+PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY, +ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP 2019-20 MAGAZINE ORIGINS OF DEMOCRACY
EUROPE MYTH
EUROPE CLUBS
CITIZENSHIP
MOBILITY IN BRUSSELS
DEMOCRACY AND NUMBERS
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★Agrupamento de Branco (AECCB)
Escolas
Camilo
Castelo
Rua Padre Benjamim Salgado 4760-412 Vila Nova de Famalicão Portugal
★Siauliu Juliaus Janonio gimnazija Tilzes St. 137 76348 - Siauliai Lituânia
★IES URBI BHI Lehendakari Agirre, 93 48970 - Basauri Basque Country, Spain
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ORIGINS OF DEMOCRACY (source: https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/ancient-greece-democracy)
In the year 507 B.C., the Athenian leader Cleisthenes introduced a system of political reforms that he called demokratia, or “rule by people” from δῆμος (people) and κράτος (power). It was born the first known democracy in the world. The system was comprised of 3 separate institutions: ● ekklesia which wrote laws and dictated foreign policy. ● boule, a council of representatives from the Athenian tribes. ● dikasteria, popular courts in which citizens argued cases before a group lottery-selected jurors.
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WHO COULD VOTE IN ANCIENT GREECE? Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian wrote: “In a democracy, there is first equality before the law.”
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It was true that Cleisthenes’ demokratia abolished the political distinctions between the Athenian aristocrats who had long monopolized the political decision-making process and the middle- and working-class people who made up the army and the navy. However, the “equality” was limited to a small segment of the Athenian population in Ancient Greece. For example, in Athens in the middle of the 4th century there were about 100,000 citizens (Athenian citizenship was limited to men and women whose parents had also been Athenian citizens), about 10,000 metoikoi, or “resident foreigners,” and 150,000 slaves. Out of all those people, only male citizens who were older than 18 were a part of the demos, meaning only about 40,000 people could participate in the democratic process.
The Ekklesia Athenian democracy was a direct democracy made up of three important institutions. The first was the ekklesia, or Assembly, the sovereign governing body of Athens. Any member of the demos--any one of those 40,000 adult male citizens--was welcome to attend the meetings of the ekklesia, which were held 40 times per year in a hillside auditorium west of the Acropolis called the Pnyx. At the meetings, the ekklesia made decisions about war and foreign policy, wrote and revised laws and approved or condemned the conduct of public officials. The group made decisions by simple majority vote. The Boule The second important institution was the boule, or Council of Five Hundred. The boule was a group of 500 men, 50 from each of ten Athenian tribes, who served on the Council for one year. Unlike the ekklesia, the boule met every day and did most of the hands-on work of governance. It supervised government workers and was in charge of things like navy ships (trirremes) and army horses. It dealt with ambassadors and representatives from other city-states. Its main function was to decide what matters would come before the ekklesia. In this way, the 500 members of the boule dictated how the entire democracy would work. The Dikasteria The third important institution was the popular courts, or dikasteria. Every day, more than 500 jurors were chosen by lot from a pool of male citizens older than 30. Of all the democratic institutions, Aristotle argued that the dikasteria “contributed most to the strength of democracy” because the jury had almost unlimited power. There were no police in Athens, so it was the demos themselves who brought court cases, argued for the prosecution and the defense and delivered verdicts and sentences by majority rule. The End of Athenian Democracy Around 460 B.C., under the rule of the general Pericles (generals were among the only public officials who were elected, not appointed) Athenian democracy began to evolve into something that we would call an aristocracy: the rule of what Herodotus called “the one man, the best.” Though democratic ideals and processes did not survive in ancient Greece, they have been influencing politicians and governments ever since.
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EUROPE MYTH IN LATIN (Vicipaedia)
In mythologia Graeca Εὐρώπη erat filia Agenoris, Phoenicum regis, et Telephassae. Soror autem Cadmi, qui Thebarum conditoris, fuit. Europa e Iove tres filios genuit: Minoem Rhadamanthumque Sarpedonnemque. Europa inter virgines comites in Phoenico litore ludebat, et Zeus/Iuppiter eam conspexit. Tauri albi speciem auratis cornibus sese transfiguravit et cum grege regio sese immiscuit : sic ad virgines accessit. In Greek Mythology Europe was the daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicians, and of Telephassa. Sister of Cadmus who was the founder of Thebes. Europe had three children with Jupiter: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon. Europe was playing with her maids in the Phoenician coast, and Jupiter saw her. He transformed himself into a white bull with golden horns, and mixed in with her the royal group: this way he approached the maids. Europa primo timida erat, mox forma et blanditiis tauri placata, confisa est et in tergum tauri consedit. Tunc puellam cepit Iuppiter et eam trans mare in Cretam portavit, ubi Europam stupravit. Ex isto concubitu tres clarissimi filii nati sunt. Non scitur cur ab ea fabula una ex quinque partibus orbis nominata sit Europa . First Europe was ashamed, later tamed by the shape and charm of the bull, felt confident and sat over the bull. In that moment Jupiter grabbed the girl and took her through the sea to Crete, where raped her. Three famous children were born after their sexual acts. It is not clear if one part of the five world parts is called Europe because of this fable. Europae pater iusit quattuor fratres per orbem eam quaerere, sed fustra. Tamen Europae fratres nova regna condiderunt : Cadmus , qui Thebas condidit; Cilix, qui nomen suum Ciliciae dedit; Phoenix, a quo Punici et Phoenices dicti sunt; et Phineus , qui rex in Thracia factus est. Europe´s father ordered to her four brothers to look for her in the earth, but in vain. Anyway Europe´s brothers funded new kingdoms: Cadmus founded Thebes. Cilix gave his name to Cilicy; Phoenix gave his to Punics and Phoenicians; and Phineus was made the king of Thracia.
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De Vos Martin, Amberes, Belgium,1532-1603 The rape of Europa oil of oak panel Fine Arts Museum, Bilbao (h ttps://www.museobilbao.com/in/obras-maestras/martin-de-vos)
VIDEO
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POSTERS by students
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EUROPE MYTH IN GREEK
(source: https://didaskaleionblog.wordpress.com/ by César Martínez Sotodosos)
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TRANSLATION Europe is a young and very beautiful woman who lives in Asia near the sea. Zeus is walking near the sea and sees her playing with her friend and falls deeply in love. Zeus goes up to the girl, turned into a white bull. Europe sees him and goes towards him and at first she’s afraid of the animal, but then she likes playing with him. In the end, the girl gets near the bull, really beautiful, and Zeus runs to the sea and gets in the water, kidnapping Europe. Very scared, the girl grabs the bull’s hair, and she yells, asking him to get her to earth, but the god doesn’t listen. Europe’s father, who’s a powerful king, and her brothers, who are very powerful, are looking for the kid, but they don’t find her. They come back home crying. Arriving at Crete, the god becomes Zeus again and Europe falls in love with him. Really Zeus lives there with Europe. Not too long after that, Zeus needs to come back with Hera and leaves Europe alone on the island, turning her into the queen of Crete. Europe receives lots of gifts, between them a huge automaton, whose name is Talos. Europe has three kids from Zeus and between them the first one was the one who became the great king of the island, the king was called Minos.
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HISTORY OF DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE The rise of imperialism Colonialism Great Powers Rise of totalitarianism Fascist Italy Origins of nazism Nazy Germany Stalinism Shuman Declaration
HISTORY OF DEMOCRACY IN SPAIN Spanish Civil War and Franco's Dictatorship Interwar years in Basque Country
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HISTORY OF DEMOCRACY IN LITHUANIA ES ISTORIJA. 1
HISTORY OF DEMOCRACY IN PORTUGAL In Portugal, on April 25, 1974, there was a revolution that ended 48 years of dictatorship, and established a democratic political regime. Initially a military coup carried out by the MFA (Movement of the Armed Forces), turned into a popular revolution, with the enthusiastic support of the population to the captains of April.
In April 1973, the 3rd Congress of the Democratic Opposition met, defending the 3 D’s: Decolonization, Development and Democracy. In February 1974, General Spínola published the book Portugal and the Future, which advocated a political solution to resolve the Colonial War and the country's liberalization. The continuation of the Colonial War, the equation of militia officers with officers of the cadre, the lack of freedoms and the country's economic and social backwardness led to the creation of the MFA and the preparation of the military coup. Messenger captains receive letters from Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho with instructions for actions to be carried out on the night of the 24th to the 25th. They also receive a copy of the newspaper Época, as identification, for the participating units. On the morning of the 24th, a discreet news item appeared in the newspaper República, calling the attention of its readers to the broadcasting of the Limit program that night,
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on Rádio Renascença. At 22.00h the song “E after the goodbye”, performed by Paulo de Carvalho, is transmitted. This song marks the beginning of military operations. At 00.20h on April 25, 1974, «Grândola, vila morena» was played on Rádio Renascença.
It was the password for the definitive and simultaneous start of operations throughout the country and triggered the advance of forces organized by the MFA, which occupies fundamental strategic points: RTP, National Broadcaster, Rádio Clube Português, Lisbon Airport, Headquarters, General Staff of Army, Ministry of the Army, Banco de Portugal and Marconi. Marcelo Caetano, head of the government, announces that he is ready to surrender and General Spínola, mandated by the MFA, negotiates with him the surrender of the Government, in the Carmo Barracks. Marcelo Caetano and the accompanying ministers are transported by the BULA limit to the Movement Command Post at Pontinha Headquarters and then leave the country. On António Maria Cardoso street, where the PIDE / DGS headquarters was located, 4 people die and 45 are injured, victims of the police shooting at the demonstrators. On April 26, PIDE / DGS surrenders, the Junta de Salvação Nacional presents itself to the country through RTP. General Spínola is appointed president of the Republic and political prisoners from Caxias and Peniche are released. Between the 27th to the 30th of April, the MFA presented its program, Mário Soares became leader of the Socialist Party and Álvaro Cunhal, leader of the Communist Party.
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Portugal has gone through a complex process of change since then. The choice for a democratic regime of the western type was just one of the several political solutions that then opened up. The months following the Revolution were intense ideological battles between the lines of popular democracy and liberal democracy. The ease with which the Estado Novo was overthrown would thus contrast with the difficulty in implementing a democratic regime of the Western type and the change process then started was reflected in a series of confrontations between political and military forces with different views on the future. Decolonization: the Portuguese colonies wanted independence, but the regime did not want to diminish their Empire at all, having had a colonial war since 1961. After the Carnation Revolution, the MFA negotiated the independence of the colonies, and thus new states were born. It was with the unilateral declaration of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau that the international community recognized its independence in 1973. The remaining colonies of Portugal achieved independence in 1975, except for Macau and Timor. When decolonization took place, more than 800 thousand individuals returned to Portugal, the returnees. Unemployment worsened and integration was not easy, but many of them restarted their lives, with new professions, contributing to boost some sectors of Portuguese industry.
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The 1976 Constitution and the restoration of democracy: on April 25, 1975, elections were held for the first time in Portugal, by direct and universal suffrage, for the election of a Constituent Assembly, whose task, attributed by the voters, was to create a new Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, reflecting the ideals that inspired the revolution, namely, the concepts of the rule of law, the social state that guarantees the fundamental rights of citizens, and anchored in a democratic political regime.
• The elections to the Constituent Assembly were the first free elections. Several political parties were able to run and all citizens over 18, now including women, exercised their right to vote. • The Constitution was approved in 1976 and enshrined democratic principles: the right to education Freedom of expression Freedom of association and the right to strike o Right of assembly and association o Right and duty to vote • It also established the new political organization of the country, differentiating the functions or competences of the various organs of power. • Political power is organized into: CENTRAL POWER, LOCAL POWER, REGIONAL POWER, CENTRAL POWER. The President of the Republic is elected for five years as the representative of the Portuguese Republic. It is responsible for approving the laws, appointing and dismissing the Prime Minister and setting the date for the elections. The Government is made up of the Prime Minister and a set of Ministers and Secretaries of State, administers the country and enforces the laws. The Assembly of the Republic is made up of deputies, belonging to various political parties and elected for four years. Deputies make laws, discuss and approve the government's program and oversee government actions. Courts apply justice, judging those who do not comply with the laws.
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The new Constitution came into force in April 1976 and has already clearly translated the option for a multi-party Western democracy. This constitutional rupture had very important repercussions in Portuguese society, allowed the legalization of political parties, which until then lived in hiding, the elected Constituent Assembly already reflected the ideological pluripartisanship that the new Constitution enshrined as well as institutional pluralism, the catalog of rights fundamental rights has been extended to social rights in a broad sense. Problems of economic development after April 25: • Low agricultural productivity and the technical backwardness of the industry were aggravated by other problems; • Political instability in the period after April 25; • Independence of colonies; • Loss of a large part of colonial markets; • International oil crisis in the 1970s.
• This situation was slightly altered by the signing of the “Free Trade Agreement” between the EEC and Portugal. However, it was only completely changed with Portugal's accession to the EEC.
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• On March 28, 1977, Portugal applied for membership of the EEC. • Objectives of membership: Portugal intended to integrate: In a strong political and economic bloc. In a community whose ideas are democracy, freedom, cooperation and solidarity. • As he lost the colonies and their markets, he turned to Europe to recover from the crisis. • Portugal had to implement a series of reforms to improve agriculture, industry, means of communication, education, vocational training, etc. • Portugal managed to improve the socio-economic conditions of the Portuguese and there was a strengthening of our country's role in the international community.
• On the 12th of June 1985, in the garden of the cloister of the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos, Portugal signed the treaty for accession to the EEC and, from January 1, 1986, Portugal became part of the EEC. Then, a new phase began in the country's development process EU measures • In 1992, through the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, the EEC changed its name to EU (European Union). It also took a series of new measures: o Greater citizen participation in community life; o European citizenship parallel to national citizenship; o Greater solidarity among member states;
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o Greater number of means to guarantee security and peace; o Adaptation of the democratic institutions of the Portuguese Republic to European commitments. The REVOLUTION OF THE CARNIVAL of April 25, 1974 established democracy and restored hope to the country. Its main philosophy was based on the three D program: democratize, decolonize and develop. The date came to be known as Freedom Day.
EUROPE CLUBS PORTUGAL The European Club of Camilo Castelo Branco Secondary School, located in the city of Vila Nova de Famalicão, is much more than just a group of students who meet weekly to talk about Europe. Consisting of 60 young people aged between 15 and 18 and guided by teachers, Carla Machado and Elisa Costa, this club, in addition to accompanying students, trains responsible and active European citizens. Every Monday and Wednesday the meetings are based on three keywords: • information; • awareness; • and debate. Several topics with European relevance are “put on the table”, in which the main objective is to form a structured opinion about them. All information about Europe, from bureaucracy to European culture, is also transmitted and shared, thus captivating students to participate in activities that allow a strong exchange of opinions, information and learning. In addition to playing a very active role at school, it also manages to raise awareness and raise awareness in society, through the dissemination and realization of projects open to the public, which will be described later. Thus, the European club since its creation in 2017, has been part of several projects that promote not only a better knowledge of the European project in the institution we represent, but also in the society in which it is inserted.
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• Euroscola Competition - European Portugal 2019/2020 Camilo Castelo Branco Secondary School, Vila Nova de Famalicão, won the Euroscola - European Portugal 2019/2020 competition, organized by the Office of the European Parliament (GPE) and the Representation of the European Commission in Portugal (RCE) and integrated in the activities of the Europa Space. The Camilo Castelo Branco Secondary School took 24 students belonging to the European Club to Lisbon, being part of a group of 21 schools of secondary and professional education, from all over the country - 450 students, aged between 16 and 18 years old - who, from October 7, 2019 to January 15, 2020, participated in this initiative, having reached the first place with a rating of 90.6%. Thus, Camilo will participate in the Euroscola plenary session to be held at the European Parliament, on the 3rd of December. In the hemicycle of the European Parliament, students will take the seats of MEPs, debating and voting on European themes, interacting in English, French or German with students from other EU Member States. The 'Euroscola - European Portugal' competition aims to contribute to the formation of a European conscience among young people attending regular secondary education and vocational education, as well as informing them about the possibilities offered by their European citizenship and making themselves known the role that the European Parliament plays in European decision-making.
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• European Stamps and Ambassador School Seal The Directorate-General for Education (DGE) and the National eTwinning Support Service congratulated the projects awarded at European level and the schools that were awarded the 2019-2020 eTwinning School Seal. The Camilo Castelo Branco School Group saw four European Stamps and the eTwinning School Seal recognized, in other words, recognized as a European School, a synonym of great prestige for the Group for proving the excellent work being developed at the level of different teaching areas. between different age groups, which demonstrate not only great understanding, but also enormous solidarity and affection.
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• European Day of Languages ESCCB students, in VNF, celebrated the European Day of Languages, joining the anniversary of BabeliUM, University of Minho, in Braga. They were received by Bernhard Sylla, Director of the Language Center of the University of Minho, BabeliUM, and Jaime Costa, Coordinator of Foreign Language Courses, at BabeliUM, followed by ludic-pedagogical activities in German, Arabic, Italian and Russian. At the end of the activities, there was a competition with the attribution of 3 va-les equivalent to 30-hour Foreign Language Courses. All prizes were awarded to ESCCB students, from the 11th: Francisca Peixoto Mirra, Ângela da Costa Teixeira e Castro and Beatriz Batista Oliveira. The ESCCB saga continued with lunch at the U. M. canteen, and the students also attended the presentation of courses from the Department of Sciences.
• Actions to raise awareness and information about the European project In order to inform and make the European project better known to the little ones, the European Club established a delegation at EB Luís de Camões and with EB 2.3 Dona Maria II. The young ambassadors of the European Parliament have made presentations with various classes addressing various subjects, such as: “What is abstention?”, “What is the Schengen area?” Brexit? And now?
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• Europe: “What Else?” At the initiative of the European Club, João Dinis Álvares and Francisco Toldy, students of higher education, from the Physical and Technological Engineering courses at IST and Computer Science at UM, attended the ESCCB, respectively. With similar school paths, they brought their experience as secondary school students and dynamic participants in European projects. They lost some and they won others. Above all, they gained European prominence and taught how the whole process can be done, in order to combine formal and informal education, as mentioned the gains obtained to date. Alberto Mahomedov, a student at the European Club, proved, along with João Dinis Álvares, that even learning the Russian language resulted as a result of European 'flights'! • AECCB European Journal The European Club AECCB created in 2019, the European Journal AECCB, which aims to make the work developed by the club and the European Union known to the community. This initiative has the indispensable help of the young ambassadors who write all the news, opinion articles and information in a simpler and more accessible way for everyone. We aim to reach the entire community and thus, in addition to producing the paper newspaper, we also publish an online edition. • European Club permanent information point The European Club has a fixed information point in the school's lobby, with brochures on the EU, as well as the monthly schedule of activities. • Erasmus + The Camilo Castelo Branco School Group is involved in several Erasmus + projects such as the Help (Heritage Education Learning Program) and the + Participatory Democracy + Active Citizenship project.
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• IV European Tea On January 31, the IV European Tea was held at Camilo Castelo Branco Secondary School, organized by the students of the European Club and the European Parliament Ambassador School, under the coordination of Professor Carla Machado. A panel was convened to discuss the topic “Migrants and refugees: a threat or an opportunity for Europe?”, Composed by MEPs José Manuel Fernandes and Sandra Pereira, by entrepreneur José António Salcedo, by Councilman of the Municipality of Vila Nova de Famalicão Augusto Lima and by the deputy director of the School Group Camilo Castelo Branco Pedro Oliveira. This event also included the presence of CIED Minho, Público na Escola, the AE orchestra Camilo Castelo Branco and Audiovisual and Catering Courses. The representative of CIED Minho, Alzira Costa, proposed a reflection on the role of the European Union in resolving the current refugee crisis, following the initial interventions of the panel members. Augusto Lima approached the theme with special emphasis in the municipality of Vila Nova de Famalicão, noting that this is a place where many people of different nationalities reside, and that this is, without a doubt, an asset. Sandra Pereira appealed to the human side of the situation, stressing that she thinks that the European Union has not taken the right decisions, closing doors to the outside instead of building bridges. José António Salcedo said that migrants are not only an opportunity for Europe, but also a necessity, since it constitutes a vehicle for acquiring knowledge, something very important for our country to evolve. Finally, José Manuel Fernandes referred to the great importance of refugees in Europe and the very important role of the European Union in managing this entire crisis. The evening ended with questions posed by the audience to the panel members, opening a discussion that addressed various points of view around the proposed theme. Students from the European Club and the Ambassador School of the European Parliament continue to invest in Europe as a guarantor of peace and the path to a better world.
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LITHUANIA Debate Club On January 28th, the Conference Hall hosted a demonstration debate at the Julius Janonis Gymnasium, where the debate was held on "Should Western governments reclaim women and children who have joined ISIS." The debate was held by the teams of the supporters (Saulė Pigulevičiūtė, Jūris Dabašinskas, Sofija Matulevičiūtė-participant in the project, will participate in the Strasbourg ) and the negative (Mantvidas Valančius, Arijus Lengvenis, Gintarė Mačernytė) whose purpose was not to win the debate, and to expose the gymnasium community to its Activities. Although the club has been around since the beginning of the year, it is possible that many gymnasts have learned more about its activities on that day. The first meeting of this club took place on September 13th. Since then, the club has been increasing this, and it has been a long time since the formation of a team that really wants to learn the art of debate. When asked what prompted the establishment of a debating club, one of his pioneers, Mantvidas Valančius, replied: "I really like the debate, because it's such a unique feeling that fear mixes with joyful adrenaline, you won't experience anywhere else. For this reason, I wanted the debate club to exist in the gymnasium. The debate improves your speaking skills, you're forced to take an interest in the world, you're overcoming the fear of public speaking,'' mantvidas said. Anyone who wants to improve their speaking skills or expand their knowledge can join the JJG Debate Club, which takes place on Fridays, after six lessons. Dare and come!
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French Language Week On January 28th, the students tested their forces in the mind fight "All about France". Students improved their knowledge of history, geography and, of course, French. The winners were waiting for diplomas and commemorative medals. On January 29th, all French people went to Janonis High School to try their hand at a guide photo tour of Šiauliai. The only condition is to speak French... And again waited for the awards. At the end of the French week, everyone was invited again by šiauliai art gallery. This time, for the 15th time, all lovers of French cinema are invited by "Winter Screens". The French Institute in Lithuania and the Embassy of the French Republic cooperate with a large number of partners, including Šiauliai city schools. Thanks to them, the French language days program is so rich. Thank you to everyone who attended the French Language Week events. Let's learn to speak French!
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SPAIN Erasmus Days Urbi had an open event on the 10th of October. The school created a video with the experiences of teachers and students who take part in the Erasmus+ programme. Erasmus corner was decorated with information about Erasmus project: "+Participatory Democracy, +Active Citizenshwithip" with Portugal and Lituania.
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Europe Club Meeting with students, teachers, parents and authorities On 30th January, 2020 Students of Urbi High School acompanied by Principal of school (Koldo Lekunberri) Erasmus project coordinator (Karmele Lรณpez de Abetxuko), target teachers (Andoni Larrea and Arrate Aldaiturriaga) and other teachers and representatives of school celebrated the 1st General Meeting of Europe Club. Projects of school were presented: Agenda 21 (21 Agenda); Lan Kooperatiboa (Cooperative Work); Banco de Alimentos (Food Bank); eTwinning; Erasmus+; Irakurketa Plana (Reading Plan); Elkarbizitza (School Coexistence); Internet eta Segurtasuna (eSafety) and Europa Kluba (Europe Club).
These projects were collected in this website: https://sites.google.com/urbibas.org/urbiko-proiektuak-/aurkibidea
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After projects´ presentation Meeting focused on Europe Club contents: Europe projects impact in the whole school, not only in students or teachers, but also in families and the city. Europe projects help and promote the acquisition of linguistic, social, interpersonal skills and abilities, as well of vision of Europe as a common educational, institutional and cultural frame to develop aims or objectives of every school. Only working together European schools fulfill their expectations. Finally students of Urbi received the National and European Quality Seal obtained by 3 different eTwinning projects:
Interroga Mulieres/ Ask women
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B.I.S. Beauty is Subjective
Zu eta ni, lanean elkarrekin! (ÂĄTĂş y yo, trabajando juntos!)
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“My map of the worldâ€? activity Students and teachers created a personal map of the world connecting the places more important for them. Considered aspects: birth place, home, family, friends, acquaintances, favourite music, favourite food, places to visit, ‌
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“Homo sapiens, sicarius” activity “Adolf Hitler, who ordered the execution of some eight million people and was responsible for the deaths of many millions more, was said by his secretary Traudl Junge to have had an agreeable, friendly, and paternal manner. He hated cruelty to animals: he was a vegetarian, adored his dog Blondi and was inconsolable when Blondi died. Pol Pot, the leader of Cambodia whose policies killed maybe a quarter of his country’s people, was known to his acquaintances as a soft-spoken and kindly teacher of French history. During eighteen months in prison, Joseph Stalin was always amazingly calm and never shouted or swore. In effect, he was a model gentleman-inmate, not obviously the kind of person who would later annihilate millions for political convenience.” (source: Are Humans Good or Evil? A Primatologist Looks to Our Ancestors for the Answer; Written by Richard Wrangham Jun 5, 2019) Students created a digital analogical mural summarizing the duality of human race: We can be the nastiest of species and also the nicest. Humanity can create and promote as differents “inventions” as dictatorship, war, patriarchy, exploitation of children, pollution, animal abuse, homophobia, slavery, racism, fascism, inquisition, lack of democracy,workers exploitation or education, public health system, culture, art, music, ngo, technology, freedom, sciences, democracy, philosophy, declaration of human rights.
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DIGITAL BOARD
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CITIZENSHIP PORTUGAL • Youth Parliament At the Camilo Castelo Branco School Group, we also promote, every year, the participation of students in the Youth Parliament competition, an initiative of the Assembly of the Republic, with the aim of educating for citizenship, stimulating a taste for civic and political participation, promote democratic debate, respect for diversity of opinions and the formation of decisions. • International Human Rights Day Throughout December 10, 2019, the European Club promoted several activities in order to make the school community aware of the importance of this letter so important for the daily life of any European citizen. The Day was marked with theater, human lyrics, a report on the holo-causte on the internal TV circuit (RTP Ensina), performance of an Arts student with music alluding to the theme, presentation of the origin of Human Rights by young ambassadors, testimonies of volunteer missionaries and a wartime Command officer. To conclude: exhibition of the articles designed by the Arts class - 10th I, shown at the ESCCB Library.
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• “CHANGE at School” “MUDA na Escola” is a national digital inclusion project. Its target audience is mainly the senior population, but it is open to anyone who wants and is open to learning. We cannot remain indifferent to this opportunity to help those who are left behind in the interactions and digital life (which are so present in the times in which we live), and we form a vast group of club members who were enthusiastic about this initiative. The trainings have been held around twice a week, and the number of volunteers and trainees is only increasing. The degree of satisfaction with this initiative is high: both young people and seniors emerge richer from each session. This is not only due to learning at a digital level, but also due to the coexistence and mutual assistance between different age groups, which demonstrate not only great understanding, but also enormous solidarity and affection.
LITHUANIA Youth Activities 1 Guitar Studio; Girls’ choir “Viva Melodica”; Jaunieji Samariečiai (The Young Samaritans); Theater studio “Jeigu...”; Art Studio “Koloritas”; Folk Dance Collective “Liuoksninis”; Robotics; Journalists’ Club “Tebūnie Šviesa”; Volunteering; The Food Bank charity campaign; Environmental management.
Youth activities 2 LJS „Žingsnis“ (Lithuania youth union “Step”); Lietuvos Moksleivių Sąjunga ( Lithuanian Student Union); Lietuvos Raudonasis Kryžius (Lithuanian Red Cross); Caritas Lithuania; “Šiaulių letenėlė“ (“Šiauliai paw“); Lietuvos Šaulių Sąjunga (or Lithuania Riflemen‘s Union); DofE (The Duke of Edinburgh International Award);
Lietuvos skautai (Lithuanian Scouts)
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International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2020-01-27 oday is International Holocaust Remembrance Day. The Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp was liberated 75 years ago. The resolution of the United Nations General Assembly of 1 November 2005 was declared 27 January as the annual International Holocaust Remembrance Day. This resolution rejects Holocaust denial, condemns discrimination and violence on religious or ethnic grounds.
January 13th – Freedom Defenders Day
I remember why we are free
They celebrated the 30th anniversary of the restoration of Lithuania's independence. The week began with the meeting with The Act of March 11, DonatU Morkūnu, the opening of the Exhibition of Origami works of Pijus Kavaliauskas, and they met the celebration to welcome the gymnasium community, talked in citizenship class with the young advisor of the mayor of Šiauliai city Justinu Švėgžda, and song about the homeland, freedom. Happy 30th birthday of independence!
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SPAIN Agenda 21
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Agenda 21 is an educational program to promote the sustainability and the quality of schools.It is based in the participation of the whole community and municipality and intervenes and collaborates in the sustainable development of the city. Growing knowledge, capabilities, actitudes, motivation and compromise is its principal aim. Everything in order to encourage students and young people to take part in the resolution of environmental problems of the world.
Banco de Alimentos​ of Biscay This Food Bank store the excedents of food industries, distribution companies, Spanish Agricultural Guarantee Fund, excedents of agricultural campaigns and so on. At schools volunteer students organize campaign to collect basic food, such as pasta, legumes, oil, milk, rice,... and basic other basic products like nappies or sanitary towels. Then they organize them to be distribute and share. Besides the students collaborative in the warehouse of Food Bank after specifical Big Campaign in the 4th week of November. They helped distributing and packing collected goods.
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Bizikidetza (Convivence) In order to ensure convivence and avoid male chauvinist attitudes vary actions and activities are organized by students, teachers and municipal representatives. Day Against Gender Violence, 25th November: A version of a Basque song is created and song by teachers and students: URBIN BERDINTASUNA HELBURU GOIZEAN GOIZIK GOSALDU ETA URBIRA GATOZENEAN ARGI DAUKAGU GURA DOGULA HEZI BERDINTASUNEAN Munduan mina jasaten duten Emakume denen alde Gure artean bizi nahi dogu Indarkeriarik gabe GOIZEAN GOIZIK GOSALDU ETA ... Gogoratzeko egun ona da Azaroak hogeita bost Ez dugula nahi erasotzerik Ez inon eta ez inork GOIZEAN GOIZIK GOSALDU ETA ... Genero denak errespetatuz Tokatzen zaigun bezela Pentsatzen dugu horrela bide Zuzenetik goazela GOIZEAN GOIZIK GOSALDU ETA ... Ohera sartu eta itzarrik Gustatzen zait amestea Elkarrentzako tratu gozoa Baino ez daukan jentea GOIZEAN GOIZIK GOSALDU ETA ...(BI)
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Beldur barik (Without Fear) The goal of this project is to fight against the sexist violence and the agents which promote it. Principal objective is to give female students the strategies and skills to empowered themselves and achieve a good selfstem. Students take part in annual contest ​creating videos and graphics. Music selection by Beldur Barik: ​Playlist
in Spotify
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1ST MOBILITY (BRUSSELS, 29TH NOV-4TH DEC, 2019) Main activities On 30th November: Visit to the House of European History. interactive self-guided visit to permanent exhibition. Collaborative work in international groups:
Learn about the EU in 12 steps.
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Multicultural dinner:
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On 1st December: Visiting and working in collaborative international groups in Parlamentarium.
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Simulation/ Role-play Game: “The European Parliament: everybody could become a politician and take important decisions for Europe”.
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On 2nd December: Encounter with the 3 Members of European Parliament. They explain organization, duties and dynamics of their job.
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Gymkhana in European Parliament Area.
On 3rd December: War-Peace activity in international collaborative groups.
VIDEO
GROUP 1:CAROLINA DA COSTA/ GYTĖ MARCINKUTĖ/ ZURIÑE DIONISIO
GROUP 2: BERNARDO BARRIO DE SOUSA, KAROLINA JONUŠKAITĖ LORE ISUSKIZA
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VIDEO
GROUP 3: MARISA CAMPOS, RINGAUDAS BALČYTIS, UDANE TUDANCA
GROUP 4: BERNARDO SOUSA, BEATRIČĖ TUPIKAITĖ, AMAIA BENGOA
PREZI
GROUP 5: MARGARIDA PASSOS, RADVILĖ VAIGAUSKAITĖ, IZARO RODRÍGUEZ
GROUP 7: MARIANA SOFIA GOMES, ARMANDAS OZOLAS, AICHA ODRAGO
GROUP 6: FRANCISCA DE OLIVEIRA, ARNAS BEIŠYS, JOSUNE ALFAGEME
GROUP 8: MARTA GONÇALVES, BENITA ULYTĖ, ARITZ SALGUERO
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Flash-mob in La Grand Place
Participation Certificates and last speeches
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DEMOCRACY IN NUMBERS UNDERSTANDING THE D'HONDT METHOD The D´Hont method is based on translating votes proportionally into whole seats. Parliaments requires a method like this to translate people's votes into whole seats. The D´Hont method is a mathematical formula to get a proportional representation system and this is more used than another ones.This method increase the advantage for the electoral list which gain most votes to detriment of those with fewer votes. However, it's a very effective method in making easier majority formation and this provides to parliamentary security. In the election to the European Parliament, 16 EU Member States uses this method. Electoral systems based on proportional representation emerged with the rise of representative democracy and the electoral suffrage. It is the best method to produce stable governments and to ensure that the electoral votes are reflected as closely as possible. It is, however, effective in facilitating majority formation and thus in securing parliamentary operability. The d'Hondt method is used by 19 EU Member States for the elections to the European Parliament. The d'Hondt method is named after Belgian lawyer and mathematician, Victor d'Hondt, who developed it in the 1880s. He wants to accommodate in parliament Belgium´s different linguistic groups, as better as possible. Under the d'Hondt method, each party's total number of votes is repeatedly divided, until all seats are filled, by the divisor 1 + the number of seats already allocated (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.). Each division produces an average, and the list with the 'highest average vote' is awarded the first seat, the next highest the second seat, and so on, until all seats have been allocated (In Table 1, the highest average is marked in bold at each stage of the allocation process).
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SIMULATION FOR THE ALLOCATION OF EIGHT SEATS, WITH THREE PARTIES Practical exercise: 480.000 votes ,6 parties and 11 members of the Parliament : A (168.000 votes), B (104.000 votes), C (72.000 votes), D (64.000 votes), E (40.000 votes), F (32.000 votes). División 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
A 168.000[1] 84.000[3] 56.000[6] 42.000[8] 33.600 28.000 24.000 21.000 18.667 16.800 15.273
B 104.000[2] 52.000[7] 34.667[11] 26.000 20.800 17.333 14.857 13.000 11.556 10.400 9.455
C 72.000[4] 36.000[10] 24.000 18.000 14.400 12.000 10.286 9.000 8.000 7.200 6.515
D 64.000 [5] 32.000 21.333 16.000 12.800 10667 9.143 8.000 7.111 6.400 5.818
E 40.000[9] 20.000 13.133 10.000 8.000 6.667 5.714 5.000 4.444 4.000 3.636
F 32.000 16.000 10.667 8.000 6.400 5.333 4.571 4.000 3.556 3.200 2.909
This is a very good simulator to understand D´Hont method. https://www.estadisticaparatodos.es/software/misjavascript/javascript_hondt2.html
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Students´ testimonies
My Erasmus was in Brussels, I really liked this experience. I never thought I was going to learn so many things in one week. We learned a lot about European history and about the European institutions and how Parliament works. I will never forget that trip, it was fun. (Olaia Delgado Pinto) Bruselasera egin genuen bidaia zoragarria izan zen. Herri eta hiri polit bat ezagutu genuen, historiaz betea. Bereziki, Europar Batasunaren funtzionamendua eta helburuak ezagutzean, gure historia hobeto ulertzeko aukera izan genuen, eta akatsetatik ikasteko. Horretaz gain, munduko beste pertsona berriak ezagutzean, kulturaz eta jakinduriaz bete ginen. Bizitza ikusteko ikus-puntu desberdinak jakin eta ulertu genituen, europar guztiak desberdinak garelako eta Europa da komunean duguna, gauza txikia dirudi arren. Europak gerra gaaian bakea nola lortzeko antolatu zuen plana harritu ninduen, miseria garaietan pertsona eskuzabalak badaudela ere zihurtatzen duelako, mundu blibre bat osatzeko. Gainera, han egondako astea pertsonalki asko garatu nintzen, zurea ez den herrialde batean zaudelako eta autonomia pizka bat hartzea inoiz ez datorrelako txarto. Oso libre sentitu nintzen. (Lore Isuskiza Ruiz)
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Evaluation
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+PARTICIPATORY DEMOCRACY, +ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP eTwining Erasmus+ 2019-20 MAGAZINE Everything ready to continue in Strasbourg…
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