Παιδιατρική | Τόμος 63 • Τεύχος 5 • Σεπτέμβριος - Οκτώβριος 2000

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E§§HNIKH ¶AI¢IATPIKH ETAIPEIA AP£PO ™YNTA•H™ 353 ¶Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ˜ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Â›Ó·È Û·Ê¤˜ ÛÙȘ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡

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421 °Ï˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·ÛË ∆‡Ô˘ ππ (ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Pompe): ¡¤· ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË Û ŒÏÏËÓ· ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì ÙË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ∂. ªÈ¯ÂϷοÎË, ∂. ª·˘Ú›‰Ô˘, M. Hermans, Ã. §¿ÛηÚË, ª. ∫Ô˘ÚÎÔ˘Ï‹, A. Reuser

426 ƒ·¯›Ùȉ·-ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙË ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D - ∆‡Ô˘ π

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∂¶π∫∞πƒ∞ £∂ª∞∆∞ 367 ∞ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ·: ŒÓ· Ó¤Ô Â›‰Ô˜ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÔÔÏÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Ã.µ. ∫·ÙÛ·Ú‰‹˜

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430 ™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ‰›„·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ ·ÓÙȉÈÔ˘ÚËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚÌfiÓ˘ ∞. ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, ∫. ∫ËÔ˘ÚÔ‡+, Ã. ª·ÓÙ¿, °. ∆·¿ÎË, º. ºÈÏÈ›‰Ë˜

∂•∂§π•∂π™ ™∆∏¡ π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 375 ∆Ô Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË ª. ªÔ˘ÛÙ¿ÎË, ¶. °È¿ÏÏÔ˘ÚÔ˜

433 ™¿ÓÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ· ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ¶. ∑ÒÛË, ∏. °ÂˆÚÁÈ¿‰Ë˜, ¢. ∫·Ú·Î·˚‰fi˜, ¢. ∆ÛÈÏÈ‚¿ÎÔ˜, £. µÏ¿¯Ô˘, Ã. ¢Ú¿ÎÔ˘, ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ ∫·Ú‹˜

EPEYNHTIKE™ EP°A™IE™ 382 ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· Û ªÔÓ¿‰· ∂ÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜ ¶. ∫·Ï·Ì·Ï›Î˘, ª. ¡·ÚÏ›ÔÁÏÔ˘, ¡. ∑¿‚Ú·˜, ¢. ¶·Ú¿Û¯Ô˘, °. ªÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘, ∞. ÷Ù˙‹˜

391 ∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋˜ Î·È ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜

437 ∞˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Û ÚfiˆÚ· ‰›‰˘Ì· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ™. °·Ú‰›Î˘, ∂. ÷Ù˙ˉ¿ÎË, X. °È·ÓÓ·ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘, π. µÏ·¯¿Î˘, ™. µÏ·˙¿Î˘, °. ÷ڛÛ˘

440 ™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË ÎÏÂȉfi˜: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÌÈ·˜ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ £. ªÂÛϛη˜, ∫. ¶··‚·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ, ¡. ¶¿ÓÔ˘, °. ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, µ. ¶··‚·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘, π. ªÔÛ¯·Ó‰Ú¤·, ∞. ∫·Ê¿ÙÔ˜

408 ™›ÙÈÛË ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· Î·È ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ∞. °Ô‡Ó·Ú˘, ¡. ∞ÏÂ͛Ԣ, Ã. ¶ÂÙÚÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘, ∂. ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ¤ÏÏÔ˘, Ã. ∫ÒÛÙ·ÏÔ˜

412 ∞ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋˜ ·Ú¿Ï˘Û˘ Ã. ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜, ∞. ª·Ï¿Ûη, ª. ∆˙ËÙËÚ›‰Ô˘, O. ∫ÔÙ˙·ÂÚ›‰Ô˘, ∂. ∫·Ú·Ù˙¿-•ÈÊÈÏ›‰Ô˘

PAEDIATRIKI

¶PAKTIKE™ O¢H°IE™ ™TOY™ °O¡∂π™ 444 OÈÎȷο ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù·: O‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÚfiÏ˄˘ ∫. ∆ÛÔ˘Ì¿Î·˜

¶AI¢IATPIKH ENHMEPø™∏ 446 ∑. ¶··‰ÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘-∫Ô˘ÏÔ˘Ì‹ ¶ÚÔÛ¯‹ ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈ· ™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜

Hellenic Paediatric Society

™∂¶∆∂ªµƒπO™-O∫∆øµƒπO™ 2000

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TOMO™ 63

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¶AI¢IATPIKH TfiÌÔ˜ 63, T‡¯Ô˜ 5Ô ™ÂÙ.-OÎÙ. 2000

HELLENIC PAEDIATRIC SOCIETY

¢ÈÌËÓÈ·›· ¤Î‰ÔÛË E›ÛËÌÔ ¶ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi Ù˘ EÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ EÙ·ÈÚ›·˜

Bimonthly Publication The Official Journal of the Hellenic Paediatric Society

EΉfiÙ˘ K. °ÚÈ‚¤·˜

Publisher K. Griveas

I‰ÈÔÎÙ‹Ù˘© EÏÏËÓÈ΋ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ EÙ·ÈÚ›· Mȯ·Ï·ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ 92 Aı‹Ó·È 115 28

Owner© Hellenic Paediatric Society Michalakopoulou 92 Athens 115 28

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Editorial Board : K. Malaka : Z. Papadopoulou-Couloumbis : E. Agelaki-Georgaki : F. Athanassiadou-Piperopoulou : M. Anthrakopoulos : G. Varlamis : P. Kafritsa : A. Konstadopoulos : Th. Tsiligiannis : K. Tsoumakas : S. Fotopoulos : ∞. Hatzis

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Correspondence Hellenic Paediatric Society Michalakopoulou 92 Athens 115 28 Tel: (01) 7771 140, Fax: 7758 354

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HELLENIC PAEDIATRIC SOCIETY

¶AI¢IATPIKH

PAEDIATRIKI

TfiÌÔ˜ 63, T‡¯Ô˜ 5Ô ™ÂÙ.-OÎÙ. 2000

Volume 63, No. 5, Sept-Oct 2000

¶EPIEÃOMENA

CONTENTS ™ÂÏ.

O‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜

vii

Page

Instructions for Authors

vii

AP£PO ™YNTA•H™

EDITORIAL

¶Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ˜ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Â›Ó·È Û·Ê¤˜ ÛÙȘ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ °.∞. ™˘ÚÔÁÈ·ÓÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜

Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to antibiotics in Greece: the problem is real in respiratory infections G.A. Syrogiannopoulos

353

353

ANA™KO¶H™H

REVIEW ARTICLE

N¤Â˜ Ù¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÚÔÔÙÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ÌÔÓ¿‰· ÂÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜

New trends and perspectives in the nutritional needs of critically ill children in intensive care

°. ªÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘

356

G. Briassoulis

356

∂¶π∫∞πƒ∞ £∂ª∞∆∞

CURRENT ISSUES

∞ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ·: ŒÓ· Ó¤Ô Â›‰Ô˜ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÔÔÏÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ Ù˘ ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÁˆÁ‹˜

Antileukotrienes: A new class of drugs in the pediatric asthma treatment armamentarium

Ã.µ. ∫·ÙÛ·Ú‰‹˜

367

∂•∂§π•∂π™ ™∆∏¡ π∞∆ƒπ∫∏

C.V. Katsardis

367

MEDICAL PROGRESS

∆Ô Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË ª. ªÔ˘ÛÙ¿ÎË, ¶. °È¿ÏÏÔ˘ÚÔ˜

The use of flexible bronchoscopy in children 375

M. Moustaki, P. Giallouros

∂ƒ∂À¡∏∆π∫∂™ ∂ƒ°∞™π∂™

ORIGINAL PAPERS

¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· Û ªÔÓ¿‰· ∂ÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜

Monitoring and treatment of children with meningococcemia in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit

¶. ∫·Ï·Ì·Ï›Î˘, ª. ¡·ÚÏ›ÔÁÏÔ˘, ¡. ∑¿‚Ú·˜, ¢. ¶·Ú¿Û¯Ô˘, °. ªÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘, ∞. ÷Ù˙‹˜

382

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋˜ Î·È ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘, π. ªÔÛ¯·Ó‰Ú¤·, ∞. ∫·Ê¿ÙÔ˜

375

P. Kalabalikis, M. Narlioglou, N. Zavras, D. Paraschou, G. Briassoulis, A. Hatzis

382

Growth curves of infants and preschool age children from Crete which resulted from longitudinal study M. Linardakis, I. Moschandrea, A. Kafatos

391

391

™›ÙÈÛË ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· Î·È ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ∞. °Ô‡Ó·Ú˘, ¡. ∞ÏÂ͛Ԣ, Ã. ¶ÂÙÚÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘, ∂. ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ¤ÏÏÔ˘, Ã. ∫ÒÛÙ·ÏÔ˜

Feeding of neonates with perinatal asphyxia and disturbances of gut hormone levels 408

∞ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋˜ ·Ú¿Ï˘Û˘ Ã. ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜, ∞. ª·Ï¿Ûη, ª. ∆˙ËÙËÚ›‰Ô˘, O. ∫ÔÙ˙·ÂÚ›‰Ô˘, ∂. ∫·Ú·Ù˙¿-•ÈÊÈÏ›‰Ô˘

A. Gounaris, N. Alexiou, C. Petropoulou, E. Constantellou, C. Costalos

Botulinum toxin-A in the treatment of cerebral palsy 412

C. Panteliadis, A. Balaska, M. Tzitiridou, O. Kotzaeridou, E. Karatza-Xifilidou

EN¢IAºEPOY™E™ ¶EPI¶Tø™EI™

CASE REPORTS

™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌË πÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans - ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ Î·È ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Ù˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜

Congenital self-healing Langerhans cell Histiocytosis. Case report and review of the literature

ª. ÷ڛÛË, ∞. ∑ÈÒÁ·, ∂. ∫ÚËÙÈÎÔ‡, ∞. ™È·ÌÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ª·˘Ú›‰Ô˘, ∑. ¶··‰ÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘-∫Ô˘ÏÔ˘Ì‹

408

418

™˘Ó¯›˙ÔÓÙ·È

412

M. Charisi, A. Zioga, E Kritikou, A. Siamopoulou-Mavridou, Z. Papadopoulou-Couloumbis 418

Continued

iii

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E§§HNIKH ¶AI¢IATPIKH ETAIPEIA

HELLENIC PAEDIATRIC SOCIETY

¶AI¢IATPIKH

PAEDIATRIKI

TfiÌÔ˜ 63, T‡¯Ô˜ 5Ô ™ÂÙ.-OÎÙ. 2000

Volume 63, No. 5, Sept-Oct 2000

™ÂÏ.

°Ï˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·ÛË ∆‡Ô˘ ππ (ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Pompe): ¡¤· ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË Û ŒÏÏËÓ· ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì ÙË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ∂. ªÈ¯ÂϷοÎË, ∂. ª·˘Ú›‰Ô˘, M. Hermans, Ã. §¿ÛηÚË, ª. ∫Ô˘ÚÎÔ˘Ï‹, A. Reuser 421

ƒ·¯›Ùȉ·-ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙË ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D - ∆‡Ô˘ π ¢. ∫·Ú·Î·˚‰fi˜, ¶. ∑ÒÛË, ¢. ∆ÛÈÏÈ‚¿ÎÔ˜, °. ∫·ÓÈ¿Ú˘, °. ∆ÛfiÏ·˜, Ã. ∫·Ú‹˜

426

430

∞˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Û ÚfiˆÚ· ‰›‰˘Ì· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿

A. Papadimitriou, K. Kipourou+, C. Manta, G. Tapaki, P. Philippidis P. Zosi, H. Georgiadis, D. Karakaidos, D. Tsilivakos, T. Vlahou, C. Drakou, C. Karis

S. Gardikis, E. Hatzidaki, C. Giannakopoulou, J. Vlahakis, S. Vlazakis, G. Charissis

430

433

437

437

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: A case report 440

¶PAKTIKE™ O¢H°IE™ ™TOY™ °O¡∂π™

T. Beslikas, K. Papavasiliou, N. Panou, G. Papadimitriou, V. Papavasiliou

440

PRACTICAL ADVICE TO PARENTS Household accidents: Preventive measures 444

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ E¡∏ª∂ƒø™∏ ∑. ¶··‰ÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘-∫Ô˘ÏÔ˘Ì‹

426

Spontaneous gastric perforation in premature twins

™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË ÎÏÂȉfi˜: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÌÈ·˜ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘

OÈÎȷο ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù·: O‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÚfiÏ˄˘ ∫. ∆ÛÔ˘Ì¿Î·˜

D. Karakaidos, P. Zosi, D. Tsilivakos, G. Kaniaris, G. Tsolas, C. Karis

A rare case of scleroderma in childhood. Case report

¶. ∑ÒÛË, ∏. °ÂˆÚÁÈ¿‰Ë˜, ¢. ∫·Ú·Î·˚‰fi˜, ¢. ∆ÛÈÏÈ‚¿ÎÔ˜, £. µÏ¿¯Ô˘, Ã. ¢Ú¿ÎÔ˘, ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ ∫·Ú‹˜ 433

£. ªÂÛϛη˜, ∫. ¶··‚·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ, ¡. ¶¿ÓÔ˘, °. ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, µ. ¶··‚·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ

421

Congenital defect in the osmoregulation of thirst and the secretion of antidiuretic hormone

™¿ÓÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ·¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘

™. °·Ú‰›Î˘, ∂. ÷Ù˙ˉ¿ÎË, X. °È·ÓÓ·ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘, π. µÏ·¯¿Î˘, ™. µÏ·˙¿Î˘, °. ÷ڛÛ˘

H. Michelakakis, I. Mavridou, M. Hermans, H. Laskari, M. Kourkouli, A. Reusser

Vitamin D dependent Rickets - Type I

™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ‰›„·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ ·ÓÙȉÈÔ˘ÚËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚÌfiÓ˘ ∞. ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, ∫. ∫ËÔ˘ÚÔ‡+, Ã. ª·ÓÙ¿, °. ∆·¿ÎË, º. ºÈÏÈ›‰Ë˜

Page

Glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease): New mutation in a Greek infant

K.T. Tsoumakas

444

PAEDIATRIC NEWS 446

Z. Papadopoulou-Couloumbis

446

¶ÚÔÛ¯‹ ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈ·

xi

Scheduled Medical Meetings

xi

™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜

xii

Abbreviations

xii

∞Á·ËÙÔ› ™˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ, OÈ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙÚÔÔÔÈËı›. ¶·Ú·Î·Ï›Ûı ÛÙÔ ÂÍ‹˜ Ó· ‰È·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÂÙ ÙȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È Ó· ·ÔÛÙ›ÏÂÙ ÁÈ· ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÛÙËÓ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ Ӥ˜ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜. ∏ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹

iv

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·9

O‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ A. °ÂÓÈΤ˜ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ∆Ô ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi "¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫◊" Â›Ó·È Ë Â›ÛËÌË ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ¤Î‰ÔÛË Î·È È‰ÈÔÎÙËÛ›· Ù˘ EÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ EÙ·ÈÚ›·˜. Œ¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÙËÓ ·ÔÙ‡ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Î·È ÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ È·ÙÚÈ΋ ÂÓË̤ڈÛË Î·È ÂÈÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ EÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ ¶·È‰È¿ÙÚˆÓ. °È· ÙÔ ÛÎÔfi ·˘Ùfi ‰¤¯ÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ¿ÚıÚˆÓ Î·È Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ: ¿ÚıÚ· Û‡ÓÙ·Í˘ (ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÚfiÛÎÏËÛË Ù˘ EÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋˜ EÈÙÚÔ‹˜), ·Ó·ÛÎÔ‹ÛÂȘ, Â›Î·ÈÚ· ı¤Ì·Ù·, ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ ÛÙËÓ π·ÙÚÈ΋ ∂ÈÛÙ‹ÌË, ÚˆÙfiÙ˘˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ì ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎfi ‹ È·ÙÚÔÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ, ÁÂÓÈο ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Ù˘ È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘Û˘ Î·È ˘Á›·˜, ‚Ú·‚Â˘Ì¤Ó˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜, ÂÈÏÂÁ̤Ó˜ Û˘˙ËÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙÚÔÁÁ˘ÏÒÓ ÙÚ·Â˙ÒÓ, ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ Î·È ·ÂÈÎÔÓÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ, ‚Ú·¯Â›Â˜ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ, ‚È‚ÏÈÔÎÚÈۛ˜, ÂÈÛÙÔϤ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙË Û‡ÓÙ·ÍË, ÂÚÈÏ‹„ÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ Î·È Í¤Ó˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜, ·Ó·ÎÔÈÓÒÛÂȘ ÚÔÛ¯ÒÓ Û˘ÌÔÛ›ˆÓ Î·È Û˘Ó‰ڛˆÓ Û ı¤Ì·Ù· Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Î·È ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ó¤ˆÓ ÂΉfiÛˆÓ, ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÒÓ Î·È Í¤ÓˆÓ, ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜.

H EÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ EÈÙÚÔ‹ ‰È·ÙËÚ› ÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· Ó· ‰ËÌÔÛȇÂÈ ¿ÚıÚ· Ì ȉȷ›ÙÂÚÔ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Ë ÛÂÈÚ¿ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ Î·È Ó· ·ÔÊ·Û›˙ÂÈ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚Ú·‚¢ı› ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÙ‹ÛÈÔ˘ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ó‰ڛԢ, ÙËÓ ÔÏÈ΋ ‹ ÌÂÚÈ΋ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÛÙÚÔÁÁ˘ÏÒÓ ÙÚ·Â˙ÒÓ È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜, Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÏÈ΋ ‹ ÌÂÚÈ΋ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÂÈÛÙÔÏÒÓ. µ. ÀÔ‚ÔÏ‹ Î·È ¢ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ∂ÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ OÈ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ÚÔ˜ ÎÚ›ÛË ÁÈ· ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi "¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫◊" ·ÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ÂȘ ÙÚÈÏÔ‡Ó ÛÙË ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË: EÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ EÈÙÚÔ‹ EÏÏËÓÈ΋ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ EÙ·ÈÚ›· Mȯ·Ï·ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ 92 115 28 Aı‹Ó· ŸÏ˜ ÔÈ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Û˘Óԉ‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹, Ë ÔÔ›· ı· Û˘Ó˘ÔÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ·fi fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ı· ‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ÂÚÁ·Û›· ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÓ Ì¤ÚÂÈ ‹ ÂÍ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚÔ˘ ‰ËÌÔÛÈ¢ı› ‹ ˘Ô‚ÏËı› ÁÈ· ÎÚ›ÛË Û ¿ÏÏÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi Î·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ ÂÁÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙË ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û‹ Ù˘ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi "¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫◊". ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Ù˘¯fiÓ ÂȉÔÙ‹ÛÂȘ - ¯ÔÚËÁ›Â˜ ‹ ¿ÏϘ ËÁ¤˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢. ŸÏ˜ ÔÈ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Û˘Óԉ‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÁÚ·Ù‹ ‰‹ÏˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ fiÙÈ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÏËÚÔÊÔÚË̤ÓË Û˘Ó·›ÓÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ¯fiÓÙˆÓ ‹ ÙˆÓ ÓÔÌ›ÌˆÓ ÂÎÚÔÛÒˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ‰È·ÎËÚ‡ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ EÏÛ›ÓÎÈ Î·È ÙÔ˘ TfiÎÈÔ. ŸÏ˜ ÔÈ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È È‰ÈÔÎÙËÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡ "¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫◊" Î·È Ë ÔÏÈ΋ ‹ ÌÂÚÈ΋ ·Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi

¤ÁÁÚ·ÊË Û˘ÁηٿıÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡. ∏ ¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ “∫ÔÈÓ¤˜ ¶ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜ ÁÈ· ÃÂÈÚfiÁÚ·Ê· Ô˘ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È Û µÔ˚·ÙÚÈο ¶ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο” (Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals) Ô˘ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ JAMA 1997;277:927934, http://jama.ama-assn.org/info/auinst_req.html.

OÈ ·fi„ÂȘ Î·È Ù· Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ Ô˘ ‰È·Ù˘ÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙÈηÙÔÙÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ··Ú·›ÙËÙ· ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡. H ηٷ¯ÒÚËÛË ‰È·ÊËÌ›ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎfi ‰ÂÓ ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ¤ÁÎÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚȯÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙËÓ EÏÏËÓÈ΋ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ EÙ·ÈÚ›·, ÙËÓ EÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ EÈÙÚÔ‹ ‹ ·fi ÙÔÓ EΉfiÙË ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡.

EÊfiÛÔÓ Ë ÂÚÁ·Û›· Á›ÓÂÈ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹, ÙÔ ‰ÈÔÚıˆÌ¤ÓÔ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ˘ԉ›ÍÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÎÚÈÙÒÓ Î·È ÂÎ Ó¤Ô˘ ‰·ÎÙ˘ÏÔÁÚ·ÊË̤ÓÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘Ô‚¿ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ EÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ EÈÙÚÔ‹ Û˘Óԉ¢fiÌÂÓÔ ·fi ‰ÈÛΤٷ Î·È ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ fiÔ˘ Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈο ÔÈ ÙÚÔÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ ‹ ÔÈ ·ÓÙÈÚÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙȘ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÎÚÈÙÒÓ. H ηı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË Ù˘ Â·Ó˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚÔÔÔÈË̤ÓÔ˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ¤Ú·Ó ÙˆÓ 4 ÌËÓÒÓ Û˘ÓÂ¿ÁÂÙ·È Ó¤· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹. °È· Ó· ÂÈÙ¢¯ı› Ë ¤ÁηÈÚË ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ Ó· ÂÈÛÙÚ¤ÊÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‰ÈÔÚıˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ù˘ÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi ‰ÔΛÌÈÔ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ ̤۷ Û ÂÙ¿ (7) Ë̤Ú˜.

T· ¤ÍÔ‰· ÙˆÓ ÊÈÏ̘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ó·Ù‡ˆÓ ‚·Ú‡ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ Î·È Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÏËÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÎÈÌ›Ô˘ ηÙ¢ı›·Ó ÛÙÔÓ Ù˘ÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ.

T· ΛÌÂÓ· ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¤˜ ÁÈ· ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È. MÔÚ› Ó· ÂÈÛÙÚ·ÊÔ‡Ó, ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ˙ËÙËı›, Ù· Û¯‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ÔÈ ÊˆÙÔÁڷʛ˜ Ô˘ Ù· Û˘Óԉ‡ԢÓ. °. ™‡ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ∂ÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ TÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ (Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÈÓ¿ÎˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ù›ÙÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ) Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ‰·ÎÙ˘ÏÔÁÚ·ÊË̤ÓÔ ÛÙË ÌÈ· fi„Ë Ï¢ÎÔ‡ ¯·ÚÙÈÔ‡ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ A4 (22x28 cm) Ì ‰ÈÏfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÁÚ·ÌÌÒÓ Î·È Ê·Ú‰È¿ ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ· (2,5 cm) ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô Ï¢ڤ˜.

TÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıË ‰È¿Ù·ÍË: ÛÂÏ›‰· Ù›ÙÏÔ˘, ‚Ú·¯‡˜ Ù›ÙÏÔ˜, ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ÛÙ· ÂÏÏËÓÈο Î·È Ù· ·ÁÁÏÈο, ΛÌÂÓÔ, ¢¯·ÚÈÛٛ˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ Û ÂȉÔÙ‹ÛÂȘ-¯ÔÚËÁ›Â˜ ‹ ¿ÏϘ ËÁ¤˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢, ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ›Ó·Î˜, ÂÈÎfiÓ˜, Ù›ÙÏÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ, ηٿÏÔÁÔ˜ Û˘ÓÙÌ‹ÛˆÓ. K¿ı ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÛÙÔȯ›· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Û ¯ˆÚÈÛÙfi ʇÏÏÔ Î·È ÔÈ ÛÂÏ›‰Â˜ Ó· ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ·Ú¯›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ì ÙË ÛÂÏ›‰· Ù›ÙÏÔ˘.

H ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·Ó·ÛÎÔ‹ÛÂȘ Û 15-25, ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Û 12-15 ÛÂÏ›‰Â˜, ÁÈ· Ù· Â›Î·ÈÚ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Î·È ÙȘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜

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ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Û 3-5 ‰·ÎÙ˘ÏÔÁÚ·ÊË̤Ó˜ ÛÂÏ›‰Â˜, ÂÓÒ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ‚Ú·¯Â›Â˜ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ Û 1000 ϤÍÂȘ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÈÛÙÔϤ˜ Û 250-300 ϤÍÂȘ. ™ÂÏ›‰· Ù›ÙÏÔ˘ ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ: - ÙÔÓ Ù›ÙÏÔ (<14 ϤÍÂȘ) ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ ‚Ú·¯‡ Ù›ÙÏÔ (<5 ϤÍÂȘ) ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘. ¢ÂÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÔÓÙ·È Û˘ÓÙÌ‹ÛÂȘ, - ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· Î·È ÙÔ ÂÒÓ˘ÌÔ Î¿ıÂ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ· ÛÙËÓ ÔÓÔÌ·ÛÙÈ΋, - ÙÔ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ (›‰Ú˘Ì·, ÎÏÈÓÈ΋, ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ) ·fi fiÔ˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Ë ÂÚÁ·Û›·. ™Â ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ¤ÏÏÂȄ˘ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ÌÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ΤÓÙÚ·, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Ë È‰ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘/ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ (.¯. ȉÈÒÙ˘ ·È‰›·ÙÚÔ˜) Î·È Ô ÙfiÔ˜ ‰È·ÌÔÓ‹˜ ÙÔ˘/ÙˆÓ, - ÙËÓ Ï‹ÚË ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ÙÔ ÙËϤʈÓÔ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ· Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ë ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·. ¶ÂÚÈÏ‹„ÂȘ H ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÎÂÊ·Ï·ÈÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜, ÙË ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·, Ù· ΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Î·È Ù· Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘. ¢ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘ÂÚ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÙȘ 250 ϤÍÂȘ. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ÛÙ· ·ÁÁÏÈο Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ô Ù›ÙÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Î·È Ù· ÔÓfiÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ ÛÙ· ·ÁÁÏÈο. TÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÁÏÈÎÔ‡ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰È·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi.

T· ¿ÚıÚ· Û‡ÓÙ·Í˘ Î·È ÔÈ ·ÂÈÎÔÓÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌfiÓÔ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë.

K¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÙÚÂȘ ¤ˆ˜ ¤ÓÙ ϤÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ Ô˘ ı· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙÔ ıÂÌ·ÙÈÎfi ¢ÚÂÙ‹ÚÈÔ.

K›ÌÂÓÔ OÈ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó: ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜, ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Î·È Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË. H ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ı¤Ì· Ì ÙȘ ΢ÚÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ú·ÔÌ¤˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÛÎÔfi Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜. H ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ ªÂıfi‰ˆÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÎÚÈ‚‹˜ Î·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹˜ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó··Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ¤˜. T· ∞ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ۷ʋÓÂÈ· Î·È Ó· Û˘Óԉ‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË. H ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù· Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›·, ÙË ÛËÌ·Û›· Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ÙËÓ Èı·Ó‹ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÒÓ.

OÈ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó Û‡ÓÙÔÌË ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ Î·È ‚Ú·¯Â›· Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË. OÈ ·ÂÈÎÔÓÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó Û‡ÓÙÔÌË ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ Î·È ‚Ú·¯Â›· Û˘˙‹ÙËÛË Ì ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË. T· ˘fiÏÔÈ· ı¤Ì·Ù· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂχıÂÚË ‰ÔÌ‹ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜.

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∂˘¯·ÚÈÛٛ˜ ‹ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÂȘ (·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ Û ÂȉÔÙ‹ÛÂȘ - ¯ÔÚËÁ›Â˜ ‹ ¿ÏϘ ËÁ¤˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢) ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Î·È ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙȘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ú·ÔÌ¤˜.

TÈ̤˜ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÒÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ OÈ ÙÈ̤˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÒÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¢ÈÂıÓ¤˜ ™‡ÛÙËÌ· MÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ (SI Units) Î·È ÛÙÔ MÂÙÚÈÎfi (Conventional-™˘Ì‚·ÙÈÎfi) ™‡ÛÙËÌ· ̤۷ Û ·Ú¤ÓıÂÛË. ¶›Ó·Î˜ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÔ‹˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ JAMA 1986;255:2329-2339. ™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ OÈ Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÈ‚ÏËı› ‰ÈÂıÓÒ˜ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÔÓÙ·È Û οı Ù‡¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡. ™‡ÓıÂÙÔÈ Î·È Ì·ÎÚÔÛÎÂÏ›˜ fiÚÔÈ Ô˘ Â·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ÛÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ·ÓÙÈηı›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ·fi Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ Ô˘ ÂÂÍËÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ Û ÂȉÈÎfi ηٿÏÔÁÔ Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È Ì·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›·. OÈ Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Û ·Ú¤ÓıÂÛË ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÏ‹„ÂȘ.

BÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ú·ÔÌ¤˜ ™ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ ηٷ¯ˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È fiϘ ÔÈ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ú·ÔÌ¤˜ Ì ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ. ™ÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ ÔÈ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ú·ÔÌ¤˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Ì ·Ú·‚ÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Û ·Ú¤ÓıÂÛË. OÈ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ú·ÔÌ¤˜ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘ÂÚ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ 70 ÛÙȘ ·Ó·ÛÎÔ‹ÛÂȘ, ÙȘ 30 ÛÙȘ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜, ÙȘ 12 ÛÙ· Â›Î·ÈÚ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Î·È ÙȘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ, ÙȘ 5 ÛÙȘ ‚Ú·¯Â›Â˜ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ.

H Û‡ÓÙ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·ÔÌÒÓ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜ Ù˘ International Committee of Medical Journal Editors / Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (JAMA 1997;277:927-934), http://jama.amaassn.org/info/auinst_req.html. OÈ Û˘ÓÙÌ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ù›ÙÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÒÓ Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ Cumulated Index Medicus (List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus, http://www.nlm.nih.gov). ¶·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·ÔÌÒÓ I. ¶ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο AÓ ÔÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ Â›Ó·È ¤ˆ˜ ¤ÍÈ ·Ó·ÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È fiÏÔÈ, ·Ó Â›Ó·È ÂÙ¿ ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔÈ ·Ó·ÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÚÒÙÔÈ ¤ÍÈ Î·È ÚÔÛÙ›ıÂÙ·È “et al” ‹ “Î·È Û˘Ó”.

T·ÎÙÈ΋ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡: ∞ÏÂ͛Ԣ ¢, ª¿Ú· Ã, °È·ÓÓ·ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ Ã. ∂Ì‚fiÏÈ·, ·ÚfiÓ Î·È Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ: Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÂȉËÌÈÔÏÔÁ›· ÙˆÓ ÏÔÈ̈‰ÒÓ ÓÔÛËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 1996;59:272-279.

Proesmans W. Bartter syndrome and its neonatal variant. Eur J Pediatr 1997;156:669-679.

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™˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈÎfi Ù‡¯Ô˜ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡: Flyvbjerg A. Role of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins in the renal complications of diabetes. Kidney Int 1997;52 (60 Suppl):S12-S19. Èڛ˜ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ·: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference.

Neurofibromatosis conference statement. Arch Neurol 1988;45:575-578. ¶ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ Ù‡Ô˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘: ∫Ô˘Ú›‰Ë˜ Ã, ∫Ô˘Ú›‰Ë˜ °. ¶·¯˘Û·ÚΛ· Î·È ˘ÂÚÏÈȉ·ÈÌ›· Û ·È‰È¿ ‚ÔÚÂÈÔ‰˘ÙÈ΋˜ ∫‡ÚÔ˘ [¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë]. 36Ô ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎfi ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈÔ; 1998 5-7 πÔ˘Ó›Ô˘; ¶¿ÊÔ˜, ∫‡ÚÔ˜;1998. ÛÂÏ. 172.

Schreiner GF, Lange L. Ethanol modulation of macrophage influx in glomerulonephritis [abstract].

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Should antileukotriene therapies be used instead of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma? [Editorial]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:1697-1701.

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II. µÈ‚Ï›· ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ Û ‚È‚Ï›Ô: Clark AG, Barratt TM. Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome. In: Barratt TM, Arner ED, Harmon WE, editors. Pediatric Nephrology. 4th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott William Wilkins; 1999. p. 742. ™‡ÁÁÚ·ÌÌ· ‹ ÌÔÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·: Gorlin RJ, Cohen MM, Levin LS. Syndromes of the head and neck. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990. ¢ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË Û ÙfiÌÔ Ú·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ: Bauer AW. The two definitions of bacterial resistance. In: Smith AJ, Rogers CA, eds. Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Chemotherapy; 1962 May 29-31; New York: International Society of Chemotherapy; 1963. p. 484-500.

¶›Ó·Î˜ Î·È ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ AÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ÂȘ ÙÚÈÏÔ‡Ó (¤Ó· ÚˆÙfiÙ˘Ô+‰‡Ô ʈÙÔ·ÓÙ›ÁÚ·Ê·). ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ï¿ÙÔ˜ ›ÛÔ Ì ÙÔ Ï¿ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓfiÛÙËÏÔ˘ (8 cm) ‹ Ì ÙÔ Ï¿ÙÔ˜ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ ÛÂÏ›‰·˜ (16,8 cm). TÔ Ì¤ÁÈÛÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜, Ì·˙› Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ù›ÙÏÔ˘˜, ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi 22 cm.

OÈ ›Ó·Î˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ·Ú·‚ÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Ì ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ô˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Î›ÌÂÓÔ. ¶ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ‚Ú·¯‡ Ù›ÙÏÔ Î·È ÂÂÍ‹ÁËÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÙÌ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙÔ Î¿Ùˆ ̤ÚÔ˜. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ›Ó·Î˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ Î¿ıÂÙ˜ ÁÚ·Ì̤˜. ŸÏÔ ÙÔ ·ÂÈÎÔÓÈÛÙÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi (Û¯‹Ì·Ù·, ‰È·ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·, ʈÙÔÁڷʛ˜, ÎÏ.) ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜. £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ¿ÚÈÛÙ˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ì ÌÔÚÊ‹ ʈÙÔÁÚ·ÊÈÒÓ ‹ Î·È ÚˆÙÔÙ‡ˆÓ. ™ÙÔ ›Ûˆ ̤ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÌÔχ‚È Ô ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ¤Ó· ‚¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Ó· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙÔ ¿Óˆ ̤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜. ™ÙȘ ʈÙÔÁڷʛ˜ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜. OÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÔÓÔÌ·ÛÙÈο. ¶ÚÈÓ ·ÔÛÙ›ÏÂÙ ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›· Û·˜ ‚‚·Èˆı›Ù fiÙÈ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ: - ÂÈÛÙÔÏ‹ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ - ‰‹ÏˆÛË ÌË ÚÔÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚ˘ ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ - 3 ·ÓÙ›ÁÚ·Ê· ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ - ÛÂÏ›‰· Ù›ÙÏÔ˘ (¯ˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ÛÂÏ›‰·): ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ - Ù›ÙÏÔ Î·È ‚Ú·¯‡ Ù›ÙÏÔ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ - fiÓÔÌ· Î·È ÂÒÓ˘ÌÔ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ (ÔÏÔÁڿʈ˜), ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi/¿ ΤÓÙÚÔ/· fiÔ˘ ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë ÂÚÁ·Û›· - fiÓÔÌ·, ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È ÙËϤʈÓÔ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ· ÁÈ· ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›· - ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋-·ÁÁÏÈ΋, ϤÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ (‰ÈÏfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· - ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ÛÂÏ›‰·) - ηٿÏÔÁÔ Û˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁÚ·ÊÈÒÓ (‰ÈÏfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· - ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ÛÂÏ›‰·) - ΛÌÂÓÔ (‰ÈÏfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· - ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ÛÂÏ›‰·) - ¢¯·ÚÈÛٛ˜ ‹ ·Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÂȘ (·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ Û ÂȉÔÙ‹ÛÂȘ-¯ÔÚËÁ›Â˜ ‹ ¿ÏϘ ËÁ¤˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢) - ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· (‰ÈÏfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· - ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ÛÂÏ›‰·) - ›Ó·Î˜ (Ô Î·ı¤Ó·˜ Û ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ÛÂÏ›‰·) ÂȘ ÙÚÈÏÔ‡Ó - ÂÈÎfiÓ˜, Ì ‚¤ÏÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ›Ûˆ ̤ÚÔ˜ Ó· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÚÔ˜ Ù· Â¿Óˆ, ·ÚÈıÌË̤Ó˜, ÂȘ ÙÚÈÏÔ‡Ó - Ù›ÙÏÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ (‰ÈÏfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· - Ô Î·ı¤Ó·˜ Û ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ‹ ÛÂÏ›‰·) ÂȘ ÙÚÈÏÔ‡Ó.

¢È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÈ‚‹: ¡ÙÔ˘ÓÙÔ˘Ï¿Î˘ π. ∏ ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ÂÍ·ÚıÚ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÈÛ¯›Ô˘ Û ·È‰È¿ οو ÙÔ˘ ÂÓfi˜ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ [‰È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÈ‚‹]. ∞ı‹Ó·: ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∞ıËÓÒÓ; 1979.

Kaplan SJ. Post hospital home health care: the elderly’s access and utilization [dissertation]. St. Louis (Mo): Washington Univ.; 1995.

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Aƒ£ƒO ™À¡∆∞•∏™

¶Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ˜ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·: ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Â›Ó·È Û·Ê¤˜ ÛÙȘ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∞. ™˘ÚÔÁÈ·ÓÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜

G.A. Syrogiannopoulos.

Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to antibiotics in Greece: the problem is real in respiratory infections. Paediatriki 2000;63:353-355. ● Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae in Greece is the most common etiologic factor for bacterial pneumonia, acute otitis media and sinusitis. Studies performed at our center during the period 1995-1999 revealed that, in 2,789 pre-school aged children examined, the carriage rate in the nasopharynx of antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly increased. Similar findings have been reported by other investigators in Greece and abroad. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae is resistant to different groups of antibiotics, of particular interest, from the clinical point of view, is its resistance to penicillin and Erythromycin. From the epidemiologic and therapeutic aspect, the degree of resistance to Penicillin has been classified internationally to those species with intermediate MIC (defined as minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.0121Ìg/ml) and those with high MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration ≥2Ìg/ml). It should be emphasized that species with intermediate MIC to Penicillin are of significant clinical importance since they are difficult to eradicate and may cause persistence or even deterioration of the clinical symptoms. Furthermore,

™ÙË ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜ Ô Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚÔ ·›ÙÈÔ ÌÈÎÚԂȷ΋˜ Ó¢ÌÔÓ›·˜, ̤Û˘ ˘Ò‰Ô˘˜ ˆÙ›Ùȉ·˜ Î·È ·Ú·ÚÚÈÓÔÎÔÏ›Ùȉ·˜. ™Â ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Á›ÓÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ¶·ÙÚÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· 19951999, ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÛ·Ì fiÙÈ Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎˆÓ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο (1-3). ∆· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ô˘ ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·ÔÌÔÓÒıËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙÔÓ ÚÈÓÔÊ¿-

species with intermediate MIC to Penicillin demonstrate equal resistance to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, and even greater resistance to certain oral cephalosporins, particularly those that belong to the 3rd generation drugs. The problem of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to antibiotics is a real problem in respiratory tract infections in Greece as evidenced, among other factors, by the increasing difficulty in treating effectively acute pyogenic otitis media which often forces the pediatricians to double the regular dose of Amoxicillin. In Greece, the resistance to Penicillin in respiratory infections ranges between 17-29% while resistance to Erythromycin and other macrolides is around 1819%. It must be stressed that in systemic infections, such as septicemia and meningitis, the resistance to Penicillin is much lower ranging between 3-5,5%. The use of heptavalent pneumonococcal conjugate vaccine in children is quite promising in the prevention of respiratory as well as other invasive infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the meantime, the pediatrician should avoid the unnecessary prescription of drugs which usually leads to the development of resistant organisms.

Key words: pneumonococcal resistance, antibiotics, respiratory infections.

Ú˘ÁÁ· 2.789 ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ (1-3). ∂›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi fiÙÈ Ù· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ô˘ ·ÔÌÔÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ÚÈÓÔÊ¿Ú˘ÁÁ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÔÌÔÈfiÙËÙ· Ì ÂΛӷ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ̤ÛË ˘Ò‰Ë ˆÙ›Ùȉ· (4,5). ÕÏψÛÙÂ, Ë ·Ï‹ ÌÂٷΛÓËÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÚÈÓÔÊ¿Ú˘ÁÁ· Û ÛÙ›Ú˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È ÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÎfi Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi ·ıÔÁ¤ÓÂÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎÔÎÎÈÎÒÓ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡.

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¢‡Ô ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯È΋ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿˜ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎˆÓ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ÛÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ, ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ¤ÁÈÓ ۷ʤ˜ Î·È ·fi ¿ÏϘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ·ÏÏ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·.

O Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ Û ÔÏϤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈÎÒÓ. π‰È·›ÙÂÚË ÛËÌ·Û›· ÛÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ Ú¿ÍË ¤¯ÂÈ Ë ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ˘ıÚÔÌ˘Î›ÓË. ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË Ù· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ù·ÍÈÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂӉȿÌÂÛË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ Î·È Û ·˘Ù¿ Ì ˘„ËÏ‹. ø˜ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎÔ˘ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·˘Ù¿, Ù· ÔÔ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ·Ó·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈ΋ ˘ÎÓfiÙËÙ· (minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC) 0,012-1 Ìg/ml (ÂӉȿÌÂÛË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹) Î·È ·˘Ù¿ Ì ˘„ËÏ‹ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ fiÙ·Ó Ë MIC Â›Ó·È ≥2 Ìg/ml. ∏ Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË ·˘Ù‹, ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹, ¤¯ÂÈ Î·ıÈÂÚˆı› ÁÈ· ÂȉËÌÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜. ŒÓ· ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÈÎfi Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ Ù›ıÂÙ·È, Â›Ó·È Ì‹ˆ˜ Ù· ·ÓıÂÎÙÈο ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ì ÂӉȿÌÂÛË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È ·Ï¿ ¤Ó· ‡ÚËÌ· Ì ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·Ú¿ Ì ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ. ∏ ·¿ÓÙËÛË Â›Ó·È ÍÂοı·ÚË: Ù· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ì ÂӉȿÌÂÛË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÛËÌ·Û›·. ∆Ô ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô ·˘Ùfi ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·fi ηϿ ÙÂÎÌËÚȈ̤Ó˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜, ȉ›ˆ˜ Û ÔÍ›· ̤ÛË ˘Ò‰Ë ˆÙ›Ùȉ· (4-7). ∆· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ì ÂӉȿÌÂÛË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË Û˘¯Ó¿ Û˘Ó‰¤ÔÓÙ·È Ì ·‰˘Ó·Ì›· ÂÎÚ›˙ˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔ ·˘Ù› Î·È ÂÈÌÔÓ‹ ‹ Î·È Âȉ›ӈÛË ÙˆÓ ÎÏÈÓÈÎÒÓ Â˘ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ˆÙ›Ùȉ·˜ (5-7). ™ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÁÓÔ› ηÓ›˜ fiÙÈ Ù· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ì ÂӉȿÌÂÛË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó¿ÏÔÁÔ Â›Â‰Ô ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙËÓ ·ÌÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÌÔ͢ÎÈÏÏ›ÓË, ÂÓÒ Ë ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È Û·ÊÒ˜ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÎÂÊ·ÏÔÛÔÚ›Ó˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ·, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· Û ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÙÚ›ÙË ÁÂÓÈ¿ (5,7). ªÂÙ¿ ·fi ÌÈ· ·Ú¯È΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ‰˘ÛÈÛÙ›·˜ Î·È ·ÌÊÈ‚ÔÏÈÒÓ, Â›Ó·È Ôχ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ Ó· ·ÚÓËı› ηÓ›˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· fiÙÈ Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ·˘ÍËı› Ë ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ. ∏ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ ·˘Ù‹ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∆Ô fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎÔ˘ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ‰‡Ô ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ı¤Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∏ Ì›· ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô˘ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÙË ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ ÛÙÔÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi ¯ÒÚÔ (2,3,8,9). OˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‰È·Î‡Ì·ÓÛË ÛÙÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ٷ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËÎÂ: ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Î·È ËÏÈΛ· ·È‰ÈÒÓ, ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ·È‰ÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙ·ıÌÔ‡, ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ Î·È ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ· (1-3,8,9).

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∏ ¿ÏÏË ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜ Â›Ó·È Ë Û·Ê‹˜ ÂÌÂÈÚ›· ÙˆÓ ·È‰È¿ÙÚˆÓ ·fi ÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ Ú¿ÍË. ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÔÈ ·È‰›·ÙÚÔÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÛÂÈ ÂÌÊ·Ó‹ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÙˆÓ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡. ∏ ˆÙ›Ùȉ·, Ë Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚË Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ Ïԛ̈ÍË ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡, ıÂÚ·‡ÂÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ì ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ·fi fi,ÙÈ ÚÈÓ ·fi ÌÂÚÈο ¯ÚfiÓÈ·. ∂›Ó·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ Ó· ·ÚÓËı› ηÓ›˜ fiÙÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ 1999 Ë ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ̤Û˘ ˘Ò‰Ô˘˜ ˆÙ›Ùȉ·˜ ‹Ù·Ó Û·ÊÒ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏfiÙÂÚË ·fi fi,ÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÚÔ 5 ‹ 10 ÂÙÒÓ. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, Ë ·ÌÔ͢ÎÈÏÏ›ÓË, ÎÏ·ÛÛÈÎfi ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈÎfi ·’ ÂÎÏÔÁ‹˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ. ∏ ·Ú¯È΋ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ‹Ù·Ó 30-50 mg/kg ËÌÂÚËÛ›ˆ˜. ™‹ÌÂÚ· Ô ŒÏÏËÓ·˜ ·È‰›·ÙÚÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù·ÓÔ‹ÛÂÈ fiÙÈ Û˘¯Ó¿ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘Âڂ› ÙËÓ ·ÓÒÙÂÚË ‰fiÛË Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ·. Ÿˆ˜ Î·È ÛÙȘ ∏¶∞ Î·È ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ¯ÒÚ˜ Ì ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎˆÓ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο, Ë Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË Ù˘ ·ÌÔ͢ÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘ ÎÈÓÂ›Ù·È ϤÔÓ Û ·˘Ùfi Ô˘ ·Ï¿ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙ÂÙ·È "‰ÈÏ‹ ‰fiÛË ·ÌÔ͢ÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘". ∏ ËÌÂÚ‹ÛÈ· ‰fiÛË ·ÌÔ͢ÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘ 60-80 mg/kg, Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Î·È 90 mg/kg ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ, ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ô ·È‰›·ÙÚÔ˜ ·Ó·Áο˙ÂÙ·È Û˘¯Ó¿ Ó· ÚÔÛʇÁÂÈ. ∫·È Â›Ó·È ·Ó·ÌÊ›‚ÔÏÔ fiÙÈ Ë ‰ÈÏ‹ ‰fiÛË Ù˘ ·ÌÔ͢ÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘ ‰ÂÓ ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ Ô‡Ù ÛÙÔÓ ·ÈÌfiÊÈÏÔ Ù˘ ÈÓÊÏÔ˘¤ÓÙ˙·˜ Ô‡Ù ÛÙËÓ ÌÔڷͤÏÏ· ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÚÚÔ˚΋. O ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Â›Ó·È Û·Ê‹˜: Ô Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ˜. ¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÛÙÔȯ›· ·fi ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Ù· ÔÔ›· Ó· ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿˜ ·ıÔÁfiÓˆÓ ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡, ·ÈÌfiÊÈÏÔ˘ Î·È ÌÔڷͤÏÏ·˜, Ô˘ ·Ú¿ÁÔ˘Ó ‚-Ï·ÎÙ·Ì¿ÛË. ∏ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÈÌfiÊÈÏÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÌÔڷͤÏÏ·˜ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÂÓÙ·ÂÙ›· ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ Û ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ Â›‰·. ¶Èı·ÓfiÓ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ó· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·È ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÔÛÔÛÙÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ·ÈÌfiÊÈÏÔ˘ Ô˘ ·Ú¿ÁÔ˘Ó ‚-Ï·ÎÙ·Ì¿ÛË.

OˆÛ‰‹ÔÙÂ, Ë ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË ‰ÂÓ Êı¿ÓÂÈ Ù· Â›‰· Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ¯ÒÚ˜ fiˆ˜ Ë °·ÏÏ›· Î·È Ë πÛ·Ó›·, fiÔ˘ Ë ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÈ ‹ Î·È ÍÂÂÚÓ¿ ÙÔ 50% (4). ™ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰· Ù· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ô˘ ·ÔÌÔÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ÚÈÓÔÊ¿Ú˘ÁÁ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔ ·˘Ù›, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Ù˘ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi 17 ¤ˆ˜ 29% (1,2,8). ∆Ô ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·ÔÌÔÓˆı› ·fi ·È‰È¿ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ô˘ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Û·Ó ·È‰ÈÎfi ÛÙ·ıÌfi ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ· (1). ∏ ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈÎÒÓ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· Ó· ·ÔÈÎÈÛÙ› ÙÔ ·È‰› Î·È Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÂÈ Ïԛ̈ÍË ·fi ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎfi ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο

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Û٤ϯԘ (5,9,10). ∏ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ˘ıÚÔÌ˘Î›ÓË Î·È ÙȘ ¿ÏϘ Ì·ÎÚÔÏ›‰Â˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁ›˙ÂÙ·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Û 1819% (1,3,8). ∏ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Û ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ·fi Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ. OÈ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ, fiˆ˜ Ë ÌÈÎÚÔ‚È·ÈÌ›· Î·È Ë ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·, ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È Û ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë Ô˘ Û˘¯Ó¿ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÔÚfiÙ˘Ô˘˜ Ì ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ‚·ıÌfi ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο. ™ÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·, ÙÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ Ì ÌÂÚÈ΋ ‹ Ï‹ÚË ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›ÓË Ô˘ ·ÔÌÔÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÌÈÎÚÔ‚È·ÈÌ›· ‹ ÌËÓÈÁÁÁ›Ùȉ· ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi 3 ¤ˆ˜ 5,5%. £· Ú¤ÂÈ ‚¤‚·È· Ó· ‰È·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Î¿ÔÈ· ÂÈʇϷÍË ÛÙÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ·˘Ùfi ‰ÈfiÙÈ Ô ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ ·fi Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ Â›Ó·È ÌÈÎÚfi˜. ∆Ô ÂÙ·‰‡Ó·ÌÔ Û˘˙¢Á̤ÓÔ ÂÌ‚fiÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎÔ˘, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·Ï‡ÙÂÈ 7 Û˘¯ÓÔ‡˜, Î·È Ì ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹ ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο, ÔÚfiÙ˘Ô˘˜ ˘fiÛ¯ÂÙ·È Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ·. OÈ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó Ôχ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÂÈÛ‰˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ÏÔÈÌÒ͈Ó, ÌÈÈÎÚÔ‚È·ÈÌ›·˜ Î·È ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË Ù˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ˆÙ›Ùȉ·˜ (11,12). ∫·Ù·ÓÔÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ù˘ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÔÎfiÎÎÔ˘, Ô ·È‰›·ÙÚÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ Ó· ÙÚÔÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ¿ÌÂÛ· ÙË Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË, ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎÔË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÓÙÈÌÈÎÚԂȷ΋˜ ·ÁˆÁ‹˜.

µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Syrogiannopoulos GA, Grivea IN, Beratis NG, Spiliopoulou AE, Fasola EL, Bajaksouzian S, et al.

Resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriers attending day-care centers in Southwestern Greece. Clin Infect Dis 1997;25:188-194.

2. Syrogiannopoulos GA, Grivea IN, Katopodis GD, Geslin P, Jacobs MR, Beratis NG. Carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Greek infants and toddlers.

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2000;19:288-293.

3. Syrogiannopoulos GA, Grivea IN, Davies TA, Katopodis GD, Appelbaum PC, Beratis NG. Antimicrobial use and colonization with erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Greece during the first 2 years of life. Clin Infect Dis 2000. In press.

∞ÓıÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·

4. Cohen R, Levy C, Boucherat M, Langue J, Autret E, Gehanno P, et al. Five vs. ten days of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:458-463.

5. Dagan R, Leibovitz E, Leiberman A, Yagupsky P. Clinical significance of antibiotic resistance in acute otitis media and implication of antibiotic treatment on carriage and spread of resistant organisms. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:S57-65.

6. Dagan R, Johnson C, McLinn S, Abughalli N, Feris J, Leibovitz E, et al. Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate vs. azithromycin in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:95-104.

7. Dagan R, Leibovitz E, Fliss DM, Leiberman A, Jacobs MR, Craig W, et al. Bacteriological efficecies of oral azithromycin and oral cefaclor in treatment of acute otitis media in infants and young children. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 2000; 44:43-50.

8. °Îڤη ¶, ∫·Ú·Ì¤ÙÔ˜ ∞, ¢·ÛηϿÎË ∂, ÷Ù˙ËÁˆÚÁ›Ô˘ ¢, •ËÚÔ˘¯¿ÎË ∂, ª·Ó‰·Ú¿Î· ∞ Î·È Û˘Ó. ∂ÈÔÏ·ÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ·ÓÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Streptococcus pneumoniae ηٿ ÙÔ 1998 ÛÙËÓ ∞ÙÙÈ΋ [¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë]. 25Ô ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ π·ÙÚÈÎfi ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈÔ; ª·˝Ô˘; ∞ı‹Ó·; 1999.

9. ∆ÛÔÏÈ¿ ª, ∫Ô˘¿ÚË °, ∑·ÊÂÈÚÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ ∞, °·‚Ú›ÏË ™, ∆ÛÈÚ¤· ª, ∫·ÊÂÙ˙‹˜ ¢ Î·È Û˘Ó. ∞ÔÈÎÈÛÌfi˜ Ì Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎfi ÛÙ· ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ˘ÁÈÒÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ·È‰ÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÙ·ıÌÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓÒÓ. [¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë].

37Ô ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎfi ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈÔ, £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË, 1999.

10. Guillemot D, Carbon C, Balkau B, Geslin P, Lecoeur H, Kervroëdan-Vauzelle F, et al. Low dosage and long treatment duration of ‚-lactam: risk factors for carriage of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. JAMA 1998;279: 365-370.

11. Black S, Shinefield H, Fireman B, Lewis E, Ray P, Hansen JR, et al. Efficacy, safety and immunogenecity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children.

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:187-195.

12. Eskola J, Kilpi T. Potential of bacterial vaccines in the prevention of acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000; 19:S72-78.

°. ∞. ™˘ÚÔÁÈ·ÓÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹˜ ∫·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ¶·ÙÚÒÓ

355

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N¤Â˜ Ù¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÚÔÔÙÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ÌÔÓ¿‰· ÂÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ MÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘

● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: TÔ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ ·È‰› Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ¢¿ÏˆÙÔ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ˘ÔıÚ„›·˜ Î·È ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÓÔÛËÚfiÙËÙ· Î·È ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·. H ·ÚÔ‡Û· ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Û˘ÓÔ„›˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ ÛÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÓÔÛËχÔÓÙ·È Û ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ ÂÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ (ME£). AÓÂ·Ú΋˜ ÚfiÛÏË„Ë ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÔÍ›·˜ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋˜ ıÂÚÌȉÈ΋˜ ˘ÔıÚ„›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÂÈÒÓ Ù˘. AÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û ÂÈ‚¿Ú˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È Ó· ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ ÚfiÛıÂÙ˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜. OÈ ıÂÚÌȉÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ ‚·ÚÈ¿ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ÙÈ̤˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡. H ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ME£ Â›Ó·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô Ù˘ ¤ÌÌÂÛ˘ ıÂÚÌȉÔÌÂÙÚ›·˜. H Î¿Ï˘„Ë ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ Ì ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ (O¶¢) ÂȯÂÈÚÂ›Ù·È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ·‰‡Ó·ÙË Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË. A˘Ùfi ‰ÈfiÙÈ Ë O¶¢ ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ Î·È ÌÂÈÔÓÂÎÙ‹Ì·Ù· ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Ù˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ (ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ, ÎfiÛÙÔ˜, ˘ÂÚÛ›ÙÈÛË). T·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ·, ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù· ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÚÓËÙÈο ÙË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ô‰ËÁÒÓÙ·˜ Û ·ÙÚÔÊ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘, Î·È ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ‰È·ÂÚ·ÙfiÙËÙ· Û ÌÈÎÚfi‚È· Î·È Ì·ÎÚÔÌfiÚÈ· fiˆ˜ ÔÈ ÂÓ‰ÔÙÔ͛Ә.

H ¤ÁηÈÚË ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ‰Ú· ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈο ÛÙÔÓ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎfi ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ, ÚÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ·ÒÙÂÚ˜ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ fiˆ˜ Ë ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·. ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ Ë ¤ÁηÈÚË ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ÌÂ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ÙˆÓ ‚·ÛÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ Ì ÂȉÈ΋ Ï‹ÚË ˘ÁÚ‹ ÙÚÔÊ‹ Â›Ó·È ÂÊÈÎÙ‹, ·ÛÊ·Ï‹˜ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ Û ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÓÔÛËχÔÓÙ·È Û ME£. ™ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ‡Û· ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Û˘˙ËÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È Â›Û˘ ÔÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·‰˘ı› ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ Û ‚·ÚÈ¿ ¿Û¯ÔÓÙ˜ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÔÛԉȷÙÚÔÊ‹. T¤Ïfi˜ Û˘˙ËÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÔÙÈΤ˜ Ù˘ ıÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ‚·ÚÈ¿ ·Û¯fiÓÙˆÓ, Ì ·ÚÈ· ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊÈ΋ Ê·ÚÌ·ÎÔıÂÚ·›·. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:356-366. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ıÚ¤„Ë, ˘ÔıÚ„›·, ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË, ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹, ·ÓÔÛԉȷÙÚÔÊ‹, ÎÚ›ÛÈÌË ÓfiÛÔ˜.

G. Briassoulis. New trends and perspectives in the nutritional needs of critically ill children in intensive care. Paediatriki 2000;63:356-366. ● Abstract: Critically ill children are at increased risk for malnutrition in addition to their short-term morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes recent developments in the field of clinical nutrition concerning paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. Both over- and underfeeding should be avoided: hypercaloric nutrition increases the physiologic load imposed on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and may induce dangerous metabolic side effects, whereas prolonged underfeeding results in malnutrition and its consequences.

Limited studies in children under stress, using equations presently available, grossly overestimate the measured energy expenditure, and if applied would result in significant overfeeding in many patients. Indirect calorimetry shows that actual energy expenditure during stress is closer to and, in many patients, lower than the predicted basal metabolic rate. Critical illness can also adversely affect gastrointestinal function and is associated with gut atrophy and increased mucosal permeability to bacteria and macromolecules such as endotoxins. Early poststress enteral nutrition is well tolerated, preserves the integrity of the gut mucosa, reduces bacterial translocation, and stimulates the host defense mechanism. Failure to establish enteral feeding in the critically ill often leads to MÔÓ¿‰· EÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜, NÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ¶·›‰ˆÓ "AÁ›· ™ÔÊ›·", Aı‹Ó·

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total parenteral nutrition (TPN) which is associated with a greater risk of septic morbidity and mortality, danger of overfeeding and increased expense. Early enteral nutrition is effective in achieving increased nutrient intake, improved overall nutritional status and better outcome than TPN in most critically ill children. The development of enteral formulas with possible immunologic as well as nutritional properties is discussed. Future trends in nutritional support, including that of nutritional pharmacotherapy, are also considered.

Key words: nutrition, malnutrition, enteral feeding, total parenteral nutrition, immunonutrtion, critical illness.

AÏÏËÏÂ›‰Ú·ÛË ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ - ıÚ¤„˘ Û ·È‰È¿ ™ÙËÓ ÔÍ›· Ê¿ÛË ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘, fiϘ ÔÈ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ Û ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈΤ˜ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ηχÙÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙË ‰È¿Û·ÛË Û‡ÌÏÔÎˆÓ ÊˆÛÊÔÚÈÎÒÓ ÂÓÒÛÂˆÓ ˘„ËÏ‹˜ ÂÓÂÚÁÂȷ΋˜ ·fi‰ÔÛ˘, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ÙÚÈʈÛÊÔÚÈ΋˜ ·‰ÂÓÔÛ›Ó˘ (ATP). T· Û‡ÌÏÔη ·˘Ù¿ ‰È·ÛÒÓÙ·È Û ˘„ËÏfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi (·ÛÙ·ı‹) Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ ·ÔıË·ÔÓÙ·È. ™Â οı ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓË ÛÙÈÁÌ‹ ÙÔ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ ÛÒÌ· ÂÚȤ¯ÂÈ ATP ÈηÓfi Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ÁÈ· οÔÈ· ÏÂÙ¿ ÌfiÓÔ, ··ÈÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‰È·Ú΋ Û‡ÓıÂÛË ATP ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌËÓ ˘¿ÚÍÂÈ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·Îfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· (1). TÚÂȘ Ù¿ÍÂȘ ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ (˘‰·Ù¿ÓıڷΘ, ÚˆÙ½Ó˜, Ï›Ë) Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ·ÔıË΢ıÔ‡Ó Î·È Ó· ÔÍÂȉˆıÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ Û‡ÓıÂÛË ATP. E¿Ó ÔÈ ··Ú·›ÙËÙ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÂÓÂÚÁÂȷΤ˜ ËÁ¤˜ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘, Ô ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ ·Ó·Áο˙ÂÙ·È Ó· ηٷӷÏÒÛÂÈ ÙȘ ıÚÂÙÈΤ˜ Ô˘Û›Â˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔıË·ÛÂÈ, ηٷ‚ÔÏ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙË ÛˆÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÚˆÙ½ÓË Î·È ÙÔ Ï›Ô˜, Êı¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÛÙÔÓ ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓÔ ·˘ÙÔηÓÓÈ‚·ÏÈÛÌfi (2).

TÔ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ ·È‰› Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ¢¿ÏˆÙÔ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋˜ ÂÓÂÚÁÂȷ΋˜ ˘ÔıÚ„›·˜ (¶EY). H ·ÔÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ, ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÙȘ ·˘ÍË̤Ó˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏ› ÙÔ stress Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ ·È‰›. K·È ·˘Ùfi ÁÈ·Ù› ÙÔ ·È‰› Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Ù˘ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ Ì ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ÌÂȈ̤ӷ ÂÓÂÚÁÂȷο ·Ôı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÙÔ˘ ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÔ˘Ó ·ÓÙÈÚÚfiÈÛË Û ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÛÔ‚·Ú‹˜ ÓfiÛÔ˘, fiˆ˜ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ. K·Ù¿ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙÔ ·È‰› Â›Ó·È ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓÔ Î·Ù¿ ¤Ó· ·fiÏ˘ÙÔ ÙÚfiÔ ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ (3). ŒÙÛÈ ÂÍËÁÂ›Ù·È ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ 63% ÙˆÓ ‚·ÚÈ¿ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·Ó ÂÎÙfi˜ ÎÈÓ‰‡ÓÔ˘ ˘ÔıÚ„›·˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË MÔÓ¿‰· EÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜ (ME£) (Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË Î·Ù¿ Waterlow). ™ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÛÙÔ 53% ‚Ú¤ıËΠ̤ÙÚÈÔ ‹ ÛÔ‚·Úfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ (¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· <80% ‹ <60%, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·, ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔÓ ‰Â›ÎÙË ÎÚ·ÙÈÓ›Ó˘/‡„Ô˘˜) (4). I‰È·›ÙÂÚ·, ·È‰È¿ Ì ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ ÓfiÛËÌ· ¤Êı·Û·Ó Û ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜ ̤۷ Û 3

™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ ATP ¶EY ME£ ¶BM ¶KE VO2 VCO2 RQ O¶¢ OE¢ M¶¢ MCT LCT rGH IGF-1 NB OFR

TÚÈʈÛÊÔÚÈ΋ ·‰ÂÓÔÛ›ÓË ¶ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋-ÂÓÂÚÁÂȷ΋ ˘ÔıÚ„›· MÔÓ¿‰· EÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜ ¶ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ‚·ÛÈÎfi˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ ¶ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓË Î·Ù·Ó¿ÏˆÛË ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ K·Ù·Ó¿ÏˆÛË Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘ ¶·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ‰ÈÔÍÂȉ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÓıÚ·ÎÔ˜ AÓ·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎfi (·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ) ËÏ›ÎÔ OÏÈ΋ ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ OÏÈ΋ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ MÂÚÈ΋ ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ TÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚ›‰È· ̤Û˘ ·Ï‡ÛÔ˘ TÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚ›‰È· Ì·ÎÚ¿˜ ·Ï‡ÛÔ˘ AÓ·Û˘Ó‰˘·Ṳ̂ÓË ·˘ÍËÙÈ΋ ÔÚÌfiÓË ¶·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›Ó˘ IÛÔ˙‡ÁÈÔ ·˙ÒÙÔ˘ EχıÂÚ˜ Ú›˙˜ Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘

Ë̤Ú˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÙÔ˘ stress, Î·È Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· Û ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÛÔ‚·Ú‹˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜, ÂÊ fiÛÔÓ Ë Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË stress Û˘Ó¯È˙fiÙ·Ó (ÌË ·ÓÙÈÚÚfiÈÛË, ÓfiÛÔ˜ Û ÂͤÏÈÍË). E›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi ·fi ÔÏϤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ fiÙÈ Ë ˘ÔıÚ„›· Û ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Ì ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÓÔÛËÚfiÙËÙ·, ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· Î·È ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙÔÏ‹ (5).

OÈ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙË Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ stress ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓÒÓ ÌÂÛÔÏ·‚ËÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ stress (6). ŒÙÛÈ, Ë ÈÓÙÂÚÏ¢ΛÓË-6 ‰Ú· Û˘ÓÂÚÁÈο Ì ٷ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉ‹, ‰ÈÂÁ›ÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ ÔÍ›·˜ Ê¿Û˘. (7). ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·‚ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ Ù˘ ¤ÓÙ·Û˘ (‹ ·ÓÙÈ-Ú˘ıÌÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ, counter-regularory), ‰ÈÂÁ›ÚÂÙ·È ÙÔ Û˘Ì·ıËÙÈÎfi Ó¢ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·, Ì ÙÂÏÈ΋ Èı·Ó‹ Û˘ÓÈÛٷ̤ÓË ÌÈ· "˘ÂÚÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË". AÎfiÌË Î·È ·Ô˘Û›· ıÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢, ηıÒ˜ Û ÔÏϤ˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÔÍ›· Ê¿ÛË ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ Ì ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ӷ Ì ËÏÂÎÙÚÔχÙ˜ ˘‰·ÙÈο ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘, ‰ÔÌÈο ˘ÔÛÙÚÒÌ·Ù· ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚÔ‡Ó Û ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ˘˜ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡˜ (·˘ÙÔηÓÓÈ‚·ÏÈÛÌfi˜) ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ stress (8). EÈÚfiÛıÂÙ·, Ë ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ·ÏÏËÏÂ›‰Ú·ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÌÂÛÔÏ·‚ËÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ stress ÛÙÔ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi Î·È Ë ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏË

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¤ÎÊÚ·ÛË Ù˘ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ˘ ηٿ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÔÚÌÔÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÔÍ›· Ê¿ÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi˜ ·Ó·‚ÔÏÈÎÒ˜ ‰ÚÒÓÙˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Ë ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›ÓË, Î·È Î·Ù·‚ÔÏÈÎÒ˜ ‰ÚÒÓÙˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Ë ÎÔÚÙÈ˙fiÓË Î·È ÔÈ Î·Ù¯ÔϷ̛Ә, ÂÍËÁÔ‡Ó Ù· ÔÈΛϷ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈο ÚfiÙ˘· Ô˘ ·ÔÙ˘ÒıËÎ·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÌÈ·˜ ÛÔ‚·Ú‹˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ stress ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Û ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË. ◊‰Ë ηٿ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ë̤ڷ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ stress, 48,6% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‹Ù·Ó ˘ÔÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈο, 40,5% ÓÔÚÌÔÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈο Î·È ÌfiÓÔ 10,8% ˘ÂÚÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈο (4). H ›‰È· Ë ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË ÛÙÔ stress ÂÍ¿ÏÏÔ˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË Ù˘ ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (9).

AÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ˘ÔÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎfi (ÌÂÙÚËı›۷ ηٷӿψÛË ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô Ù˘ ¤ÌÌÂÛ˘ ıÂÚÌȉÔÌÂÙÚ›·˜ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚË ÙÔ˘ 90% ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓÔ˘ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ (¶BM)) ‹ ˘ÂÚÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎfi (ÌÂÙÚËı›۷ ηٷӿψÛË ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô Ù˘ ¤ÌÌÂÛ˘ ıÂÚÌȉÔÌÂÙÚ›·˜ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÙÔ˘ 110% ÙÔ˘ ¶BM) ÚfiÙ˘Ô Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ë̤ڷ, ›¯·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· Û˘ÁÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓË Ì ÂΛÓË ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ÓÔÚÌÔÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi. I‰È·›ÙÂÚ·, Ô Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi˜ ΛӉ˘ÓÔ˜ ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ˘ÔÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô ‹Ù·Ó 6,27 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˜. £ÂÚÌȉÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ OÈ Û˘ÓÈÛÙÒÌÂÓ˜ ËÌÂÚ‹ÛȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÁÈ· ·Ó·Ï‹ÚˆÛË ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ Û ·È‰È¿ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚·ÛÈÛı› Û ÂÎÙÂٷ̤Ó˜ ıÂÚÌȉÔÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ fï˜ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Û ˘ÁÈ‹ ¿ÙÔÌ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ stress (10). ™Â ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ, ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê› ÌÈ· ˘ÂÚÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË Û ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ÓfiÛÔ ‹ ÙÚ·‡Ì· Ë ÔÔ›· Û·ÊÒ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi Û ‹ÚÂÌË, ¯ˆÚ›˜ stress, ηٿÛÙ·ÛË (11).

H ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ·ÚfiÌÔȘ ·ıÔÊ˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ıÂÚÌȉÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ηıÔÚÈÛı›. °È· ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ë ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓË ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· Û ·È‰È¿ Û stress ¤¯ÂÈ ÚÔÛÂÁÁÈÛı› ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ Ù‡Ô˘˜ ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓ˘ ηٷӿψÛ˘ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ (¶KE), ‰ÈÔÚıˆÌ¤ÓÔ˘˜ ηٿ ÙÔÓ ÂÎÙÈÌËı¤ÓÙ· ‚·ıÌfi stress (12). EÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, Ë ·ÎÚ›‚ÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÂÍÈÛÒÛÂˆÓ Úfi‚Ï„˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ stress Â›Ó·È ·ÌÊ›‚ÔÏË, Î·È Ë ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È Èı·Ófi Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û ϷÓı·Ṳ̂ӷ Û¯‹Ì·Ù· ıÚ¤„˘ ˘ÔÛÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ‹ ˘ÂÚÛÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ (13). AÓÂ·Ú΋˜ ÚfiÛÏË„Ë ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÔÍ›·˜ ¶EY, Î·È ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÓÔÛËÚfiÙËÙ·˜. AÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‰È·Ù·Ú·Á̤ÓË ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· Î·È Ó· ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ ÚfiÛıÂÙ˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ (14).

358

°. MÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘

™Â ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÚÔÔÙÈ΋ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË ·ԉ›¯ıËΠfiÙÈ Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù‡ˆÓ Úfi‚Ï„˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û stress, Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ·fi ÙȘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, Ô‰ËÁÒÓÙ·˜ Û ˘ÂÚÛÈÙÈÛÌfi ‹ ˘ÔÛÈÙÈÛÌfi Ì ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÂÈ‚¿Ú˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ (15). AÎfiÌË Î·È ÙÚÔÔÔÈË̤Ó˜ ÁÈ· ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ stress ÂÍÈÛÒÛÂȘ, Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Û ˘ÂÚÛ›ÙÈÛË ¤ˆ˜ Î·È 100% ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙˆÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ¶·Ú' fiÙÈ Ô ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ‚·ÛÈÎfi˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ÌÂÙÚËı›۷ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ηٿ 10%, ¿ÏϘ ÎÏÈÓÈÎÔ› ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔÈ, ·ÓıÚˆÔÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ, Î·È ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ıÚ¤„˘, Ú¤ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ˘fi„Ë Î·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ Î·ıÔÚÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û stress. °È· ÙË ÛˆÛÙ‹ ÂÔ̤ӈ˜, ıÂÚÌȉÈ΋ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ‚·ÚÈ¿ ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÓÔÛËχÔÓÙ·È Û ME£, ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Ë Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ̤ÙÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ. ™‹ÌÂÚ·, ̤ۈ Ù˘ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋˜ ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ›ˆÓ ÛÙË ÌÔÓ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘, VO2 Î·È VCO2, Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Ù˘ ηٷӿψÛ˘ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÍÂȉԇÌÂÓˆÓ ˘ÔÛÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ (16). TÔ Î¿ı ıÚÂÙÈÎfi ˘fiÛÙڈ̷ ÔÍÂȉÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÌÈ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ CO2 ÁÈ· O2. A˘Ù‹ Ë ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·Á‹ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ Û·Ó ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎfi ËÏ›ÎÔ (RQ).

OÏÈ΋ ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ TȘ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ˜ ıÂÚÌȉÈΤ˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ηٿÛÙ·ÛË stress ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û ı¤ÛË Ó· ÙȘ ηχ„Ô˘Ó ·Ï¿ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ Î·È ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÏ˘ÙÒÓ. ŒÙÛÈ, ÂÓÒ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ ÔÚÔ› ˘‰·Ù·ÓıÚ¿ÎˆÓ ·ÔÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÔ˘Ó Ó· ·Ó·ÛÙÚ¤„Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡˜ ÔÍ›‰ˆÛ˘ Ï›Ô˘˜ Î·È ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ, Ë O¶¢ Î·È OE¢ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ıÂÙÈο ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ·Ó·ÏËÚˆı¤ÓÙÔ˜/ ÔÍÂȉˆı¤ÓÙÔ˜ ˘ÔÛÙÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÔÓ·‰ÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ıÚ¤„˘ ÙˆÓ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ. OÈ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ·˘ÙÒÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ıÚ¤„˘ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1). M ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂȂ‚·Èˆı› Û ÔÏϤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜, Ë O¶¢ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‰È΋˜ ıÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ Û ·È‰È¿ Û stress, ÂΛ fiÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ·‰‡Ó·ÙË Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË (Â›ÌÔÓË ÌË ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓË ‰È¿ÚÚÔÈ·, ÂÈÏÂfi˜, ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ·fiÊÚ·ÍË, ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·Á›· ·ÓÒÙÂÚÔ˘ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡, ÌË ·ÓÙÈÚÚÔÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ shock).

H O¶¢ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û stress ÓÔÂ›Ù·È ¿ÓÙ· Ì ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ Ï‹ÚÔ˘˜ Î¿Ï˘„˘ ÙˆÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‹ ¤ÛÙˆ ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Î·È ˆ˜ ÁÓˆÛÙfiÓ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ˘‰·Ù·ÓıڿΈÓ, ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ, Ï›Ô˘˜, ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÏ˘ÙÒÓ, ÌÂÙ¿ÏψÓ, ȯÓÔÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Î·È ‚ÈÙ·ÌÈÓÒÓ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2).

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·359

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:356-366

¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ª∂£

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. ¢È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÔÏÈ΋˜ ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ (O¶¢) Î·È ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜.

E›‰Ú·ÛË O¶¢ EÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ™Ï·¯ÓÈ΋ ·ÈÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÚÔ‹

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M ÙËÓ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ·˘Ù‹, Ë Ï‹Ú˘ O¶¢ ηχÙÂÈ ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜. T· ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ 30% ¤ˆ˜ 50% ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ. ™ÙË Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ stress Ë ÁÏ˘Îfi˙Ë ‰ÂÓ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘ÂÚ‚·›ÓÂÈ Ù· 5-8 mg/kg/min ηıÒ˜ ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ˘‰·Ù·ÓıÚ¿ÎˆÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎfi stress ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÂÈÚfiÛıÂÙË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ·.

T· Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË ÈÔ ÔχÏÔη ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË, ηıÒ˜ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ (·ÔÊ˘Á‹ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ Ï›Ô˘˜ Û ÛË„·ÈÌ›· ‹ ÛÂ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ Ïԛ̈ÍË ·fi Candida, ·ÔÊ˘Á‹ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ Ï›Ô˘˜ ‹ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ Û Ë·ÙÈ΋ ‹ ÓÂÊÚÈ΋ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, Ù¯ÓÈÎÔ› ÏfiÁÔÈ), ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ӷ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÁÏ˘-

Ÿ¯È

Îfi˙˘ ÌfiÓ· ‹ ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ Û ÌÂÚÈ΋ ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ (M¶¢). ™Â ÌÈ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË, ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈο Ë VCO2 Î·È Û˘ÓÂÒ˜ Ë ıÂÚÌÔÁ¤ÓÂÛË, ÂÓÒ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Û ϛÔ˜ (ÏÈÔÁ¤ÓÂÛË). MfiÓË Ë ÁÏ˘Îfi˙Ë, ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛı‹ÎË ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ, ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·ÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÈ ÙË ÓÂÔÁÏ˘ÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÛË (Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ηٷ‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ Ì˘ÒÓ), ÂÓÒ Ë ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›Ó˘ ÂÚÈÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ÌÂÓ ÙËÓ ÚˆÙÂfiÏ˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÎÂÏÂÙÈÎÒÓ Ì˘ÒÓ, ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ fï˜ ÙÔÓ "ηÓÓÈ‚·ÏÈÛÌfi" ÙˆÓ Ï›ˆÓ Ì˘˚ÎÒÓ ÈÓÒÓ, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙËÓ ·ÙÚÔÊ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, Ë ÈÓÛÔ˘ÏÈÓÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·ÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÈ ÙË ‰È¿Û·ÛË ÙÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚȉ›ˆÓ (ηٷ‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ ·ÔıËÎÒÓ Ï›Ô˘˜). °È· ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜, ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ Î·È Ï›Ô˘˜

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2. AÏÔÔÈË̤ÓÔ Û¯‹Ì· O¶¢ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û stress. ¶ÚˆÙ½ÓË 1,5-3,5 g/kg/Ë̤ڷ ñ ™¯¤ÛË ÌË ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈÎÒÓ ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ: ·˙ÒÙÔ˘ = 80-150:1 ñ A‡ÍËÛË ·Ó·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ ñ M›ˆÛË ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋˜ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÁÈ· ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· (ÓÂÔÁÏ˘ÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÛË) ñ K¿Ï˘„Ë ··Ú·›ÙËÙˆÓ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ (ÈÛÔÏ¢ΛÓË, Ï¢ΛÓË, Ï˘Û›ÓË, ÌÂıÂÈÔÓ›ÓË, Ê·ÈÓ˘Ï·Ï·Ó›ÓË, ıÚÂÔÓ›ÓË, ÙÚ˘ÙÔÊ¿ÓË, ‚·Ï›ÓË) ñ K¿Ï˘„Ë ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›Ó˘, Ù·˘Ú›Ó˘ §›Ë (35-60%) 2-4 g/kg/ Ë̤ڷ ñ ¶˘ÎÓfi ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·Îfi ˘fiÛÙڈ̷ ñ K¿Ï˘„Ë ··Ú·›ÙËÙˆÓ ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ (Linoleic, linolenic) Y‰·Ù¿ÓıڷΘ (35-45%) ñ °Ï˘Îfi˙Ë 5-8 mg/kg/min HÏÂÎÙÚÔχÙ˜ M¤Ù·ÏÏ· - ȯÓÔÛÙÔȯ›· BÈٷ̛Ә

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SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·360

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:356-366

ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· Î·Ï˘ÊıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ıÂÚÌȉÈΤ˜ Î·È ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, fiÙ·Ó Ê˘ÛÈο ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë Î¿Ï˘„Ë ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ‰È· Ù˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Ô‰Ô‡.

E›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi fiÙÈ Ô ‰È·Ù·Ú·Á̤ÓÔ˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙÔ˘ stress, ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ Î·Ù·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi Î·È ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·¤ÎÎÚÈÛË ·˙ÒÙÔ˘. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Ë ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋ Û‡ÓıÂÛË ÛÙÔ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô (17). I‰È·›ÙÂÚ·, ÔÈ Ú›˙˜ ¿Óıڷη ÙˆÓ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ Î‡ÎÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚÈηڂÔ͢ÏÈÎÔ‡ ÔͤԘ, ÙË ÓÂÔÁÏ˘ÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÛË Î·È ÙË Û‡ÓıÂÛË ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ ÔÍ›·˜ Ê¿Û˘.

H ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·˘Ù‹ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋ ·Ó·Î‡ÎψÛË Î·È ·Ó·Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ Ù˘ ÚÔ‹˜ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ, ÛÙÔ¯Â‡Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÒÓ Î·È ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ·Ì˘ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡. ŒÙÛÈ, ÔÈ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Û ÚˆÙ½Ó˜ ·˘Í¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ¤ˆ˜ Î·È 300% ÛÙË Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ stress.

I‰È·›ÙÂÚ·, ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·Ù¿ Ôχ ÔÈ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÁÈ· ÙË ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË Î·È Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ù· ÚfiˆÚ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿, ÁÈ· ¿ÏÏ· ·ÌÈÓÔͤ· fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÂıÂÈÔÓ›ÓË, Ù·˘Ú›ÓË, ΢ÛÙ›ÓË Î·È Ù˘ÚÔÛ›ÓË. °È· ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ë O¶¢ Ô˘ ÚÔÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ME£ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‹ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ ÂÌÏÔ˘Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ Ì ٷ ·ÌÈÓÔͤ· ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË Î·È Ù·˘Ú›ÓË, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ŸÌˆ˜ Î·È Ë ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË M¶¢ ÁÈ· ·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤ӷ ‰È·ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÔʇÁÂÙ·È, ηıÒ˜ Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi Ë·ÙÈ΋ ÛÙ¿وÛË, ‰È¿Û·ÛË Ï›ˆÓ Ì˘˚ÎÒÓ ÈÓÒÓ, Î·È Âȉ›ӈÛË Ù˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜, Ë·ÙÈ΋˜, Î·È Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Î·ı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ÂԇψÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÙÚ·˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ. H ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›Ó˘ ÏfiÁˆ ˘„ËÏÒÓ ˘ÎÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÛÙÂÚÔÔ›ËÛË ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ Î·È ÂÓ·fiıÂÛË Ï›Ô˘˜ ÛÙÔ ‹·Ú. H ÏÈÔÁ¤ÓÂÛË ·˘Ù‹ ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ì Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ˘ ˘ÎÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ Î·È ÚÔÛı‹ÎË Ï›Ô˘˜.

M ٷ ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Û ‚·ÛÈ΋ (‚ÈÔ¯ËÌÈ΋, ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈ΋) Î·È ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ, Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ê·ÓÂÚfi fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÚÔÙÈÌfiÙÂÚÔ Ë ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Ó· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Î·È Ï›Ô˜ (O¶¢). H ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ·˘Ù‹ Ê˘ÛÈο, ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·ÈÚ› ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ë ›‰È· Ë O¶¢ ‰ÂÓ ·‡ÂÈ Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó· ÌË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜, ·Ú·Î¿ÌÙÔÓÙ·˜ Ô˘ÛÈÒ‰ÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ (¤ÎÎÚÈÛË ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ, ¤„Ë, ‰È¿Û·ÛË, ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛË, ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ ÛÙÔ ‹·Ú). ŒÙÛÈ, fiˆ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ù˘ O¶¢, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· Ù˘ Ì·ÎÚfi¯ÚÔÓ˘, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηٿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ηٷÁÚ·Ê› ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ì ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÏÈȉ›ˆÓ. ™Â ÛËÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Û˘¯Ó¿ ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Ù· Â›‰· ÙÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚȉ›ˆÓ Î·È ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ ÏfiÁˆ ÌÂȈ̤Ó˘

360

°. MÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘

‰Ú¿Û˘ Ù˘ ÏÈÔÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋˜ ÏÈ¿Û˘, Î·È ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È Ù·ÎÙÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ÏÈȉ›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. Œ¯Ô˘Ó Â›Û˘ ·Ó·ÊÂÚı›, ÌÂȈ̤ÓË Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ‰È‹ıËÛË Û ۇӉÚÔÌ· ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·˜, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓˆ‰ÒÓ ÚÔÛÙ·ÁÏ·Ó‰ÈÓÒÓ, ıÚÔÌ‚ÔÂÓ›· Î·È ¤ÎÙÔË ÂÓ·fiıÂÛË ÏÈȉ›ˆÓ ÛÙÔ ‰ÈÎÙ˘ÔÂÓ‰ÔıËÏÈ·Îfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. ŸÌˆ˜, ÔÏÏ¿ ·fi Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂȂ‚·Èˆı› ·fi ¿ÏϘ Û˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Î·È Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›ÛıËÎ·Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ Ì ˘„ËϤ˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ ‹ ·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤ÓË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË, ȉ›ˆ˜ Û ¢·›ÛıËÙÔ˘˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡˜ (ÚÔˆÚfiÙËÙ·, ÛË„·ÈÌ›·). ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ¿ÓÙˆ˜ Ì·ÎÚfi¯ÚÔÓ˘ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ O¶¢, ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛıÔ‡Ó Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, ¤¯ÂÈ ÚÔÙ·ı› ÙÔ ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓÔ Î˘ÎÏÈÎfi Û¯‹Ì· O¶¢, ηٿ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Ë O¶¢ ¯ÔÚËÁÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· 16-20 ˆÚÒÓ ÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ, ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ·‰È¿ÎÔË Û˘Ó¯‹ ÛÙ¿Á‰ËÓ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ 24 ÒÚ˜ ÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ. M ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi ·ÔʇÁÂÙ·È Ë ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔÚ›· ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ fiÏÔ ÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙË ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘˜ ·Ó¿·˘Û˘ Û˘Ó¯‹ ‰È¤ÁÂÚÛË ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›Ó˘ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÓÂ·ÁfiÌÂÓË ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ÔÍ›‰ˆÛË ÏÈȉ›ˆÓ, ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË ÏÈȉȷ΋˜ ·Ôı‹Î¢Û˘, Î·È ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÔÏ‹ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙˆÓ ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ. ŒÓ· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ì ٷ ˘¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ· ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· O¶¢, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ Î·È ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ÂÎÙÂٷ̤Ó˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ù· ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈο ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÏÈÒÓ Î·È ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ Â›Ó·È ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ Ï‹ÚË Î·È ÈÛÔÚÚÔË̤ӷ ·fi Ù· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÂÓÙÂÚÈο ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù·. ŸÌˆ˜, Ë ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·˜ Â›Ó·È Èı·Ófi Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÙË Û‡ÓıÂÛË ÙˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒÓ Î·È ¿ÏÏˆÓ ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡, ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙËÓ ·Úfi‚ÏÂÙË ‹ Î·È ·ıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ηٿ ÙËÓ ¤ÎıÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÔΛÌÂÓË ÓfiÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜. EȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, Ù· ÏÈȉȷο Á·Ï·ÎÙÒÌ·Ù· Ù˘ O¶¢ Ô˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÛÔÁȤϷÈÔ ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ·˘ÍË̤ӷ ÔÏ˘·ÎfiÚÂÛÙ· ÏÈ·Ú¿ Ôͤ· ˆ-6, ȉ›ˆ˜ ÏÈÓÔÏÂ˚Îfi (C:18:2) Î·È ·ÓÂ·ÚΛ˜ ÔÛfiÙËÙ˜ ˆ-3 ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ Î·È ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈÎÒÓ (·-ÙÔÎÔÊÂÚfiÏË). ø˜ Â·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıÔ, Ù· ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·ÓÈÛÔÚÚÔ›· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÙÂı¤ÌÂÓˆÓ ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ ÛÙ· ʈÛÊÔÏÈ›‰È· ÙˆÓ ÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒÓ (·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ ÏÈÓÔÏÂ˚Îfi, ˆ-6 ÔÏ˘·ÎfiÚÂÛÙ·, ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ηٷ‚ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ˘ÂÚÔÍ›‰ˆÛ˘ Î·È ÌÂȈ̤ӷ ˆ-3 ÔÏ˘·ÎfiÚÂÛÙ·), ηıÈÛÙÒÓÙ·˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡˜ ¢¿ÏˆÙÔ˘˜ Û ÔÍÂȉˆÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ (.¯. OFR) ηٿ ÙËÓ ÔÍ›· Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ stress Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÙË Ê¿ÛË Ù˘ ÈÛÙÈ΋˜ Â·Ó·ÈÌ¿ÙˆÛ˘ (reperfusion). °È· ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜, Ë ¤Ú¢ӷ ϤÔÓ ÛÙÚ¤ÊÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Û΢‹

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·361

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:356-366

¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ª∂£

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3. ™‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ Ù¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ME£ Ì O¶¢.

1. O¶¢ ÚÔÙÈÌfiÙÂÚË ·fi ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ ‹ M¶¢ ÁÈ· ·ÔÊ˘Á‹: ñ ñ ñ ñ ñ

ŒÏÏÂȄ˘ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ (ıÚÔÌ‚ÔÂÓ›·, ·ÏˆÂΛ·, ‰ÂÚÌ·Ù›Ùȉ·.)

A˘ÍË̤Ó˘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›Ó˘ ÏfiÁˆ ˘„ËÏÒÓ ˘ÎÓÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ EÛÙÂÚÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ, ÂÓ·fiıÂÛ˘ Ï›Ô˘˜ ÛÙÔ ‹·Ú K·Ù·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ ÛÎÂÏÂÙÈÎÒÓ Ì˘ÒÓ (˘ÔıÚ„›·) K·Ù·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Ï›ˆÓ Ì˘˚ÎÒÓ ÈÓÒÓ (·ÙÚÔÊ›· ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘)

2. K˘ÎÏÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ì·ÎÚfi¯ÚÔÓ˘ O¶¢ (‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ËÚÂÌ›·˜) ÁÈ· ·ÔÊ˘Á‹: ñ MÂȈ̤Ó˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ‰È‹ıËÛ˘, ·‡ÍËÛ˘ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ˘¤ÚÙ·Û˘ (ÚÔÛÙ·ÁÏ·Ó‰›Ó˜ = ·ÁÁÂÈÔÛ‡Û·ÛË Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ ·ÁÁ›ˆÓ, ÏÈÒ‰Ë ÌÈÎÚԤ̂ÔÏ·) ñ A˘ÍË̤Ó˘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ PGE2, ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙ·ÏÙÈ΋˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ñ EÓ·fiıÂÛ˘ Û ¢E™, ‹ ¤ÎÙÔ· ÂÓ‰Ô΢ÙÙ¿ÚÈ· (ηÚÓÈÙ›ÓË) ñ £ÚÔÌ‚ÔÂÓ›·˜, ˘ÂÚÙÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚȉ·ÈÌ›·˜ (ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÏÈÔÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋˜ ÏÈ¿Û˘) 3. EÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi˜ Ì ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË ñ A·Ú·›ÙËÙÔ ÁÈ· ÏÂÙfi ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ Î·È ·ÓÔÛÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· Û ηٿÛÙ·ÛË stress 4. §Èȉȷο Á·Ï·ÎÙÒÌ·Ù· Ì MCT:LCT 50%-50% + ˆ-3 ÏÈ·Ú¿ Ôͤ· ñ MÂȈ̤ӷ ÂÈÎÔÛ·ÓÔÂȉ‹, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·ÓÔÛ›· ñ T·¯Â›· ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘ÓÛË ·fi ÙÔ Ï¿ÛÌ· 5. ŒÚ¢ӷ ÁÈ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÈÛÔÚÚÔË̤ӷ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ñ AÔÊ˘Á‹ ·ÓÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Èı·Ófi Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤Î‚·ÛË Ù˘ ˘ÔΛÌÂÓ˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ñ AÔÊ˘Á‹ ÚfiÎÏËÛ˘ ·ÓÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·˜ ÛÙ· ʈÛÊÔÏÈ›‰È· ÙˆÓ ÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒÓ (·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ ÏÈÓÔÏÂ˚Îfi, ˆ-6 ÔÏ˘·ÎfiÚÂÛÙ·, ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ηٷ‚ÔÏÈÙÒÓ ˘ÂÚÔÍ›‰ˆÛ˘ Î·È ÌÂȈ̤ӷ ˆ-3). ÏÈȉȷÎÒÓ Á·Ï·ÎÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ Ó· ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ÈÛÔÚÚÔË̤ÓË ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›· ÙÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚȉ›ˆÓ ̤Û˘ Î·È Ì·ÎÚ¿˜ ·Ï‡ÛÔ˘ (MCT:LCT 50%:50%), Ô˘ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓË ÚÔÛı‹ÎË ÙˆÓ ˆ-3 (ˆ-6:ˆ-3 2:1) ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ ı· ÚÔÛ‰›‰Ô˘Ó ÛÙ· ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Î·È ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ì¤ÓË ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË (18). M ‚¿ÛË fiÏ· Ù· ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ, ÔÈ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ Ù¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ O¶¢ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ ηıÈÂڈ̤ӷ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Û¯‹Ì·Ù· (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3).

OÏÈ΋ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ º˘ÛÈο Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ‰ÂÓ ÂÚÈÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙËÓ O¶¢ ·ÏÏ¿ Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÛÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ù˘ ÔÏÈ΋˜ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ (OE¢) (ηı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË Á·ÛÙÚÈ΋˜ ΤӈÛ˘, ‰È¿ÚÚÔÈ·, ÌÂÙ·ÙfiÈÛË Î·ıÂÙ‹Ú·, ÂÈÛÚfiÊËÛË, ÎfiÛÙÔ˜ ·ÓÙÏÈÒÓ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ¤Á¯˘Û˘). T· ÔʤÏË ÂÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ OE¢ Â›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ·fi ÙȘ Ù˘¯fiÓ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȤ˜ Ù˘ Î·È Û˘ÓËÁÔÚÔ‡Ó ˘¤Ú Ù˘ ÚÔÒıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Ù˘ O¶¢ Û ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 4). AÎfiÌË Î·È ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·Ù‹ÚËÛË Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ·Ì˘ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Î·È ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ Ù˘ Â·ÚÎÔ‡˜ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÓÔÛÔÛÊ·ÈÚ›Ó˘ A, ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Â›Ó·È Ë ‰È¤ÁÂÚÛ‹ Ù˘ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ (19). Ÿˆ˜ Â›Ó·È Â˘ÓfiËÙÔ, Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ù›ÓÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Ë ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÂÈ-

ÏÔÁ‹˜ Û ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ (20). ¶ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ¤ÙÛÈ, ÂÚˆÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·ÙÔ˜, ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏË ÔÛfiÙËÙ· ˘ÁÚ‹˜ ÙÚÔÊ‹˜, ÙÔÓ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ¤Ó·Ú͢ Ù˘ Û›ÙÈÛ˘.

EÈÏÔÁ‹ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·ÙÔ˜ ¶·Ú¿ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ÔÏÏÒÓ Û¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ï‹ÚÔ˘˜ ˘ÁÚ‹˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ·fi ÙÔ ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ, ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 4. ¶ÏÂÔÓÂÎÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ 1. £ÂÙÈ΋ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË ñ §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ¤„˘ - ‰È¤ÁÂÚÛË ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈ΋˜ Û‡ÓıÂÛ˘ ñ P˘ıÌÈÛÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛ˘ ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ñ AÏÏËÏÂ›‰Ú·ÛË ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ˘ÔÛÙÚˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ (¤ÎÎÚÈÛË Á·ÛÙÚ›Ó˘, ÂÓÙÂÚÔÁÏ˘Î·ÁfiÓ˘, ·˘ÍËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚÌfiÓ˘, ÂȉÂÚÌÈÎÔ‡ ·˘ÍËÙÈÎÔ‡ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·) ñ ¢È·Ù‹ÚËÛË ·ÎÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘ 2. M›ˆÛË ÓÔÛËÚfiÙËÙ·˜ (ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ, ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·) 3. M›ˆÛË ËÌÂÚÒÓ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜, ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜ 4. ÕÓÂÛË, ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· 5. X·ÌËÏfi ÎfiÛÙÔ˜

361

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·362

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:356-366

ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÚÔÙÈÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚ›˜ ‰›·ÈÙ˜ Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ·Ó¤·Ê˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˜, Û‡ÌÏÔÎÔ˘˜ ˘‰·Ù¿ÓıڷΘ, ÔÈΛϷ ÔÛ¿ Ï›Ô˘˜, ̤ٷÏÏ·, ‚Èٷ̛Ә Î·È È¯ÓÔÛÙÔȯ›· (21). TÔ ˘„ËÏfi ÌÔÚÈ·Îfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ‰›ÓÂÈ ÛÙȘ ‰›·ÈÙ˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ¯·ÌËÏ‹ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ™Â ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì Ôχ ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ Î·Ù·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi (.¯. ÂÁη˘Ì·Ù›Â˜) ÚÔÙÈÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ‰›·ÈÙ˜ ˘ÂÚÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÔ‡¯Â˜ Î·È ˘ÂÚıÂÚÌȉÈΤ˜ (1,5 kcal/ml). OÈ ÔÏÈÁÔÌÂÚ›˜ ‰›·ÈÙ˜ Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ Ï‹ÚÂȘ ÙÚÔʤ˜, ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó fï˜ ÔÏÈÁÔÂÙ›‰È· Î·È ¤ÙÛÈ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ¯ÔÚËÁËıÔ‡Ó Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘. OÈ ÌÔÓÔÌÂÚ›˜ ‹ ÛÙÔȯÂȷΤ˜ ‰›·ÈÙ˜ Â›Ó·È Î·Ù¿ ηÓfiÓ· ˘ÂÚÔÛ̈ÙÈΤ˜ ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ÌÔÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó. A˘Ù¤˜ ··ÈÙÔ‡Ó ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ÂÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· (ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓÒ‰ÂȘ ÓfiÛÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘) Î·È ·ÔÚÚÔÊÔ‡ÓÙ·È Â‡ÎÔÏ·, ·Ê‹ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ ˘fiÏÂÈÌÌ·. ¶ËÁ¤˜ ˘‰·Ù·ÓıÚ¿ÎˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÔÏÈÁÔ۷ί·Ú›‰Â˜, Ë ÛÔ˘ÎÚfi˙Ë Î·È Ë ÁÏ˘Îfi˙Ë. OÈ ÚˆÙ½Ó˜ Â›Ó·È ÚˆÙÔ·ı‹ ‚Ú·¯Â›·˜ ·Ï‡ÛÔ˘ ÂÙ›‰È· Î·È ·ÌÈÓÔͤ·. T· Ï›Ë Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ̤Û˘ ·Ï‡ÛÔ˘ ÙÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚ›‰È· Î·È ÌÈÎÚ¿ ÔÛ¿ ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ. T¤ÏÔ˜, ÂȉÈΤ˜ ‰›·ÈÙ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ۯ‰ȷÛı› ÁÈ· Ó· ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›ÍÔ˘Ó ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜, Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌ· ‰˘Û·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛ˘ Î·È ÔÚÁ·ÓÈΤ˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂȘ Ô˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ·ı‹ÛÂȘ. EÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, ÛÙȘ ME£ ÓÔÛËχÔÓÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÍ›· Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ stress, ηٷ‚ÔÏÈÎÔ›, Ì οÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙÔÏ‹, ÛË„·ÈÌ›· ‹ ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·. H ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÔ‹ Ù˘ ÛÙÔȯÂȷ΋˜ ‰›·ÈÙ·˜ Û ·ÓÔÛÔÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÓÔ›ÍÂÈ ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓË Û›ÙÈÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÙˆÓ ME£, Ì ‰ÈÏfi ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ ıÚÂÙÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓË Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈ΋ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ (·ÓÔÛԉȷÙÚÔÊ‹) (22).

A˘Ùfi ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ï˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ Ì ·˘ÍË̤ӷ ÔÛ¿ ·ÏÒÓ ıÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ (ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË, ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË, ˆ-3 ÏÈ·Ú¿ Ôͤ·, ÓÔ˘ÎÏÂÔÙ›‰È·, ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈÎÔ› ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜) Ô˘ fï˜ Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒÛÂȘ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÔÓÙ·È Û ʷÚ̷΢ÙÈΤ˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈΤ˜ Ô˘Û›Â˜. ŒÙÛÈ, Ë ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË ÚÔ¿ÁÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÏÂÌÊÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Ê·ÁÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙˆÓ Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿ÁˆÓ, Ë ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ·¿ÓÙËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, Î·È Ù· ˆ-3 ÏÈ·Ú¿ Ôͤ· ÌÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓˆ‰ÒÓ ÚÔÛÙ·ÁÏ·Ó‰ÈÓÒÓ (23). ¶ÔÛfiÙËÙ· ˘ÁÚ‹˜ ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ÔÛfiÙËÙ· ıÂÚÌ›‰ˆÓ ÛÙË Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ stress, ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ì ¤ÌÌÂÛË ıÂÚÌȉÔÌÂÙÚ›· Û ME£ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ Ë ÌÂÙÚËı›˜ ÂÓ¤Ú-

362

°. MÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘

ÁÂÈ· ÛÙËÓ ÔÍ›· Ê¿ÛË ‚·ÚÈ¿˜ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ¶BM ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ (15). ¢È·¯ÚÔÓÈο, Ô ˘ÔÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹ÚÈÛ ÙÔ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎfi ÚfiÙ˘Ô Ù˘ ÚÒÙ˘ Ë̤ڷ˜, ÂÓÒ Ô ˘ÂÚÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ ·ÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ ¤Ó· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ fi„ÈÌÔ Û˘Ì‚¿Ó (5Ë-10Ë Ë̤ڷ). K·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ê¿ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ stress, ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi ·ÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ¤ˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔ 40% ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘. H ·Úfi‚ÏÂÙË ·˘Ù‹ ÔÈÎÈÏÔÌÔÚÊ›· ηıÈÛÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ Ù‡ˆÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ıÂÚÌȉÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ME£ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË, Ì fiÏ· Ù· Û˘ÓÂ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‹‰Ë ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ·Ú·¿Óˆ.

AÛÊ·ÏÒ˜, ÙËÓ È‰·ÓÈ΋ χÛË ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Ù˘ ηٷӷÏÈÛÎfiÌÂÓ˘ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô Ù˘ ¤ÌÌÂÛ˘ ıÂÚÌȉÔÌÂÙÚ›·˜ Î·È Ë ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ë ·Ó·Ï‹ÚˆÛ‹ Ù˘. ŒÓ·ÚÍË Û›ÙÈÛ˘ NÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ÛÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù·, fiˆ˜ Ë ÛË„·ÈÌ›·, Ë ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· Î·È Ë ÎÚ·ÓÈÔÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ οΈÛË Ô˘ ··ÈÙÔ‡Ó Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Û ÔÏ˘‰‡Ó·Ì˜ ME£, ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÚÓËÙÈο ÙË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ô‰ËÁÒÓÙ·˜ Û ·ÙÚÔÊ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘, Î·È ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ‰È·ÂÚ·ÙfiÙËÙ· Û ÌÈÎÚfi‚È· Î·È Ì·ÎÚÔÌfiÚÈ· fiˆ˜ ÔÈ ÂÓ‰ÔÙÔ͛Ә (24). Œ¯ÂÈ ·Ô‰Âȯı› fiÙÈ Ë ÚÒÈÌË ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ‰Ú· ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈο ÛÙÔÓ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎfi ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ, ÚÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ·ÒÙÂÚ˜ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ fiˆ˜ Ë ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· (25). ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ Ë ¤ÁηÈÚË ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ÌÂ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ÙˆÓ ‚·ÛÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ Ì ÂȉÈ΋ Ï‹ÚË ˘ÁÚ‹ ÙÚÔÊ‹ Â›Ó·È ÂÊÈÎÙ‹, ·ÛÊ·Ï‹˜ Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ Û ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÓÔÛËχÔÓÙ·È Û ME£ (26). H ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Î·È Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË Î·Ù·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎÒÓ ‹ Ì˘Ô¯·Ï·ÚˆÙÈÎÒÓ ‰ÚÔ˘Ó ·Ó·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Û›ÙÈÛ˘.

AÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, Ë ÂÈÙ˘¯‹˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ¤ÁηÈÚ˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ Û ·È‰È¿ Û stress Û˘Ó‰¤ÂÙ·È Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi Ì ıÂÙÈÎÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ NB Î·È Î·Ï‹ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ¤Î‚·ÛË (27).

M¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ Ù˘ ıÚ¤„˘ H ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· Ӥ˜ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ‚ÂÏÙȈı› Ë ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋ Î·È ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ıÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔÓÈÛı› ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›·. H ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ‚ÂÏÙȈÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËΠ΢ڛˆ˜ Û ÂÈÚ·Ì·Ùfi˙ˆ· ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ¤Ú¢Ó˜.

H ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË Ù˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ ÛÙË ıÚÂÙÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ‚·ÚÈ¿ ·Û¯fiÓÙˆÓ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Û ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË Î·È ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ Î·È ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ: (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 5)

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·363

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:356-366

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 5. EÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈΤ˜ ̤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ıÚÂÙÈ΋˜, ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋˜ Î·È ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ 1. XÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·Ó·Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·˘ÍËÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ (rGH, oxandrolone) ñ ™˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ ·Ó·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË ñ EȉÈΤ˜ - ÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÙÚÔÊÈΤ˜ ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ (¤ÓÙÂÚÔ, ̇˜, ÙÚ·‡Ì·Ù·) ñ Ÿ¯È ıÂÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ME£ (·ÓÙ›ıÂÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÎÔÚÙÈ˙fiÓ˘, ηÙ¯ÔÏ·ÌÈÓÒÓ, ΢ÙÔÎÈÓÒÓ;) ñ ¶·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ: YÂÚÁÏ˘Î·ÈÌ›·, ˘ÂÚ·Û‚ÂÛÙÈ·ÈÌ›· 2. XÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ‰˘ÓËÙÈο ··Ú·›ÙËÙˆÓ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ (·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË, ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË) ñ AÓ·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË ñ AÓÔÛÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË ñ AÓ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ Ì ÂÓÙÂÚÈο ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù·; A˙ˆı·ÈÌ›·; 3. XÚ‹ÛË ÙÚÔÔÔÈËÌ¤ÓˆÓ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÒÓ ÏÈȉ›ˆÓ ÛÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÛÙȘ ME£ (Ù¯ÓËÙ¿ Ï›Ë, ȯı˘¤Ï·È·: ˆ-3 ÔÏ˘·ÎfiÚÂÛÙ· ÏÈ·Ú¿ Ôͤ·) ñ AÓÔÛÔÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË ñ AÓÙÈÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ҉˘ ‰Ú¿ÛË ñ ¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ì ·˘ÙÔÔÍ›‰ˆÛË, ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈ΋ ‰È¿ıÂÛË 4. XÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ (‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË A, C, E, ‚-ηÚÔÙ¤ÓÈ·, CSH) ñ IÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó·Û‡ÓıÂÛË, ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›· ñ MÂÌÔӈ̤Ó˜ ‰ÚÔ˘Ó ÚÔÔÍÂȉˆÙÈο! I‰ÂÒ‰ÂȘ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ›; 5. ™˘Ó‰˘·Ṳ̂Ó˜ ıÂÚ·›˜ (rGH + ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË + ‰›·ÈÙ·) ñ AÏÏËÏÔÛ˘ÌÏ‹ÚˆÛË Î·È ·Ó·›ÚÂÛË ÂÈÏÔÎÒÓ

1. AÓ·Û˘Ó‰˘·Ṳ̂ÓË ·˘ÍËÙÈ΋ ÔÚÌfiÓË H ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË rGH Û ʷÚÌ·ÎÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ (0,05-0,2 mg/kg/d) ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈÎfi ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi Û ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈΤ˜ ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ, ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ó¢ÌÔÓÔ¿ıÂÈ· Î·È AIDS. EȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÂÎÌËÚȈı› ÛÙËÓ ÂԇψÛË ÙÚ·˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÌÔÛ¯Â˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜. ™Â ·È‰È¿ Ì ÛÔ‚·Ú¿ ÂÁη‡Ì·Ù· Â›Û˘, Ë ËÌÂÚ‹ÛÈ· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË rGH Û ‰fiÛË 0,2 mg/kg ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ ÙÔ˘˜ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡˜ ÂԇψÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÙÚ·˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Ì›ˆÛ ÙÔÓ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô (28). EÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Â›Ó·È ·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÔ› ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ rGH. ¶·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó Î·È ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ·Ú·ÁfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÙÔ˘ stress (ÎÔÚÙÈ˙fiÓË, ηÙ¯ÔϷ̛Ә, ΢ÙÙÔΛÓ˜) (29). ø˜ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ Ù˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ ıÚÂÙÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢

¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ª∂£

ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙˆÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È: ˘ÔÁÏ˘Î·ÈÌ›· ·ÓıÂÎÙÈ΋ ÛÙËÓ ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›ÓË, ˘ÂÚ·Û‚ÂÛÙÈ·ÈÌ›·, ηٷÎÚ¿ÙËÛË Na, ÓÂÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ ˘ÂÚÏ·Û›·.

2. ¶·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›Ó˘ (IGF-1) E›Ó·È ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ Î·È Û˘¯Ó¿ ÚÔηÏ› ˘ÔÁÏ˘Î·ÈÌ›· (30). H ›‰È· Ë ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›ÓË ¿ÏψÛÙÂ, ·ÛΛ ·Ó·‚ÔÏÈ΋ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÌfiÓÔ fï˜ ηٿ ÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ˘ÂÚÁÏ˘Î·ÈÌ›·˜.

3. AÓ·‚ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ›˜ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ™Â ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÈÙ˘¯Ò˜ ‰ÔÎÈÌ·Ûı› Ë Oxandrolone (31). ¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ fï˜ Â·Ú΋˜ ÙÂÎÌËÚ›ˆÛË, ÂÓÒ ÂÏÏÈ‹˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛË ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȤ˜ Ù˘ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿.

4. AÚÁÈÓ›ÓË TÔ ‰˘ÓËÙÈο ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ Û ηٿÛÙ·ÛË stress ·ÌÈÓÔ͇ ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË, Â›Ó·È ËÌÈÛ˘ÓıÂÙÈÎfi, ÂӉȿÌÂÛÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÎÏÔ˘ Ù˘ Ô˘Ú›·˜ Î·È ¤ÌÌÂÛ· Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓÔ Ì ÙÔÓ Î‡ÎÏÔ ÎÈÙÚÈÎÔ‡, Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÍ›‰ˆÛË ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ˘ÔÛÙڈ̿وÓ. ™ÙË Ê¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ stress ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο Ë ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘, ÂËÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ·ÚÓËÙÈο ÙËÓ ·ÓÔÛÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË. H ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ T-ÏÂÌÊÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ, ‰ÈÂÁ›ÚÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ Ù˘ ÈÓÙÂÚÏ¢ΛÓ˘ 2, Î·È ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÚÔÊÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ (ÈÓÛÔ˘Ï›ÓË, ۈ̷ÙÔÛÙ·Ù›ÓË, ·˘ÍËÙÈ΋ ÔÚÌfiÓË). EÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÓÔÛÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË ÂÈÚ·Ì·Ùfi˙ˆˆÓ Û ÛËÙÈΤ˜ ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ, ÂÈÙ·¯‡ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂԇψÛË Î·È ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛË GH (32). Œ¯ÂÈ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê› ̤ÙÚÈ· ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ NB Û ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÚÚÒÛÙÔ˘˜ Û ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ÓË Ì ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË. ¶Èı·Ó¤˜ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ: ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·¤ÎÎÚÈÛË Ï˘Û›Ó˘ (·ÎfiÌË Î·È ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·), ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ÔͤˆÛË, ·˙ˆı·ÈÌ›·.

5. °ÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË H ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ·ÊıÔÓfiÙÂÚÔ ·ÌÈÓÔ͇ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi, ·ÔÙÂÏÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ 60% ÙˆÓ ÂχıÂÚˆÓ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛÎÂÏÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ì˘˜ Î·È ÙÔ 20% ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ÙˆÓ Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔÚÔ‡ÓÙˆÓ ÂχıÂÚˆÓ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ. ™˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÔÍÂÔ‚·ÛÈ΋ ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·, ÛÙË ÁÏ˘ÎÔÓÂÔÁ¤ÓÂÛË Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ˘fiÛÙڈ̷ Ù·¯¤ˆ˜ ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·˙fiÌÂÓˆÓ ÈÛÙÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ Î·È ÙÔ ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. ¶ÂÚÈÛÙ·Ûȷο ÂÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, Û ¤ÓÙÔÓ˜ ηٷ‚ÔÏÈΤ˜ ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ηٷӿψÛË (·˘ÍË̤Ó˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ, ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓ‹ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹), Ë ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Û ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ ·ÌÈÓÔ͇. TÔ ·ÌÈÓÔ͇ ·˘Ùfi ÚÔ¿ÁÂÈ ÙË Ê·ÁÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿ÁˆÓ Î·È ‰ÈÂÁ›ÚÂÈ ÙËÓ T-ÏÂÌÊÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ ÏfiÁÔ CD4/CD8 ÙˆÓ ÏÂÌÊÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ. A˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ NB, ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙȘ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ, ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘

363

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·364

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:356-366

ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ÂÈıËÏ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË (33). ¶·Ú' fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿, ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠη̛· ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›Ó˘ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ME£ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ Î·È ·È‰È¿ (‰ÈϤ˜ Ù˘ÊϤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜) (34). I‰È·›ÙÂÚ·, Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ÓË Ì ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË ‰ÂÓ ·‡ÍËÛ ٷ Â›‰· ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›Ó˘ ÛÙÔ ·›Ì· Û ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ËÏÈÎÈÒÓ, Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ÙËÓ O¶¢ fiÔ˘ ÛËÌÂÈÒıËΠ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ. H ·ÈÙ›· Â›Ó·È Èı·ÓÒ˜ Ë ·˘ÍË̤ÓË Î·Ù·Ó¿ÏˆÛË Ù˘ ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›Ó˘ ·fi Ù· ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË (35). E›Û˘, ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·, ÏfiÁˆ ÂÈ‚¿Ú˘ÓÛ˘ Ù˘ Ë·ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ÓÂÊÚÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Âȉ›ӈÛ˘ Èı·Ó‹˜ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÔ¿ıÂÈ·˜ (31). ¶ÚÔÔÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ó¤· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ·, ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ӷ Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ÌÔÚʤ˜ ‰ÈÂÙȉ›ˆÓ ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›Ó˘, ¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ˘fi ¤Ú¢ӷ.

6. ÕÏÏ· ·ÌÈÓÔͤ· T· ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ÂÓ‰ÔÊϤ‚È· ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ Â›Ó·È ÛÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· "·ÓÈÛfiÚÚÔ·" ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›Â˜ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ. ŒÙÛÈ, ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠfiÙÈ ÔÏÏ¿ ·fi Ù· ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ÂÚÈÂÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Û ٷ˘Ú›ÓË, ΢ÛÙ½ÓË, Î·È ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË, ÂÓÒ ·˘ÍË̤Ó˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÔÈ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ÈÛÙȉ›ÓË Î·È Ù˘ÚÔÛ›ÓË. OÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ÁÈ· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ϤÔÓ ÈÛÔÚÚÔËÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙ·ıÂÚÒÓ ‰È·Ï˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÎÚ˘ÛÙ·ÏÏÈÎÒÓ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ ¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈÎfi ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ.

7. AÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈο EχıÂÚ˜ Ú›˙˜ Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘ (OFR) Ô˘ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·È Û ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ stress, ȉ›ˆ˜ ηٿ ÙË Ê¿ÛË Â·Ó·ÈÌ¿ÙˆÛ˘, ·ÛÎÔ‡Ó ‚Ï·ÙÈ΋ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÛÙÔ DNA, ÙȘ ÚˆÙ½Ó˜ Î·È Ù· ÔÏ˘·ÎfiÚÂÛÙ· ÏÈ·Ú¿ ÙˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒÓ, ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙËÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ‚Ï¿‚Ë Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜. H ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈ΋ ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ¿Ì˘Ó· ·ÔÛÎÔ› ΢ڛˆ˜, ÛÙËÓ ·Ó·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙˆÓ OFR Û ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ ÌÔÚȷο ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ· Î·È ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙȘ ‚Èٷ̛Ә E, C, A, Ù· ‚-ηÚÔÙ¤ÓÈ·, Î·È ÙÔ Û‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· ÙˆÓ ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ ΢ÛÙ½Ó˘, Ù·˘Ú›Ó˘ Î·È ÁÏ˘Ù·ıÂÈfiÓ˘, ÁÓˆÛÙfi ˆ˜ GSH. H ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÁÂÓÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Û˘ÛÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÙ·È Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Ï˘ÙÈ΋ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ fiˆ˜ Ô ¯·ÏÎfi˜, Ô „¢‰¿ÚÁ˘ÚÔ˜, ÙÔ ÛÂÏ‹ÓÈÔ Î·È ÙÔ Ì·ÁÓ‹ÛÈÔ. ™Â ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ stress ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈΛÏÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ ÂÏÏ›ÌÌ·Ù· ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ, Ë ·Ó·Ï‹ÚˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ÙË Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ÂÓ‰ÔÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂˆÓ (36). ◊‰Ë ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ÁÈ· ‚·ÚÈ¿ ¿Û¯ÔÓÙ˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ӷ Ì ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈΤ˜ Ô˘Û›Â˜ Î·È È¯ÓÔÛÙÔȯ›·. º˘ÛÈο, ··ÈÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌÂϤÙ˜

364

°. MÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘

Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÒÛÙ ӷ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎfi ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·, ηıÒ˜ ÌfiÓ˜ Û ·˘ÍË̤Ó˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ (.¯. ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË E ‹ C) ‰ÚÔ˘Ó ÚÔÔÍÂȉˆÙÈο, ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ OFR. 8. N¤ÔÈ ÏÈȉȷÎÔ› Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ› ÁÈ· ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ‚·ÚÈ¿ ·Û¯fiÓÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ T· Ï›Ë Û ÂÓÙÂÚÈο ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· Û›ÙÈÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ Ì·ÎÚ¿˜ ·Ï‡ÛÔ˘ (LCT 14-24 C) ‹ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ‰˘Û·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛ˘ ̤Û˘ (MCT 6-12 C) ‹ ‚Ú·¯Â›·˜ (2-4 C) ·Ï‡ÛÔ˘. ¶·Ú¤¯Ô˘Ó ΢ڛˆ˜ ˘„ËÏ‹ ıÂÚÌȉÈ΋ ˘ÎÓfiÙËÙ· ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù· ··Ú·›ÙËÙ· Ï›Ë. ŸÌˆ˜, ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ˘fiÓÔÈ· fiÙÈ Ù· Ï›Ë ÛfiÁÈ·˜ ‹ ËÏȤϷȷ (ˆ-6 ÏÈ·Ú¿) ·ÛÎÔ‡Ó ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙ·ÏÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË, ¢ÓÔÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔÓ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÛÙȘ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿Ó˜ ÚÔÊÏÂÁÌÔÓˆ‰ÒÓ Î·È ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÎÔÛ·ÓÔÂȉÒÓ (Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓ˜, ıÚÔÌ‚ÔÍ¿Ó˜, ÚÔÛÙ·ÁÏ·Ó‰›Ó˜ E2), Î·È Î·Ù¿ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂˆÓ (37). AÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ‰È·ÈÙËÙÈο ˆ-3 ÏÈ·Ú¿ Ôͤ· (Ô˘ ΢ڛˆ˜ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆ‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ȯı˘¤Ï·È·), ÂÓۈ̷ÙÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ù·¯¤ˆ˜ ÛÙȘ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈΤ˜ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿Ó˜, ¢ÓÔÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÂÈÎÔÛ·ÓÔÂȉÒÓ Ì ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓÒ‰Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË (ÚÔÛÙ·ÁÏ·Ó‰›ÓË E3), ηٷÛÙ¤ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÔÎÈÓÒÓ (ÈÓÙÂÚÏ¢ΛÓË 1) Î·È ÂÓÈÛ¯‡Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·. EÂȉ‹ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÔÈ ËÁ¤˜ Ï›Ô˘˜ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙË ÏÈȉȷ΋ Û‡ÓıÂÛË ÙˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒÓ (‰È·ÂÚ·ÙfiÙËÙ·, ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË, ÎÏ), ÂÚ¢ÓÒÓÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔÈ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ› ÏÈȉȷÎÒÓ Á·Ï·Îو̿وÓ. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓÙ·È Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ› MCT-LCT-ȯı˘ÂÏ·›ˆÓ Î·È ·Ú·ÁÒÁˆÓ ˆ3 ÔÏ˘·ÎfiÚÂÛÙˆÓ ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ‰ÔÌÈÎÒÓ (Ù¯ÓËÙÒÓ) ÏÈÒÓ, fiÔ˘ ÂȯÂÈÚÂ›Ù·È Ë ·Ó·Û‡ÓıÂÛË ÙÚÈÁÏ˘ÎÂÚȉ›ˆÓ Ì ÙË ÁÏ˘ÎÂÚfiÏË. ¶·ÚfiÌÔÈ· Á·Ï·ÎÙÒÌ·Ù· Û ÂÈÚ·Ì·Ùfi˙ˆ· ÚÔοÏÂÛ·Ó ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ NB, Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÏÔÈÌÒ͈Ó, Î·È ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ˘. ™Â ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜ Ë ·ÓÙÈÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ҉˘ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ˆ-3 ÏÈ·ÚÒÓ ÔͤˆÓ (ÏÈÓÔÏÂÓÈÎfi) ÂϤÁ¯ıËΠ̠ÂÓı·ÚÚ˘ÓÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Û ηÚÎÈÓÔ·ı›˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈο (38). EÓÙÔ‡ÙÔȘ, ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ·ÎfiÌË ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÈο ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÔ˘Ó ·Ó·¿ÓÙËÙ·. ¶·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ fiˆ˜ Ë ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·˘ÙÔÔÍ›‰ˆÛË Î·È Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ‚Ï¿‚Ë, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·Ó¿ÁÎË Û ·ÓÙÈÔÍÂȉˆÙÈο, Î·È ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈ΋ ‰È¿ıÂÛË (‰Ú¿ÛË ÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÔÏÏËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ·ÈÌÔÂÙ·Ï›ˆÓ) Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ú·ÙËÚËı› ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·, ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÚfiÛÎÔÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Û ME£ (39).

E›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ ÂÔ̤ӈ˜, Ó· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó Î·Ï¿ ۯ‰ȷṲ̂Ó˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Û ÎÚ›ÛÈÌ· ¿ÚÚˆÛÙ· ·È‰È¿, ÚÈÓ ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ Û ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù¤ÙÔÈˆÓ Û΢·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ȉ›ˆ˜ Û ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· O¶¢.

9. ™˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ› ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ Ù˘ ıÚ¤„˘ ™Â ÌÈ· ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ˘¤Ú‚·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·365

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:356-366

‰È·ÊfiÚˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ıÂÚ·ÂÈÒÓ Ù˘ ıÚ¤„˘, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ·‡ÍËÛ˘ Ù˘ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁÈ΋˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙÔ˘˜, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰ÔÎÈÌ·Ûı› Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ› ÙˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ·ÓÔÛԉȷÙÚÔÊ‹˜. ™˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ› rGH, ÁÏÔ˘Ù·Ì›Ó˘, Î·È ‰›·ÈÙ·˜ Û ۇӉÚÔÌÔ ‚Ú·¯¤Ô˜ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ·Ó Û ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ NB, ·Ó¿Ï·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ÂÈıËÏ›Ô˘ Î·È Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÛfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ O¶¢ (40). ¶ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈ΋ ˘ÁÚ‹ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ (·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÚˆÙ½ÓË, ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË, RNA, ˆ-3 ȯı˘¤Ï·È·) ›¯Â Â›Û˘ ¢ÓÔ˚ο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙȘ Â›ÎÙËÙ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ, ÌfiÓÔ fï˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ÛËÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÈÛ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó Û ME£ (41). ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ηÚÎÈÓÔ·ıÒÓ ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁËÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÂÓ‹ÏÈÎˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ӷ Û¯‹Ì·Ù· (ˆ-3-ÏÈ·Ú¿ Ôͤ·, ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË, ÓÔ˘ÎÏÂÔÙ›‰È·) Û˘Óԉ‡ıËÎ·Ó ·fi ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚ˜ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜, ‚Ú·¯‡ÙÂÚË ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô (42), Î·È ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÎfiÛÙÔ˜ (Ï·Ì‚·ÓfiÌÂÓÔ˘ ˘fi„Ë Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÎfiÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÏÔÎÒÓ) (43). ŸÌˆ˜, ÔÈ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÛÙ· ›‰È· Â›‰·. EÈÚfiÛıÂÙ·, ÔÈ ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈΤ˜ ‰›·ÈÙ˜ ÂÚÈ›¯·Ó ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÔÛfiÙËÙ· ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ ·' fi,ÙÈ Ë ÔÌ¿‰· ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ (15 ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ 9 g/Ë̤ڷ). ¢È·ÙÚÔÊÈ΋ Ê·ÚÌ·ÎÔıÂÚ·›·: ÚÔ‚ÈÔÙÈο Î·È ÚÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο ¶ÚÔ‚ÈÔÙÈο (probiotics) (ÂȉÈΤ˜ ÌÈÎÚԂȷΤ˜ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ Û˘Á¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÙÚÔÊ‹ Ì ‰˘ÓËÙÈο ÔʤÏË ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹), Î·È ÚÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο (prebiotics) (‰È·ÈÙËÙÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· fiˆ˜ Û‡ÌÏÔÎÔÈ ˘‰·Ù¿ÓıڷΘ ÈηÓÔ› Ó· ÌÂÙ·‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ÌÈÎÚԯψڛ‰· Î·È Ó· ¢ÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÌË ÂÓÙÂÚÔ·ıÔÁfiÓˆÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ) Â›Ó·È ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Ì ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ (44). OÈ Ì¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ·˘Ù¤˜ Â›Ó·È Ó· ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈΤ˜ χÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈÔÁÎÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˘ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÔÏ˘·ÓıÂÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÂϯÒÓ Î·È ÂÈΛӉ˘ÓˆÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂˆÓ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÙˆÓ ME£, ÌÂÙ·ÌÔÚÊÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ·ÏÒ˜ ÙËÓ ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ÛÂ Û˘Á¯ÚÔÓÈṲ̂ÓË ıÚÂÙÈ΋ Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹, ›Ûˆ˜ fi¯È ÛÙÔ Ôχ Ì·ÎÚÈÓfi ̤ÏÏÔÓ. ™˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù· OÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·‰˘ı› ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ Û ME£ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ‰›ÓÔ˘Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ¤ÁηÈÚË ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË, Î·È Î·Ù' Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·. ™Ùfi¯Ô˜ Â›Ó·È Ó· ˘ÔÛÙËÚȯıÔ‡Ó Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ·ÔÚÚÔÊËÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ·Ì˘ÓÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· (·Ó¤·ÊÔ˜ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎfi˜ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˜, ÊÚ·ÁÌfi˜ ÛÙË ‰È·ÂÚ·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÌÈÎÚÔ‚›ˆÓ Î·È ÂÓ‰ÔÙÔÍÈÓÒÓ), Ë ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜, Ë ÚfiÏË„Ë Ù˘ ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜, Î·È Ë Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÓÔÛËÚfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜. H ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ̤· Ù˘ ·ÓÔÛԉȷÙÚÔÊ‹˜, ÙˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘ÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ Ù˘

¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ª∂£

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● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ∆· ΢ÛÙÂ˚ÓÈο Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· LTC4, LTD4 Î·È LTE4 Ô˘ Û˘ÓÙ›ıÂÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ·Ú·¯È‰ÔÓÈÎfi Ô͇ ÛÙ· Ì·ÛÙÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, ÛÙ· Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿Á· Î·È ÛÙ· ˈÛÈÓfiÊÈÏ·, ·›˙Ô˘Ó ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙËÓ ·ıÔÊ˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÚÔηÏÒÓÙ·˜ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ, Ô›‰ËÌ· ÙˆÓ ÈÛÙÒÓ, ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ‚ϤÓÓ˘ Î·È ÂÓÔÚ¯ËÛÙÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ˈÛÈÓÔÊÈÏÈ΋˜ ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ‹˜. ªÂ ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÂÎÌËÚȈı› Ë Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ Î˘ÛÙÂ˚ÓÈÎÒÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ÛÙÔ ¿ÛıÌ·, Â›Ó·È ÚÔÊ·Ó¤˜ fiÙÈ Ô ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó·Ó Ó¤Ô ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ∆Ô Montelukast, ¤Ó·˜ ÈÛ¯˘Úfi˜ Î·È ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈÎfi˜ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ, ¤¯ÂÈ Ê·ÚÌ·ÎÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿, Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·, ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ·fi ÙÔ˘ ÛÙfiÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ‰Ú¿ÛË ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜. ÃÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ¿·Í ËÌÂÚËÛ›ˆ˜, Û ‰fiÛË 5 mg ÚÈÓ ÙË ‚Ú·‰ÈÓ‹ ηٿÎÏÈÛË, ¤¯ÂÈ ˆ˜ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÚˆÈÓ‹˜ FEV1 Î·È PEFR, Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ËˆÛÈÓfiÊÈÏˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜, fiˆ˜ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ·fi Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏfiÁÈÔ, Ô˘ Û˘ÌÏËÚÒıËΠ·fi ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ ÙÔ Montelukast ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ô‰ÂȯÙ› ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÛÙËÓ ÚfiÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ˘, Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË. ∆Ô Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙÔ, ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi Î·È ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ. ∞·ÈÙÔ‡ÓÙ·È fï˜, ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, Ù˘ ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ (∞§) ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÎÔ‡ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:367-374. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ¿ÛıÌ·, ·È‰›, ıÂÚ·›·, ·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ·.

C.V. Katsardis. Antileukotrienes: A new class of drugs in the pediatric asthma treatment armamentarium.

Paediatriki 2000;63:367-374. ● Abstract: The cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4, are synthesized from arachidonic acid in mast cells, macrophages and eosinophils, and play a pivotal role in asthma pathophysiology by causing bronchoconstriction, enhanced vascular permeability and mucus production, and by orchestrating eosinophilmediated inflammatory events. Since the data supporting the involvement of the cysteinyl leukotrienes in asthma have been adequatly documented, it is evident that selective antagonists of the cysLTI receptors could provide a new therapeutic approach to the disease. Montelukast, a potent and selective antagonist of the cysLTI receptor, has a pharmacological profile characterized by high potency, oral bioavailability and long duration of action. Montelukast in a single daily dose of 5 mg, before night time sleep has resulted in improvement of the morning FEV1 and PEFR, reduction of peripheral blood eosinophils, and significant improvement in the qualityof-life scores by the use of an asthma-specific quality-of-life questionaire. Furthermore, it has been proven effective in the management of exercise induced bronchospasm. The drug appears to be reliable, efficient and without side-effects. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in order to further evaluate the effectiveness, safety and plase of the antileukotrienes in the pediatric asthma treatment armamentarium.

Key words: asthma, child, treatment, antileukotrienes.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÙÚÈ¿ÓÙ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, Ë Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈ΋ ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ (ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉ‹, ‚2-‰ÈÂÁ¤ÚÙ˜, ıÂÔÊ˘ÏÏ›ÓË) ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÚÈÎÒ˜ ÌfiÓÔ ÙÚÔÔÔÈËı› Ì ÙËÓ

ÚÔÛı‹ÎË ¯ÚˆÌÔÓÒÓ, ıÂÔÊ˘ÏÏ›Ó˘ ‚Ú·‰Â›·˜ ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛ˘, ‚2-‰ÈÂÁÂÚÙÒÓ Ì·ÎÚ¿˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÙÔÙÈʤÓÈÔ˘. ∂›Ó·È Ë ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ó¤· ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ì ٷ

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Ã. ∫·ÙÛ·Ú‰‹˜

·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ·, ÌÈ· ηÙËÁÔÚ›· ÌË ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ Ê·Ú̿ΈÓ, Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˘‚Úȉȷ΋ ·ÓÙÈÊÏÂÁÌÔÓÒ‰Ë Î·È ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË. ∏ ÚÒÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÚfiÔ‰Ô˜ ÛÙË Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ÙÔ 1963, fiÙ·Ó Ô Samuelson ‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘Û fiÙÈ Ë ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ˆ˜ ÙfiÙ ‚Ú·‰¤ˆ˜ ·ÓÙȉÚÒÛ· Ô˘Û›· Ù˘ ·Ó·Ê˘Ï·Í›·˜ (Slowreacting substance of anaphylaxis), Â›Ó·È Ù·˘ÙfiÛËÌË Ì ٷ ΢ÛÙÂ˚ÓÈο Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· LC4, LD4, Î·È LE4. ∆· Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· Û˘ÓÙ›ıÂÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ·Ú·¯È‰ÔÓÈÎfi Ô͇, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÏ¢ıÂÚÒÓÂÙ·È ·fi Ù· ʈÛÊÔÏÈ›‰È· Ù˘ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋˜ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿Ó˘ Ì ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ ʈÛÊÔÏÈ¿ÛË ∞2. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ·, ÙÔ ·Ú·¯È‰ÔÓÈÎfi Ô͇ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ‰‡Ô ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ÎÈ ¤ÙÛÈ ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈο ·Ú¿ÁˆÁ· (ÂÈÎÔÛ·ÓÔÂȉ‹): (·) ªÂ ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ ΢ÎÏÔ͢ÁÂÓ¿ÛË ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Û ÚÔÛÙ·ÁÏ·‰›Ó˜ Î·È ıÚÔÌ‚ÔÍ¿Ó˜ Î·È (‚) Ì ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ 5-ÏÈÔ͢ÁÂÓ¿ÛË Î·È ÌÈ·˜ ‰ÂÛÌÂ˘Ì¤Ó˘ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÚËÓÈ΋ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿ÓË ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ Ô˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈ› ÙËÓ 5-ÏÈÔ͢ÁÂÓ¿ÛË, ÁÓˆÛÙ‹˜ ˆ˜ FLAP (·fi Ù· ·Ú¯Èο Five Lipoxygenase Activating Protein), ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Û Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· (∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1). ∞fi Ù· Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· (LTA4, LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, L∆∂4) Ù· C4, D4 Î·È ∂4 ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ·ÌÈÓÔ͇ ΢ÛÙ½ÓË Î·È ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ΢ÛÙÂ˚ÓÈο Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ·. ∆· ∞4 Â›Ó·È ·ÛÙ·ı‹ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÔÓÙ·È Û µ4 ‹ C4, ÂÓÒ Ù· C4 Î·È D4 ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· ÌÂÙ·‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È

ºˆÛÊÔÏÈ›‰È· ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋˜ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿Ó˘ ºˆÛÊÔÏÈ¿ÛË ∞ ∞Ú·¯È‰ÔÓÈÎfi Ô͇ 5-ÏÈÔ͢ÁÂÓ¿ÛË/FLAP ΢ÎÏÔÔ͢ÁÂÓ¿ÛË ¶ÚÔÛÙ·ÁÏ·Ó‰›Ó˜, ıÚÔÌ‚·Í¿Ó˜ LTA4 ∞ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙ¤˜ ÀÔ‰Ô¯¤· §Â˘ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ

µÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ˜ ŒÎÎÚÈÛË ‚ϤÓÓ˘ O›‰ËÌ· ÀÂÚ·ÓÙȉڷÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ∏ˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›·

LTC4

LTB4

LTD4

LTE4

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1. ™¯ËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ú¿ÛÙ·ÛË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ·fi Ù· ʈÛÊÔÏÈ›‰È· Ù˘ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋˜ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿Ó˘.

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Û ∂4. ∆· Ï¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Ô˘ ÂÓ¤¯ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¿ÛıÌ· fiˆ˜ Ì·ÛÙÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, ˈÛÈÓfiÊÈÏ· Î·È Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿Á·, Î·È ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ηÙÒÙÂÚÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ó¢ÚÂıÔ‡Ó ÛÙË Ì‡ÙË, ÛÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ·, ÛÙ· Ì¿ÙÈ·, ÛÙ· Ô‡Ú· Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÎfiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛÒÔ˘. ¢ÚÔ˘Ó Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ΢ÛÙÂ˚ÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ˘ԉԯ›˜ Ù‡Ô˘ π (Cys LT1) Ô˘ ¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ï›Ԣ˜ ̇˜, ÙÔ˘˜ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘˜ ·‰¤Ó˜, Ù· ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓÒ‰Ë Î‡ÙÙ·Ú· Î·È Â›Ó·È ‰È¿Û·ÚÙÔÈ ÛÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎfi ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ. Œ¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛ˘Û·ÛÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ôχ ÈÛ¯˘ÚfiÙÂÚË (1000-5000 ÊÔÚ¤˜) Î·È ÈÔ ·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤ÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ÈÛÙ·Ì›ÓË, Ì Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi ‰Ú¿Û˘ fï˜ ÙÂÏ›ˆ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó Ô›‰ËÌ· ÙˆÓ ÈÛÙÒÓ, Ù·ÎÙÈÛÌfi ˈÛÈÓÔÊ›ÏˆÓ Î·È ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÒÓ ÂÎÎÚ›ÛˆÓ, ÂÈÎfiÓ· ·fiÏ˘Ù· Û˘Ì‚·Ù‹ Ì ÙÔ ¿ÛıÌ·. OÈ ˘ԉԯ›˜ Ù‡Ô˘ II (Cys LT2) ¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÊϤ‚˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û¯¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ¿ÛıÌ·, (1-7). ∏ Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛË ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ Â›Ó·È ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜, ·' fi,ÙÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÌË ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ¿ÛÎËÛË, Ï‹„Ë ·ÛÈÚ›Ó˘ Î·È ÚfiÎÏËÛË Ì ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈÔÁfiÓ·. µÈÔ„›· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘, ÚÔ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÂÈÛÓÔ‹ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ, ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ 25Ï¿ÛÈ· ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ËˆÛÈÓÔÊ›ÏˆÓ Î·È ‰ÈÏ·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi ÙˆÓ Ô˘‰ÂÙÂÚÔʛψÓ, ÂÓÒ Û ÂÈÚ·Ì·Ùfi˙ˆ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÌÈ· Î·È ÌfiÓÔ ÂÈÛÓÔ‹ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›· ÁÈ· 30 ̤Ú˜ (6,7). ªÂ Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·˘Ù¿, ‹Ù·Ó ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓÔ fiÙÈ Ë Û‡ÓıÂÛË Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ, Ô˘ ı· ·Ó¤ÛÙÂÏÏ·Ó ÙÔÓ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ‹ ı· ·ÚÂÌfi‰È˙·Ó ÙË Û‡Ó‰ÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô˘˜ ˘ԉԯ›˜, Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÛÙËÓ ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜. ŒÙÛÈ ÛÙÔ ÔÏÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ıÂÚ¿ÔÓÙ· È·ÙÚÔ‡ ¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‰‡Ô ηÙËÁÔڛ˜ Ê·Ú̿ΈÓ. ∏ Ì›· ‰Ú· ˆ˜ ·Ó·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfi Ù˘ ‚ÈÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ (̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ 5-ÏÈÔ͢ÁÂÓ¿ÛË ‹ Ù˘ FLAƒ) Ì ÂÎÚfiÛˆÔ ÙÔ ∑afirlukast Î·È Ë ¿ÏÏË Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ˆ˜ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ, Ì ÂÎÚÔÛÒÔ˘˜ ÙÔ Montelukast, ÙÔ ∑afirlukast Î·È ÙÔ ƒranlukast.(1,5,7) º·ÚÌ·ÎÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ ™ÙË ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜, ÁÈ· ¯Ú‹ÛË Û ·È‰È¿ 6-14 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚ› ÙÔ Ó·ÙÚÈÔ‡¯Ô Montelukast Û ̷ÛÒÌÂÓ· ‰ÈÛΛ· ÙˆÓ 5 mg. °È· ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ 15 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ‰ÈÛΛ· ÙˆÓ 10 mg. ∏ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛË ÛÙÔ Ï¿ÛÌ· ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È 3 ÒÚ˜ ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·fi ÙÔ˘ ÛÙfiÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ï‹„Ë, Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ËÌÈÛ›·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Â›Ó·È 5-6 ÒÚ˜ Î·È Ë ‚ÈԉȷıÂÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· 62%, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ Ê·ÚÌ·ÎÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÌÂٷ͇ Ó¤ˆÓ Î·È ËÏÈÎÈˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ∏ ‚ÈԉȷıÂÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ∑afirlukast ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Î·Ù¿ 40%, fiÙ·Ó Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÙÚÔÊ‹. ¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Montelukast, ·ÏÏ¿

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Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘, ÌÈ· ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ, ÌÈ· ÒÚ· ÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÁËÙÔ‡ ‹ ‰‡Ô ÒÚ˜ ÌÂÙ¿.(3) ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛË ÙÔ˘, ÙÔ Montelukast ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÌÈÎÚÔÛÒÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ Ë·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ Î˘Ùfi¯ÚˆÌ· ƒ450, 3∞4, 2∞6 Î·È 2C9 (Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÈÛÔÂÓ˙‡ÌˆÓ). ∞fi ÂΛ ÙÔ Montelukast Î·È ÔÈ ÌÂÙ·‚Ôϛ٘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ ¯ÔÏ‹˜ Î·È ·Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ÎfiÚ·Ó· Û ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ 86%.(3,7) ™ÙȘ Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈΤ˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÈÛÙÒÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ Montelukast ‰ÂÓ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· Â›‰· ÙˆÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ ıÂÔÊ˘ÏÏ›ÓË, Ú‰ÓÈ˙ÔÏfiÓË, ‰ÈÁÔÍ›ÓË, ÙÂÚÊÂÓ·‰›ÓË, ÁÔ˘·ÚÊ·Ú›ÓË Î·È Ù· ·fi ÙÔ˘ ÛÙfiÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÓÙÈÛ˘ÏÏËÙÈο, Ô˘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÂÓ˙‡ÌˆÓ. ∏ Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛË fï˜ ÙÔ˘ Montelukast ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÏ·ÙÙˆı› ÌÂ Û˘Á¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·Ó·ÁˆÁ‹, ÙÔ˘ ÈÛÔÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ CÀƒ3 ∞4, fiˆ˜ Ë Ê·ÈÓ˘ÓÙÔ˝ÓË, Ë Ê·ÈÓÔ‚·Ú‚ÈÙ¿ÏË Î·È Ë ÚÈÊ·Ì˘Î›ÓË, ÔfiÙ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË.(3,7) ∫ÏÈÓÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ∞fi ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ Ù˘ ‰ÂηÂÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ 1990 ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· (∞§) ÂÌÔ‰›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÂÚÂı›ÛÌ·Ù· fiˆ˜ Ë ¿ÛÎËÛË, Ô ÎÚ‡Ô˜ ·¤Ú·˜, Ô ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ·ÈÌÔÂÙ·Ï›ˆÓ (ƒ∞F) Î·È ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈÔÁfiÓ·. ™ÙËÓ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÙÔ 50% ÙˆÓ ÂÚÂıÈÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÂÍÔ˘‰ÂÙÂÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi Ù· ∞§. ∂ȉÈο ÁÈ· Ù· ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈÔÁfiÓ·, ÙÔ 70-80% Ù˘ ÚÒÈÌ˘ Î·È ÙÔ 50-60% Ù˘ fi„ÈÌ˘ ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·Û˘ ÂÌÔ‰›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi Ù· ∞§. ∆· ∞§ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ËˆÛÈÓÔÊ›ÏˆÓ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÔ‡˜, fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈÎfi ·›Ì·. ∂›Û˘, ÌÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓÒ‰Ë Î‡ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, fiˆ˜ Ù· ∆-ÏÂÌÊÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· Î·È Ù· Ì·ÛÙÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·. ∏ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ƒranlukast (΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚ› ÛÙËÓ π·ˆÓ›· (7)) ÛÙË Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋˜ ˘ÂÚ·ÓÙȉڷÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÚfiÎÏËÛË Ì ÌÂÙ·¯ÔÏ›ÓË, ÈÛÙÔÔÈ‹ıËΠÌfiÓÔ Û ÌÈ· ÌÂϤÙË. ∆Ô ªontelukast ‚Ú¤ıËΠfiÙÈ ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈο ÙÔÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ ·fi ¿ÛÎËÛË, fi¯È fï˜ ÎÈ ÂΛÓÔÓ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ÌÂÙ¿ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÌÂÙ·¯ÔÏ›Ó˘.(3,6) ™Â ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÏ˘ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË, Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ≥15 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ªontelukast Û ‰fiÛË 10 mg ËÌÂÚËÛ›ˆ˜ ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙË Î·Ù¿ÎÏÈÛË, ›¯Â ˆ˜ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ·fiÊڷ͢ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ (8). ªÂϤÙ˜ Û ·È‰È¿ ∏ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ªontelukast ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËΠ۠336 ·È‰È¿ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 6-14 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Ì ηÏÒ˜ ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓÔ,

AÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· Î·È ¿ÛıÌ·

̤ÙÚÈ·˜ ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ·˜ ¿ÛıÌ·. ªÂÙ¿ ıÂÚ·›· 8 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ, Ì 5 mg Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘, Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· Ô˘ ¤·ÈÚÓ ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎfi Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ (Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜), ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÙÔ˘ ªontelukast ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÚˆÈÓ‹˜ ÙÈÌ‹˜ Ù˘ F∂V1 ηٿ 8,23% (Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì 3,58% Ù˘ ÔÌ¿‰·˜ ÙˆÓ Ì·ÚÙ‡ÚˆÓ). ∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ë ÙÈÌ‹ Ù˘ ÚˆÈÓ‹˜ ̤ÁÈÛÙ˘ ÂÎÓ¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔ‹˜ (ƒ∂FR) ‚ÂÏÙÈÒıËΠÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ÌÂϤÙ˘, fiˆ˜ Î·È fiϘ ÔÈ ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÂȉÈÎÔ‡ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ·È‰ÈÎfi ¿ÛıÌ· ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ˙ˆ‹˜, ÂÏ·ÙÙÒıËΠÙÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ËÌÂÚÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì Âȉ›ӈÛË. ∂›Û˘, ÌÂÈÒıËÎÂ Ë ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›· ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈÎfi ·›Ì·. ∏ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ë̤ڷ, Ë ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ Ù˘ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠÛÙ·ıÂÚ‹, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË Ù·¯˘Ê‡Ï·Í˘ Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜, ÂÓÒ ·Ú·Ïϋψ˜ Ì›ˆÛÂ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ‚2-‰ÈÂÁÂÚÙÒÓ. OÈ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ Î·È ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷΤ˜ ·ÓÂÈı‡ÌËÙ˜ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ ‹Ù·Ó Û¿ÓȘ, ‹Ș Î·È ·ÚfiÌÔȘ Ì ·˘Ù¤˜ Ù˘ ÔÌ¿‰·˜ ÙˆÓ Ì·ÚÙ‡ÚˆÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ‹È· ÎÂÊ·Ï·ÏÁ›·, Ïԛ̈ÍË ÙÔ˘ ·ÓÒÙÂÚÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÚ·ÓÛ·ÌÈÓ·ÛÒÓ.(9) ™Â ¿ÏÏË ÔÏ˘ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË, ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ‹Ú·Ó ̤ÚÔ˜ 27 ·È‰È¿ Ì ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ ÛÙ·ıÂÚfi ¿ÛıÌ· (F∂V1 ≥70% ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓ˘ ÙÈÌ‹˜), ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ªontelukast ÛÙÔÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ ¿ÛÎËÛ˘. OÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ¤Ï·‚·Ó ›Ù 5 mg ªontelukast ›Ù ÂÈÎÔÓÈÎfi Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ (placebo) ÚÈÓ ÙË Î·Ù¿ÎÏÈÛË, ÁÈ· 2 ̤Ú˜ Î·È ÙË ÙÚ›ÙË Ì¤Ú· (20-24 ÒÚ˜ ·fi ÙË ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ‰fiÛË) ˘Ô‚Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó Û ‰ÔÎÈÌ·Û›· ÎfiˆÛ˘. ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ıËÎÂ Ë Ì¤ÁÈÛÙË ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›· ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏ‹ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛÂ Ë F∂V1 ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ¤ˆ˜ Î·È 90 ÏÂÙ¿ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ·˘Ù‹, Ë ÙÈÌ‹ Ù˘ F∂V1 ÛÙ· ÚÒÙ· 60 ÏÂÙ¿ Ù˘ ¿ÛÎËÛ˘, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ Ô˘ ··ÈÙ‹ıËΠÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â¿ÓÔ‰Ô Ù˘ F∂V1 ÛÙ· ÚÔ Ù˘ ¿ÛÎËÛ˘ Â›‰·. ™ÙË Î·Ì‡ÏË ÙˆÓ ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›ˆÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÒÓ Ù˘ F∂V1 (οıÂÙÔ˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜) Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ (ÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙÈÔ˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜) ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁ‹ıËΠÙÔ ÂÌ‚·‰fiÓ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ·Â˙›Ô˘ οو ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ì‡ÏË (∞rea Under the Curve, ∞UC 0-60 min), Ë ÔÔ›· ‰›ÓÂÈ Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ Ù˘ ¤ÓÙ·Û˘ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ù˘ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ˘ (∂ÈÎfiÓ˜ 2 Î·È 3). ∏ AUC 0-60 min ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚË (59%) ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ Montelukast ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Ù˘ ÔÌ¿‰·˜ ÙˆÓ Ì·ÚÙ‡ÚˆÓ, ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ‰Ú¿ÛË. ∏ ̤ÁÈÛÙË ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›· ÙÒÛË Ù˘ F∂V1, ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚË fiÙ·Ó ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ¤·ÈÚÓ·Ó Montelukast (18% ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ 26% ÙˆÓ Ì·ÚÙ‡ÚˆÓ). O ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ·Ó¿Ó˄˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ Ù˘ ¿ÛÎËÛ˘ fï˜, ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠӷ Â›Ó·È ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ˜ (18 ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ 28 ÏÂÙÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜).(10)

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Ã. ∫·ÙÛ·Ú‰‹˜

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 2. ∫ÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Ù˘ ¤ÓÙ·Û˘ Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏ‹˜ Ù˘ FEV1 (οıÂÙÔ˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜) Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔÓ ¯ÚfiÓÔ (ÔÚÈ˙fiÓÙÈÔ˜ ¿ÍÔÓ·˜) ÌÂÙ¿ Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ¿ÛÎËÛË. ∆Ô ÂÌ‚·‰fiÓ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ·Â˙›Ô˘ οو ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ì‡ÏË (Area Under the Curve, AVC 0-60 min) ‰›ÓÂÈ Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ˘.

5

Montelukast 0

Placebo

-5

FEV1% ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏ‹ (ª¤ÛÔ˜ fiÚÔ˜ ±SE)

-10 -15 -20 -25 -30 0

5

10

15

30

45

60

ÃÚfiÓÔ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË (min)

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 3. ª¤ÛË ÔÛÔÛÙÈ·›· ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏ‹ Ù˘ ÙÈÌ‹˜ Ù˘ FEV1 Û ¯ÚÔÓÈο ÛËÌ›· 0 Î·È 60 ÏÂÙÒÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË, Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ Ù˘ FEV1 ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË (™‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯˆÓ ηÌ˘ÏÒÓ Montelukast Î·È placebo). ªÂϤÙ˜ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ¿Óˆ ÙˆÓ 15 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Î·È Ë Û¯¤ÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ Ì ¿ÏÏ· Û˘Ó·Ê‹ Ê¿Ú̷η ∆· ∞§ ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ‰ÔÎÈ̷ۛ˜ ÙˆÓ Ó¢ÌfiÓˆÓ (Ë F∂V1 ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È Î·Ù¿ 13,4%), ÌÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó Ù· Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ηٿ 37%, ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙˆÓ ‚2‰ÈÂÁÂÚÙÒÓ Î·Ù¿ 24% Î·È ÙË Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛË ÙˆÓ L∆∂4 ÛÙ· Ô‡Ú· Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‹ÈÔ - ̤ÙÚÈÔ ¿ÛıÌ·.(5) ÃÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ∞§ ÚÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È Û ÌÂÚÈο ¿ÙÔÌ·, ÌÂÙ¿ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÛÈÚ›Ó˘ ‹ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÌË ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÊÏÂÁÌÔÓˆ-

370

‰ÒÓ Ê·Ú̿ΈÓ. ø˜ ÁÓˆÛÙfi, Ë ·ÛÈÚ›ÓË ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ·ÓÙȉڿÛÂȘ ÛÙË Ì‡ÙË, ÛÙ· Ì¿ÙÈ·, ÛÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ· Î·È ÛÙÔ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·, Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È ·ÂÈÏËÙÈÎfi ÁÈ· ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ Û ÌÂÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜. OÈ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›ÔÈ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÓıÂÙ¿Û˘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ L∆C4, ÛÙ· ˈÛÈÓfiÊÈÏ· Î·È Ù· Ì·ÛÙÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, Ô˘ Èı·ÓÒ˜ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ·fi ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÔÓȉ›Ô˘ Ô˘ ÚÔ¿ÁÂÈ ÙË Û˘ÓıÂÙ¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ LTC4.(2,3,11)

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¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:367-374

™Â ¿ÏÏË ÌÂϤÙË ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ÚÔÛٷ٢ÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÛÙËÓ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, ÛÙËÓ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ·Ó¿ÁÎË ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÔ͢ÛÌÔ‡˜.(12) ™Â ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Ì ‹ÈÔ ¿ÛıÌ· ÙÔ Montelukast ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ÚÔÛٷهÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ ¿ÛıÌ· ¿ÛÎËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô ÙˆÓ 12 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ Ô˘ ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ıËÎÂ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚËı› ·ÓÔ¯‹ ‹ ˘ÔÙÚÔ‹ Ì Âȉ›ӈÛË ÙˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌ·ÛÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ Ó¢ÌfiÓˆÓ, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ‰È·ÎÔ‹ ÙÔ˘.(13) ™Â 191 ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜, ÔÌÔ›ˆ˜ Ì ‹ÈÔ ¿ÛıÌ·, Ë Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ÁÈ· 8 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ Ù˘ Û·ÏÌÂÙÂÚfiÏ˘ (50Ìg/12ˆÚÔ) Î·È ÙÔ˘ Montelukast (10mg/Ë̤ڷ Û ÌÈ· ‰fiÛË), ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ÙÔ Montelukast ·Ú¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ·fi ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ ¿ÛÎËÛ˘, Ô˘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ·Ó·ÏÏÔ›ˆÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ (60%) ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜ (57%), ÂÓÒ Ë Û·ÏÌÂÙÂÚfiÏË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·ÓÔ¯‹ ηٿ ÙËÓ ›‰È· ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô (41% ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Î·È 17% ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜).(3) ∂›Û˘, ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ·ÓÔ¯‹˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi 1 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ Û·Ï‚Ô˘Ù·ÌfiÏ˘.(14) ÕÏÏË ÌÂϤÙË ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û˘ÓÂÚÁÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ‚2-‰ÈÂÁ¤ÚÙ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÚfiÎÏËÛË ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙÔÏ‹˜, Ë ÔÔ›· ˘ÔÏÔÁ›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÌÈÛ‹ ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·fi ÂΛÓË Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÌfiÓÔÈ ÔÈ ‚2-‰ÈÂÁ¤ÚÙ˜ Î·È ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È Û 1-3 ÒÚ˜ ·fi ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË. ∏ ÂÈÚfiÛıÂÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙÔÏ‹ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó Ù· ∞§ Èı·ÓÒ˜ Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi ‰Ú¿Û˘.(1,14) ∏ Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ Ì ÙË Ó·ÙÚÈÔ‡¯Ô ¯ÚˆÌÔÁÏ˘Î›ÓË (10mg/6ˆÚÔ), Û 18 ÂÊ‹‚Ô˘˜ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜, ÁÈ· ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô 2 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ, ‰ÂÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ۷ʋ ˘ÂÚÔ¯‹ ÙˆÓ ∞§.(3) ∏ ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉÒÓ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ˘ÂÚ¤¯ÂÈ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙˆÓ ∞§, Û ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ‰Â ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ë ˘ÂÚÔ¯‹ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÒ˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋.(15) ŒÙÛÈ, ÂÓÒ Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ Montelukast Î·È Ù˘ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ˘ ÌÂÎÏÔÌÂı·˙fiÓ˘ ‰È¤ÊÂÚ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÒ˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ·fi ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ placebo ÛÙËÓ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ F∂V1, Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È ÙË Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘Ìو̿وÓ, ÙˆÓ Ó˘ÎÙÂÚÈÓÒÓ ·Ê˘Ó›ÛÂˆÓ - ÂÓԯϋÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·ÚÔ͢ÛÌÒÓ, ˘‹Ú¯Â Â›Û˘ Û·Ê‹˜ ˘ÂÚÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Ù˘ ÌÂÎÏÔÌÂı·˙fiÓ˘ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘ Montelukast, ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜. π‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÂӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û· Â›Ó·È Ë ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛË fiÙÈ Ë Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÛÙ· ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹ ‹ ÛÙ· ∞§ ¤¯ÂÈ Îˆ‰ˆÓÔÂȉ¤˜ Û¯‹Ì· Î·È fiÙÈ ¿ÏÏÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÛÙÔ ¤Ó· Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ ÛÙÔ ¿ÏÏÔ, ÂÓÒ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ‚·ıÌfi˜ ·ÏÏËÏÔÎ¿Ï˘„˘.(4,15) ªÂϤÙ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ Ë Û˘Á¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Montelukast Ô‰‹ÁËÛ Û Ì›ˆÛË Î·Ù¿ 46% Ù˘ ·Ó¿Á΢ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ Î·È ÛÂ

AÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· Î·È ¿ÛıÌ·

‰È·ÎÔ‹ ÛÙÔ 40% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ.(1,7,14) ™Â ¿ÏÏË ÌÂϤÙË Ê¿ÓËΠfiÙÈ Ë ÚÔÛı‹ÎË ∞§ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ·Ô‰ÔÙÈ΋ Ì ‰ÈÏ·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi Ù˘ ‰fiÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ.(6) ∏ Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙˆÓ ∞§ Ì ÂΛÓË Ù˘ ıÂÔÊ˘ÏÏ›Ó˘, ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· 3 ÌËÓÒÓ, ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ Î·È Ù· ‰‡Ô Ê¿Ú̷η ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ F∂V1, ·ÏÏ¿ Ë ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÈÔ ¤Î‰ËÏË ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ô˘ ¤·ÈÚÓ·Ó ıÂÔÊ˘ÏÏ›ÓË.(1) ∏ Û˘Á¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ∞§ Ì ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈÎfi ∏1-·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙ‹ Ù˘ ÈÛÙ·Ì›Ó˘ (ÏÔÚ·Ù·‰›ÓË) ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ Î·Ù¿ 75% ÙfiÛÔ ÙËÓ ÚÒÈÌË fiÛÔ Î·È ÙËÓ fi„ÈÌË ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË, ÌÂÙ¿ ÚfiÎÏËÛË Ì ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈÔÁfiÓÔ. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ë Û˘Á¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ ÚÔηÏ› Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈ΋ ÚÈÓ›Ùȉ· ÈÔ ¤Î‰ËÏË ÚÈÓÈ΋ ·Ó·ÎÔ‡ÊÈÛË, ·fi ÂΛÓË Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È fiÙ·Ó Î¿ı ʿÚÌ·ÎÔ ¯ÔÚËÁÂ›Ù·È Í¯ˆÚÈÛÙ¿. ∂›Û˘, Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈ΋ ÚÈÓ›Ùȉ·, Ì ÂΛӷ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·ÓÙÈÈÛÙ·ÌÈÓÈο ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ·.(2,3) £¤ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∆· ȉ·ÓÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÂÓfi˜ ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È Ù· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ(16): 1. ∂‡ÎÔÏÔ ÛÙË Ï‹„Ë, ÒÛÙ ӷ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓ‹. ∂Âȉ‹ Ù· ∞§ ‰È·Ù›ıÂÓÙ·È Û ‰ÈÛΛ· Ô˘ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌÈ· (Montelukast) ‹ ‰‡Ô ÊÔÚ¤˜ (∑afirlukast, ƒranlukast) ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ, Ì ÂÍ·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ ∑ileuton Ô˘ ¯ÔÚËÁÂ›Ù·È Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ, ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔÈ Û˘ÌʈÓÔ‡Ó fiÙÈ ˘ÂÚÙÂÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙË Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ· Ê¿Ú̷η. ªÂϤÙË Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ Û ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜, ÌÂÙ¿ 4 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜, ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ÙÔ 55% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÚÔÙÈÌÔ‡Û·Ó ÙÔ ∑afirlukast Î·È ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ 25% Ù· ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹.(1,6) ø˜ Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË Ì ÙË ıÂÚ·›·, ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÔÚÈÛı› ÙÔ ËÏ›ÎÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ‰fiÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘, Ô˘ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹, ÚÔ˜ ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi ÙˆÓ ‰fiÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÙ·ÁÔÁÚ·ÊÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi. ∏ Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË Â›Ó·È ·Ó·ÌÊÈÛ‚‹ÙËÙË ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ·ÛıÂÓ‹, ·ÏÏ¿ ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ 7-19%, ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ıÂÚ¿ÔÓÙ· È·ÙÚÔ‡, ÂÓÒ ÁÈ· ÙÔ 58% Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ··Ú¿‰ÂÎÙÔ˜ (17-19). ¶ÔÏÏÔ› ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙË Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÌÈÎÚÒÓ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ™Â ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Ë ·ÏfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û¯‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ë Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÛÔ‚·ÚfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹, Ë Â˘ÎÔÏ›· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜ (Ô‰fi˜ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘, ‡ÎÔÏË ¯Ú‹ÛË Û˘Û΢‹˜), Ë ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ë ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë Û¯¤ÛË È·ÙÚÔ‡ -

371

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·372

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:367-374

·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜. ∂›Û˘, ÛÙË Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË ˘ÂÈÛ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ›, „˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ›, ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎÔ›, ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ȉȷÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ˜ (.¯. ¤ÊË‚ÔÈ) Î·È ÔÈ ÂÔÈı‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜.(17) ∏ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ ··ÈÙ› ÁÓÒÛË, ÂÌÂÈÚ›· Î·È ¯ÚfiÓÔ. O ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˜ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË (ÂΛ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Ù· Û¯ÔÏ›· ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜) ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi 1 Ì‹Ó· Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ ÂÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ, Ë Î·Î‹ Ù¯ÓÈ΋ Ï‹„˘ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÌÂÈÒıËΠ·fi 44% ÛÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹, Û 27% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘.(6) ∏ ·ÓÂ·Ú΋˜ Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ¿ÓÙˆ˜ ›‰ÈÔ ÌfiÓÔ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ∫·È Û ¿ÏÏ· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù·, fiˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÏË„›· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ˘¤ÚÙ·ÛË Ë Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi 40-50%.(20) 2. ªÂ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘Ìو̿وÓ. ∆· ∞§ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ fiÙÈ ÌÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó Ù· Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜.(1,3,5-14) ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ‰ÔÎÈ̷ۛ˜ ÙˆÓ Ó¢ÌfiÓˆÓ, Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Ú¿ÛË Â›Ó·È ÈÔ ‚·ıÌÈ·›· Î·È ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÛÙÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙˆÓ ‚2-‰ÈÂÁÂÚÙÒÓ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÓÔ¯‹, fiˆ˜ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ‚2-‰ÈÂÁ¤ÚÙ˜ ‚Ú·¯Â›·˜ Î·È Ì·ÎÚ¿˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘.(1,3,14) ∂›Û˘, Ù· ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹ ˘ÂÚ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙË Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È ÛÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ F∂V1, Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ٷ ∞§. ∏ ‰Ú¿ÛË fï˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›ˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÈÔ ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚË (¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ̤ÁÈÛÙ˘ ·fi‰ÔÛ˘ ۯ‰fiÓ Ì ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ‰fiÛË), ÂÓÒ Ë ÌÂÎÏÔÌÂı·˙fiÓË ÌfiÓÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi 7-10 ̤Ú˜ ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ó· ˘ÂÚ¤¯ÂÈ ÙˆÓ ∞§ ÂÓÒ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ì¤ÁÈÛÙÔ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Ù˘ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È 6 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜.(3,15) ∏ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ Ó·ÙÚÈÔ‡¯Ô˘ ¯ÚˆÌÔÁÏ˘Î›Ó˘, Â›Ó·È ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· Ì ÂΛӢ ÙˆÓ ∞§, Ì ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ fiÙÈ Ë ¯ÚˆÌÔÁÏ˘Î›ÓË ··ÈÙ› 1-3 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜, ÁÈ· Ó· Ê·Ó› Ë ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ Ù˘ Â›‰Ú·ÛË.(3,9) 3. ªÂ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÚÔ͢ÛÌÒÓ. ∆· ∞§ ÌÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÔ͢ÛÌÔ‡˜ ηٿ ÔÛÔÛÙfi 60-80%. ª¿ÏÈÛÙ· Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‚·Ú‡ ¿ÛıÌ· Ë Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÚÔ͢ÛÌÒÓ Â›Ó·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË.(4,21,22) ∏ Î¿Ï˘„Ë fï˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÏËÚ¤ÛÙÂÚË.(16) ™Â ÌÂϤÙË Û˘Á¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ∞§ Î·È ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠfiÙÈ Ë Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÚÔ͢ÛÌÒÓ, Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‚·Ú‡ ¿ÛıÌ·, Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ÚfiÏË„Ë Ù˘ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ Ù˘ ˈÛÈÓÔÊÈÏÈ΋˜ ηÙÈÔÓÈ΋˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ (∂Cƒ) Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¡O, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙÔÈ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ‹˜, Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ù˘ ÔÌ¿‰·˜ ÙÔ˘ placebo.(2,7) 4. µÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È Ù˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜. ∆· ∞§ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈ΋ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ÛÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ, Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ¿ÛÎËÛË. OÈ ·Ó·ÛÙÔÏ›˜ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ (Montelukast, Zafilukast, Pranlukast) ‰ÚÔ˘Ó ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÈÌË fiÛÔ Î·È ÛÙËÓ fi„ÈÌË ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈ΋ ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË, Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉ‹ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜

372

Ã. ∫·ÙÛ·Ú‰‹˜

·Ó·ÛÙÔÏ›˜ Ù˘ ‚ÈÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Ï¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ (Zileuton), Ô˘ ·ÚÂÌ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙËÓ fi„ÈÌË.(5) ∏ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Â›Ó·È ¤Î‰ËÏË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ∞§ ·ÏÏ¿ ÛËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Î·È ¿ÏÈ, fiÙÈ Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÔÏ›ÂÙ·È Û·ÊÒ˜ ÂΛӢ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ.(15) 5. ∫·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ÛÙË ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ¤Î‚·ÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô˘ Ó· ηٷ‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ ÛÙË ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ¤Î‚·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó fï˜ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ ·fi ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ fiÙÈ Ù· ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹ ·ÚÂÌ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â˘ÂÚÁÂÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ÚfiÁÓˆÛË Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Â›Ó·È ÙfiÛÔ ÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο, fiÛÔ ÈÔ ¤ÁηÈÚ· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È.(16) 6. ∂›Ó·È ·ÛÊ·Ï‹˜ Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. ∆· ∞§ ÛÙÂÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ‚·ÛÈÎÒ˜ ·ÚÂÓÂÚÁÂÈÒÓ Î·È ˘ÂÚÙÂÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ÙÔ̤· ·˘Ùfi ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ.(9) ∆Ô Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Churg - Strauss (ÂÎÛÂÛËÌ·Ṳ̂ÓË ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›·, ηډȷ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· Î·È ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏÈ΋ ·ÁÁÂÈ›Ùȉ·) ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠ۠ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ô˘ ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ∞§, Ï¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó ˘„ËϤ˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉÒÓ ‹ Î·È ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ·.(1,7) ™‹ÌÂÚ·, Ë Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¤˜ ·fi„ÂȘ ÁÈ· Ó· ÙÂı› Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ‡·ÚÍË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ÙÚÈÒÓ ÎÚÈÙËÚ›ˆÓ: (·) ¿ÛıÌ·, (‚) ˈÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›· (>1,5x109 ·ÙÙ·Ú·/L) Î·È (Á) ·ÁÁÂÈ›Ùȉ· Û ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·fi ‰‡Ô Â͈Ó¢ÌÔÓÈο fiÚÁ·Ó·. ∏ ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Û ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi 36-80/106, ÂÓÒ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ˘fi Û·ÏÌÂÙÂÚfiÏË Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ 43/106, ˘fi Ó‰ÔÎÚÔÌ›ÏË Û 62/106 Î·È ˘fi ∞§ Û 44-118/106 ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜.(23) ∆Ô Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Churg - Strauss ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÚ›· ÛÙ¿‰È·: 1Æ) ∂ȉ›ӈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜, Ì ÔÏÏ·Ϥ˜ ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈΤ˜ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ú·ÚÚÈÓÔÎÔÏ›Ùȉ˜.

2Æ) ∂ÎÛÂÛËÌ·Ṳ̂ÓË ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›· Î·È ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏÈΤ˜ ‰ÈËı‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ó¢ÌfiÓˆÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÌÊ·Ó›˜ ÛÙËÓ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· ıÒÚ·ÎÔ˜.

3Æ) ∏ˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏÈ΋ ·ÁÁÂÈ›Ùȉ· Ô˘ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÂÈ fiÏ· Ù· fiÚÁ·Ó·, ·ÏÏ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ· Î·È ÙÔ Ì˘ÔοډÈÔ. ∆Ô Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‡ÊÂÛË ÚÈÓ ÙÔ ÙÚ›ÙÔ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ. OÌÔ›ˆ˜, Ë ¤ÁηÈÚË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ˘„ËÏÒÓ ‰fiÛÂˆÓ ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ·, ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ÛÙ¿‰È·, ·Ó·ÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ. ™‹ÌÂÚ· Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ˘ Churg - Strauss ·Ô‰›‰ÂÙ·È fi¯È ÛÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§, ·ÏÏ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· Ì›ˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ, fiÙ·Ó ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ‡ÊÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Û˘Á¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ∞§. ∏ ‡ÊÂÛË fï˜ ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Ù›ÔÙ ¿ÏÏÔ, ·Ú¿ Ë Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÚÈÓ ÙÔ ÙÚ›ÙÔ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ˘ Churg - Strauss ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·373

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:367-374

‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂͤÏÈÍË. °È· ÙÔÓ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi, Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Ë Ï‹„Ë ·ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ ıÒÚ·ÎÔ˜ Î·È Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ËˆÛÈÓÔÊ›ÏˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ·Ó›¯Ó¢ÛË Èı·ÓÔ‡ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Churg - Strauss ÛÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ, ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ Ì›ˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ Û ·ÛıÂÓ‹, Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ‡ÊÂÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÌÂ Û˘Á¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ∞§.(24) O ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1 Û˘ÓÔ„›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈ΋ ıÂÚ·›·. ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. §fiÁÔÈ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚÈÂÓ›ˆÓ ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜.

1. ∞Ï‹ per os ıÂÚ·›·, Ì›· ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ.

2. Èڛ˜ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ.

3. ¶ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÛÙ·ıÂÚ‹ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙÔÏ‹.

4. ∞ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ηٿ ÌÂÛÔÏ·‚ËÙ‹ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂϤÁ¯ÂÙ·È ·fi Ù· ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ· ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉ‹.

5. ªÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÏÈ΋ ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ‹.

6. ªÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ ·ÚÔ͢ÛÌÒÓ.

7. µÂÏÙÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜.

8. ™˘Ó·ÁˆÓ›˙ÔÓÙ·È, ·Ó Î·È ˘ÔÏ›ÔÓÙ·È, ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ¯·ÌËÏ‹˜ ‰fiÛ˘ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ.

9. ÀÔ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ ‚2-‰ÈÂÁÂÚÙÒÓ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ.

10. ∞ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ÛÙÔ ¿ÛıÌ· ·fi ·ÛÈÚ›ÓË.

11. ∞ÛÊ·Ï‹˜ Î·È ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ ıÂÚ·›· ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ≥6 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ (5 mg Montelukast ËÌÂÚËÛ›ˆ˜).

12. £ÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÛÙËÓ ·ÏÏÂÚÁÈ΋ ÚÈÓ›Ùȉ·, Ì ·Ó·ÎÔ‡ÊÈÛË ·ÓÒÙÂÚÔ˘ Î·È Î·ÙÒÙÂÚÔ˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜.(3)

™˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο, Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· ÛËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ, Ë ı¤ÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÍ‹˜: 1. ◊ÈÔ ÂÈ̤ÓÔÓ ¿ÛıÌ·(20) (Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ‚Ú·¯Â›·˜ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜, fi¯È Û ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ‚¿ÛË, Ì Ӣ¯ÙÂÚÈÓ¤˜ ÂÓԯϋÛÂȘ - ·Ê˘Ó›ÛÂȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi ‰‡Ô ÊÔÚ¤˜/Ì‹Ó·). ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ· ÛÙÚ·ÙËÁÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ (GI¡∞), ÌÔÚ› Ó· ˘ÔηٷÛÙ‹ÛÂÈ Ù· ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÔ ÛÙ¿‰ÈÔ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È ˆ˜ ÌÔÓÔıÂÚ·›·. ∂ÈÛËÌ·›ÓÂÙ·È fï˜ Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÌÂÏÂÙÒÓ.(25) °È· ÙËÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÌÔÓÔıÂÚ·›·˜ ·fi ÌÂÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ÌÂÏÂÙËÙ¤˜ ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È Î¿ÔÈ· ‰˘ÛÈÛÙ›·.(14) 2. ª¤ÙÚÈÔ ÂÈ̤ÓÔÓ ¿ÛıÌ·(20,25) (ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù·, ¯Ú‹ÛË ‚2-‰ÈÂÁÂÚÙÒÓ Û ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ‚¿ÛË, Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜, Ó˘¯ÙÂÚÈÓ¤˜ ·Ê˘Ó›ÛÂȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi Ì›·/‚‰ÔÌ¿‰·). ∫˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓ‹,

AÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ· Î·È ¿ÛıÌ·

Ë Û˘ÓÂÚÁÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ì ٷ ¿ÏÏ· ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈο Ê¿Ú̷η Î·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ì›ˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ‰fiÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉÒÓ.

3. ¢È·Ï›ÔÓ ¿ÛıÌ·(20). À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÙÚÂȘ ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ Ù‡Ô ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∞˘ÙÔ› Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÛıÌ· ¿ÛÎËÛ˘, ·˘ÙÔ› Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ó˘¯ÙÂÚÈÓfi ¿ÛıÌ· Î·È ·˘ÙÔ› Ô˘ ÂÓ›ÔÙ ÂΉËÏÒÓÔ˘Ó ¿ÛıÌ· fiÙ·Ó ÂÎÙ›ıÂÓÙ·È Û ÂÚÂıÈÛÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·. ™Â ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ∞§ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ıˆÚËı› ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁË̤ÓË.

4. ™Â ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ¿ÏÏË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË, fiÙ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÊÙˆ¯‹ Û˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË Ì ٷ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓ·(20), ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ô ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ÛÙË ¯ÔÚËÁËı›۷ ıÂÚ·›· (14), ‹ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ·Ó ÂÈ‚¿ÏÂÙ·È Ë Ì›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ‚2-‰ÈÂÁÂÚÙÒÓ ‹ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ˘„ËÏ‹˜ ‰fiÛ˘ ÂÈÛÓÂfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ ÏfiÁˆ ¿ÌÂÛˆÓ ·ÓÂÈı‡ÌËÙˆÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈÒÓ ‹ Ù˘ ‡·Ú͢ ‚¿ÛÈÌ˘ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ·ÒÙÂÚˆÓ ·ÓÂÈı‡ÌËÙˆÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ. ™ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜, Ù· ∞§ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ÔÚËÁËıÔ‡Ó ‰ÔÎÈÌ·ÛÙÈο Ì ÛÙÂÓ‹ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∂Ô̤ӈ˜, Ù· ∞§ ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·Ó¿ÎÂÈ· ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÛıÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ Î·Ù·ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÙÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÓÙÈ·ÛıÌ·ÙÈÎfi ÔÏÔÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ. ¢›ÓÔ˘Ó fï˜, ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙ˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÔÏÏ·ÏÒÓ ÂÈÏÔÁÒÓ Î·È Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ ıÂÚ¿ÔÓÙ· π·ÙÚfi.

E˘¯·ÚÈÛٛ˜ ∏ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛ˘ ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙȘ ÂÈÛËÁ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Î.Î. ¡. ªÂÚ¿ÙË, £. ∆ÛÈÏÈÁÈ¿ÓÓË, ª. ∞ÓıÚ·ÎfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÁÁڷʤ· ÛÙÔ ÛÙÚÔÁÁ˘Ïfi ÙÚ·¤˙È ÙÔ˘ 37Ô˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˘ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ó‰ڛԢ ÙÔ 1999 ÛÙË £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË, Ì ı¤Ì· Ù· ·ÓÙÈÏ¢ÎÔÙÚȤÓÈ·. ∂ÎÊÚ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÈÏÈÎÚÈÓ›˜ ¢¯·ÚÈÛٛ˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú·¿Óˆ Û˘Ó·‰¤ÏÊÔ˘˜ Î·È È‰È·ÈÙ¤Úˆ˜ ÛÙÔÓ Î·ıËÁËÙ‹ Î. ¡. ªÂÚ¿ÙË ÁÈ· Ù· ‡ÛÙÔ¯· Î·È ÂÔÈÎÔ‰ÔÌËÙÈο Û¯fiÏÈ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘.

µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Wood A. Treatment of asthma with drugs modifying the leukotriene pathway. N EngI J Med 1999;340:197-206.

2. Dahlen S. Lipid mediator pathways in the lung: leukotrienes as a new target for treatment of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28 (SuppI):197-202.

3. Lipworth B. Leukotriene - receptor antagonists. Lancet 1999;353:57-62.

4. Holgate S. Concluding remarks. Eur Respir Rev 1998;8:1063-1064.

5. Leff J. Leucotriene modifiers as novel therapeutics in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28(SuppI):116-122.

6. Sampson A. The pharmacology of leukotriene receptor antagonists. Eur Respir Rev 1998;8:1037-1041.

7. Fost D, Spahn J. The leukotriene modifiers: A new class of asthma medication. Contemp Pediatrics 1998;15:95-107.

8. Reiss T, Chervinsky P, Dokhorn R, Shingo S, Seidenberg

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10.

11.

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13.

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16.

B, Edwards T. Montelukast, a once-daily leukotriene receptor antagonist, in the treatment of chronic asthma.

Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1213-1220.

Knorr B, Matz J, Bernstein J, Nguyen H, Seidenberg B, Reiss T, Becker A. Montelukast for chronic asthma in 6- to 14-year-old children. JAMA 1998;279:1181-1186.

Kemp J, Dockborn R, Shapiro G, Nguyen H, Reiss T, Seidenberg B, Knorr B. Montelukast once daily inhibits exercise - induced bronchoconstriction in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma. J Pediatr 1998;133:424-428.

Sanak M, Simon U, Szczeklik A. Leukotriene C4 synthase promoter polymorphism and risk of aspirin- induced asthma. Lancet 1997;350:1599-1600.

Israel E, Cohn J, Dube L, Drazen M. Effect of treatment with zileuton, a 5- lipoxygenase inhibitor, in patients with asthma. JAMA 1996;275:931-936.

Leff J, Busse W, Pearlman D, Bronsky E, Kemp J, Hendeles L, Dokhorn R, Kundu S, Zhang J, Seidenberg B, Reiss T. Montelukast, a leukortriene -receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise - induced bronchoconstriction. N EngI J Med 1998;339:147-152.

Virchow J. Clinical efficacy of the leukotriene receptor antagonists in mild, moderate and severe asthma. Eur Respir Rev 1998;8:1042-1045.

Malmstrom K, Rodriguez-Gomez G, Guerra J, Villaran C, Pineiro A, Wei L, Seidenberg B, Reiss T. Oral Montelukast, inhaled Beclomethasone and placebo for chronic asthma.

Ann Intern Med 1999;130:487-495.

Should antileukotriene therapies be used instead of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma? [Editorial]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:1697-1701.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 22-02-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 25-07-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ÿÚ˘ ∫·ÙÛ·Ú‰‹˜ ∫·˝ÚË 21, ¡. ™Ì‡ÚÓË 17122

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17. Bousquet J. Factors affecting compliance in patients with mild astma. Eur Respir Rev 1997;7:318-320.

18. Cochrane M. Compliance in astma. Eur Respir Rev 1998;8:348-350.

19. £ÂÔ‰ˆÚ·ÎfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ¶, ∫·ÙÛ·Ú‰‹˜ Ã, ÷Ù˙ËÌȯ·‹Ï ∞, ∞Ú‚·ÓÈÙ›‰Ô˘ µ, ∆ÛÂÚÌÂÓ›‰Ë˜ π, ∞Ó‰ÚÔ˘Ï¿Î˘ π. ∏ ÛˆÛÙ‹ ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙˆÓ Aerosols ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿. [¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë]. 30Ô ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎfi ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈÔ; 1992 13-14 πÔ˘Ó›Ô˘; §ÂÌÂÛfi˜, ∫‡ÚÔ˜; 1992:69 µ∞.

20. Kemp J. The place of leukotriene receptor antagonists in adressing unmet needs including practical guidelines for prescribing physicians. Eur Respir Rev 1998;8:1059-1062.

21. O' Bryne M, Israel E, Drazen J. Antileukotrienes in the treatment of astma. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:472-480.

22. Horwitz J, McGill K, Busse W. The role of leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1363-1371.

23. Hart B. Replacing or reducing high dose oral corticosteroids with alternative asthma controller therapies: implications for leukotriene receptor antagonists. Eur Respir Rev 1998;8:1056-1058.

24. Barnes N. Replacing or reducing high - dose oral corticosteroids with alternative asthma contrloller therapies: implications for leukotriene receptor antagonists. Eur Respir Rev 1998;8:1054-1055.

25. Global Initiative for Asthma. NHLBI/ WHO Workshop report.

National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Publication NÆ 96 - 3659 B, November 1998.

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∂•∂§π•∂π™ ™∆∏¡ π∞∆ƒπ∫∏

∆Ô Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Ú¿ÍË ª·Ú›· ªÔ˘ÛÙ¿ÎË1, ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ °È¿ÏÏÔ˘ÚÔ˜2

● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ∏ ηٷÛ΢‹ ‡ηÌÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË ‰È·ÚÎÒ˜ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÁÈ· ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Û ·È‰È¿ οı ËÏÈΛ·˜ ÁÈ· ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜. µÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿, Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È ÛÂ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹ ‹ Â›ÌÔÓÔ ÛÈÁÌfi, Â›ÌÔÓË Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹, Â›ÌÔÓË ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›·, Â›ÌÔÓ˜ ‹ ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û˜ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‰ÈËı‹ÛÂȘ, Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‚Ï¿‚˜ ·ÁÓÒÛÙÔ˘ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜, ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ ‚‹¯·, ·ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË, ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ·ÛıÂÓ‹ ˘Ô„›· ͤÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, ˘Ô„›· ‚Ï¿‚˘ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰È·ÛˆÏ‹ÓˆÛË ‹ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÛÙÔÌ›·, ˘Ô„›· ÙÚ·˘Ì·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂÈÛÓÔ‹ ‹ ÂÈÛÚfiÊËÛË ÙÔÍÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ, Ï‹„Ë ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ ‹ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÌÈÎÚÔ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‹ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË Î·È Ï‹„Ë Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ‹ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÈÔ„›·˜. £ÂÚ·¢ÙÈο ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË ÂÎÎÚ›ÛˆÓ, ÁÈ· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏ˘‰È΋ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË Î·È Û ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ‰È·ÛˆÏ‹ÓˆÛË. µÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Ì ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Î·Ù·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÈʤÚÔ˘Ó ‡ÓÔ ‹ ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈο ˘fi ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›·. ∂ÈÏÔΤ˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ÌÈÎÚfi ·ÚÈıÌfi ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÓËı¤ÛÙÂÚ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ˘ÔÍ›·, Ë Î·Ú‰È·Î‹ ·ÚÚ˘ıÌ›·, Ô Ï·Ú˘ÁÁfiÛ·ÛÌÔ˜ ‹ ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ˜, Ë ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·Á›· Î.¿. ∏ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ·fi ÂÎ·È‰Â˘Ì¤ÓÔ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi Û ηٿÏÏËÏ· ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔ ¯ÒÚÔ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ Î·È ÂÓ›ÔÙ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:375-381. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË, ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎfi ¤ÎÏ˘Ì·, ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ‚ÈÔ„›·.

M. Moustaki, P. Giallouros. The use of flexible bronchoscopy in children. Paediatriki 2000;63:375-381. ● Abstract: The use of the flexible bronchoscope for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in pediatrics has increased significantly since 1978 when the use of the flexible bronchoscope of appropriate size for paediatric applications was first described. The indications for flexible bronchoscopy are mainly diagnostic: stridor, persistent wheezing, persistent atelectasis, persistent or recurrent pulmonary infiltrates, lung lesions of unknown etiology, chronic cough, hemoptysis, selective bronchography, remote suspicion of trancheobronchial foreign body, assessment of airways for injury, to obtain biopsy samples, samples of secretions and/or cells. The flexible bronchoscope can also be used for therapeutic purposes such as removal of plugs or airway secretions, bronchoalveolar lavage and difficult intubations. Sedation is usually preferable to general anesthesia for pediatric flexible bronchoscopy. Complications, which are generally rare, include hypoxia, cardiac arrhythmia, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, hemorrhage etc. The flexible bronchoscope is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the hands of a skilled bronchoscopist supported by well trained personnel.

Key words: flexible bronchoscope, pediatric bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial biopsy.

∆· ÚÒÙ· ‡ηÌÙ· ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈ·, ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó ηٿÏÏËÏ· ÁÈ· ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎfiËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ, ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ‰È·ÌÂÙÚ‹Ì·Ùfi˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ηٷÛ΢‹ fï˜, ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ 1978, ‡ηÌÙÔ˘ 1 2

‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘(1) ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜, Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË ‰È·ÚÎÒ˜ ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ Û ·È‰È¿ οı ËÏÈΛ·˜ ÁÈ· ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜.

µ' ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∞ıËÓÒÓ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ "ª·Î¿ÚÈÔ˜ πππ" §Â˘ÎˆÛ›·˜

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¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:375-381

∆Ô Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ Ì Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÌÂÙÚÔ 2,2 mm ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Î·È ‚Ú¤ÊË. ¢ÂÓ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ‰›·˘ÏÔ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ó· ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÎfiËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ fi¯È fï˜ Î·È ÙË Ï‹„Ë ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ. ∆Ô ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎfi ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, Ì Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÌÂÙÚÔ 3,4-3,6 mm Â›Ó·È Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏÔ ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ‚ÚÂÊÒÓ Î·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ(2). ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· 2 cm ÙÔ˘ ¿ˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡ Â›Ó·È Â‡Î·ÌÙ· Î·È Â›Ó·È Û ı¤ÛË Ó· Û¯ËÌ·Ù›ÛÔ˘Ó ÁˆÓ›· ̤¯ÚÈ 180o, ÚÔ˜ ÙË Ì›· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË Î·È 130o ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙË. ¢È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ‰›·˘ÏÔ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ 1,2 mm, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ¤Á¯˘ÛË ˘ÁÚÒÓ, ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙË Ï‹„Ë ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ì ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏ˘‰È΋ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË, ·Ï‹ „‹ÎÙÚ· ‹ Ì Ϸ‚›‰· ‚ÈÔ„›·˜. °È· ·È‰È¿ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÙˆÓ 7 ÂÙÒÓ(3) ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› Î·È ÙÔ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÂÓËϛΈÓ, Ì Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÌÂÙÚÔ 4,9 mm Î·È Ì ‰›·˘ÏÔ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ 2,2 mm. ∆Ô ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÂÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ¤˜ Î·È Â›Ó·È Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏÔ ÁÈ· Ï‹„Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ Î·È ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÈÔ„›·˜ Ì Ϸ‚›‰· ‹ Ì „‹ÎÙÚ·, ·Ï‹ ‹ ÚÔÛÙ·ÙÂ˘Ì¤ÓË. ∂Ӊ›ÍÂȘ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ‡ηÌÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ¢È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ªÂ ‚¿ÛË ÙȘ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ Ù˘ ∞ÌÂÚÈηÓÈ΋˜ ¶Ó¢ÌÔÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ∂Ù·ÈÚ›·˜(4) (American Thoracic Society) ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ fiÙ·Ó Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ì¤ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ı· ÚÔ·„Ô˘Ó ¯Ú‹ÛÈ̘ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ·ÔÎÙËıÔ‡Ó Ì ·ÏÔ‡ÛÙÂÚ˜ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ. ¢È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È ÛÂ(2,4,5): 1) Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹ ‹ Â›ÌÔÓÔ ÛÈÁÌfi, 2) Â›ÌÔÓË Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹ 3) Â›ÌÔÓË ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›·, 4) Â›ÌÔÓ˜ ‹ ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û˜ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‰ÈËı‹ÛÂȘ, 5) Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‚Ï¿‚˜ ·ÁÓÒÛÙÔ˘ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜, 6) ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ ‚‹¯·, 7) ·ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË, 8) ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÚ·Ê›·, 9) ·ÛıÂÓ‹ ˘Ô„›· ‡·Ú͢ ͤÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, 10) ˘Ô„›· ‚Ï¿‚˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰È·ÛˆÏ‹ÓˆÛË ‹ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÛÙÔÌ›·, 11) ˘Ô„›· ÙÚ·˘Ì·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂÈÛÓÔ‹ ‹ ÂÈÛÚfiÊËÛË ÙÔÍÈÎÒÓ Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ, 12) Ï‹„Ë ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ ‹ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÌÈÎÚÔ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Î·È Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË Î·È 13) Ï‹„Ë Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Ì „‹ÎÙÚ· Î·È ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÈÔ„›·˜ Ì ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ‹ ‰È·‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ‚ÈÔ„›·. ™ÈÁÌfi ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ‹ ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈΤ˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿Ú˘ÁÁ·, fiˆ˜ Â›Û˘ ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ Ù˘ ÙÚ·¯Â›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÛÔÊ¿ÁÔ˘ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ¿ÛÎËÛË ›ÂÛ˘ ÂÎ ÙˆÓ ¤Íˆ ÛÙÔÓ Ï¿Ú˘ÁÁ· ‹ ÙËÓ ÙÚ·¯Â›·(6).

376

ª. ªÔ˘ÛÙ¿ÎË, ¶. °È¿ÏÏÔ˘ÚÔ˜

∆ÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ˘ÂÚÁψÙÙȉÈ΋˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ÛÈÁÌfi, ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÈ ÙË Û˘Ó‡·ÚÍË ˘ÔÁψÙÙȉÈÎÒÓ ·ÓˆÌ·ÏÈÒÓ. °È· ÙÔÓ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘ÙfiÓ, Ë ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ì ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÛÈÁÌfi Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÂÈÛÎfiËÛË fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿Ú˘ÁÁ·, ·ÏÏ¿ fiÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ˘(7,8). O Wood ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛÂ Û˘ÓÔ‰fi ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›· ÛÙËÓ ÙÚ·¯Â›· ‹ ÛÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎfi ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ Û 15% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÛÈÁÌfi(7). ∂Í¿ÏÏÔ˘, ÔÈ Nussbaum Î·È Û˘Ó.(8) ‚Ú‹Î·Ó Û˘ÓÔ‰¤˜ ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈΤ˜ ˘ÔÁψÙÙȉÈΤ˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ Û 18% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÌÂ Ï·Ú˘ÁÁÔ̷ϷΛ·. OÈ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘Óԉ‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÛÈÁÌfi(6-8) Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 1. ªÂ ÙÔ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÔÈ ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈΤ˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 1 ·ÔηχÙÔÓÙ·È Â‡ÎÔÏ· Ì ÂÍ·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ Ï·Ú˘ÁÁÔÙÚ·¯ÂÈ·Îfi-ÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈÎfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· Î·È ÙÔ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈÎfi Û˘Ú›ÁÁÈÔ Ù‡Ô˘ ∏. ™ËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ì ÙÔ Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÂϤÁ¯ÂÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ÙÔ Ô›ÛıÈÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿Ú˘ÁÁ· Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ ÙÚÈÙËÌÔÚ›Ô˘ Ù˘ ÙÚ·¯Â›·˜. ŒÙÛÈ, Û ˘Ô„›· ‡·Ú͢ ÌÈ·˜ ·fi ÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜, ÚÔÙÈÌ¿Ù·È Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÙÔ ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ(9,10). ∏ Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹ Ô˘ ÂÈ̤ÓÂÈ ‹ ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙ÂÈ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙÔÏ‹ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Â›Û˘ Û˘¯Ó‹ ·ÈÙ›· ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛ˘. ∞Ó·‰ÚÔÌÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ·È‰È·ÙÚÈο ΤÓÙÚ·(11) Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Û·Ó ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ 15,5% ÙˆÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÒÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ‹ÛÂˆÓ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Ì ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ÙËÓ Â›ÌÔÓË ‹ ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û· Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹. ™Â ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË(12) ÛÙȘ ∏¶∞ Ë ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ¤‰ÂÈÍ ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈ΋ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›· Û 57% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ̤¯ÚÈ 18 ÌËÓÒÓ Ì ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û· Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹, Ë ÔÔ›· ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈο ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ì ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈο Ê¿Ú̷η. ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. ∞Ó·ÙÔÌÈΤ˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ Û ·È‰È¿ Ì ÛÈÁÌfi. §·Ú˘ÁÁÔ̷ϷΛ· ¶¿ÚÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÊˆÓËÙÈÎÒÓ ¯ÔÚ‰ÒÓ §·Ú˘ÁÁÈ΋ ‹ ÙÚ·¯Âȷ΋ ÌÂÌ‚Ú¿ÓË §·Ú˘ÁÁÈ΋ ‹ Î·È ÙÚ·¯Âȷ΋ ÛÙ¤ÓˆÛË §·Ú˘ÁÁÈ΋ ‹ ˘ÔÁψÙÙȉÈ΋ ·ÛÙË (Û·ÓÈfiÙÂÚ· fiÁÎÔ˜) §·Ú˘ÁÁÔÙÚ·¯ÂÈ·Îfi-ÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈÎfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· ∆Ú·¯ÂÈÔÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈÎfi Û˘Ú›ÁÁÈÔ ÀÔÁψÙÙȉÈÎfi ·ÈÌ·ÁÁ›ˆÌ· ∆Ú·¯ÂÈÔ̷ϷΛ· ¶›ÂÛË Ù˘ ÙÚ·¯Â›·˜ ·fi ·ÁÁÂȷ΋ ‰˘ÛÏ·Û›· ÀÂÚÙÚÔÊ›· ·‰ÂÓÔÂȉÒÓ Â΂ϷÛÙ‹ÛˆÓ, ·Ì˘Á‰·ÏÒÓ

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·377

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:375-381

™ËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ·, fiÙÈ ÙÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈÎÒÓ ·ÓˆÌ·ÏÈÒÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ÙˆÓ ‚ÚÂÊÒÓ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ̤¯ÚÈ 6 ÌËÓÒÓ. ∏ ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›· ÙˆÓ ·ıÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Â˘ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‚Ú¤ıËΠ·ÎfiÌË ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË(5) (87%) Û ·È‰È¿ Ì Â›ÌÔÓË Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹. ÃÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÚfiÛıÂÙ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ÔÚÈÔıÂÙËıÔ‡Ó Â·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ Ù· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· Ì ٷ ÔÔ›· ÂÈϤÁÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ηÙËÁÔÚ›·˜. ¶·È‰È¿ Ì Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‰ÈËı‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘Ó ‹ ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ‹ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÔ˘Ó ·Û˘Ó‹ıÈÛÙ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ¤ÎÙ·ÛË, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi Ù˘¯fiÓ ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈÎÒÓ ·ÓˆÌ·ÏÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ˘, ΢ڛˆ˜ fï˜, ÁÈ· ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ ‹ Î·È ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜(13) (ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· Î·È Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË).

O ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ˜ ‚‹¯·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Â›Û˘ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛ˘ fiÙ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi, ÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙ› ÙÔ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û ¿ÛıÌ·, ÈÓÔ΢ÛÙÈ΋ ÓfiÛÔ, ÈÁÌÔÚ›Ùȉ·, Á·ÛÙÚÔÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈ΋ ·ÏÈÓ‰ÚfiÌËÛË ‹ „˘¯ÔÁÂÓ‹ ·›ÙÈ·(2). ™Â ·˘Ù‹ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰ÈÂÚ¢ÓËı› ÙÔ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Í¤ÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔ̷ϷΛ·˜ ‹ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô̷ϷΛ·˜ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Û·Ó›ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÂΉËψıÔ‡Ó Ì Â›ÌÔÓÔ ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ ‚‹¯·(2,14). ∏ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Û ·È‰› Ì ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ·ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË, fiÙ·Ó Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, ··ÈÙ› ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ÚÔÛÔ¯‹, ‰ÈfiÙÈ Ë ÌÈÎÚ‹ ‰È¿ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰›·˘ÏÔ˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ηıÈÛÙ¿ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ÙËÓ ·ÈÌfiÛÙ·ÛË. °È· ÙÔÓ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi, Û ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·Á›· Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ÚÔÙÈÌ¿Ù·È Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔ ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÌÂÙÚÔ Î·È ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË Î·È ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ·ÈÌfiÛÙ·Û˘(2,5,9,10). ∏ ÂÓÂÚÁfi˜ fï˜ Ì·˙È΋ ·ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Û ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, ÙȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÔÎ·Ï˘Êı› Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Ë ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·Á›·. ªÂÙ¿ fï˜ ÙËÓ ‡ÊÂÛË Ù˘ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·Á›·˜, Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„Ë Ù˘ ÂÛÙ›·˜ fiÙ·Ó Ë ‚Ï¿‚Ë Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰Ô‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ (.¯. ÂÈÔÏ‹˜ ÙÔȯˆÌ·ÙÈÎfi ·ÈÌ·ÁÁ›ˆÌ·) Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘. ∞ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ̷ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÛÙÔÌ›· Â›Ó·È ÛÎfiÈÌÔ Ó· ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎÔÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔۈϋӷ, ÁÈ· Ó· ÂϤÁ¯ÂÙ·È ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ÛÙÔÌ›·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·Ù˘¯ı› ÎÔÎÎȈ̷Ù҉˘ ÈÛÙfi˜ ‹ ˘ÂÚÙÚÔÊ›· ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘(5,9). ¢ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ú·Ï›ÂÙ·È Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ fiÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ˘, ÁÈ·Ù› ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û¿ÓȘ ÔÈ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÙÚ·˘Ì·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÛÙ¤ÓˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ˘ ·fi ÙȘ ·Ó·ÚÚÔÊ‹ÛÂȘ Ì ηıÂÙ‹Ú·. ∞Ó Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ë ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÛÙÔÌ›· ¤ÁÈÓ ÁÈ·Ù› ˘‹Ú¯Â ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿Ú˘ÁÁ·, Û˘ÓÈÛٿٷÈ

∆Ô Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ

Ó· ÂϤÁ¯ÔÓÙ·È ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔۈϋӷ Ë ·Ó·ÙÔÌ›· Î·È Ë ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿Ú˘ÁÁ·. ™Â ˘Ô„›· ͤÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÌfiÓÔ fiÙ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÓÈÁÌÔÓ‹˜ ‹ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÏϘ ÈÛ¯˘Ú¤˜ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ‹ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÂÈÛÚfiÊËÛ˘ ͤÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∂Ô̤ӈ˜, ÙÔ Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Í¤ÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ ‚‹¯·, Â›ÌÔÓË Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹ ‹ Â›ÌÔÓË ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›· ‹ Ó¢ÌÔÓ›·. ∆ÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ͤÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿Î·ÌÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘(9,15). ∏ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Â·ÚÎÔ‡˜ ηٷÛÙÔÏ‹˜ Î·È ÙÔÈ΋˜ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›·˜ ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÙÔ Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ÙË ÌÈÎÚ‹ Û¯ÂÙÈο Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ÌÂٷΛÓËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ͤÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ˘ ‚‹¯·. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÙÔ Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ‚ÚÂı› ͤÓÔ ÛÒÌ·, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÌËÓ ÂȉÈÒÎÂÙ·È Ë ·Ê·›ÚÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· Ó· ·ÔʇÁÂÙ·È Ô Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ˜ ÌÂٷΛÓËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚·ı‡ÙÂÚ· ÛÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎfi ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ. ∏ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙË ‰›Ô‰Ô ‰È·Ì¤ÛÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ۈϋӷ ÙˆÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙˆÓ Ï·‚›‰ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ Û‡ÏÏË„Ë Î·È ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÙÔ˘ ͤÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∆Ô Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ¤ÏÂÛË ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈ΋˜ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜(2,16,17). ∏ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÛÎÈÂÚ‹ Ô˘Û›· ÂÁ¯¤ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ‹ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹, ·ÊÔ‡ ÚÔËÁÔ˘Ì¤Óˆ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÈÛÎÔËı› ÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎfi ‰¤Ó‰ÚÔ Î·È ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙ› Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈÎÒÓ ·ÓˆÌ·ÏÈÒÓ ‹ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÔÛfiÙËÙ·˜ ‚ϤÓÓ·˜ Ô˘ ı· Â¤‚·ÏÏ ÙËÓ ·Ó·‚ÔÏ‹ ‹ ÙË Ì·Ù·›ˆÛË Ù˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜. ∂Âȉ‹ Ë ·ÎÙÈÓÔÛÎÈÂÚ‹ Ô˘Û›· ¤¯ÂÈ ˘„ËÏfi ÈÍ҉˜, ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ÂÁ¯¤ÂÙ·È Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙÔ ‰›·˘ÏÔ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Î·È ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ‡ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ fiÚÁ·ÓÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÔÏÔÎÏ‹ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÂͤٷÛ˘. ™˘ÓÔ„›˙ÔÓÙ·˜, Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ·›ÙÈ· ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ‡ηÌÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘, Ù· ÔÔ›· Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ÁÈ· 55-60% ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛ˘ Ì ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, Ô˘ ÂÎÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ·È‰È·ÙÚÈο ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂȷο ΤÓÙÚ·(5,11), Â›Ó·È Ô Â›ÌÔÓÔ˜ ÛÈÁÌfi˜, Ë Â›ÌÔÓË ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›·, ÔÈ Â›ÌÔÓ˜ ‹ ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û˜ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ‰ÈËı‹ÛÂȘ, Ë ˘ÔÙÚÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û· Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈο. ∏ ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ‰È·Ê¤ÚÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙËÓ ·ÈÙ›· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Á›ÓÂÙ·È. ™Ù· Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈο ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›· Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È, fiˆ˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁ›ÛÙËΠ۠ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË(11), ·fi 4981%. ∞Ô‰ÔÙÈÎfiÙÂÚË Â›Ó·È fiÙ·Ó Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ÙÔÓ ÛÈÁÌfi. ∞Ó¿ÏÔÁË ÌÂϤÙË(18) ÛÙÔ πÛÚ·‹Ï, ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ Ù· ÂÈÛÎÔÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎfiËÛ˘ Ì ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ Û˘Ó¤‚·Ï·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÛÙËÓ

377

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·378

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:375-381

·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË 67,5% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÈÙ›· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ¤ÁÈÓÂ Ë ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎfiËÛË. ∆· ÂÈÛÎÔÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ٷ Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ·fi ÙËÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Î·È ÙË ÌÈÎÚÔ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ ·ԉ›¯ıËΠfiÙÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÛËÌ·Û›· ÁÈ· 90% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ(18) Ô˘ ÂÂϤÁËÛ·Ó Ì ÔÚıÔÏÔÁÈο ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·. £ÂÚ·¢ÙÈΤ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ‡ηÌÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ™˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È ÁÈ·(2,17): ·) ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ‚˘ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‚ϤÓÓ˘, ‚) ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈ΋ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË Î·È Á) ‰È·ÛˆÏ‹ÓˆÛË Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì ¿ÏÏÔ ÙÚfiÔ. ªÂ ÙÔ Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ‚˘ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‚ϤÓÓ˘ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·ÙÂÏÂÎÙ·Û›· ‹ ÂÈ‚·Ú‡ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· Û ‰È·ÛˆÏËӈ̤ӷ ·È‰È¿. ∏ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‚˘ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Î·ıÂÙ‹ÚˆÓ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ¿ÓÙÔÙ ÂÊÈÎÙ‹, ‰ÈfiÙÈ Èı·ÓfiÓ Ë ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ‚‡ÛÌ· Ó· ÌËÓ Â›Ó·È ÚÔÛÈÙ‹ ‹ Ë ‚ϤÓÓ· Ó· Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ·¯‡ÚÚ¢ÛÙË ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌËÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛ‹ Ù˘. ™ËÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ·¯‡ÚÚ¢ÛÙˆÓ ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓË ¤Á¯˘ÛË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÔÚÔ‡. ∏ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈ΋ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË Ì Â·ÓÂÈÏËÌ̤Ó˜ ÂÁ¯‡ÛÂȘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÔÚÔ‡ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈο ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Ôχ ·¯‡ÚÚ¢ÛÙˆÓ ÂÎÎÚ›ÛˆÓ. ∏ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË, ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÙÔ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ Ë Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙ·Ó ÙÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ Ù˘ ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛ˘ Á›ÓÂÈ ‰È·˘Á¤˜. ∆Ô ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› Û ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ˘ ‰È·ÛˆÏ‹ÓˆÛ˘(10,19,20) ‰ÈfiÙÈ ¤ÙÛÈ Á›ÓÂÙ·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔۈϋӷ ˘fi ¿ÌÂÛË ÂÈÛÎfiËÛË. ∏ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ·˘Ù‹ ¤¯ÂÈ È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì οΈÛË ‹ ·ÚıÚ›Ùȉ· Ù˘ ·˘¯ÂÓÈ΋˜ ÌÔ›Ú·˜ Ù˘ ÛÔÓ‰˘ÏÈ΋˜ ÛÙ‹Ï˘, ÎÚ·ÓÈÔÚÔÛˆÈΤ˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ (.¯. Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Pierre Robin) ‹ Ì¿˙· ÛÙËÓ ÙÚ·¯ËÏÈ΋ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ (.¯. ΢ÛÙÈÎfi ‡Áڈ̷). ∞ÓÙÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ‡ηÌÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ∞ÓÙÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÙÔ Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ(2) ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó: 1) Ë ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Í¤ÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, 2) Ë Ì·˙È΋ ·ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË, 3) Ë ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈ΋ ‰È¿ıÂÛË, 4) Ë ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ˘ÔÍ›· ‹ Î·È ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ·fiÊÚ·ÍË ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ, 6) Ë ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ ·ÛÙ¿ıÂÈ· Î·È 7) Ë Î·Ú‰È·Î‹ ·ÚÚ˘ıÌ›·. ªÂÚÈΤ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ·ÓÙÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ¯Ú‹Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·fiÏ˘Ù˜ ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛ˘ Ì ÙÔ ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ. ∞˘Ù¤˜ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó(9,10,21): ·) ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Í¤ÓÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‚) ÙË Ì·˙È΋ ·ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË, Á) ÙË ÛÔ‚·Ú‹

378

ª. ªÔ˘ÛÙ¿ÎË, ¶. °È¿ÏÏÔ˘ÚÔ˜

˘ÔÍ›· (Ì ÙÔ ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ Ë ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌË Ô‰fi˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·Î›ÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·¤Ú· Â›Ó·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ‰È·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘, ÁÈ·Ù› Ô ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ·Ó·Ó¤ÂÈ Ì¤Û· ·fi ÙÔ ÛˆÏ‹Ó· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ Î·È fi¯È Á‡Úˆ ·fi ÙÔ ÛˆÏ‹Ó· ÙÔ˘ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘) Î·È ‰) ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÎfiËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ô›ÛıÈÔ˘ ÙÔȯÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿Ú˘ÁÁ· Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ ÙÚÈÙËÌÔÚ›Ô˘ Ù˘ ÙÚ·¯Â›·˜, ÁÈ· ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌfi Ï·Ú˘ÁÁÈÎÔ‡ ÂÏÏ›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹ ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÚÈÁÁ›Ô˘ Ù‡Ô˘ ∏. ¶ÚÔÂÙÔÈÌ·Û›· - ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔÂ›Ù·È ∏ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ‡ηÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Â›Ù Ì ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Î·Ù·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÈʤÚÔ˘Ó ‡ÓÔ(2) ‹ ˘fi ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›·, ÂÓÒ Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÙÔ ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ··ÈÙ› ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›·. ¶ÚÔÙÈÌ¿Ù·È Ë ÂÓ‰ÔÊϤ‚È· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Î·È fi¯È Ë ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚΋ ‹ Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋. ∞Ó·‰ÚÔÌÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÂ Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›· ÙÔ 1994, ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ Ë Ìȉ·˙ÔÏ¿ÌË ÌfiÓË ‹ ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ¿ÏÏ· Ê¿Ú̷η Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Ê¿ÚÌ·ÎÔ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ηٷÛÙÔÏ‹(11). °È· ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÛËÌ›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ηٷÛÙ·Ï̤ÓÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘Ì¤ÓÔ ÚÔÛˆÈÎfi Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÚÔÙ›ÌËÛË ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛÈÔÏfiÁÔ˜(22). °È· ÙÔÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›· ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ¤Á¯˘ÛË ÏȉÔη˝Ó˘ ÛÙË Ì‡ÙË, ÛÙȘ ʈÓËÙÈΤ˜ ¯ÔÚ‰¤˜ Î·È ÛÙÔ Î·ÙÒÙÂÚÔ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. ∏ ηٷÛÙÔÏ‹ ÏÂÔÓÂÎÙ› Ù˘ ÁÂÓÈ΋˜ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ¿Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ, ‰ÈfiÙÈ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„Ë ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ (ÙÚ·¯ÂÈÔ̷ϷΛ·, ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô̷ϷΛ· Î.Ï.)(7), ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· Û˘ÁÎ·Ï˘ÊıÔ‡Ó fiÙ·Ó Ô ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ô Ì˘˚Îfi˜ ÙfiÓÔ˜ ηٷÛÙ·ÏÔ‡Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο. ∏ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔÂ›Ù·È Ì ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ηډȷÎÔ‡ Î·È ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÚÂÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ·ÈÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚ›Ó˘ Û O2 Î·È Ù˘ ÛˆÛÙ‹˜ ı¤Û˘ Ù˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ. ∆ÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ¤ÌÊ·ÛË fiÙÈ Ë ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È fi¯È ·fi ÙÔÓ È·ÙÚfi Ô˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›, ·ÏÏ¿ ·fi ¿ÏÏÔ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏ· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘Ì¤ÓÔ ¿ÙÔÌÔ(2,5). ¶ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛ˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ô ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˜ ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌfi˜ Î·È Ù· ··Ú·›ÙËÙ· Ê¿Ú̷η ÁÈ· ηډÈÔ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿ÓË„Ë. ªÂ ÂÍ·›ÚÂÛË ÙË ªÔÓ¿‰· ∂ÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ ¡ÔÛËÏ›·˜, ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏ›ÓË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, ÔÈ ı¿Ï·ÌÔÈ ÙˆÓ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›ˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ¯ÒÚÔ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏÔ ÁÈ· ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË.

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·379

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:375-381

∂ÈÏÔΤ˜ Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎfiËÛ˘ Ì ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ¢È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È Û ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÂÈÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ηٿ ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË, Î·È ÛÙ· Ê¿Ú̷η Ô˘ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÚÈÓ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË(2,5).

OÈ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ Ô˘ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ›‰È· ÙËÓ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ‰È·ÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÂ: 1) §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ·) ÀÔÍ›·. ¢ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·Û˘Ó‹ı˘ ÂÈÏÔ΋ Î·È ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆÈÛÙ› Ì ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘ ‰È· ̤ÛÔ˘ Ì¿Ûη˜ ÚÔÛÒÔ˘(23), ÚÈÓÈÎÒÓ ÛˆÏËÓ·Ú›ˆÓ ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰È·‡ÏÔ˘ ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛ˘. ‚) ÀÂÚηÓ›·. Á) ∫·Ú‰È·Î‹ ·ÚÚ˘ıÌ›·. ∏ ‰È¤ÁÂÚÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÔÁ·ÛÙÚÈÎÔ‡, Ë ˘ÔÍ›·, Ë ·ÓÂ·Ú΋˜ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·›ÙÈ· ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ˘ ·ÚÚ˘ıÌ›·˜. ‰) §·Ú˘ÁÁfiÛ·ÛÌÔ˜, ‚ÚÔÁ¯fiÛ·ÛÌÔ˜. ∞ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ¿ÛıÌ· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÚÔÂÙÔÈÌ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏ· Ì ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô‰È·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎÒÓ ‹/Î·È ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· Î·È ÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘.

2) ªË¯·ÓÈΤ˜ ·) ∂›ÛÙ·ÍË ·fi ÙÚ·˘Ì·ÙÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÚÈÓÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ‹È· ÂÈÏÔ΋, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ··ÈÙ› ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË. ‚) §·Ú˘ÁÁÈÎfi ÙÚ·‡Ì· ‹ Ô›‰ËÌ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔÎÏËı› ·Ó ÙÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ ·ÁÁ›˙ÂÈ ÙË ÁψÙÙ›‰·, ÂÓÒ Ô ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ‚‹¯ÂÈ. Á) ÀÔÁψÙÙȉÈÎfi Ô›‰ËÌ·. ∂›Ó·È Û¿ÓÈ· ÂÈÏÔ΋ ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ÚÔ¸¿Ú¯ÂÈ ˘ÔÁψÙÙȉÈÎfi Ô›‰ËÌ· ‹ ÛÙ¤ÓˆÛË. ‰) O›‰ËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘. Â) ∞ÈÌÔÚÚ·Á›·. ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·Á›· Î·È ·ÈÌfiÙ˘ÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚËı› ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ‹ ‰È·‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ‚ÈÔ„›·, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Û¿ÓÈ· ‰ÈÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿. ÛÙ) ¶Ó¢ÌÔıÒڷη˜. ∞ÔÙÂÏ› Èı·Ó‹ ÂÈÏÔ΋ Ù˘ ‰È·‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋˜ ‚ÈÔ„›·˜.

3) §ÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ∏ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Â›Ó·È ·Û‡ÓËı˜ Ó· ¢ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÁÈ· Ïԛ̈ÍË, ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È fiÏÔÈ ÔÈ Î·ÓfiÓ˜ ·Ôχ̷ÓÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎÔ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÍ·ÚÙËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘. ∂Âȉ‹ ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙ› Ë ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÏÔÈÌÔÁfiÓÔ˘ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· ·fi ÙËÓ ¿Û¯Ô˘Û· ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ Ó‡ÌÔÓ· ÛÙËÓ ˘ÁÈ‹, Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Ë ÂÈÛÎfiËÛË Ó· ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ, Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· ÎÏÈÓÈο Î·È ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·, ·fi ÙËÓ ˘ÁÈ‹ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÓÙÈÎÚÔ˘fiÌÂÓ˜ ·fi„ÂȘ fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÚÔÊ˘Ï·ÎÙÈ΋˜ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ·ÓÙÈ‚›ˆÛ˘ Û ¿ÙÔÌ· ÌÂ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹ ηډÈÔ¿ıÂÈ·(24,25). º·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· Â›Ó·È ÛÎfiÈÌË Ë ÚÔÊ˘Ï·ÎÙÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈÎÒÓ(26) Û ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙ·Ï̤ÓÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜. ªÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚËı› ˘ÚÂÙfi˜, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ·Ó ¤¯ÂÈ ÚÔËÁËı› ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô-

∆Ô Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ

΢„ÂÏȉÈ΋ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË. ™Â ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË(27) ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠfiÙÈ 17% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ¤ÁÈÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈ΋ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ˘„ËÏfi ˘ÚÂÙfi (>39ÆC) 4-12 ÒÚ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎfiËÛË. ∂ÈÏÔΤ˜ Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜ Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ ∞ÓÂ·Ú΋˜ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Î·Ù·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ Ô‰ËÁ› Û fiÓÔ Î·È stress. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, Ë ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ Î·Ù·ÛÙÔÏ‹ Ù˘ ·Ó·ÓÔ‹˜ Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ˘ÔÍ›· ‹ Î·È ˘ÂÚηÓ›·. ∂ÏÏÈ‹˜ ÙÔÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›· ÚÔηÏ› ‰È¤ÁÂÚÛË ÙÔ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÔÁ·ÛÙÚÈÎÔ‡ Ì ÙȘ ÁÓˆÛÙ¤˜ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ. ∂ÈÛËÌ·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ÏȉÔη˝ÓË ·ÔÚÚÔÊ¿Ù·È Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ‚·ıÌfi ·fi ÙÔÓ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ·ÁˆÁÒÓ Ì ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓË ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÙÔÍÈ΋˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ fiˆ˜ ‰È¤ÁÂÚÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ∫¡™ (·ÓËÛ˘¯›· ‹ Û·ÛÌÔ›). ∞Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ٷ ηٷÛÙ·ÏÙÈο Ê¿Ú̷η Ô˘ ı· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó, Ù· ÙÔÍÈο Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· Ô˘ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓ· ı· ÂÌÊ·ÓÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰È·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó. ™Ù· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· Â˘Úˆ·˚ο ÂÓ‰ÔÛÎÔÈο ΤÓÙÚ·(11) ÔÈ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi 5% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ∆¯ÓÈΤ˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ µÈÔ„›· ∏ Ï‹„Ë Ì ÙÔ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎfi ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ (3,5 mm) ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋˜ Î·È ‰È·‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋˜ ‚ÈÔ„›·˜ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË, ÂÓÒ Â›Ó·È Â˘¯ÂÚ‹˜ Ì ÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ (4,9 mm) Û ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ·È‰È¿. ™ÙË ‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ‚ÈÔ„›· Ë Ï‹„Ë ‰ÂÈÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÔÚ·Ù‹ ‚Ï¿‚Ë ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎÔ‡ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘. ∏ ‰È·‚ÚÔÁ¯È΋ ‚ÈÔ„›· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ‰È¿¯˘Ù˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÔ¿ıÂÈ·˜ (.¯. Û·ÚÎÔ›‰ˆÛË, Ó¢ÌÔÓ›· ÔÊÂÈÏfiÌÂÓË Û Pneumocystis carinii, ΢„ÂÏȉÈ΋ ÚˆÙÂ˝ÓˆÛË). §‹„Ë ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ì „‹ÎÙÚ· ∏ ¯Ú‹ÛË „‹ÎÙÚ·˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙË Ï‹„Ë Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ·fi ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ¤ÎÙ·ÛË Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙË ‚ÈÔ„›·. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓËÏ›ÎÔ˘˜ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÓÂÔÏ·Û›·˜ (·Ó‡ÚÂÛË Î·ÎÔËıÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ÛÙÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ·). ∏ „‹ÎÙÚ· ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Û ˘Ô„›· ÓÂÔÏ·Û›·˜, Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ ÎÚÔÛÛÒÓ ‹ Û ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ¿ÏÏˆÓ Ì·ÎÚÔÛÎÔÈÎÒÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ (.¯. ÎÔÎÎȈ̷Ù҉˘ ÈÛÙfi˜). ∏ ¯Ú‹ÛË ÚÔÛÙ·ÙÂ˘Ì¤Ó˘ „‹ÎÙÚ·˜ Â›Ó·È ÂÊÈÎÙ‹ ÌfiÓÔ fiÙ·Ó ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÈÓÔ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ÂÓËÏ›ÎÔ˘ Î·È ·ÔÛÎÔ› ÛÙËÓ ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„Ë ÙÔ˘ ÂÌÏÂÎfiÌÂÓÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡, Û Ó¢ÌÔӛ˜ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ‹ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Û ¤‰·ÊÔ˜ ·ÓÔÛÔηٷÛÙÔÏ‹˜. µÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎfi ¤ÎÏ˘Ì· °È· ÙË Ï‹„Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È ¤Á¯˘ÛË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÔÚÔ‡ ÛÂ

379

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·380

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:375-381

ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈÎfi ‹ ˘ÔÙÌËÌ·ÙÈÎfi ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô Î·È Ù·¯Â›· ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi οı ¤Á¯˘ÛË. ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·˘Ù‹, ÙÔ ˘ÏÈÎfi Ô˘ ·Ó·ÚÚÔÊ¿Ù·È ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ΢„ÂÏ›‰Â˜ Î·È fi¯È ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ‚ÚfiÁ¯Ô˘˜ fiˆ˜ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ï‹ ·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË ÂÎÎÚ›ÛÂˆÓ Ì ‹ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ¤Á¯˘ÛË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÔÚÔ‡. Œ¯Ô˘Ó ÚÔÙ·ı› ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ̤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÔÛfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÔÚÔ‡ Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı›(28,29). ∆· ÈÔ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ Û ·È‰È¿ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÙˆÓ 3 ÂÙÒÓ Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË 1ml/kg ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ Û ÙÚÂȘ ‰È·‰Ô¯ÈΤ˜ ÂÁ¯‡ÛÂȘ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙˆÓ Î·È Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÛÈÌˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ Î·È ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÌË Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏ˘‰ÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜. ∆Ô ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎfi ¤ÎÏ˘Ì· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ÌÂϤÙË Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ ÏËı˘ÛÌÒÓ Î·È ÁÈ· ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ·. ∏ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË fï˜, ÛÙËÓ Î·ÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓfi˜ ·ıÔÁfiÓˆÓ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›· Ô˘‰ÂÙÂÚÔÊ›ÏˆÓ ÛÙ· ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜, ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ ÂÈÌfiÏ˘ÓÛË(8). ™Ù· ˘ÁÈ‹ ·È‰È¿, Ô Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎfi˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ ·ÔÙÂÏ›ٷÈ(30-32) ·fi Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿Á· (87-91%), ÏÂÌÊÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· (4-12%), Ô˘‰ÂÙÂÚfiÊÈÏ· (14%) Î·È ÂÈıËÏȷο ·ÙÙ·Ú· (1-2%). ∏ ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÂÈıËÏÈ·ÎÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Û ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›· Ô˘ ˘ÂÚ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÙÔ 5% Â›Ó·È ÂÓ‰ÂÈÎÙÈ΋ ÚfiÛÌÂÈ͢ ÙÔ˘ ΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ Ì ·ÙÙ·Ú· ·fi ÙÔÓ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÈÎfi ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ(33), ·Ó Î·È ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›· ÂÈıËÏÈ·ÎÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê› Î·È Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ¿ÛıÌ·(34). ∏ ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ˘„ËÏÔ‡ ÔÛÔÛÙÔ‡ Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿ÁˆÓ, Ù· ÔÔ›· ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó Ï›Ô˜ ‹ ·ÈÌÔÛȉËÚ›ÓË, ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÈÛÚfiÊËÛ˘(35,36) Î·È Ù˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ·ÈÌÔÛȉ‹ÚˆÛ˘(37).

O ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ Û ÔÈΛϘ ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿(38-40) (¿ÛıÌ·, ÈÓÔ΢ÛÙÈ΋ ÓfiÛÔ˜, Â›ÌÔÓË Û˘Ú›ÙÙÔ˘Û· ·Ó·ÓÔ‹, ¯ÚfiÓÈÔ˜ ‚‹¯·˜) ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È Û˘Ó¯Ҙ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ Ë Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÎχ̷ÙÔ˜ ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈο, Ó· ‚ÔËı¿ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ÛÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÔÓÙÔًوÓ. ™˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο, Ë ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiËÛË Ì ÙÔ Â‡Î·ÌÙÔ ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÛÎfiÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ Î·È ÂÓ›ÔÙ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋. OÈ ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ı· ·˘ÍËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÏÏÔÓ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Ô˘ ·Ú¤¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi Ù· ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù·, Ù· ÔÔ›· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì „‹ÎÙÚ· Î·È ‚ÚÔÁ¯Ô΢„ÂÏȉÈ΋ ¤ÎÏ˘ÛË. ∞·Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ ÂÎÙ¤ÏÂÛ‹ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ‡·ÚÍË ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤ÓÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡.

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¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· Û ªÔÓ¿‰· ∂ÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜ ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙ˘ ∫·Ï·Ì·Ï›Î˘, ª·Ú›· ¡·ÚÏ›ÔÁÏÔ˘, ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ ∑¿‚Ú·˜, ¢‹ÌËÙÚ· ¶·Ú¿Û¯Ô˘, °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ªÚÈ·ÛÔ‡Ï˘, ∞Ó·ÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ˜ ÷Ù˙‹˜ ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ªÂÏÂÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó 90 ·È‰È¿ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· (ª™), ËÏÈΛ·˜ 29 ËÌÂÚÒÓ ¤ˆ˜ 16 ÂÙÒÓ (ª∏: 6,2 ¤ÙË), Ô˘ ÓÔÛËχıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ª∂£ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ ¶·›‰ˆÓ "∏ ∞Á›· ™ÔÊ›·" ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· 3 ÂÙÒÓ. ¶ÂÓ‹ÓÙ· ¤ÍÈ ·È‰È¿ (62,2%) ÂÈÛ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó ·fi Ù· ∂͈ÙÂÚÈο π·ÙÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ Ì·˜, ÂÓÒ 34 (37,8%) ‰È·ÎÔÌ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·˜ ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›·. ™Â 55 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒıËΠÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷο, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘fiÏÔÈÔ˘˜ ÂÙ¤ıË Ì ÎÏÈÓÈο ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹, 45 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ (50%) ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜, ÂÓÒ 9 ·fi Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈο ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ·Ó ÙȘ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ ÒÚ˜ ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜. ™Â 54 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Û˘Ó˘‹Ú¯Â ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·, ÂÓÒ Û 12 (13,3%) ‰ÂÓ ¤ÁÈÓ O¡¶ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ηٿÛÙ·Û‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∞fi Ù· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ˘ Ô˘ Ù·˘ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó 45,2% ·Ó‹Î·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÔÔÌ¿‰· µ Î·È 54,8% ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÔÔÌ¿‰· C. ™Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜ ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ıËÎÂ Ë Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ Ì ˘ÂÚ˯ÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· Î·È Û 27 ·fi ·˘Ù¿ ¤ÁÈÓ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ›Ù Ì ηıÂÙ‹Ú· Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ·ÚÙËÚ›·˜ (9 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜), ›Ù Ì ۇÛÙËÌ· ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ηډȷ΋˜ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ (PiCCO) (18 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜). ∏ ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ·ÓÙÈ‚›ˆÛË (ÎÂÊ·ÏÔÛÔÚ›ÓË 3˘ ÁÂÓ¿˜ ‹ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘-¯ÏˆÚ·ÌÊÂÓÈÎfiÏ˘), ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂı·˙fiÓË ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜, ÌÂı˘ÏÚ‰ÓÈ˙ÔÏfiÓË Û 20 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ì ηٷÏËÍ›· Î·È ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ·, fiˆ˜ Â›Û˘ ÊÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ ˘ÁÚÒÓ Î·È ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÈÓÔÙÚfiˆÓ Û ‰fiÛÂȘ ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓ˜ ·fi ÙË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· Ù˘ ηٷÏËÍ›·˜. ∆ÚÈ¿ÓÙ· Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ (37,8%) ¯ÚÂÈ¿ÛıËÎ·Ó Ì˯·ÓÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ·Ó·ÓÔ‹˜. ∂›ÎÔÛÈ ‰‡Ô (24,4%) ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó Ì›· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ ÌÂ Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ˜ ÙË ‰È¿¯˘ÙË ÂÓ‰·ÁÁÂȷ΋ ‹ÍË (17,8%), Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛıËΠ̠¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ ‹Í˘ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÓÂÊÚÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· (6,7%), Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛıËΠ̠·ÈÌԉȋıËÛË. ∫·Ù¤ÏËÍ·Ó 13 ·È‰È¿ (14,4%), ·fi Ù· ÔÔ›· Ù· 9 (69,2%) ·‚›ˆÛ·Ó ÙÔ 1Ô 24ˆÚÔ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:382-390. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·, ¡·˚ÛÛ¤ÚÈ· ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜, ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·, ηٷÏËÍ›·.

P. Kalabalikis, M. Narlioglou, N. Zavras, D. Paraschou, G. Briasoulis, A. Hatzis. Monitoring and treatment of children with meningococcemia in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Paediatriki 2000;63:382-390. ● Abstract: We studied 90 children aged 29 days to 16 years (mean: 6.2 years) with meningococcemia admitted to the PICU of "Agia Sophia" Children’s Hospital during a 3 year period. Fifty six patients were admitted from the outpatient Department of our hospital (62.2%), and 34 (37.8%) were transferred from other hospitals. In fifty five children the diagnosis of meningococcemia, was verified by the appropriate laboratory examinations, while in the remainder 35 patients the diagnosis was based on clinical criteria. On admission 45 patients (50%) had clinical signs of shock, while 9 of those who initially were hemodynamically stable, developed signs of shock during the next few hours. In 54 patients meningitis coexisted, while in 12 patients (13.3%) lumbar puncture was not performed because of their unstable condition. The meningococcal isolates were serogroup B: 45.2%, and C: 54.8%. Echocardiographic assessment was performed on each child with signs of shock; in 27 of them hemodynamic monitoring was performed by using either pulmonary artery catheter (9 patients) or Pulse Contour Cardiac Output (PiCCO) (18 patients). Treatment included antibiotics (3rd generation cephalosporins, or penicillinchloramphenicol combination), dexamethasone in patients with meningitis, methylprednisolone in 20 cases with shock and extensive hemorrhagic lesions, as well as fluid resuscitation and inotropes in doses according to the severity of shock. Thirty four patients (37.8%) required mechanical ventilation. Twenty two patients (24.7%)

ªÔÓ¿‰· ∂ÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜, ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ ¶·›‰ˆÓ "∏ ∞Á›· ™ÔÊ›·"

382

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·383

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:382-390

ªËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·

experienced 1 or more complications which included disseminated intravascular coagulation (17.8%) that was treated with FFP and coagulation factors, and renal failure (6.7%) that was treated with hemofiltration. Thirteen children died (14.4%), 9 of whom (69.2%) died within the first 24 hours.

Key words: meningococcemia, Neisseria meningitidis, meningitis, shock.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ∏ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ‚Ú¤ÊË Î·È ·È‰È¿ Î·È ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙË Neisseria meningitidis. Œ¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÈÛÙˆı› fiÙÈ ‰˘ÓËÙÈο ·ıÔÁfiÓ· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ˘ ·ÔÌÔÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ÚÈÓÔÊ¿Ú˘ÁÁ· Û ÔÛÔÛÙfi 2-10% ˘ÁÈÒÓ, ·Û˘Ìو̷ÙÈÎÒÓ ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ. À‡ı˘Ó˜ ÁÈ· ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ Â›Ó·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÔÈ ÔÚÔÔÌ¿‰Â˜ A, B, C, W-135 Î·È Y (1,2). ¶·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÁÓÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ·ÔÎÔÌ›ÛÂÈ Û fi,ÙÈ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Î·È ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÈÎfiÎÎÔ˘, Ë ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ Ïԛ̈ÍË ÂÍ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ‰ÈÂıÓÒ˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ‰ËÌfiÛÈ·˜ ˘Á›·˜ (3). ∏ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ·Ûı› Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ·ÙfiÌˆÓ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ηӤӷ Úfi‰ÚÔÌÔ ‹ Û˘ÓÔ‰fi Û‡Ìو̷ Î·È Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û ·Ï‹ ‚·ÎÙËÚÈ·ÈÌ›· Ô˘ ·˘ÙÔÂÚÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ‹ Û ÎÂÚ·˘ÓÔ‚fiÏÔ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· (3,4). ∫·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋˜ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·˜ (ª™) Ë ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË ÛÙËÓ Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔÚ›· ÔÈÎ›ÏˆÓ ÌÂÙ·‚È‚·ÛÙÒÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜, ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈ΋ ‰È¿ıÂÛË, ÔÏ˘ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· Î·È Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Û ı¿Ó·ÙÔ Ï›Á˜ ÒÚ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ (5,6). ∞Ó Î·È Ë fiÏË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÔχÏÔÎË, ÙÚÂȘ Â›Ó·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÔÈ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ô˘ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ıÔÊ˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Î·È Î·ıÔÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ¿ Ù˘.

1. ∆Ô Î·ÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ "Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ÙÚȯÔÂȉÈ΋˜ ‰È·Ê˘Á‹˜" (capillary leak syndrome) (7) Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù˘ ·˘ÍË̤Ó˘ ‰È·ÂÚ·ÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÙÚȯÔÂȉÒÓ Î·È Â˘ı‡ÓÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˘ÔÔÁηÈÌ›· Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ÛÙË ª™.

2. ∏ Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ Î·È Ë ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ù˘ Ú‡ıÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÁ›ˆÓ, Ù· ÔÔ›· ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÙËÓ ˘ÔÔÁηÈÌ›· ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (5).

3. OÈ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ù˘ ·ÈÌfiÛÙ·Û˘, Ô˘ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È Û ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÚÔÛÙ·Î˘ÎÏ›Ó˘, Û ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË Ù˘ ·ÓÙÈıÚÔÌ‚›Ó˘ πππ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ C Î·È S Î·È Û ηٷӿψÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ ‹Í˘ (8).

OÈ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·Ê' ÂÓfi˜ ÌÈÎÚÔıÚÔÌ‚ÒÛÂȘ ·ÁÁ›ˆÓ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó Û ÈÛ¯·ÈÌ›· ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ Î·È ÓÂÎÚÒÛÂȘ, Î·È ·Ê’ ÂÙ¤ÚÔ˘ Û ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈ΋ ‰È¿ıÂÛË.

OÈ È‰È·ÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ˜ Ù˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋˜ Ïԛ̈-

͢ Î·È Ë Û˘¯Ó¿ Ú·Á‰·›· ÂͤÏÈÍ‹ Ù˘ ηıÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ·Ó·Áη›· ÙËÓ ¿ÌÂÛË ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ‹ Ù˘ Û ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó· ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù· (9). ¶·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÚÔfi‰Ô˘˜ fï˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌÂȈı›, fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË Ù˘ ª™, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ηٿ ÙȘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËı› ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ· (10,11). ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ·˘Ù‹ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È Ë ÂÌÂÈÚ›· Ì·˜ ·fi ÙË ÓÔÛËÏ›· ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ª™ ÛÙË ªÔÓ¿‰· ∂ÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ £ÂÚ·›·˜ (ª∂£) ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ Ì·˜.

M¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ™ÙËÓ ·Ó·‰ÚÔÌÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ ÌÂϤÙË ¤ÁÈÓ ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË ÙˆÓ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÒÓ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì "·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Î·È ˘ÚÂÙfi" Ô˘ ÂÈÛ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó ÛÙË ª∂£ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ ¶·›‰ˆÓ "∏ ∞Á›· ™ÔÊ›·" Û ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· 3 ÂÙÒÓ. ∆· ·È‰È¿ ›¯·Ó ÂÈÛ·¯ı› ÛÙË ª∂£, ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ·˜, Ì ÙËÓ Èı·Ó‹ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋˜ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·˜, Ì ÛÎÔfi ÙËÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ, ηٿ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Ë ÓfiÛÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘¯Ó¿ Ú·Á‰·›· ÂͤÏÈÍË. ™˘ÏϤ¯ıËÎ·Ó ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi, ÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÂÈÛfi‰Ô˘, ÙÔÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô, ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË, ÙȘ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ¤Î‚·ÛË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ.

O ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋˜ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (ÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜, ÌÈÎÚÔ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜, PCR), ·ÈÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁÈÎfi, ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi, Ï‹ÚË ‚ÈÔ¯ËÌÈÎfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô, C-·ÓÙȉÚÒÛ· ÚˆÙ½ÓË, ·¤ÚÈ· ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∏ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋˜ Ïԛ̈͢ Ù¤ıËΠ̠¤Ó· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù· ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·: 1. ∞ÔÌfiÓˆÛË N. meningitidis Û ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜, ∂¡À ‹ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ‚Ï¿‚˘.

2. ¶·ÚÔ˘Û›· Gram (-) ‰ÈÏfiÎÎÔÎˆÓ Û Gram ¯ÚÒÛË ÛÙÔ ∂¡À ‹ Û ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈ΋ ‚Ï¿‚Ë.

3. £ÂÙÈ΋ PCR ÁÈ· N. meningitidis ÛÙÔ ·›Ì· ‹ ÙÔ ∂¡À. ∏ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ·˘Ù‹ ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛıËΠηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ 3Ô˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘.

4. £ÂÙÈο ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈο ·ÓÙÈÁfiÓ· ÛÙÔ ∂¡À. ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÂÚÈÏ‹ÊıËÎ·Ó Â›Û˘ ·È‰È¿ Ì "·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Î·È ˘ÚÂÙfi", ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· Ë ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· ıˆڋıËΠˆ˜ "‡ÔÙË". ∆· ·È‰È¿ ·˘Ù¿ ‰ÂÓ ÏËÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ù· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·, ·ÏÏ¿ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó fiÏ· Ù· ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı· ÛËÌ›· ÌÈÎÚԂȷ΋˜ Ïԛ̈͢:

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¶. ∫·Ï·Ì·Ï›Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

1. ∂ËÚ·Ṳ̂ÓË ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË.

2. §Â˘ÎÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË Ì ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÔ˘Ú‹ÓˆÛË. (§Â˘Î¿>10.000/mm3, ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÔ‡ÚËÓ·>80%).

3. À„ËÏ‹ C-·ÓÙȉÚÒÛ· ÚˆÙ½ÓË. ∏ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜ Ù¤ıËΠ۠fiÛÔ˘˜ ›¯·Ó ηٿ ÙÔÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔ¯ËÌÈÎfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ∂¡À: ·ÚÈıÌfi Ï¢ÎÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ>5/mm3, χΈ̷>50mg/dl Î·È ÁÏ˘Îfi˙Ë<45 mg/dl. ∞fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ıˆڋıËΠfiÙÈ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜, fiÛÔÈ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙·Ó 1 ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù·.

1. ÷ÌËÏ‹ ·ÚÙËÚȷ΋ ›ÂÛË (<5Ë ∂£ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ·).

2. ∫·Î‹ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈ΋ ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚ›·.

3. ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Ù·¯˘Î·Ú‰›· (>180ÛÊ/min).

4. ªÂȈ̤ÓË ‰ÈÔ‡ÚËÛË (<1ml/Kg/h). ŸÏÔÈ ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÛÙË ª∂£ ÁÈ· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ Â› 24 ÒÚ˜ (∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1). ŸÛÔÈ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜ ˘Ô‚Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó Û ˘ÂÚ˯ÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ·, Ì ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÎÏ¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÂÍÒıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, LVEF) ηٿ ÙÔÓ ÂÈÌ‹ÎË ‹ ‚Ú·¯‡ ¿ÍÔÓ· Ù˘ ηډȿ˜. ∂¿Ó LVEF>65%, ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Û·Ó ÊÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ Ì ÎÚ˘ÛÙ·ÏÏÔÂȉ‹ (Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ÔÚfi˜, Ringer's Lactate) ‹ ÎÔÏ-

¶∞ƒ∞∫O§OÀ£∏™∏ ∑ø∆π∫ø¡ ™∏ª∂πø¡ 1) 2) 3) 4)

∞ÚÙËÚȷ΋ ›ÂÛË (º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ·) ¶ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈ΋ ΢ÎÏÔÊÔÚ›· (º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋) ™Ê‡ÍÂȘ (<180/min) ¢ÈÔ‡ÚËÛË (>1ml/Kg/h)

º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο

1 ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο

ŒÍÔ‰Ô˜ ·fi ÙË ª∂£ ÌÂÙ¿ 24ˆÚÔ

ÀÂÚ˯ÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ·

LVEF>65%

ºÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ Ì ÎÚ˘ÛÙ·ÏÔÂȉ‹ ‹ ÎÔÏÏÔÂȉ‹ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· ̤¯ÚÈ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÛËÌ›ˆÓ

LVEF<65%

2 ºÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ + Dopamine

¡¤Ô ÀÂÚ˯ÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ·

LVEF>65%

LVEF<65%

¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÛËÌ›ˆÓ Î·È ÂӉ¯Ô̤ӈ˜ ∫º¶

º˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο

™˘Ó¯‹˜ ̤ÙÚËÛË CO ∂Ӊ¯Ô̤ӈ˜ ª∞

¶·ıÔÏÔÁÈο

ÃÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ˘ÁÚÒÓ & ÈÓÔÙÚfiˆÓ ‚¿ÛÂÈ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ

∂·Ó¿ÏË„Ë ÊÔÚÙ›ÛÂˆÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1. ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· ÛÙË ª∂£ LVEF: ∫Ï¿ÛÌ· ÂÍÒıËÛ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction), ∫º¶: ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÊÏ‚È΋ ›ÂÛË, CO: ∫·Ú‰È·Î‹ ·ÚÔ¯‹ (Cardiac Output), MA: ªË¯·ÓÈÎfi˜ ·ÂÚÈÛÌfi˜

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ªËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·

ÏÔÂȉ‹ ‰È·Ï‡Ì·Ù· (HAES 6%, HAES 10%) ̤¯ÚÈ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÛËÌ›ˆÓ. ∂¿Ó LVEF<65%, ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó 1-2 ÊÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ Ì ٷ˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓË ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÂÓfi˜ ÈÓÔÙÚfiÔ˘ (ÓÙÔ·Ì›ÓË) Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡ÛÂ Ó¤Ô ˘ÂÚ˯ÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ·. ∂¿Ó ÛÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ˘ÂÚ˯ÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ÙÔ LVEF>65%, ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó Ù· ˙ˆÙÈο ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜, Î·È ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ·Ú¤ÌÂÓ·Ó ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο ÙÔÔıÂÙ›ÙÔ Î·ıÂÙ‹Ú·˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ÊÏ‚È΋˜ ›ÂÛ˘ Î·È Â·Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·Ó ÔÈ ÊÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ ̤¯ÚÈ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÂÓ‰·ÁÁÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ fiÁÎÔ˘. ∂¿Ó LVEF<65%, ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ (̤ÙÚËÛË Î·Ú‰È·Î‹˜ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ ÚÔÊÔÚÙ›Ô˘-ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚÙ›Ô˘) ›Ù Ì ηıÂÙ‹Ú· Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ·ÚÙËÚ›·˜ (Swan-Ganz), ›Ù Ì ۇÛÙËÌ· ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ηډȷ΋˜ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ (Pulse Contour Cardiac Output, PiCCO) Î·È ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó ˘ÁÚ¿ Î·È ÈÓfiÙÚÔ· ‚¿ÛÂÈ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ηډÈÔ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÂÈϤÔÓ Ì˯·ÓÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ·Ó·ÓÔ‹˜. °È· ÙË Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ÌÂٷ͇ ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙȘ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈΤ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ¿ÏϘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜, ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛÙËÎÂ Ë ‰ÔÎÈÌ·Û›· ¯2. ∞ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ·fi OÎÙÒ‚ÚÈÔ 1996 ¤ˆ˜ OÎÙÒ‚ÚÈÔ 1999 ÓÔÛËχıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ª∂£ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ ¶·›‰ˆÓ "∏ ∞Á›· ™ÔÊ›·" 94 ·È‰È¿ Ì "·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Î·È ˘ÚÂÙfi". ∞fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ·˘Ùfi ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÛıËÎ·Ó 4 ·È‰È¿, Ù· ÔÔ›· ‰ÂÓ ÏËÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ù· ÚÔ·Ó·ÊÂÚı¤ÓÙ· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·. ™Â ÙÚ›· ·fi ·˘Ù¿ ÙÔ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Ì ˘ÚÂÙfi ·Ô‰fiıËΠ۠ÈÔÁÂÓ‹ Ïԛ̈ÍË, ÂÓÒ Û 1 ‰È·ÁÓÒÛıËΠȉÈÔ·ı‹˜ ıÚÔÌ‚ÔÂÓÈ΋ ÔÚʇڷ, Ë ÔÔ›· ›¯Â ÂÈϷΛ Ì Ïԛ̈ÍË. ∞fi Ù· 90 ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÙÂÏÈο ÂÚÈÏ‹ÊıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ù· 48 ‹Ù·Ó ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È Ù· 42 ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· ËÏÈΛ·˜ 29 ËÌÂÚÒÓ ¤ˆ˜ 16 ÂÙÒÓ (ª∏: 6,2 ¤ÙË). ∏ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜ Î˘Ì¿ÓıËΠ·fi 1 ÒÚ· ¤ˆ˜ 35 Ë̤Ú˜ (̤ÛË

‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·: 4,1 Ë̤Ú˜). (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1). O ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·˘Ùfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ› ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÛÙÔ 9% ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ÛÙË ª∂£ ÁÈ· ÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· (90/970). ¶ÂÓ‹ÓÙ· ¤ÍÈ ·È‰È¿ (62,2%) ÂÈÛ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó ÛÙË ª∂£ ·fi ÙÔ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô Ì·˜ Î·È 34 (37,8%) ‰È·ÎÔÌ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·˜ ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙË ª∂£ 45 ·È‰È¿ (50%) ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜, ÂÓÒ 9 ·fi Ù· ·È‰È¿ (20%), Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙ·ıÂÚ¿ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈο, ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ·Ó ÙȘ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ ÒÚ˜ ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜. ™Â 78 (86,7%) ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÔÛÊ˘ÔÓˆÙÈ·›· ·Ú·Î¤ÓÙËÛË (O¡¶), ÛÙȘ ‰Â ˘fiÏÔÈ˜ 12 ‰ÂÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËΠO¡¶ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ‚·ÚÈ¿˜ ÁÂÓÈ΋˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ. ™Â 54 ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ‰È·ÁÓÒÛÙËΠÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·. ªËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ Ïԛ̈ÍË ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠ۠55 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜: ™Â 10 ·ÔÌÔÓÒıËΠN. meningitidis ·fi ÙÔ ·›Ì· Î·È ÙÔ ∂¡À, Û 10 ÌfiÓÔ ·fi ÙÔ ·›Ì· Û 18 ÌfiÓÔ ·fi ÙÔ ∂¡À Î·È Û 2 ÌfiÓÔ ·fi ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈ΋ ‚Ï¿‚Ë. ™Â 9 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ, Ô˘ ÔÈ Î·ÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ ›¯·Ó ·Ԃ› ·ÚÓËÙÈΤ˜, ·ÓȯÓ‡ıËΠÙÔ DNA ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ Ì PCR (Û 1 ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÛÙÔ ·›Ì· Î·È ∂¡À, Û 6 ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ ·›Ì·, Û 2 ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ ∂¡À). ∆¤ÏÔ˜, Û 6 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·ÓȯÓ‡ıËΠÌfiÓÔ ·ÓÙÈÁfiÓÔ ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ∂¡À. ∞fi Ù· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ˘ Ô˘ ·ÔÌÔÓÒıËÎ·Ó 45,2% ·Ó‹Î·Ó ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÔÔÌ¿‰· µ Î·È 54,8% ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÔÔÌ¿‰· C. H ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· 1. ™Ù· 54 Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜ ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ıËÎÂ Ë Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ Ì ˘ÂÚ˯ÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ·, ÂÓÒ Û 27 ·fi ·˘Ù¿ (50%) ¤ÁÈÓ ÂÈϤÔÓ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Ì ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË Î·ıÂÙ‹Ú· Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ·ÚÙËÚ›·˜ (9 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜), ‹ Ì ۇÛÙËÌ· ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ηډȷ΋˜ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ (18 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜). O ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÂÈÛfi‰Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ı·ÓfiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ·˘ÙÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ·Ó. OÈ ·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔÈ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· Ô˘ ÓÔÛËχÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ª∂£ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ Ì·˜. ∞ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ∞fi ∂.π. ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ Ì·˜ ∞fi ¿ÏÏ· ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›· ‹ ∫.À. ∏ÏÈΛ· ªËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·* ™ËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜ ªË¯. ∞ÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ ¢È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜ ŒÎ‚·ÛË (£¿Ó·ÙÔ˜)

90 56 34 29 ËÌ.-16 ¯Ú.

54 54 34 1ÒÚ·-35 ËÌ.

13

(48 ·ÁfiÚÈ·, 42 ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·)

(ª¤ÛË: 6,2 ¤ÙË)

(¢È¿ÚÎÂÈ· 1 ÒÚ· - 18 Ë̤Ú˜) (ª¤ÛË: 4,2 Ë̤Ú˜)

*™Â 12 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ‰ÂÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ÔÛÊ˘ÔÓˆÙÈ·›· ·Ú·Î¤ÓÙËÛË

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¶. ∫·Ï·Ì·Ï›Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2. ∞ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ηٷÏËÍ›· ÏfiÁˆ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋˜ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·˜ (̤Û˜ ÙÈ̤˜ + SEM). ¶·Ú¿ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ HR MAP LVEF CI

∂¤˙ËÛ·Ó 152 ± 1,46 69,9 ± 0,95 60,8 ± 0,6 4,07 ± 0,08

∫·Ù¤ÏËÍ·Ó 165 ± 4,18 55,8 ± 1,1 40,8 ± 1,4 2,71 ± 0,08

p =0,005 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001

CVP PAP PCWP SVRI

8,9 18,4 13 1339,4

± ± ± ±

0,3 1,5 0,5 24,2

9,8 14,4 10,5 1488,2

± ± ± ±

0,4 1,3 0,5 48

=0,05 <0,02 <0,01 <0,05

PVRI LVSWI RVSWI ITBVI

130 37 6,8 634

± ± ± ±

10,5 0,8 0,3 10,8

223 17,2 5,6 677

± ± ± ±

14,5 2,3 0,4 11,3

<0,005 <0,001 <0,001 <0,05

GEDVI EVLWI

522 ± 16,7 8,8 ± 0,32

592 ± 17,9 10,3 ± 0,42

<0,05 <0,05

HR: ∫·Ú‰È·Î‹ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ·, ª∞ƒ: ª¤ÛË ·ÚÙËÚȷ΋ ›ÂÛË, LVEF: ∫Ï¿ÛÌ· ÂÍÒıËÛ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜, CI: ∫·Ú‰È·Îfi˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˘, CVP: ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÊÏ‚È΋ ›ÂÛË, PAP: ¶›ÂÛË Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋˜ ·ÚÙËÚ›·˜, PCWP: ¶›ÂÛË ÂÓÛÊ‹ÓˆÛ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÙÚȯÔÂȉÒÓ, SVRI: ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÁÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÛÙ¿ÛˆÓ, PVRI: ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÒÓ ·ÁÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÛÙ¿ÛˆÓ, LVSWI: ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ ·Ó¿ ·ÏÌfi, RVSWI: ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ ·Ó¿ ·ÏÌfi, ITBV: ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ ÂÓ‰ÔıˆÚ·ÎÈÎÔ‡ fiÁÎÔ˘ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜, GEDVI: ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ ÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ÙÂÏԉȷÛÙÔÏÈÎÔ‡ fiÁÎÔ˘ ηډ›·˜, EVLWI: ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ Â͈·ÁÁÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ Ó¢ÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ‡‰·ÙÔ˜.

2 ·˘ÙÒÓ ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ LVEF, Ô Î·Ú‰È·Îfi˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ (Cardiac Index, CI), Ô ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ ·Ó¿ ·ÏÌfi (Left Ventricular Stroke Work Index, LVSWI), Ô ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ ¤ÚÁÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ ·Ó¿ ·ÏÌfi (Right Ventricular Stroke Work Index, RVSWI) (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2). ∏ ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÂÎÙfi˜ Ù˘ ·ÓÙÈ‚›ˆÛ˘ (ÎÂÊ·ÏÔÛÔÚ›ÓË 3˘ ÁÂÓ¿˜ ‹ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘ - ¯ÏˆÚ·ÌÊÂÓÈÎfiÏ˘) Î·È Ù˘ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂı·˙fiÓ˘ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜ (0,15mg/Kg/6ˆÚÔ Â› 4 Ë̤Ú˜), ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó Â›Û˘, ÌÂı˘ÏÚ‰ÓÈ˙ÔÏfiÓË (30 mg/Kg/6ˆÚÔ) Û 20 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ì ηٷÏËÍ›· Î·È ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ·. ¢¤Î· ÂÓÓ¤· (35,2%) ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜, Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜, ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÌfiÓÔ Ì ÊÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ ˘ÁÚÒÓ (Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ÔÚfi˜ ‹ HAES), ÂÓÒ Û 35 ·È‰È¿ (64,8%) ¯ÚÂÈ¿ÛÙËÎÂ, ÂÈϤÔÓ ÙˆÓ ÊÔÚÙ›ÛˆÓ, ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÈÓÔÙÚfiˆÓ (ÓÙÔ·Ì›ÓË: 5-30Ìg/Kg/min, ÓÙÔÌÈÔ˘Ù·Ì›ÓË: 530Ìg/kg/min, ÓÔÚ·‰ÚÂÓ·Ï›ÓË: 0,25-2Ìg/kg/min) Ì ‰fiÛÂȘ ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓ˜ ·fi ÙË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· Ù˘ ηٷÏËÍ›·˜. ∆¤ÏÔ˜, Û 34 (37,8% ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘) ··ÈÙ‹ıËΠÌ˯·ÓÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ·Ó·ÓÔ‹˜ Ì ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ô˘ Î˘Ì¿ÓıËΠ·fi 1 ÒÚ· ¤ˆ˜ 18 Ë̤Ú˜ (̤ÛË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ·: 6,2 Ë̤Ú˜) (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3). ∂›ÎÔÛÈ ‰‡Ô ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ (24,4%) ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó Ì›· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ª∂£ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 4).

386

™˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚË ÂÈÏÔ΋ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ‰È¿¯˘ÙË ÂÓ‰·ÁÁÂȷ΋ ‹ÍË (¢∂¶), ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó 16 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ (17,8%) Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÁÁ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Û fiϘ ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ì ÊÚ¤ÛÎÔ Î·Ù„˘Á̤ÓÔ Ï¿ÛÌ·. ∂ÈϤÔÓ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ıËΠ۠6 ·È‰È¿ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ï·ÛÌÈÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘ (Actilyse), Û 5 ·ÓÙÈıÚÔÌ‚›ÓË πππ, Û 3 ·Ú¿ÁˆÓ VII Î·È Û 2 ÚˆÙ½ÓË C. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ô˘ ÂÈÛ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó Î·Ù¿ Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· 2 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ (59 ·È‰È¿) ¤ÁÈÓ Ï‹Ú˘ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜. Ÿˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3. ∞ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË 90 ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·. ∞ÁˆÁ‹

∞ÛıÂÓ›˜ (n)

∞ÓÙÈ‚›ˆÛË ºÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ ˘ÁÚÒÓ πÓfiÙÚÔ· ¢ÂÍ·ÌÂı·˙fiÓË ªÂı˘ÏÚ‰ÓÈ˙ÔÏfiÓË ¶Ï¿ÛÌ· ∂ÓÂÚÁÔÔÈËÙ‹˜ Ï·ÛÌÈÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘ ∞ÓÙÈıÚÔÌ‚›ÓË πππ ¶·Ú¿ÁˆÓ VII ¶ÚˆÙ½ÓË C ªË¯. ∞ÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ ∞ÈÌԉȋıËÛË / ∞ÈÌÔοı·ÚÛË

90 54 35 47 20 16 6 5 37 2 34 4

(%) 100 60 38,9 52,2 22,2 17,8 6,7 5,6 3,3 2,3 37,8 4,4

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·387

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:382-390

ªËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 4. ∂ÈÏÔΤ˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ª∂£. ∂ÈÏÔ΋

∞ÛıÂÓ›˜ (n)

(%)

22 16 6 1 6 4 1

24,4 17,8 6,7 1,1 6,7 4,4 1,1

∞ÚÈı. ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ≥1 ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ ¢∂¶ ¡ÂÊÚÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· ∏·ÙÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· ¡ÂÎÚÒÛÂȘ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∞ÚıÚ›Ùȉ· πÛ¯·ÈÌ›· Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ ¢∂¶: ¢È¿¯˘ÙË ÂÓ‰·ÁÁÂȷ΋ ‹ÍË

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 5. ∞ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ 59 ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·. ¶·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ∞Ú. ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ÂËÚ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˘˜ ≥1 ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ πÓˆ‰ÔÁfiÓÔ >400 πÓˆ‰ÔÁfiÓÔ <100 ¶·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ VII<50% FDP>0,5 TAT>5 PAP>500 ∞ÓÙÈıÚÔÌ‚›ÓË πππ<80% ¶ÚˆÙ½ÓË C <60% ¶ÚˆÙ½ÓË S <60%

∞ÛıÂÓ›˜ (n)

(%)

50 35 9 46 24 29 22 24 35 9

84,7 59,3 15,2 77,9 49,1 37,2 40,6 59,3 15,2

FDP: ¶ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ· ·Ô‰fiÌËÛ˘ ÈÓÒ‰Ô˘˜ (Fibrin Degradation Products) TAT: ™‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· ıÚÔÌ‚›Ó˘-·ÓÙÈıÚÔÌ‚›Ó˘ (Thrombin-Antithrombin complex) PAP: ™‡ÌÏÂÁÌ· Ï·ÛÌ›Ó˘-·ÓÙÈÏ·ÛÌ›Ó˘ (Plasmin-Antiplasmin complex)

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 6. ¢˘ÛÌÂÓ›˜ ÚÔÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÔ› ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· Ô˘ ÓÔÛËχÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ª∂£. ¶·Ú¿ÁˆÓ

∂¤˙ËÛ·Ó ∫·Ù¤ÏËÍ·Ó P (n=77)

™˘ÛÙ. ∞¶<70mmHg 15 PH<7,35 4 §Â˘Î¿<5000/mm3 6 ∞ÈÌÔÂÙ¿ÏÈ·<100.000/mm3 8 ∆·¯Â›· ¤Îı˘ÛË ÂÍ·Óı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ 2 ÃÚfiÓÔ˜ ÚÔıÚÔÌ‚›Ó˘>25’’ 7

(n=13) 9 6 8 10 6 10

<0,01 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001 <0,001

ÛÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 5, Ô ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Û 1 ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ‹Í˘. ŒÍÈ ·È‰È¿ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ·ÓÔ˘Ú›·, ÏfiÁˆ ÔÍ›·˜ ÓÂÊÚÈ΋˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜, Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛıËΠÌÂ Û˘Ó¯‹ ·ÚÙËÚÈÔÊÏ‚È΋ ·ÈÌԉȋıËÛË. ŒÓ· ·fi ·˘Ù¿ ¯ÚÂÈ¿ÛÙËΠÂÈϤÔÓ Û˘Ó‰ڛ˜ ·ÈÌÔοı·ÚÛ˘. ™Ù· 2 ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ·Ó Ë ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÓÂÊÚÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ï‹Ú˘. ∏ ÔÏÈÁÔ˘Ú›· ‰È‹ÚÎÂÛ ̤¯ÚÈ 19 Ë̤Ú˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÙÈ̤˜ Ù˘ ÎÚ·ÙÈÓ›Ó˘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÔ‡ Â·Ó‹Ïı·Ó ÛÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο fiÚÈ· ̤۷ Û 27 Ë̤Ú˜. ∂›Ó·È ·ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙÔ fiÙÈ ¤Ó·˜ ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ ÈÛ¯·ÈÌ›· Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ ÌÂ Û˘Ì‚·Ù¤˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ ∏∫°, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ì ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ú‰È·ÎÒÓ ÂÓ˙‡ÌˆÓ (ÙÚÔÔÓ›ÓË, CPK-MB). ∆fiÛÔ ÙÔ ¿ÌÂÛÔ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈ·Îfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ, fiÛÔ Î·È Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜ Ô ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ˘ÂÚ¯ÔÏËÛÙÂÚÈÓ·ÈÌ›·. OÈ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔηډÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ Î·È Ù· ηډȷο ¤Ó˙˘Ì· ·ÔηٷÛÙ¿ıËÎ·Ó ÙȘ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ Ë̤Ú˜ Ì ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ··ÈÙËı› ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ·ÁˆÁ‹. ∞fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ·‚›ˆÛ·Ó 13 (ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· 14,4%). ∞fi ·˘Ù¿, Ù· 9 (69,2%) η٤ÏËÍ·Ó Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ 1Ô 24ˆÚÔ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜. O ̤ÛÔ˜ fiÚÔ˜ ¤Ï¢Û˘ ı·Ó¿ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ·‚›ˆÛ·Ó ‹Ù·Ó 36 ÒÚ˜ ·fi Ù˘ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ª∂£ (1 ¤ˆ˜ 160 ÒÚ˜). ∂ÈϤÔÓ, 4 ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· ÚÔÛÎÔÌ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙ· ∂͈ÙÂÚÈο π·ÙÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ Ì·˜ ÓÂÎÚ¿. ∆fiÛÔ Ë ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· fiÛÔ Î·È Ë ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ Ê¿ÓËΠӷ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ‹ ÌÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ÔÚÔÔÌ¿‰· ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ‚›Ô˘. ø˜ ‰˘ÛÌÂÓ›˜ ÚÔÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÔ› ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ıˆÚËıÔ‡Ó: Ë Ù·¯Â›· ¤Îı˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÍ·Óı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ë ¯·ÌËÏ‹ ·ÚÙËÚȷ΋ ›ÂÛË (Û˘ÛÙÔÏÈ΋ ∞¶<70mm Hg), PH<7,35, ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Ï¢ÎÒÓ ·ÈÌÔ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·ÈÌÔÂÙ·ÛÊ·ÈÚ›ˆÓ <5.000/mm3, Ï›ˆÓ<100.000/mm3 Î·È Ô ·Ú·ÙÂٷ̤ÓÔ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ÚÔıÚÔÌ‚›Ó˘ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 6). ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì·˜ ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó 90 ·È‰È¿ Ì ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Î·È ˘ÚÂÙfi Ô˘ ·Ô‰fiıËΠ۠ª™. ™Â 55 ·fi Ù· ·È‰È¿ ·˘Ù¿ Ë ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ Ïԛ̈ÍË ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠ›Ù Ì ηÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ, ›Ù Ì PCR ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘ DNA ÙÔ˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ˘, ›Ù Ì ·Ó›¯Ó¢ÛË ·ÓÙÈÁfiÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ‚›Ô˘, ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ˘fiÏÔÈ· Ë ª™ ıˆڋıËΠˆ˜ "‡ÔÙË". ŸÏ· Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ì "‡ÔÙË" ª™ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ›· ÌÈÎÚԂȷ΋˜ Ïԛ̈͢ (ÂËÚ·Ṳ̂ÓË ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË, ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Ï¢ÎÒÓ ·ÈÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚ›ˆÓ, ˘„ËÏ‹ CRP), ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ıˆÚËÙÈο fï˜, ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÈ ÙÔ ÂӉ¯fiÌÂÓÔ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·˜ ·fi Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ ‹ ·ÈÌfiÊÈÏÔ ÈÓÊÏÔ˘¤ÓÙÛ·˜, ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ Ù· ÌÈÎÚfi‚È· ·˘Ù¿ ›ӷÈ

387

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™ÂÏ›‰·388

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:382-390

‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÔ˘Ó ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Î·È ·ÚfiÌÔȘ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Ì ÙÔÓ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ (12). ∞Ó Ï¿‚Ô˘Ì ˘fi„Ë ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ›¯·Ó ÂÌ‚ÔÏÈ·ÛÙ› ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙÔ˘ Hib Î·È ÙË Û·ÓÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ·˘ÙÒÓ ÌÈÎÚÔ‚›ˆÓ Ó· ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÛË„·ÈÌ›· Û˘Óԉ¢fiÌÂÓË ·fi ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ·, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ë Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ¿ÏÏ˘ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·˜, ÏËÓ Ù˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋˜, Ó· ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È Ôχ ÌÈÎÚ‹, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌËÓ ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ Ù· ÙÂÏÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Ì·˜. ∆Ô Û¯ÂÙÈο ÌÈÎÚfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi ·ÔÌfiÓˆÛ˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ˘ ÛÙȘ ηÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì·˜ ·Ô‰›‰ÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÓÙÈ‚›ˆÛ˘ ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙˆÓ Î·ÏÏÈÂÚÁÂÈÒÓ, ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Â›¯Â ÌÂÙ·ÊÂÚı› ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›· ÛÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·˜, ·ÊÔ‡ ›¯·Ó ‹‰Ë Ï¿‚ÂÈ ·ÓÙÈÌÈÎÚԂȷ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹. £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¯ÔÚËÁÂ›Ù·È ·ÓÙÈ‚›ˆÛË, Ô ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ ·ÔÌÔÓÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ 35-50% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ, ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ·Ó ·˘ÙÔ› ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÈÌÔÚÚ·ÁÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· ‹ ıÂÙÈΤ˜ ηÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÔÓˆÙÈ·›Ô˘ ˘ÁÚÔ‡ (13).

OÈ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ª™ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚË ·ÈÙ›· ı·Ó¿ÙÔ˘. OÈ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È Û ÙÚȯÔÂȉÈ΋ ‰È·Ê˘Á‹ Î·È Î·Ù¿ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Û ˘ÔÔÁηÈÌ›·, Û ·ÁÁÂÈԉȷÛÙÔÏ‹ Î·È Û Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ (14). ∆Ô 50% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ª™ Ô˘ ÂÈÛ‹¯ıËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·˜ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜, ÂÓÒ ¤Ó· ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi (20%) ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ˘fiÏÔÈÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÙȘ ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ ÒÚ˜ ÂÏ·ÊÚ¤˜ ‹ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ˜ ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜. ∂›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi fiÙÈ ÙÔ 35,2% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜ ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔÔÈ‹ıËΠ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈο ÌfiÓÔ Ì ÊÔÚÙ›ÛÂȘ ˘ÁÚÒÓ, Ì ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ÂÈÙ‡¯ıËΠ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ‰·ÁÁÂÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÙÔ˘˜ fiÁÎÔ˘, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ˘fiÏÔÈÔ 64,8% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ηٷÏËÍ›· ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙ ÂÈϤÔÓ ÌÂȈ̤ÓË Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ (LVEF<65%). O ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Ì·˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ı·ÓfiÓÙˆÓ Î·È ÂÈ˙ÒÓÙˆÓ ÙfiÛÔ ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ÚÔÊÔÚÙ›Ô˘ (ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ÊÏ‚È΋ ›ÂÛË, ›ÂÛË ÂÓÛÊ‹ÓˆÛ˘), fiÛÔ Î·È ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘ (LVEF, LVSWI, RVSWI). ∆· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù¿ Ì·˜ Û˘ÌʈÓÔ‡Ó Ì ·˘Ù¿ ÙˆÓ Mercier Î·È Û˘Ó., ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛ·Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ηٷÏËÍ›· Ô˘ η٤ÏËÍ·Ó ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó ÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘Û· ˘ÔÔÁηÈÌ›· Î·È ÛÔ‚·ÚfiÙÂÚË Î·Ú‰È·Î‹ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·, Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛ·Ó (15). ∆¤ÏÔ˜, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ‰ÈÂıÓÒ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË PiCCO Û ·È‰È¿ Ì ηٷÏËÍ›·.

388

¶. ∫·Ï·Ì·Ï›Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

Œ¯ÂÈ ·Ô‰Âȯı› fiÙÈ ¤Ó·˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÌÂÙ·‚È‚·ÛÙÒÓ, fiˆ˜ ÔÈ TNF-·, IL-1‚, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-Á ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο Û ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ª™ Î·È Ù· Â›‰¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘Û¯ÂÙÈÛÙ› Ì ÙË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (14,16-19). ∞fi ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰Âȯı› fiÙÈ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙË ª™ ·›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ TNF-· Î·È IL-1‚ (14). OÈ ‰‡Ô ·˘Ù¤˜ ΢ÙÙ·ÚÔΛÓ˜ ‰ÈÂÁ›ÚÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ¿ÏÏˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÎÈÓÒÓ, ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ Ù· Ô˘‰ÂÙÂÚfiÊÈÏ· Î·È ÌÔÓÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ÚÔÛÎfiÏÏËÛ˘ ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÔ˘Ú‹ÓˆÓ Î·È Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿ÁˆÓ ÛÙ· ÂÓ‰ÔıËÏȷο ·ÙÙ·Ú·, ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ‚Ï¿‚Ë ÛÙ· ÂÓ‰ÔıËÏȷο ·ÙÙ·Ú· Î·È ·ÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÌÔÓÔÍÂȉ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ ·˙ÒÙÔ˘ (¡O), Ì ÙÂÏÈÎfi ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙÚȯÔÂȉÈ΋ ‰È·Ê˘Á‹ Î·È ·ÒÏÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÁ›ˆÓ (20-22). ∆¤ÏÔ˜, Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÎÈÓÒÓ ÛÙÔ Ì˘ÔοډÈÔ ÚÔηÏ› Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË Ù˘ ηډȷ΋˜ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ (23). ™ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÏËÍ›· ·Ô‰›‰ÔÓÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ·fi ÙȘ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì·˜, fiˆ˜ ÈÛ¯·ÈÌ›· Ì˘Ôηډ›Ô˘, Ë·ÙÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·, ÓÂÊÚÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· (24). ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ Schildkamp Î·È Û˘Ó. 0,4% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÓfiÛÔ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ·Ó Ë·ÙÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· Î·È 1,1% ÓÂÊÚÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· (25). ∂›Ó·È ·ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙÔ ˆÛÙfiÛÔ fiÙÈ 2 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì·˜ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ·Ó ÔÍ›· ÓÂÊÚÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·, ÏfiÁˆ ÛÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÔÓÂÊÚ›Ùȉ·˜, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÔ˘Ó ÛËÌ›· ηٷÏËÍ›·˜. ¶·ÚfiÙÈ, ·' fiÛÔ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘ÌÂ, ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈΤ˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¤˜, Ë ÂÍ‹ÁËÛË Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ‰Ôı› Â›Ó·È Ë ·¢ı›·˜ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉfiÎÔÎÎÔ˘ ‹ ·ÓÔÛÔÛ˘ÌÏÂÁÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÓÂÊÚÈÎfi Û›ڷ̷ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì·˜. ¢∂¶ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÂΉËψı› ̤۷ Û 24-48 ÒÚ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ¶ÔÛÔÛÙfi 17,8% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì·˜ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ¢∂¶, ÂÓÒ ¤Ó· ·ÎfiÌ· ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÌÂÌÔӈ̤Ó˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Û 1 ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ‹Í˘, fiˆ˜ Ë ·ÓÙÈıÚÔÌ‚›ÓË πππ, Ë ÚˆÙ½ÓË C Î·È Ë ÚˆÙ½ÓË S. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ù· Â›‰· ÙˆÓ ÙÚÈÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÒÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘Û¯ÂÙÈÛÙ› Ì ÙËÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ¢∂¶ Î·È Ì η΋ ¤Î‚·ÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ∏ ˘„ËÏ‹ ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ù˘ ª™ ÛÙË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ· ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ô‰Ôı› Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·ÓˆÚÈÌfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ C (26,27). ¶·Ú¿ ÙÔ fiÙÈ Ô ·ıÔÊ˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ¢∂¶ ÛÙË ª™ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÔχÏÔÎÔ˜, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ Ù˘ ËÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô TNF-· ·›˙ÂÈ ÚˆÙ‡ÔÓÙ· ÚfiÏÔ. ∏ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔΛÓË ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈ› Ù· Ì·ÎÚÔÊ¿Á· ÁÈ· Û‡ÓıÂÛË ÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ıÚÔÌ‚ÔÏ·ÛÙ›Ó˘ (tissue factor), Ë ÔÔ›· ·ÏÏËÏÂȉÚÒÓÙ·˜ Ì ٷ ÂÓ‰ÔıËÏȷο ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈ› ÙÔÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ‹Í˘ (28). ™Â fiϘ ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ¢∂¶ ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ıËΠÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì·˜ ÊÚ¤ÛÎÔ Î·Ù„˘Á̤ÓÔ Ï¿ÛÌ·, ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Û ÔÚÈ-

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

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Ṳ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ì ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· VII, Ì ÚˆÙ½ÓË C ‹ Ì ٷ˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÓÙÈËÎÙÈ΋˜ ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ (·ÓÙÈıÚÔÌ‚›ÓË πππ, ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔÈËÙ‹ Ï·ÛÌÈÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘). ∞fi Û¯ÂÙÈο ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ ‹Í˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Â˘ÓÔ˚ο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÛÙËÓ ¤Î‚·ÛË Ù˘ ª™ (29-31). ∏ ·Ú¯È΋ ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì·˜ ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ÎÂÊ·ÏÔÛÔÚ›ÓË 3˘ ÁÂÓ¿˜ ‹ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ›Ó˘-¯ÏˆÚ·ÌÊÂÓÈÎfiÏ˘. ™ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜ ¯ÔÚËÁ›ÙÔ ÂÈϤÔÓ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂı·˙fiÓË. ∏ ÂˆÊÂÏ‹˜ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ‰ÂÍ·ÌÂı·˙fiÓ˘, ÛÙË Ì›ˆÛË Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ ·ÎÔ‹˜, ¤¯ÂÈ ‰Âȯı› Û ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜ ·fi ·ÈÌfiÊÈÏÔ ÈÓÊÏÔ˘¤ÓÙÛ·˜ Î·È Ó¢ÌÔÓÈfiÎÔÎÎÔ (32-34), ÂÓÒ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ ÛÙË ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ· Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ηχÙÂÚË ¤Î‚·ÛË, ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ·ÎÔ‹ Î·È ÙË Ó¢ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË (35). À„ËϤ˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Â›Û˘ Û 20 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì·˜ Ì ÂÎÙÂٷ̤Ó˜ Âί˘ÌÒÛÂȘ Î·È Î·Ù·ÏËÍ›·, Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Ê¿ÓËΠfï˜ Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ¤Î‚·ÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ∏ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ Û ÛËÙÈ΋ ηٷÏËÍ›· Â›Ó·È ·ÌÊÈÛ‚ËÙÔ‡ÌÂÓË. ¢‡Ô Û¯ÂÙÈο ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÌÂÙ·-·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂȘ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹ ‰ÂÓ ÌÂÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙË ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ÛË„·ÈÌ›· ‹ ÛËÙÈ΋ ηٷÏËÍ›· (36,37). ∞fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÌÂÚÈ¿ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÈÛÙˆı› fiÙÈ Û ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÛËÙÈ΋˜ ηٷÏËÍ›·˜ Ù· Â›‰· ÎÔÚÙÈ˙fiÏ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÌÂÓ Û¯ÂÙÈο ·˘ÍË̤ӷ, ·ÏÏ¿ ÛÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÌÂȈ̤ӷ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ (38). º·›ÓÂÙ·È Â›Û˘ fiÙÈ Ù· ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹ ·˘Í¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ Â˘·ÈÛıËÛ›· ÙˆÓ ·‰ÚÂÓÂÚÁÈÎÒÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ, ÒÛÙ ٷ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ÈÓfiÙÚÔ· Ó· ‰ÚÔ˘Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο. ¶·ÚfiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙË ÌËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›· ÂȉÈο, ÂӉ¯Ô̤ӈ˜ Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉÒÓ Ó· ‚ÔËı¿ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·˘Ù‹ Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ηٷÏËÍ›·. ∏ ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Ì·˜ ‹Ù·Ó 14,4%. ¢ÈÂıÓÒ˜ Ë ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ª™ Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi 18 ¤ˆ˜ 34% (11,39) Î·È ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ηٷÏËÍ›· Êı¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ 50% (40). ø˜ ‰˘ÛÌÂÓ›˜ ÚÔÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÔ› ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÛÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ì·˜ ıˆڋıËÎ·Ó Ë Ù·¯Â›· ¤Îı˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÍ·Óı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Ë ¯·ÌËÏ‹ ·ÚÙËÚȷ΋ ›ÂÛË, Ô ÌÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Ï¢ÎÒÓ ·ÈÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚ›ˆÓ Î·È ·ÈÌÔÂÙ·Ï›ˆÓ, ÙÔ ¯·ÌËÏfi PH Î·È Ë ·Ú¿Ù·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ ÚÔıÚÔÌ‚›Ó˘. OÈ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔÈ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ‰˘ÛÌÂÓ›˜ Î·È Û ¿ÏϘ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ (41-45). ∞Ó Î·È Û ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ë ·Ô˘Û›· ÌËÓÈÁÁ›Ùȉ·˜ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ‰˘ÛÌÂÓ‹˜ ÚÔÁÓˆÛÙÈÎfi˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ (44-46), ÛÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ì·˜ ‰ÂÓ Î·Ù¤ÛÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÂÎÙÈÌËı› Ô ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ·˘Ùfi˜, ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ Û ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ η٤ÏËÍ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ÔÛÊ˘ÔÓˆÙÈ·›· ·Ú·Î¤ÓÙËÛË, ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ηٿÛÙ·Û‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜.

ªËÓÈÁÁÈÙȉÔÎÔÎÎÈ΋ ÛË„·ÈÌ›·

™˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο, Ë ÌÂϤÙË Ì·˜ ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÈ ¿ÏϘ ·ÚfiÌÔȘ ÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜, ηٿ ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ Ë ª™ Â›Ó·È ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÌÂ Û˘¯Ó¿ Ú·Á‰·›· ÂͤÏÈÍË, Ì ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ì ÙËÓ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ÙˆÓ ı·Ó¿ÙˆÓ Ó· Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ ÒÚ˜ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜. °È· Ù· ·È‰È¿ ÏÔÈfiÓ Ì ª™ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ÛÙÂÓ‹ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ, ÂӉ¯Ô̤ӈ˜ Û ÂÍÂȉÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó· ÙÌ‹Ì·Ù·, ÒÛÙ ӷ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ¤ÁηÈÚ· Ë Î·Ù·ÏËÍ›· Î·È Ó· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Â·Ú΋˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ÁÈ· ·ÈÌÔ‰˘Ó·ÌÈ΋ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË, Ô˘ ı· Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ÙÔ Ù·¯‡ÙÂÚÔ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÂÂÌ‚·ÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË. µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Glode M, Smith A. Meningococcal disease. In: Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Disease. 3rd edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1992. p. 1185-1197.

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∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋˜ Î·È ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ª·ÓfiÏ˘ §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘, πˆ¿ÓÓ· ªÔÛ¯·Ó‰Ú¤·, ∞ÓÙÒÓ˘ ∫·Ê¿ÙÔ˜ ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ∏ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë Î·Ì˘ÏÒÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ì·˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ηٿ ÙËÓ ÚÔ-Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ· Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙËÓ ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ·˘Ù‹˜. ™Ù· ‚È‚ÏÈ¿ÚÈ· ˘Á›·˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Í¤Ó· ÚfiÙ˘· ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 3Ô ¤ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ Î·Ì˘ÏÒÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Ô˘ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ¿ÏϘ ¯ÒÚ˜, ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·È‰È¿ÙÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÁÂÓÂÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÊÔÚÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÏËı˘ÛÌÒÓ. ™Â 1200 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜, Ì‹ÎÔ˜, ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Î·È ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ıËÎÂ Ô ‰Â›ÎÙ˘ Ì¿˙·˜ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ (¢ª™) ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 6o ¤ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜. OÈ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÌÂϤÙ˘ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ‡ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜. ªÂÙ¿ ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË, Ô ·Ú¯ÈÎfi˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÌÂÙ·‚Ï‹ıËΠÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ Î·È ÌfiÓÔ 71 ·È‰È¿ ›¯·Ó Ï‹ÚË ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË. ∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠ̠˙˘Áfi ·ÎÚȂ›·˜ (±20 g), ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Û ‡ÙÈ· ı¤ÛË Ì ÂȉÈ΋˜ ηٷÛ΢‹˜ Û·Ó›‰È Î·È ·ÎÚ›‚ÂÈ· ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ±0,5 cm (ÌÂϤÙË Â·Ó·ÏË„ÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜) Î·È Ë ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Ì ÌÂÙÚÈ΋ Ù·ÈÓ›· ÛÙ·ıÂÚÔ‡ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜. OÈ Î·Ì‡Ï˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ 5Ë, 10Ë, 25Ë, 50Ë, 75Ë, 90Ë Î·È 95Ë ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›· ı¤ÛË Î¿ı ËÏÈΛ·˜, Î·È ÂÍÔ̷χÓıËÎ·Ó Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙË Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈ΋ - ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÔÏ˘ˆÓ˘ÌÈÎÔ‡ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘ Á' ‚·ıÌÔ‡. ∏ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËΠ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 12 Ì‹Ó· Ì ‚¿ÛË ÌfiÓÔ ÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ (·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ıËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ ‹ Ì Á¿Ï· ·ÁÂÏ¿‰Ô˜). ∆ÔÓ 1Ô Ì‹Ó· ÙÔ 40% ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ÌËÙÚÈÎfi Á¿Ï· ÂÓÒ ÙÔ 12% ›¯Â ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Ì Á¿Ï· ·ÁÂÏ¿‰·˜. ™ÙÔÓ 6Ô Î·È 9Ô Ì‹Ó· Ô ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ıËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ Û˘Ó¯›ÛÙËΠ·fi ÙÔ 9% Î·È 4% ÙˆÓ ÌËÙ¤ÚˆÓ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ÔÈ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ Ë 50Ë ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›· ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ÁÈ· Ù· ·ÁfiÚÈ· Â›Ó·È 3,5 kg Î·È ÛÙ· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· 3,3 kg. OÈ Î·Ì‡Ï˜ ·Ó·Ù‡Í˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 0-6 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó Û ÂıÓÈÎfi Â›‰Ô, ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ ·fi Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ÌËÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ·È‰È¿ ÚÔÂÚ¯fiÌÂÓ· ·fi ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌ· ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:391-407. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ, ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË, ·È‰È¿, ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ·.

M. Linardakis, I. Moschandrea, A. Kafatos. Growth curves of infants and preschool age children from Crete which resulted from longitudinal study. Paediatriki 2000;63:391-407. ● Abstract: The lack of growth curves for the children in our country, particularly those of a pre-school age, was the motivation for the present study. Foreign growth standards are used in child health books from birth to 3 years old. The use of those child growth curves by paediatricians in Greece is not acceptable given the socioeconomic and genetic differences of the populations. In about 1200 children from Crete, weight, length and head circumference were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was estimated from birth to the sixth year of age.

These measurements were a result of obtaning both longitudinal and cross-sectional measurements. After birth, the initial population of children changed for various reasons and only 71 children had a full term follow-up.

Weights were taken using a precision scale (±20g), the length was measured in a supine position on a purposemade block with an accuracy of ±0.5cm (repeated measurements taken) and the head circumference was measured with a standard length measuring tape. Percentile growth curves of anthropometric measures were calculated from the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentile of each age and were smoothed using

¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∫Ú‹Ù˘, ∆Ì‹Ì· π·ÙÚÈ΋˜, ∆Ô̤·˜ ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋˜ π·ÙÚÈ΋˜, ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ¶ÚÔÏËÙÈ΋˜ π·ÙÚÈ΋˜ Î·È ¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜

391

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¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

a mathematical-statistical polynomial regression model. The development of the children was studied from birth until the twelfth month of age on the basis of their dietary intake (solely breast-fed versus cow milk fed). 40% of the children were solely breast-fed during their 1st month of life, while 12% were fed only with cow milk. On the 6th and 9th month 9% and 4% of the mothers respectively continued to solely breast-feed. The growth curves showed that the 50th percentile for birth weight is 3.5 kg for boys and 3.3 kg for girls. The growth curves of the children from Crete aged 0-6 years old could be used at a national level, given the fact that there are not any large deviations in the children's development from various regions of the country on the basis of available published data.

Key words: percentile, growth, children, pre-school age.

EÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ O ÚfiÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Î·È È‰›ˆ˜ ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ· Â›Ó·È Î·ıÔÚÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÂıÓÈο ÚfiÙ˘· Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ˘ÁÈÒÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· ÁÂÓÂÙÈο Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο. ŒÓ·˜ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ÏfiÁÔ˜, Ô˘ ηıÈÛÙ¿ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ··Ú·›ÙËÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ›Ó·Î˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘, Â›Ó·È Ë ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Û ÏËı˘ÛÌȷ΋ ‚¿ÛË. ªÂÙ¿ ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ·fi ÌÈ· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ı· Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ Ë ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ·Ó ‚¿ÚÔ˜, ·Ó¿ÛÙËÌ· ‹ Î·È Ù· ‰˘Ô ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Û ÏËı˘ÛÌÈ·Îfi Â›Â‰Ô Î·È Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙȘ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜. ∞Ó, ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ˘ÈÔıÂÙËı› ÌÈ· ÂıÓÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Î·È ÙË ÚfiÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ ı· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‚¿ÛË Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛ˘ Î·È ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÁÈ· ÂÈÙ˘¯›· ‹ ·ÔÙ˘¯›· Ù˘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜. ∏ ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÁÓˆÚ›ÛÂÈ ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙȘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ηٿ ÙȘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ Ï›Á˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜, fiˆ˜ Ë ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË, Ë ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ Ì ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ë ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡, Ë ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ù˘ ÙËÏÂfiÚ·Û˘ Û οı ÂÏÏËÓÈÎfi Û›ÙÈ, Ë ÙÂÚ¿ÛÙÈ· ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ Ô¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ˘ÂÚ·ÁÔÚÒÓ Î·È ¯ÈÏÈ¿‰ˆÓ ÚÔ˚fiÓÙˆÓ Î¿ÙÈ ·‰È·ÓfiËÙÔ ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ ‘60.

OÈ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÂÈ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ ·¯˘Û·ÚΛ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡(1) ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÈÎÙÒÓ ÓÔÛËÚfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ıÓËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ·˜ ·fi ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù·.

OÈ ÂȉڿÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈΈÓÈÎÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â›ÎÙ˜ ˘Á›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ ı· ‹Ù·Ó ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ÔÛÔÙÈÎÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ·Ó ˘‹Ú¯·Ó Ù· ηٿÏÏËÏ· ÚfiÙ˘· Î·È ‚¿ÛÂȘ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·fi ÏËı˘ÛÌȷΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜. ∏ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜

392

™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜: ∂.£. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ £¤ÛÂȘ ¢ª™ ¢Â›ÎÙ˘ ª¿˙·˜ ™ÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∂¶∞ ∂ıÓÈο ¶ÚfiÙ˘· ∞Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ CV ™˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹˜ ªÂÙ·‚ÏËÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ∞bbreviations: P Percentile BMI Body Mass Index NGS National Growth Standards CV Coefficient of Variation

ÁÈ· Ù· ·È‰È¿ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋˜ Î·È ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ÏfiÁˆ Ù·¯Â›·˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Î·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˘ ¢·ÈÛıËÛ›·˜ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ÂȉڿÛÂȘ. ∏ ÂÚÌËÓ›· ‚¤‚·È· Ù˘ ÂͤÏÈ͢ Î·È ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÂÓfi˜ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÌÂ Û˘ÓÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ì ¿ÏϘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜, fiˆ˜ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÔ› ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜, ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹, ۈ̷ÙÈ΋ ¿ÛÎËÛË Î·È ÁÂÓÈο Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È ÔÈ Û˘Óı‹Î˜ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ˘Á›·. ™Ùfi¯Ô˜ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ̤ۈ ÙˆÓ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜ (2,3) ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ. OÈ Î·Ì‡Ï˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Û˘ÁÎÚ›ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ·, Ì ˘¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ· ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·fi ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Î·È ·fi ¿ÏϘ ¯ÒÚ˜ (2,4,5-8,11). ŒÓ·˜ ÂÈÚfiÛıÂÙÔ˜ ÏfiÁÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙˆÓ ‚ÚÂÊÒÓ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰Â‰Ô̤Ó˘ Ù˘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ηٿ ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜.

M¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ∏ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÚÁ·Û›· ‚·Û›ÛÙËΠ۠‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ (¤ÙË 19881995). ∆Ô ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÔÚÁ·ÓÒıËΠ·Ú¯Èο ÙÔ 1986 Û ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓ ∫Ú‹ÙË, Ì ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÂÁ·ˆÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ ÛÙ· ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›· Î·È Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ȉȈÙÈΤ˜ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜ Ô˘ ·Ô‰¤¯ıËÎ·Ó Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ·˘Ù‹ ¤ÁÈÓ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Î·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÁÈ·

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¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

ÙȘ ¤ÁÎ˘Â˜ Á˘Ó·›Î˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁ¤ÓÓËÙˆÓ ·fi ÙȘ Ì·›Â˜ Î·È ÂÈÛΤÙÚȘ ·‰ÂÏʤ˜ ÙˆÓ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌ›ˆÓ, ·ÁÚÔÙÈÎÒÓ È·ÙÚ›ˆÓ Î·È Î¤ÓÙÚˆÓ ˘Á›·˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÂÎ·›‰Â˘ÛË Î·È Û˘Ó¯‹ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì·˙› ÙÔ˘˜. ∏ ÔÌ¿‰· ¶ÚÔÏËÙÈ΋˜ π·ÙÚÈ΋˜ & ¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ π·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ›¯Â ·Ó·Ï¿‚ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ª¤Û· ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛÙËΠÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ¤˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ, ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· Î·È ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ·ÍÈÔÈÛÙ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›ˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ. ∆Ô ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ›¯Â ¤Ó· ÌfiÓÈÌÔ Û٤ϯԘ Û οı ÓÔÌfi (ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ÷ӛˆÓ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ‰¤¯ıËÎ·Ó ÙÂÏÈÎÒ˜ ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·) Ì Ï‹ÚË ··Û¯fiÏËÛË, ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÙÔÈÎfi Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ. °È· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÔ‡˜, ÙÂÏÈο ·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ‰‡Ô ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÓÔÌÔ‡˜ ƒÂı‡ÌÓ˘ Î·È §·ÛÈı›Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 6 ÂÙÒÓ. ∏ ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÁ·ˆÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁ¤ÓÓËÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÚÔÛ¤Ï¢Û˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ °ÂÓÈÎfi ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ƒÂı‡ÌÓÔ˘, ™ËÙ›·˜ Î·È ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ∏Ú·ÎÏ›Ԣ Û ΤÓÙÚ· ˘Á›·˜, ·ÁÚÔÙÈο È·ÙÚ›· Î·È È‰ÈˆÙÈΤ˜ ÎÏÈÓÈΤ˜. ™Â ·˘Ù¿ ·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Ô˘ ¤Î·Ó·Ó fiϘ ÙȘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤ˆ˜ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 6 ÂÙÒÓ. ∆Ô 1988 ¿Ú¯ÈÛ Ì ÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ ÁÂÓÓ‹ÛÂȘ Ë Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û ٷ ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Î·È Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ÂÓÒ Ë Î·Ù·ÁÚ·Ê‹ fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚ‹ÛˆÓ, ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›ˆÓ fiˆ˜ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÓÔÛËÚfiÙËÙ·˜, „˘¯ÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË, ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË Î·È ıËÏ·ÛÌfi˜/ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ 1Ô˘, 2Ô˘, 3Ô˘, 6Ô˘, 9Ô˘, 12Ô˘, 18Ô˘ Î·È ÂÓ Û˘Ó¯›·, οı 6 Ì‹Ó˜ ¤ˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ 72Ô Ì‹Ó·, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 6Ô ¤ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 30 ÌËÓÒÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠ̠‚ÚÂÊÔ˙˘Áfi ·ÎÚȂ›·˜ ±20 ÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ú›ˆÓ. O ‚ÚÂÊÔ˙˘Áfi˜ ÌˉÂÓÈ˙fiÙ·Ó ÚÈÓ ·fi οı ̤ÙÚËÛË Î·È ÂϤÁ¯ÂÙÔ Ë ·ÎÚ›‚ÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÁÓˆÛÙfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ 2 ÎÈÏÒÓ. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 30 ÌËÓÒÓ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÌÂÙÚÈfiÙ·Ó Ì ˙˘Áfi ·ÎÚȂ›·˜ Secca Ì ·ÎÚ›‚ÂÈ· ±100 ÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ú›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ Ë ·ÎÚ›‚ÂÈ· ÂϤÁ¯ÂÙÔ Ì ÁÓˆÛÙfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ 5 ÎÈÏÒÓ. ∆Ô ·Ó¿ÛÙËÌ· ÂÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙÔ Ì ÂÈ̋Θ Û·Ó›‰È ·Ú·ÏÏËÏfiÁÚ·ÌÌÔ ÂȉÈ΋˜ ηٷÛ΢‹˜ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ 1,5 ̤ÙÚÔ˘. ™ÙÔ ¤Ó· ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ›¯Â ηÚʈı› ÌfiÓÈÌÔ Î¿ıÂÙÔ Û·Ó›‰È ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÊ¿ÙÔÓÙ·È Ù· ¤ÏÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡. ™ÙÔ ¿ÏÏÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ Û·ÓȉÈÔ‡ ÙÔÔıÂÙ›ÙÔ ÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÛÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ÂÊ¿ÙÂÙÔ ÎÈÓËÙfi οıÂÙÔ Û·Ó›‰È. ™ÙÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÙÔ˘ ·Ú·ÏÏËÏfiÁÚ·ÌÌÔ˘ Û·ÓȉÈÔ‡ ηٿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ù›Ô˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ›¯Â ÂÈÎÔÏËı› ÌÂÙÚÈ΋ Ù·ÈÓ›· (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿ Î·È ‰¤Î·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÂηÙÔÛÙÔ‡). ∏ Ï‹„Ë ÙÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ì ÙË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· ‰‡Ô ·Ùfi-

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

̈Ó. ∆Ô ¤Ó· Û˘Ì›Â˙ ٷ ‰‡Ô ÁfiÓ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÚÔ˜ Ù· οو Î·È Ì ÙÚfiÔ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÊ¿ÙÔÓÙ·È ÙÂÏ›ˆ˜ Ù· ¤ÏÌ·Ù· ÛÙÔ ÌfiÓÈÌÔ Î¿ıÂÙÔ Û·Ó›‰È. ∆Ô ¿ÏÏÔ ¿ÙÔÌÔ ÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Û ·Î›ÓËÙÔ ÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓÔ‡Û ÙÔ Î¿ıÂÙÔ ÎÈÓËÙfi Û·Ó›‰È ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÊ¿ÙÂÙ·È Ï‹Úˆ˜ Ù˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜. ∏ ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË ‹Ù·Ó ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÔÚ·Ù‹ ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô fiÔ˘ ÙÔ Î¿ıÂÙÔ ÎÈÓËÙfi Û·Ó›‰È Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ‰È·ÛÙ·˘ÚÒÓÔÓÙ·Ó Ì ÙË ÌÂÙÚÈ΋ Ù·ÈÓ›·. ∏ ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÂÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙÔ Ì Ï·ÛÙÈ΋ ÌÂÙÚÈ΋ Ù·ÈÓ›· ηϋ˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙÔ˜ ÌË ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜, Ì ˘ԉȷÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ÂηÙÔÛÙÒÓ Î·È ‰ÂÎ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂηÙÔÛÙÔ‡. ∆Ô ·È‰› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 24 ÌËÓÒÓ ‹Ù·Ó Û ‡ÙÈ· ı¤ÛË Î·È Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·Ó ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘ ϤÔÓ ÚÔ¤¯ÔÓÙÔ˜ ÛËÌ›Ԣ Ù˘ ÈÓȷ΋˜ Î·È ÌÂÙˆÈ·›·˜ ¯ÒÚ·˜. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 24 ÌËÓÒÓ ÔÈ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·Ó Û ηıÈÛÙ‹ ı¤ÛË. ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔÓ ¢Â›ÎÙË ª¿˙·˜ ™ÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, ¤ÁÈÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Î·È Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ (¢ª™=‚¿ÚÔ˜ / Ì‹ÎÔ˜2, Ì ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÂÎÊÚ·Ṳ̂ÓÔ Û ÎÈÏ¿ Î·È ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Û ̤ÙÚ·) (9). §fiÁˆ ·ÒÏÂÈ·˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ·fi ·Û˘ÓÂ‹ Ù‹ÚËÛË ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓÈÒÓ ÂͤٷÛ˘, ÌÂÙ·ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈÒÓ Î·È ¿ÏÏˆÓ ·ÈÙÈÒÓ, Ô ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡ÓÙÔ (·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔÓ 72Ô Ì‹Ó·) ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÙ·Ó ·fi Ì‹Ó· Û ̋ӷ Ì ̤ÁÈÛÙÔ Ï‹ıÔ˜ ÙÔÓ 1Ô Ì‹Ó· (1142 ·È‰È¿) Î·È ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙÔ ÙÔÓ 66Ô Ì‹Ó· (87 ·È‰È¿). ∞fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ 71 ·È‰È¿ (38 ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È 33 ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·) ›¯·Ó Ï‹ÚË ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 72Ô Ì‹Ó·. ∏ ηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ‰È¤ÊÂÚ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÒ˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ˘ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ, Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÌÂϤÙ˘ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ‡ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜. ∏ ηٿÚÙÈÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ì˘ÏÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›ˆÓ ı¤ÛÂˆÓ (2,5,12) ÙÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜, Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜, ¢ª™ Î·È ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙȘ ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ 5Ë, 10Ë, 25Ë, 50Ë, 75Ë, 90Ë Î·È 95Ë Î·È ÔÈ ÙÈ̤˜ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔÈ¯Ô‡Ó ÛÙȘ ı¤ÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÂÍÔ̷χÓıËÎ·Ó ¯ˆÚÈÛÙ¿ ÁÈ· ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· Ì ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ Ù˘ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÔÏ˘ˆÓ˘ÌÈÎÔ‡ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘ Á’ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ (5,6,15,16), fiÔ˘ ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ‚·ıÌÔ‡˜ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÓ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜, Ì‹ÎÔ˜, ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ R2>99,4% Î·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢ª™ R2>82,5%. ∂›Û˘, ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËÎÂ Ë ‡·ÚÍË ‹ ÌË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿˜ ÛÙ· ۈ̷ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈο ÌÂÁ¤ıË Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ ‰È·Î‡Ì·ÓÛ˘ ηٿ ¤Ó·Ó ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· (oneway ANOVA), ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ı‹Ï·˙·Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Î·È ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔÓ 12Ô Ì‹Ó·. ∏ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ SPSS-X 8,0 ÂÓÒ Ë ‰È·ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ ÏÔÁÈÛÙÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· MS - Excel 97.

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™ÂÏ›‰·394

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

∞ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ™ÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 1 ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ fiÚˆÓ, ÙˆÓ Ù˘ÈÎÒÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙÒÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËÙfiÙËÙ·˜ (CV) ÙˆÓ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈÎÒÓ ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ. OÈ Î·Ì‡Ï˜ ÙˆÓ ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›ˆÓ ı¤ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· Ù· ·ÁfiÚÈ· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ· Û¯‹Ì·Ù· 1-4 Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÔÚÈÙÛÈÒÓ 5-8. ™ÙȘ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ·Ó·ÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ˜ ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ ÂÓÒ ·ÂÈÎÔÓ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÁÚ·ÊÈο ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Û ÎÈÏ¿ (kg), ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Î·È Ë ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Û ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿ (cm) Î·È Ô ¢ª™. ∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ ÛÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË Î·ıÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ 5Ë Î·È 95Ë ∂.£. 2,61 kg Î·È 4,25 kg, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· (Ì CV 15,3). ¢È·¯ÚÔÓÈο, ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ‰È·Î‡Ì·ÓÛË fiÛÔ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È Ë ËÏÈΛ· fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÛÙ· Û¯‹Ì·Ù· 1 & 2, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔÓ 72Ô Ì‹Ó· (6Ô ¤ÙÔ˜) ÔÈ 5Ë Î·È 95Ë ∂.£. Â›Ó·È 15,9 Î·È 32 kg, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· (Ì CV 21,3). ∆Ô Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÔÌÔÈfiÌÔÚÊË Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ «¿ψ̷» ÙˆÓ ∂.£ ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔÓ 1Ô Ì‹Ó· ÛÙËÓ 5Ë Î·È 95Ë ∂.£ 49,9 Î·È 59,8 cm, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· (Ì CV 4.8). ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ 36Ô Ì‹Ó· fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ· Û¯‹Ì·Ù·, ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ÌÈ· Û˘Ó¯fiÌÂÓË Ù·¯Â›· ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ (CV 3,9), ÂÓÒ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıˆ˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ 72Ô Ì‹Ó· Ô Ú˘ıÌfi˜ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ ÌÂÈÒÓÂÙ·È. ™ÙÔÓ 72Ô Ì‹Ó· ÔÈ 5Ë Î·È 95Ë ∂.£ Â›Ó·È 113 Î·È 128,6 cm, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· (Ì CV 3,7). O ¢ª™ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ù¿ÛË ·˘ÍÔÌ›ˆÛ˘ fiˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· Û¯‹Ì·Ù·, Ì ÈÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓË ÙË Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ¢ª™ ·fi ÙÔ 18Ô Ì‹Ó· ̤¯ÚÈ Î·È ÙÔÓ 60Ô, ÂÓÒ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıˆ˜ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷο ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ 72Ô Ì‹Ó·. ∏ ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÛÙ· ·ÁfiÚÈ· ¤¯ÂÈ ·˘ÍËÙÈ΋ Ù¿ÛË ¤ˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ 24Ô Ì‹Ó· ¤Ú·Ó ÙÔ˘ ÔÔ›Ô˘ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÛË.

OÈ ÛˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÚÈÙÛÈÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙË ‰È·ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ ηٷÓÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÂΛÓË ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ fiˆ˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È ·fi Ù· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· Û¯‹Ì·Ù·. Ÿˆ˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 1, ÔÈ Ì¤ÛÔÈ fiÚÔÈ Â›Ó·È ÂÏ·ÊÚÒ˜ ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚÔÈ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ. ™ÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 2.1 ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ô ÙÚfiÔ˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ‚ÚÂÊÒÓ ·fi ÙÔÓ 1Ô Ì‹Ó· ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 12Ô Ì‹Ó· Ì ÙȘ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ˜ (·fiÏ˘Ù˜ Î·È Û¯ÂÙÈΤ˜) ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Î·È ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï·. ªÂÙ¿ ÙÔ 2Ô Ì‹Ó· Ù· ÔÛÔÛÙ¿ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ÌÂÈÒÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏË ·‡ÍËÛË ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï·. ™ÙÔÓ 1Ô Ì‹Ó·, ·ıÚÔÈÛÙÈο Ù· ·È‰È¿ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ηÙËÁÔÚÈÒÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÌfiÏȘ ÙÔ ÌÈÛfi ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ (53%) Î·È ÂÔ̤ӈ˜ ÙÔ ˘fiÏÔÈÔ ÌÈÛfi ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÂÙ·È ÌÈÎÙ¿ ‰ËÏ·‰‹, ÌËÙÚÈÎfi Î·È Í¤ÓÔ Á¿Ï· Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›Â˜. ∞fi ÙÔÓ 1Ô ÛÙÔÓ 2Ô Ì‹Ó·, ÂÓÒ ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ηÙËÁÔڛ˜,

394

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

Â›Ó·È ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛȷ΋ Ë ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· (·fi ÙÔ 12% ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ 42%) Î·È Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ 12Ô Ì‹Ó· Ù›ÓÂÈ Ó· ηχ„ÂÈ Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ (ÙÔÓ 12Ô Ì‹Ó· Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔ 97% ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘). ™ÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 2.2 ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÁÈ· ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi ıËÏ·ÛÌfi Î·È Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ÔÛÔÛÙ¿ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‹ ÌËÙ¤ÚˆÓ ·fi ¿ÏϘ ¤Ú¢Ó˜ (18-21) ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚·ÓÔ̤Ó˘ Î·È Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ (17) Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1980. ªÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ıËÏ·ÛÌÔ‡ ‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∆ÚÈÎ¿ÏˆÓ (19) ÛÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ Ì‹Ó·, ÌfiÏȘ 80%, Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ¿ÏÏË ¤Ú¢ӷ Û ∞ı‹Ó· / ∂·Ú¯›· (20) Ô˘ ‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ 27%. °ÂÓÈο, ¿Óˆ ÙÔ˘ 6Ô˘ Ì‹Ó· ‰ÂÓ ‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Ì ıËÏ·ÛÌfi ·Ú¿ ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ ÓÔÌfi ∆ÚÈÎ¿ÏˆÓ Ì 2,8% ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Î·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ 81,8%, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ÛÙÔÓ 9Ô Ì‹Ó· ‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ 4% ÁÈ· ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi ıËÏ·ÛÌfi Î·È 90% ÁÈ· ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï·. ™˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈο, ÛÙÔÓ 3Ô Ì‹Ó· Ô ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ıËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ¤Ú¢ӷ Ù˘ ∞ı‹Ó·˜ / ∂·Ú¯›·˜ Î·È ¡›Î·È·˜ / ∫ÔÚ˘‰·ÏÏÔ‡ (21) Â›Ó·È ÌfiÏȘ 9 Î·È 9,3% ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÂÓÒ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ (17) 21,6%, ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ Œ‚ÚÔ˘ (18) 16,8% Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÌÔ‡ ∆ÚÈÎ¿ÏˆÓ 48,5%. ¢È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ¤ÙÛÈ, fiÙÈ ÚÈÓ ÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ ıËÏ·ÛÌÔ‡ ¤Ó· Ôχ ÌÈÎÚfi ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ¢ڇÙÂÚ˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∞ıËÓÒÓ ÙÚ¤ÊÂÙ·È Ì ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi ıËÏ·ÛÌfi Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ÙËÓ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ fiÔ˘ ÌfiÏȘ ÙÔÓ 3Ô Ì‹Ó· Û ¡›Î·È· / ∫ÔÚ˘‰·ÏÏfi ‰ËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ 85,6%.

O ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3 ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ̤ÛÔ˘˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙȘ Ù˘ÈΤ˜ ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜, Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜, ¢ª™ Î·È ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ı‹Ï·Û·Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Î·È ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ¤·ÈÚÓ·Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï·. ∏ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËÙfiÙËÙ·˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ 3Ô Ì‹Ó· Ù· ıËÏ¿˙ÔÓÙ· ‚Ú¤ÊË Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈο ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÂÓÒ ÛÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 12 ÌËÓÒÓ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο (p<0,05). ∆Ô Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ıËÏ·˙fiÓÙˆÓ ‚ÚÂÊÒÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈο ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤¯ÚÈ Î·È ÙÔÓ 2Ô Ì‹Ó· (p<0,05) ÂÓÒ ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ˘fiÏÔÈÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ, ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Î·È ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï·. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ 3Ô Ì‹Ó· Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ¢ª™ Î·È ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ (p<0,05) ÂÓÒ ÙÔÓ 12Ô Ì‹Ó· Ô ¢ª™ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· Â›Ó·È Û˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈο ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ (p<0,05).

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·395

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. µ¿ÚÔ˜, ª‹ÎÔ˜ (⁄„Ô˜), ¢ª™ & ¶ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Î·È ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜). ™ˆÌ·ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈο ªÂÁ¤ıË ¶·È‰ÈÒÓ Î·È ªÂÙ·‚ÏËÙfiÙËÙ· ∏ÏÈΛ· º‡ÏÔ (Ì‹Ó˜)

0

1

2

3

6

9

12

18

24

30

36

42

48

54

60

66

72

n

µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÚÈ·) ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜ (∆˘. ∞fiÎÏÈÛË)

CV

ª‹ÎÔ˜ ¢ª™ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿) ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜ CV ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜ (∆˘. ∞fiÎÏÈÛË) (∆˘. ∞fiÎÏÈÛË) -

CV

-

¶ÂÚ›Ì. ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿) ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜ (∆˘. ∞fiÎÏÈÛË)

CV

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

469

3471(531,5)

15,3

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

436

3282(480,7)

14,6

-

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

588

4417 (639,7)

14,5

54,6 (2,65)

4,8

14,74 (1,57)

11

37,9 (2,25)

5,9

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

555

4106 (542,0)

13,2

53,5 (2,57)

4,8

14,42 (1,90)

13

37,0 (2,25)

6

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

473

5443 (719,7)

13,2

58,0 (2,93)

5

16,22 (2,21)

14

39,7 (1,64)

4,1

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

463

4962 (612,6)

12,3

56,8 (2,45)

4,3

15,39 (1,49)

38,6 (1,18)

3

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

423

6300 (703,1)

11,1

61,2 (2,54)

4,2

16,80 (1,70)

41,1 (1,69)

4,1

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

421

5738 (671,0)

11,7

59,7 (2,32)

3,9

16,10 (1,52)

39,9 (1,35)

3,4

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

301

7990 (909,3)

11,4

68,0 (3,30)

4,8

17,35 (1,95)

11

43,9 (2,25)

5,1

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

304

7490 (836,3)

11,2

66,2 (2,83)

4,3

17,13 (1,76)

10

42,8 (1,83)

4,2

9,7 10 9,4

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

233

9246 (971,5)

10,5

72,8 (3,20)

4,4

17,46 (1,77)

10

46,2 (4,07)

8,8

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

225

8712 (930,9)

10,7

70,9 (2,88)

4,1

17,34 (1,94)

11

44,8 (1,73)

3,8

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

215

10200 (1183,9)

11,6

76,8 (3,33)

4,3

17,35 (1,86)

11

47,1 (2,46)

5,2

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

195

9660 (1098,4)

11,4

75,0 (3,18)

4,2

17,18 (1,69)

9,8

46,0 (1,43)

3,1

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

116

11790 (1183,8)

10

83,6 (3,05)

3,6

16,85 (1,48)

8,8

48,6 (1,31)

2,7

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

123

11254 (1311,9)

11,7

82,3 (3,33)

4

16,6 (1,76)

47,4 (1,25)

2,6

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

102

13067 (1574,0)

12

89,6 (2,72)

3

16,21 (1,44)

8,9

49,7 (1,96)

3,9

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

108

12775 (1605,9)

12,6

88,6 (2,97)

3,4

16,26 (1,54)

9,5

48,7 (1,70)

3,5

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

76

14372 (1686,9)

11,7

95,0 (3,08)

3,2

15,87 (1,30)

8,2

50,0 (1,33)

2,7

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

84

14132 (1957,6)

13,8

93,8 (3,52)

3,7

16,05 (1,68)

49,7 (3,34)

6,7

11

11

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

70

15650 (2187,8)

14

99,4 (3,92)

3,9

15,79 (1,55)

50,4 (1,41)

2,8

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

77

15264 (2530,9)

16,6

98,2 (4,38)

4,5

15,76 (1,82)

12

9,8

49,7 (1,26)

2,5

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

61

16714 (2504,9)

15

103,2 (3,57)

3,5

15,63 (1,66)

11

50,9 (1,31)

2,6

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

62

16166 (2241,0)

13,9

102,2 (4,23)

4,1

15,42 (1,53)

50,0 (1,26)

2,5

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

54

17880 (2902,4)

16,2

106,8 (3,96)

3,7

15,60 (1,82)

12

51,4 (1,26)

2,5

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

55

17336 (2584,8)

14,9

105,5 (4,02)

3,8

15,51 (1,76)

11

50,5 (1,24)

2,5

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

53

18990 (3288,1)

17,3

110,4 (4,55)

4,1

15,48(1,83)

12

51,7 (1,35)

2,6

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

49

18549 (2920,8)

15,7

109,4 (4,30)

3,9

15,42 (1,71)

11

50,8 (1,31)

2,6

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

49

20035 (3429,0)

17,1

113,5 (4,11)

3,6

15,48 (1,86)

12

52,0 (1,46)

2,8

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

48

19516 (3072,8)

15,7

113,0 (4,84)

4,3

15,21 (1,70)

11

51,1 (1,26)

2,5

9,9

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

45

21083 (3919,1)

18,6

116,6 (4,40)

3,8

15,42 (2,10)

14

52,2 (1,47)

2,8

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

42

21147 (3766,5)

17,8

116,0 (5,00)

4,3

15,62 (2,02)

13

51,4 (1,41)

2,7

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

48

22789 (4848,4)

21,3

120,3 (4,50)

3,7

15,66 (2,60)

17

52,5 (1,51)

2,8

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

45

22224 (4001,9)

18

119,3 (5,17)

4,3

15,50 (1,96)

13

51,7 (1,34)

2,6

395

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·396

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2.1. ª¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÔÛÔÛÙ¿ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Î·È ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ·fi ÙÔÓ 1Ô ¤ˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ 12Ô Ì‹Ó·. ∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

™‡ÓÔÏÔ ·È‰ÈÒÓ (ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹ Û˘ÓËıÂÈÒÓ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜)

∞ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ªËÙÚÈÎfi˜ £ËÏ·ÛÌfi˜

∞ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο •¤ÓÔ Á¿Ï·

™‡ÓÔÏÔ

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

1Ô˜

1150 *

464 (40,3)

141 (12,3)

605 (52,6)

2Ô˜

962

462 (48,0)

406 (42,2)

868 (92,2)

3Ô˜

873

184 (21,0)

524 (60,0)

708 (81,09)

6Ô˜

627

57 (9,1)

499 (79,5)

555 (88,5)

9Ô˜

462

17 (3,7)

416 (90,04)

433 (93,7)

12Ô˜

418

7 (1,7)

407 (97,4)

414 (99,1)

* H ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ·fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ˘fi ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Â›Ó·È Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ‰È·ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ÌÈÎÙ¿ (ÌËÙÚÈÎfi+ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï·)

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2.2. ª¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÔÛÔÛÙ¿ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Î·È ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ù¯ÓËÙ‹ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ 1Ô˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ¤Ú¢Ó˜ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜. ∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

∫Ú‹ÙË (1987-89) ∞ÔÎÏ. £ËÏ·ÛÌfi˜

¡. Œ‚ÚÔ˘ (1979-83)

¡. ∆ÚÈÎ¿ÏˆÓ (1980-81)

∞ı‹Ó· & ∂·Ú¯›· (1980)

¡›Î·È· & ∫ÔÚ˘‰·ÏÏfi˜ (1978-79)

∆¯ÓËÙ‹ ∞ÔÎÏ. ∞ÔÎÏ. ∆¯ÓËÙ‹ ∞ÔÎÏ. ∞ÔÎÏ. ¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ £ËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ £ËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ ¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ £ËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ £ËÏ·ÛÌfi˜

∆¯ÓËÙ‹ ¢È·ÙÚÔÊ‹

n (%) 10ËÌ - 1Ô˜

273 * (67,9)

129 (32,1)

384 (33,9)

422 (80,2)

39 (7,4)

448 (27,0)

25 (32,9)

37 (45.7)

2Ô˜

149 (37,1)

211 (52,5)

282 (24,9)

344 (65,4)

136 (25,9)

265 (16,0)

39 (17,2)

145 (63.8)

3Ô˜

87 (21,6)

274 (68,2)

192 (16,8)

255 (48,5)

223 (42,4)

149 (9,0)

11 (9,3)

101 (85.6)

6Ô˜

26 (6,5)

355 (88,3)

34 (6,5)

420 (79,9)

15 (2,8)

430 (81,8)

>6Ô

* ¶ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù· ‚Ú¤ÊË Ô˘ ı‹Ï·Û·Ó fiÏÔ ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ Ì‹Ó·

396

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·397

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3. ™˘ÁÎÚ›ÛÂȘ µ¿ÚÔ˘˜, ª‹ÎÔ˘˜, ¢ª™ & ¶ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Î·È ÂÎÂ›ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ·fi ÙÔÓ 1Ô ¤ˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ 12Ô Ì‹Ó·. ∞ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ÌËÙÚÈÎfi˜ ıËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ ∞ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· HÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

n

µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÁÚ·ÌÌ.)

ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙ.)

¢ª™

¶ÂÚ. ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ n (ÂηÙ.)

ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜ (∆˘È΋ ∞fiÎÏÈÛË)

µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÁÚ·ÌÌ.)

ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙ.)

ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜

¢ª™ ¶ÂÚ. ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ (ÂηÙ.) (∆˘È΋ ∞fiÎÏÈÛË)

1Ô˜

464

4425 *** (562,7)

54,5 *** (2,31)

14,9 *** (1,55)

37,8 *** (2,04)

141

4084 *** (623,6)

2Ô˜

462

5299 *** (664,2)

57,7 * (2,59)

15,96 * (1,94)

39,3 * (1,29)

406

5124 *** (746,7)

57,3* (2,93)

15,63 * (1,86)

39,1 * (1,77)

3Ô˜

184

6127 * (691,9)

60,7 (2,29)

16,66 (1,71)

40,7 (1,25)

524

5987 * (776,4)

60,5 (2,69)

16,36 * (1,61)

40,4 * (1,59)

6Ô˜

57

7668 (841,6)

66,5 (2,33)

17,35 (1,76)

43,2 (1,54)

499

7751 (911,5)

67,3 (3,29)

17,21 (1,89)

43,3 (2,83)

9Ô˜

17

9036 (876,8)

71,1 (2,61)

17,78 (1,83)

45,1 (1,63)

419

8996 (1004,7)

71,9 (3,24)

17,38 (1,88)

45,6 (3,37)

12Ô˜

7

9061 * (939,5)

75,4 (2,03)

15,91 * (1,11)

46,7 (1,48)

407

9952 * (1173,1)

75,9 (3,39)

17,29 * (1,78)

46,6 (2,11)

* p – value < 0,05

** p – value < 0,01

53,6 *** 14,14 *** 37,0 *** (2,85) (1,27) (1,51)

*** p – value < 0,001

™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ∏ ÛËÌ·Û›· Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ·˘Ù‹˜, Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ·, Â›Ó·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÁÈ·Ù› ‰›ÓÂÈ Ì ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ Û ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙËÓ È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÎÚ›ÛÈÌË ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘. ∆· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·˘Ù¿ ı· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔȯ›· ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ÎÚÈıÔ‡Ó ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÚ›· ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ·. ∆Ô ÂÚÒÙËÌ· fï˜ Â›Ó·È ·Ó ÔÈ Î·Ì‡Ï˜ ·Ó·Ù‡Í˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ó· Â›Ó·È ¯Ú‹ÛÈ̘ Û ÂıÓÈÎfi Â›‰Ô. ∏ ηٷÏÏËÏfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Û ÂıÓÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ·fi ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ·ÍÈÔÈÛÙ›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ‡Û· ÂÚÁ·Û›· ÂÈϤ¯ıËΠ‰Â›ÁÌ· Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆ‡ÂÈ Û ·fiÏ˘ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi (ÁˆÁÚ·ÊÈο) Ô‡ÙÂ Î·Ó ÙÔÓ ÏËı˘ÛÌfi Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ∏ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ fï˜ ÙÔ˘ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ۯ‰fiÓ Ù˘ ·ÔÁÚ·ÊÈ΋˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ Ì ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ¤Á΢ˆÓ ÌËÙ¤ÚˆÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁ¤ÓÓËÙˆÓ, ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÙÚÂȘ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÓÔÌÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È ÙÔ ÌÈÎÚfi ÛÙ·ıÂÚfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÙˆÓ 71 ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ›¯·Ó Û˘Ó¯‹ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙˆÓ 6 ÂÙÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ‰È¤ÊÂÚ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ·fi ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙˆÓ 1200 ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·È‰ÈÒÓ, ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ fiÙÈ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ıˆÚËı› ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆ¢ÙÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· ÁÈ· fiÏË ÙËÓ ∫Ú‹ÙË.

™‡ÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ¿ÏÏË ¤Ú¢ӷ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ·ÓÙÈÚÔÛˆ¢ÙÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ (10) Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ (6-12 ÂÙÒÓ) ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ fiÙÈ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 6 ÂÙÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Î·È ‡„Ô˜ ‹ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ·Ú¿ ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ ¢ª™ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÚÈÙÛÈÒÓ (p<0,05) ·Ú¿ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ·Ó¿ÛÙËÌ· ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠÁÈ· Ù· ·È‰È¿ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û ‡ÙÈ· ı¤ÛË, ÂÓÒ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ÚÒÙ˘ ‰ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ˆ˜ ‡„Ô˜ Û fiÚıÈ· ı¤ÛË. ™ÙÔ ÓÔÌfi Ù˘ ºÏÒÚÈÓ·˜, Û ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÚÁ·Û›· (6), ÔÈ Ì¤ÛÔÈ fiÚÔÈ ÁÈ· ‚¿ÚÔ˜, Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Î·È ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÛÙÔ 1Ô ¤ÙÔ˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ·fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Î·È ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ 2Ô Î·È 12Ô Ì‹Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ̤ÛÔ˘˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ ÁÈ· ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· ÛÙË ∫Ú‹ÙË Î·È ºÏÒÚÈÓ· (‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· 3,5 Î·È 3,3 kg ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·, ÂÓÒ Ë Ì¤ÁÈÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ fiÚˆÓ ÛÙÔ 2Ô Î·È 12Ô Ì‹Ó· ÚÔÛÂÁÁ›˙ÂÈ Ù· 500 g). ∆Ô Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÛÙÔ 2Ô Î·È 12Ô Ì‹Ó· Â›Ó·È Ï›ÁÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ (Ë ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ fiÚˆÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ·fi 0,8 ¤ˆ˜ 3,8 cm). ∏ ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Ù¤ÏÔ˜, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ›‰È· Â›‰· ÙÈÌÒÓ ÙˆÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ fiÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· (Ë ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Ì¤ÛˆÓ fiÚˆÓ ÛÙÔ 2Ô Î·È 12Ô Ì‹Ó· Î˘Ì·›ÓÂÙ·È ÌfiÏȘ 0,3 ¤ˆ˜ 0,7 cm).

397

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·398

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 4. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ 10Ë & 90Ë µ¿ÚÔ˘˜ & ª‹ÎÔ˘˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ (8) ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ¤ˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔ 6Ô ¤ÙÔ˜. ¶·È‰È¿ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ (1988-95) ∏ÏÈΛ·

∞ÁfiÚÈ· µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÎÈÏ¿) – ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

¶·È‰È¿ ∏¶∞ (1966-74)

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÎÈÏ¿) – ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

∞ÁfiÚÈ· µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÎÈÏ¿) – ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÎÈÏ¿) – ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

10%

90%

10%

90%

10%

90%

10%

90%

°¤ÓÓËÛË

2,8 -

4,1 -

2,7 -

3,84 -

2,86 -

4,13 -

2,81 -

3,9 -

1Ô˜ Ì‹Ó·˜

3,6 51,5

5,2 58

3,4 50,5

4,76 56,2

3,8 50,4

5,2 55,5

3,3 50,4

5,0 55,0

6Ô˜ Ì‹Ó·˜

6,9 64,5

9,1 71,5

6,4 63,0

8,6 70,0

6,7 63,9

8,7 69,3

6,4 62,5

8,4 67,8

1Ô ¤ÙÔ˜

8,9 72,6

11,6 81,0

8,2 71,3

11,0 79,2

8,9 72,4

11,5 78,1

8,4 70,6

11,2 77,1

2Ô ¤ÙÔ˜

11,3 86,0

15,3 93,1

10,8 84,5

14,9 93,0

11,2 84,2

14,5 91,1

10,7 82,0

14,4 91,0

3Ô ¤ÙÔ˜

13,5 94,8

19,5 104,8

12,4 93

18,0 105,0

13,0 92,3

16,69 100,5

12,52 90,5

16,9 101,1

4Ô ¤ÙÔ˜

15 102

21,5 113

14,3 100

20,7 112

14,6 99,3

18,8 108,5

14,2 97,6

19,7 109,6

5Ô ¤ÙÔ˜

17 109

26,5 118

15,7 106

23,5 119,1

16,1 103,7

21,2 114,7

15,8 110,6

22,3 115,4

6Ô ¤ÙÔ˜

17,9 114

30,2 126

17 112,2

28,2 126

18,5 111,2

25,6 123,5

17,9 110,6

24,6 122,3

∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ·fi ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË ¤Ú¢ӷ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∞ı‹Ó·˜ (4) ÛÙËÓ ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ÙÔ˘ 1980 ÔÈ 10Ë, 50Ë Î·È 90Ë ∂.£. ‹Ù·Ó 2,9, 3,5 Î·È 4,0 kg ÁÈ· ·ÁfiÚÈ· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·, ÂÓÒ ÁÈ· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· 2,8, 3,3 Î·È 3,9 kg ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ¢ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Î·È ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô ʇϷ. ∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·fi Ù· ∂ıÓÈο ¶ÚfiÙ˘· ∞Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ (∂¶∞) (12) Û ·ÓÂÏÏ·‰ÈÎfi ‰Â›ÁÌ· ·È‰ÈÒÓ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 6 ¤ˆ˜ 18 ÂÙÒÓ ÙÔ 1981 (27000 ·È‰È¿), ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ Ë 50Ë ∂.£. ÁÈ· Ù· ·È‰È¿ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 6 ÂÙÒÓ Ù· ·ÁfiÚÈ· ›¯·Ó ‚¿ÚÔ˜ 22,0 kg Î·È Ù· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· 21,5 kg ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ‹Ù·Ó 21,5 kg Î·È ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô ʇϷ. ∏ 50Ë ∂.£. ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ∂¶∞ ¤¯ÂÈ ‡„Ô˜ 117,0 cm ÂÓÒ Ù· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· 116,5 cm. ∆Ô Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È 119,5 cm Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÔÚÈÙÛÈÒÓ 120,0 cm, ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ô˘ ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È ÂÓ Ì¤ÚÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ Ì¤ÙÚËÛ˘ Î·È ÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô.

398

º·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‡„Ô˘˜ ÙˆÓ ∂ÏÏ‹ÓˆÓ fiˆ˜ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ 1920 Î·È 1928 ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ §·Ì·‰¿ÚÈÔ Î·È ∂Í·Ú¯fiÔ˘ÏÔ (1). ∏ ̤ÛË ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ 1920 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 1995 ˘ÔÏÔÁ›ÛÙËΠ۠9 cm ÁÈ· Ù· ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È 7 cm ÁÈ· Ù· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·. ™ÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 5 ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ Ì¤Û˜ ÙÈ̤˜ Î·È ÔÈ Ù˘ÈΤ˜ ·ÔÎÏ›ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ (̤ÙÚËÛË 1984) ÁÈ· ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ (14) Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ٷ ·È‰È¿ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ËÏÈ˘ ÙˆÓ 2-6 ¯ÚÔÓÒÓ. ∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Â›Ó·È Û¯ÂÙÈο ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ·fi ÂΛÓÔ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢. ªÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜, ‡„Ô˘˜ Î·È ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ (11) ËÏÈΛ·˜ 3-6 ÂÙÒÓ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 6 fiÔ˘ fï˜, ÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠÂ›Û˘ Û fiÚıÈ· ı¤ÛË. ∆· ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ï›ÁÔ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ÁÈ· ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ηÈ

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·399

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 5. ™‡ÁÎÚÈÛË ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 24-72 ÌËÓÒÓ (2-6 ÂÙÒÓ) ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Ì ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ (10). ¶·È‰È¿ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ ¶·È‰È¿ ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ∞ÁfiÚÈ· ∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

ª¤ÛÔ˜ fiÚÔ˜ (∆˘È΋ ·fiÎÏÈÛË)

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

ª¤ÛÔ˜ fiÚÔ˜ (∆˘È΋ ·fiÎÏÈÛË)

24

12,9 (1,67)

11,9 (1,95)

13,1 (1,57)

12,8 (1,6)

30

13,8 (1,94)

13,5 (1,37)

14,4 (1,69)

14,1 (1,95)

36

14,9 (1,94)

14.8 (2,1)

15,7 (2,19)

15,3 (2,53)

42

16,2 (1,88)

16 (1,79)

16,7 (2,5)

16,2 (2,24)

48

16,7 (2,37)

16,7 (2,4)

17,9 (2,9)

17,3 (2,59)

54

17,9 (2,99)

18 (2,41)

19 (3,29)

18,5 (2,92)

60

19 (2,63)

18,9 (2,69)

20 (3,43)

19,5 (3,07)

66

21,6 (2,91)

20 (3,16)

21 (3,91)

21,1 (3,76)

72

22,4 (2,9)

22,1 (3,07)

22,8 (4,85)

22,2 (4,01)

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 6. ™‡ÁÎÚÈÛË µ¿ÚÔ˘˜, ⁄„Ô˘˜ (Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜) Î·È ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 3-6 ÂÙÒÓ ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Î·È ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ (11). ¶·È‰È¿ ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜

¶·È‰È¿ ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

∞ÁfiÚÈ·

∏ÏÈΛ·

µ¿ÚÔ˜

⁄„Ô˜ *

¶ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜

µ¿ÚÔ˜

⁄„Ô˜ *

¶ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜

µ¿ÚÔ˜

(¤ÙË)

(kg)

(cm)

(cm)

(kg)

(cm)

(cm)

(kg)

ª‹ÎÔ˜ ¶ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ µ¿ÚÔ˜ ª‹ÎÔ˜ ¶ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ * ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ * ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ (cm)

ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜ 3 4 5 6

16,1 18,1 20,5 23,5

101 108 114 122

50,5 51,2 51,3 52

16 17,9 20,3 23

∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·

(cm)

(kg) (cm)

(cm)

ª¤ÛÔ˜ ŸÚÔ˜ 99,6 106 113 119

49,5 50,4 50,8 51,3

15,7 17,9 20 22,8

99,4 106,8 113,5 120,3

50,4 51,4 52 52,5

15,3 98,2 17,3 105,5 19,5 113 22,2 119,3

49,7 50,5 51,1 51,7

* ∏ ̤ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ

399

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·400

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

‡„Ô˜ Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ٷ ·È‰È¿ ÙȘ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ ÂÎÙfi˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Ô˘ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Û¯Â‰fiÓ Ï›ÁÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜. ∆· ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ ›¯·Ó ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ Î·È Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ٷ ∂¶∞ ·Ú¿ ÙÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ Ï›ÁˆÓ ÂÙÒÓ (∂¶∞ ÙÔ 1981, ªÂϤÙË ∫ÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ ÙÔ 1988). ∞fi ·ÚfiÌÔÈ·˜ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ÌÂϤÙË ÙÔ˘ ∞˚‚¿˙Ë (2) ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢, ÛÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ· Ô˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ·È‰È¿ ·fi 0 ¤ˆ˜ 30 ÌËÓÒÓ, ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ù· ·ÁfiÚÈ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔÓ 3Ô Ì‹Ó· Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ ·ÁfiÚÈ· Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘, ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ·fi 6 ¤ˆ˜ 24 ÌËÓÒÓ Î·È ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ¿Óˆ ÙˆÓ 30 ÌËÓÒÓ. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, Ù· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ 1Ô ¤ˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔÓ 24Ô Ì‹Ó· Î·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ¿Óˆ ÙÔ˘ 24Ô˘. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Û˘ÁÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓ˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜. O ¢ª™ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ËÏÈ˘ ÙÔ˘ 1Ô˘ Ì 18Ô˘ Ì‹Ó· Î·È ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ˜ ¿Óˆ ÙÔ˘ 24Ô˘. ∆ÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È ¿ÓÙˆ˜ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·Ú·¿Óˆ Û˘ÁÎÚ›ÛÂȘ fiÙÈ Ë ÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ∞˚‚¿˙Ë ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ‰È·Ì¤ÓÔ˘Ó Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Û ·ÛÙÈÎfi ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·È Î·Ù¿ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ‰ÂÓ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‰Â›ÁÌ· ·È‰È¿ ·fi ·ÁÚÔÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ËÌÈ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ∂Ô̤ӈ˜, ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÓÔ˘Ì fiÙÈ Ë ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ·fi ÙË ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· ÔÚ›· ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÛÙȘ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜. ∆Ô ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ Î·È ÎÔÚÈÙÛÈÒÓ ÛÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· Û˘ÁÎÚÈı› Ì ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ Î·È ÎÔÚÈÙÛÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ - ‰ÂηÂÙ›· 1970 (5). ∏ 10Ë, 50Ë Î·È 90Ë ∂.£. ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Â›Ó·È 2,8, 3,5 Î·È 4,1 kg ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÂÓÒ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ 2,5, 3,3 Î·È 4,1 kg. °È· Ù· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ÛÙË 10Ë, 50Ë Î·È 90Ë ∂.£. ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· Â›Ó·È 2,7, 3,3 Î·È 3,8 kg Î·È ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ 2,4, 3,2 Î·È 3,8 kg. °ÂÓÈο, ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂÏ·ÊÚÒ˜ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË ı¤ÛË. ∆ÔÓ 1Ô, 2Ô Î·È 3Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ë 50Ë ∂.£. ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Â›Ó·È 10,2, 12,9 Î·È 15 kgr ÂÓÒ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ 10,1, 12,6 Î·È 14,7 kg Î·È ÛÙ· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ Â›Ó·È 9,7, 12,8 Î·È 15 kg ÂÓÒ Û ·˘Ù¿ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ Â›Ó·È 9,5, 11,9 Î·È 13,9 kg ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ™ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÔÈ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ˜ ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ô˘ÛÈÒ‰ÂȘ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜. ∞fi ÌÂϤÙË ¿ÏÈ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ ÙÔ 1968-70 (8) Ë 10Ë & 90Ë ∂.£. ÁÈ· ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Î·È Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ¤ˆ˜ ÙÔ 6Ô ¤ÙÔ˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ¶›Ó·Î· 4. ∞ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ ηٿ ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË Â›¯·Ó

400

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ηıÒ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙÔ˘ 2Ô˘ Î·È 3Ô˘ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˘ Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ٷ ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Î·È ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô ʇϷ ÛÙȘ ∏¶∞ ¤¯ÂÈ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ÛÙȘ 10Ë Î·È 90Ë ∂.£. ηıfiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì· Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˜ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¢ª™ ÛÙȘ ∏¶∞ (13) ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ·È‰È¿ η˘Î¿ÛÈ·˜ Ê˘Ï‹˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ï›ÁÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ¢ª™ ÛÙȘ ËÏÈ˘ ÙˆÓ 5 Î·È 6 ÂÙÒÓ ·fi ·È‰È¿ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ∫Ú‹Ù˘. ∏ ̤ÛË ÙÈÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¢ª™ ÛÙȘ ËÏÈ˘ 5 Î·È 6 ¯ÚÔÓÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÔÚÈÒÓ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ ·Ó¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È Û 15,8 Î·È 16 ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· Î·È ÙˆÓ ÎÔÚÈÙÛÈÒÓ 15,6 Î·È 15,9 kg/m2. ∆· ·ÁfiÚÈ· Ù˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ̤ÛË ÙÈÌ‹ ¢ª™ ÛÙ· 5 Î·È 6 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· 15,5 Î·È 15,6 ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÂÓÒ Ù· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· 15,2 Î·È 15,5 kg/m2 . Ÿˆ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÈÛÙˆı› Î·È ·fi ¿ÏϘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ÌËÙÚÈÎfi˜ ıËÏ·ÛÌfi˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ Â˘ÓÔ˚΋ Â›‰Ú·ÛË ÛÙË ÛˆÌ·ÙÈ΋ Î·È „˘¯ÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ (22,23). ™ÙË ·ÚÔ‡Û· ÌÂϤÙË ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÌÔÓԉȿÛٷٷ Ë ÛˆÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Ë ÔÔ›· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ·'·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ·›ÚÓÔ˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜ Ù˘ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ‹Ú·Ó ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ˘ÂÚ¤¯ÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ·˘Ùfi Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈΤ˜ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ Î·È Ó· Úԉȷı¤ÙÂÈ Û ·¯˘Û·ÚΛ· ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÊË‚È΋ Î·È ÂÓ‹ÏÈÎÔ ˙ˆ‹. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, ÔÈ ÌËÙ¤Ú˜ Ô˘ ıËÏ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÂΛӘ Ô˘ ÙÚ¤ÊÔ˘Ó Ù· ·È‰È¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο ͤÓÔ Á¿Ï· ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ˘ÂÚ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ Â·Ú¯›· (19) ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ fiÏÂˆÓ Î·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ·ÚÈıÌËÙÈο ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ıËÏ·ÛÌÔ‡. ¶·Ú¿ ÙȘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ Ù˘ ·ÚÔ‡Û·˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÚԤ΢„·Ó ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·È‰È¿ÙÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Î·È ·fi ÙÔ ÀÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô ÀÁ›·˜ ÛÙÔ ‚È‚ÏÈ¿ÚÈÔ ˘Á›·˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ. OÈ Î·Ì‡Ï˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÛÙÔ ‚È‚ÏÈ¿ÚÈÔ ˘Á›·˜ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ (‰ÂÓ ·Ó·ÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ËÁ‹), ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ·, ‰ÂÓ ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi Ù· ∂¶∞ ÙÔ˘ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÀÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÁÈ·Ù› Ë ÌÂϤÙË ·˘Ù‹ ÂÚÈÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ·È‰È¿ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ (12). ∂›Û˘, Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ·˘Ù¿ ı· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÔ˘Ó ËÁ‹ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈ΋ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ fiˆ˜ ÌÔÚԇ̠ӷ οÓÔ˘Ì ۋÌÂÚ· Ì ٷ ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙˆÓ §·Ì·‰¿ÚÈÔ˘ Î·È ∂Í·Ú¯fiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ Ô˘ Û˘ÏϤÁËÛ·Ó ÙÔ 1920 Î·È 1926. ∆· ÛÙÔȯ›· ·˘Ù¿ Â›Ó·È È‰È·ÈÙ¤Úˆ˜ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˘ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ‰Â‰Ô̤Ó˘ Ù˘ Ù¿Û˘ Û˘Ó¯ԇ˜ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÔÛÔÛÙÒÓ ·¯˘Û·ÚΛ·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ¯ÚfiÓÈˆÓ ÓÔÛËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙȘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ÛÙË ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜.

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·401

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÎÈÏ¿)

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

™¯‹Ì· 1. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ηÌ‡Ï˜ µ¿ÚÔ˘˜ Û 45 - 588 ∞ÁfiÚÈ· ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û οı ËÏÈΛ· (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ & ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜).

401

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·402

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

SEPT-OCT.2000

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

™¯‹Ì· 2. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ª‹ÎÔ˘˜ Û 45 - 588 ∞ÁfiÚÈ· ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û οı ËÏÈΛ· (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ & ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜).

402

SEPT-OCT.2000

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14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·403

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

¢ª™

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

™¯‹Ì· 3. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ¢Â›ÎÙË ª¿˙·˜ ™ÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û 45 - 588 ∞ÁfiÚÈ· ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û οı ËÏÈΛ· (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ & ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜).

¶ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

™¯‹Ì· 4. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ¶ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Û 45 - 588 ∞ÁfiÚÈ· ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û οı ËÏÈΛ· (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ & ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜).

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

403

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·404

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

µ¿ÚÔ˜ (ÎÈÏ¿)

SEPT-OCT.2000

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

404

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·405

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

ª‹ÎÔ˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

™¯‹Ì· 6. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ª‹ÎÔ˘˜ Û 42 - 555 ∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û οı ËÏÈΛ· (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ & ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜).

405

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·406

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

ª. §ÈÓ·Ú‰¿Î˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

¢ª™

™¯‹Ì· 7. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ¢Â›ÎÙË ª¿˙·˜ ™ÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û 42 - 555 ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û οı ËÏÈΛ· (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ & ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜).

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

¶ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ∫ÂÊ·Ï‹˜ (ÂηÙÔÛÙ¿)

SEPT-OCT.2000

™¯‹Ì· 8. ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›Â˜ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ¶ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ Û 42 - 555 ∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ· ÚÔÛ¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ì ÌÂÙ·‚·ÏÏfiÌÂÓÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û οı ËÏÈΛ· (Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ & ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔÌ‹˜).

406

∏ÏÈΛ· (Ì‹Ó˜)

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·407

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:391-407

∫·Ì‡Ï˜ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 20-07-1999 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 25-07-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ∞ÓÙÒÓ˘ ∫·Ê¿ÙÔ˜, MD ¢È·ÛÙ·‡ÚˆÛË µÔ‡Ù˜ - ™Ù·˘Ú¿ÎÈ·, ∆.£. 1393, ∏Ú¿ÎÏÂÈÔ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ e-mail: kafatos@med.uoc.gr

407

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™ÂÏ›‰·408

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:408-411

™›ÙÈÛË ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· Î·È ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ∞ÓÙÒÓ˘ °Ô‡Ó·Ú˘, ¡›ÎË ∞ÏÂ͛Ԣ, ÃÚ‡Û· ¶ÂÙÚÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘, ∂˘·ÁÁÂÏ›· ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ¤ÏÏÔ˘, ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜ ∫ÒÛÙ·ÏÔ˜ ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ∏ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· (¶∞) ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡. ™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ì·˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÔ˘Ì ·Ó Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ ÛÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Î·È Û˘Á¯ÚfiÓˆ˜ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ. °È· ÙÔÓ ÛÎÔfi ·˘Ùfi Ù· Â›‰· 4 ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û 16 ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ̤ÙÚÈ· ‹ ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ¶∞ Ô˘ ¯ÚÂÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·Ó¿ÓË„Ë (ÔÌ¿‰· ∞). ø˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó 16 ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ¶∞ (ÔÌ¿‰· µ). ∆· Â›‰· ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û fiÏ· Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Û 3 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ: 1) ÛÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ 6 ÒÚ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜, 2) 24 ÒÚ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÂÓÒ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÎfiÌË ÓËÛÙÈο, 3) fiÙ·Ó ÛÈÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó ÌfiÓÔ Ì Á¿Ï·. ™Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ¶∞ Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ¿Ú¯È˙ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ë̤ڷ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È Ë ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈ΋ ·‡ÍËÛË ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ Ù˘ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋˜. ∆Ô ÂÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ‚ÚÈÛÎfiÙ·Ó Û ÛÙÂÓ‹ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÂÈÏÔÎÒÓ. ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó: 1) Ù· Â›‰· ÌÔÙÈÏ›Ó˘ ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ∞ ‹Ù·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÚÒÙ˜ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ (ƒ<0,05 Î·È P<0,01 ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·). 2) Ù· Â›‰· ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÁÂÈÔ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ ÂÙȉ›Ô˘ (VIP) ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ∞ (ƒ<0,05). 3) ‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙË Á·ÛÙÚ›ÓË Î·È Ó¢ÚÔÙÂÓÛ›ÓË Î·È ÛÙȘ 3 ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ. 4) T· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ¶∞ ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÙÈÎfi Ì ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËÎÂ. ™˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ¶∞ ÚÔηÏ› ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ ÛÙ· Â›‰· ÌÔÙÈÏ›Ó˘ Î·È VIP ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ë̤ڷ ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È ·˘Ùfi ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ·fi ÙȘ Èı·Ó¤˜ ·Èٛ˜ ÙˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡. ∏ ÚÔÛÂÎÙÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Ë̤ڷ ˙ˆ‹˜ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Áη›· Î·È ·ÛÊ·Ï‹˜ Û ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:408-411. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡, Û›ÙÈÛË ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ, ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·.

A. Gounaris, N. Alexiou, C. Petropoulou, E. Constantellou, C. Costalos. Feeding of neonates with perinatal asphyxia and disturbances of gut hormone levels. Paediatriki 2000;63:408-411. ● Abstract: Perinatal asphyxia (PA), by causing hypoxia and reduced perfusion of the neonatal gastrointestinal system, may affect intestinal function. The aim of our study was to examine whether functional disturbances which occur in cases of PA are due to changes in the blood levels of gut hormones.

For this purpose 4 gut hormone levels were measured in 16 fullterm infants with moderate or severe birth asphyxia who required resuscitation (group A). Control group (group B) consisted of 16 healthy fullterm infants without birth asphyxia. Gut hormone levels were measured on three occasions: 1) in the first six hours of life; 2) 24 hours after birth while infants were fasting; 3) after full enteral feedings were established.

Oral feeding was started in infants with perinatal asphyxia after the first day of life with gradual increase according to our Unit’ s protocol. Symptoms of the Gastrointestinal system were carefully monitored. The results of our study showed. 1) Motiline blood levels in neonates with PA were significantly higher on the first and second measurement (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). 2) VIP levels on the first measurement were statistically lower in group A (P<0.05). 3) There was no statistical difference between the two groups for gastrin and neurotensin levels in all three measurements. 4) Neonates with PA did not demonstrate any serious complications from the gastrointestinal system. To conclude, it seems that PA affects the blood levels of motiline and VIP on the first day of life and this may be one of the possible reasons for gut

ª∂¡ ¡ÂÔÁÓÒÓ Î·È EÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ EÓ‰ÔÎÚÈÓÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ¶°¡ ¡Èη›·˜

408

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·409

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:408-411

™›ÙÈÛË ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Î·È ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·

functional disturbances. Therefore careful progression of enteral feeding, after the first day of life is necessary and safe for these neonates.

Key words: gut hormones, feeding, perinatal asphyxia.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ∏ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·, ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ÈÛ¯·ÈÌ›·˜ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÚÔηÏ›, ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ Ù· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù· Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÂÓfi˜ ÓÂÔÁÓÔ‡. π‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ù· ÏÂÁfiÌÂÓ· ÌË Â˘ÁÂÓ‹ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È Î·È Ô Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎfi˜ ۈϋӷ˜. ™˘Ó‹ıˆ˜, Ë Â›‰Ú·ÛË Û ·˘ÙfiÓ Â›Ó·È ‹È·, ·ÏÏ¿ fiÙ·Ó Ë ÈÛ¯·ÈÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÙ› Ì ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Á¿Ï·ÙÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÔ‡Ó ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ fiˆ˜ ¤ÌÂÙÔÈ Î·È Û ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ, ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ¡∂∫ (1). ∆Ô ÂÌ‚Ú˘˚Îfi stress ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ (2,3). ∂›Û˘, Û ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ù˘ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ (4). ∆· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi ÁÈ· ÙÔ Ò˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÛÈÙÈÛÙ› ¤Ó· ÓÂÔÁÓfi Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·. ™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÚÒÙÔÓ, Ó· ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÔ˘Ì ·Ó Ë ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·, ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡, ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔÓ, ·Ó Ë ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÂÓfi˜ ÂȉÈÎÔ‡ ÚˆÙÔÎfiÏÏÔ˘ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ ı· ÂÏ·¯ÈÛÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ Î·È ı· Â›Ó·È ·ÛʷϤ˜. ª¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ∆Ô ˘ÏÈÎfi ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó 16 ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ô˘ ›¯·Ó ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÂÈ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· Î·È ¯ÚÂÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·Ó¿ÓË„Ë (ÔÌ¿‰· ∞). ø˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó 16 ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯·Ó ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·, ‰ÂÓ ¯ÚÂÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·Ó¿ÓË„Ë Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ·Ú¯Èο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ Ó· ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÂÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· (ÔÌ¿‰· µ). ™ÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ∞ Ë ‚·ıÌÔÏfiÁËÛË ∞pgar ÛÙÔ 1 ÏÂÙfi ‹Ù·Ó 3 (‰È¿ÌÂÛË ÙÈÌ‹ ·ÎÚ·›Â˜ 0-5 Î·È ÛÙÔ 5 ÏÂÙfi 6 ·ÎÚ·›Â˜ 3-9). ™ÙÔ˘˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ Ë ‚·ıÌÔÏfiÁËÛË ∞pgar ÛÙÔ 1 ÏÂÙfi ‹Ù·Ó 8 ‰È¿ÌÂÛË ÙÈÌ‹ (·ÎÚ·›Â˜ 8-9) Î·È ÛÙÔ 5 ÏÂÙfi 10 (·ÎÚ·›Â˜ 9-10). ™Â fiÏ· Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÌÔÙÈÏ›ÓË, Á·ÛÙÚ›ÓË, VIP (·ÁÁÂÈÔ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfi ÂÓÙÂÚÈÎfi ÂÙ›‰ÈÔ) Î·È Ó¢ÚÔÙÂÓÛ›ÓË ÛÙÔ ·›Ì· ÙÚÂȘ ÊÔÚ¤˜: 1) ™ÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ 6 ÒÚ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜, 2) ÌÂÙ¿ 24 ÒÚ˜ ÂÓÒ ‰ÂÓ ÛÈÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ· Î·È 3) fiÙ·Ó ÛÈÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó Ï‹Úˆ˜ Ì Á¿Ï·. ™ÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ∞ Ë Î·ı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ¤Ó·Ú͢ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ· Û›ÙÈÛ˘ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ ÂÓfi˜ ÚÔÛÂÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ÚˆÙÔÎfiÏÏÔ˘, fiÔ˘ Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ·˘Ù¿ ·Ú¤ÌÂÓ·Ó 24 ÒÚ˜ ÌfiÓÔ Ì ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹. ∆Ô 2Ô 24ˆÚÔ Ï¿Ì‚·Ó·Ó 5 ml/2ˆÚÔ Á¿Ï· ÌfiÓÔ, Û Ï‹ÚË ·Ú·›ˆÛË. ∆· ÂfiÌÂÓ· 24ˆÚ· ÙÔ Á¿Ï· ·˘Í·ÓfiÙ·Ó

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ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ηٿ 10 ml ÛÙÔ Á‡̷, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ó· ÛÈÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì Á¿Ï· ÙÔ 5Ô 24ˆÚÔ ˙ˆ‹˜ (‰È¿ÌÂÛË ÙÈÌ‹, ·ÎÚ·›Â˜ 3-9), ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÔ¯‹ ÛÙË Û›ÙÈÛË Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙·Ó. ∆Ô ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ ·˘Ùfi ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÙËΠ·fi ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ì·˜ Ì ‚¿ÛË ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ (5) Î·È ÓÂfiÙÂÚ˜ (6) Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ Ô˘ ıˆÚÔ‡Ó ÂȂ‚ÏË̤ÓË ÙËÓ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ηı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ¤Ó·Ú͢ Ù˘ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ Û ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ¶.∞. ™ÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ÙˆÓ Ì·ÚÙ‡ÚˆÓ, ‹È· Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· ·fi ÙÔ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎfi fiˆ˜ .¯. ·ÚÔ‰È΋ Ù·¯‡ÓÔÈ· ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ·ÈÙ›· Ù˘ ηı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛ˘ Ù˘ ¤Ó·Ú͢ Û›ÙÈÛ˘. OÈ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ ‰ÂÓ ÛÈÙ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ Î·È ÙÔ ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ Û›ÙÈÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌfiÛÙËΠÛÙË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯ÈÎÔ‡ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ™ÈÙ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì Á¿Ï· ÙÔ 4Ô 24ˆÚÔ ˙ˆ‹˜ (‰È¿ÌÂÛË ÙÈÌ‹, ·ÎÚ·›Â˜ 3-11). ∏ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙË Ì¤ÛË ÙÈÌ‹ Ù˘ Ë̤ڷ˜ fiÔ˘ Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ÛÈÙ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì Á¿Ï·, ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÔÌ¿‰Â˜.

OÈ Ï‹„ÂȘ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÙÂÛÛ¿ÚˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Û˘Á¯ÚfiÓˆ˜ Ì ÙȘ ·ÈÌÔÏË„›Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷ΋ ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ. ŸÙ·Ó ·˘Ù¿ ÛÈÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·Ó Ì Á¿Ï· Ë ·ÈÌÔÏË„›· ÁÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙÔ Á‡̷ ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÚˆÈÓ‹ ÒÚ·. ∏ ̤ÙÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ¤ÁÈÓ ÛÙÔ ÔÚÌÔÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶°¡ ¡Èη›·˜ Î·È ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ú·‰ÈÔ·ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ̤ıÔ‰ÔÈ (7). ∏ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ÙËÓ ‰ÔÎÈÌ·Û›· t-test ÁÈ· ·Ó¿Ï˘-

409

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·410

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:408-411

∞. °Ô‡Ó·Ú˘ Î·È Û˘Ó.

ÛË Î·Ù¿ ˙‡ÁË ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ 4 ÔÚÌfiÓ˜. ™Â fiÏ· Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Û·Ì ÛÙÂÓ¿ ÙË Û˘Ìو̷ÙÔÏÔÁ›· ·fi ÙÔ ÂÙÈÎfi Î·È Î·Ù·ÁÚ¿Ê·Ì ÙȘ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ (¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ÂÍfi‰Ô˘ ÌËÎˆÓ›Ô˘, Á·ÛÙÚÈÎfi ˘fiÏÂÈÌÌ·, ¤ÌÂÙÔÈ, ‰È¿ÚÚÔȘ, ‰È¿Ù·ÛË ÎÔÈÏ›·˜). ∞ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ∆· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î·. ªfiÓÔ 2 ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ‹Ș ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÙÈÎfi (¤ÌÂÙÔ˜) ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ 4 ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó Â›Û˘ ‹Ș ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ (2 ¤ÌÂÙÔ, 2 ‰È¿Ù·ÛË ÎÔÈÏ›·˜) Ô˘ Û fiÏ· ˘Ô¯ÒÚËÛ·Ó ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ·. ∞fi Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó Ù· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ: 1) Ù· Â›‰· ÌÔÙÈÏ›Ó˘ ÛÙ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· ‹Ù·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ 1Ë Î·È ÙË 2Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ (ƒ<0,05 Î·È ƒ<0,01 ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·) ÂÓÒ ÛÙË 3Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿. 2) ∆Ô VIP ÛÙËÓ 1Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ‹Ù·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÛÙ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· (ƒ<0,05) ÂÓÒ ÛÙȘ ¿ÏϘ ‰‡Ô ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿. 3) ∏ Á·ÛÙÚ›ÓË Î·È Ë Ó¢ÚÔÙÂÓÛ›ÓË ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜. 4) ∏ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ∞, Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô Û›ÙÈÛ˘ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËÎÂ, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚ˜ Î·È ‹Ș ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÙÈÎfi Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ì¿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ ÂÓÒ Î·Ó¤Ó· ÓÂÔÁÓfi ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ¡∂∫. ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ∂›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ Ë ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· Ó· ÛÈÙÈÛÙ› ¤Ó· ÓÂÔÁÓfi Ì ¶.∞. ¶Ôχ Û˘¯Ó¿ Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ·˘Ù¿ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·˘ÍË̤ӷ Ê·Ú˘ÁÁÈο ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏ·ÛÙÈο, Á·ÛÙÚÈÎfi ˘fiÏÂÈÌÌ· Î·È ‰È¿Ù·ÛË ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ ÂȉÈο ·Ó ÛÈÙÈÛÙÔ‡Ó Ì ÙËÓ ÔÛfiÙËÙ· Á¿Ï·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ¯ÔÚËÁԇ̠۠¤Ó· ÓÂÔÁÓfi Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ¶.∞. (4).

∏ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ú˘ıÌ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÔÏÏÔ‡˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜. ∆Ô ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ó¢ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·, ÙÔ ·˘ÙfiÓÔÌÔ Ó¢ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ·, ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi Ó¢ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘ Î·È ÔÈ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Ô˘ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÍÂÂÚÓÔ‡Ó ÙȘ 30(8), ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈΤ˜ ‰Ú¿ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ ÂÙÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÈÙ¢¯ı› Ë ÔÌ·Ï‹ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘. ∞fi fiϘ ÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙËÓ ¤ÚÂ˘Ó¿ Ì·˜ ÔÈ Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ, ηٿ ÚÒÙÔÓ ÁÈ· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ Ù¯ÓÈÎÔ‡˜, Î·È Î·Ù¿ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ÁÈ·Ù› ıˆÚԇ̠fiÙÈ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÂȉÚÔ‡Ó Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, Ë ÌÔÙÈÏ›ÓË ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘. ∏ Á·ÛÙÚ›ÓË Ú˘ıÌ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛË Á·ÛÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ÔͤԘ Î·È Â˘ÓÔ› ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘. ∏ Ó¢ÚÔÙÂÓÛ›ÓË ¤¯ÂÈ Î·È ·˘Ù‹ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ∆Ô VIP ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÁÁÂÈԉȷÛÙ·ÏÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Î·È ‰Ú· ˆ˜ Ó¢Úԉȷ‚È‚·ÛÙ‹˜ (9). Œ¯ÂÈ ‚ÚÂı› Û Ӥ· ÂÈÚ·Ì·Ùfi˙ˆ· fiÙÈ Ë ÈÛ¯·ÈÌ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘ ηıÈÛÙ¿ ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ¢·›ÛıËÙÔ ÙÔÓ ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È ‚Ï¿‚Ë (10). ™Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ·ÛÊ˘Í›· Ë ¤ÍÔ‰Ô˜ ÌËÎˆÓ›Ô˘ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ Ù·¯‡ÙÂÚ·, ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ Î·È ÂÓ‰ÔÌ‹ÙÚÈ·. ™Â ÌÂϤÙË Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Û ·˘Ù¿ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ· Â›‰· ÌÔÙÈÏ›Ó˘ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ̿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ (2). ∏ Berseth ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Û Ì ÂȉÈÎfi ηıÂÙ‹Ú· ÙËÓ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡. ™ÙËÓ ¤ÚÂ˘Ó¿ Ù˘ ÂȂ‚·›ˆÛ ÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ù˘ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ¶.∞. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ‰ÂÓ ‚ڋΠ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó (Á·ÛÙÚ›ÓË, Á·ÛÙÚÈÎfi ÂÙ›‰ÈÔ ·Ó·ÛÙÔÏ‹˜ - GIP, ·ÁÎÚ·ÙÈÎfi ÂÙ›‰ÈÔ) Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ̿ÚÙ˘Ú˜ (4). ∂ÊfiÛÔÓ Ë ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ ¶.∞. ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ·ÛÙ› ¡∂∫ (1) Ë Û›ÙÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ¶.∞. ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÚfiÎÏËÛË.

H Berseth ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ Û ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ¶.∞. Ó· ¯ÚË-

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. ∂›‰· ÙˆÓ ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡.

1Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÔÌ¿‰· ∞

ªÔÙÈÏ›ÓË VIP ¡Â˘ÚÔÙÂÓÛ›ÓË °·ÛÙÚ›ÓË ªÔÙÈÏ›ÓË VIP ¡Â˘ÚÔÙÂÓÛ›ÓË °·ÛÙÚ›ÓË

ÔÌ¿‰· µ

* ƒ < 0,05

410

** ƒ<0,01

***ƒ < 0,05

(pmol/l) (ng/dl) (ng/dl) (ng/dl) (pmol/l) (ng/dl) (ng/dl) (ng/dl)

56±21,1* 12,8±7,3*** 29±14,2 62,3±18,6 33,2±19,1* 21,2±12,5*** 29,1±13,6 55±9,9

2Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË 82,5±43,3** 15,7±11,2 30,1±9,5 57,2±19 31,1±20** 18,3±11,8 26,7±10,7 51,5±13,6

3Ë Ì¤ÙÚËÛË 70,6±27,5 14,6±8,3 51,6±31,5 79,5±25,1 60,3±25,9 17±12 36,5±20,9 77,5±17,9

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·411

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:408-411

ÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Ë Ì·ÓÔÌÂÙÚÈ΋ Ù¯ÓÈ΋ ÁÈ· Ó· ·ÔÊ·ÛÈÛÙ› Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛ˘ Ô˘ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıËı› Û ηı¤Ó· ·fi ·˘Ù¿ (4). ∏ Ù¯ÓÈ΋ ·˘Ù‹ fï˜, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‰È·‰Â‰Ô̤ÓË Î·È Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ÂÌÂÈÚ›·. H ̤ÙÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ ÔÚÈÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·fi ÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì ÙȘ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ Ú·ÎÙÈ΋ ·Í›· ÛÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ Ú¿ÍË ÒÛÙ Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· Â›‰· ·˘ÙÒÓ, Ó· ·ÔÊ·Û›˙ÂÙ·È Ë Û›ÙÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ¶.∞. ™ÙË ‰È΋ Ì·˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ, Ë Û›ÙÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ¶.∞. ·Ú¯›˙ÂÈ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ÙÔ ÙÚ›ÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ ˙ˆ‹˜, ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Û›ÙÈÛË Î·È ÙÔ 2Ô ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ 5 ml Á¿Ï·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó¿ 2ˆÚÔ (ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹). ∏ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÔÛfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ Á¿Ï·ÙÔ˜ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ·fi ÙÔ ÙÚ›ÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ Â›Ó·È ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈ΋ Î·È ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÓÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÔÁÓÔ‡ (‡·ÚÍË Á·ÛÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ˘ÔÏ›ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜, Â̤وÓ, ‰È¿Ù·ÛË ÎÔÈÏÈ¿˜). ∏ ·Ó¿·˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÁÈ· ‰‡Ô 24ˆÚ· Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ‹ ÁÈ· Ó· ·Ó¯ıÔ‡Ó Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ù˘ ¤ÚÂ˘Ó¿˜ Ì·˜ ÙË Û›ÙÈÛË ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜. ∞fi Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù¿ Ì·˜ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ù˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ÂÙÈÎfi ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Î·È Û ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ ÛÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏ› Ë ¶.∞. ∆· ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚ· Â›‰· ÌÔÙÈÏ›Ó˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙȉ›Ô˘ Ô˘ Âȉڿ ÛÙËÓ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ù· ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚ· Â›‰· VIP, Ô˘Û›·˜ Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ·ÁÁÂÈԉȷÛÙÔÏ‹ ÙÔÈο ÛÙÔ ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ, ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÔÓÙ·È Û Â›‰Ú·ÛË Ù˘ ¶.∞. Î·È Ó· Â›Ó·È ˘‡ı˘Ó· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜. ∆· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ·˘Ù¿, Ô˘ Û˘ÌʈÓÔ‡Ó Ì ¿ÏϘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ (2,3), Û˘ÓËÁfiÚËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ Ó· ÂÈÌ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛÂÎÙÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì ¶.∞. ÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ Ë̤Ú˜. ∆· Â›‰· Á·ÛÙÚ›Ó˘ Î·È Ó¢ÚÔÙÂÓÛ›Ó˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯·Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙȘ ‰‡Ô ÔÌ¿‰Â˜, ÂÓÒ ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙË Á·ÛÙÚ›ÓË, ›¯Â Î·È Ë Berseth ÛÙËÓ ¤ÚÂ˘Ó¿ Ù˘. ∏ ̤ÙÚËÛË ÙˆÓ 4 ÔÚÌÔÓÒÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Â‚‰ÔÌ¿‰· ‰ÂÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜, ÛÙÔÈ¯Â›Ô Ô˘ Û˘ÌʈÓÔ‡Û Ì ÙËÓ Î·Ï‹ ·ÓÔ¯‹ Ù˘ Ï‹„˘ Á¿Ï·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó fiÏ· Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ·. ™˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ¶.∞. ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÈ Î¿ÔȘ ·fi ÙȘ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÚÔÛÂÎÙÈ΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ÁÈ· Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÛÊ·Ï‹˜ Ë ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ.

™›ÙÈÛË ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Î·È ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·

µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Kliegman RM, Fanaroff AA. Necrotizing enterocolitis N Engl J Med 1984;310;1093-1103.

2. Lucas A, Christofides ND, Adrian TE, Bloom SR, Aynsley Green A. Fetal distress, mecomium and motilin. Lancet 1979; 718.

3. Ishitani N, Ohzeki I, Hanaki K, Motozumi H, Sunagushi M Shiraki K. Elevated venous concentrations of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide in cord blood of infants with fetal distress. Biol Neonate 1993;63;70-74.

4. Berseth CL, Mc Coy HH. Birth asphyxia alters neonatal intestinal motility in term neonates. Pediatrics 1992;90;669-673.

5. Brown G, Sweet Y. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis Pediatric Clinics of North America. October 1982: 29, 5, 1149-1170.

6. Berseth C, Abrams S. Necrotizing enterocolitis. In Taeusch W, Ballard R eds. Avery’s. Diseases of the Newborn. Philadelphia. Sawuders; 1998. p. 965-970.

7. Jaffe BM, Walsh JH. Gastrin and related peptides In: Jaffe BM, Behram HR editors. Methods of hormone radio immunoassay. New York: Academic Press; 1979. p. 455477.

8. Aynsley Green A, The endocrinology of feeding in the newborn. Bailierre’s Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;3:837-868.

9. Ottesen B. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as a neurotransmitter in female genital tract. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983;147;208-224.

10. Crissinger KD, Granger DN. Mucosal injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in the piglet intestine: Influences of age and feeding gastroenterology. 1983;97;920-926.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 09-03-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 25-07-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: A. °Ô‡Ó·Ú˘ ºÚ‡Ó˘ 5, 116 34 ∞ı‹Ó·

411

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·412

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:412-417

∞ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋˜ ·Ú¿Ï˘Û˘ ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜ ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜, ∞ıËÓ¿ ª·Ï¿Ûη, ª·Ú›· ∆˙ËÙËÚ›‰Ô˘, O˘Ú·Ó›· ∫ÔÙ˙·ÂÚ›‰Ô˘, ∂Ï›˙· ∫·Ú·Ù˙¿-•ÈÊÈÏ›‰Ô˘

● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ∏ ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË (µ∆Ã-∞) ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÂ›Ù·È Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÛÙË ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì Û·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋˜ ·Ú¿Ï˘Û˘ (∂¶). ∏ ıÂÚ·›· ·˘Ù‹ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Û ÂÈÏÂÁ̤Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ, ··ÈÙ› ÂÌÂÈÚ›· Î·È ˆ˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô ¤¯ÂÈ ÙË ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘ÓÛË Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›·˜. ™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ì·˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ͛Ӣ Ù‡Ô˘ ∞ ÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ Ì˘fi˜, ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÌÈ·˜ ·ÓÔȯً˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Û 12 ·È‰È¿ (8 ·ÁfiÚÈ· Î·È 4 ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·) Ì Û·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ ∂¶. OÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÂϤÁ¯ıËÎ·Ó Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ¤Ó· ÛÙ·ıÌÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û ÙË Ó¢ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË, ÙÔ Â‡ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ ÛÙȘ ·ÚıÚÒÛÂȘ Î·È ÙËÓ Îϛ̷η Ashworth. ∏ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ Ì˘ÒÓ ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË Û 10 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Î·È ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ‚¿‰ÈÛ˘ Û 2. ÃÔÚËÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û˘ÓÔÏÈο 7 ÌÔÓ/Kgµ™. ∆· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi 6-8 Ë̤Ú˜ ÂÚ›Ô˘ Î·È Â›¯·Ó ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ηٿ ̤ÛÔÓ fiÚÔ 2-3 Ì‹Ó˜. ¶·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ ‰ÂÓ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËηÓ. ∏ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ Îϛ̷η Ashworth, ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈΤ˜ Î·È ·ıËÙÈΤ˜ ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÁˆÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÚıÚÒÛˆÓ. OÈ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù¤˜ Î·È ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ηıÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ı¤Û˘, Ù˘ ÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÚÌÔ‡, Ù˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ ¿ÎÚˆÓ Î·È ¤ÁÈÓ ¢ÎÔÏfiÙÂÚË ÂÚÈÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ. ™˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο, Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ù˘ ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ͛Ӣ Ù‡Ô˘ ∞ Û ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ̇˜ ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ Ì˘˚Îfi ÙfiÓÔ, ÙȘ Û˘Û¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Â‡ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘, ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹, ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÔÓ¢ÚÔÏfiÁÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÔÚıÔ·È‰ÈÎÔ‡. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:412-417. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË, ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË, Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·.

C. Panteliadis, A. Balaska, M. Tzitiridou, O. Kotzaeridou, E. Karatza-Xifilidou. Botulinum toxin-A in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Paediatriki 2000;63:412-417. ● Abstract: Botulinum toxin (BTX-A) has been used recently for the treatment of children with spastic type of cerebral palsy. This treatment is used in selected cases, requires experience and aims towards the facilitation of physiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the local injection of botulinum toxin in specific sites of skeletal muscle, in the context of an open trial research including 12 children (8 boys and 4 girls) with spastic cerebral palsy. The patients were investigated according to a standardized protocol which included neurological assessment, range of motion and Ashworth scale. The muscle selection was based on clinical examination in 10 patients, while in 2 patients we used gait analysis. The total amount of BTX-A administered was 7 units/Kg. The effects of treatment, which lasted for 2-3 months, were evaluated 6-8 days after injection. None of our patients developed side effects. Analysis of our results showed a decrease in muscle hypertonicity and an increase in the range of active and passive motion. During the following months, the physiotherapists and parents observed an improvement on body posture and sitting, and facilitation in patient care. In conclusion, BTX-A injection in specific muscles decreases the muscle hypertonia and muscle contracture, increases the range of motion, and facilitates the work of the physiotherapist, child neurologist and orthopedist.

Key words: cerebral palsy, botulinum toxin, spasticity.

°' ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ πÔÎÚ¿ÙÂÈÔ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ô, ∞.¶.£, £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË

412

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·413

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:412-417

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ∏ ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË Ù‡Ô˘ ∞ (∞∆-∞) ¤¯ÂÈ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› Ì ÂÈÙ˘¯›· ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÔÈÎ›ÏˆÓ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ Ì ·˘ÍË̤ÓË Ì˘˚΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·. ™ÙËÓ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ ·fi ÙË ‰ËÏËÙËÚ›·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚Ô˘ÙÔ˘ÏÈÛÌÔ‡ (·ÏÏ·ÓÙ›·ÛË). πÛÙÔÚÈο, Ë ÚÒÙË ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚΋ ¤Á¯˘ÛË ÌÈÎÚÒÓ ‰fiÛÂˆÓ ∞∆-∞ ¤ÁÈÓ ÙÔ 1981 ·fi ÙÔÓ Scott Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÛÙÚ·‚ÈÛÌfi (1). ∞fi ÙfiÙ ·ԉ›¯ıËΠ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ÂÛÙȷ΋˜-ÙÌËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘ÛÙÔÓ›·˜ Î·È Û Û·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ, fiÙ·Ó ÂÓ›ÂÙ·È Û ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÛÎÂÏÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ̇˜ (2,3). ∆· ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ¯Ú‹ÛË ∞∆-∞ Â›Ó·È ÂÓı·ÚÚ˘ÓÙÈο Î·È ÙËÓ ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ˆ˜ ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô Ì ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙ˜ ·ÓÂÈı‡ÌËÙ˜ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ. ∞ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ıËΠ۠·È‰È¿ Î·È ÂÊ‹‚Ô˘˜ Ì ÂÛÙȷ΋ ‰˘ÛÙÔÓÈ΋ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘, fiˆ˜ Û·Û̈‰ÈÎfi Ú·È‚fiÎÚ·ÓÔ Ì ηϿ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Î·È ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ (4,5). ∂Âȉ‹ fï˜, ÔÈ ‰˘ÛÙÔÓÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Â›Ó·È Û¿ÓȘ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ· Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ, ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó Ó· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÔ‡Ó. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó fï˜ ÂÛÙȷο ÎÈÓËÙÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙ· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÌÈ·˜ Û·ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÎÈÓËÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹˜ (6-8). ∏ ∞∆-∞ ˘fiÛ¯ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ¡Â˘ÚÔÏÔÁ›· Ӥ˜ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈΤ˜ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ıÂÚ·›· ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì Û·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋˜ ·Ú¿Ï˘Û˘ (∂¶). ∏ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›· ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ Î‡ÚÈÔ Ì¤ÛÔ Ì›ˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ˘ Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ Ì Û·ÛÙÈ΋ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË. ∆· ·ÓÙÈÛ·ÛÙÈο Ê¿Ú̷η (Ì·ÎÏÔʤÓË, ÙÈ˙·Óȉ›ÓË, ‚ÂÓ˙ԉȷ˙Â›Ó˜) ·›˙Ô˘Ó ÌÈÎÚfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· ÁÈ·Ù› ÙÔ ‚·ÛÈÎfi Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ù˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ Ú‡ıÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÓÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌÔ‡ (9). ∏ ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÏÎÔfiÏ˘ ‹ Ê·ÈÓfiÏ˘ ··ÈÙ› ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›· Î·È ÚÔηÏ› ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ¿ÏÁÔ˜, Ì˘˚΋ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›· Î·È ÓÂÎÚÒÛÂȘ. ŒÙÛÈ, Û˘¯Ó¿ Ë ÌfiÓË Ï‡ÛË ÁÈ· Ù· ·È‰È¿ ·˘Ù¿ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÔÚıÔ·È‰ÈΤ˜ ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ. ∏ ∞∆ Ù‡Ô˘ ∞ ·ÛΛ ÙË ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ÛÙË Ó¢ÚÔÌ˘˚΋ Û‡Ó·„Ë, ·ÚÂÌ‚·›ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÎÂÙ˘ÏÔ¯ÔÏ›Ó˘. ∞Ó·ÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÈ ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈο ÙË ÚÔ‹ (‰È¿¯˘ÛË) Ù˘ ·ÎÂÙ˘ÏÔ¯ÔÏ›Ó˘ ÛÙȘ Û˘Ó¿„ÂȘ Ù˘ ÙÂÏÈ΋˜ Ì˘˚΋˜ Ͽη˜. ŒÙÛÈ, ÂÌÔ‰›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ·ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ·ÎÂÙ˘ÏÔ¯ÔÏ›Ó˘ ÛÙË Û˘Ó·ÙÈ΋ Û¯ÈÛÌ‹ Î·È Ë ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÂı›ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈÎfi Ó‡ÚÔ ÛÙÔÓ Ì˘ Î·È ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈ΋ ¯ËÌÈ΋ ·ÔÓ‡ڈÛË Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË ¯·Ï·Ú‹ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì˘fi˜ (4, 5). ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ·Ú¿Ï˘Û˘ ÂÍ·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ·fi ÙË ‰fiÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi ‰È¿¯˘Û˘ Ù˘ ∞∆-∞ (5). ∫ÏÈÓÈο, Ë Â›‰Ú·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·ÛÙÚ¤„ÈÌË ÎÈ ·˘Ùfi ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi turn over Ù˘ Ó¢ÚÔÌ˘˚΋˜ Û‡Ó·„˘ Ì ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Î·ÓÔÓÈÎÒÓ "Ó¤ˆÓ

∞ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ÛÙËÓ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË

ÎÈÓËÙÈÎÒÓ Ï·ÎÒÓ". ∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ∞. °È’ ·˘Ùfi, fiϘ ÔÈ ÂȉڿÛÂȘ Ù˘ ∞∆-∞, ÙfiÛÔ ÔÈ ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ¤˜ fiÛÔ Î·È ÔÈ ·ÓÂÈı‡ÌËÙ˜ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·ÛÙÚ¤„È̘.

OÈ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙË ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙˆÓ Ì˘ÔÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙȘ ·ÎÔ‡ÛȘ Ì˘˚Τ˜ Û˘Û¿ÛÂȘ (Û·ÛÌÔ›). O ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ˜ Ì˘˚Îfi˜ ÙfiÓÔ˜ ÚÔηÏ› Û˘Ó¯‹ Û‡Û·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì˘fi˜, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ó· ÂÚÈÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë Î›ÓËÛË Î·È Ë ‰È¿Ù·Û‹ ÙÔ˘ (10). ∏ ‰È¿Ù·ÛË ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÂÚ¤ıÈÛÌ· ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì˘fi˜, ‰ÈfiÙÈ Ú˘ıÌ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi ÙˆÓ Û·ÚÎÔÌÂÚȉ›ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ (5). ∏ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ó·ÛÙÔÏ‹ Ù˘ ‰È¿Ù·Û˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙË ‚Ú¿¯˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì˘fi˜, ÛÙËÓ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË Ù˘ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÒÌ·ÏË ı¤ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÚıÚÒÛÂˆÓ Î·È Û ÌfiÓÈ̘ Û˘Áο̄ÂȘ. ™ÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ ÌÂϤÙ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚΋˜ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ͛Ӣ Ù‡Ô˘ ∞ ÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ı¤ÛÂȘ Ì˘ÒÓ Û ·È‰È¿ Ì Û·ÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË. ∫ÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ë Ì¤ÙÚÈ· ˆ˜ ÛÔ‚·Ú‹ Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ë ·Ô˘Û›· ÌfiÓÈÌˆÓ ·Ú·ÌÔÚÊÒÛˆÓ. ªÂ ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi ı· ÂÎÙÈÌËı› Ë ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ ÙˆÓ ¿ÎÚˆÓ, Ù˘ ÛÙ¿Û˘, Ù˘ ‚¿‰ÈÛ˘, Ù˘ Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ ΛÓËÛ˘ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ·˘Ù¿.

M¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ÌÈ·˜ ·ÓÔȯً˜ ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÂϤÁ¯ıËÎÂ Ë ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ∞∆-∞ (Botox-A) ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Û ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ̇˜, Û ·È‰È¿ Ì Û·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ∂¶. ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙ›¯·Ó 12 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ (8 ·ÁfiÚÈ·, 4 ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ·) ËÏÈΛ·˜ ·fi 15 ÌËÓÒÓ ¤ˆ˜ 10 ÂÙÒÓ (̤ÛË ËÏÈΛ· 5,17 ¤ÙË). ∞fi ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ 5 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ›¯·Ó Û·ÛÙÈ΋ ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›·, 3 ‰ÈÏËÁ›·, Î·È 4 ËÌÈÏËÁ›· (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1). ∆· ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ë Ì˘˚΋ ˘ÂÚÙÔÓ›· Ô˘ ÂËÚ¤·˙ Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ‚·ıÌfi ÙËÓ Î›ÓËÛË, ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ›ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ∫·Ó¤Ó·˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â ÌfiÓÈ̘ Û˘Áο̄ÂȘ ÛÙȘ ·ÚıÚÒÛÂȘ Î·È ÛÂ Î·Ó¤Ó·Ó ‰ÂÓ ÚÔËÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈΤ˜ ÔÚıÔ·È‰ÈΤ˜ ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ (.¯. ÂÈÌ‹Î˘ÓÛË ·¯›ÏÏÂÈÔ˘ Ù¤ÓÔÓÙ· ‹ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÒÓ Ì˘ÒÓ) Ô‡Ù ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÓÙÈÛ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ·, fiˆ˜ ‰È·˙Â¿ÌË, Ì·ÎÏÔʤÓË Î.¿. ∏ ÌfiÓË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ˘ ‹Ù·Ó Ë Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›·. OÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡ÓÙ·Ó ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ 6-12 Ì‹Ó˜ ·fi ÙÔ ¶·È‰ÔÓ¢ÚÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋˜ ÚÈÓ ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙË ÌÂϤÙË. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ, ¤ÁÈÓ Û οı ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹˜ Ó¢ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË fiÔ˘ ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ıËÎÂ Ô ‚·ıÌfi˜ Ù˘ Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ Ì˘ÒÓ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ ÙÚÔÔÔÈË̤ÓË Îϛ̷η ÙÔ˘ Ashworth (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2), Î·È ÙÔ Â‡ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ ··ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ

413

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·414

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:412-417

Ã. ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜ Î·È Û˘Ó.

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. ∞ÛıÂÓ›˜ Î·È Ì‡Â˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ¤ıËÎ·Ó Ì ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ∞.

No

º‡ÏÔ

∏ÏÈΛ·

∆‡Ô˜ ∂¶

ª‡Â˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ¤ıËηÓ

1 2 3 4 5 6

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞

2,5 ÂÙÒÓ 15 ÌËÓÒÓ 7 ÂÙÒÓ 3 ÂÙÒÓ 2 ÂÙÒÓ 4.5 ÂÙÒÓ

ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›· ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›· ‰ÈÏËÁ›· ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›· ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›· ‰ÈÏËÁ›·

7

£

10 ÂÙÒÓ

ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›·

8 9

∞ £

3 ÂÙÒÓ 10 ÂÙÒÓ

ËÌÈÏËÁ›· ‰ÂÍ›· ËÌÈÏËÁ›· ‰ÂÍ›·

10 11 12

£ ∞ £

8 ÂÙÒÓ 3 ÂÙÒÓ 8 ÂÙÒÓ

ËÌÈÏËÁ›· ‰ÂÍ›· ‰ÈÏËÁ›· ËÌÈÏËÁ›·

ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ› ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ› ËÌÈÙÂÓÔÓÙÒ‰ÂȘ, ËÌÈÌ‚Ú·ÓÒ‰ÂȘ, Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔÈ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ›, Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔÈ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ›, Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔÈ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ›, Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔÈ ËÌÈÙÂÓÔÓÙÒ‰ÂȘ, ËÌÈÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒ‰ÂȘ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔÈ, ËÌÈÙÂÓÔÓÙÒ‰ÂȘ, ËÌÈÌÂÌ‚Ú·ÓÒ‰ÂȘ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔ˜, ηÌÙ‹Ú˜ ηÚÔ‡ ËÌÈÙÂÓÔÓÙ҉˘, ËÌÈÌÂÌ‚Ú·Ó҉˘ ηÌÙ‹Ú˜ ηÚÔ‡ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔ˜ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ›, Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔÈ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔ˜

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2. ∆ÚÔÔÔÈË̤ÓË Îϛ̷η Ashworth.

0= 1=

¯ˆÚ›˜ ·‡ÍËÛË Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·‡ÍËÛË Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘, ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ ΛÓËÛ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ‹ Î¿Ì„Ë 1+ = ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·‡ÍËÛË Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘, ÂÏ¿¯ÈÛÙË ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙÔ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ·fi ÙÔ ÌÈÛfi ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ ΛÓËÛ˘ 2= ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·‡ÍËÛË Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘, ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË Î·Ù¿ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ì¤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ ΛÓËÛ˘ ÙÔ ÚÔۂ‚ÏË̤ÓÔ ¿ÎÚÔ ÎÈÓÂ›Ù·È Ì ¢ÎÔÏ›· 3= ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·‡ÍËÛË Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘, ·ıËÙÈ΋ ΛÓËÛË Ì ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· 4= ·Î·Ì„›· ÚÔۂ‚ÏË̤ÓÔ˘ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ‹ Î¿Ì„Ë ÈÛ¯›ˆÓ, Ù˘ ¤ÎÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÁfiÓ·ÙÔ˜, Ù˘ Ú·¯È·›·˜ ο̄˘ ÙÔ˘ Ô‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È Ù˘ Ú·¯È·›·˜ ο̄˘ ÙÔ˘ ηÚÔ‡ (11,12). OÈ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Ì ÁˆÓÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ. ™Â ‰‡Ô ·fi Ù· Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ· ·È‰È¿ ÌÂ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹ ËÌÈÏËÁ›· ¤ÁÈÓ ÂÈϤÔÓ, ÚÈÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ıÂÚ·›·, ÎÈÓËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ‚¿‰ÈÛ˘. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÓÔÓÙ·Ó Ì οı ÏÂÙÔ̤ÚÂÈ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜ Î·È ˘‹Ú¯Â Ë Û˘ÁηٿıÂÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. OÈ Ì‡Â˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ¤ıËÎ·Ó ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ê·›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 1. ∏ ‰fiÛË Ù˘ ∞∆-∞ ‹Ù·Ó 7ÌÔÓ/kgµ™ Û˘ÓÔÏÈο. ∂Ó¤ıËÎ·Ó 2 ¤ˆ˜ 4 ÛËÌ›· Û οıÂ Ì˘fi˜ ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÛÔ ÙÚÈÙËÌfiÚÈÔ Ù˘ Á·ÛÙ¤Ú·˜ ÙÔ˘. °È· Ó· ·ÔʇÁÔ˘Ì ÙÔÓ fiÓÔ ÚÔÂÙÔÈÌ¿Û·Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÙÔÈÎfi Â›ıÂÌ· Emla Î·È ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ìȉ·˙ÔÏ¿Ì˘.

OÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÁÈ· ÌÈ· Ë̤ڷ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Î·È Ô Â·Ó¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Á›ÓÔÓÙ·Ó 3-4 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÂÛË Î·È Î·ÙfiÈÓ, οı 3-4 Ì‹Ó˜. ŸÏÔÈ ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ‹Ù·Ó Û ÂÓÙ·ÙÈ΋ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›·. ™Â 6 ·È‰È¿ ¤ÁÈÓ 2Ë ‰fiÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· 4-6 ÌËÓÒÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ¤ÓÂÛË Î·È Û 2 ·fi ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ Î·È ÙÚ›ÙË. ∏ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ÙÔ MannWhitney test.

414

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1. ∂ÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÚÈÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤Á¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ͛Ӣ Ì ÙËÓ Îϛ̷η Ashworth.

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·415

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:412-417

∞ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ÛÙËÓ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3. ∞‡ÍËÛË Â‡ÚÔ˘˜ ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ·ıËÙÈ΋˜ ΛÓËÛ˘ ∂›‰Ô˜ ΛÓËÛ˘

∞·ÁˆÁ‹ ÈÛ¯‡ˆÓ πÁÓ˘·Î‹ ÁˆÓ›· ƒ·¯È·›· Î¿Ì„Ë Ô‰fi˜ ƒ·¯È·›· Î¿Ì„Ë Î·ÚÔ‡

N

n=6 n=4 n=9 n=2

ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÂÛË (ÌÔ›Ú˜) ªean SD

ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÂÛË (ÌÔ›Ú˜) Mean SD

26,6 112,5 -11,8 -25

48 148,7 +6,8 +7,5

∞ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ™Â fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ̇˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ¤ıËηÓ, Ô ‚·ıÌfi˜ Ù˘ Û·ÛÙÈ΋˜ Ì˘˚΋˜ ˘ÂÚÙÔÓ›·˜ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙËÓ Îϛ̷η ÙÔ˘ Ashworth ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Ì›ˆÛË (∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1). ™˘ÓÔÏÈο ÙÔ score ÌÂÈÒıËΠ·fi 3,25±0,7 Û 1,62±0,9 (p<0,001) ÙËÓ 3Ë-4Ë Â‚‰ÔÌ¿‰· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÂÛË. ªÂ ÙËÓ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË Ù˘ Ì˘˚΋˜ ˘ÂÚ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ·˘Í‹ıËΠÙÔ Â‡ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ ÛÙȘ Û‡ÛÙÔȯ˜ ·ÚıÚÒÛÂȘ ΢ڛˆ˜ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì Û·ÛÌfi ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ‡˜ ̇˜. ∏ ··ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ÈÛ¯›ˆÓ ‚ÂÏÙÈÒıËΠÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ 6 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ô˘ ÂÓ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ› ̇˜ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3). ∏ Ù¿ÛË ÁÈ· „·ÏȉÈÛÌfi ÛÙ· οو ¿ÎÚ· Ú·ÎÙÈο ÂÍ·Ê·Ó›ÛıËΠÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÔÈ 2 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‰ÈÏËÁ›· Î·È ÔÈ 2 Ì ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›· Ó· ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ fiÚıÈ· ÛÙ¿ÛË. ∏ Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ˘ÂÚÙÔÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘Ó ÙË Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›· Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ¯ÂÈÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ˘ÁÈÂÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰·. ™Ù· 4 ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ÂÓ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ Î·ÌÙ‹Ú˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁfiÓ·ÙÔ˜ (2 ‰ÈÏËÁ›·, 1 ËÌÈÏËÁ›·, 1 ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›·) ÛËÌÂÈÒıËΠ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÈÁÓ˘·Î‹˜ ÁˆÓ›·˜ Î·È Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÛÙËÓ ¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÁfiÓ·ÙÔ˜. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ‰ÈÏËÁ›· (ÔÈ 2 ÂÚ·ÙÔ‡Û·Ó ÛÙȘ ̇Ù˜ ÙˆÓ Ô‰ÈÒÓ ÌÂ Î¿Ì„Ë ÛÙ· ÁfiÓ·Ù·) Î·È ËÌÈÏËÁ›· ‚ÂÏÙÈÒıËÎÂ Ë ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÚÌÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ fiÚıÈ· ÛÙ¿ÛË ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Ó· ‚ÂÏÙȈı› Ë ÔÚıÔÛÙ¿ÙËÛË Î·È ÙÔ ‚¿‰ÈÛÌ·, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›· Ë Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÚÌÔ‡ ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘Ó ÙËÓ Î·ıÈÛÙÈ΋ ı¤ÛË. ªÂ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÏÌ·ÙÈ·›·˜ ο̄˘ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ Ô‰ÈÔ‡ ÛËÌÂÈÒıËΠ۠9 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ÂÓ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔÈ (‡ÚÔ˜ ΛÓËÛ˘ ·fi –11,8±5,3 Û 6,8±9,6). ∆· ¤ÓÙ ·È‰È¿ Ì Û·ÛÙÈ΋ ÙÂÙÚ·ÏËÁ›· Î·È Ù· ÙÚ›· Ì ‰ÈÏËÁ›· ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ·Ó ÙË ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÛÙÔ ¤ÏÌ· ηٿ ÙËÓ ÔÚıÔÛÙ¿ÙËÛË. OÈ 4 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ËÌÈÏËÁ›· ›¯·Ó ÙÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎfi ËÌÈÏËÁÈÎfi ‚¿‰ÈÛÌ·. ∏ ¤ÓÂÛË ÙˆÓ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓËÌ›ˆÓ Ì ∞∆-∞ ÛÙÔ˘˜ 3 ·fi ·˘ÙÔ‡˜ ¿ÏÏ·Í ÙÔ ‚¿‰ÈÛÌ· ·fi ‰¿ÎÙ˘Ï·-‰¿ÎÙ˘Ï· Û Ù¤ÚÓ·-‰¿ÎÙ˘Ï·. ∞˘Ùfi Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ Ù·¯‡ÙËÙ·˜ ‚¿‰ÈÛ˘. ™ÙÔ˘˜ 2/4 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ËÌÈÏËÁ›·, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔ˘˜, ÂÓ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÔÈ Ì‡Â˜ ÙˆÓ Î·ÌÙ‹ÚˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ηÚÔ‡, ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠ̛ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ·Ï·ÌÈ·›·˜ οÌ-

5,4 6,6 5,3

2,7 6,2 9,6

„˘ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÎÈÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÂÚÈÔ‡. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ (ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ô¯ÙÒ Î·È ‰¤Î·) Ë ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ‚¿‰ÈÛ˘ η٤ÁÚ·„ Ì ·ÎÚ›‚ÂÈ· ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ˘. ∏ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ∞∆-∞ ‰È‹ÚÎËÛ 4-6 Ì‹Ó˜. ™Â 6/12 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ıËΠ2Ë ‰fiÛË, 5-6 Ì‹Ó˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË Î·È Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ‹Ù·Ó ·ÚfiÌÔÈ·. ∏ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ‹Ù·Ó Ôχ ηϿ ·ÓÂÎÙ‹ ·’ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ. OÈ ˘fiÏÔÈÔÈ 6 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜, ·Ó Î·È ÛËÌ›ˆÛ·Ó οÔÈÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË, ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ‹Ïı·Ó ÁÈ· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ıÂÚ·›·. ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ∏ Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ÔχÏÔÎË ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏ› ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·Ó·ËÚ›· ÛÙ· ÚÔۂ‚ÏË̤ӷ ¿ÙÔÌ·. ∏ Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÔÈ ‰˘Ó·ÌÈΤ˜ Û˘Û¿ÛÂȘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÚÒÈÌ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ∂¶ Î·È Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó Û ÌfiÓÈÌË Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ·ÓÒÌ·ÏË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ fiÓÔ. ∫·Ù¿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ‡ÊÈÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì ∂¶ ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈο ̤ÙÚ·, fiˆ˜ Ë Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›·, ÔÈ ÔÚıÔ·È‰ÈΤ˜ ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂȘ, Ë ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ÓˆÙÈ·›· ÚÈ˙ÔÙÔÌ‹ Î·È Ê¿Ú̷η. ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· 10 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÚÔÛÙ¤ıËΠÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ë ÙÔÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ͛Ӣ. ∏ ‡ÎÔÏË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ‹ Ù˘ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙÔÓ Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ Ù˘ ÁÂÓÈ΋˜ ·Ó·ÈÛıËÛ›·˜ ‹ ¿ÏÏˆÓ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÂȉڿÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ë Î·Ï‹ ·ÓÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙ· ÏÂÔÓÂÎÙ‹Ì·Ù· ¤Ó·ÓÙÈ Ù˘ Ê·Ú̷΢ÙÈ΋˜/ ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜. ∏ ∞∆-∞ ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÈ Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ‚ÔËı¿ ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·›·˜ (3). ∏ Ì˘˚΋ ¯·Ï¿ÚˆÛË Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ù˘ ∞∆-∞, ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ Ì˘ Ó· ·˘ÍËı› Û ̋ÎÔ˜ Î·È Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙË ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚË ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛΤÏÔ˘˜. ¶ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË Â›Ó·È Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ ÛˆÛÙ‹ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ÙˆÓ Ì˘ÒÓ. ∫ÏÈÓÈο, ÂÈϤÁÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ Ì‡Â˜ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ¤ÓÙÔÓË Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, fiÓÔ Î·È ÌÂÚÈ΋ Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÓÔ˘. ™Â ÌÂϤÙ˜ Ô˘ ‰ËÌÔÛȇıËÎ·Ó Ì¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ıÂÚ·‡ÙËΠ¤Ó·˜ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Î·È ÂÊ‹‚ˆÓ Ì ∞∆-∞ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ¤·Û¯·Ó ·fi Û·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ (6-8,13-15). OÈ Gosgrove ηÈ

415

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·416

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:412-417

Graham ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛ·Ó Ì ÂÈÚ¿Ì·Ù· Û ÔÓÙ›ÎÈ·, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÓ¤ÛÂȘ Ì ∞∆-∞ fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛ·Ó ÙÔÓ Ì˘˚Îfi ÙfiÓÔ, ·ÏÏ¿ Ì›ˆÛ·Ó Ù· ÂÂÈÛfi‰È· ÙˆÓ Ì˘˚ÎÒÓ Û·ÛÌÒÓ (13). O Koman Î·È Û˘Ó. ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛ·Ó ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Û 6 ·È‰È¿ Ì ‰ÈÏËÁÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË (6). ∞fi ÙËÓ ÌÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ì·˜ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÛ·Ì Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ Ù˘ Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ·ıËÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È /‹ ÂÓÂÚÁËÙÈÎÒÓ ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙˆÓ Ì˘ÒÓ ÛÙȘ ·ÚıÚÒÛÂȘ. ∞˘Ùfi Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ ÙˆÓ ¿ÎÚˆÓ, ÛÙË Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿ÏÁÔ˘˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∏ Ì›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÒÓ ÛÙ· 6/12 ·È‰È¿ Ì ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ „·ÏȉÈÛÌfi ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘Ó ÙËÓ ˘ÁÈÂÈÓ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÔ›ËÛË, ÙË ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ ̤۷ ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Î·È ÙËÓ Î·ıÈÛÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ı¤ÛË Û ηӷ¤ ‹ ·Ó·ËÚÈ΋ ηڤÎÏ·. ŒÙÛÈ, ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÓÂÎÚÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ Ì·Ï·ÎÒÓ ÌÔÚ›ˆÓ ·fi ÙËÓ ›ÂÛË Î·È ÙÚÈ‚‹ Ô˘ ·ÛÎÂ›Ù·È ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙ· fi‰È· Î·È Ë Ó¤ÎÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÌËÚÈ·›Ô˘ ÏfiÁˆ ο̄˘ Î·È ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÈÛ¯›ˆÓ.

O Yong TF Î·È Û˘Ó. ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ·Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ 38 ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ∂¶, 6 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤Á¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ∞∆-∞, Ì›ˆÛË ·fi 2,7 Û 1,5 ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛ·ÁˆÁÔ‡˜ Î·È ·fi 2,9 Û 1,9 ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓ‹ÌÈÔ˘˜, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ÙÚÔÔÔÈË̤ÓË Îϛ̷η Ashwort (16). ™ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÈÎÔ‡˜ Ì·˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 3), Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË Ù˘ ∞∆∞ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ηÌÙ‹Ú˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁfiÓ·ÙÔ˜ ‰È¢ÎfiÏ˘Ó ÙÔÓ Â˘ıÂÈ·ÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ Î›ÓËÛË ÛÙÔÓ ÙÂÙڷΤʷÏÔ Ì˘. ™ÙȘ 7 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ¤ÓÂÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Á·ÛÙÚÔÎÓËÌ›ˆÓ, ·˘Í‹ıËÎÂ Ë ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· ÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ÛÙÔ ¤ÏÌ· ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡. ∏ ÂÈÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÓÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙÂÚÔ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÛËÌÂ›Ô ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙË ‰È¿Ù·ÛË ÙˆÓ Û·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ Ì˘ÒÓ Î·È ‰›ÓÂÈ ÂÚÂı›ÛÌ·Ù· ÚÔ¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· ÛÙ¿‰È· Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘. ∏ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ‚¿‰ÈÛ˘ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ Û ‰‡Ô ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ËÌÈÏËÁ›· ¤‰ÂÈÍ Ì ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÛÙË ‚¿‰ÈÛË. O Calderon-Gonzalez Î·È Û˘Ó. Û ÌÂϤÙË 12 ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì Û·ÛÙÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ∂¶ η٤ÏËÍ·Ó Û ·ÚfiÌÔÈ· Û˘ÌÂÚ¿ÛÌ·Ù· (8). ™Â ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË 33 ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ∂¶ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠfiÙÈ Ë ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË 200 ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ∞∆-∞ ηٷÓÂÌË̤Ó˘ Û ٤ÛÛÂÚȘ ‹ ¤ÓÙ ̇˜ ·Ó¿ ¿ÎÚÔ, ›¯Â ηχÙÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË 100 ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ (10). O ‚·ıÌfi˜ ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÛÙȘ ‰˘Ô ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ›‰ÈÔ˜. ªÂ ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÚfiÔ Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹˜ ÂÓ¤ıËÎÂ Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÈÎÔ‡˜ Ì·˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ë ∞∆∞, Ë ÔÔ›· ·Ó¿ Û˘Ó‰ڛ· ‰ÂÓ ÍÂ¤Ú·Û ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜, ÙȘ 200 ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜. ™·Ê‹˜ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË ÙˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ Ì ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ Ì·˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍÂ. ∏ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ‹ Ì·˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ Ë Ì·ÎÚfi¯ÚÔÓË Û·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ ·Ú·ÌÔÚÊÒÛÂˆÓ ÛÙ· ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ·È‰È¿ ÂËÚ¤·Û ·ÚÓËÙÈο Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·. ™Â ¿ÏϘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ·È‰È¿ οو ÙˆÓ 7 ÂÙÒÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ηχÙÂÚË ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË ÛÙË

416

Ã. ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜ Î·È Û˘Ó.

ıÂÚ·›· ÁÈ·Ù› ‰ÂÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·ÎfiÌË ÌfiÓÈ̘ Û˘Áο̄ÂȘ/Û˘Û¿ÛÂȘ (7). ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ‰ËÌÔÛȇÛÂȘ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙË ‰È΋ Ì·˜ ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·, ηχÙÂÚÔ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛ˘ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ËÏÈ˘ οو ÙˆÓ ¤ÓÙ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ. ™ÙË ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ·ÓÂÈı‡ÌËÙ˜ ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ ·fi ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ ∞∆-∞ Û ÙÔÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÔÈ Âί˘ÌÒÛÂȘ, ÙÔ Ô›‰ËÌ·, Ë ‹È· ÁÂÓÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓË Ì˘˚΋ ˘ÔÙÔÓ›·, Ë ÎÂÊ·Ï·ÏÁ›· Î·È Ë Î·Ù·ÎÚ¿ÙËÛË Ô‡ÚˆÓ ÛÙËÓ Î‡ÛÙË. ™Â fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì·˜ ‰ÂÓ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ·ÚÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÔÓ fiÓÔ ÙÔ˘ Ì˘fi˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÂÛË. ø˜ ·ÓÂÈı‡ÌËÙË ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ·ÎfiÌË Ë ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ·ÓÙÈÛˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ∞∆-∞ Ù· ÔÔ›· ÂÌÔ‰›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·¿ÓÙËÛË ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· (18). ™ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·˘Ù¤˜ Ë ∞∆-∞ ¯ÔÚËÁ›ÙÔ Î¿ı 3 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ Î·È Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Û ˘„ËϤ˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ. ∆Ô ÌÂÛԉȿÛÙËÌ· ÙˆÓ 3-4 ÌËÓÒÓ Î·È Ë ·ÔÊ˘Á‹ ‰fiÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ÍÂÂÚÓÔ‡Ó ÙȘ 300 ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ ·Ó¿ Û˘Ó‰ڛ·, ÚÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ·ÓÙȉڿÛÂȘ. ™ÙË ‰È΋ Ì·˜ ÌÂϤÙË ‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ·ÓÙÈۈ̿وÓ. ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ fï˜ ÙË ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ÔÈ ·Ó¿ Û˘Ó‰ڛ· ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ÛÂȘ ‰ÂÓ ˘ÂÚ¤‚·ÈÓ·Ó Û˘ÓÔÏÈο ÙȘ 200 ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜. ™Ù· ·ÚÓËÙÈο Ù˘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ ·˘Ù‹˜ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ Ë ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ (2-6 Ì‹Ó˜), Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË Â·Ó·Ï·Ì‚·ÓfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÂÓ¤ÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ê˘ÛÈο ÙÔ ˘„ËÏfi ÎfiÛÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜. O Gooch Î·È Û˘Ó. Û ÌÈ· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÂÚÁ·Û›· ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ∞∆-A Û ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÍ·ÓÙÏËı› fiÏ· Ù· ¿ÏÏ· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈο Û¯‹Ì·Ù· (14). ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ·fi ÙË ‰È΋ Ì·˜ ÂÌÂÈÚ›·, Ë ÚÒÈÌË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ·ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ͛Ӣ Û ‰fiÛË 7 ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ/Kgµ™ Û ÂÈÏÂÁ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ̇˜ Û ·È‰È¿ Ì ∂¶, ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ Ì˘˚Îfi ÙfiÓÔ, ÙȘ Û˘Û¿ÛÂȘ, ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Â‡ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ΛÓËÛ˘ ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹, ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÔÓ¢ÚÔÏfiÁÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÔÚıÔ·È‰ÈÎÔ‡. ª·ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓȘ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ı· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó ÌÂÏÏÔÓÙÈο ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ Â›‰Ú·ÛË Ù˘ ∞∆-∞ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ù˘ Ì˘˚΋˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰·˜. µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Scott AB. Botulinum A toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus. Trans Am Ophtalmol Soc 1981;79:734-770.

2. Langueny A. Botulinum toxin for spasticity: an overview.

Eur J Neur 1995;2:41-46.

3. Snow BJ, Tsui JKC, Bharr MH, Varelas M, Hashimoto SA, Caine DB. Treatment of spasticity with Botox: a double blind study. Ann Neurol 1990;28:512-515.

4. American Academy of Neurology. Assessment: the clinical usefulness of botulinum toxin- A in treating neurological disorders. Neurology 1990;40:1332-1336.

5. Deuchl G. Botulinumtoxin- Forum 1995. 1. Auflage Hamburg: Wissenschaftsverlag Wellingsbuettel, 1995.

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6. Koman LA, Mooney JF, Smith BP. Management of cerebral palsy with Botox A: A randomized double-blind study. Dev Med Child Neurol 1992:34(Suppl 66):23.

7. Chutorian M, Root L. Management of Spasticity in Children with Botulinum-A Toxin. Int Pediatr 1994;9 (Suppl 1):35-43.

8. Calderon-Gonzalez R, Calderon-Sepulveda R, RinconReyes M, Garcia-Ramirez J, Mino-Arango E. Botulinum toxin A in management of cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol 1994;14:281-287.

9. ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜ Ã. ∂ÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ¶·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË: ¶·ÚÂÏıfiÓ, ¶·ÚfiÓ, ª¤ÏÏÔÓ. £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË: °È·¯Ô‡‰Ë-°È·Ô‡ÏË; 1998.

10. O’Dwyer NJ, Neilson DP, Nash J. Mechanism of muscle growth related to muscle contracture in cerebral palsy.

Dev Med Child Neurol 1989;31:543-552.

11. Ashworth B. Preliminary trial of carisoprodol in multiple sclerosis. Practit 1964;92:540-542.

12. Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrarer reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987;67:206-207.

13. Cosgrore AP, Graham HK. Botulinum toxin - A prevents the development of contracture in the hereditary spastic mouse. Dev Med Child Neurol 1992;34(Supll 66):23.

14. Gooch Judith L, Sandell TV. Botulinum toxin for spasticity and athetosis in children with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77:508-511.

15. Wissel J, Muller J, Heinen F, Mall V, Sojer M, Ebersbach G, Poewe W. Safety and tolerance of single-dose botulinum toxin Type A treatment in 204 patients with spasticity and localized assosiated symptoms. Austrian and German botulinum toxin A spasticity study group.

Wien Klin Wochenschr 1999;111:837-842.

∞ÏÏ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÙÔÍ›ÓË ÛÙËÓ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÈ΋ ·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË

16. Yang TF, Chan RC, Chuang TY, Liu TJ, Chiu JW. Treatment of cerebral palsy with botulinum toxin: evaluation with gross motor function measures. J Formos Med Assoc 1999;98(12):832-836.

17. Wissel J, Heinen F, Schenkel A, Doll B, Ebersbach G, Müller J, Poewe W. Botulinum toxin a in the management of spastic gait disorders in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: A randomized, double-blind study of highdose versus low-dose treatment. Neuropediatrics 1999;30:120-124.

18. Tsui JK, Wong NLM, Wong E, Calne DB. Production of circulating antibodies to botulinum-A toxin in patients receiving repeated injections for dystonia. Ann Neurol 1988;23:181.

19. Koman LA, Mooney JF 3rd, Smith BP, Walker F, Leon JM. Botulinum toxin type A neuromuscular blockade in the treatment of lower extremity spasticity in cerebral palsy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BOTOX Study Group. J Pediatr Orthop 2000;20:108-115.

20. Birklein F, Erbguth F. Pseudomotor testing discriminates between subjects with and without antibodies against botulinum toxin-A: a preliminary observation. Mov Disord 2000;15:146-149.

21. Zaleski P. Advances in botulinum toxin applications. Pol Merkuriusz Lek 1999;7:134-137.

22. ÃÚ. ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜. £ÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎfi ÂÁÎfiÏÈÔ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜.

3Ë ¤Î‰ÔÛË. £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË: °È·¯Ô˘‰‹ - °È·Ô‡ÏË; 1999.

23. Panteliadis Chr, Darras BT. Encyclopaedia of paediatric neurology-Theory and Practice. Second Edition. Stuttgart: Thieme Verlag; 1999.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 07-03-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 08-09-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ¢Ú. ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜ ¶·ÓÙÂÏÈ¿‰Ë˜ °' ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ∞¶£, πÔÎÚ¿ÙÂÈÔ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙÈÓÔ˘fiψ˜ 49, 546 42 £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË

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E¡¢π∞º∂ƒOÀ™∂™ ¶∂ƒπ¶∆ø™∂π™

™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌË πÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ Î·È ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Ù˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ ª¿Úı· ÷ڛÛË1, ∞ÈηÙÂÚ›ÓË ∑ÈÒÁ·2, ∂˘·ÁÁÂÏ›· ∫ÚËÙÈÎÔ‡1, ∞ÓÙÈÁfiÓË ™È·ÌÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘-ª·˘Ú›‰Ô˘1, ∑ˆ‹ ¶··‰ÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘-∫Ô˘ÏÔ˘Ì‹1 ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ı‹ÏÂÔ˜ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜ ÌÂ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌË ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans. H ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ·fi ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 20 ËÌÂÚÒÓ ÁÂÓÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ Ê˘Û·ÏȉԂϷÙȉ҉˜ ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ¿ÏÏÔ ·Ó·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ˘Á›·˜. OÈ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ ˘Ô¯ÒÚËÛ·Ó ·˘ÙfiÌ·Ù· Û ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· Ï›ÁˆÓ ÌËÓÒÓ. ¢ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍ·Ó ˘ÔÙÚÔ¤˜ Î·È Ë ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ ‹Ù·Ó ¿ÚÈÛÙË. ∏ ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Ù˘ÈÎÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Langerhans. H Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌË ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÌÈ· ηÏÔ‹ı˘, ·˘ÙÔÂÚÈÔÚÈ˙fiÌÂÓË ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹, ÂÌÊ·ÓÈ˙fiÌÂÓË Î·Ù¿ ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ‹ ηٿ ÙË ÓÂÔÁÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô, Ô˘ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ·, ·ÏÏ¿ ÚÔÛÂÎÙÈ΋ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÁÈ· ‡·ÚÍË Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Ú¤ÂÈ ¿ÓÙ· Ó· ‰ÈÂÓÂÚÁ›ٷÈ. ∞·Ú·›ÙËÙË Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ Ë Ì·ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÁÈ· Ù˘¯fiÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ˘ÔÙÚÔ‹˜ ‹ ÁÂÓ›Î¢Û˘ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ∞ӷχÔÓÙ·È Ù· ÎÏÈÓÈÎÔÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Î·È Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Ù˘ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:418-421. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË, Ê˘Û·ÏȉԂϷÙȉ҉˜ ÓÂÔÁÓÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ·.

M. Charisi, A. Zioga, E Kritikou, A. Siamopoulou-Mavridou, Z. Papadopoulou-Couloumbis. Congenital selfhealing Langerhans cell Histiocytosis. Case report and review of the literature. Paediatriki 2000;63:418-421. ● Abstract: We describe the case of a female infant with congenital self-healing Langerhans cell histiocytosis (CSHLCH). ∞t 20 days of age she developed a generalized papulovesicular eruption, without any other evidence of health problem. The dermal lesions resolved spontaneously within a few months. There were no relapses and the patient’s outcome was excellent. Histopathologic study of the skin lesions revealed typical Langerhans cells.

CSHLCH is usually a benign, self-limited disorder usually seen at birth or in the neonatal period, which involves mainly the skin, but careful evaluation for extracutaneous disease must be performed. Long-term follow-up for evidence of relapse or progression of disease is essential. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease are discussed and the current literature is reviewed.

Key words: histiocytosis, papulovesicular neonatal rash.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ∏ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌË IÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans (Congenital Self Healing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, CSHLCH) ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊËΠÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ 1973 ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Hashimoto Î·È Pritzker (1). ÷ڷÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÔÏÏ·ÏÒÓ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ÓÂÔÁÓÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ·, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈο Î·È ·ÓÔÛÔ˚ÛÙÔ¯ËÌÈο ·Ó·‰ÂÈÎÓ‡Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Langerhans. ™ÙÔ

1 2

™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ LCH: CSHLCH: HBV: HCV: HSV: EBV: CMV: ∂£:

∆Ô̤·˜ ÀÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰ÈÔ‡, π·ÙÚÈ΋ ™¯ÔÏ‹ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ πˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ ¶·ıÔÏÔÁÔ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈÎfi ∂ÚÁ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ ¶.¶.°.¡. πˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ

418

Langerhans cell histiocytosis Congenital self-healing Langerhans cell histiocytosis Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus Herpex simplex virus Epstein Barr virus Cytomegalovirus ∂ηÙÔÛÙÈ·›· ı¤ÛË

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ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ì›· ηÏÔ‹ı˘ ¿ıËÛË ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ÔÈ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‚Ï¿‚˜ ˘ÔÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È Û ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· Ï›ÁˆÓ ÌËÓÒÓ, ÂÓÒ ‰ÂÓ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ¿ÏÏˆÓ ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ. ªÂϤÙ˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ¤Ó· ÌÈÎÚfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÌÊ·Ó›ÛÂÈ ˘ÔÙÚÔ‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ›Ù ÛÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ· ›Ù Û ¿ÏÏÔ fiÚÁ·ÓÔ (2). ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌ˘ ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛ˘ Û ÓÂÔÁÓfi Î·È Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Ù˘ ÚfiÛÊ·Ù˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜. ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ £‹Ï˘ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 21/2 ÌËÓÒÓ, ÂÈÛ‹¯ıË ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÏfiÁˆ ÁÂÓÈÎÂ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘ Ê˘Û·ÏȉԂϷÙÈ‰Ò‰Ô˘˜ ÂÍ·Óı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ ·fi ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 20 ËÌÂÚÒÓ. ∆Ô ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎfi ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ‹Ù·Ó ÂχıÂÚÔ Î·È ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ 2.900 gr. Afi ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÍ·Óı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ù˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ë ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ›¯Â Ï¿‚ÂÈ ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÏfiÁˆ ıÂÙÈ΋˜ ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ·˜ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈ΋˜

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1. ¢È¿Û·ÚÙÔ, ÂÚ˘ıÚfiÊ·ÈÔ˘ ¯ÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÌË Û˘ÚÚ¤ÔÓ ‚Ï·Ùȉ҉˜ Î·È Ê˘Û·Ïȉ҉˜ ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Ô˘ ηٷϷ̂¿ÓÂÈ ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ ÛÒÌ·.

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

‚Ï¿‚˘ ÁÈ· ¯Ú˘Û›˙ÔÓÙ· ÛÙ·Ê˘ÏfiÎÔÎÎÔ, ηıÒ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È ÙÔÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ì Benzogal Î·È Filocot Ì ÙËÓ ˘fiÓÔÈ· „ÒÚ·˜. §fiÁˆ ÌË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ˘, ÂÈÛ‹¯ıË ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÁÈ· ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰fi Ù˘ Ù· ۈ̷ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈο Ù˘ ÛËÌ›· ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜, Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ Î·È ÂÚÈ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙËÓ 10Ë, 10Ë Î·È 50Ë ∂£ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ∏ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË Î·Ù¿ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ·¤‚Ë ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ÌfiÓÔ ÂÌÊ·Ó¤˜ ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi ‡ÚËÌ· ÚÔÂÚ¯fiÙ·Ó ·fi ÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ·. ∂ÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ÌË Û˘ÚÚ¤ÔÓ ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Ô˘ ηٷϿ̂·Ó ÔÏfiÎÏËÚÔ ÙÔ ÛÒÌ· (ÙÚȯˆÙfi ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜, ÚfiÛˆÔ, ÎÔÚÌfi, ¿ÎÚ·, ·Ï¿Ì˜ Î·È ¤ÏÌ·Ù·) ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ·fi ‰È¿Û·ÚÙ˜ ‚Ï·Ù›‰Â˜ Î·È Ê˘Û·Ï›‰Â˜ ‰È·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘ ~5mm ÂÚ˘ıÚfiÊ·ÈÔ˘ ¯ÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ (∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1). ŸÏ˜ ÔÈ ‚Ï¿‚˜ ‰ÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÔÌÔÈfiÌÔÚʘ, ·ÏÏ¿ ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙·Ó Ù¿ÛË ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷ΋˜ ÂͤÏΈÛ˘ Ì ÂÊÂÏÎȉÔÔ›ËÛË. OÈ ÈÔ ·ÏȤ˜ ‚Ï¿‚˜ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Û ·Ô‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÂÁη٤ÏÂÈ·Ó ÌÂÏ·Á¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÎËÏ›‰Â˜ ‰È·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘ 2-5 mm. OÈ ÛÙÔÌ·ÙÈÎÔ› ‚ÏÂÓÓÔÁfiÓÔÈ ‹Ù·Ó ÂχıÂÚÔÈ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ. ¶Ï‹Ú˘ ·ÈÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ Î·È ‚ÈÔ¯ËÌÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÔÚ›ˆÓ ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ·˘ÍË̤Ó˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ÙˆÓ Ë·ÙÈÎÒÓ ÂÓ˙‡ÌˆÓ (AST 164 U/L Î·È ALT 130 U/L, Ì º∆ ̤¯ÚÈ 30U/L). O ÏÔÈfi˜ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Ë·ÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ (¯ÔÏÂÚ˘ıÚ›ÓË, ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÊfiÚËÛË ÏÂ˘ÎˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ËÎÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜). §fiÁˆ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ Â˘Ú‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÁÈ· Û˘ÁÁÂÓ›˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ (HBV, HCV, HSV1, HSV2, EBV, CMV) Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ·¤‚Ë ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfi˜. ∏ ‡·ÚÍË ıÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÛËÌ›Ԣ Darier, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ‹È·˜ ÙÔÈ΋˜ ÎÓȉˆÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·Û˘ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi Ì˯·ÓÈÎfi ÂÚÂıÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ‚Ï¿‚˘ ¤ıÂÛ ÙËÓ ˘fiÓÔÈ· Ì·ÛÙÔ·ÙÙˆÛ˘. ∏ ‚ÈÔ„›· fï˜ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ‚Ï¿‚˘ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ‰È‹ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ıËÏÒ‰Ô˘˜ ¯ÔÚ›Ô˘ ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ Î·È ÌÂÙÚ›Ô˘ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ Ì ·ÚÎÂÙfi

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 2. EÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË ‰È‹ıËÛË ·fi ÓÂÊÚÔÂȉ‹ ÈÛÙÈÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· ηٿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÚÌÔÂȉÂÚÌÈÎÔ‡ ÔÚ›Ô˘ (∏ + ∂ x 10).

419

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·420

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:418-421

΢ÙÙ·ÚfiÏ·ÛÌ· Î·È ˘Ú‹Ó˜ ÛÙÚoÁÁ˘ÏÔ‡˜, ÂÈÌ‹ÎÂȘ Î·È Û·ÓÈfiÙÂÚ· Ì ÓÂÊÚÔÂȉ¤˜ ‹ ÏÔ‚ˆÙfi Û¯‹Ì· (∂ÈÎfiÓ· 2). ∞ÓÔÛÔ˚ÛÙÔ¯ËÌÈο ˘‹Ú¯Â ıÂÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÛÙËÓ S-100 ÚˆÙ½ÓË. ∏ ·ıÔÏÔÁÔ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ‹Ù·Ó Û˘Ì‚·Ù‹ Ì πÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans (Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, LCH). ŒÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌfi ‹ ÌË Ù˘ ÁÂÓÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ·¤‚Ë ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfi˜ (ÔÊı·ÏÌÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË, ·ÎÙÈÓÔÁڷʛ˜ ÎÚ·Ó›Ô˘, Ì·ÎÚÒÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ, ˘¤Ú˯ÔÈ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ Î·È ‚ÈÔ„›· Ì˘ÂÏÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ). §fiÁˆ ÌË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ ıˆڋıËΠÛÎfiÈÌÔ Ó· ÌËÓ ‰Ôı› η̛· ·ÁˆÁ‹. ∏ ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ ‹Ù·Ó ¿ÚÈÛÙË. ∂ÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈ΋ ÂÍ·Ê¿ÓÈÛË ÙˆÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ Î·È ÛÙ·‰È·Î‹ ÙÒÛË ÙˆÓ ÙÚ·ÓÛ·ÌÈÓ·ÛÒÓ. ™Â ËÏÈΛ· 4 ÌËÓÒÓ fiϘ ÔÈ ‚Ï¿‚˜ ›¯·Ó ˘Ô¯ˆÚ‹ÛÂÈ Î·È ÔÈ ÙÚ·ÓÛ·ÌÈÓ¿Û˜ ·ÔηٷÛÙ¿ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi. ª¤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 12 ÌËÓÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ˘‹ÚÍ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Ó¤ˆÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ. ∏ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋ Î·È „˘¯ÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÂÍÂÏÈÛÛfiÙ·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο. ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ™ÙÔ ·ÚÂÏıfiÓ, Ë ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans (Langerhans cell Histiocytosis, LCH), ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· ÁÓˆÛÙ‹ Î·È Û·Ó πÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË Ã, ÂÚÈÂÏ¿Ì‚·Ó ÙÚÂȘ ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ˜: ·) ÙË ÓfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ Hand-Schüller-Christian, ‚) ÙË ÓfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ LettererSiwe Î·È Á) ÙÔ ËˆÛÈÓfiÊÈÏÔ ÎÔÎΛˆÌ·. ∆Ș ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ·Ó·ıˆڋıËΠ·˘Ù‹ Ë Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ· Ì ¢ڇ Ê¿ÛÌ· ÂΉËÏÒÛˆÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ Ì ÙËÓ ›‰È· ¿ÓÙ· ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹, ÙËÓ ˘ÂÚÏ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ΢ÙÙ¿ÚÔ˘ Langerhans. °È· ÚÔÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÈÚÂ›Ù·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹, fiÔ˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ·, ÔÈ ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤Ó˜ ‹ Ù· ÔÛÙ¿, Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÎÙÂٷ̤ÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ fiÔ˘ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÛÏ·Á¯ÓÈ΋ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Ì ‹ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÔÚÁ·ÓÈ΋ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· (3,4). ∏ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌË πÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans (Congenital Self-Healing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, CSHLCH) ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ì›· ‰È·ÎÚÈÙ‹ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ· ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˘ ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛ˘. ∆Ô 1973 ÔÈ Hashimoto Î·È Pritzker (1) ÚˆÙÔÂÚȤÁÚ·„·Ó ¤Ó· Ê·ÈÓÔÌÂÓÈο ˘ÁȤ˜ ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ηıÔÏÈÎfi ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ·fi ÂÚ˘ıÚfiÊ·È· ‰È·ÎÚÈÙ¿ Ô˙›‰È·, Ù· ÔÔ›· ˘ÔÛÙÚ¿ÊËÎ·Ó ·˘ÙfiÌ·Ù· ÂÓÙfi˜ 5 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ, ·Ê‹ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ·ÙÚÔÊÈΤ˜ Ô˘Ï¤˜. ∏ ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ÙˆÓ Ô˙ȉ›ˆÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Langerhans. ∏ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘ÔÙÚÔ›·Û Û ̷ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË 14 ÂÙÒÓ. ∞fi ÙÔ 1973 ¤ˆ˜ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ‰ËÌÔÛȇÙËÎ·Ó ÛÔÚ·‰ÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ CSHLCH ÛÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· (1,2,5-7). ∆· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Û fiϘ ÙȘ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛÙË ‰È΋ Ì·˜, Â›Ó·È ÎÔÈÓ¿:

420

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

1) ¢ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·Ù¿ ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ‹ ÛÙË ÓÂÔÁÓÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ·. OÈ ‚Ï¿‚˜ Û˘Ó›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ·fi ¤Ó· Ì›ÁÌ· ·fi ÎËÏ›‰Â˜, ‚Ï·Ù›‰Â˜, Ê˘Û·Ï›‰Â˜ ‹ Ô˙›‰È· Î·È Â›Ó·È ‰È¿Û·ÚÙ˜ Û fiÏÔ ÙÔ ÛÒÌ·. Œ¯Ô˘Ó Ù¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷ΋ ÂÊÂÏÎȉÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È fiÙ·Ó ˘ÔÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·È ·Ê‹ÓÔ˘Ó ÌÂÏ·Á¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÎËÏ›‰Â˜ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ˘ÁȤ˜ ‰¤ÚÌ·.

2) ŒÓ· Ê·ÈÓÔÌÂÓÈο ˘ÁȤ˜ ÓÂÔÁÓfi-‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Û˘Ìو̷ÙÔÏÔÁ›·.

3) ∞˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ˘ÔÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙˆÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ Û ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· 1-3 ÌËÓÒÓ Î·È Û·Ó›ˆ˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ˘ ÚÒÙÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜.

4) πÛÙÔ·ıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‚‚·›ˆÛË Ù˘ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛ˘. °È· ÙË Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ÓÔÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ· (CSHLCH) ·ÚΛ Ë ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÙˆÓ Ù˘ÈÎÒÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Langerhans ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ıÂÙÈ΋ ¯ÚÒÛË Ì ÙËÓ S-100 ÚˆÙ½ÓË (2). ™Â fiϘ ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ Ù›ıÂÙ·È Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË CSHLCH Ú¤ÂÈ ¿ÓÙ· Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÁÈ· ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌfi Â͈‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹˜ (‹·Ú - ÛÏ‹Ó·˜ - Ì˘ÂÏfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ - ÏÂÌÊ·‰¤Ó˜ ÔÛÙ¿). ™ÙËÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì·˜ Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ·¤‚Ë ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfi˜. ∏ ̤ÙÚÈ· ÙÚ·ÓÛ·ÌÈÓ·Û·ÈÌ›· Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË Ë·ÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÁÈ·Ù› ·ÊÂÓfi˜ ÌÂÓ ‹Ù·Ó ·ÚÔ‰È΋ Î·È ·ÊÂÙ¤ÚÔ˘, ‰ÂÓ Û˘Óԉ¢fiÙ·Ó ·fi Ë·ÙÔÌÂÁ·Ï›· Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ Î‡ÚÈ· ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË Ë·ÙÈ΋˜ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ (3,4). ∂ÈÚfiÛıÂÙ·, Ë ÌÈÎÚ‹ ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â η̛· ¤Ó‰ÂÈÍË Ë·ÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ٷ ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ Lahey (3,4). ¶·ÚÔ‰È΋ ÙÚ·ÓÛ·ÌÈÓ·Û·ÈÌ›·, ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ‹È· Ë·ÙÔÌÂÁ·Ï›·, ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËÎÂ Î·È Û ¿ÏϘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ‚ÚÂÊÒÓ Ì CSHLCH Î·È ˘Ô¯ˆÚÔ‡Û Ì ÙËÓ ‡ÊÂÛË ÙˆÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ (1). ∏ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Î·È ÙË Û˘Ó‡·ÚÍË ıÂÙÈ΋˜ ÁÈ· LCH ‚ÈÔ„›·˜ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜. ™ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È fiÏ· Ù· Ê˘Û·ÏȉԂϷÙÈ‰Ò‰Ë ÁÂÓÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó· ÂÍ·Óı‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ÓÂÔÁÓÈ΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ (ÙÔÍÈÎfi ÂÚ‡ıËÌ·, Ïԛ̈ÍË ·fi ·Ïfi ¤ÚËÙ· ‹ ·ÓÂÌ¢ÏÔÁÈ¿, Ì·ÛÙÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË). §fiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚËÙfiÌÔÚÊÔ˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÂÍ·Óı‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Û ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ ¤ÁÈÓ ·Ú¯Èο Î·È Tzanck test ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Â›Ó·È Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÂ Ê˘Û·Ïȉ҉ÂȘ Î·È ÂÏΈÙÈΤ˜ ‚Ï¿‚˜. ∏ ÂͤٷÛË ·˘Ù‹, ·ÓÙ› ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÔÏ˘‡ÚËÓˆÓ ÁÈÁ·ÓÙÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Ô˘ ·Ó¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÂÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ, ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„Â Ù˘Èο ÈÛÙÈÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· (2,7). ŒÙÛÈ, ¤¯ÂÈ ÚÔÙ·ı› Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ Tzanck test Û·Ó ¤Ó· ÚÒÈÌÔ Ì¤ÛÔ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ (7). ÀÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ·˘ÙÔ˚¿ÛÈÌ˘ ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛ˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ù›ıÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Î¿ı ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜ Ì ÂÚËÙfiÌÔÚÊÔ ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ·. ∆¤ÙÔÈ·˜ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ÂÍ¿ÓıËÌ· Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿ Û CSHLCH ·’ fi,ÙÈ Û ÂÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÏÔÈÌÒÍÂȘ (7).

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∏ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ LCH ÛÙËÓ ÚÒÈÌË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ· Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ˘Ô‰ËÏÒÓÂÈ Î·Î‹ ÚfiÁÓˆÛË. ŸÌˆ˜, Ô ·˘Í·ÓfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ CSHLCH ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Ù˘ ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛ˘ ·fi ·ÙÙ·Ú· Langerhans ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· Û¯ÂÙÈο ηϋ ÚfiÁÓˆÛË. ¶·Ú’ fiÏ· ·˘Ù¿, Ë ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ˘Ô¯ÒÚËÛË ÙˆÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÈ ÙËÓ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ˘ÔÙÚÔ‹˜ ÛÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ· ‹ Û ¿ÏÏ· fiÚÁ·Ó·. ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÌÂÌÔӈ̤Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú¯È΋ ÂÍ·Ê¿ÓÈÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ, ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ¤Ó· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÂχıÂÚÔ Û˘Ìو̿وÓ, Â·ÓÂÌÊ·Ó›ÛÙËÎ·Ó ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ ‹ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ·fi ¿ÏÏÔ fiÚÁ·ÓÔ (2). ∏ ¿ÚÈÛÙË ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ì·˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ËÏÈΛ·˜ Ù˘, ‰ÂÓ Ì·˜ ÂÊËÛ˘¯¿˙ÂÈ ÂÂȉ‹ Ë Û˘Ó¯‹˜ Ì·ÎÚÔ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÚÒÈÌË ·Ó›¯Ó¢ÛË ˘ÔÙÚÔ‹˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘.

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

3. Egeler RM, D’Angio GJ. Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Pediatr 1995;127:1-11.

4. Sullivan SL, Woda BA. Lymphohistiocytic Disorders. In: Nathan DG, Orkin SH, eds. Haematology of Infancy and Childhood, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company.

1998:1359-1380.

5. Herman LE, Rothman KF, Harawi S, Conzalez-Serva A. Congenital Self-Healing Reticulohistiocytosis. A new entity in the differential diagnosis of neonatal papulovesicular eruptions. Arch Dermatol 1990;126:210-212.

6. Schaumburg-Lever G, Rechowicz E, Fehrenbacher B, Moller H, Nau P. Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis - A benign Langerhans cell disease. J Cutan Pathol 1994;21:59-66.

7. Fontanez FC, Eichenfield LF, Krous HF, Friedlander SF. Congenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis: The utility of the Tzanck test as a diagnostic screening tool. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1039-1040.

µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. ∏ashimoto K, Bale GF, Hawkins HK, Langston C, Pritzker MS. Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis (Hashimoto-Pritzker Type). Int J Dermatol 1986;25:516-523.

2. Longaker MA, Frieden IJ, LeBoit PE, Sherertz EF. Congenital «self-healing» Langerhans cell histiocytosis: The need for long-term follow-up. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:910-916.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 02-05-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 07-09-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ÷ڛÛË ª¿Úı· ¡. ¶·ÙÛÈÌ¿‰Ë 3, 452 21, πˆ¿ÓÓÈÓ·

°Ï˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·ÛË T‡Ô˘ II (ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Pompe): N¤· ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË Û ŒÏÏËÓ· ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì ÙË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ EϤÓË MȯÂϷοÎË1, EÈÚ‹ÓË M·˘Ú›‰Ô˘1, Monique Hermans2, X·Ú¿ §¿ÛηÚË3, M·Ú›· KÔ˘ÚÎÔ˘Ï‹3, Arnold Reuser2 ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: H ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·ÛË Ù‡Ô˘ II ‹ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Pompe (Mc Kusick 23 2300) Â›Ó·È ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈÎfi ÓfiÛËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ˘ Ô˘ ÌÂÙ·‚È‚¿˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ ˘ÔÏÂÈfiÌÂÓÔ ·˘ÙÔۈ̷ÙÈÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú·. OÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ˘ÔÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ Ï˘ÛÔÛˆÌÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ fiÍÈÓË ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿ÛË. ¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ì ŒÏÏËÓ· ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì ÙË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ·Ó¢ڤıË ÌÈ· Ó¤· ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË. H ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË ‹Ù·Ó Ì›· T→C ÌÂÙ¿ÙˆÛË ÛÙË ı¤ÛË cDNA 1214 Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈηıÈÛÙ¿ ÙË §Â˘Î›ÓË ÛÙÔ Îˆ‰ÈÎfiÓÈÔ 405 ·fi Ì›· ¶ÚÔÏ›ÓË. H ·ÏÏ·Á‹ ·˘Ù‹ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ·Ó·ÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÈ ÙË ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ˆÚ›Ì·ÓÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÓ˙˘ÌÈ΋˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ Î·È Ô‰ËÁ› Û ۯ‰fiÓ ÌˉÂÓÈ΋ ÂÓ˙˘ÌÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ™˘Á¯ÚfiÓˆ˜, Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔÛÊ¿ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ÁÂÓÂÙÈÎfi ˘fi‚·ıÚÔ Ù˘ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋˜ ÂÙÂÚÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙȘ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:421-426. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ÓfiÛÔ˜ Pompe, ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ¿ÍÂȘ, ıÂÚ·›·.

H. Michelakakis, I. Mavridou, M. Hermans, H. Laskari, M. Kourkouli, A. Reusser. Glycogen storage disease type II (Pompe's disease): New mutation in a Greek infant. Paediatriki 2000;63:421-426. ● Abstract: Glycogen storage disease type II or Pompe's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of glycogen metabolism due to the deficiency of the lysosomal acid a-glucosidase. We present the case of a

421

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EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

Greek patient with the infantile type of the disease in whom a new mutation was identified. The mutation, a T→C transition at position cDNA 1214, leads to a Leu405Pro substitution that affects the maturation process in the life cycle of the enzyme, leading to practically absent enzymatic activity. The current developments on the genetic basis of the clinical heterogeneity of the disorder, as well as on therapeutic intervention are reviewed.

Key words: Pompe’s disease, mutations, therapy.

EÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ H ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·ÛË Ù‡Ô˘ II ‹ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Pompe (Mc Kusick 23 2300) Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÈο ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ˘. E›Ó·È Ë ÌfiÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·Û˘ Ô˘ ·ԉ‰ÂÈÁ̤ӷ ·Ó‹ÎÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÔÌ¿‰· ÙˆÓ ·ıÚÔÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ Ï˘ÛÔÛˆÌÈ·ÎÒÓ ÓÔÛËÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÂ›Ù·È Ì ÙÔÓ ˘ÔÏÂÈfiÌÂÓÔ ·˘ÙÔۈ̷ÙÈÎfi ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· ÎÈ ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘. TÔ ¤Ó˙˘ÌÔ ·˘Ùfi ηٷχÂÈ ÙËÓ ˘‰ÚfiÏ˘ÛË ‰È·‰Ô¯ÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÚ›ˆÓ ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘ ·fi ÙÔ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÂÓ‰ÔÏ˘ÛÔÛˆÌȷο, Û·Ó ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ·˘ÙÔÊ·Á›·˜ ‹/Î·È ÂÓ‰Ô΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛ˘ (1).

KÏÈÓÈο Ë ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÈ ¤Ó· Ê¿ÛÌ· Ê·ÈÓÔÙ‡ˆÓ Ô˘ ‰È·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ¤Ó·Ú͢ ÙˆÓ Û˘Ìو̿وÓ, ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ Ù·¯‡ÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÂͤÏÈ͢ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (2). H ϤÔÓ ‚·ÚÈ¿ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Â›Ó·È Ë ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ Ô˘ ÚˆÙÔÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ Pompe (3). H ϤÔÓ ‹È· Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ Ì ËÏÈΛ· ¤Ó·Ú͢ ÙË ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ˆ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ¤ÎÙË ‰ÂηÂÙ›· ˙ˆ‹˜ Î·È Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù· Ô˘ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛÎÂÏÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ̇˜ (4). MÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ·ÎÚ·›ˆÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ ÌÔÚÊÒÓ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Ì›· ÂÙÂÚÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ÔÌ¿‰· Ì ËÏÈΛ· ¤Ó·Ú͢ ÙËÓ ·È‰È΋, Î·È ÚÔÂÍ¿Ú¯Ô˘Û· ÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÎÂÏÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ̇˜, Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ηډȷ΋ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Î·È ÂͤÏÈÍË Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÈÔ ·ÚÁ‹ ·fi ·˘Ù‹ Ù˘ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋˜ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜. ™Â fiϘ ÙȘ ÌÔÚʤ˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ Û ηÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ ÈÓÔ‚Ï·ÛÙÒÓ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹/Î·È ‚ÈÔ„›· Ì˘fi˜ (5).

TÔ ÁÔÓ›‰ÈÔ Ô˘ Έ‰ÈÎÔÔÈ› ÙË Û‡ÓıÂÛË Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Ï‹Úˆ˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛı› (6).

M¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi 50 ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ¿ÍÂȘ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ÙË ÓfiÛÔ Î·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔÈ ·fi 30 Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ› ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÈÛÌÔ› [htt//www.eur.nl/FGG/GH1/pompe] Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Ù˘ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋˜ ÂÙÂÚÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÎÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰ÒÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛ˘ ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ ÛÙȘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·Û¯fiÓÙˆÓ. ¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ì ŒÏÏËÓ· ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì ÙË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ·Ó¢ڤıË Ó¤·, ÌË ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê›۷ ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË, Ë ÔÔ›· Î·È ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËΠ۠Â›Â‰Ô ÂÓ˙˘ÌÈ΋˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘.

422

¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ 4 ÌËÓÒÓ Ô˘ ·Ú·¤ÌÊıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ ·È‰›·ÙÚfi ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ·ÓÂ·ÚÎÔ‡˜ ÚfiÛÏ˄˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜. E›Ó·È ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ·È‰› Ê·ÈÓÔÙ˘Èο ˘ÁÈÒÓ ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó Û˘ÁÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ·ÏÏ¿ ηٿÁÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ¯ˆÚÈfi Ù˘ E‡‚ÔÈ·˜. °ÂÓÓ‹ıËΠÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓË Î‡ËÛË Ì ηÈÛ·ÚÈ΋ ÙÔÌ‹ ÏfiÁˆ ÌË ÂÌ¤‰ˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÌ‚Ú‡Ô˘. T· ۈ̷ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÔÚ›ˆÓ Î·È Ë ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÔÌ·Ï‹. ™Ù·‰È·Î¿, ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠÙˆÙÈ΋ ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ηÌ‡Ï˘ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó οو ·fi ÙËÓ 3Ë E£. ¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚıËΠfiÙÈ ÂÚÈÔ‰Èο ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·, ΢ڛˆ˜ ηٿ ÙË Û›ÙÈÛË Î·È ÙÔ ÎÏ¿Ì·.

K·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹, ÙÔ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ‰˘ÛÙÚÔÊ›·, ÂÏ·ÊÚ¿ ˘ÔÙÔÓ›·, ˆ¯ÚfiÙËÙ· ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, Ë·ÙÔÌÂÁ·Ï›· (~5cm) Î·È ‚˘ıÈfiÙËÙ· ηډȷÎÒÓ ÙfiÓˆÓ. O ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ·Ó·ÈÌ›· (Hb=10,5 g/dl) Î·È ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÚ·ÓÛ·ÌÈÓ·ÛÒÓ (SGOT 350 mg/dl; SGPT 191 mg/dl). O ηډÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ηډÈÔÌ˘Ô¿ıÂÈ·˜ Î·È Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ˘ÂÚÙÚÔÊ›· Î·È ‰È¿Ù·ÛË Ù˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ˘ÂÚÙÚÔÊ›· Ù˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜. XÔÚËÁ‹ıËΠÊÔ˘ÚÔÛÂÌ›‰Ë, ÛÂÈÚÔÓÔÏ·ÎÙfiÓË Î·È ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ‰·ÎÙ˘Ï›Ùȉ·. T· ·Ú·¿Óˆ Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Î·È Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ Ë Ì˘ÔηډÈÔ¿ıÂÈ·, Ë Ë·ÙÔ¿ıÂÈ· Î·È Ë ˘ÔÙÔÓ›· ¤ıÂÛ·Ó ÙËÓ ˘fiÓÔÈ· ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ÓÔÛ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·Û˘ II (ÓfiÛÔ˜ Pompe) ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ ÂÏ‹ÊıË ‚ÈÔ„›· ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· ÈÓÔ‚Ï·ÛÙÒÓ Î·È Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘.

MÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰fi ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ÚÔÛÂÚ¯fiÙ·Ó ÁÈ· Â·ÓÂͤٷÛË ·Ú¯Èο ·Ó¿ 20‹ÌÂÚÔ Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıˆ˜ ·Ó¿ ‰›ÌËÓÔ. ™ÙÔ˘˜ Â·ÓÂϤÁ¯Ô˘˜ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠÂȉ›ӈÛË Ù˘ ‰˘ÛÙÚÔÊ›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ˘ÔÙÔÓ›·˜, Â›Ù·ÛË Ù˘ ΢¿ÓˆÛ˘, Ô˘ ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿ ¤ÁÈÓ ÌfiÓÈÌË, ÛÙ·‰È·Î‹ Âȉ›ӈÛË Ù˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·˜-Ù·¯‡ÓÔÈ·˜, ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹ Ù˘ ‚˘ıÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ Î·Ú‰È·ÎÒÓ ÙfiÓˆÓ, ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹ Ù˘ Ë·ÙÔÌÂÁ·Ï›·˜ ÛÙ· ›‰È· Â›‰· Î·È ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÌÂÌÔÓˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ ˘ÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ Î˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ˆ˜ 39ÔC ηٿ ÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰· ˙ˆ‹˜. EÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷο ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠÂȉ›ӈÛË Ù˘ Ë·ÙÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ (ÛÙËÓ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·423

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:421-426

SGOT: 662mg/dl, SGPT: 314mg/dl). H ηډȷ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛÂ Û˘Ó¯‹ Âȉ›ӈÛË, Ô˘ Û˘Ó‰˘·˙fiÙ·Ó Ì ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ‰È¿Ù·ÛË Ù˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹˜ ÎÔÈÏ›·˜, ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ ¿¯Ô˜ ÙÔȯˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Ôχ ÂÏ·Ùو̤ÓË Û˘ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. MÂÙ¿ ·fi 11 Ì‹Ó˜ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ ÙÔ Ó‹ÈÔ Î·Ù¤ÏËÍ Û ËÏÈΛ· 15 ÌËÓÒÓ.

M¤ıÔ‰ÔÈ K·ÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ ÈÓÔ‚Ï·ÛÙÒÓ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎ·Ó ·fi ‚ÈÔ„›· ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û ıÚÂÙÈÎfi ˘ÁÚfi RPMI 1640 ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ì 15% ÔÚfi ÂÌ‚Ú‡Ô˘ ‚Ôfi˜ Î·È ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈο Û ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ· 5% CO2 -95% ·¤Ú· Î·È ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· 37ÔC. OÈ ÈÓÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙ˜ Û˘ÏϤ¯ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÙÚ˘„›ÓË/EDTA, Ù· ·ÙÙ·Ú· χıËÎ·Ó ‰‡Ô ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ì PBS Î·È Ù· È˙‹Ì·Ù· ·ÔıË·ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ -20ÔC. H ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠ̠ٷ ˘ÔÛÙÚÒÌ·Ù· 4-ÌÂı˘ÏÔÔ˘ÌÂÏ›ÊÂÚÔ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙›‰ÈÔ (4MU·Glu) Î·È ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ (7). MÂϤÙ˜ ¤ÎÊÚ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÁÔÓȉ›Ô˘ Û COS ·ÙÙ·Ú·, ·ÓÔÛÔÙ‡ˆÛË Î·Ù¿ Western Î·È Û‹Ì·ÓÛË Ù˘ ÂÓ˙˘ÌÈ΋˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ Ì 35SÌÂıÂÈÔÓ›ÓË ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ÙˆÓ Reuser Î·È Û˘Ó (8) Î·È Hermans et al (9). °ÂÓÔÌÈÎfi DNA ·ÔÌÔÓÒıËΠ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÈÓÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙ˜ Ì ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ÚÔ˘Ù›Ó·˜, RNA ·ÔÌÔÓÒıËΠ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ·ÓÙȉڷÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ RNAZOL Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ηٷÛ΢·ÛÙ‹ (Tel-Test USA). cDNA ·Ú·Û΢¿ÛıËΠ·fi 1mg RNA ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ Transcript Preamplification System TM Î·È ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıˆ˜ 100ng Ù˘¯·›Ô˘˜ ÂÍ·ÌÂÚ›˜ ÂÎÎÈÓËÙ¤˜ Û ÙÂÏÈÎfi fiÁÎÔ 20Ìl (Gibco BRL). TÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ ÙÔ˘ cDNA Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ¿ÛıËΠ̠ÙËÓ ·Ï˘ÛȉˆÙ‹ ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚ¿Û˘ (PCR) Î·È ÙËÓ ¯Ú‹ÛË 6 ˙¢ÁÒÓ ÂÎÎÈÓËÙÒÓ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Û˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈÎÔ› Î·È Î¿Ï˘Ù·Ó ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏÔ Ù˘ ·ÏÏËÏÔ˘¯›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÔÓȉ›Ô˘. T· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ PCR ηı·Ú›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ì ÙÔ kit ηı·ÚÈÛÌÔ‡ QIAquick PCR Ù˘ Quiagen. O ηıÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ ·ÏÏËÏÔ˘¯›·˜ ÙˆÓ Î·ı·ÚÈÛı¤ÓÙˆÓ ÚÔ˚fiÓÙˆÓ PCR ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ABI Prism TM Dye Primer Cycle Sequencing Reaction Kit Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ÚˆÙfiÎÔÏÏÔ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·Û΢·ÛÙÒÓ (Perkin-Elmer) Î·È ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ÙˆÓ Hermans et al (9).

O ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi˜ ÁÂÓÔÌÈÎÔ‡ DNA ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô PCR Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂȉÈÎÒÓ ÂÎÎÈÓËÙÒÓ Û˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ·˙fiÌÂÓˆÓ Î·È ÌË-ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ·˙fiÌÂÓˆÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÁÔÓȉ›Ô˘ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ Î·È Ë ·ÏÏËÏÔ˘¯›· ÙˆÓ ÚÔ˚fiÓÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ PCR ÌÂÏÂÙ‹ıËΠۇÌʈӷ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Kroos et al (10) Î·È Beesley et al (11).

AÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· H ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Pompe ÛÙËÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì·˜ ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒıËΠ̠ÙËÓ ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ¯·ÌËÏ‹˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ Û ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· ÈÓÔ‚Ï·ÛÙÒÓ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ ˘fiÛÙڈ̷ 4MU·Glu.

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

H ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚË ÙÔ˘ 0,2% Ù˘ ̤Û˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÙÈÌ‹˜ (·ÛıÂÓ‹˜: 0,04 nmoles/mg ÚˆÙÂ˚Ó˘/min, ÙÈ̤˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜: 1,2, 1,4, 1,6, 0,5, 1,0 nmoles/mg ÚˆÙ½Ó˘/hr) ÂÓÒ Ë ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ‚-Á·Ï·ÎÙÔÛȉ¿Û˘, Ë ÔÔ›· ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ù˘¯fiÓ ·‰Ú·ÓÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜, ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙ· Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο Â›‰· (·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ 335 nmoles/mg ÚˆÙ½Ó˘/hr, ÙÈ̤˜ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜: 298, 386, 212, 220, 288 nmoles/mg ÚˆÙ½Ó˘/hr).

H ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘ ·ÏÏËÏÔ˘¯›·˜ ÙÔ˘ cDNA Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÓÔÌÈÎÔ‡ DNA Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙËÓ ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„Ë Ì›·˜ ÌfiÓÔ ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·Í˘ Î·È Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ Ù˘ T →C ÌÂÙ¿ÙˆÛ˘ ÛÙË ı¤ÛË 1214 ÙÔ˘ cDNA. H ÚˆÙÔÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓË ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ Ï¢ΛÓ˘ ÛÙÔ Îˆ‰ÈÎfiÓÈÔ 405 ·fi Ì›· ÚÔÏ›ÓË. MÂϤÙË ÙˆÓ ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ˆ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÊÔÚ›˜ Ù˘ ›‰È·˜ ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·Í˘ ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÔÌÔ˙˘ÁˆÙ›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ (™¯‹Ì· 1).

H ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË ÂÈÛ‹¯ıË ÛÙÔ cDNA ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ Î·È ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛıËΠ۠·ÙÙ·Ú· COS. H ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ·Á̤ÓË ÚˆÙ½ÓË Â›¯Â ÌˉÂÓÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ˘‰ÚfiÏ˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ 4MU·Glu ˘ÔÛÙÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È 0,9% Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ˘‰ÚfiÏ˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ˘, Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ˘fiÛÙڈ̷ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘.

H ·ÓÔÛÔÙ‡ˆÛË Î·Ù¿ Western ¤‰ÂÈÍ ÙËÓ Û‡ÓıÂÛË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ Ù˘ Úfi‰ÚÔÌ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘, ÌÔÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ 110kDa, ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÌÈÎÚ‹˜ ÔÛfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ÂӉȿÌÂÛ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ 95kDa Î·È ·Ô˘Û›· Ù˘ ÒÚÈÌ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ ÌÔÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ 76kDa. H ÂÍˆÎ˘ÙÙ·ÚÈο ·ÂÎÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓË ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ·Á̤ÓË ÚˆÙ½ÓË ‹Ù·Ó ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˘ ÌÔÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜. (™¯‹Ì· 2). ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË H ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÙÂÚÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁÔÓ›·Û˘ II ‹ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ Pompe ¤ÁÈÓ ÂÌÊ·Ó‹˜ ‹‰Ë ·fi ÙÔ 1965, Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Ù·˘ÙÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÚˆÙÔÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ˘ÔÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ï˘ÛÔÛˆÌÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ (1).

™¯‹Ì· 1. H ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔ˘¯›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÔÓȉ›Ô˘ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘.

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™¯‹Ì· 2. H Â›ÙˆÛË Ù˘ ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·Í˘ Leu405Pro ÛÙË ‚ÈÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛË Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘.

H Û‹Ì·ÓÛË Ù˘ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ ¤ÁÈÓ Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛı‹ÎË 35SÌÂıÂÈÔÓ›Ó˘ ÛÙÔ ıÚÂÙÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi (3 ÒÚ˜) Î·È Ë ÂΉ›ˆÍË ÁÈ· 3 ÒÚ˜ (·ÙÙ·Ú·) Î·È 16 ÒÚ˜ (ıÚÂÙÈÎfi ˘ÏÈÎfi). Leu: Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ Ù‡Ô˜, Pro: ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ·Á̤ÓÔ˜ Ù‡Ô˜, M: „¢‰ÔÌÂÙ·ÁˆÁ‹ OÈ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ› Ê·ÈÓfiÙ˘ÔÈ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘, Ë ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋, Ë ·È‰È΋ Î·È Ë ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ ‰È·Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ¤Ó·Ú͢ ÙˆÓ Û˘Ìو̿وÓ, ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ÙˆÓ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ, ÙËÓ Ù·¯‡ÙËÙ· ÂͤÏÈ͢ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË (2).

H ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÌÊ·ÓÈÛı› ˆ˜ ‰‡Ô ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌ·. H ÎÏ·ÛÛÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ô˘ ÚˆÙÔÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ Pompe Â›Ó·È Ë ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó‹. T· Û˘ÌÙÒÌ·Ù¿ Ù˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ ηډÈÔÌÂÁ·Ï›·, Ë ¤ÓÙÔÓË ˘ÔÙÔÓ›·, Ë Ù·¯¤ˆ˜ ÂȉÂÈÓÔ‡ÌÂÓË ·‰˘Ó·Ì›·, Ë Ì·ÎÚÔÁψÛÛ›· Î·È Ë Ë·ÙÔÌÂÁ·Ï›·. ™˘¯Ó¿ ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Êı¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ÏfiÁˆ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›·˜ ÛÙËÓ Û›ÙÈÛË Î·È ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·˜.

H ÂͤÏÈÍË Â›Ó·È Ù·¯Â›· Î·È ÔÈ ¿Û¯ÔÓÙ˜ ηٷϋÁÔ˘Ó Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ̤۷ ÛÙÔÓ 1Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÏfiÁˆ ηډÈÔ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜ (1). Afi ÙË ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· Â›Ó·È Û·Ê¤˜ ˆ˜ Û ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ Ì ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ 6 Ì‹Ó˜ ˙ˆ‹˜, Ë Î‡ÚÈ· ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ·fi ÙÔ Ì˘˚Îfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Î·È Ó· ·Ô˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë Î·Ú‰ÈÔÌÂÁ·Ï›· (4,12). º·›ÓÂÙ·È ‰Â ˆ˜ Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Î·Ú‰ÈÔÌÂÁ·Ï›·˜ Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ¤Ó·Ú͢ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÙˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÈÔ Û¿ÓÈ· ÛÙȘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ËÏÈ˘. H Ë·ÙÔÌÂÁ·Ï›· Î·È Ë Ì·ÎÚÔÁψÛÛ›· Â›Ó·È ÈÔ Û¿ÓȘ ÛÙË ÌË ÎÏ·ÛÛÈ΋ ·' fi,ÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏ·ÛÛÈ΋ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÂÓÒ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜, ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ηٷϋÁÔ˘Ó ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔ 2Ô ¤ÙÔ˜ Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜. E›Û˘, Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ˆ˜ Â›Ó·È ÈÔ Û¿ÓÈ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÏ·ÛÈ΋ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋, ›Ûˆ˜ ÁÈ·Ù› ÔÈ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È fiÙÈ ¿Û¯Ô˘Ó ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù· fiˆ˜ Ë WerdnigHoffmann ‹ οÔÈ· ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈ΋ Ì˘˚΋ ‰˘ÛÙÚÔÊ›·.

H ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ì·˜ Î·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· Ë ‡·ÚÍË Î·Ú‰ÈÔÌ˘Ô¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Ù¿ÛÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ

424

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

ÎÏ·ÛÛÈ΋ ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Pompe.

H Ï˘ÛÔÛˆÌȷ΋ fiÍÈÓË ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿ÛË Â˘Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÈÛÙÔ‡˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÈÓÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙ˜, Ù· ·ÌÓÈÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, ÙËÓ ÙÚÔÊÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙË, Ù· ÏÂÌÊÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· Î·È Ù· Ô‡Ú· (1). ¶·ÚfiÏÔ Ô˘ Ù· Ï¢ÎÔ·ÙÙ·Ú· Î·È Ù· Ô‡Ú· ı· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Û·Ó ÌÈ· ‡ÎÔÏ· ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌË ËÁ‹ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘, Ë ‡·ÚÍË ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÊÚÈÎÔ‡ ÈÛÔÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô Ù· ηıÈÛÙ¿ ·Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÔÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ì ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ÚÔ˘Ù›Ó·˜. ŒÙÛÈ, Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÌÔÚ› Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Â‡ÎÔÏ· ÎÈ ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙ· Û ÈÓÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙ˜ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹ Û ‚ÈÔ„›· Ì˘fi˜ (13).

H fiÍÈÓË ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿ÛË Û˘ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ·‰Úfi ÂÓ‰ÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi ‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Î·È ˘Ê›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÂÎÙÂÓ›˜ ÌÂÙ·ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÙÚÔÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ ÙfiÛÔ ÛÙÔ ÚˆÙÂ˚ÓÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔۉ‰Â̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÔÏÈÁÔ۷ί·Ú›Ù˜. H Úfi‰ÚÔÌË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘, ÌÔÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ 110kDa, Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·Ï˘ÙÈο ·ÓÂÓÂÚÁ‹ Î·È ÂÚȤ¯ÂÈ ¤Ó· ÛËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÈÎfi ÂÙ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ·ÔÎfiÙÂÙ·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÚ›Ô˘ ‰È· ̤ÛÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÏ·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÈÎÙ‡Ô˘. AÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ ÚˆÙÂÔÏ˘ÙÈ΋ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÚ›Ô˘ Ô˘ Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÌÔÚÊÒÓ ÌÔÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ 95, 76 Î·È 70kDa, fiÔ˘ ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ·ÚȘ ÒÚÈ̘ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘. H ÚˆÙÂÔÏ˘ÙÈ΋ ‰ÈÂÚÁ·Û›· Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ¯ÒÚ· Û fi„ÈÌ· ÂÓ‰ÔÛÒÌ·Ù· ‹/Î·È Ï˘ÛÔۈ̿ÙÈ· Î·È Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË Î·Ù·Ï˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰Ú¿Û˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ˘‰ÚfiÏ˘Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ˘ (14). TÔ ÌfiÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ Úfi‰ÚÔÌË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚȤ¯ÂÈ 7 ÛËÌ›· ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙˘Ï›ˆÛ˘ ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ÚÔÛ‰¤ÓÔÓÙ·È ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜ ۷ί¿ÚˆÓ ÂÓÒ ÛÙȘ ÒÚÈ̘ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¤¯ÂÈ 5 (76kDa) Î·È 4 (70kDa) ·Ï˘Û›‰Â˜ ۷ί¿ÚˆÓ, ‰‡Ô ÂÎ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ʈÛÊfiÚÔ ÚÔۉ‰Â̤ÓÔ Û ÙÂÚÌ·ÙÈο ÌfiÚÈ· Ì·ÓÓfi˙˘. AÓ·ÛÙÔÏ‹ Ù˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙˘Ï›ˆÛ˘ ηıÈÛÙ¿ ÙÔ ÌfiÚÈÔ ·ÛÙ·ı¤˜ Î·È ·Ó·ÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰Ô΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ (15). BÈÔ¯ËÌÈΤ˜ Î·È ·ÓÔÛÔ¯ËÌÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ Û ¿Û¯ÔÓÙ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰Â›ÍÂÈ ÙËÓ ‡·ÚÍË ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ ÛÙË Û‡ÓıÂÛË, ʈÛÊÔÚ˘Ï›ˆÛË Î·È ˆÚ›Ì·ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ (7,16,17).

TÔ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ ÁÔÓ›‰ÈÔ Ù˘ fiÍÈÓ˘ ·-ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙ȉ¿Û˘ ‹ GAA ¤¯ÂÈ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ·ÊËı› ÛÙË ı¤ÛË 17q25,2q25,3. AÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ~28kb ÔÚÁ·ÓˆÌ¤Ó˜ Û 20 ÂÍÒÓÈ· (6). M¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê› ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi 50 ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ¿ÍÂȘ [htp:/www.eur.nl/FGG/GH1/pompe] Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ Û‡ÓıÂÛË, ÙËÓ ˆÚ›Ì·ÓÛË, ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰Ô΢ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋ ÌÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ Î·È ÙËÓ Î·Ù·Ï˘ÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÂÓ˙˘ÌÈ΋˜ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ Î·È ¤‰ˆÛ·Ó ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛ˘ ÁÔÓfiÙ˘Ô˘-Ê·ÈÓfiÙ˘Ô˘ (9,18-21). H ÚˆÙÔÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓË ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ì·˜ ›¯Â ˆ˜ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙÈ΋ Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ Î·Ù·Ï˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘, ÙfiÛÔ ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ÌË-Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ˘fiÛÙڈ̷ 4MU·Glu, fiÛÔ Î·È ÚÔ˜

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ÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ˘fiÛÙڈ̷ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ. TÔ ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· ‹Ù·Ó Èı·Ófiٷٷ ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹˜ Ù˘ ˆÚ›Ì·ÓÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘, ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ Ë ÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ·ÍË ‰ÂÓ ÂËÚ¤·Û ÙËÓ Û‡ÓıÂÛË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÔÛÔ‡ Ù˘ Úfi‰ÚÔÌ˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘. TÔ ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚÔ ÌÔÚÈ·Îfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Ù˘ ÌÂÙ·ÏÏ·Á̤Ó˘ ÚˆÙ½Ó˘ ÂÍˆÎ˘ÙÙ·ÚÈο, Èı·ÓÒ˜ Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙË ÁÏ˘ÎÔ˙˘Ï›ˆÛË Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÚˆÙ½ÓË.

H ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ·Ó‡ÚÂÛ˘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÈÎÒÓ ÛËÌ›ˆÓ, ÔÏÏ¿ ÂÎ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ Â›Ó·È "ȉȈÙÈο", οÓÔ˘Ó ‰‡ÛÎÔÏË ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ÚÔ˘Ù›Ó·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó›¯Ó¢ÛË ·ıÔÁfiÓˆÓ ÌÂÙ·ÏϿ͈Ó.

O ÚÔÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Â‡ÎÔÏ· ÙÔ 1Ô ÙÚ›ÌËÓÔ Ù˘ ·ËÛ˘ Ì ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Û ÙÚÔÊÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙË. H ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ·˘Ù‹ ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛıËΠÛÙË ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ÂÁ΢ÌÔÛ‡ÓË Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ì·˜ ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·.

EÓı·ÚÚ˘ÓÙÈο Â›Ó·È Ù· Ó¤· ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ıÂÚ·›·˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ŒÙÛÈ, in vitro ÂÈÚ¿Ì·Ù· ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÔÓȉ›Ô˘ GAA Û ÈÓÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙ˜ Î·È Ì˘˚ο ·ÙÙ·Ú· ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈ¤‰ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Ô˘ ¤Êı·ÛÂ Î·È ÙÔ 20Ï¿ÛÈÔ Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, ÔÌ·ÏÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÁΤÓÙÚˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ˘, ÂÍ·Ê¿ÓÈÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·fi Ù· Ï˘ÛÔÛÒÌ·Ù· Î·È ·¤ÎÎÚÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Û˘Ó‰˘·Ṳ̂ÓÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ (23). T· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ·˘Ù¿ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÂÏ›‰Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÁÔÓȉȷ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ◊‰Ë fï˜, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ÂͤÏÈÍË ÌÂϤÙË ˘ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ (º¿ÛË II). TÔ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ·Ó·Û˘Ó‰˘·Ṳ̂ÓÔ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓÔ ¤Ó˙˘ÌÔ ·Ú¿ÁÂÙ·È Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÔÛfiÙËÙ˜ (>2g/lt) ÛÙÔ Á¿Ï· ‰È·ÁÔÓȉȷÎÒÓ ÎÔ˘ÓÂÏÈÒÓ Î·È ¯ÔÚËÁÂ›Ù·È ÂÓ‰ÔÊϤ‚È· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜. AÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÂÈÚ¿Ì·Ù· Û ÂÈÚ·Ì·ÙÈο ÌÔÓ٤Ϸ ÔÓÙÈÎÈÒÓ Ì ÔÏÈ΋ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÙÔ˘ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ (knock out models) ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó ˆ˜ ÙÔ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ ¤Ó˙˘ÌÔ ÚÔÛÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ Î·Ú‰È¿ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ̇˜, ÂȉÈÔÚıÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÓ‰ÔÏ˘ÛÔÛˆÌȷ΋ ¿ıÚÔÈÛË ÁÏ˘ÎÔÁfiÓÔ˘ Î·È ÌÂÈÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙˆÓ ÈÛÙÒÓ (24,25).

BÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Hirschhorn R. Glycogen Storage Disease Type II: Acid aGlucosidase (Acid Maltase) Deficiency. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D. eds. The metabolic and molecular basis of inherited disease. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill;1995. p. 2443-2465.

2. Engel AG, Gomez MR, Seybold ME, Lambert EH. The spectrum and diagnosis of acid maltase deficiency.

Neurology 1973;23:95-100.

3. Pompe JC. Over idiopatische hypertrophie van het hart.

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1932; 76:304-311.

4. Engel AG, Hirshhorn R. Acid maltase deficiency. In Engel AG, Franzini-Armstrong C, eds. Myology: Basic and Clinical. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 1533-1553.

5. Mehler M, DiMauro S. Residual acid maltase activity in

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late-onset acid maltase deficiency. Neurology 1977; 27:178-184.

Hoefsloot LH, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, Reuser AJ, Oostra BA. Characterization of the human lysosomal aglucosidase gene. Biochem J 1990;272:493-497.

Reuser AJJ, Koster JF, Hoogeveen A, Galjaard H. Biochemical, immunological and cell genetic studies in glycogenosis II. Am J Hum Genet. 1978;30:132-143.

Reuser AJJ, Kroos M. Willemsen R, Swallow D, Tager JM, Galjaard H. Clinical diversity in glycogenosis type II. Biosynthesis and in situ localization of acid alphaglucosidase in mutant fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 1987; 79:1689-1699.

Hermans MMP, Kroos MA, Smeitnik JAM, van der Ploeg AT, Kleijer WJ and Reuser AJJ. Glycogen storage disease type II: Genetic and biochemical analysis of novel mutation in infantile patients from Turkish ancestry. Hum Mut 1998;11:209-215.

Kroos M, Waitfield AE, Josse M, Winchester B, Reuser AJJ, McDermot KD. A novel acid a-glucosidase mutation identified in a Pakistani family with glycogen storage disease type II. J Inher Metab Dis 1997;20:556-558.

Beesley CE, Child AH and Yacoub MH: The identification of five novel mutations in the lysosomal acid a-(1,4) glucosidase gene from patients with glycogen storage disease type II. Hum Mut 1998; 11:413.

Hers HG: Alpha-glucosidase deficiency in generalized glycogen-storage disease (Pompe's Disease). Biochem J 1963; 86:11-16.

Galjaard H. Genetic Metabolic Diseases. Early diagnosis and prenatal analysis. Elsevier/North-Holland 1980:64-68.

Wisselaar HA, Kroos MA, Hermans MMP, van Beenmen J, Reuser AJJ. Structural and functional changes of lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase during intracellular transport and maturation. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:22232232.

Hermans MMP, Wisselaar HA, Kroos MA, Oostra BA, Reuser AJJ. Human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase.

Functional characterization of the glycosylation sites.

Biochem J 1993;289:681-686.

Reuser AJ, Kroos M, Onde Elferink RP, Tager JM. Defects in synthesis, phosphorylation and maturation of acid alpha-glucosidase in glycogenosis type II. Biol Chem 1985;260:8336-8341.

Steckel F, Gieselmann V, Waheed A, Hasilik A, von Figura K. Oude Elferink R et al. Biosynthesis of acid alphaglucosidase in late-onset forms of glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease) FEBS Lett 1982;150:69-76.

Hermans MMP, de Graaft E, Kroos MA, Mohkamsing S, Eussen BJ, Joose M et al. The effect of a single base pair deletion (¢T525) and a C1634T missense mutation (pro545leu) on the expression of lysosomal a-glucosidase in patients with glycogen storage disease type II. Hum Mol Genet 1994;3:2213-2218.

Boerkoel CF, Exelbert R, Nicastri C, Nichols RC, Miller FW, Plotz PH, et al. Leaky splicing mutation in the acid maltase gene is associated with delayed onset of glycogenosis type II. Am J Hum Genet 1995;56:887-897.

Kroos MA. Van der Kraan M, Van Diggelen OP, Kleijer WJ

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and Reuser AJJ. Two extremes of the clinical spectrum of glycogen storage disease type II in one family. A matter of genotype. Hum Mut 1997;9:17-22.

21. Hermans MMP, Kroos MA, de Graaf E, Oostra BA, Reuser AJ. Two mutations affecting the transport and maturation of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in an adult case of glycogen storage disease type II.. Hum Mut 1993;2:268-273.

22. Nicolino MP, Puech JP, Kremer EJ, Reuser AJJ, Mbebi C, Verdiere-Sahuque M, et al. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of the acid a-glucosidase gene into fibroblasts, myoblasts and myotubes from patients with glycogen storage disease type II leads to high level of expression of enzyme and corrects glycogen accumulation. Hum Mol Genet 1998;7:1695-1702.

23. Van der Ploeg AT, Van der Hout H, Reuser A, Bijvoet A, van Hirtun H, Kroos M. A phase II clinical trial of enzyme

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

replacement therapy for glycogen storage disease type II. [Abstract]. 12th Workshop European Study Group on Lysosomal Diseases; 1999. p. 41.

24. Bijvoet A, Van Hirtun H, Kroos MA, Van de Kamp EHM, Schoneveld O, Visser P et al. Human acid a-glucosidase from rabbit milk has therapeutic effect on mice with glycogen storage disease type II. Hum Molec Genet 1999;8:2145-2153.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 14-04-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 07-06-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ¢Ú. E. MȯÂϷοÎË ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË EÓ˙˘ÌÔÏÔÁ›·˜ Î·È K˘ÙÙ·ÚÈ΋˜ §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ IÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ YÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰ÈÔ‡, NÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ¶·›‰ˆÓ "AÁ›· ™ÔÊ›·", 11527 °Ô˘‰›, Aı‹Ó·

ƒ·¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙË ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D - ∆‡Ô˘ π ¢ÈÔÓ‡ÛÈÔ˜ ∫·Ú·Î·˚‰fi˜, ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ∑ÒÛË, ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ∆ÛÈÏÈ‚¿ÎÔ˜, °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∫·ÓÈ¿Ú˘, °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∆ÛfiÏ·˜, ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ ∫·Ú‹˜ ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜ 6,5 ÌËÓÒÓ Ì ڷ¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙË µÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D (‚ÈÙ D) Ù‡Ô˘ π. ∏ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔÚÈ˙fiÙ·Ó Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÚfiÛıÈ· ËÁ‹ ÂÓÒ ·fi ÙÔÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ›¯·ÌÂ Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ı‹ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌÔ‡ ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ 25 O∏ ‚ÈÙ D, ¯·ÌËÏ‹ ÙÈÌ‹ 1,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÓÂÊÚÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·. ∏ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË 1,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D ›¯Â ¿ÌÂÛË ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË Ì ηٷگ‹Ó ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÒÓ Â˘ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. °›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Ù˘ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙÔÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D, ÙËÓ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË, ÙË Ú‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ¿˜ Ù˘, fiˆ˜ Î·È Ù· ÓÂÒÙÂÚ· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÁfiÓÔ˘ Ô˘ ÂϤÁ¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ Ù˘. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:426-429. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË, Ú·¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙË ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D- Ù‡Ô˘ π.

D. Karakaidos, P. Zosi, D. Tsilivakos, G. Kaniaris, G.Tsolas, C. Karis. Vitamin D dependent RicketsType I. Paediatriki 2000;63:426-429. ● Abstract: A case of a 6ó month old girl with Vitamin D dependent Rickets Type I is reported. The clinical presentation of the disease was limited only to a large frontal fontanel, while laboratory investigation was consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism with normal levels of 25 OH vitamin D, decreased levels of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D and normal renal function. Administration of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D resulted in an immediate response and normalization of the pathologic laboratory values. A review of the literature regarding the metabolism of vitamin D, modulation of 1a-hydroxylase activity, as well as the current developments in genemapping of this disorder, are presented.

Key words: 1a-hydroxylase, vitamin D dependent rickets type I.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ƒ·¯›Ùȉ· ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘Ì ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ·ÓÂÈÙ˘¯‹ ÂÈÌÂÙ¿ÏψÛË ÙÔ˘ ÔÛÙÂÔÂȉԇ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·Ù˘ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ˘ ÔÛÙÔ‡ Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ¶ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂÈ·Îfi °ÂÓÈÎfi ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ¡Èη›·˜- ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿ «∞Á. ¶·ÓÙÂÏ‹̈ӻ - ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋

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¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· (ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÚfiÛıÈ· ËÁ‹, ηı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË Û‡ÁÎÏÂÈÛ˘, ÎÚ·ÓÈfiÊıÈÛË, Ú·¯ÈÙÈÎfi ÎÔÌ‚ÔÏfiÁÈÔ, ·ÚÙˆÛË Ì·ÎÚÒÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ, ÎÏ.). ¶·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ· Ë Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚË ·ÈÙ›· Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ¤ÏÏÂÈ-

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„Ë ‚ÈÙ D ›Ù ÏfiÁˆ ÌÂȈ̤Ó˘ ÚfiÛÏ˄˘ ̤ۈ ÙÚÔÊÒÓ, ›Ù ÏfiÁˆ ·ÓÂ·ÚÎÔ‡˜ ÂÎı¤Ûˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ËÏȷ΋ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›· (1,2). ∏ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓıËÎÒÓ ‰È·‚›ˆÛ˘ Î·È ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ÛÙȘ ·ÓÂÙ˘Á̤Ó˜ ¯ÒÚ˜ ÂÚÈfiÚÈÛ ÙËÓ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÎÏ·ÛÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÚÊÒÓ Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ (1) Î·È ¤Î·Ó ·Ó·ÏÔÁÈο Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ˜ Û¿ÓȘ ÌÔÚʤ˜ fiˆ˜ ÔÈ Ú·¯›Ùȉ˜ ÔÈ ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ D Ù‡Ô˘ π Î·È ππ. ¶·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜ Ì ڷ¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ D Ù‡Ô˘ π. ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ £‹Ï˘ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ 6,5 ÌËÓÒÓ ÂÈÛ¿ÁÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ì·˜ ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ·Ó·ÊÂÚÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ‰È·ÚÚÔ˚ÎÒÓ ÎÂÓÒÛÂˆÓ ·fi ÌËÓfi˜. ∆Ô ·È‰› Â›Ó·È πÚ·ÎÈÓ‹˜ ηٷÁˆÁ‹˜, ÁÂÓÓË̤ÓÔ ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÙÔÎÂÙfi ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓÔ Î‡ËÛË ÛÙÔ πÚ¿Î Î·È ‹Ïı ÛÙËÓ ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜ Û ËÏÈΛ· 5,5 ÌËÓÒÓ. ∞ӷʤÚÂÙ·È ÌÈÎÚfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È ·ÎÚÈ‚‹ ÛÙÔȯ›·. ∞fi ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙÔ ·È‰› ÛÈÙ›˙ÂÙ·È Ì ÌËÙÚÈÎfi ıËÏ·ÛÌfi ÂÓÒ Û ËÏÈΛ· 6 ÌËÓÒÓ ÚÔÛÙ¤ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙË ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹ Îڤ̘ ‰ËÌËÙÚÈ·ÎÒÓ Î·È ÊÚÔ‡ÙˆÓ. ™Â ËÏÈΛ· 3 ÌËÓÒÓ ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È ÂÌ‡ÚÂÙÔ ÂÂÈÛfi‰ÈÔ ÌÂ Û˘Ìو̷ÙÔÏÔÁ›· ·fi ÙÔ ·ÓÒÙÂÚÔ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈÎfi.

OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡, Ê·ÈÓÔÙ˘Èο ˘ÁÈ›˜, ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ¯·ÌËÏfi ·Ó¿ÛÙËÌ·: ·Ù¤Ú·˜ 161 cm, ÌËÙ¤Ú· 148 cm. O ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ·‰ÂÚÊfi˜ Â›Ó·È Ê·ÈÓÔÙ˘Èο ˘ÁÈ‹˜ Ì ‡„Ô˜ Î·È ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ 25Ë ÂηÙÔÛÙÈ·›· ı¤ÛË. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ì·˜ ÙÔ ·È‰› ‹Ù·Ó Û ηϋ ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÛËÌ›· ·Ê˘‰¿ÙˆÛ˘. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË, Ë ÚfiÛıÈ· ËÁ‹ ‹Ù·Ó ¢ÌÂÁ¤ı˘ - ÌË ÚÔ¤¯Ô˘Û· ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ 6x4 cm. H „˘¯ÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ ÂͤÏÈÍË ‹Ù·Ó Û˘Ì‚·Ù‹ Ì ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙÔ˘ (µ™=6070 gr (5-10 ∂£) ª™=59 cm (<3Ë ∂£) ¶∫=42 cm (50Ë ∂£)).

O ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıÔ˜: Ht=30,3%, Hb=9,9 g/dl, MCV=65 fl, MCH=21,5 pg, RDW=16,7%, WBC=11000/mmÑ (¶=28%, §=67%, ª=5%) PLT=360000/mmÑ, ºÂÚÈÙ›ÓË=44,73 ng/ml, TKE=30 mm/1h CRP=10,7 mg/L, Na=142 mEq/L, K=4,2 mEq/L, Ca=10 mg/dl, P=3,1 mg/dl, Mg=2 mg/dl, ALP=921 U/L, Cl=107 mEq/L, SGOT=41 U/L, SGPT=27 U/L, O˘Ú›·=7 mg/dl, ∫Ú·ÙÈÓ›ÓË=0,3 mg/dl, Î/· ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜= ÛÙ›ڷ, Î/· Ô‡ÚˆÓ= ÛÙ›ڷ, Î/· ÎÔÚ¿ÓˆÓ= Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ¯ÏˆÚ›‰·, §Â˘Î¿ ÎÔÚ¿ÓˆÓ= Û¿ÓÈ·, °ÂÓÈ΋ Ô‡ÚˆÓ= ΛÙÚÈÓ·-‰È·˘Á‹, ∂µ=1010, Û¿ÓÈ· ÂÚ˘ıÚ¿, Û¿ÓÈ· ˘ÔÛÊ·›ÚÈ·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ì·˜ ÙÔ ·È‰› ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙ 2-3 ÎÂÓÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ 24ˆÚÔ ËÌÈÛ¯ËÌ·ÙÈṲ̂Ó˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÚfiÛÌÈÍË ‚ϤÓÓ˘ ·fiÏ˘Ù· Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ Ô˘ ‰È·ÙÚ¤ÊÂÙ·È Ì ÌËÙÚÈÎfi ıËÏ·ÛÌfi. À¤Ú ·˘ÙÔ‡ Û˘ÓËÁÔÚ› Î·È Ô ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfi˜ ÂÚÁ·-

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜. ∏ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÚfiÛıÈ· ËÁ‹, Ë ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ALP, Ô ¯·ÌËÏfi˜ P, ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÙË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Ë·ÙÈ΋ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·, Ì·˜ ¤Î·Ó·Ó Ó· ÂÂÎÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ì·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÏÂ˘Ú¿ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Ca, P Ì ٷ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·: PTH=248 pg/ml (10-65) OÛÙÂÔηÏÛ›ÓË=11,9 ng/ml (2,4-10) 25 (O∏) µÈÙ D3=21,9 ng/ml (14-42) 1,25 (OH)2 µÈÙ D3=14,8 pg/ml (25-45) OÛÙ¿ÛË=262 Ìg/l (¤ˆ˜ 22,5) ƒ∏ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ô‡ÚˆÓ:Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο ∆3=219 ng/dl (60-220) T4=11,4 Ìg/dl (4,5-12,5) TSH=3,2 ÌIU/ml (0,3-4) πÔÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ca=1,11 mmol/L (1,12-1,3) cAmp Ô‡ÚˆÓ=12,2 nmol/ml (1,6-6,2) OH-ÚÔÏ›ÓË Ô‡ÚˆÓ 24ÒÚÔ˘=121 mg/l (5-25) ∞ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· Ì·ÎÚÒÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ: ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó‹ ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ™˘ÏÏÔÁ‹ Ô‡ÚˆÓ 24ÒÚÔ˘ ÁÈ· Ca, P, Na, K, ∫Ú·ÙÈÓ›ÓË, O˘Ú›·, O˘ÚÈÎfi Ô͇: ÂÓÙfi˜ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÔÚ›ˆÓ ∞ÌÈÓfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ô‡ÚˆÓ: ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÀÂÚ˯ÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ÓÂÊÚÒÓ: ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ·È‰› ÚÔÛʇÁˆÓ Ô˘ ‰È·‚ÈÔ‡Ó Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ‰˘ÛÌÂÓ›˜ Û˘Óı‹Î˜, ÙÔ fiÙÈ ÛÈÙÈ˙fiÙ·Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÒÙÔ˘˜ 6 Ì‹Ó˜ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÙÈο Ì ÌËÙÚÈÎfi ıËÏ·ÛÌfi Ì·˜ ¤Î·Ó ӷ ÈÛÙ‡ԢÌ ·Ú¯Èο fiÙÈ ÂÚfiÎÂÈÙÔ ÁÈ· ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ‚ÈÙ·Ì›Ó˘ D, ÛÈÙÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›·˜. ∏ ·Ú¯È΋ Ì·˜ ÛΤ„Ë ·ÓÂÙÚ¿Ë ·fi Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ô˘ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÙÈÌ‹ 25(O∏)‚ÈÙ D3. ∆· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ıÔ‡˜ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌÔ‡ (¯·ÌËÏfi ÈÔÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ Ca, ¯·ÌËÏfi˜ P, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË PTH, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ALP, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÔÛÙ¿ÛË, ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ cAMP, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË O∏ ÚÔÏ›ÓË Ô‡ÚˆÓ) Ë Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÙÈÌ‹ 25-O∏ ‚ÈÙ D3, Ë ¯·ÌËÏ‹ ÙÈÌ‹ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D3 ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÙËÓ ·Ô˘Û›· ÓÂÊÚÈ΋˜ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (Ô˘Ú›·- ÎÚ·ÙÈÓ›ÓË: ÎÊ, ˘ÂÚ˯ÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ÓÂÊÚÒÓ: ÎÊ, ·ÌÈÓfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· Ô‡ÚˆÓ: ÎÊ, ·Ô‚ÔÏ‹ P-O˘ÚÈÎÔ‡ ÔͤԘ: ÎÊ) ÙÂÎÌËÚÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙË ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D Ù‡Ô˘ π. ∏ ÌË ÂÌÊ·Ó‹˜ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ ÏËÓ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ù˘ ÚfiÛıÈ·˜ ËÁ‹˜ Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÌÈÎÚ‹ ËÏÈΛ· ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÌÂÚÈ΋ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë Ù˘ 1,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D. ∆Ô ·È‰› ÂÙ¤ıË Û ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ì 1,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D3 (Calcitriol Roche 0,25 Ìg/24h) ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Ù· ‚ÈÔ¯ËÌÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ‹Ù·Ó ÂÏ·ÊÚÒ˜ ‚ÂÏÙȈ̤ӷ Èı·ÓfiÓ ÏfiÁˆ Ù˘ ηχÙÂÚ˘ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ (ALP=588 U/L,

427

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·428

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:426-429

Ca=10,6 mg/dl, P=4,6 mg/dl). ∂ÓÒ 2 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ·ÁˆÁ‹˜ ›¯·Ì ۷ʋ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ‚ÈÔ¯ËÌÈÎÒÓ Â˘ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ (Ca=10,5 mg/dl, P=5,7 mg/dl, ALP=387 U/L) ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ˘ ·ÁˆÁ‹˜. ∆· ۈ̷ÙÔÌÂÙÚÈο ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ‹Ù·Ó µ™=6650 (5-10Ë∂£), ª™=63 cm (3Ë ∂£), ¶∫=42,5 cm (50Ë ∂£). ∆Ô ¯·ÌËÏfi ·Ó¿ÛÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Èı·Ófiٷٷ Â›Ó·È ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ‰˘ÛÙÚÔÊ›·˜ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË Î·Ù¿ 4 cm/Ì‹Ó· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Â·Ú΋ Û›ÙÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜. O ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ˘ÔÏÔ›ˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ Â›Ó·È Ô ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıÔ˜: ¶·Ù¤Ú·˜: Ca=9,5 mg/dl, P=3,8 mg/dl, ALP=81 U/L, O˘Ú›·=35- Cr=0,8 mg/dl ªËÙ¤Ú·: Ca=9,2 mg/dl, P=4,4 mg/dl, ALP=163 U/L, O˘Ú›·=32- Cr=0,8 mg/dl ∞‰ÂÚÊfi˜: Ca=10 mg/dl, P=5,1 mg/dl, ALP=252 U/L, O˘Ú›·=26- Cr=0,4 mg/dl ∏ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ fiˆ˜ Î·È Ô ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÙˆÓ ˘ÔÏÔ›ˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ‰ÈÂÎfiË ÏfiÁˆ ÌÂÙ·Ó·ÛÙ‡Ûˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Û ¯ÒÚ· ÙÔ˘ Â͈ÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡. ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ∏ ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D Â›Ó·È Ì›ÁÌ· Ô˘ÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ ¯ËÌÈο ÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ì ÙË ¯ÔÏËÛÙÂÚfiÏË: ·) Ë ‚ÈÙ D2 ‹ ÂÚÁÔηÏÛÈÊÂÚfiÏË ·Ú¿ÁÂÙ·È Ì ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚fiÏËÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÁÔÛÙÂÚfiÏ˘ Î·È ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ·ÊıÔÓ›· ÛÙË Ê‡ÛË (ȉ›ˆ˜ ÛÙ· ȯı˘¤Ï·È·) ‚) Ë ‚ÈÙ D3 ‹ ¯ÔÏËηÏÛÈÊÂÚfiÏË Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‰¤ÚÌ· ·fi ÙËÓ 7 ‰Â¸‰ÚÔ¯ÔÏËÛÙÂÚfiÏË Ì ÙËÓ Â›‰Ú·ÛË Ù˘ ˘ÂÚÈÒ‰Ô˘˜ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›·˜ (2). ∆fiÛÔ Ë ‚ÈÙ D2 fiÛÔ Î·È D3 ̤ۈ ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÙÔ¯ÔÓ‰ÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ 25 ˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË ÌÂÙ·ÙÚ¤ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ ‹·Ú Û 25(O∏) ‚ÈÙ D. ™ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÓÂÊÚÔ‡˜ Ì ÙË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· Ù˘ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ ˘Ê›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ ÙÚÔÔÔ›ËÛË Û 1,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È ÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D. ∏ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙ· ÌÈÙÔ¯fiÓ‰ÚÈ· ÙˆÓ ÓÂÊÚÈÎÒÓ ÛˆÏËÓ·Ú›ˆÓ Î·È Â›Ó·È ÛÙÂÓ¿ Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Ì ÙÔ Î˘Ùfi¯ÚˆÌ· ƒ-450. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ÓÂÊÚÔ‡˜ Â›Û˘, ̤ۈ ÂÓfi˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘ ÌÈÙÔ¯ÔÓ‰ÚÈ·ÎÔ‡ ÂÓ˙‡ÌÔ˘ Ù˘ 24-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Û ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÔ‹ Ù˘ 25(O∏) ‚ÈÙ D ÛÙËÓ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈ΋ 24,25 (O∏) ‚ÈÙ D (1-3). H ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ Ù˘ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D Ú˘ıÌ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·Û‚ÂÛÙ›Ô˘ (Ca), ÙÔ˘ ʈÛÊfiÚÔ˘ (ƒ), Ù˘ ·Ú·ıÔÚÌfiÓ˘ (ƒ∆∏), ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÙËÓ 1,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D, fiˆ˜ Â›Û˘ Î·È ·fi ¿ÏϘ ÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ›˜ ÔÚÌfiÓ˜-·Ó‰ÚÔÁfiÓ· (4). ªÂȈ̤ÓÔ Ca, ÌÂȈ̤ÓÔ˜ ƒ, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ƒ∆∏, ÌÂȈ̤ÓË 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙËÓ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ Ca, ·˘ÍË̤ÓÔ˜ ƒ, ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ƒ∆∏, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D ÂÏ·ÙÙÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘, ·˘Í¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘

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EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

24- ˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ Î·È ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û·Ó ÙÂÏÈÎfi ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D Î·È ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ Ù˘ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈ΋˜ 24,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D. ∏ ·Ï›Ó‰ÚÔÌË ·ÏÏËÏÔÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D Èı·Ófiٷٷ ·ÛÎÂ›Ù·È Ì¤Ûˆ ÙˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D (‚ÈÙ DBP)(5) ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ˘fiÏÔÈÔÈ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ‰ÚÔ˘Ó Ì¤Ûˆ Ù˘ ÎÚ·ÙÔʈÛÊÔÎÈÓ¿Û˘-∞, Ù˘ ÎÚ·ÙÔʈÛÊÔÎÈÓ¿Û˘-µ, ÙÔ˘ cAMP ‹ Î·È Ì ·¢ı›·˜ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÙˆÓ ÈfiÓÙˆÓ Ca (3). °ÂÓÂÙÈο ηıÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ‹ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘, ¤¯ÂÈ Û·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÔÓÙfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘Ì ڷ¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ D Ù‡Ô˘ π Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο ‹ ·˘ÍË̤ӷ Â›‰· 25(O∏) ‚ÈÙ D Î·È ÌÂȈ̤ӷ Â›‰· 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D. ∏ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D ·ÛΛ ÙË ‚ÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ì¤Ûˆ ÂȉÈÎÒÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ (‚ÈÙ DTP) ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÈÛÙÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜: ÓÂÊÚÔ›, ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ, ÔÛÙÂÔ‚Ï¿ÛÙ˜, ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉ›˜, ÓËÛȉȷο ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÎÚ¤·ÙÔ˜, ·ÙÙ·Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÂÁÎÂÊ¿ÏÔ˘ ÎÏ. °ÂÓÂÙÈο ηıÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ‹ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfi ¤ÏÏÂÈÌÌ· ÙˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ·ÚÈÎÒÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D Ô‰ËÁ› Û ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ 1,25 (O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D ·Ú¿ Ù· ·˘ÍË̤ӷ Â›‰· Ù˘, ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÔÓÔÌ¿˙Ô˘Ì ڷ¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D Ù‡Ô˘ ππ. ∫·È ÔÈ ‰‡Ô Ù‡ÔÈ Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓ˘ ·fi ÙË ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ì ÙÔÓ ·˘ÙÔÛˆÌÈÎfi ˘ÔÏÂÈfiÌÂÓÔ Ù‡Ô (1,6). ∏ ·ÓÙÈÚ·¯ÈÙÈ΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D Û˘Ó›ÛÙ·Ù·È ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛË ÙÔ˘ Ca, P ·fi ÙÔ ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ, ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Â·Ó·ÚÚfiÊËÛË ÙÔ˘ ƒ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÓÂÊÚÔ‡˜, fiˆ˜ Â›Û˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·¢ı›·˜ ‰Ú¿ÛË ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÌÂÙ¿ÏψÛË ÙˆÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ. ª·˙› Ì ÙËÓ ƒ∆∏ Î·È ÙËÓ Î·ÏÛÈÙÔÓ›ÓË ¤¯ÂÈ Î‡ÚÈÔ ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙËÓ ÔÌÔÈfiÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ca Î·È ÙÔ˘ ƒ. ∏ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ‰Ú¿Û˘ Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D ÚÔηÏ› ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ı‹ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌfi Ì ٷ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· (·˘ÍË̤ÓË ALP, ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ƒ∆∏, Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ‹ ÌÂȈ̤ÓÔ Ca, ÂÏ·Ùو̤ÓÔ˜ ƒ). ™ÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 1 ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó Ú·¯›Ùȉ· Î·È ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ı‹ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌfi, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 2 ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ì ڷ¯›Ùȉ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ı‹ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌfi (1). ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1. ∞›ÙÈ· Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ Ì ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ı‹ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌfi 1. ŒÏÏÂÈ„Ë ‚ÈÙ D - ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ¤ÎıÂÛË ÛÙËÓ ËÏȷ΋ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›· - ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ÚfiÛÏË„Ë Ì¤Ûˆ ÙÚÔÊÒÓ 2. ¢˘Û·ÔÚÚfiÊËÛË Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D 3. ∏·ÙÈ΋ ÓfiÛÔ˜ 4. ∞ÓÙÈÂÈÏËÙÈο Ê¿Ú̷η 5. ¡ÂÊÚÈ΋ OÛÙÂÔ‰˘ÛÙÚÔÊ›· 6. ƒ·¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ D Ù‡Ô˘ π 7. ƒ·¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ D Ù‡Ô˘ ππ

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¶›Ó·Î·˜ 2. ∞›ÙÈ· Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ı‹ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌfi 1. ™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ÚˆÙÔ·ı‹˜ ˘ÔʈÛÊÔÚ·ÈÌ›· 2. ™‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Fanconi - ΢ÛÙ›ÓˆÛË, Ù˘ÚÔÛ›ÓˆÛË, Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Lowe, Â›ÎÙËÙÔ 3. ¡ÂÊÚÈ΋ ÛˆÏËÓ·Úȷ΋ ÔͤˆÛË Ù‡Ô˘ ππ 4. ∂Ï·Ùو̤ÓË ÚfiÛÏË„Ë ƒ 5. ÀÔʈÛÊ·Ù·Û·ÈÌ›·

™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ‹ Ì·˜ ÙÔ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi ‡ÚËÌ· ‹Ù·Ó Ë ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ALP. ∞‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ALP ¤¯Ô˘Ì Û ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ì ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÔÛÙÂÔ‚Ï·ÛÙÈ΋ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· (Paget, ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌfi˜, ÔÛÙÂÔ̷ϷΛ·, ÔÛÙÂÔ‚Ï·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÌÂÙ·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ, Ó·ڋ ËÏÈΛ·), Û ·ı‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‹·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ¯ÔÏËÊfiÚˆÓ, ÛÙËÓ Î‡ËÛË ÏfiÁˆ ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Ù˘ ·fi ÙÔÓ Ï·ÎÔ‡ÓÙ·, ÂÓÒ Û¿ÓÈ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È Î·È È‰ÈÔ·ı‹˜ (7). ∏ Û˘Ó¤¯ÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ì·˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ Ë ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ALP ‹Ù·Ó ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ıÔ‡˜ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌÔ‡, ÂÓÒ Â›¯·ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÙÈÌ‹ 25 O∏ ‚ÈÙ D Ì ÂÏ·Ùو̤ÓË ÙÈÌ‹ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D. ªÂȈ̤Ó˜ ÙÈ̤˜ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D ¤¯Ô˘ÌÂ: ·) ÛÙËÓ ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÔ‡ÌÂÓË ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ 1·- ˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ (Ú·¯›Ùȉ· ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓË ·fi ÙË ‚ÈÙ·Ì›ÓË D Ù‡Ô˘ π), ‚) Û ÓfiÛÔ˘˜ Ì ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÊÚÈÎÔ‡ ·ÚÂÁ¯‡Ì·ÙÔ˜, Á) ·ı‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÊÚÈÎÒÓ ÛˆÏËÓ·Ú›ˆÓ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·ÓÂ·Ú΋˜ Ú‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ Î·È ‰ÂÓ Û˘Óԉ‡ÔÓÙ·È ·fi ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔ·ı‹ ˘ÂÚ·Ú·ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉÈÛÌfi (1,2), ‰) ¿ÙÔÌ· Ô˘ ¿Û¯Ô˘Ó ·fi HIV ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÂÏ·Ùو̤Ó˜ ÙÈ̤˜ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÂÏ·Ùو̤Ó˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ‚ÈÙ D(8).

O ¤ÏÂÁ¯fi˜ Ì·˜ ·¤ÎÏÂÈÛ ÙfiÛÔ ÓfiÛÔ Ì ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÊÚÈÎÔ‡ ·ÚÂÁ¯‡Ì·ÙÔ˜, fiÛÔ Î·È ÓfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÊÚÈÎÒÓ ÛˆÏËÓ·Ú›ˆÓ (U/S ÓÂÊÚÒÓ: ÎÊ, Ô˘Ú›·ÎÚ·ÙÈÓ›ÓË ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜: ÎÊ, ÁÂÓÈ΋ Ô‡ÚˆÓ: ÎÊ, ηÏÏȤÚÁÂÈ· Ô‡ÚˆÓ: ÛÙ›ڷ, Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ·¤ÎÎÚÈÛË Ca, P, Ô˘ÚÈÎÔ‡ ÔͤԘ, ·ÌÈÓÔͤˆÓ, ÁÏ˘Îfi˙˘) οÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÚÔÊ·Ó‹ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ D Ù‡Ô˘ π. ∏ ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÊ’ fiÚÔ˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ Â͈ÁÂÓ‹˜ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D Ì Ôχ ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈο ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· fiˆ˜ ¤ÁÈÓÂ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ‹ Ì·˜. ∆· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· η٤ÛÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ‚ÚÂı› Ì ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ·Ó·Ï‡ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ DNA fiÙÈ Ô ÁfiÓÔ˜ Ô˘ Έ‰ÈÎÔÔÈ› ÙËÓ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ¯ÚˆÌfiۈ̷ 12q13,3 (9,10). ªÂÙ·ÏÏ¿ÍÂȘ ÛÙÔÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÁfiÓÔ Ô‰ËÁÔ‡Ó Û ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ‹ ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÌÂȈ̤ÓË ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ 1,25(O∏)2 ‚ÈÙ D Î·È ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜. ∏ ÓfiÛÔ˜, fiˆ˜ ·Ó·Ê¤Ú·ÌÂ, ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÂ›Ù·È Ì ÙÔÓ ·˘ÙÔÛˆÌÈÎfi ˘ÔÏÂÈfiÌÂÓÔ Ù‡Ô. ŸÚÁ·Ó· ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Ë 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿ÛË ÏËÓ

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

ÙˆÓ ÓÂÊÚÒÓ Â›Ó·È Ù· ÎÂÚ·ÙÈÓÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, fiÔ˘ ¤ÁÈÓ·Ó Î·È ÔÈ ÚÒÙ˜ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ·ÔÌfiÓˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ DNA ÙÔ˘ ÁfiÓÔ˘ Ù˘ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ (11), Ô ÂÁΤʷÏÔ˜, ÔÈ fiÚ¯ÂȘ, Ô Ï·ÎÔ‡ÓÙ·˜ (12). ∏ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ ·ÔÌfiÓˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ DNA ÙÔ˘ ÁfiÓÔ˘ Ù˘ 1·-˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ Î·È Ë Â˘Ú‡ÙÂÚË ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ı· Ì·˜ ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ¿ÌÂÛ˘ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛ˘ Î·È ÚÔÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ù˘ Ú·¯›Ùȉ·˜ ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÌÂÓ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ ‚ÈÙ D Ù‡Ô˘ π, ı· Ì·˜ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Ù˘ Ú‡ıÌÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ 1·˘‰ÚÔÍ˘Ï¿Û˘ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ‚ÈÙ D Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ca. µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Russell W Chesney. Metabolic bone disease. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 15th edition 1984-87.

2. ª·ÙÚ›ÓÔ˜ §ª. ™‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ∂Ó‰ÔÎÚÈÓÔÏÔÁ›·. ∂Ή. ¶·Û¯·Ï›‰Ë, 1982:515-517, 535-539.

3. Herny HL. Vitamin D hydroxylases. J Cell Biochem 1992;49:4-9.

4. Breslaw NA. Normal and abnormal regulation of 1,25(OH)2 D synthesis. Am J Med Sci 1988;296:417-425.

5. Takeyama K, Kitanaka S, Sato T, Kobori M, Yanagisawa J, Koto S. 25- Hydroxyvitamin D3. 1alpha-hydroxylase and vitamin D synthesis. Science 1997;277:1827-1830.

6. Takeda E, Yamamoto H, Taketani Y, Miyamoto K. Vitamin D-dependent rickets type I and type II. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1997;39:508-513.

7. ∞’ ¶·ıÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∞ıËÓÒÓ. ∞ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·ÎÒÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛˆÓ. ™ÙËÓ ∂ÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ¶·ıÔÏÔÁ›·. ∂ΉfiÛÂȘ ¶·Û¯·Ï›‰Ë; 1984. p. 226-227.

8. Haug C, Muller F, Aukrust P, Froland SS. Subnormal serum concentration of 1,25- vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Correlation with degree of Immune deficiency and survival. JID 1994;169:889-893.

9. St-Arnaud R, Messerlian S, Mair J, Omdahl JL, Glorienx FH. The 25- hydroxyvitamin D 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene maps the pseudovitamin D - deficiency rickets (PDDR) disease locus. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:1552-1559.

10. Kitanaka S, Takeyama K, Murayama A, Sato T, Kymura O, Nagami M et al. Inactivating mutations in the 25hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha hydroxylase gene in patients with pseudovitamin D- deficiency rickets. N Engl J Med 1998;338:653-661.

11. Fu GK, Lin D, Zhang MV, Bikle DD, Shackleton GH, Miller WL et al. Cloning of human 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase and mutations causing vitamin D dependent rickets type 1. Mol Endocrinol 1997;11:1961-1970.

12. Glorienx FH, Arabian A, Delvin EE. Pseudo-Vitamin D deficiency: absence of 25- hydroxyvitamin D 1 alphahydroxylase activity in human placenta decidual cells.

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HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 20-07-1999 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 25-07-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ ∫·Ú‹˜ (¶·È‰›·ÙÚÔ˜-¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜) ∑·Î‡ÓıÔ˘ 2 - ÷ϿӉÚÈ

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¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:430-433

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ‰›„·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ ·ÓÙȉÈÔ˘ÚËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚÌfiÓ˘ ∞Ó·ÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ˜ ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, ∫·Ó¤ÏÏ· ∫ËÔ˘ÚÔ‡+, ÃÚÈÛÙ›Ó· ª·ÓÙ¿, °ÂˆÚÁ›· ∆·¿ÎË, º›ÏÈÔ˜ ºÈÏÈ›‰Ë˜ ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È Ë ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜ Ì ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›· ÏfiÁˆ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹˜ ÛÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛË Ù˘ ‰›„·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÚÁÈÓ›Ó˘ ‚·˙ÔÚÂÛÛ›Ó˘ (AVP). ∂ÚfiÎÂÈÙÔ ÁÈ· ı‹Ï˘ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 12 ÌËÓÒÓ, Ô˘ ÚÔÛÎÔÌ›ÛıËΠÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ì·˜ ÂÂȉ‹ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ¢ÂÚÂıÈÛÙfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÛËÌ›· ·Ê˘‰¿ÙˆÛ˘. O ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ›¯Â ˘ÂÚÙÔÓÈ΋ ·Ê˘‰¿ÙˆÛË, Ùo Ó¿ÙÚÈÔ ÔÚÔ‡ ‹Ù·Ó 197 mEq/L Î·È Ë ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ 430 mOsm/kg. H ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÛËÌ›ˆÓ ‰›„·˜, ·Ú¿ ÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·, Ì·˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·˜ ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·˜ ÏfiÁˆ ·‰È„›·˜. ¶ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ ‰ÈÂÚ‡ÓËÛË ¤‰ÂÈÍ fiÙÈ 1) Ù· Â›‰· Ù˘ AVP ‹Ù·Ó ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜, 2) Ë ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ô‡ÚˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÁÈ· Ù· Â›‰· Ù˘ AVP Î·È 3) ‚Ú¤ıËΠÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË ÌÂٷ͇ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ô‡ÚˆÓ (r=0,72, p<0,02). ŸÌˆ˜ Ë ÎÏ›ÛË Ù˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÂÏ·Ùو̤ÓË, ‡ÚËÌ· Ô˘ Û˘ÓËÁÔÚ› ÁÈ· ÌÂÚÈ΋ ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙˆÓ ˆÛÌÔ¸Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ Ù˘ AVP. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:430-433. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: xÚfiÓÈ· ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·, ˘ÂÚˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ·‰È„›·, ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË ‚·˙ÔÚÂÛÛ›ÓË.

A. Papadimitriou, K. Kipourou+, C. Manta, G. Tapaki, P. Philippidis. Congenital defect in the osmoregulation of thirst and the secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Paediatriki 2000;63:430-433. ● Abstract: We report the case of an infant with chronic hypernatremia due to a congenital defect in osmoregulation of thirst and the secretion of Arginine Vasopressin (AVP). A 12 month old female infant, who presented with irritability and signs of dehydration, was found to have hypertonic dehydration with plasma osmolality of 430 mOsm/kg. Despite rehydration she remained hypernatremic (serum Na+ 152-158 mEq/L). Lack of signs of thirst led us to the diagnosis of chronic hypernatremia due to adipsia. Laboratory investigation showed that 1) plasma AVP levels were low as compared to plasma osmolality, 2) urine osmolality was normal as compared to plasma AVP and 3) there was a significant correlation of plasma to urine osmolality (r=0.72, p<0.02). However the slope of the line of correlation was markedly reduced indicating partial destruction of the AVP osmoreceptors.

Key words: chronic hypernatremia, hyperosmolality, adipsia, arginine vasopressin.

∏ ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›· ηٿ ÙË ‚ÚÂÊÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ· Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·ÚÔ‰È΋, Î·È ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û ÂÎÛÂÛËÌ·Ṳ̂ÓË ·ÒÏÂÈ· ÓÂÚÔ‡ (.¯. ÏfiÁˆ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚ›ÙȉԘ) ‹ ÈÔ Û¿ÓÈ· Û ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÌÂÁ¿ÏˆÓ ÔÛÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ·Ï·ÙÈÔ‡ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙÈÚÚÔÂ›Ù·È ·fi ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏË ·‡ÍËÛË ÛÙËÓ ÚfiÛÏË„Ë ÓÂÚÔ‡. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·, Ë ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›· Â›Ó·È Ôχ Û¿ÓÈ· ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ· Î·È Ë ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ¿ÌÂÛ· ÂÌÊ·Ó‹˜ (1). £ÂˆÚÂ›Ù·È fiÙÈ Â›Ó·È ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ‚Ï¿‚˘ ÛÙÔ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ‰›„·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÚÁÈÓ›Ó˘ ‚·˙ÔÚÂÛÛ›Ó˘ (AVP)(2).

¶·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˘˜ 12 ÌËÓÒÓ Ì ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›· Ô˘ ÔÊÂÈÏfiÙ·Ó ÛÂ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÚÚ‡ıÌÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ‰›„·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÓÙȉÈÔ˘ÚËÙÈ΋˜ ·ÚÌfiÓ˘ (ADH), ·ÚÁÈÓ›ÓË ‚·˙ÔÚÂÛÛ›ÓË. ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ £‹Ï˘ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ÂÈÛ‹¯ıË ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ì·˜ ÂÂȉ‹ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙ ˘ÚÂÙfi ¤ˆ˜ 38ÔC, ·ÓËÛ˘¯›· Î·È ¿ÚÓËÛË ÚÔ˜ Ï‹„Ë ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ·fi ÙÚÈË̤ÚÔ˘. ◊Ù·Ó ÙÔ ÌfiÓÔ ·È‰› Ê·ÈÓÔÙ˘Èο ˘ÁÈÒÓ ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯·Ó

∞’ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋, °ÂÓÈÎÔ‡ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ ¶·›‰ˆÓ ¶ÂÓÙ¤Ï˘, ¶·Ï·È¿ ¶ÂÓÙ¤ÏË

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14:03

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15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

pAVP

ηÌÌ›· Û˘ÁÁ¤ÓÂÈ· ÌÂٷ͇ ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô ·È‰› ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËΠÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙÂÏÂÈfiÌËÓË Î‡ËÛË ÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÙÔÎÂÙfi Î·È ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ 2,8 kg. ∏ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë „˘¯ÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÂͤÏÈÍË. ∞fi ÙÔ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂÈ·Îfi ·Ó·ÌÓËÛÙÈÎfi ‰ÂÓ ˘‹Ú¯Â οÙÈ ÙÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË Ê˘ÛÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ ·È‰› ‹Ù·Ó ÏËı·ÚÁÈÎfi Î·È Ì ÎÏÈÓÈο ÛËÌ›· ·Ê˘‰¿ÙˆÛ˘. ∏ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó 38,2ÔC, Ë ∞.¶. 90/60 mm Hg Î·È ÔÈ ÛʇÍÂȘ 120/min. TÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ (ª.™.) ‹Ù·Ó 73 ÂηÙ=15Ë ∂.£., ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ (µ.™.) 6.200 ÁÚ.<3Ë ∂.£. Î·È Ë ÂÚ›ÌÂÙÚÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ 46 ÂηÙ=10Ë ∂.£. ∏ ÏÔÈ‹ ηٿ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÂͤٷÛË ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„ οÙÈ ÙÔ ·ıÔÏÔÁÈÎfi.

O ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ ˘ÂÚÙÔÓÈ΋ ·Ê˘‰¿ÙˆÛË: Ô˘Ú›· 298 mg%, K: 4,7 mEq/L, Na: 197 mEq /L, Cl: 157 mEq/L, ۿί·ÚÔ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜: 225 mg%, ÎÚ·ÙÈÓ›ÓË ·›Ì: 0,6 mg%, Ca ·›Ì.:9,6 mg%, ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜: 430 mOsm/kg, ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ô‡ÚˆÓ: 937 mOsm /kg. ∏ ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÔÓˆÙÈ·›Ô˘ ˘ÁÚÔ‡. ™ÙÔ ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ ¯ÔÚËÁ‹ıËÎ·Ó ˘ÁÚ¿ ÂÓ‰ÔÊÏ‚›ˆ˜ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi 48 ÒÚ˜ Ë ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ‚ÂÏÙÈÒıËÎÂ, Ô ˘ÚÂÙfi˜ ˘Ô¯ÒÚËÛÂ, Ô ‰Â ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ¤‰ÂÈÍÂ: K: 4,1 mEq/L, Na: 160 mEq/L, Cl: 124 mEq/L, Ô˘Ú›·: 46 mg%, ۿί·ÚÔ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜: 86 mg%. ∆Ș ÂfiÌÂÓ˜ Ë̤Ú˜, ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ ÂÓ˘‰¿ÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡, Ë Ô˘Ú›· Î˘Ì·ÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÌÂٷ͇ 15 ¤ˆ˜ 41 mg%, Î·È ÙÔ ¡· ÔÚÔ‡ 152-158 mEq/L, Ë ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ 316-341 mOsm/kg, Ë ‰Â ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ô‡ÚˆÓ 136-721 mOsm/kg. ∆Ô ·È‰› ‰ÂÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈ˙ ÔÏ˘Ô˘Ú›·, ¤¯ÔÓÙ·˜ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÈÛÔ˙‡ÁÈÔ ÚÔÛÏ·Ì‚·ÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ·Ô‚·ÏÏÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ˘ÁÚÒÓ. ∏ Ï‹„Ë ÙÔ˘ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎÔ‡ ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘Ù ÙËÓ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ˘ÂÚÙÔÓÈ΋˜ ·Ê˘‰¿ÙˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡. ∆Ô ÌfiÓÔ ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁÔ Ô˘ ·Ó¤ÊÂÚ·Ó ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ‹Ù·Ó fiÙÈ ÙÔ ·È‰› ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙ ·ÓÔÚÂÍ›· ·fi ËÏÈΛ·˜ 6 ÌËÓÒÓ. ŸÌˆ˜, Ù· ‰È·ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ Î·È ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 45 ËÌÂÚÒÓ ÙÔ ·È‰› ·ÚÔ˘Û›·˙ ·ÓÂ·Ú΋ ÚfiÛÏË„Ë ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜, ÂÓÒ Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ÂÏ¿ÙÙˆÛË ÙÔ˘ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚ›ÙÔ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙÔÓ 3Ô Ì‹Ó·. ∏ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÛËÌ›ˆÓ ‰›„·˜ ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ Ôχ „ËÏ‹ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¤ıÂÛ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·˜ ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·˜ ÏfiÁˆ ·‰È„›·˜. ŒÁÈÓ ·ÍÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÂÁÎÂÊ¿ÏÔ˘ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ οÔÈ· ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›· ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ôı·Ï¿ÌÔ˘. ∂›Û˘, ÂÏ‹ÊıËÛ·Ó ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ·˘ÍËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚÌfiÓ˘, ∆3, ∆4, ∆S∏ Î·È ÎÔÚÙÈ˙fiÏ˘ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜. ∏ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÚÂÓ›Ó˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (PRA) ‹Ù·Ó >50 ng/kg/ÒÚ· Î·È Ë ·Ï‰ÔÛÙÂÚfiÓË ÔÚÔ‡ 1,16 nmol/L (º.T. 0,69-3,87). OÈ ÙÈ̤˜ Ù˘ ∞Vƒ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î˘Ì·›ÓÔÓÙ·Ó ·fi 1,65-3,87 pmol/L (º.∆.<7,37).

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

pOsm

™¯‹Ì· 1. ™¯¤ÛË AVP (pg/ml) Î·È ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (mOsm/kg). ∆· Â›‰· Ù˘ AVP ‹Ù·Ó ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∆Ô ÁˆÌÂÙÚÈÎfi Û¯‹Ì· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ‡ÚÔ˜. ¶ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓÔ ·fi ÙÔÓ Robertson (8).

∏ ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ˘ÁÚÒÓ ÁÈ· 6 ÒÚ˜ ¤ÁÈÓ Ôχ ηϿ ·ÓÂÎÙ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· ‰ÂÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ÂÚ·ÈÙ¤Úˆ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (0: 324 mOsm/kg, 6 ÒÚ˜: 327 mOsm/kg). ∫·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÂÏ‹ÊıËÛ·Ó ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ‰Â›ÁÌ·Ù· ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ô‡ÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ̤ÙÚËÛË Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù˘ AVP Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. OÈ Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚˆÓ ¤‰ÂÈÍ·Ó fiÙÈ: 1. Ù· Â›‰· Ù˘ AVP ‹Ù·Ó ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (™¯‹Ì· 1) 2. Ë ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ô‡ÚˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÁÈ· Ù· Â›‰· Ù˘ AVP Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (™¯‹Ì· 2) Î·È 3. ˘‹Ú¯Â ıÂÙÈ΋ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÙÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ô‡ÚˆÓ (r:0,72, p<0,02), fï˜, Ë ÎÏ›ÛË Ù˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛ˘ ‹Ù·Ó ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÂÏ·Ùو̤ÓË Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο ¿ÙÔÌ· (™¯‹Ì· 3). £ÂÚ·¢ÙÈο ÙÔ ·È‰› Ù¤ıËΠ۠˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ˘ÁÚÒÓ Û ÔÛfiÙËÙ· ÂÚ› Ù· 1200 ml/24ˆÚÔ Î·È ‰›·ÈÙ· Ùˆ¯‹ Û ӿÙÚÈÔ, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ù· Â›‰· ÙÔ˘ Ó·ÙÚ›Ô˘ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ Ó· ¤ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙ· 150-152 mEq/L. ∆Ô ·È‰› ÂÍ‹Ïı ·fi ÙÔ ÓÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô Û Ôχ ηϋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ì ԉËÁ›Â˜ Ó· ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÂ›Ù·È Ù·ÎÙÈο ÁÈ· ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Ù˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÏ˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù˘ „˘¯ÔÎÈÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂͤÏÈ͢. ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ∆Ô Û˘Ó‰ÔÌÔ ˘ԉȄ›·˜-˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·˜ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ˘ÂÚˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·, ‹È· ˘ÔoÁηÈÌ›· ·ÏÏ¿ ·Ô˘Û›· ÔÏ˘‰È-

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EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

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™¯‹Ì· 2. ™¯¤ÛË ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô‡ÚˆÓ (mOsm/kg) Î·È AVP (pg/ml) Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. ∏ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÛÙȘ ηÌ‡Ï˜ ÁÚ·Ì̤˜ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙÔ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ‡ÚÔ˜.

™¯‹Ì· 3. ™¯¤ÛË ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô‡ÚˆÓ (mOsm/kg) Î·È Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ (mOsm/kg) Ô˘ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË.

¶ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓÔ ·fi ÙÔÓ Robertson (8).

¶ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔṲ̂ÓÔ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Streeten et al (9).

„›·˜ ‹ ÔÏ˘Ô˘Ú›·˜. ∏ ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ‰›„·˜, ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ ˘ÂÚÙÔÓÈ΋ ·Ê˘‰¿ÙˆÛË, Â›Ó·È ·Ó·Áη›· Î·È Â·Ú΋˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÙˆÓ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‡‰·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÏ˘ÙÒÓ. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, Èı·ÓÒ˜ ÏfiÁˆ ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈ΋˜ ÁÂÈÙÓ›·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ˆÛÌo¸Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰›„· Î·È ÙËÓ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛË AVP, Ë ˘ԉȄ›· ۯ‰fiÓ ¿ÓÙÔÙÂ Û˘Óԉ‡ÂÙ·È ·fi ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙȉÈÔ‡ÚËÛË. ™ÙËÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì·˜, Ë ·Ô˘Û›· ‰›„·˜ ·Ú¿ ÙËÓ Ôχ „ËÏ‹ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÙÔ Û‡Ìو̷ Ô˘ Ì·˜ Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË. ∏ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÚÂÓ›ÓË ÔÊÂÈÏfiÙ·Ó ÛÙËÓ Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Û· ˘ÔÔÁηÈÌ›·. ∆· Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο Â›‰· Ù˘ ·Ï‰ÔÛÙÂÚfiÓ˘ ·Ú¿ ÙË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ÚÂÓ›Ó˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ô‰ÔıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·. ∆· Â›‰· Ù˘ AVP ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο, ‹Ù·Ó fï˜ ‰˘Û·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· ¯·ÌËÏ¿ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÛÙËÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì·˜ Û˘Ó˘‹Ú¯Â ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ Ù˘ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ Ù˘ AVP. ∏ ·Ô˘Û›· ÔÏ˘Ô˘Ú›·˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ Ô‡ÚˆÓ ÁÈ· Ù· Â›‰· Ù˘ AVP Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜, ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë ÂÎÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓË AVP ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ ÈηӋ Û˘Ì‡ÎÓˆÛË ÙˆÓ Ô‡ÚˆÓ. ∏ ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹ ÙˆÓ ˆÛÌÔ¸Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ Ù˘ AVP ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û Ï‹ÚË ‹ ÌÂÚÈ΋ ÂÎÏÂÎÙÈ΋ ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ˆÛÌÔÛÙ¿ÙË (3), ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ô‰Âȯı› fiÙÈ Ë AVP ··ÓÙ¿ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο Û ÌË ˆÛÌÔÙÈο ÂÚÂı›ÛÌ·Ù·. ™ÙËÓ Ï‹ÚË Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙˆÓ ˆÛÌÔ¸Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ Ù˘ AVP Ë ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ‹ Ù˘ ‰ÂÓ ÂËÚ¿˙ÂÙ·È Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ·fi Ù· ˆÛÌÔÙÈο ÂÚÂı›ÛÌ·Ù· (4) ·ÏÏ¿ ÂÎÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Û ¤Ó· Ì¿ÏÏÔÓ ÛÙ·ıÂÚfi Â›‰Ô, ÂÚ›Ô˘ ·˘Ùfi Ù˘ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ‚·ÛÈ΋˜ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘ (2). ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÌÂÚÈ΋˜ ηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ˆÛÌÔ¸Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ Ù˘, Ë AVP ··ÓÙ¿ Û ·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜, fï˜ Ë ·¿ÓÙËÛË Â›Ó·È Û·ÊÒ˜

432

ÂÏ·Ùو̤ÓË Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ٷ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο ¿ÙÔÌ· (5). ∞˘Ùfi ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰Âȯı› Â¿Ó ·Ó·Ï˘ı› Ë Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙÈÌÒÓ AVP Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ηÈ/‹ Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ Ô‡ÚˆÓ Ì ÙËÓ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜. ™ÙËÓ ·ÛıÂÓ‹ Ì·˜ Ë ÂÏ·Ùو̤ÓË ÎÏ›ÛË Ù˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛ˘ ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ ˆÛÌÔÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÙˆÓ Ô‡ÚˆÓ Î·È ÂΛӢ ÙÔ˘ Ï¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙË Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ Î·È ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÙÈÌÒÓ AVP ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÂΛӘ Ù˘ ‚·ÛÈ΋˜ ¤ÎÎÚÈÛ˘, ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ˘fiıÂÛË fiÙÈ ÛÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ‹ Ì·˜ Ë Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙˆÓ ˆÛÌÔ¸Ô‰Ô¯¤ˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÌÂÚÈ΋. ™ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÈÙ‹ Û ÂÌ¿˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ‚ڋηÌ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚ˜ ·fi 20 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ˘ԉȄ›·˜ - ˘ÂÚÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·˜ Ô˘ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Û·Ó ·È‰È¿ ËÏÈΛ·˜ ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ˘ ÙˆÓ 15 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ, ·fi Ù· ÔÔ›· ÌfiÓÔ ¤Ó· ‹Ù·Ó ‚Ú¤ÊÔ˜ (6). ™Ù· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ˘‹Ú¯Â οÔÈ· ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ∫.¡.™ (.¯. ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÛË, ΈӷڛˆÌ·, ‰˘ÛÏ·Û›· ̤Û˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ ÎÏ), ÂÓÒ Û 3 ·È‰È¿ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â ‚ÚÂı› ηÌÌ›· ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›· (1), fiˆ˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ‹ Ì·˜. ∏ ıÂÚ·›· ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ Û˘Ó›ÛÙ·Ù·È Û ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈ΋ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÚfiÛÏË„Ë ˘ÁÚÒÓ. ∏ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË DDAVP Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì Ôχ ÂÚ›Û΄Ë, ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ fiÙÈ Û ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ·È‰È¿ ·Ô˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ô ÌfiÓÔ˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÚÔÛÙ·Û›·˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ˘ÂÚ˘‰¿ÙˆÛË, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Ë ‰›„·. µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Schaad U, Vassella F, Zuppinger K, Oetliker O. Hypodipsia - hypernatremia syndrome. Helv Paediat Acta 1979;34:63-67.

2. Robertson GL, Aycinena P, Zerbe RL. Neurogenic disorders of osmoregulation. Am J Med 1982;72:339-353.

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3. Robertson GL. Thirst and vasopressin function in normal and disordered states of water balance. J Lab Clin Med 1983;101:351-371.

4. Halter JB, Goldberg AP, Robertson GL, Porte D. Selective osmoreceptor dysfunction in the syndrome of chronic hypernatremia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977;44:609-616.

5. Zerbe RL, Baylis PH, Robertson GL. Vasopressin function in clinical disorders of water balance. In: Robertson G, Beardwell CG, eds. Clinical endocrinology, vol 1. London: Butterworths; 1981. p. 297-329.

6. Schaff-Blass E, Robertson GL, Rosenfield RL. Chronic hypernatremia from a congenital defect in osmoregulation of thirst and vasopressin. J Pediatr 1983;102:703-708.

7. Radetti G, Rizza F, Mengarda G, Pittschieler K. Adipsic hypernatremia in two sisters. Am J Dis Child 1991;145: 321-325.

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

8. Robertson GL. The pathophysiology of ADH secretion. In: Tolis G, ed. Clinical neuroendocrinology: A pathophysiological approach. New York: Raven Press; 1979. p. 247-260.

9. Streeten DHP, Moses AM, Miller M. Disorders of the neurohypophysis. In: Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Petersdorf RG, Wilson JD, Martin JB, Fauci AS, eds.

Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1987. p. 1722-1732.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 03-12-1999 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 01-08-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ∞Ó·ÛÙ¿ÛÈÔ˜ ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ °ÂÓÈÎfi ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ¶·›‰ˆÓ ¶ÂÓÙ¤Ï˘, ∞’ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ¶·Ï·È¿ ¶ÂÓÙ¤ÏË 152 36

™¿ÓÈ· ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ· – ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ¶·Ú·Û΢‹ ∑ÒÛË, ∏Ú·ÎÏ‹˜ °ÂˆÚÁÈ¿‰Ë˜, ¢ÈÔÓ‡ÛÈÔ˜ ∫·Ú·Î·˚‰fi˜, ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ∆ÛÈÏÈ‚¿ÎÔ˜, £ˆÌ·˝˜ µÏ¿¯Ô˘, ÃÚÈÛÙ›Ó· ¢Ú¿ÎÔ˘, ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ ∫·Ú‹˜ ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ËˆÛÈÓÔÊÈÏÈ΋˜ Ì˘˚΋˜ ÂÚÈÙÔÓÈ›Ùȉ·˜ (∏¶) ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÌÔÚÊ·›· Û ÎÔÚ›ÙÛÈ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 8,5 ÂÙÒÓ. ∏ ∏¶ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Û¿ÓÈ· ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ·.

OÈ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ Ù˘ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ, Ô˘ ÚÔÛÔÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ì «ÊÏÔÈfi ÔÚÙÔηÏÈÔ‡» (peau d’orange appearance), Û˘Ó‰˘¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÌÂ Ù˘ÈΤ˜ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‚Ï¿‚˜ ÌÔÚÊ·›·˜. ∏ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ¿ÁÓˆÛÙË. ∏ ‰È¿ÎÚÈÛ‹ Ù˘ ·fi ÙȘ ¿ÏϘ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÂÓÙÔÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ‹˜. ∞Ó·ÛÎÔÂ›Ù·È Ë ÎÏÈÓÈÎÔÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷ΋ ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹, Ë ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË Î·È Ë ÚfiÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:433-437. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ÛÎÏËÚfi‰ÂÚÌ·, ˈÛÈÓÔÊÈÏÈ΋ ÂÚÈÙÔÓÈ›Ùȉ·, ÌÔÚÊ·›·.

P. Zosi, H. Georgiadis, D. Karakaidos, D. Tsilivakos, T. Vlahou, C. Drakou, C. Karis. ∞ rare case of scleroderma in childhood. Case report. Paediatriki 2000;63:433-437. ● Abstract: We report a case of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) associated with morphea in a 8.5 year old girl. EF is a type of scleroderma, rare in childhood, which is characterized by thickened, bound-down skin with cobblestone or peau d’orange appearance. EF and morphea commonly occur together, often in different locations. The distinction between EF and various forms of localized scleroderma remains unclear. The various types of the disease, their clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis are reviewed.

Key words: scleroderma, eosinophilic fasciitis, morphea.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ∆Ô ÛÎÏËÚfi‰ÂÚÌ· ·ÔÙÂÏ› Û¿ÓÈ· ÓfiÛÔ Ù˘ ·È‰È΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜. ∞ӷʤÚÔÓÙ·È 4,5-12 Ӥ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·Ó¿ 100.000 ÁÂÓÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡, ·Ó¿ ¤ÙÔ˜. ªfiÓÔ

1,5% ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ËÏÈ˘ οو ÙˆÓ 10 ÂÙÒÓ, ÂÓÒ ¤Ó· ÂÈϤÔÓ 7,2% ·ÊÔÚ¿ ËÏÈ˘ 10 ¤ˆ˜ 19 ÂÙÒÓ. ∏ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ Á˘Ó·ÈÎÒÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚË (°/∞ 2/1). ∏ ·Ó·ÏÔÁ›· ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ

¶ÂÚÈÊÂÚÂÈ·Îfi °ÂÓÈÎfi ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌÂ›Ô ¡›Î·È·˜- ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿ «∞Á. ¶·ÓÙÂÏ‹̈ӻ - ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋

433

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·) ¶ÂÚÈÁÂÁÚ·Ì̤ÓÔ ‚) °Ú·ÌÌÔÂȉ¤˜

·) ¶ÚÔ˚Ô‡Û· ‰È¿¯˘ÙË ‚) ™‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ CREST Á) ™ÎÏËÚÔ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÔÌ˘ÔÛ›ÙȘ, ÌÈÎÙ‹ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÈÛÙÔ‡

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·) º¿Ú̷η ‚) ÃËÌÈο (ÔÏ˘‚ÈÓ˘Ïԯψڛ‰ÈÔ) Á) ªÂÙ·ÌfiÛ¯Â˘ÛË Ì˘ÂÏÔ‡

·) OȉËÌ·Ù҉˘ (ÛÎÏËÚÔ›‰ËÌ·-ÛÎÏËÚÔÌ˘ÍÔ›‰ËÌ·) ‚) ¢ÈËıËÙÈ΋ (∞Ì˘ÏÔ›‰ˆÛË - ∫·ÚÎÈÓÔÂȉ¤˜ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÔÚʇڷ˜) Á) ∞ÙÚÔÊÈ΋ (¶ÚÔÁËÚ›· - ™ÎÏËÚfi˜ Î·È ·ÙÚÔÊÈÎfi˜ ÏÂȯ‹Ó·˜, Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Werner)

ÙÔ 15/1 ÛÙËÓ ÂÊË‚È΋ ËÏÈΛ·. ∏ ÓfiÛÔ˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ÔÈÎÈÏÔÌÔÚÊ›· (¶›Ó·Î·˜ 1) (1). ™˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚË ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ· Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÓÙÔÈṲ̂ÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ›Ù ˆ˜ ÌÔÚÊ·›· ›Ù ˆ˜ Ù·ÈÓÈÔÂȉ¤˜ ÛÎÏËÚfi‰ÂÚÌ·. ∏ ÚÔԉ¢ÙÈ΋ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÛÎÏ‹Ú˘ÓÛË ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÛÂ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ·. ªÔÚ› Ó· ÂÌÊ·ÓÈÛı› Ì ÙË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ CREST (˘Ô‰fiÚȘ ·Û‚ÂÛÙÒÛÂȘ, Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Raynaud, ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈÛÔÊ¿ÁÔ˘, ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰·ÎÙ˘Ï›·, ÙËÏ·ÁÁÂÈÂÎÙ·Û›·) ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚·Ú¤o˜ ÂÍÂÏÈÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, Ì ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÙÔ˘ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎÔ‡ (‰È·Ù·Ú·¯¤˜ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ÔÈÛÔÊ¿ÁÔ˘-ÂÓÙ¤ÚÔ˘), ÙˆÓ Ó¢ÌfiÓˆÓ (Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ˘¤ÚÙ·ÛË, ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÙÈÎÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ Ó¢ÌÔÓÔ¿ıÂÈ·), ÙˆÓ ÓÂÊÚÒÓ (˘¤ÚÙ·ÛË, ÓÂÊÚÈ΋ ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·), ÙˆÓ ·ÚıÚÒÛÂˆÓ Î·È Ù˘ ηډȿ˜ (1). ∆Ú›ÙË ÛÂ Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ· ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ∏¶, Ë ÔÔ›· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ¿¯˘ÓÛË Î·È ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ‹ Ù˘ Ì˘˚΋˜ ÂÚÈÙÔÓ›·˜, ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ËˆÛÈÓfiÊÈÏˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈÎfi ·›Ì· Î·È ÂÌ-

Ê¿ÓÈÛË ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ˆ˜ ÊÏÔÈÔ‡ ÔÚÙÔηÏÈÔ‡ (peau d’orange appearance). ∏ ∏¶ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÌÔÚÊ·›· (2) fiˆ˜ Î·È Ë ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıˆ˜ ÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË.

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1. ŒÓÙÔÓË ÛÎÏËÚ›· ÛÙÔ Î¿Ùˆ ¤Íˆ ÙÂÙ·ÚÙËÌfiÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ ÁÏÔ˘ÙÔ‡ Ì Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚfi Ï¿ÁÈÔ ÎÔÈÏÈ·Îfi ÙÔ›¯ˆÌ·.

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 2. ¢ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ ÚÔÛÔÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û˜ Ì ÊÏÔÈfi ÔÚÙÔηÏÈÔ‡ (peau d’orange appearance).

434

¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 8,5 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ ÂÈÛ‹¯ıË ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ¡ÔÛÔÎÔÌ›Ԣ Ì·˜ ·Ú·ÔÓÔ‡ÌÂÓË ÁÈ· ıˆÚ·ÎÈÎfi ¿ÏÁÔ˜, ÏfiÁˆ ÎÙ˘‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙË ıˆÚ·ÎÈ΋ ¯ÒÚ·. ∂›Ó·È ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ·È‰› Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜, ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËΠÌÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi ÙÔÎÂÙfi Î·È Î·Ï‹ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô Ì ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ 2.150 gr. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È Ô ·‰ÂÏÊfi˜ Â›Ó·È ˘ÁÈ›˜. ∆Ô ·ÙÔÌÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ ·Ó·ÌÓËÛÙÈÎfi Â›Ó·È ÂχıÂÚÔ. ∆Ô ·È‰› ηٿ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰fi ÙÔ˘ ‹Ù·Ó Û ηϋ ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ì µ™=40 Kg (>95 ∂£), ª™=125 cm (50 ∂£). ∞fi ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌÂÓÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠ¤ÓÙÔÓË ÛÎÏËÚ›· Ô˘ ηٷϿ̂·Ó ÙÔ Î¿Ùˆ ¤Íˆ ÙÂÙ·ÚÙËÌfiÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ ÁÏÔ˘ÙÔ‡ Î·È ÂÂÎÙÂÈÓfiÙ·Ó ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚfi Ï¿ÁÈÔ ÎÔÈÏÈ·Îfi ÙÔ›¯ˆÌ·, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÛÙÔȯ›· ÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ‹˜

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·435

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:433-437

(∂ÈÎfiÓ· 1). ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ÔÛʇԘ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ ÚÔÛÔÌÔÈ¿˙Ô˘Û˜ Ì ÊÏÔÈfi ÔÚÙÔηÏÈÔ‡ (peau d’orange appearance) (∂ÈÎfiÓ· 2). ¶·ÚfiÌÔȘ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËÎ·Ó Î·È ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ù˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜ ˆÌÔÏ¿Ù˘.

O ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ô ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ıÔ˜: °ÂÓÈ΋ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜: Ht=34,9%, Hb=11,1 g/dl, §Â˘Î¿=9200/m3 (¶=64%, §=22%, ∏=3%, µ=1%, ª=10%), PLT=391000/m3, ∆∫∂=32 mm/1h, CRP=10,4 mg/L, Glu=77 mg%, O˘Ú›·=30 mg%, ∫Ú·ÙÈÓ›ÓË=0,5 mg%, Na=144 mEq/L, K=4,7 mEq/L, AST=32 IU/L, ALT=49 IU/L, TP=7,1 g/dl ALB=3,5 g/dl °ÂÓÈ΋ Ô‡ÚˆÓ=ÎÊ, TC=157 mg%, HDL=56 mg%, LDL=83 mg%, TG=88 mg%, CPK: 72 U/L, LDH: 245 U/L, O˘ÚÈÎfi Ô͇=3,6 mg%, ∞ÓÙÈ˘ÚËÓÈο ·ÓÙÈÛÒÌ·Ù· (∞¡∞): ·ÛıÂÓÒ˜ ıÂÙÈο Ì ٛÙÏÔ 1/160 Î·È ÛÙÈÎÙfi ÊıÔÚÈÛÌfi. ∞ÓÙÈ-DNA, ·ÓÙÈ-Sm, ·ÓÙÈ-uRNP, ·ÓÙÈ-SSA/Ro, ·ÓÙÈSSB/La, ·ÓÙÈ-Ï›ˆÓ Ì˘˚ÎÒÓ ÈÓÒÓ, ·ÓÙÈÌÈÙÔ¯ÔÓ‰Úȷο: ·ÚÓËÙÈο Scl-70: ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfi Ra test: ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfi ∞ÓÙÈÛÒÌ·Ù· ÁÈ· Borrelia Burgdorferi: ·ÚÓËÙÈο OÊı·ÏÌÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË: ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ∏ Ì·ÁÓËÙÈ΋ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›· (MRI) ÁÏÔ˘ÙÒÓ Î·È ÌËÚÒÓ ¿Ìʈ: ·Û‡ÌÌÂÙÚË Î·Ù·ÓÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô‰fiÚÈÔ˘ Ï›Ô˘˜ Ì ¿¯˘ÓÛË Ù˘ Ì˘˚΋˜ ÂÚÈÙÔÓ›·˜. πÛÙÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË: ÙÌ‹Ì· ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, Ì˘˚΋˜ ÂÚÈÙÔÓ›·˜ Î·È ÛÎÂÏÂÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì˘fi˜ Ì ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÚÔ¯ˆÚË̤ÓÔ˘ ÛÎÏËÚ˘ÓÙÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙ·‰›Ô˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜. ¶ÚÔ˜ ·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌfi Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÓfiÛÔ˘, Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Û˘ÌÏËÚÒıËΠ̠˘ÂÚ˯ÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ηډȿ˜, ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ı˘ÚÂÔÂȉԇ˜ ·‰¤Ó· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù·. ∏ ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÂȂ‚·›ˆÛ ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÛ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÂÓÒ Ë ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ٷ Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ Ì·ÁÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ Â¤ÙÚ„·Ó ÙËÓ Ù˘ÔÔ›ËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. ªÂ ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓË ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ∏¶ ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ÌÔÚÊ·›·, ÙÔ ·È‰› ÂÙ¤ıË Û ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ì Ú‰ÓÈ˙ÔÏfiÓË (1 mg /Kg/ 24ˆÚÔ per os). ŒÍÈ Â‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· ÙÔ ·È‰› ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û Ï‹ÚË ÂÍ·Ê¿ÓÈÛË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂˆÓ Ù‡Ô˘ «ÊÏÔÈÔ‡ ÔÚÙÔηÏÈÔ‡» ÛÙËÓ ÔÛʇ Î·È ÙËÓ ˆÌÔÏ¿ÙË. ∏ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË fï˜, Ó¤·˜ Ͽη˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¿ÏÏÔ ÁÏÔ˘Ùfi Â¤‚·Ï·Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÛı‹ÎË DPenicillamine, ÛÙÔ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈÎfi Û¯‹Ì·. ™‹ÌÂÚ·, 6 Ì‹Ó˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ÎÔÚÙÈ˙fiÓ˘ Î·È 3 Ì‹Ó˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ D-Penicillamine, ÔÈ ÛÎÏËÚ˘ÓÙÈΤ˜ ϿΘ ·Ú¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó ÛÙ¿ÛÈ̘, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ù¿ÛË Â¤ÎÙ·Û˘, ÂÓÒ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ϤÔÓ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ ΢ÙÙ·Ú›Ùȉ·˜ (peau d’orange). ∏ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ì ÌÈÎÚ¤˜ ‰fiÛÂȘ ÎÔÚÙÈ˙fiÓ˘ Î·È D- Penicillamine Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÙ·È.

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ∏ ÌÔÚÊ·›· ·ÔÙÂÏ› Û˘¯Ó‹ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ·È‰È΋ ËÏÈΛ·. ∞ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· Ë ∏¶ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊËΠÙÔ 1974 ·fi ÙÔÓ Shulman (3), Â›Ó·È ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο Û¿ÓÈ· ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿. ∞fi ÙÔÓ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÓÔÛ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ̤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ÂηÙÔÓÙ¿‰Â˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ∏¶ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ÛÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ÂÚ›Ô˘ 20 ·ÊÔÚÔ‡Ó ·È‰È¿ (4). O Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÌÔÚÊÒÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ Ì ∏¶ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËΠÛÙÔ ¤Ó· ÙÚ›ÙÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ (2), ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈο ÛÙÔȯ›·, ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ‰ËÌÔÛÈÂ˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛˆÓ. ∞ӷʤÚÂÙ·È fï˜ Ë ÌÂÙ¿ÙˆÛË Ù˘ ∏¶ Û ÌÔÚÊ·›· (5). ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ë ·Ó‡ÚÂÛË ÌÈÎÙÒÓ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛˆÓ, Ù‡Ô˘ ∏¶ Î·È ÌÔÚÊ·›·˜, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù· ·ÂÈÎÔÓÈÛÙÈο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ Ì·ÁÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÙÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÌÔÚÊÒÓ. ∏ ¤Ó·ÚÍË fï˜ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ 5 ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÚÈÓ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÛÙË ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ì·˜ Î·È Ë ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙˆÓ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ÂͤÏÈÍË ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ, ηıÈÛÙÔ‡Ó ·‰‡Ó·ÙË ÙËÓ ÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ¿ÙˆÓ fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ÌÂÙ¿ÙˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ∏¶ Û ÌÔÚÊ·›·. ∏ ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ù˘ ∏¶ ·Ú·Ì¤ÓÂÈ ¿ÁÓˆÛÙË. ∏ Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛ‹ Ù˘ Ì ˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈ΋ ۈ̷ÙÈ΋ ¿ÛÎËÛË ¤¯ÂÈ ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ۯ‰fiÓ ÛÙȘ ÌÈÛ¤˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ(1,6). ∏ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ·ÓÙÈ˘ÚËÓÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈۈ̿وÓ, ÚÂ˘Ì·ÙÔÂȉԇ˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë Û˘Ó‡·ÚÍ‹ Ù˘ Ì ¿ÏÏ· ·˘ÙÔ¿ÓÔÛ· ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù· Û˘ÓËÁÔÚÔ‡Ó ˘¤Ú Ù˘ ·˘ÙÔ·ÓfiÛÔ˘ ·ıÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ¿˜ Ù˘ (6). ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂȯÂÈÚËı› Ë Û˘Û¯¤ÙÈÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈ‚·ÏÏÔÓÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ fiˆ˜ Î·È Ì ÙË Ï‹„Ë Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ (L-ÙÚ˘ÙÔÊ¿ÓË, Ï·Ó‰ÔÚ·˙fiÏË, ÊÔÛÈÓÔÚ›ÏË)(7-10). ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· Ë µÔrrelia Burgdorferi ¤¯ÂÈ Â›Û˘ ÂÓÔ¯ÔÔÈËı› ˆ˜ ÂÎÏ˘ÙÈÎfi ·›ÙÈÔ Ù˘ ÂÓÂÚÁÔÔ›ËÛ˘ ÂÓfi˜ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ˘ ·ıÔÁÂÓÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ˘ÔÛÙÚÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ (11,12). ∏ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Ù˘ ∏¶ ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ·ÈÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁÈο ÓÔÛ‹Ì·Ù· fiˆ˜ Ì˘ÂÏÔ‰˘ÛÏ·ÛÙÈο Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌ· (13,14), ÏÂÌÊÒÌ·Ù· (15), ·˘ÙÔ¿ÓÔÛË ·ÈÌÔÏ˘ÙÈ΋ ·Ó·ÈÌ›·, ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë ÔÏÏÒÓ Û˘ÁÁڷʤˆÓ ÙËÓ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì˘ÂÏÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ Û οı ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ∏¶ (16). ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ‹ Ì·˜ Ë Î·Ù’ Â·Ó¿ÏË„Ë Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÁÂÓÈ΋ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘Ó ·fi ÙËÓ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ· ‡·Ú͢ ·ÈÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁÈÎÔ‡ ÓÔÛ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ∏ ∏¶ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍ‹ Ù˘ ·fi ‰È¿¯˘ÙÔ Ô›‰ËÌ· ÂÓÒ Ë ÔÚ›· Ù˘ ·fi ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ Ù‡Ô˘ ΢ÙÙ·Ú›Ùȉ·˜ (peau d’orange) Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙfiÔ˘˜ ÛÎÏËÚ›· (1). ∏ ¿¯˘ÓÛË Î·È Ë ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓ‹ Ù˘ ÂÚÈÙÔÓ›·˜ ÙˆÓ Ì˘ÒÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙËÓ Ù˘È΋ ˘ÔΛÌÂÓË ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ‚Ï¿‚Ë (17), ‡ÚËÌ· Ô˘

435

SEPT-OCT.2000

30-05-03

14:03

™ÂÏ›‰·436

¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:433-437

ÛÙË Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÂȂ‚·ÈÒıËΠ̠ÙË Ì·ÁÓËÙÈ΋ ÙÔÌÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÁÏÔ˘ÙÒÓ Î·È ÌËÚÒÓ. ™Â ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÙȘ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ Û˘ÓÔ‰Â‡Ô˘Ó Û˘Áο̄ÂȘ ·ÚıÚÒÛÂˆÓ Î·È Û˘ÓÔÏΤ˜ Ì˘ÒÓ. OÈ ·ÚıÚ·ÏÁ›Â˜ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ Û˘¯Ó¤˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ ·ÚıÚ›Ùȉ· (1). ™˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È Ù· ¿ÎÚ·, ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Ë ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÎÔÚÌÔ‡, ÂÓÒ Û¯Â‰fiÓ ÔÙ¤ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ‰¿ÎÙ˘Ï· Î·È ÚfiÛˆÔ. ™‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Î·ÚÈ·›Ô˘ ۈϋӷ Î·È Ì˘ÔÛ›Ùȉ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› Û ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ. ÷ڷÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο, ۯ‰fiÓ ÔÙ¤ ‰ÂÓ ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Raynaud Î·È ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰·ÎÙ˘Ï›·, ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ·fi ÙȘ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È Ù· Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌ· ÂÈÎ¿Ï˘„˘. ∏ ÛÏ·Á¯ÓÈ΋ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ Â›Ó·È Û¿ÓÈ· ·Ó Î·È ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ÌÂÌÔӈ̤Ó˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ì ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹ Ó¢ÌfiÓˆÓ, ÔÈÛÔÊ¿ÁÔ˘, ηډȿ˜ ‹ ÓÂ‡ÚˆÓ (6). ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ÌÂ, Ë ·Ô˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ Ê·ÈÓÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Raynaud Î·È Ù˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰·ÎÙ˘Ï›·˜ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘Ó ·fi ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ ‹ Ù˘ ÌÈÎÙ‹˜ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÈÛÙÔ‡. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ô ·Ú·ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi˜ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ·¤ÎÏÂÈÛ ÙËÓ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ˙ˆÙÈÎÒÓ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÓ. ∏ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÔۂ‚ÏË̤ÓË ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ‰¤ÚÌ·-˘Ô‰fiÚÈÔ, ÂÚÈÙÔÓ›· Î·È Ì˘˜. ¢È‹ıËÛË ·fi ÊÏÂÁÌÔÓÒ‰Ë Î‡ÙÙ·Ú· (ÏÂÌÊÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, ÈÛÙÈÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·, Ï·ÛÌ·ÙÔ·ÙÙ·Ú·) Î·È ›ÓˆÛË ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Û fiϘ ÙȘ ÛÙÔÈ‚¿‰Â˜ Â›Ó·È ÈÔ ¤ÓÙÔÓË fï˜ ÛÙËÓ Â·¯˘Ṳ̂ÓË ÂÚÈÙÔÓ›· (17). ¶·ÚÔ˘Û›· ˈÛÈÓÔÊ›ÏˆÓ ·Ó¢ڛÛÎÂÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Èο ÛÙ¿‰È· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Î·È Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÂÙ·È ¿ÌÂÛ· Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈ΋ ˈÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›·. ∏ ·Ô˘Û›· ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÓfiÛÔ. ªÂ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ·ÓÔÛÔÊıÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÚÂı› Â›Û˘, ÂÚÈ·ÁÁÂȷ΋ ÂÓ·fiıÂÛË IgG, IgM, Î·È C3 (1,6). ∆· ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚȷο Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ∏¶ ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Èο ÛÙ¿‰È· Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÊÂÚÈ΋ ˈÛÈÓÔÊÈÏ›·, ÙËÓ ˘ÂÚÁ·ÌÌ·ÛÊ·ÈÚÈÓ·ÈÌ›·, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ∆∫∂ ÛÙÔ 60-80% ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ. ∏ ·Ô˘Û›· οÔÈÔ˘ ·fi Ù· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎÏ›ÂÈ ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË (2). ¶ÂÚÈÛÙ·Ûȷο ·Ó¢ڛÛÎÔÓÙ·È ·ÓÙÈ˘ÚËÓÈο ·ÓÙÈÛÒÌ·Ù· Î·È ÚÂ˘Ì·ÙÔÂȉ‹˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ (6). ™ÙËÓ ÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â Á›ÓÂÈ ÂÚÁ·ÛÙËÚÈ·Îfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÛÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÛÙÔ ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÙˆÓ ¤ÓÙ ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ·Ó, ̤¯ÚÈ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰fi ÙÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ Ì·˜. ∏ ‰È·ÊÔÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ Á›ÓÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ Ù‡Ô˘˜ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜, ÂÓÙÔÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘ Î·È Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ·fi Ù· Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌ· ÂÈÎ¿Ï˘„˘. π‰È·›ÙÂÚË ‰˘ÛÎÔÏ›· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ë ‰È·ÊÔÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ∏¶ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔ˘˜ Ù‡Ô˘˜ ÂÓÙÔÈṲ̂ÓÔ˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ (1). ∞ÍÈÔÛËÌ›ˆÙË Â›Ó·È Ë ¿Ô„Ë ·ÚÎÂÙÒÓ Û˘ÁÁÚ·-

436

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

ʤˆÓ fiÙÈ Ë ∏¶ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÁÂÓÈÎÂ˘Ì¤Ó˘ ÌÔÚÊ·›·˜ (2,5). ∏ ∏¶ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈο Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÛÙËÓ ·fi ÙÔ˘ ÛÙfiÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉÒÓ (1-2 mg/Kg/24ˆÚÔ per os). ∞Í›˙ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ Ë ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË ÛÙ· ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉ‹ ˘‹ÚÍ ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ Î·È ÛÙË ‰È΋ Ì·˜ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·ÊÔ‡ ›¯Â ˆ˜ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙËÓ ÂÍ·Ê¿ÓÈÛË ÙˆÓ Ù˘ÈÎÒÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ Ù˘. °È· ÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ∏¶, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi Ù· ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉ‹, ˆ˜ Ê¿Ú̷η ‰Â‡ÙÂÚ˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› Ë D-ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ·Ì›ÓË, Ë ¯ÏˆÚÔΛÓË, Ë ˘‰ÚÔ͢¯ÏˆÚÔΛÓË, Ë ÛÈÌÂÙȉ›ÓË Î·È Ë ·˙·ıÂÈÔÚ›ÌË (1,6). ∆ÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· Ì ηϿ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› Ë Î˘ÎÏÔÛÔÚ›ÓË (6) Î·È Ë ÌÂıÔÙÚÂÍ¿ÙË (1,6). ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ‹ Ì·˜, Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂˆÓ Î·Ù¿ Ͽη˜ (ÌÔÚÊ·›·) ÂÎÙfi˜ ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂˆÓ Ù‡Ô˘ ÊÏÔÈÔ‡ ÔÚÙÔηÏÈÔ‡ Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ Ë ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Ó¤·˜ Ͽη˜ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ Â¤‚·Ï ÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ Ù˘ D-ÂÓÈÎÈÏÏ·Ì›Ó˘, Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎÔ˘ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Î·Ù’ ÂÍÔ¯‹Ó ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈËı› ÛÙË ıÂÚ·›· Ù˘ ÌÔÚÊ·›·˜. ŸÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙËÓ ÚfiÁÓˆÛË, ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· ηıÔÚÈÛÙ› ‰Â‰Ô̤ÓÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ù˘ ·Ô˘Û›·˜ ÛÏ·Á¯ÓÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛ‚ÔÏ‹˜, Ô ÂÓÙÔÈÛÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ‚Ï·‚ÒÓ Û ÂÚÈÔÚÈṲ̂ÓË ¤ÎÙ·ÛË, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋ ·ÓÙ·fiÎÚÈÛË ÛÙ· ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÂȉ‹ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÂÏȉÔÊfiÚ˜ ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ. ∏ ∏¶ ÌfiÓË ‹ ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ¿ÏÏÔ˘ Ù‡Ô˘ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂȘ, Û˘ÁηٷϤÁÂÙ·È Û Û¿ÓȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜. ∏ ÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ÙȘ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Ù˘ ηٿÏÏËÏ˘ ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋˜ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜. ∂ÈÚfiÛıÂÙ·, Ë Û˘Ó‡·ÚÍË ÌÈÎÙÔ‡ Ù‡Ô˘ ‰ÂÚÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÏÏÔÈÒÛÂˆÓ ˘·ÈÓ›ÛÛÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÌÔÚʤ˜ ÛÎÏËÚÔ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Èı·ÓfiÓ Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ·ÏÒ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ÛËÌ›· ÛÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ Ê¿ÛÌ· ÌÈ·˜ ‰È·Ù·Ú·Á̤Ó˘ ·ÓÔÛȷ΋˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜. µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Bernhard H, Singsen MD. Scleroderma in Childhood. Ped Clin of North America 1986;33(5):1119-1139.

2. Lakhanpal S, Ginsburg WW, Michet CJ et al. Eosinophilic fasciitis: clinical spectrum and therapeutic response in 52 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1988;17:221-231.

3. Shulman LE. Diffuse fasciitis with hypergammaglobulinemia and eosinophilia: a new syndrome. J Rheumatol 1974;II:569-570.

4. Patrone NA, Kredich DW. Eosinophilic fasciitis in a child.

Am J Dis Child 1984;138:363-365.

5. Ansell BM, Rudge S, Schaller JG. Atlas of Pediatric Reumatology. Wolfe Publishing LTD; 1991.

6. Valencia CI, Chang A, Kirsner R, Kerdel AF. Eosinophilic

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fasciitis responsive to treatment with pulsed steroid and cyclosporine. Int J Dermatol 1999;38(5):369-372.

Blauvelt A, Falanga V. Idiopathic and L-tryptophan associated eosinophilic fasciitis before and after Ltryptophan contamination. Arch Dermato 1991;127:11591166.

Smith JD et al. Possible lansoprazole-induced eosinophilic syndrome. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32(2): 196-200.

Biasi et al. Scleroderma and eosinophilic fasciitis in patients taking fosinopril. J Rheumatol 1997;24(6):1242.

Bonnotte B et al. L-tryptophan-related eosinophiliamyalgia syndrome possibly associated with a chronic Blymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 1998;77(5):235-238.

Granter SR, Barnhill RL, Duray PH. Borrelia fasciitis: diffuse fasciitis and peripheral eosinophilia associated with Borrelia infection. Am J Dermatopathol 1996;18:465473.

Hashimoto Y, Takahashi H, Matsuo S, Hinai K, Takemori N, Nakao M et al. Polymerase chain reaction of Borrelia burgdorferi flagellin gene in Shulman syndrome.

Dermatology 1996;192(2):136-139.

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

13. Farrel AM et al. Eosinophilic fasciitis associated with autoimmune thyroid disease and myelodysplasia treated with pulsed methylprednisolone and antihistamines. Br J Dermatol 1999;140(6):1185-1187.

14. Littlejohn GO, Keystone EC. Eosinophilic fasciitis and aplastic anaemia. J Rheumatol 1980;7:730-732.

15. Masuoka H et al. Eosinophilic fasciitis associated with lowgrade T-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol 1998;139(5):928-930.

16. Britto F. Patients with eosinophilic fasciitis shoud have a bone marrow examination to identify myelodysplasia. Br J Dermatol 1997;137:316-317.

17. Barnes L, Rodan GP, Medsger TA Jr et al. Eosinophilic fasciitis: A pathologic study of twenty cases. Am J Pathol 1979;96:493-507.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 01-02-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 05-09-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ∫·Ú‹˜ ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ ∑·Î‡ÓıÔ˘ 2 - ÷ϿӉÚÈ

A˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Û ÚfiˆÚ· ‰›‰˘Ì· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ™Ù¤Ê·ÓÔ˜ °·Ú‰›Î˘1, EÏ¢ıÂÚ›· X·Ù˙ˉ¿ÎË2, XÚÈÛÙ›Ó· °È·ÓÓ·ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘2, Iˆ¿ÓÓ˘ BÏ·¯¿Î˘1, ™Ù˘ÏÈ·Ófi˜ BÏ·˙¿Î˘1, °ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ X·Ú›Û˘1

● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘Ì ‰‡Ô ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÚfiˆÚˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ, ¤Ó· ·fi οı ˙‡ÁÔ˜ ‰È˙˘ÁˆÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È‰‡ÌˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û·Ó ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Î·È ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛıËÎ·Ó ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈο Ì ÂÈÙ˘¯›·. T· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂˆÓ ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ηÈÛ·ÚÈ΋ ÙÔÌ‹. H ËÏÈΛ· ·ËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‹Ù·Ó 30 Î·È 32 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ ‹Ù·Ó 1400 Î·È 2100 g ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. T· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ÓÔÛËχÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙË MÔÓ¿‰· EÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ NÔÛËÏ›·˜ NÂÔÁÓÒÓ fiÔ˘ Ù¤ıËÎÂ Î·È Ë ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ ‰È¿ÙÚËÛ˘. H ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó›ÛÙËΠ·ÈÊÓ›‰È· Ì ‰È¿Ù·ÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÏÈ¿˜ Î·È Ó¢ÌÔÂÚÈÙfiÓ·ÈÔ. TÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ ڋ͢ ÂÓÙÔ›ÛÙËΠÛÙÔ ÚfiÛıÈÔ ÙÔ›¯ˆÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ Á·ÛÙÚÔÔÈÛÔ·Ê·ÁÈ΋ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹. T· ‰›‰˘Ì· ·‰¤ÚÊÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ·Ó¤Ù˘Í·Ó ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË ÛËÌÂÈÔÏÔÁ›·. K·È Ù· Ù¤ÛÛÂÚ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ÂÍ‹Ïı·Ó ·fi ÙËÓ MÔÓ¿‰· EÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ NÔÛËÏ›·˜ NÂÔÁÓÒÓ Û ¿ÚÈÛÙË Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:437-439. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘, ÚfiˆÚÔ ÓÂÔÁÓfi, ÚfiˆÚ· ‰›‰˘Ì· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿.

S. Gardikis, E. Hatzidaki, C. Giannakopoulou, J. Vlahakis, S. Vlazakis, G. Charissis. Spontaneous gastric perforation in premature twins. Paediatriki 2000;63:437-439. ● Abstract: We describe two cases of premature neonates each of which resulted from non-identical twin pregnancies, who presented with spontaneous gastric perforation which was succesfully treated by surgery. Both infants, one girl and one boy, were delivered by emergency cesarean section. Their gestational ages were 30 and 32 weeks, and their birth weights 1400g and 2100g, respectively. The infants were in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit when the diagnosis of perforation was made. They each presented with clinically abrupt symptoms of abdominal distension and pneumoperitoneum. The sites of rupture were both located on the anterior gastric wall near the gastrooesophageal junction. The sibling twins were also observed very carefully, but developed no

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KÏÈÓÈ΋ XÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋˜ ¶·›‰ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ KÚ‹Ù˘ NÂÔÁÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋ KÏÈÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ KÚ‹Ù˘

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similar clinical symptoms. Both sets of twins were ultimately discharged from the hospital in good condition.

Key words: premature infants, twins, spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation.

EÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ O ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÚfiˆÚˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ì Ôχ ¯·ÌËÏfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ Ô˘ ÂÈ‚ÈÒÓÔ˘Ó Â›Ó·È ·Ó¿ÏÔÁÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈ¤‰Ô˘ Ù˘ ·Ú¯fiÌÂÓ˘ Ì·È¢ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È ÓÂÔÁÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰·˜. T· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Ù˘ ·Ú¯fiÌÂÓ˘ ÊÚÔÓÙ›‰·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ‚ÂÏÙȈı› ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο. AÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛ˘ Â›Ó·È Ë ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË fiÏÔ Î·È ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚˆÓ ÌÈÎÚÒÓ ÚfiˆÚˆÓ Î·È ·ÓÒÚÈÌˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ. MÈ· ·fi ÙȘ ÂÈÏÔΤ˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘. H Û˘¯ÓfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ Â›Ó·È 1 ÛÙȘ 2900 ÁÂÓÓ‹ÛÂȘ ˙ÒÓÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ. EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙ· ¿ÚÚÂÓ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Ì ۯ¤ÛË 4:1.(1) °È· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ Von Sielbond ÙÔ 1825(2). TÔ 1929 ¤ÁÈÓ ·fi ÙÔÓ Stern Ë ÚÒÙË ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÂÈÙ˘¯›·, ÂÓÒ ÙÔ 1950 ·Ó·Ê¤ÚıËΠ·fi ÙÔÓ Leger Ë ÚÒÙË ÂÈÙ˘¯‹˜ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ·.(1) ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ 1Ë ¶ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÓÂÔÁÓfi ı‹Ï˘, ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ‰È˙˘ÁˆÙÈ΋˜ ‰›‰˘Ì˘ ·ËÛ˘, Ô˘ ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËΠÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ·ËÛË 30 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ Ì ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ 1400 g Ì ηÈÛ·ÚÈ΋ ÙÔÌ‹ ÏfiÁˆ ÚfiˆÚ˘ ¤Ó·Ú͢ ÙÔÎÂÙÔ‡, Û ȉȈÙÈÎfi Ì·ÈÂ˘Ù‹ÚÈÔ. TÔ Apgar Score ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó 3 ÛÙÔ 5Ô ÏÂÙfi ˙ˆ‹˜. H ÌËÙ¤Ú· ‹Ù·Ó ˘ÁÈ‹˜, ËÏÈΛ·˜ 24 ÂÙÒÓ. AӷʤÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó Ë ÚÒÙË Ù˘ ·ËÛË Ô˘ ÂÈÙ‡¯ıËΠ̠Â͈ۈ̷ÙÈ΋ ÁÔÓÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË.

EÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ÔͤˆÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ˘ÔÍ›·˜, ÙÔ ÓÂÔÁÓfi Ù¤ıËΠ۠Ì˯·ÓÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ·Ó·ÓÔ‹˜ Î·È ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ì ·ÌÈÎÈÏ›ÓË Î·È ÓÂÙÈÏÌÈΛÓË. ŒÁÈÓ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· ıÒڷη Ù˘ ÔÔ›·˜ Ù· Â˘Ú‹Ì·Ù· ‹Ù·Ó Û˘Ì‚·Ù¿ Ì ‹ÈÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·˜ Ù‡Ô˘ I. TË ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË Ë̤ڷ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÔÈ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Ì˯·ÓÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢ ›¯·Ó ÌÂȈı›, Ô ·fiÏ˘ÙÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÔ‡ÚËÓˆÓ ‹Ù·Ó ÛÂ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο Â›‰·, ÂÓÒ ·fi ÙȘ ηÏÏȤÚÁÂȘ ·›Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÔÓˆÙÈ·›Ô˘ ˘ÁÚÔ‡ Ô˘ ›¯·Ó ÏËÊı› ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â ·ÔÌÔÓˆı› ÌÈÎÚÔÔÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜. TËÓ ÙÚ›ÙË Ë̤ڷ ˙ˆ‹˜ (66 ÒÚ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË) ÙÔ ÓÂÔÁÓfi ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ‰È¿Ù·ÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÏÈ¿˜, ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÈ΋ ÔͤˆÛË Î·È ·‡ÍËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·fiÏ˘ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÔ‡ÚËÓˆÓ Û ·ıÔÏÔÁÈο Â›‰· (17500/mm3) . ŒÁÈÓ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ıÒڷη Î·È ÎÔÈÏÈ¿˜ Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ·ÂÎ¿Ï˘„ ÂχıÂÚÔ ·¤Ú· οو ·fi ÙÔ ‰È¿ÊÚ·ÁÌ· (EÈÎfiÓ· 1). TÔ ÓÂÔÁÓfi ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÙËÓ 71Ë ÒÚ· ˙ˆ‹˜. ¢ÈÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈο ·Ó¢ڤıËΠۯÈ-

438

ÛÌÔÂȉ‹˜ ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÂÓÙÔÈ˙fiÌÂÓË ÛÙÔ Ì›˙ÔÓ ÙfiÍÔ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ 3 cm ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙË Á·ÛÙÚÔÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈ΋ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹. TÔ ‰ˆ‰Âη‰¿ÎÙ˘ÏÔ, ÙÔ ÏÂÙfi Î·È ÙÔ ·¯‡ ¤ÓÙÂÚÔ ‚Ú¤ıËÎ·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈο. ŒÁÈÓ Ó·ÚÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ‚Ï¿‚˘ Î·È Û˘ÚÚ·Ê‹ Û ¤Ó· ÛÙÚÒÌ·.

H ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ‹Ù·Ó ÔÌ·Ï‹ Î·È Ù· ‰‡Ô ‰›‰˘Ì· ‹Ú·Ó ÂÍÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ ·fi ÙË MÔÓ¿‰· EÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ NÔÛËÏ›·˜ NÂÔÁÓÒÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi 35 Ë̤Ú˜ ÓÔÛËÏ›·˜ Û ¿ÚÈÛÙË ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË.

2Ë ¶ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ÓÂÔÁÓfi ¿ÚÚÂÓ ÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ‰È˙˘ÁˆÙÈ΋˜ ‰›‰˘Ì˘ ·ËÛ˘ Ô˘ ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËΠÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ·ËÛË 32 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰ˆÓ Ì ‚¿ÚÔ˜ Á¤ÓÓËÛ˘ 2100 g Ì ηÈÛ·ÚÈ΋ ÙÔÌ‹. H ÌËÙ¤Ú· ‹Ù·Ó ‰Â˘ÙÂÚÔÙfiÎÔ˜, ËÏÈΛ·˜ 26 ÂÙÒÓ, ˘ÁÈ‹˜. TÔ Apgar Score ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ‹Ù·Ó 4 ÛÙÔ 5Ô ÏÂÙfi. TÔ ÓÂÔÁÓfi Ù¤ıËΠ۠Ì˯·ÓÈ΋ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË Ù˘ ·Ó·ÓÔ‹˜ Î·È ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ì ·ÌÈÎÈÏ›ÓË Î·È ÓÂÙÈÏÌÈΛÓË. §›Á˜ ÒÚ˜ ·ÚÁfiÙÂÚ· (26Ë ÒÚ· ˙ˆ‹˜), ÙÔ ÓÂÔÁÓfi ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ‰È¿Ù·ÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÏÈ¿˜ Î·È ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·. O ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Ô˘ ¤ÁÈÓ ·ÔÎ¿Ï˘„ ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÂχıÂÚÔ˘ ·¤Ú· ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏÈ¿ Î·È ÙÔ fiÛ¯ÂÔ. TÔ ÓÂÔÁÓfi ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËΠÙËÓ 33Ë ÒÚ· ˙ˆ‹˜. H ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ‹Ù·Ó ÛÙÔ ÚfiÛıÈÔ ÙÔ›¯ˆÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙËÓ Á·ÛÙÚÔÔÈÛÔÊ·ÁÈ΋ Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ 4 cm. O ˘fiÏÔÈÔ˜ Á·ÛÙÚÂÓÙÂÚÈÎfi˜ ۈϋӷ˜ ‹Ù·Ó Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜. ŒÁÈÓÂ Û˘ÚÚ·Ê‹ Û ‰‡Ô ÛÙÚÒÌ·Ù· ·ÊÔ‡ ÚÔËÁ‹ıËΠӷÚÔÔ›ËÛË. ™ÙËÓ 20Ë Ë̤ڷ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ù· ‰‡Ô ‰›‰˘Ì· ·‰¤ÚÊÈ· ‹Ú·Ó ÂÍÈÙ‹ÚÈÔ ·fi ÙË MÔÓ¿‰· EÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ NÔÛËÏ›·˜ NÂÔÁÓÒÓ Û ¿ÚÈÛÙË ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË. ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË H ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ·˘ÙfiÌ·Ù˘ ‰È¿ÙÚËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ ÛÙ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙ‹. K·Ù¿ ηÈÚÔ‡˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÓÔ¯ÔÔÈËı› ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ¤˜ ‰È¿ÊÔÚÔÈ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ fiˆ˜ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ˘‰ÚÔÛÙ·ÙÈ΋ ›ÂÛË Û·Ó Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ˘ÂډȿٷÛ˘, ηٷÛ΢·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ Ì˘˚ÎÔ‡ ÙÔȯÒÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘, ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ˘Í›·, È·ÙÚÔÁÂÓ‹˜ ÚfiÎÏËÛË ·fi ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË ÚÈÓÔÁ·ÛÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ηıÂÙ‹Ú·, Á·ÛÙÚÈ΋ ˘ÂÚÔ͇ÙËÙ· ÛÂ Û˘Ó‰˘·ÛÌfi Ì ˘ÔÍ›· Î·È ÈÛ¯·ÈÌ›·. XÚ‹ÛË Ê·ÚÌ¿ÎˆÓ fiˆ˜ ÙÔÏ·˙ÔÏ›ÓË Û Ó¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ˘¤ÚÙ·ÛË, ÈÓ‰ÔÌÂı·Î›ÓË Û ·Ú·ÌÔÓ‹ ·ÓÔÈÎÙÔ‡ ‚ÔÙ·Ï›Ԣ fiÚÔ˘ Î·È ÎÔÚÙÈÎÔÛÙÂÚÔÂȉ‹ Û ‚ÚÔÁ¯ÔÓ¢ÌÔÓÈ΋ ‰˘ÛÏ·Û›· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘Û¯ÂÙÈÛı› ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁÈο Ì ÙË ÓfiÛÔ (3-7). ™Â ÚfiÛÊ·ÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ë ¤ÏÏÂÈ„Ë ÙˆÓ C-KIT+ ÈÛÙÈÔ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ ·fi ÙÔ ÙÔ›¯ˆÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Û˘Û¯ÂÙ›ÛıËΠ·ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁÈο Ì ÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Ù˘ ·˘ÙfiÌ·Ù˘ ‰È¿ÙÚËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ (8).

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H ÓfiÛÔ˜ ÂΉËÏÒÓÂÙ·È ÎÏÈÓÈο Ì ‰È¿Ù·ÛË Ù˘ ÎÔÈÏÈ¿˜, ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÂÈ·, ¿ÚÓËÛË Ï‹„˘ ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ Î·È ÂËÚ·Ṳ̂ÓË ÁÂÓÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË, Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÌÂٷ͇ 2˘ Î·È 5˘ Ë̤ڷ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜. H Ú‹ÍË Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÂÓÙÔ›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ì›˙ÔÓ ÙfiÍÔ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘. O ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈÎfi˜ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ·ÔηχÙÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÂχıÂÚÔ˘ ·¤Ú· ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÏÈ¿ Ì ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏË ·Ô˘Û›· ·¤Ú· ·fi ÙÔ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯È (5).

H ıÓËÙfiÙËÙ· Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÊÙ¿ÓÂÈ ÙÔ 25%. H ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÔͤˆÛ˘ Î·È ˘ÔÓ·ÙÚÈ·ÈÌ›·˜ ÂÈ‚·Ú‡ÓÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÙËÓ ÚfiÁÓˆÛË (5). ™ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘ÌÂ, Ù· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ì ηÈÛ·ÚÈ΋ ÙÔÌ‹. ◊Ù·Ó Ù· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚ· ÙˆÓ ‰È‰‡ÌˆÓ ΢‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÁÓˆÛÙfi fiÙÈ ÂÎÙ›ıÂÓÙ·È Û ÛÔ‚·ÚfiÙÂÚÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎfi stress. Œ¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› ÛÙË ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·˘ÙfiÌ·Ù˘ ‰È¿ÙÚËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ Î·È ÛÙ· ‰˘Ô ÙˆÓ ‰È‰‡ÌˆÓ (9,10). T· ‰›‰˘Ì· ·‰¤ÚÊÈ· ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘Ì ‰ÂÓ ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ·Ó ·Ó¿ÏÔÁË ÛËÌÂÈÔÏÔÁ›·. ™ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚԉȷÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋ Ì·˜ ÛΤ„Ë ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Û˘ÌÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Ë ÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ·fiÊÚ·ÍË, Ë

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

ÓÂÎÚˆÙÈ΋ ÂÓÙÂÚÔÎÔÏ›Ùȉ·, Ë ÛË„·ÈÌ›·, Ô Ó¢ÌÔıÒڷη˜ ˘fi Ù¿ÛË Î·È ÙÔ È‰ÈÔ·ı¤˜ Ó¢ÌÔÂÚÈÙfiÓ·ÈÔ.

H ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË Â›Ó·È ¿ÌÂÛË ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ Û˘ÚÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ‚Ï¿‚˘, Û ¤Ó· ‹ ‰‡Ô ÛÙÚÒÌ·Ù·, Î·È ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹ Ì ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋ ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ˘ÁÚÒÓ Î·È ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÏ˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·Ï˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ, ·ÚÂÓÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ‰È·ÙÚÔÊ‹˜ Î·È ·ÓÙÈ‚ÈÔÙÈÎÒÓ(11).

H ·˘ÙfiÌ·ÙË ‰È¿ÙÚËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÔÌ¿¯Ô˘ ÛÙ· ÓÂÔÁÓ¿ Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÂÈ Û¿ÓÈ·. ¶Ôχ‰˘Ì˜ ΢‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ÚÔˆÚfiÙËÙ· Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÂÚÈÁÂÓÓËÙÈÎfi stress Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÈÛ¯˘Úfi ÂÈ‚·Ú˘ÓÙÈÎfi ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·. H ¤ÁηÈÚË ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË ·fi ÙÔÓ ÎÏÈÓÈÎfi, Ë ÛˆÛÙ‹ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË Î·È Ë ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚË ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË Â›Ó·È ÎÚÈÙÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÈ‚›ˆÛË Î·È ÁÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·Ï‹ ÔÚ›· ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÁÓÒÓ.

BÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· 1. Rosser Sb, Clark CH, Elechi EN. Spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation. J Pediatr Surg 1982;17: 390-394.

2. Siebold EA. Darmperforation in Neugeborenen. J Geburteh Frauenzimmer Kinderk 1825;5:3.

3. Holgersen LO. The etiology of spontaneous gastric perforation of the newborn. A reevaluation. J Pediatr Surg 1981;16:608-613.

4. Shashikumar VL, Bassuk A, Pilling GPIV, Creson SL. Spontaneous gastric rupture in the newborn. A clinical review of nineteen cases. Ann Surg 1975;182:22-25.

5. Grosfeld JL, Molinari F, Chaet M, Engum SA, West KW, Resclora FJ et al. Gastrointestinal perforation and peritonitis in infants and children. Experience with 179 cases over ten years. Surgery 1996;120:650-655; discussion 655-656.

6. L1oyd JR. The etiology of gastrointestinal perforation in the newborn. J Pediatr Surg 1969;4:77-84.

7. Nagaraj HS, Sandhu AS, Cook LN, Buchino JJ, Groff DB. Gastrointestinal perforation following indomethacin therapy in very low birth weight infant. J Pediatr Surg 1981;16:1003-1007.

8. Yamataka A, Yamataka T, Kobayashi H, Sueyoshi N, Miyano T. Lack of C-KIT+ mast cells and the development of idiopathic gastric perforation in neonates. J Pediatr Surg 1999;34:34-38.

9. Guillois B, Parent P, Gaudin J, Jehannin B, Alix D. Neonatal gastric perforation in twins. Pediatr Surg Int 1987;2:255-256.

10. Hay SA, Mahmoud SAR. Idiopathic gastrointestinal perforation in premature twins. Pediatr Surg Int 1994;9:522-523.

11. Young AE, Sury MR. Spontaneous neonatal gastric perforation. Paediatr Anaesth 1996;6:143-145.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 17-05-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 07-06-2000

EÈÎfiÓ· 1. AÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Û˘Ì‚·Ù‹ Ì ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÂχıÂÚÔ˘ ·¤Ú· οو ·fi ÙÔ ‰È¿ÊÚ·ÁÌ·.

¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: XÚÈÛÙ›Ó· °È·ÓÓ·ÎÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ AÙÏ·ÓÙ›‰Ô˜ 37, 71305 HÚ¿ÎÏÂÈÔ

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EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

™˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË ÎÏÂȉfi˜: ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ £Âfi‰ˆÚÔ˜ ªÂÛϛη˜, ∫˘ÚÈ¿ÎÔ˜ ¶··‚·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ, ¡ÈÎfiÏ·Ô˜ ¶¿ÓÔ˘, °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ¶··‰ËÌËÙÚ›Ô˘, µ·Û›ÏÂÈÔ˜ ¶··‚·ÛÈÏ›Ԣ ● ¶ÂÚ›ÏË„Ë: ∏ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›· Û˘Ó¤ÓˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ˘Ú‹ÓˆÓ ÔÛÙ¤ˆÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÛÙÔ‡ ηٿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ÂÓ‰ÔÌËÙÚ›Ô˘ ˙ˆ‹˜. ™ÙË ÌÂϤÙË ·˘Ù‹ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È Ë ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÌÈ·˜ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ 6 ÂÙÒÓ Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÙËΠ̠‰È¤ÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Û˘ÁÎÚ¿ÙËÛË Î·È ‰ÈfiÚıˆÛË Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÁfiÙˆÓ Ì ۇÛÙËÌ· Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘. ªÂ ÙËÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· Ù˘ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û˘ ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ Ì·˜, Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·Ó·ÛÎfiËÛË Ù˘ ‰ÈÂıÓÔ‡˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ·ÈÙÈÔ·ıÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ Û¿ÓÈ·˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ ‰È·Ì·ÚÙ›·˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ‹ Ù˘. ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋ 2000;63:440-443. §¤ÍÂȘ ÎÏÂȉȿ: Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË, ÎÏ›‰·, ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË.

T. Beslikas, K. Papavasiliou, N. Panou, G. Papadimitriou, V. Papavasiliou. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: A case report. Paediatriki 2000;63:440-443. ● Abstract: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle is caused by a failure of normal ossification of the precartilaginous bridge connecting the acromial and sternal ossific centers of the clavicle during gestation. We present the case of a 6 year old female patient who was treated with resection of the pseudarthrosis and external fixation of the clavicle. A review of the literature regarding the aetiological factors and methods of treatment of this rare congenital malformation is presented.

Key words: congenital pseudarthrosis, clavicle, surgical treatment.

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ∏ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· Û¿ÓÈ· ¿ıËÛË. ª¤¯ÚÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰ËÌÔÛÈ¢Ù› ÛÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÂÚ›Ô˘ 110 ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ (1-7), ¤ÂÈÙ· ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ Ù˘ ÙÔ 1910 ·fi ÙÔÓ Fitzwilliams (8). ∏ ¿ıËÛË, ÛÙËÓ ÏÂÈÔÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÂÚÈÙÒÛˆÓ, ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÂÙÂÚfiÏ¢ڷ Î·È ‰ÂÍÈ¿. ™ËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙËÓ ·ÈÙÈÔ·ıÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ ¿ıËÛ˘ ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Ë ‰ÈÂÚÁ·Û›· ÂÌ‚Ú˘ÔÁ¤ÓÂÛ˘ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. ∏ ÎÏ›‰· Â›Ó·È ¤Ó· ˘ÌÂÓÔÁÂÓ¤˜ ÔÛÙÔ‡Ó Î·È ÂÈϤÔÓ ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÒÙË ÔÛÙÈ΋ «Ì¿˙·» Ë ÔÔ›· ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ·Ó·Ù˘ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ ¤Ì‚Ú˘Ô. ∞Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÂÙ·È Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ 4Ë Â‚‰ÔÌ¿‰· (Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ÂÌ‚Ú‡Ô˘ 11 mm) ˆ˜ Ì›· ÌÂÛÂÁ¯˘Ì·ÙÈ΋ «Ͽη» ΢ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Î¿Ùˆ ·fi ÙËÓ ÚÔ-ÎÔÚ·ÎÔÂȉ‹ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹. ¢‡Ô ˘Ú‹Ó˜ ÔÛÙ¤ˆÛ˘ (¤Ó·˜ ·ÎÚˆÌÈ·Îfi˜ Î·È ¤Ó·˜ ÛÙÂÚÓÈÎfi˜) Â›Ó·È ˘‡ı˘ÓÔÈ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÓÔÛÙ¤ˆÛË ÙˆÓ

ÚÔ-¯fiÓ‰ÚÈÓˆÓ Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚÒÛÂˆÓ Î˘ÙÙ¿ÚˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ 7Ë ÂÌ‚Ú˘˚΋ ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰·. OÔÈÔ‰‹ÔÙ ·›ÙÈÔ ·ÚÂÌÔ‰›ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ÔÛÙÂÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÚÔ-¯fiÓ‰ÚÈÓ˘ Á¤Ê˘Ú·˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰‡Ô ˘Ú‹Ó˜ ÔÛÙ¤ˆÛ˘, Ô‰ËÁ› ÛÙËÓ ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. ∞fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ (910), ÈÔ Èı·Ófi Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ ·›ÙÈÔ ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È Ë ›ÂÛË Ô˘ ·ÛÎÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÏÏfiÌÂÓË ˘ÔÎÏ›‰ÈÔ ·ÚÙËÚ›·, Ô˘ ‰Ú· ˆ˜ ·Ó·ÛÙ·ÏÙÈÎfi˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÔÛÙÂÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÙÌËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ Ë ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ˘ÔÎÏ›‰ÈÔ˜ ·ÚÙËÚ›· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ˘„ËÏfiÙÂÚË ·Ó·ÙÔÌÈ΋ ı¤ÛË ·fi ÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹, ÂÍËÁ› Î·È ÙË Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚË ÂÌÊ¿ÓÈÛË ÛÙË ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÎÏ›‰·. OÈ ÂÚÈÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓ˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹˜ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ ÛÙË ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·, ›Ù ÂÓÙ¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Û ·ÌÊÔÙÂÚfiÏ¢ÚË ‰È·Ì·ÚÙ›· (Ì ˘„ËÏ‹ ı¤ÛË Î·È ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ˘ÔÎÏÂȉ›ˆÓ ·ÚÙËÚÈÒÓ ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ ‡·Ú͢ ·˘¯ÂÓÈÎÒÓ Ï¢ÚÒÓ ‹ οıÂÙ·

µ' OÚıÔ·È‰È΋ ∫ÏÈÓÈ΋ ∞ÚÈÛÙÔÙÂÏ›Ԣ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ ¡.°.¡. £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ “°. °ÂÓÓËÌ·Ù¿˜”

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ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·ÓˆÙ¤ÚˆÓ Ï¢ÚÒÓ) ›ÙÂ Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ì ·Ó·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÛÏ¿¯ÓˆÓ Î·È ‰ÂÍÈÔηډ›·. ÕÏϘ Èı·Ó¤˜ ·Èٛ˜ ·ÚÂÌfi‰ÈÛ˘ Ù˘ Û˘ÓÔÛÙ¤ˆÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ˘Ú‹ÓˆÓ ÔÛÙ¤ˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ¤ÎÙÔ˜ ·˘¯ÂÓÈΤ˜ Ï¢ڤ˜, Ë ·Ó˘„ˆÌ¤ÓË ı¤ÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÒÙˆÓ Ï¢ÚÒÓ Î·È Ë Î·Î‹ ÂÓ‰ÔÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÌ‚Ú‡Ô˘ (9). ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ fiÙÈ ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê› Û ¿ÙÔÌ· Ù˘ ›‰È·˜ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·˜ (10) Ô‰‹ÁËÛ ÛÙË ‰È·Ù‡ˆÛË Ù˘ ıˆڛ·˜ fiÙÈ Ë ¿ıËÛË ÎÏËÚÔÓÔÌÂ›Ù·È Î·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ ·˘ÙÔۈ̷ÙÈÎfi ˘ÔÏÂÈfiÌÂÓÔ ¯·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú·. ∆Ô ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ Î·Ù¤ÛÙË ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ÂȂ‚·Èˆı›. ∏ Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ ÎÏÈÓÈο ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ˆ˜ Ì›· ·ÓÒ‰˘ÓË ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË Ù˘ ¤Íˆ ÌÔ›Ú·˜ ÙÔ˘ ̤ÛÔ˘ ÙÚÈÙËÌÔÚ›Ô˘ Ù˘, Á›ÓÂÙ·È ·ÓÙÈÏËÙ‹ ‰Â ηٿ ÙË Á¤ÓÓËÛË ‹ ÙË ÓÂÔÁÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô. ™ÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘, Ù· ‰‡Ô ¿ÎÚ· Ù˘ Â›Ó·È ‰ÈÔÁΈ̤ӷ, ÂÓÒ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¿ÏÏÔÙ ¿ÏÏÔ˘ ‚·ıÌÔ‡ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ¿ ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô ·ÎÚˆÌÈ·Îfi ¿ÎÚÔ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ ÙÒÛË ÏfiÁˆ ÙÔ˘ ‚¿ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘, ÂÓÒ Ô ÒÌÔ˜ Ô˘ ÙÔ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÛÙÚÂÊfiÌÂÓÔ˜ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· Î·È ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¤Ûˆ, ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÈÔ ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÛÙÔ ÛÙ¤ÚÓÔ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚfi ÒÌÔ. ∏ ·Ú·ÌfiÚʈÛË ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÙÔÓ Ú˘ıÌfi ·Ó¿Ù˘Í˘ ÙÔ˘ ÛÒÌ·ÙÔ˜, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· fiÙ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·ÚÎÂÙ‹ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘. ∆Ô ‰¤ÚÌ· ÙÔÈο Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÏÂÙfi Î·È ·ÙÚÔÊÈÎfi, ÙÔ ¤Ûˆ ¯Â›ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ˆÌÔÏ¿Ù˘ ÚÔÂͤ¯ÂÈ Î·È Ë ·Ú·ÌfiÚʈÛË ·˘Í¿ÓÂÈ Û ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ fiÙ·Ó Ô ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜ ·Ó·ÛËÎÒÓÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÒÌÔ˘˜. ªÔÚ› Ó· ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ‹ÈÔ˜ fiÓÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÙÔ˘ ÒÌÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙÔ ¿Óˆ ËÌÈÌfiÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ‚Ú·¯ÈÔÓ›Ô˘, ÂÓÒ ÌÂÚÈÎÔ› ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÛıÂÓ›˜ ‰È·Ì·ÚÙ‡ÚÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ·‰˘Ó·Ì›· ‹ ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ··ÁˆÁ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Û‡ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô˘ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘. ∞ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈο ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋ ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÔÛÙÈÎÒÓ ¿ÎÚˆÓ: ·ÎÚˆÌÈ·ÎÔ‡ Î·È ÛÙÂÚÓÈÎÔ‡ (EÈÎfiÓ· 1).

EÈÎfiÓ· 1. ∏ ÚÔÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜. ¢È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ë Â˘ÌÂÁ¤ı˘ ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¤Íˆ Î·È Ì¤ÛÔ˘ ÙÚÈÙËÌÔÚ›Ô˘ Ù˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜ ÎÏÂȉfi˜.

EӉȷʤÚÔ˘Û˜ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ

∏ ‰È·ÊÔÚÈ΋ ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙȘ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ·ı‹ÛÂȘ: 1. ª·È¢ÙÈÎfi οٷÁÌ·. AӷʤÚÂÙ·È ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÙÚ·˘Ì·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡ ηٿ ÙÔÓ ÙÔÎÂÙfi, Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ „¢‰Ô·Ú¿Ï˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ Ì ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ ÂÎÔ‡ÛÈ·˜ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È fiÓÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ·ıËÙÈΤ˜ ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Û‡ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô˘ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘. ∞ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈο, ‰È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È ÂÌÊ·Ó‹˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÒÚÔ˘ Ï›Á˜ Ë̤Ú˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÙËÓ Î¿ÎˆÛË.

2. ªÂÙ·ÙÚ·˘Ì·ÙÈ΋ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË. À¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÙÚ·˘Ì·ÙÈÛÌÔ‡. ∞ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈο, Ù· ¿ÎÚ· ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÁfiÙˆÓ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÏÂÙ¿ Î·È fi¯È ‰ÈÔÁΈ̤ӷ fiˆ˜ ÛÙË Û˘ÁÁÂÓ‹ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË.

3. ∫ÏÂȉÔÎÚ·Óȷ΋ ‰˘ÛfiÛÙˆÛË. ∏ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Â›Ó·È ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈ΋, Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÛÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÎÚ·Ó›Ô˘, fiˆ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ˘ÂÏÈÎÔ‡ ‰·ÎÙ˘Ï›Ô˘.

4. ¡Â˘ÚÔ˚ӈ̿وÛË. À¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏϘ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ÓfiÛÔ˘ fiˆ˜ ηÊÂfi¯ÚˆÂ˜ ÎËÏ›‰Â˜, ÛÎÔÏ›ˆÛË ÎÏ. ŸÙ·Ó Ë ¿ıËÛË ‰ÂÓ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› ·ÈÛıËÙÈο ‹ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ‰ÂÓ Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿Ù·È Î·Ì›· ıÂÚ·›·. ™ÙȘ ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·ÛıÂÓÒÓ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ıÂÚ·¢ÙÈ΋ ·ÁˆÁ‹, ·˘Ù‹ Â›Ó·È ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ Î·È ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙË ‰È¤ÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÁfiÙˆÓ. ∏ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛË Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÓ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Ì Ͽη Î·È ‚›‰Â˜, Ì ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘ÂÏÈ΋ ‹ÏˆÛË ‹ Ì ÙËÓ ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙË Û˘ÁÎÚ¿ÙËÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÁfiÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘. ∏ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· ÚÔηϤÛÂÈ ‚Ú¿¯˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ ÔÛÙÔ‡ Î·È Ó· ··ÈÙËı› Ë ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË ÔÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÛ¯Â˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. ¶ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛ˘ ∫ÔÚ›ÙÛÈ ËÏÈΛ·˜ 6 ÂÙÒÓ, ÚÔÛ‹Ïı ÛÙ· Ù·ÎÙÈο Â͈ÙÂÚÈο È·ÙÚ›· Ù˘ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋˜ Ì·˜ Ì ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÌÂÁ¤ıÔ˘˜ ÂÚ›Ô˘ 2,5 cm ÛÙ· fiÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ̤ÛÔ˘ Î·È ¤Íˆ ÙÚÈÙËÌÔÚ›Ô˘ Ù˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ (ÂÈÎfiÓ· 1). ∫ÏÈÓÈο ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠfiÙÈ Ë ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË Â›¯Â ˘Ê‹ Ì·Ïı·Î‹, ‰È¤ÎÔÙ ‰Â ÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· Ù˘ ‰È¿Ê˘Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÔÛÙÔ‡ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ·Ó¤ÊÂÚ·Ó fiÙÈ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ·Ó ÙË ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÛÙË ÓÂÔÁÓÈ΋ ËÏÈΛ·. ¢ÂÓ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfi ÂÚÁÒ‰Ô˘˜ ÙÔÎÂÙÔ‡ ‹ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÁÂÓ¤ÛÙÂÚË Î¿ÎˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜. ∏ ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ·˘Í·ÓfiÙ·Ó Û ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ Ì ÙȘ ÎÈÓ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ÒÌÔ˘ Î·È Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ··ÁˆÁ‹ Î·È ·Ó‡„ˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘. OÈ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Û·Ó ‹ÈÔ ¿ÏÁÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ ‰ÈfiÁΈÛ˘. ∏ ÎÏÈÓÈ΋ ÂͤٷÛË Î·È Ë Î·Ù¿ ̤وÔ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ÒÌÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜, ¤ıÂÛ·Ó ÙË ‰È¿ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ Û˘ÁÁÂÓÔ‡˜ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘. ∞ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈο ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÂÚÓÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ·ÎÚˆÌÈ·ÎÔ‡ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ Ù˘ (EÈÎfiÓ· 2).

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EÈÎfiÓ· 2. ¶ÚÔÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ·. ¢È·ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Ë „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛË ÛÙË ‰È¿Ê˘ÛË Ù˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ë ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÛÙÂÚÓÈÎÔ‡ Î·È ·ÎÚˆÌÈ·ÎÔ‡ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘.

EÈÎfiÓ· 3. ∞ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘.

∂Í·ÈÙ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÛÌËÙÈÎÒÓ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ÒÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘, ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ·Ô‰¤¯ıËÎ·Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÙÂÈÓfiÌÂÓË ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ıÂÚ·›·. ªÂ ÂÈÌ‹ÎË ÙÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÚÌ·ÙÔ˜ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ 3 cm ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙË ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜, ·Ó¢ڤıËÎ·Ó Î·È ·Ú·Û΢¿ÛÙËÎ·Ó Ù· ‰‡Ô ÔÛÙÈο ¿ÎÚ· Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·Ú·Û΢‹ Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛÂ Ë ‰È¤ÎÚÈÛ‹ Ù˘. ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ıËÎ·Ó Ì ÂÈ̤ÏÂÈ· fiÏ· Ù· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÙÔ˘ ÈÓÒ‰Ô˘˜ Û˘Ó‰ÂÙÈÎÔ‡ ÈÛÙÔ‡ Ô˘ ·ÚÂÌ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·Ó ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ¿ÎÚˆÓ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. ™ÙÔ ÛÙÂÚÓÈÎfi Î·È ÙÔ ·ÎÚˆÌÈ·Îfi ¿ÎÚÔ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ ÙÔÔıÂÙ‹ıËÎ·Ó ‰‡Ô Ú·‚‰ˆÙÔ› ‹ÏÔÈ ‰È·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘ 2 mm ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ Tubular. ªÂ ÙË ‚Ô‹ıÂÈ· ÙˆÓ Ú·‚‰ˆÙÒÓ ‹ÏˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÎÈÓËÙÔÔÈ‹ıËηÓ, Û˘ÌÏËÛÈ¿ÛıËÎ·Ó Î·È Û˘ÌȤÛıËÎ·Ó Ù· ηÙ·ÁfiÙ· ¿ÎÚ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÛÙÔ‡ (EÈÎfiÓ· 3). ∏ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜ η٤ÛÙË ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË

ÔÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÛ¯Â˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ. ∞ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ ·Ï‹ ·Ó¿ÚÙËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ ÁÈ· 3 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜. ∆Ô Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ (EÈÎfiÓ· 4) ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ıËΠ3 Ì‹Ó˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘. ∂ÌÊ·Ó‹˜ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÒÚÔ˘ ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠ4 ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Â¤Ì‚·ÛË Î·È Ï‹Ú˘ ÒÚˆÛË 3 Ì‹Ó˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Â¤Ì‚·ÛË. ∫·Ù¿ ÙËÓ Â·ÓÂͤٷÛË (¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ 2 ¤ÙË), ‰È·ÈÛÙÒıËΠÎÏÈÓÈο Ë ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÛÙÔ‡ Î·È Ë Î·Ï‹ ÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ÒÌÔ˘ Î·È ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘. ∏ ÙÂÏÈ΋ ·ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· (EÈÎfiÓ· 5) ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ÈηÓÔÔÈËÙÈ΋. ∞Ó Î·È Ë ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÎÏ›‰· ˘ÔÏ›ÂÙ·È 1 cm ÛÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Û˘ÁÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓË Ì ÙËÓ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹, ¤¯ÂÈ Ê˘ÛÈÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ϤÔÓ ‰È¿Ê˘ÛË. ∏ ÂχıÂÚË ϤÔÓ ÎÈÓËÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ÒÌÔ˘ Î·È ‰ÂÍÈÔ‡ ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ (¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ÙÔÈÎfi ¿ÏÁÔ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘) ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÎÔÛÌËÙÈÎfi ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· (EÈÎfiÓ· 6), ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ˆ˜ ÂÈÙ˘¯‹ ÙËÓ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ Â¤Ì‚·ÛË.

EÈÎfiÓ· 4. ∏ ı¤ÛË ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ ÛÙËÓ ÎÏ›‰·.

EÈÎfiÓ· 5. ∞ÎÙÈÓÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· 2 ¤ÙË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ‰È¤ÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘. ¢È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ‰È¿Ê˘Û˘ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜.

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∏ ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â͈ÙÂÚÈ΋˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ Â›Ó·È ÌÈ· Ó¤· ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ Ô˘ ÏÂÔÓÂÎÙ› fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ ÎÔÛÌËÙÈÎfi ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·, ηıÒ˜ ·Ê‹ÓÂÈ ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÌÂÙÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈ΋ Ô˘Ï‹, ÂÓÒ ‰ÂÓ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË Â¤Ì‚·ÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ÙˆÓ ˘ÏÈÎÒÓ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘. ø˜ ÌÂÈÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ· Ù˘ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ıˆÚËı› Ë ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ‹˜ ÂÚÈÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ ÁÈ· fiÛÔ ¯ÚÔÓÈÎfi ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ʤÚÂÈ ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ·. µÈ‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·

EÈÎfiÓ· 6. ∏ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ·ÛıÂÓÔ‡˜ 2 ¤ÙË ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ Â¤Ì‚·ÛË. ¢È·ÈÛÙÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ·ÈÛıËÙÈ΋ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Ù˘ ‰ÂÍÈ¿˜ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. ™˘˙‹ÙËÛË ∂Í·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ Û·ÓÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ ¿ıËÛ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘¯ÓÒÓ ·ÔÙ˘¯ÈÒÓ Î·È ÛÔ‚·ÚÒÓ ÂÈÏÔÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚËÙÈÎÒÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·Û˘, ‰ÂÓ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÈ· ÁÂÓÈο ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ‹ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· Ó· ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ÂÎÏÔÁ‹˜(7). O Wall(11) ıˆÚ› fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È Î·Ì›· ıÂÚ·›·. ∂ÊfiÛÔÓ fï˜, ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ‹ Ô ÌÈÎÚfi˜ ·ÛıÂÓ‹˜, ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Ó· ·Ê·ÈÚÂı› Ë ‰ÈfiÁΈÛË ÁÈ· ÎÔÛÌËÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ‹ ÂÂȉ‹ Û˘Ó˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙÔ›¯Ô˘ ÒÌÔ˘ Î·È ¿Óˆ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ ÙfiÙ Ú¤ÂÈ Ë ¿ıËÛË Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ·È ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈο(12).

H ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ Î·È ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙË Û˘ÁÎÚ¿ÙËÛË ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ¿ÎÚˆÓ Ù˘ ÎÏÂȉfi˜. ∏ ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘ÂÏÈ΋ ‹ÏˆÛË Ì ‚ÂÏfiÓË Steinmann Â›Ó·È Ë Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ Ô˘ ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ Ô Tachdjan(8), ÌÔÏÔÓfiÙÈ ·fi ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ ÂÈÛËÌ·›ÓÂÙ·È Ô Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ˜ Ù˘ «ÌÂÙ·Ó¿ÛÙ¢Û˘» Ù˘ ‚ÂÏfiÓ˘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¤Ûˆ Î·È Ù˘ ·ÛÙ·ıÔ‡˜ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘ Ô˘ ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ì ÙË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô ·˘Ù‹. OÚÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ (13-15) ÚÔÙÈÌÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛË Ì Ͽη Î·È ‚›‰Â˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË ÌÔÛ¯Â˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ. O Owen(16) ÚÔÙ›ÓÂÈ ‰È¤ÎÚÈÛË Ù˘ „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ Î·È ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË ÌÔÛ¯Â˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙËÓ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛË ÙˆÓ Î·Ù·ÁfiÙˆÓ. ∆Ô ÂÚÒÙËÌ· Ô˘ Ù›ıÂÙ·È ÛÙË ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›· Â›Ó·È ÔÈ· ËÏÈΛ· Â›Ó·È Ë Î·Ù·ÏÏËÏfiÙÂÚË ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ‹ Ù˘. OÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ (10,12) ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ 3-4 ÂÙÒÓ. O Tachdjan(8) Û˘ÓÈÛÙ¿ ÙË ¯ÂÈÚÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛË Û ËÏÈΛ· 1 ¤ÙÔ˘˜, ηıÒ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÈÛÙ‡ÂÈ fiÙÈ Ë Î·ı˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÔÔÈÔ‰‹ÔÙ ÏÂÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ·. ªÂ ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë ·˘Ù‹ Û˘ÌʈÓÔ‡Ó Î·È ÔÚÈṲ̂ÓÔÈ ¿ÏÏÔÈ Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜ (13), ÁÈ·Ù› ÈÛÙÂ‡Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ Ë ÚÒÈÌË ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË Ù˘ ÈÓÒ‰Ô˘˜ ·ÎfiÌ· „¢‰¿ÚıÚˆÛ˘ ‰ÂÓ ··ÈÙ› ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔ›ËÛË ÌÔÛ¯Â˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ Ô‡Ù ÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÔÛÙÂÔÛ‡ÓıÂÛ˘, ÂÓÒ Â›Ó·È Ôχ Èı·Ófi Ó· ··ÈÙËıÔ‡Ó Û ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ËÏÈΛ·.

1. Ahmadi B, Steel HH. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Clin Orthop 1977;126:130-134.

2. Hirata S, Miya H, Mizuno K. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Histologic examination for the etiology of the disease. Clin Orthop 1995;315:242-245.

3. Herman S. Congenital bilateral pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Clin Orthop 1973;91:162-163.

4. Jinkins WJ. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle.

Orthop 1969;62:183-186.

5. Manaschil G, Laufer S. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Report of 3 cases. AJR 1979;132:678-679.

6. Mooney JF, Koman LA. Bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle associated with trisomy 22.

Orthop 1991;14(2):171-173.

7. Toledo L, MacEwen GD. Severe complication of surgical treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Clin Orthop 1979;139:64-67.

8. Tachdjan MO. Pediatric Orthopedics. Volume 1. WB Saunders Company;1990. p. 168-174.

9. Lloyd-Roberts GC, Appley AG, Owen R. Reflections upon the aetiology of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle.

J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1975;57:24-29.

10. Brooks S. Bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. Br J Clin Pract 1984;38:432-433.

11. Wall J. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1970;52:1003-1009.

12. Gibson DA, Caroll N. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1970;52:629-643.

13. Grogan DP, Love SM, Guidera KJ, Ogden JA. Operative treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. J Pediatr Orthop 1991;11(2):176-180.

14. Quinlan WR. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle.

Orthop Scand 1980;51:489-492.

15. Schnall SB, King JD, Marrero G. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: a review of the literature and surgical treatment of six cases. J Pediatr Orthop 1988;8:316-321.

16. Owen R. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1970;52:644-652.

HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜: 03-04-2000 HÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ¤ÁÎÚÈÛ˘: 05-09-2000 ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË ·ÏÏËÏÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜: ªÂÛϛη˜ £Âfi‰ˆÚÔ˜ °Ú. §·ÌÚ¿ÎË 19, 546 38 £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔÓ›ÎË

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OÈÎȷο ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù·: O‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÚfiÏ˄˘ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ ∆ÛÔ˘Ì¿Î·˜ ∆· ·È‰È¿ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚ· ¢·ı‹ ÔÌ¿‰· ÛÙ· ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù·. ø˜ ·ÚȘ ·Èٛ˜ ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ¢¿ıÂÈ·˜ ıˆÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ë ÌÂÈÔÓÂÍ›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÏÂÙÒÓ ÎÈÓ‹ÛˆÓ, Ë ·ÓˆÚÈÌfiÙËÙ· ÛÙË ÛΤ„Ë Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÂÚ› ÙËÓ ¤ÁηÈÚË ·ÓÙ›ÏË„Ë ÙÔ˘ ÎÈÓ‰‡ÓÔ˘, Ë ÁÔËÙ›· Ù˘ ÂÚÈ¤ÙÂÈ·˜, Ë ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ÂÚȤÚÁÂÈ· Î·È Ë Ù¿ÛË ÁÈ· ÂÍÂÚ‡ÓËÛË. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, Ë ÚfiÎÏËÛË ·Ù˘¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ·ÚÓËÙÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÛÙȘ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¤˜ ÙˆÓ ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÚÂÛÙ¿ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÔÌËÏ›ÎÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜. °È· Ù· ·È‰È¿ ̤¯ÚÈ 5 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Ù· ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ· ¯ÒÚÔ (ÔÈÎȷο ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù·) ˘ÂÚ‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ 60% ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡. ∆· ÈÔ Û˘ÓËıÈṲ̂ӷ ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù· ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÙÒÛÂȘ ·fi ÙËÓ ÎÔ‡ÓÈ· ‹ ÙÔ ÎÚ‚·Ù¿ÎÈ, ÙȘ ·ÚÔÛٿ٢٘ ÛοϘ, ÙÔ Á˘·ÏÈṲ̂ÓÔ ¿ÙˆÌ· Î·È ÙË ÛÙÚ¿Ù·, ÂÓÒ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó Ë ÂÈÛÚfiÊËÛË Í¤ÓˆÓ ÛˆÌ¿ÙˆÓ (ÍËÚÔ› ηÚÔ›, ηÚÊ›ÙÛ˜, ÛÙ·˘ÚÔ˘‰¿ÎÈ· ÎÏ) Î·È Ô ÓÈÁÌfi˜. ∆· ÂÁη‡Ì·Ù· Â›Ó·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙȘ ËÏÈ˘ 2 - 5 ¯ÚfiÓˆÓ Î·È Û˘Ì‚·›ÓÔ˘Ó Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔ˘˙›Ó·, ÙÔ ÏÔ˘ÙÚfi Î·È ÙÔ ˘ÓÔ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈÔ, ÂÓÒ ÔÈ ‰ËÏËÙËÚÈ¿ÛÂȘ Ì ʿÚ̷η ‹ ¿ÏϘ ÙÔÍÈΤ˜ Ô˘Û›Â˜ ·Ú’ fiÏÔ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Û˘¯Ó‹ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ·Ù˘¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ, Â˘Ù˘¯Ò˜ Û¿ÓÈ· Â›Ó·È ı·Ó·ÙËÊfiÚ˜. ∆· ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·Ù· ·fi ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÚÁ·Ï›ˆÓ (Ì·¯·›ÚÈ·, „·Ï›‰È·, ÎÏ), Ì˯·ÓËÌ¿ÙˆÓ (ÙÚ˘¿ÓÈ·) Î·È fiÏˆÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÛÙȘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ËÏÈ˘ Î·È ÔÏϤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ı·Ó·ÙËÊfiÚ·. °È· ÙËÓ ÚfiÏË„Ë ÙˆÓ ÔÈÎÈ·ÎÒÓ ·Ù˘¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈÎÂÓÙÚÒÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ Û¯Â‰›ˆÓ ηٷÛ΢‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÛÈÙÈÔ‡ Î·È Û’ fi,ÙÈ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û ·˘Ùfi, Ó· Â·ÁÚ˘ÓÔ‡Ó ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË, ÙËÓ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘ÓÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÔÊ˘Á‹ ÙˆÓ ÎÈÓ‰‡ÓˆÓ, Ì ·˘ÛÙËÚfiÙÂÚË ÂÈÙ‹ÚËÛË Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ·. ∂ȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ÂÏ·¯ÈÛÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔÓ Î›Ó‰˘ÓÔ ÔÈÎÈ·ÎÔ‡ ·Ù˘¯‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÂÈÛËÌ·›ÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜: ●

ºÚÔÓÙ›ÛÙ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‰È·Ì¤ÚÈÛÌ· ‹ ÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ· ¯ÒÚÔ Ó· ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜ ·ÛÊ·Ï›·˜ Ì ηٿÏÏËÏÔ ÊˆÙÈÛÌfi Î·È ¤Íˆ ·fi ÙÔ Û›ÙÈ.

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ªËÓ ÂÁηٷÏ›ÂÙ ÔÙ¤ ÙÔ ·È‰› ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ ‹ Û ÂÈΛӉ˘Ó· ÛËÌ›· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÂÓËÏ›ÎÔ˘.

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¡· ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ‡ÓÂÙ ٷ ÂÈΛӉ˘Ó· ·È¯Ó›‰È· ·fi ÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Î·È ÌËÓ ·Ê‹ÓÂÙ ÔÙ¤ ÂÈΛӉ˘Ó· ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓ· ÛÙ· ¯¤ÚÈ· ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ.

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ªËÓ ·Ê‹ÓÂÙ ÂχıÂÚÔ ÓÂÚfi Û ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ‰Ô¯Â›· ‹ ÛÙÔ Ì¿ÓÈÔ Î·È ·ÛÊ·Ï›ÛÙ ηϿ Ù· ËÁ¿‰È·, ÙȘ ÛÙ¤ÚÓ˜ ‹ fiÔÈÔ˘˜ ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ Û˘ÏÏÔÁ‹˜ ÓÂÚÔ‡.

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ªËÓ Î˘ÎÏÔÊÔÚ›Ù ·ÚfiÛÂÎÙ· ÎÚ·ÙÒÓÙ·˜ ÛÙ· ¯¤ÚÈ· Û·˜ ÊÏÈÙ˙¿ÓÈ· Ì ˙ÂÛÙ¿ ÚÔÊ‹Ì·Ù·. ∞‰ÂÈ¿ÛÙ fiÏ· Ù· ÊÏÈÙ˙¿ÓÈ· Î·È Ù· ÔÙ‹ÚÈ· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˘ÔÏ›ÌÌ·Ù· ÔÙÒÓ.

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÷ÌËÏÒÛÙ ÙÔÓ ıÂÚÌÔÛÙ¿ÙË ÙÔ˘ ıÂÚÌÔۛʈӷ, ‰È·ÙËÚ›ÛÙ ۂËÛÙ¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÛٛ˜ Ù˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÈ΋˜ ÎÔ˘˙›Ó·˜ fiÙ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È, ηχÙÂÙ ¿ÓÙÔÙ ÙȘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÈΤ˜ Ú›˙˜.

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µÂ‚·Èˆı›Ù fiÙÈ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÓÙ·È Û ·ÛÊ·Ï‹ ÛËÌ›· ÙÔ ÛȉÂÚˆÙ‹ÚÈÔ Î·È Ù· Ï·Ì·Ù¤Ú, ÊÚÔÓÙ›ÛÙ ӷ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ·ÛÊ·Ï›·˜ ÛÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· ÙÔ˘ ËÏÂÎÙÚÈÎÔ‡.

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∆ÔÔıÂÙ›ÛÙ Û ·Î›Ó‰˘ÓË ı¤ÛË ¤ÈÏ· Ì Ôͤ· ¿ÎÚ· Î·È ·ÔʇÁÂÙ ÙȘ Ù˙·Ì¤ÓȘ fiÚÙ˜ Î·È ·˘Ù¤˜ Ô˘ ÎÏ›ÓÔ˘Ó ÌfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘˜.

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µÂ‚·Èˆı›Ù fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÛοϘ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ·fiÙÔ̘ Î·È fiÙÈ ‰ÂÓ ÁÏÈÛÙÚÔ‡Ó. ∆Ô ›‰ÈÔ Î·È Ù· ·ÙÒÌ·Ù·.

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™˘ÓËı›ÛÙ ӷ ÎÏ›ÓÂÙ ÙÔ Î¿Ï˘ÌÌ· Ù˘ ÙÔ˘·Ï¤Ù·˜, ÌËÓ ·Ê‹ÓÂÙ ӷ ÎÚ¤ÌÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÎÔÚ‰fiÓÈ ·fi ÙȘ ÂÚÛ›‰Â˜, ·ÔÌ·ÎÚ‡ÓÂÙ ÙȘ ηڤÎϘ ·fi Ù· ·Ú¿ı˘Ú· ÙÔ˘ ÛÈÙÈÔ‡.

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ªË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔț٠Ï·ÛÙÈΤ˜ Û·ÎԇϘ Î·È ÊÚÔÓÙ›ÛÙÂ Ô ÛÎÔ˘ȉÔÙÂÓÂΤ˜ Ó· ʤÚÂÈ Î¿Ï˘ÌÌ· Ô˘ ·ÓÔ›ÁÂÈ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· Î·È Ó· ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È Û ·ÛʷϤ˜ ÛËÌ›Ô.

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∂Í·Ê·Ó›ÛÙ ٷ Ê˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÚÔηϤÛÔ˘Ó ‰ËÏËÙËÚ›·ÛË.

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™Ô‚·Ú¢Ù›ÙÂ Î·È Ê˘Ï¿ÍÙ ÙÔ Î˘ÓËÁÂÙÈÎfi ‹ ÙÔ ˘ËÚÂÛÈ·Îfi Û·˜ fiÏÔ Û ۛÁÔ˘ÚÔ ÛËÌ›Ô, ¿‰ÂÈÔ Î·È ·ÛÊ·ÏÈṲ̂ÓÔ. º˘Ï¿ÍÙ ÙȘ ÛÊ·›Ú˜, Ù· ÛοÁÈ·, ÙÔ Ì·ÚÔ‡ÙÈ Û ¿ÏÏÔ ÛËÌ›Ô, ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ Û›ÁÔ˘ÚÔ Î·È ·ÛʷϤ˜.

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ªËÓ ·Ê‹ÓÂÙ ʿÚ̷η Î·È ÙÛÈÁ¿Ú· Û ÚÔÛÈÙ¿ ÛËÌ›·. ∫Ï›ÛÙ ηϿ Ù· ÓÙÔ˘Ï¿È· fiÔ˘ Ê˘Ï¿ÛÛÔÓÙ·È.

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¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:446

¶AI¢IATPIK∏ ∂¡∏ª∂ƒø™∏

∞Á·ËÙÔ› Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ, ∞Ó·Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· ηı‹ÎÔÓÙ· Î·È ÙȘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ Ì·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡ Ù˘ ∂Ù·ÈÚ›·˜ Ì·˜, ı· ı¤Ï·Ì ӷ ¢¯·ÚÈÛÙ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ıÂÚÌ¿ ÙÔ ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ Ù˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ∂Ù·ÈÚ›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ Ô˘ Ì·˜ ¤Î·Ó·Ó, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔηÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Ì·˜ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ÂÚÁ¿ÛıËÎ·Ó Ì ˙‹ÏÔ Î·È ·ÊÔÛ›ˆÛË ÁÈ· Ó· ÙËÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ˘„ËϤ˜ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈΤ˜ ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜ Ù˘ «¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏™». £· οÓÔ˘Ì οı ‰˘Ó·Ù‹ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· Ó· ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÔ˘ÌÂ Î·È Ó· ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÛÔ˘Ì ·ÎfiÌË ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ÙËÓ ·ÓÔ‰È΋ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÔÚ›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡ Ì·˜ ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁÒÓÙ·˜ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ·ÓÒÓ˘Ì· Î·È ‰ËÌÔÛȇÔÓÙ·˜ ÂÓ Û˘Ó¯›·, ÚˆÙfiÙ˘· ¿ÚıÚ· Ù· ÔÔ›· ÔÈ ÂÎÏÂÎÙÔ› ∫ÚÈÙ¤˜ Î·È Ë ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹ ı· ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ‰È¢ڇÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÚ›˙ÔÓÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡ ÎÂÎÙË̤ÓÔ˘ Ù˘ ¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ÂÈÛÙ‹Ì˘ ÛÙË ¯ÒÚ· Ì·˜ Î·È ‰ÈÂıÓÒ˜. Œ¯Ô˘ÌÂ, ÁÈ· Ù· ÂfiÌÂÓ· ‰‡Ô ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ÙÔÔıÂÙ‹ÛÂÈ Ôχ „ËÏ¿ ÙÔÓ ‹¯˘ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂÒÓ Ì·˜. ªÂ ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋˜ Ì·˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Â›Ó·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ‚¤‚·ÈÔ fiÙÈ ı· ÂÎÏËÚÒÛÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ··Ú·›ÙËÙ˜ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ∂ıÓÈ΋˜ µÈ‚ÏÈÔı‹Î˘ π·ÙÚÈ΋˜ ÙˆÓ ∏¶∞ (National Library of Medicine) ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË Ù˘ «¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜» ÛÙÔ Index Medicus, ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ·È‰È·ÙÚÈÎÔ‡ ‰˘Ó·ÌÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙË ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ‚È‚ÏÈÔÁÚ·Ê›·. Œ¯Ô˘Ì ‹‰Ë ÙÚÔÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙȘ O‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê›˜, Î·È Ï›·Ó Û˘ÓÙfï˜ ı· ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ӷ ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔ ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓÔ Î·ıÒ˜ Î·È ÙÔ ÂÍÒÊ˘ÏÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈÎÔ‡ Ì·˜. ø˜ ·È‰›·ÙÚÔÈ-ÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÔÓ˜ ›ÛÙÂ, Û ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË, Ë Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚË ˘Í›‰· ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏÈÛÌfi ÙˆÓ ÂÈÏÔÁÒÓ Î·È ‰Ú¿ÛÂÒÓ Ì·˜. OÈ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂȘ Û·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙËÓ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ·ÓÙ·ÁˆÓÈÛÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ «¶·È‰È·ÙÚÈ΋˜» ı· Â›Ó·È ¿ÓÙÔÙ ¢ÚfiÛ‰ÂÎÙ˜.

ªÂ ÊÈÏÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯·ÈÚÂÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Î·È ıÂṲ́˜ ¢¯¤˜ ∏ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ™˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ ∂ÈÙÚÔ‹

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¶∞π¢π∞∆ƒπ∫∏ 2000;63:348

¶PO™EXH ™YNE¢PIA 4-6 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘

26th Annual Congress of the Union of Middle-Eastern & Mediterranean Paediatric Societies Information: Dr Ivan Vidmar Division for Paediatric Surgery & Intensive Care 1525 Ljubljana – Slovenia Fax: 0038661 - 1301714 OÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË – °Ú·ÌÌ·Ù›· C&C International ∞.∂. ∆ËÏ.: 01 68 89 100 Fax: 01 68 44 777 E-mail: congress@cnc.gr

Portoroz, Slovenia

7-12 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘

4th European Congress on Epileptology Information: PTS Congressi Sri Via Tevere 20, 00198 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 85 83 25 76 Fax: + 39 06 85 35 60 60 E-mail: eceflo@tin.it

Firenze, Italy

12-14 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘

1Ô ¶·ÓËÂÈÚˆÙÈÎfi π·ÙÚÈÎfi ™˘Ó¤‰ÚÈÔ ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜: Œ„ÈÏÔÓ – ∆Ô˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎfi Î·È ™˘Ó‰ÚÈ·Îfi ¢›ÎÙ˘Ô ¶··‰È·Ì·ÓÙÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ 4, ∞ı‹Ó· ∆ËÏ.: 01 72 54 360 Fax: 01 72 54 363 E-mail: epsilonb@hol.gr

πˆ¿ÓÓÈÓ·

12-14 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘

NHS 2000, International Conference on Newborn Hearing Screening Diagnosis and Intervention ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜: Dr Ferdinando Grandori Center of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic of Milan, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 1-20133 Milan, Italy Fax: +39 02 23 99 33 60 E-mail: NHS2000@biomed.polimi.it

Milan, Italy

29 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ – 3 ¡ÔÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘

The Promised Childhood Jerusalem 2000 Congress ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜: The Promised Childhood Jerusalem 2000 Congress, P.O. Box 50006, Tel Aviv 61500, Israel Tel.: +972 3 514 00 00 Fax: +972 3 517 56 74 +972 3 514 00 77

Jerusalem

23-24 ¡ÔÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘

2nd European Conference on Paediatric Asthma ¶ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜: Conference Secretariat, Castle House Medical Conferences, 3 Linden Close, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, TN 4 8 HH, UK Tel.: +44 (0) 18 92 539606 Fax: + 44 (0) 1892 517773 E-mail: asthma@castlehouse.co.uk

London

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™YNTOMO°PAºIE™ - (Abbreviations) ™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜

EÏÏËÓÈÎÔ› fiÚÔÈ

AÁÁÏÈÎÔ› fiÚÔÈ

AIDS

Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ Â›ÎÙËÙ˘ ·ÓÔÛÔ·ÓÂ¿ÚÎÂÈ·˜

AMP, ADP, ATP

ÌÔÓÔ-, ‰È-, ÙÚÈʈÛÊÔÚÈ΋ ·‰ÂÓÔÛ›ÓË

ATPase cal CSF ‹ ENY CNS ‹ ∫¡™ cm CoA cmÑ cm2 cAMP ÆC CRP DNA ECG ‹ ∏∫° EEG ‹ ∏∂° ELISA ESR ‹ ∆∫∂ EDTA g Hct Hb HLA

ÙÚÈʈÛÊ·Ù¿ÛË Ù˘ ·‰ÂÓÔÛ›Ó˘ ıÂÚÌ›‰· ÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÔÓˆÙÈ·›Ô ˘ÁÚfi ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎfi Ó¢ÚÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÂηÙÔÛÙfi Û˘Ó¤Ó˙˘ÌÔ ∞ ΢‚ÈÎfi ÂηÙÔÛÙfi ÙÂÙÚ·ÁˆÓÈÎfi ÂηÙÔÛÙfi ·ÎÏÈÎfi AMP ‚·ıÌfi˜ KÂÏÛ›Ô˘ C-·ÓÙȉÚÒÛ· ÚˆÙ½ÓË ‰ÂÔ͢ÚÈ‚Ô˙ÔÓÔ˘ÎÏÂ˚ÓÈÎfi Ô͇ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔηډÈÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÂÁÎÂÊ·ÏÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ¤Ó˙˘ÌÔ-Û˘Ó‰¤Ù˘ ·ÓÔÛÔÚÔÛÚfiÊËÛ˘ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ Ù·¯‡ÙËÙ· ηıÈ˙‹Ûˆ˜ ÂÚ˘ıÚÒÓ Âı˘ÏÂÓԉȷÌÈÓÔÙÂÙÚ·ÔÍÂ˚Îfi Ô͇ ÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÚÈo ·ÈÌ·ÙÔÎÚ›Ù˘ ·ÈÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚ›ÓË ·ÓÙÈÁfiÓÔ ÈÛÙÔÛ˘Ì‚·ÙfiÙËÙ·˜

Ig ICU ‹ ª∂£ IU i.m. ‹ ∂.ª. i.p. ‹ ∂.¶. i.v. ‹ ∂.º.

L log mol ªW ‹ MB MCH MCV mRNA m min n N NS ‹ ª™ Ôsm % PCR pH PCO2 PO2 p

·ÓÔÛÔÛÊ·ÈÚ›ÓË ÌÔÓ¿‰· ÂÓÙ·ÙÈ΋˜ ıÂÚ·›·˜ ‰ÈÂıÓ‹˜ ÌÔÓ¿‰· ÂÓ‰ÔÌ˘˚ο ÂÓ‰ÔÂÚÈÙÔÓ·˚ο ÂÓ‰ÔÊϤ‚È· Ï›ÙÚÔ(·) ÏÔÁ¿ÚÈıÌÔ˜ ÁÚ·ÌÌÔÌfiÚÈÔ ÌÔÚÈ·Îfi ‚¿ÚÔ˜ ̤ÛË ·ÈÌÔÛÊ·ÈÚ›ÓË ÂÚ˘ıÚÒÓ Ì¤ÛÔ˜ fiÁÎÔ˜ ÂÚ˘ıÚÒÓ ·ÁÁÂÏÈÔÊfiÚÔ˜ RNA ̤ÙÚÔ ÏÂÙfi ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Ó¢ÙÒÓÈÔ ÌË ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÔÛÌÒÏÈÔ Â› ÙÔȘ ÂηÙfi ·Ï˘ÛȉˆÙ‹ ·ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË ÔÏ˘ÌÂÚ¿Û˘ Û˘ÁΤÓÚˆÛË ÈfiÓÙˆÓ ˘‰ÚÔÁfiÓÔ˘ ÌÂÚÈ΋ Ù¿ÛË CO2 ÌÂÚÈ΋ Ù¿ÛË Ô͢ÁfiÓÔ˘ Èı·ÓfiÙËÙ·

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome adenosine 5mono-, di-, triphosphate adenosine triphosphatase calorie cerebrospinal fluid central nervous system centimeter coenzyme A cubic centimeter square centimeter cyclic AMP degree(s) Celsius C-reactive protein deoxyribonucleic acid electrocardiogram electroencephalogram enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay erythrocyte sedimentation rate ethylenediaminetetracetate gram haematocrit haemoglobin (human) histocompatibility leucocyte antigen immunoglobulin intensive care unit international Unit intramuscular intraperitoneal intravenous liter logarithm mole molecular weight mean corpuscular haemoglobin mean corpuscular volume messenger RNA meter minute number newton not significant osmole percent polymerase chain reaction potentia hydrogenii carbon dioxide pressure oxygen pressure probability

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™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜

EÏÏËÓÈÎÔ› fiÚÔÈ

AÁÁÏÈÎÔ› fiÚÔÈ

p.o.

RIA RNA RDS sec s.c. ‹ À.¢.

SD SE U

·fi ÙÔ ÛÙfiÌ· Ú·‰ÈÔ·ÓÔÛÔ·ÔÚÚÔÊËÙÈ΋ ‰ÔÎÈÌ·Û›· ÚÈ‚ÔÓÔ˘ÎÏÂ˚ÓÈÎfi Ô͇ Û‡Ó‰ÚÔÌÔ ·Ó·Ó¢ÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘Û¯¤ÚÈ·˜ ‰Â˘ÙÂÚfiÏÂÙÔ ˘Ô‰fiÚÈ· ÛÙ·ıÂÚ‹ ·fiÎÏÈÛË ÛÙ·ıÂÚfi ÛÊ¿ÏÌ· ÌÔÓ¿‰·

by mouth radioimmunoassay ribonucleic acid respiratory distress syndrome second subcutaneous standard deviation standard error unit

™˘Ó‰˘·˙fiÌÂÓ· ÚÔı¤Ì·Ù· 12

tera- (10 ) 9 giga- (10 ) 6 mega-(10 ) 3 kilo- (10 ) 2 hecto(10 ) 1 deca (10 ) -1 deci (10 ) -2 centi- (10 ) -3 milli(10 ) -5 micro (10 ) -9 nano (10 ) -12 pico (10 ) -15 femto (10 ) -18 atto (10 )

Combining prefixes T G M k h da d c m Ì n p f a

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