International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 08 | Aug 2020
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design & Analysis of Ladder Frame Chassis Yagyansh Mishra Dept. of Automobile Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Automotive chassis is the most important part of any automobile onto which other mechanical parts like engine, wheels, axle assemblies, etc. are mounted. It acts as the backbone of any vehicle. The chassis has to withstand the shocks, vibrations, and any stresses induced in the vehicle. Hence the material and the design of the chassis decide the overall strength and stability of the vehicle. On chassis, maximum shear stress and deflection under maximum load are important criteria for design and analysis. It should be able to withstand these forces without much bending or twisting. In this work, TATA LPT 1618 truck is used to create the chassis with different cross-sections namely – C, I, and Rectangular Box (Hollow) type. The modelled chassis is taken for analysis with materials namely ASTM A710 Steel, ASTM A302 Alloy Steel, and Aluminium Alloy 6063-T6 subjected to the same load. The problem to be dealt with for this dissertation work is to Design and Analyse using suitable CAE software for ladder chassis. The report is the work performed towards the optimization of the automobile chassis with constraints of stiffness and strength. The modelling is done using SOLIDWORKS 2019 and the finite element analysis is done using ANSYS 2019 R3. Key Words: Ladder chassis; modelling; structural analysis; C, I and Rectangular Box (Hollow) type cross sections; SOLIDWORKS 2019; ANSYS 2019 R3
1. INTRODUCTION A chassis is a load-bearing framework of an artificial object, which structurally supports the object in its construction and function. Automobile chassis is used to mount the parks like wheels, tires, axle assemblies, suspension, etc. The chassis provides the strength needed for supporting the different vehicular components as well as the payload and helps to keep the automobile rigid and stiff. Automobile chassis ensures less noise, vibrations, and harshness throughout the automobile. The chassis frame consists of side members attached with a series of cross members. It also decides the safety level of any vehicle. Along with the strength, an important consideration in chassis design is to have adequate bending and torsional stiffness for better handling characteristics. So, strength and stiffness are two important criteria for the design of chassis. Stress analysis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be used to locate the critical point which has the highest stress. This critical point is one of the factors that may cause fatigue failure. Accuracy of this analysis helps in deciding the life span of any chassis frame. Types of chassis frame: Cruciform frame: It is a frame to carry torsion loads where no element of the frame is subject to a torsion moment and is made of two straight beams and a center X shaped cross member. It will only have bending loads applied to the beams. This type of frame has good torsional stiffness provided the joint at the center is satisfactorily designed. Space frame: In this type, the suspension, engine, and body panels are attached to a three-dimensional skeletal frame of tubes and the body panels have little or no structural function. To maximize rigidity and minimize weight, the design makes maximum use of triangles and all the forces in each strut are either tensile or compressive, never bending, so they can be kept as thin as possible. Ladder frame: It is clear from its name that the ladder chassis resembles a shape of a ladder having two longitudinal rails inter linked by lateral and cross braces. This design offers good beam resistance because of its continuous rails from front to rear, but poor resistance to torsion or warping.
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