Clinical characteristics of moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes

Introduction

Diabetes was reported to increase the risk of complications in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Aim

To identify potential biomarkers and differentiate between severe from moderate form of COVID-19 patiens and help in rapid diagnostic and prognostics of disease. This study explores also the clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes and moderate and severe covid-19, and the association of diabetes with survival duration after hospital addmision.

Methods

The data from 97 patients diagnosed with different forms as COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. Biochemical (lactat dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose) and hematological parameters (lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets and index such as neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) were investigated as potential indicators of the severity of the COVID-19 pneumonia.

Results

Concentrations profile of LDH, CRP and LDH/lymphocite ratio in term of median and standard error in severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases were cuantified. Among patients with severe form of COVID-19 pneumonia 97% whose laboratory test showed LDH activity ˃225 U/L. The correlation matrix between the biochemical and the hematological parameters used in diagnosing of COVID-19 patients with severe and non-severe (mild and moderate) forms had statistically significant correlation coefficients (r=0.39–0.96; p˂0,05). Cox regresion were used to predict time for surviving in case of diabetic patients.

Conclusions

Statistical results showed that LDH could be identified as a powerful predictive factor for early recognition of severe and non-severe COVID-19 pneumonia. CRP, LDH/lymphocyte ratio were also dynamically correlated with the severity of the disease.Statistical test point short time of surviving in case of diabetic patients with severe forms of COVID-19.

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