - This is a very adorable and aesthetic idea, I will be pushing this in future designs.

166

Large plum-shape form w/ rounded bottom Quite appealling - reminds me of a brooding hen.

Rounded bottom will allow for the ‘tilting mechanism’.

I like the tail design, its raised position does not compromise the product’s suitability for the ‘tilting mechanism’. The tail could be made shorter.

Larger heart configuration of freckles - I quite like this design, but I am not sure about it.

Egg-shape form Interesting shape but it does not not look quite right. Perhaps if the facial features were lowered it would be better?

Rounded bottom will allow for the ‘tilting mechanism’.

Tail design is wrong, I definitely prefer the previous tail design. I do not like the extra chamfer at the bottom of the tail.

Very appealling freckled cheek pattern - resembles blushed cheeks.

A similar version of the plum-form, but it is poorer in aesthetic appeal. It does not have the same soft aesthetic and does not flow as well.

Interesting freckle pattern but its too vast, the minimalistic patterns of previous designs are much more appealling.

I do not like the tail design at all. It is not appealling and it does not work.

167

A smoother, ‘roosting bird’-like form. - Very plu looking.

Thinner, minimalistic eye slot

Appealling large freckle spread - looks like blush cheeks.

Exploring light freckles located on top of the product.

The pattern on the left is most appealling, however, do not find this lighting method appealling at all.

A more appealling method would be making the top transparent or utilise Elumin8’s ‘micro-drilling.

168

Inspired by the forms and colours of penguins, I have designed different breast shapes to create a two-tone colour scheme for the design. Then, I added colours that reflect those of numerous penguin species.

ump

hed

Heart-shaped breast

Plump Breast Shape

Wrapping Oval-shaped breast

Ellipse-shaped breast

Oval-shaped breast

Half-Circle-shaped breast

169

The Perch will act as a component which the main device would rest upon. It will store the carbon footprint data, the main electronics and will have a mechanism that will tilt the top component in response to the user’s rating.

This design is too small and may compremise the structural stability of the product, especially when the product is being tilted.

I have increased the radius of the bottom dish of the main component and will allow for a cleaner tilt, however, this has created a large gap when fully tilted. This could be hazard, as it may be big enough for someone’s finger to be trapped in. Additionally, I have a platform for the device to rest on.

170

Wider desi main compo

ign allows for a base with greater stability. However, the onent’s base is not suitable for the tilting mechanism as it would clip into the Perch.

Exploring simplified design that will allow the product to tilt 30 degrees maximum.

171

This is a much better design. It is spherical, which will allow for a clean movement while the product tilts and it will not create a gap.

Additionally, I have added the signature eye light from the Hub design.

172

Exploring the face d the p

detail. I prefer the design on the right as it reflects penguin aesthetic that the Hub has.

Adding the light-up freckles. However, I will not impliment this design as it would make the design too complicated.

173

I have updated the design so that it now tilts forwards. I think this would make it more functional, as it tilting forwards, makes it look sad and depressed. Like when someone is sad, they are more slumped.

174

I have improved the entire design further by making the form appear more smoother and flowing. I made the eye light follow the face detail, which is more appealling and may make it more suitable for injection moulding. The light can allow the part split into two parts.

However, at its current state, the bottom half is unsuitable for the manufacture method, unless its made out of a material that is flexible enough.

175

The evolution of th

176

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177

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E

4.4

E

3.5

E

A

C

D

SCALE 4 : 1

R96.2

R6 6

58.7

.0 R3 0

56.4 R36

R83.26

R30.0

3.5

0.8

1.0

4.8

SECTION F-F

SCALE 3 : 1

SCALE 3 : 1

0.6 2

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

192

4.7

70.2

72

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM

14 13.2

DETAIL E

F

75

ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE A 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

112.7 132.6

F

A

SECTION D-D

C

SCALE 1 : 2

70

20 63.4 66.3

B

42.8

58

26.8

46.4

D

14

72

75

C

14

D

DETAIL C

4.9

SCALE 2 : 1

D

2.8

3.1

SECTION B-B

66

2.8

10 2.4

63.4

13.6

NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

MATTE

L.COLLINS

31.4.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

B

HEAD FRONT

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

B

4

WEIGHT: 18.59

3

SCALE:1:1

2

006

A3 SHEET 6 OF 27

1

8

7

6

F

5

4

2

1

F

3 2.8 2.4 B

A

R0.25

E

E

D

SECTION A-A

DETAIL B

SCALE 1 : 2

21.25

SCALE 5 : 1

62

46.6 50.2 51 67.5 69.5

20.5

DETAIL C

3.2 1.5

A

SCALE 2 : 1

65.8

R70.0

7.

6

DETAIL D

SCALE 2 : 1

SECTION E-E

0.1 0.5

36.8

36

35.3

C

3.4

14

14

0

0.5

R3 0 .

R85 .8

R120.00

R3 0 .0

1.0 44.4

10

71 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM NAME

ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

SCALE 5 : 1

4.4

60

A

C

0.5 3.5

47.5

B

D

E

6.3

R2

R304.00

E

66.25

R2

D

C

3

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

MATTE

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

REVISION

B

YES

DATE

DRAWN

B

HEAD BACK

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

4

WEIGHT: 10.79

3

SCALE:1:2

2

007

A3 SHEET 7 OF 27

1

193

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

46.0 39.6 21.2

F

72

.8

°

7.8

20.2 13.0

1.4

5° 22 .

F

9.4

E

E

D

R43 .2

R20 .

67.5

A 5

R2.3

52

32.4

DETAIL D

SCALE 5 : 1

37.5

R2.5

E

21

9

45°

3.2 0.

.0 R55 0.0 R6

8.8

101

E

10.0

R4.5

C

41.7

D

31.1

19.0

3 R2.

8.1

20°

B 48.8

D

C 8.

4 5°

SECTION E-E

5.4

A

9.

0

SECTION C-C

1.5

DETAIL A

SCALE 5 : 1

5

2.5 C

4

1.0

0.5

R0.2

DETAIL B

SCALE 2 : 1

SCALE 5 : 1

1.

5

45°

B

SCALE 2 : 1

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM NAME

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

NO FINISH

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

REVISION

B

YES

DATE

DRAWN

B

PIVOT ARM

TITLE:

APPV'D

C

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

R0.3

ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

A

MFG DWG NO.

MATERIAL:

Q.A

PP HOMOPOLYMER

194

5

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:2

2

008

A3 SHEET 8 OF 27

1

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

140.0

F

F

E

2.0

DETAIL C

1.8

0.6

SEE CAD MODEL FOR EXTRA DIMENSIONS

124

128.8

TRUE R0.5

E

SCALE 5 : 1 5.2 R6

R8

4 1.

70.0 R6 4.8

R6

1

R8 6 .

D

C

8

R43

8.2 R6

A

SEE CAD MODEL FOR COMPLEX CURVE DIMENSIONS

D

D

R44.8

26.8 66.8

1.4 1.3

C

124

70.2

129

R 58

B

DETAIL D

ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM

52.8

10

B

A

2.0

23.0

12.6

29.4 70.0 97.4 113.8

21.8

SCALE 1 : 3

C

A

1.5 0.6

SECTION A-A

55.4

2.4 3.5

140.5

37.1

R67.0

NAME

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

HIGH GLOSS

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

B REVISION

B

YES

DATE

DRAWN

SCALE 5 : 1

HEAD TOP

TITLE:

APPV'D

SECTION B-B

SCALE 1 : 3

MATERIAL:

Q.A

10.0

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

A

MFG

B

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:2

2

009

A3 SHEET 9 OF 27

1

195

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

132.4 128.5

F

F

127.0 123.4 122.4 108.5 98

E

E

77.5

A

37.8

26.2

0.5

5.2

1.5

C

D A

SECTION A-A

2.0

13.2

D

4.4

4 3.0

1.6

2.0

2.6

3

3.7

1

DETAIL B

3.6

SCALE 5 : 1

1.0

6.1 DETAIL C

SECTION D-D

SCALE 4 : 1

SCALE 4 : 1

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM NAME

A

196

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

TRANSPARENT

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

L.COLLINS

8.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

C

B

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

REVISION

B

YES

DATE

DRAWN

.8 °

LIGHT RAIL

TITLE:

APPV'D

ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

1.2 2.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.5

.2°

0.6

4.8

2.7 2.1

D

1

1.4

4.0

1.

8

1.6

62

3.0

C

96

D

2.2

B

22.8

3.3

21

10.7 13.6

5 .5

39

B

47.5 61.8

SEE CAD MODEL FOR COMPOUND CURVE DIMENSIONS

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:2

2

010

A3 SHEET 10 OF 27

1

8

7

6

F

5

4

3

2

1

F

41.5

R6.5

E

30.0

28.0

6.3

3.3

8.5

5

11.5

1.

21.5

2.0

E

13.5

D

D

34.6 38.8

1.6

C 11.6

C

ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

B

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

N/A

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

B

PCB

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

A

MFG DWG NO.

MATERIAL:

Q.A

N/A

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

B

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:2:1

2

011

A3 SHEET 11 OF 27

1

197

7

6

4

3

2

1

F

R0 .8

R0 .3

25.5

23.9

21.9

19.2

9.3

6.3 7.2

1.6

A

3.2

3.7

B

5.3

F

5 TRUE R1.5

3.2

20.3 19.5 5.3 4.8

8

R9.8

E

TRUE R1.0 A 32.0

21.5

R1 2

21

°

B

26.3

.5

R 7. 6

R6 .

4

E SECTION A-A

SECTION B-B

SCALE 1.5 : 1

SCALE 1.5 : 1 4 3.0

D

6.0

2.0

0

.5 R1

16.8

18.3 24.3

19.5

°

2.4

85

17.4

R2 .

5

R5.

C

1 .2

2.1

D

36.3

DETAIL C SCALE 3 : 1

C

37.0 35.0 33.5 21.5 20.0 12.5

B

ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

C

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM

198

25.0

23.5

20.5

SIGNATURE

NO FINISH

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

B

CRADLE

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

MFG MATERIAL:

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

Q.A

9.5

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

4.5

1.5

2.2

3.2

4.7

20.3

A

22

NAME

FINISH:

B

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:2:1

2

012

A3 SHEET 12 OF 27

1

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

F

F 39.6 35.0 R3 .

29.0

0

4 X THRU HOLES

E

E

25.0

21.0

1.0 1.5

5.0

1.0

1.6

23.0

24.5

D

25.8

D

35.5 38.0 2

C

R0 .

C

1.0

3.0

39.0

B

B UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM NAME

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

NO FINISH

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

B

TITLE:

PLATE

APPV'D

A

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:2:1

2

013

A3 SHEET 13 OF 27

1

199

8

7

6

5

F

4

3

2

1

F

12.70

E

E 0.70 1.70

5.00

A

A 45

9.00

B

SECTION A-A

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

NO FINISH

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

REVISION

B

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

PIVOT ROD

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

MFG

ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE ALL RADII ARE 0.25 UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

200

C

B

NAME

A

°

2.00

7.80

C

7.7

D 6.26

D

MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:5:1

2

014

A3 SHEET 14 OF 27

1

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

F

F

E

E

R20.5 R19.0

6.3 5

D

3.6

D

TRUE R7.6

A

.0 R19

R2 0 .

C 12.3

12.0

2.6

1.3

A

TRUE R7.0

8.6

3.8

SECTION A-A

7.4

5

C

10.4 11.0 14.3 15.0

B

B

SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

MATTE

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

B

CABLE SLEEVE

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PVC

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:5:1

2

015

A3 SHEET 15 OF 27

1

201

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

F

E

E

66.00

F

D 2.00

D

C

2.00

C

B

B UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/-0.01MM LINEAR: +/-0.01MM ANGULAR: +/-0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

TEXTURED

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

A

FOOT

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PVC

8 7 6 202SOLIDWORKS Educational Product. For Instructional Use Only.

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

5

4

WEIGHT: 0.81

3

SCALE:1:1

2

016

A3 SHEET 16 OF 27

1

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

F

E

E 60.00

F

D

C

C

B

0.20

D

B UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: N/A LINEAR: ANGULAR: NAME

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

LAMINATED

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

L.COLLINS

1.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

B

LABEL

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

CORRUGATED PAPER

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:1

2

017

A3 SHEET 17 OF 27

1

203

8

7

6

5

4

3

6

2

ITEM PART NUMBER NO. 1 CASING BOTTOM

F 7 5

E 8

1

DWG NO.

QTY. 1

2

PLATFORM

020 027

3

PCB

025

1

4

PLUG SOCKET

022

1

5

FIBRE OPTIC

024

1

6

CASING TOP

021

1

7

SCREEN

026

1

8

PLUG HOUSING

023

1

F

1

E

D

D 4

C

3

C

2

1

B

B

SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

MATTE

L.COLLINS

6.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

TITLE:

EXPLODED VIEW

APPV'D

A

204

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

A

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE: 1:1.5

2

019

A3 SHEET 19 OF 27

1

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

80.00

79.00

78.00

F

77.00

F

E R3

C

14.20 13.50

D

R3 7 4.0

R31 .30

R3 8

R3 9 .5

.00

.0

0

E

0

0

R30.

40

B

R27.00

11.50 10.00

R25.00

0.75

8.00

D

0.45 A

15.00

3.00

3.00

C

C DETAIL B

DETAIL C

SCALE 2 : 1

SCALE 2 : 1

ALL SURFACES HAVE A DRAFT ANGLE OF 1 DEGREE ALL EDGES HAVE A O.25MM RADII UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

B

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM

SECTION A-A

A

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

NAME

A

SIGNATURE

MATTE

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

APPV'D

74.00

Q.A

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

REVISION

B

YES

DATE

DRAWN

49.00

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

B

TITLE:

CASING BOTTOM A

MFG MATERIAL:

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:1

2

020

A3 SHEET 20 OF 27

1

205

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

15.0

F

F

11.5 2.0

R3 .

0

1.5

A

R3

R3 2

1 .0

.5

R2 9 .3 R28 .4

B

E

45.0

E

5 R3 8 . .0 R3 7 5 .0 R3 . 5 3 R3

10.0

R25.0

A

SECTION A-A

DETAIL C

SCALE 2 : 1

SCALE 2 : 1

SCALE 1 : 2 6.4

8.2

8.5

10

16.0

12.0

D 12.8

D

17.0 15.6 9.5

C

E

R0.5

R2.5

DETAIL D

C

SCALE 2 : 1

73 ° .5

70

DETAIL E SCALE 4 : 1

8.5 9.5

° .7

62

°

59

13.4

° .5

17.0

C

19.3

ALL EDGES HAVE 0.25MM RADII UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE ALL FACES HAVE A 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

5 8°

80.0

20.5

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM

5° 75°

73.

71°

62°

60°

D

R1.4

R4.0

11.0

B

.0 R2 7

DETAIL B

NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

MATTE

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

CASING TOP

TITLE:

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

206

B

APPV'D

A

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

B

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:1

2

021

A3 SHEET 21 OF 27

1

3

2

1

62.5

59.5

4 58.5

48.8

43.3

37.5

36.6

5 28.5

16.3 19

15.5

11.5

5.0

6 3.0

69.0

7 71.0

8

F

F

E

E A 3.0

R1 .

70.0

R0.75

0

74.0

1.5

.5 R2

D 3.0

D

SECTION B-B

11.5

B

SCALE 2 : 1

13.0

26.5

30.0

31.5

C

36.5

36.3 37.8 61.0

C B

51.3 45 29

DETAIL A

SCALE 2 : 1

3 X THRU-HOLE

22.7

ALL EDGES HAVE 0.25MM RADII UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE ALL FACES HAVE A 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

B

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM NAME

35.0 36.3

A

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

NO FINISH

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

REVISION

B

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

PLUG SOCKET

TITLE:

APPV'D

37.8

A

MFG

39.0

MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

71.0

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

B

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:1

2

022

A3 SHEET 22 OF 27

1

207

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

69.2

45.0

A

44.25

F 10.0

F

E

E

.7 R0

D

1.0

5

D

SEE UK PLUG STANDARDS PG...

A

SECTION A-A

0.

B

8

1.2

C

0.5

C

ALL RADII ARE .25MM UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE A 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

43.0 45.0

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

N/A

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

PLUG HOUSING

TITLE:

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

208

B

APPV'D

A

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

B

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:1

2

023

A3 SHEET 23 OF 27

1

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

F R3 2

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F

E

E

D

D

2.

0

66.0

C

C 68.0

B

B

*ROUGH MODEL OF BOUGHT-IN COMPONENT UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

N/A

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

B

FIBRE OPTIC

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

A

MFG DWG NO.

MATERIAL:

Q.A

N/A

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:1

2

024

A3 SHEET 24 OF 27

1

209

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

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F

F

35.1

12.2

31.6

8.2

2 R27.

32.4

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R3

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4.2

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D

32.2 35.2 R1.0 R1.0

C

C

R0.5 1.

5

36.2

37

DETAIL A SCALE 4 : 1

B

B

SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

N/A

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

TITLE:

210

A

MFG DWG NO.

MATERIAL:

Q.A

N/A

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

B

PCB

APPV'D

A

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:2:1

2

025

A3 SHEET 25 OF 27

1

8

7

6

F

5

4

3

2

1

F

17.4 13.4 10.4

A

E

R3

2.1

1.0

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0.5

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D

D

SCALE 5 : 1

4.0

64

65.4

65.8

66

68.4

69.5

DETAIL A

C

70.0

1.0

C

SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION ALL RADII ARE .1MM UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE

B

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

MATTE

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

TITLE:

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

B

SCREEN

APPV'D

A

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

B

5

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:1:1

2

026

A3 SHEET 26 OF 27

1

211

5

4

A

R2

3

2

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12.2

F

6

31.6

35

7 36

8

F

7.2

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SCALE 4 : 1

32.2 35.2

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11

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36.2 .3

6

8

4

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3.2

9.0

7.8

7.5

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6.8

22 20.3

SECTION B-B

65°

SCALE 4 : 1

C

2.0 ALL RADII ARE 0.25MM UNLESS STATED OTHERWISE ALL FLAT SURFACES HAVE A 1 DEGREE DRAFT ANGLE SEE CAD MODEL FOR CLARIFICATION

2.4

B

13.2

R3 8

R2 7

14.8

UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED: DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH: TOLERANCES: +/- 0.01MM LINEAR: +/- 0.01MM ANGULAR: +/- 0.01MM

.2

.2

31 32.0

8 Educational Product.

7 For Instructional Use 6 Only.

SOLIDWORKS

212

18.5

13.8

A

28.4 29.25

11.4

NAME

DEBURR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES

FINISH:

SIGNATURE

N/A

L.COLLINS

7.5.21

CHK'D

G.BRAND

10.5.21

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

B

PLATFORM

TITLE:

APPV'D

A

MFG MATERIAL:

Q.A

DWG NO.

PP HOMOPOLYMER

5

REVISION

YES

DATE

DRAWN

B

4

WEIGHT:

3

SCALE:2:1

2

027

A3 SHEET 27 OF 27

1