Volume 88 | Number 1 | January -February-March-April 2025
Four
060
EDITORIAL
Stelios Antoniadis
062
ARTICLE OF SPECIAL INTEREST
About pedophilia
Anna Tsakalidou, Zisis Papathanasiou
066
REVIEW ARTICLES
Cytogenetics and prenatal testing
Anastasia Stathopoulou
080
Tobacco and related products use in adolescence: a current global scourge
Vasiliki Gketsi, A. Gkrepi, M.E.Papasavva
098
Infant immunization in the pediatrician’s office
Αlexios Mavroudis
104
Laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19 infection in childhood.
Αlexios Mavroudis
President
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112
CASE REPORT
Impact of the Snoezelen multisensory environment on a child with multiple disabilities and his mother
Konstantina Neofotistou, Eleni Fotiadou, Olga Tzetzi
118
BETWEEN COLLEAGUES
Stelios Antoniadis
120
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
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Correspondence
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ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΙΕΣ
Correspondence
Stathopoulou Anastasia
Τ. +30 6972100002
e-mail: anastasia14@ windowslive.com
Cytogenetics and prenatal testing
Stathopoulou Anastasia
ABSTRACT
This paper presents an extensive review of cytogenetics and prenatal testing, with an emphasis on modern diagnostic techniques and their application in clinical practice. Initially, the fundamental principles of cytogenetics are analysed, along with methods of chromosomal analysis and technologies such as FISH, QF-PCR, MLPA, and array-CGH, which enable the detection of chromosomal abnormalities with high accuracy. Subsequently, the main methods of prenatal diagnosis, both invasive and non-invasive, are examined, as well as the indications that determine their necessity. Finally, the importance of genetic counselling and the ethical issues that arise in the context of prenatal information are highlighted. The aim of this paper is to showcase both the complexity and the critical importance of prenatal screening in the timely and reliable diagnosis of genetic disorders.
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Correspondence
Vasiliki Gketsi
General Makrigiannis Avenue 60, PC 454 45 Τ. +30 2651080785
e-mail: vikigetsi@gmail.com
Tobacco and related products use in adolescence: a current global scourge
Vasiliki Gketsi, A. Gkrepi, M.E.Papasavva
Abstract
Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. Its harmful effects are cumulative and there is no safe level of active or passive exposure to tobacco. The huge variety of smokeless and non-smoked tobacco products on the market, combined with advertising targeting minors and lack of compliance with laws, leads to unimaginable numbers of young users, who risk remaining addicted for life. Tobacco industry is constantly flourishing, always finding ways to make smoking attractive to children and adolescents through fashion, advertising, films, social media and the avoidance of compliance with regulations regarding the marketing and sale of tobacco products. Measures must be taken by the State to disengage anti-tobacco policy from the influence of the tobacco industry and e-cigarette companies, to limit uncontrolled advertising aimed at minors and to intensify information programs on the dangers of smoking even for very young children.
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Correspondence
Alexios Mavroudis MD,Msc. Erithrou stavrou terma
c.p 22131, Tripoli Arcadia, Greece
T. +306978699611
e-mail: alexis.mavroudis@ yahoo.gr
Infant immunization in the pediatrician's office
Αlexios Mavroudis
Abstract
The immunization of infants presents a unique challenge for paediatricians due to the immature immune system and the limited protection it provides. Typically, multiple doses of vaccines are necessary to enhance the immune response, stimulate the production of protective antibodies, and promote the selective development of memory B lymphocytes. In response to these challenges, the scientific community is exploring innovative biotechnological approaches aimed at optimizing immune system function. This includes the development of immunologic adjuvant that, when combined with advanced personalized medicine techniques can reduce the required vaccine dosage and mitigate the risk of antimicrobial tolerance. Emerging research focused on the genomic footprinting of infants is paving the way for the creation of vaccines that ensure both safety and long-term efficacy.
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Correspondence
Alexios Mavroudis MD,Msc.
Erithrou stavrou terma
c.p 22131, Tripoli Arcadia, Greece
T. +306978699611
e-mail: alexis.mavroudis@ yahoo.gr
Laboratory diagnostics for COVID-19 infection in childhood.
Αlexios Mavroudis
Abstract
Introduction: Laboratory diagnostics in patients with Covid-19 infection is an important laboratory challenge for the pediatric clinician since it studies the qualitative evolution of the disease over time.
Objective: Evaluation of laboratory tests in diagnosis, verification of results and monitoring of the disease.
Material: Literature review of recent scientific articles.
Methods: Use of internet search tools (pub med).
Results: Serological and molecular identification methods for SARS-CoV-2 exist that allow identification of viral infection. However, studies suggest that serological techniques for detecting antibodies in blood serum are not always a reliable source of diagnosis. It is considered that the viral load, the heritability for an individualised reaction, the type of antibodies produced (neutralising or diagnostic only), their residence time in the blood serum and the presence of cross-reactions formulate the weakness of the immune response. There is reduced T-lymphocyte functionality, inactivation of B-lymphocytes and reduced production of neutralising antibodies. This is the natural 'switch-switch' phenomenon, which is characterised by the weak production of IgM antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 S and N glycoprotein and the presence of a wider range of specificities and novel isotypes (such as IgG, IgM and IgA types). It is a biological discrepancy that occurs mainly in patients with mild symptoms, which demonstrates the need for a laboratory network with infection prevention and control practices for early diagnosis.
Conclusion: Serological tests are a diagnostic approach for the pediatric patient, but without reliably capturing the sensitivity of the results, so that their finalization is carried out using molecular techniques, with PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) predominating.
General Hospital of Evangelistria, Tripoli, Greece
(Open Reading Frames, ORFs),
Κατάλογος
ACE: AngiotensinConverting Enzyme-2
CD: Cluster of differentiation
Σύμπλεγμα
Ig: Immunoglobulin
ORF: Open Reading Frames
PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction Aλυσιδωτή
RBD: Receptor Binding Domain
RNA: Ribonucleic acid
SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
TMPRSS2: Transmembrane Protease-2
Do genetic polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene play a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? June 29, 2020, Volume 58, Issue 9 (17).
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Impact of the Snoezelen multisensory environment on a child with multiple disabilities and his mother
Konstantina Neofotistou, Eleni Fotiadou, Olga Tzetzi
Abstract
Background: The Snoezelen multisensory environment is an innovative intervention method that aims to activate and relax the senses through various sensory stimuli. The Snoezelen method enhances awareness, environmental exploration, and social skills, while reducing negative behavior and increasing concentration. This approach has been successfully applied to people with multiple disabilities, enhancing communication, emotional connection and quality of life. Particular emphasis is placed on the active participation of the family, as parents of children with severe disabilities face intense stress and mental burden. The multisensory environment operates as a space of shared experience, where the child and parent meet as equals, without the pressure of daily care or therapeutic demands. The aim of the research was to study the impact of the intervention program on both the child and the mother, according to the recording of the mother's views. Methods: In this case study, a Snoezelen multisensory room intervention program was implemented with a child with visual impairment and additional disabilities and his mother. Six sessions were conducted, where positive results were observed for both the child (relaxation, interest in stimuli) and the mother (strengthened bond, better understanding of the child).
Results: According to the results of this study, the Snoezelen room can be a valuable tool for strengthening the family and improving the quality of life of children with multiple disabilities.
Discussion: The study highlights the importance of family participation and suggests further research to generalize the results and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this method.
Syzoi, Parents Association of people with visual impairments and additional disabilities, Thessaloniki
Eleni Fotiadou
Labaratory of Motor Behavior and Adapted Physical Activity, School of PE & Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Olga Tzetzi
Private Pediatrician, Thessaloniki
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