Vertebral Columns Fall 2023

Page 12

12

NEW TECHNOLOGY

From The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, in Columbus, Ohio.

Augmented Reality Transforming the Future of Spine Surgery

In the rapidly evolving field of medicine, augmented reality (AR) has emerged as a transformative technology that seamlessly integrates virtual images into the real world. When compared to virtual Hania Shahzad, MD reality (VR), which immerses users entirely in a synthetic virtual realm, and mixed/merged reality (MR),1 which represents a fusion of a virtual environment with haptic feedback through physical models, AR technology stands out as a compelling choice for Safdar N. Khan, MD applications in spine surgery. AR offers real-time applications in surgical procedures, surpassing the primarily training-focused utilities of VR and MR in nonoperative settings.2 AR navigation in spine surgery delivers accuracy and enhances workflow compared to conventional navigation and freehand techniques. This is particularly crucial in spine surgeries, where precision is vital due to the proximity of the operative field to delicate neurovascular structures. AR support also improves surgical comfort, particularly in reoperations where anatomical landmarks are lacking. Additionally, AR-based patient registration reduces radiation exposure for both patients and medical staff. It also provides a safe platform for trainees to practice

Fall 2023

Vertebral Columns

complex surgical procedures through stepby-step interactive learning, minimizing the risk of patient harm and achieving higher success rates with reduced tissue trauma. Additionally, the collaborative nature of AR fosters multidisciplinary teamwork during surgery and facilitates global expertise expansion through telementorship. Moreover, its cost-effectiveness and adaptability make it a valuable tool for surgical training and practice, especially in resource-limited settings. 3–5

AR-Based Surgical Set-up An AR-based surgical procedure comprises three key components: patient registration, instrument tracking, and display (Figure 1). The radiological images of the patient’s anatomy are used to construct a 3-dimensional (3D) model using advanced software. Patient registration involves aligning computer-generated images with the surgical area utilizing markers strategically positioned within the surgical field to maintain continuous tracking. The markers play a critical role in maintaining constant tracking of both the surgeon’s instruments and the patient’s anatomy. Markers ensure that the superimposed 3D images remain in the correct position and orientation, even as the instruments move. The display device allows the visualization of the holographs

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Articles inside

Intradiscal Injections

9min
pages 37-39

An Update on Multimodal Analgesia

10min
pages 33-36

Update on Vertebral Augmentation for Thoracolumbar Fragility Fractures

8min
pages 30-32

A Comparative Review of Lumbar Bone Density Measurement Techniques and Additional Applications

12min
pages 25-29

Return to Activity Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

13min
pages 20-24

Evaluating Cervical Alignment

4min
pages 18-19

Augmented Reality

11min
pages 12-17

AI-Driven Risk Stratification in Spine Surgery

11min
pages 7-11

Ocular Complications in Spine Surgery

10min
pages 3-6

Intradiscal Injections

9min
pages 37-39

An Update on Multimodal Analgesia

10min
pages 33-36

Update on Vertebral Augmentation for Thoracolumbar Fragility Fractures

8min
pages 30-32

A Comparative Review of Lumbar Bone Density Measurement Techniques and Additional Applications

13min
pages 25-29

Return to Activity Following Cervical Disc Arthroplasty

13min
pages 20-24

Evaluating Cervical Alignment

4min
pages 18-19

Augmented Reality

11min
pages 12-17

AI-Driven Risk Stratification in Spine Surgery

11min
pages 7-11

Ocular Complications in Spine Surgery

10min
pages 3-6
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