International FIltration News - Issue 3, 2025

STRONGER TOGETHER

Beverlin Specialty Tube is proud to announce the acquisition of Perforated Tubes. This exciting partnership brings together over 100 years of combined expertise in perforated cores, filter elements and welded assemblies, forming a unified powerhouse poised to set new industry standards. By joining forces, we are now able to offer an even broader range of exceptional products and services, while continuing to deliver the unparalleled experience our customers expect. Together, we’re expanding our reach across sectors and increasing our impact on the market.

To learn more, visit beverlin.com and perftubes.com or call us at 616.949.5990.

616.949.5990

Solution Center: LAM-X Bringing Innovation to the Industry

Greening Filter Media at the Roots of a Natural Skyline By Adrian Wilson, International Correspondent, IFN

Exploring Bio-Electrostatic Options Can Biopolymers Power the Future of Air Filtration? By Yasar Kiyak, PhD

Harvest from Natural Materials Trends in Sourcing for Filter Media Applications By Jason Chen, International Correspondent, IFN

Fine-Tuning the Performance of Membranes for Liquid Filtration By Adrian Wilson, International Correspondent, IFN

Innovations & Trends in Residential IAQ and Ventilation

Plus: Excerpts from the Experts – Going the Extra Mile By Dr. Iyad Al-Attar, Global Correspondent, IFN

Filtration Particulars

The Difference Between a Separator and a Filter for Cleaning Industrial Liquids By James J. Joseph

FILTCON 2025 Honors Excellence

Plus: EDANA’s FILTREX 2025 Explores Sustainability By Caryn Smith, Chief Content Officer & Publisher, IFN

Caryn Smith

Chief Content Officer & Publisher, INDA Media csmith@inda.org

Adrian Wilson International Correspondent adawilson@gmail.com +44 7897.913134

Dr. Iyad Al-Attar

Global Correspondent, Technology & Innovation, Visiting Academic Fellow Cranfield University i@driyadalattar.com

Yasar Kiyak, PhD, PMP, CAFS R&D Manager Gessner Filtration, a MATIV Brand yasar.kiyak@mativ.com

Introducing IFN ’s New Featured Writers!

Dr. Iyad Al-Attar

Global Correspondent, Technology and Innovation

We live in an era defined by rapid technological advancement and a growing awareness of the intricate relationship between our environment and well-being. We are privileged to introduce Dr. Iyad Al-Attar, a distinguished mechanical engineer, air quality consultant, and academic luminary, who will focus specifically on the critical intersection of filtration technologies and their impact on public health and diverse industrial applications.

Dr. Al-Attar’s credentials speak volumes about his expertise and dedication to the field. He holds a Ph.D. from Loughborough University, preceded by Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees from Kuwait University and the University of Toronto respectively, with an academic foundation in engineering. His pursuit of knowledge extends beyond traditional engineering boundaries, encompassing executive education from MIT and Harvard Business School, specializing in sustainability, business, and strategy. This unique blend of technical acumen and strategic insight positions him as a visionary leader capable of navigating the complex landscape of global technological innovation.

Currently, Dr. Al-Attar serves as a Visiting Academic Fellow at Cranfield University, focusing on air quality and filter performance relevant to land-based gas turbines. This specialized expertise underscores his deep understanding of the intricacies of filtration in demanding industrial settings. His role as the first associated air filtration consultant for Eurovent Middle East and, more recently, as the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) patron for EUROVENT, the voice of the European HVACR industry with global reach, further solidifies his position as a leading authority in air quality and filtration.

As an IFN correspondent, Dr. Al-Attar will leverage his extensive experience and profound knowledge to explore and disseminate cutting-edge advancements in filtration technologies. His focus will be multifaceted, addressing the importance of appropriate filtration in promoting public health and well-being while simultaneously highlighting its role in advancing diverse applications such as filter media manufacturing and performance, in vitro fertilization (IVF), power generation, urban planning, and city design, among other forwardthinking filtration topics, as a catalyst for positive change, bridging the gap between cutting-edge research and real-world applications.

James J. Joseph

Author and Consultant Joseph Marketing +1 757.565.1549 josephmarketing120@ gmail.com

Jason Chen International Correspondent jasonchen200501@hotmail.com

Philippe Wijns is a Certified Expert in Sustainable Finance, Climate Finance, and Renewable Energy from the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management. He began his professional journey with global leaders in the nonwovens industry before transitioning to the filtration sector, where he specialized in filtration technologies across a wide range of applications and markets – including industrial and automotive systems, HVAC, household appliances, medical and life sciences, as well as power storage solutions such as fuel cells, hydrogen systems, and battery separators. Over the years, he has established himself as a recognized expert in filtration media.

Building on a successful career with global market leaders in these fields, Philippe recently founded CleverSustainability, a consultancy dedicated to sustainable business development. Through this platform, he helps companies develop and implement sustainability strategies, ensure compliance with the EU legal reporting requirements, and enhance their sustainable business growth, product portfolio and development, and market positioning.

Wijns holds a bachelor’s degree in medicine and chemistry from the Catholic University of Leuven, an MBA in Strategic Marketing from the Maastricht School of Management, and a postgraduate degree in International Business and Finance. Born in Brussels and now based in Frankfurt, he considers the city his home.

Wijns shares his commentary in our NEW Green Economy column. To connect, email philippe.wijns@ cleversustainability.com or visit https://www. linkedin.com/in/philippe-wijns-5b95741.

Philippe Wijns Principal, CleverSustainability

CSMITH@INDA.ORG +1 239.225.6137

VIEWPOINT

Prioritizing Sustainability and Reducing Environmental Impact

“Innovation

Steve Jobs is my hero of innovation. Every time analysts say Apple is dropping in the technology popularity contest, his innovative company follows his legacy of innovative thinking and wows us with new cool ideas like a computer in your watch! From iMac to iPod to iPad to iWatch, Apple makes technology fun, friendly and trendy. His inspiration rings truer than ever for industry leaders in any niche. Innovation is not just a buzzword; it is the force that sets leaders apart from followers, inspiring us to challenge the status quo and redefine the possibilities.

Keeping pace or outpacing competitors means we must dare to forge new paths, even when the way forward is uncertain. When it comes to filtration and green technologies, the industry is waiting for others to forge the path due to prohibitive costs and lack of consumer buy-in. Yet, someone needs to lead.

In this issue of IFN, contributors explore how creative thinking and experimentation can shape the future of filtration, leading the way for greener options:

• Urban Greening: Filter Media at the Roots of a Natural Skyline by Adrian Wilson, page 20, examines how nature and filtration can transform cityscapes, supporting greener, healthier urban environments.

• Exploring Bio-Electrostatic Options: Can Biopolymers Power the Future of Air Filtration?, page 24, by Yasar Kiyak, PhD, delves into the promise of biopolymer-based

filters–demonstrating that sustainable materials can deliver high performance while reducing environmental impact.

• Harvest from Natural Materials: Trends in Sourcing for Filter Media Applications by Jason Chen, page 28, highlights the shift toward renewable, biodegradable resources, reflecting a broader industry move toward eco-friendly solutions.

• Fine-Tuning the Performance of Membranes for Liquid Filtration by Adrian Wilson, page 32, shares research from Professor Steffen Schütz, senior manager of membrane development at MANN+HUMMEL, outlining the key markets and applications for membrane technologies in liquid filtration, emerging new developments and challenges involved in balancing performance requirements and environmental legislation.

• Innovations & Trends in Residential IAQ and Ventilation by Dr. Iyad Al-Attar, page 36, interviews Andrew Guido, most recently a recipient of the GIA Global Innovation Home of the Year from the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB).

As you read, I encourage you to reflect on how innovation shapes your own work and organization. Are you leading, or are you following?

Caryn Smith Chief Content Officer & Publisher, INDA Media, IFN

International Filtration News Editorial Advisory Board

R. Vijayakumar, Ph.D., Chair

AERFIL

Tel: +1 315-506-6883

Email: vijay@aerfil.com

Tom Justice, CAFS, NCT

ZENE, LLC Filtration

Tel: +1 757-378-3857

Email: justfilter@yahoo.com

James J. Joseph

Joseph Marketing

Tel/Fax: +1 757-565-1549

Email: josephmarketing120@gmail.com

Wenping Li, Ph.D.

Agriltech Research Company

Tel: +1 337-421-6345

Email: wenpingl@agrilectric.com

Rishit R. Merchant

Parker Hannifin

Tel: +1 805-604-3519

Email:rishit.merchant@parker.com

Thad Ptak, Ph.D.

TJ Ptak & Associates

Tel: +1 414-514-8937

Email: thadptak@hotmail.com

If you would like to utilize your expertise to help shape the content in the IFN , consider applying for the IFN Editorial Advisory Board. We welcome participation through input on trends and innovations, new story ideas and overall thought leadership. This is a collaborative board that meets quarterly to discuss the state of the industry. Send an email to Caryn Smith at csmith@inda.org for consideration.

distinguishes between a leader and a follower.” — Steve Jobs

SPOTLIGHT

Product Novelty in Filtration

Filtration Efficiency in PET Recycling –Automated Inline Cleaning

Short Filter Service Lives and Labor-Intensive Cleaning Are No Longer an Issue

Large-area filtration faces the challenge of high costs, maintenance efforts, and time-consuming changeover and cleaning activities, and it becomes even more challenging with increasing rPET content. BB Engineering (BBE) in Germany has addressed these issues with the company’s new COBRA filter, which combines continuous and automated large-area filtration with integrated intermediate filter cleaning –setting a new standard in efficiency, ease of use and resource saving, and finally meeting the demanding requirements of recycling processes.

Large-Area Fine Filtration

Recyclers are dealing with a dilemma when it comes to filtration. Increasing recycling quotas with insufficient availability means that lower input qualities are being considered for recycling, resulting in challenging contaminants. At the same time, higher-quality applications are being targeted, which further intensifies the requirement for fine filtration. There are systems for large quantities of contaminants, but they do not filter as finely as a candle filter. There are also candle filters that provide excellent filtration but cannot cope with high levels of contamination.

The new COBRA filter can do both. It was developed for demanding filtration tasks with high levels of contamination, particularly in PET recycling. COBRA unites large-area fine filtration with simultaneous, fast and effortless cleaning, and is able to handle higher contamination rates, which common candle filters would fail on. However, this allrounder

can also be used for other applications, e.g. in synthetic fiber spinning.

Continuity and Process Stability

As a continuous filter, the COBRA filter has two filter inserts, one of which is always active in production mode and the other either in stand-by mode or in intermediate cleaning. The automated switchover ensures a smooth changeover between the inserts. The status of the filter inserts is constantly checked by the system and, if necessary, the COBRA filter automatically initiates the cleaning and changeover process. All the operator has to do is confirm this on the user interface. The process thus continues to run stably and safely without interruption. Operator-related deviations in the switching process, errors or delays, all of which could affect the process, cannot occur.

Effortless Inline Cleaning

The highlight of the COBRA filter is the integration of BBE’s White Filter Cleaning technology (WFC). This process enables chemical-free and environmentally friendly intermediate cleaning of the filter inserts using hot steam alone and extends the filter’s service life many times over. BBE has already had WFC in its product portfolio as a stand-alone solution for several years. Now, for the first time, the cleaning system is integrated directly into a filter, bringing additional advantages, like cleaning speed and wear-reduction. Production and cleaning become an alternating interaction. Only after multiple operating/cleaning cycles (the exact number depends on product and degree of soiling) is it necessary to completely remove

the filter insert for a service check and full cleaning. The WFC cleaning process only takes around 10 hours, whereas conventional cleaning takes several days. Filtration and cleaning form a self-contained, automated system that guarantees process and operating safety in equal measure: The operator does not have to handle melt or chemicals.

Simplified Handling, Efficiency

BB Engineering pursued clear objectives when developing the COBRA filter: In addition to adapting the system to the growing challenges arising from increasing levels of contamination in recycling, BBE focused on simplifying filter changes and cleaning processes through automation as well as savings in operating costs.

Comparing the COBRA filter with other fine filters with a throughput of 2000 kg/h reveals a saving of 40% in pure operating costs. One significant part of the savings comes from the reduction of melt loss through backflushcycles. Another key point is the continuous operation with significantly longer service life thanks to the integrated cleaning with steam. This is linked to reduced use of spare parts and consumables due to the gentle treatment, conversion costs and a lower energy requirement, as no heating and cooling phases and generally lower cleaning temperatures are required. Costs of chemicals are completely eliminated. Further more information, contact Pia Kürtenkuerten.pia@bbeng.de. www.bbeng.de

 For details on how to submit your company’s technology for consideration as a “Technology Spotlight” in IFN , contact Ken Norberg at ken@filtnews.com or +1 202.681.2022.

NOTES TECH

Memsift Innovations and Murugappa Group Announce the Commercial Launch of GOSEP™ Ultrafiltration Membrane

Singapore-based

Memsift Innovations, an emerging leader in advanced membrane technologies, in partnership with the Murugappa Group, announced the commercial launch of the GOSEP™ ultrafiltration membrane and the opening of a cutting-edge membrane manufacturing facility. This milestone marks a significant leap forward in making one of the most advanced membrane chemistries accessible at scale, reinforcing Memsift’s commitment to revolutionizing the water treatment and separation industries.

The two companies formalized a partnership with an MOU signed in June 2023.

Gosep ultrafiltration membranes are made with innovative, chemically resistant, and highly durable membrane chemistry. They have applications in industrial wastewater treatment, resource recovery, pre-treatment for desalination, and chemical separation.

Memsift said that the commercial availability of Gosep membranes is expected to significantly reduce operational costs and enhance efficiency for industries seeking sustainable water treatment solutions, including microelectronics, textiles, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. www.memsift.com

Parker Launches Automated Solution for PUPSIT Integration

Parker Bioscience Filtration, a division of Parker Hannifin, the global leader in motion and control technologies, announced the launch of SciLog ® NFF+ PF. This innovative solution is specifically designed to assist biopharmaceutical manufacturers in seamlessly integrating Pre-Use Post-Sterilization Integrity Testing (PUPSIT) into their filtration processes, ensuring the highest product safety and quality standards.

The SciLog ® NFF+ PF system addresses the complexities of implementing PUPSIT in biopharmaceutical manufacturing environments. This fully automated, multipurpose Normal Flow Filtration (NFF) system features an onboard PUPSIT solution. It is designed with a compact footprint, making it ideal for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) operating environments.

In response to the updated EU GMP Annex 1 guidelines, PUPSIT – an essential procedure for verifying the integrity of sterilizing filters before use – has become mandatory in most sterilizing filtration applications. This requirement is integral to quality risk management strategies aimed at validating filter integrity prior to its application.

However, implementing PUPSIT can introduce increased risks, such as a higher number of connections and elevated operating pressures, which can lead to human error and necessitate additional operator training. Operational errors can result in product waste, potentially affecting supply chains.

Parker has integrated single-use flow paths, advanced sensing technology, and automation within the SciLog® NFF+ PF system to mitigate these challenges. This design guides operators through the PUPSIT process and overall bioprocessing via an intuitive interface, significantly reducing the risk of human error. Operators can configure fully automated sequences to monitor, adjust, and record pressure and flow rates, optimizing processing times and maximizing filter life and efficiency. The system executes the sterile filtration sequence, with PUPSIT seamlessly integrating as a key step in the process, ensuring filter integrity is validated before product filtration. www.parker.com

Mott Corp. Supports U.S. Dairy Farm With Wastewater Filtration Systems

Mott Corporation, headquartered in Connecticut, announced a $40 million agreement with a large U.S. dairy farm operation to deploy its custom filtration solutions. This strategic partnership will involve deploying advanced filtration systems to treat over two million gallons of wastewater daily.

The custom-designed system was specifically tailored to address the dairy industry’s unique requirements, providing an efficient and cost-effective solution for wastewater treatment. This collaboration highlights Mott’s ongoing commitment to delivering innovative

solutions that improve operational efficiency and promote sustainability for its clients.

Installing Mott’s proprietary Microfiltration (MF) and Sub-Induction Time Reverse Osmosis (SIT-RO) systems simplifies processes and enhances efficiency. Additionally, this approach reduces the need for common chemicals and other additives, leading to lower operating costs. www.mottcorp.com

p Parker SciLog NFF+ Automated NFF System with PUPSIT Capabilities. Parker Hannifin

CLEANR to

Help

Campuses Fight Microplastic Pollution

CLEANR has launched a new offering that will enable U.S. universities to reduce their microplastic emissions significantly. Under the program, CLEANR will deploy its breakthrough microplastics filter to on-campus washing machines to prevent microplastics from going down the drain and entering the environment.

CLEANR first debuted its filters at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) as part of its sustainability efforts.

Ahlstrom Leading the Way in Lignin-Based Filtration Solutions

Ahlstrom, a global leader in fiber-based specialty materials, enhances its offering for its patented lignin-based filtration media. A proven, high-performance alternative to traditional filtration materials further supports customers in making sustainable choices.

“By focusing on washing machines, U.S. universities can join in stopping up to a third of microplastics from entering our waterways,” said Max Pennington, Co-Founder & CEO of CLEANR. “Our filtering technology makes the job almost as simple and easy as removing lint from a dryer for university communities and makes a measurable impact on microplastic emissions.”

According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, washing machine wastewater is the world’s largest source of microplastic pollution. CLEANR’s filter – based on its core VORTX technology – was recently certified by the prestigious Shaw Institute to remove over 90% of microplastics as small as 50 microns. www.cleanr.life

Rensa Filtration’s Advanced HEPA Filters Certified to Meet the UL 900 Safety Standards

Rensa Filtration, a leading manufacturer and distributor of consumable, mission-critical air filtration solutions, announced that its SuperFlo HEPA V-Bank and HEPA Deep Pleat filters have been evaluated by UL Solutions to meet the requirements of the UL 900 Standard for safety for Air Filter Units. The UL Mark underscores Rensa’s commitment to providing safe, high-quality filtration products and confirms that these filters have undergone rigorous third-party testing and verification by UL Solutions.

Brandon Ost, CEO and Founder of Rensa Filtration, said, “We’re excited that our

SuperFlo HEPA V-Bank and Deep Pleat filters now have UL 900 Classification. These filters are essential for critical industries like data centers, healthcare, and advanced manufacturing, where high-performance air filtration is critical. Our ongoing investment in our offering of HEPA filters helps us stay at the forefront of the air filtration industry.”

Rensa SuperFlo HEPA V-Bank and Deep Pleat filters are engineered to perform in adverse, critical, and sensitive conditions. These filters provide superior performance with high dust-loading capacity and low resistance to airflow, offering 99.97% and 99.99% efficiency at 0.3 microns. Constructed with a 40% lighter high-impact plastic frame and Rensa Filtration’s proven mini-pleat technology, they deliver superior filtration, resulting in enhanced performance, improved energy efficiency, and a lower total cost of ownership. www.rensafiltration.com

Ahlstrom ECO™, introduced in 2023, combines a proprietary lignin-based impregnation, replacing fossil-based resin with a renewable, bio-based cellulose filtration media. This innovation significantly reduces reliance on non-renewable resources while maintaining exceptional durability, mechanical strength, and filtration performance.

Designed for liquid and air filtration, Ahlstrom ECO™ is ideal for engine oil and engine air intake filtration, as well as for industrial filtration systems operating under challenging conditions. Delivering superior filtration performance helps optimize equipment protection while contributing to a lower environmental impact.

Ahlstrom estimates that the lignin-based impregnated filter media displays a lower carbon footprint than a standard fossil-based resin media. Additionally, the lignin-based impregnation significantly reduces 50–70% of formaldehyde emission during the curing process. This makes the filter media an industry-leading choice for manufacturers seeking to improve sustainability without compromising performance or reliability. A flame-retardant version is also available for air filtration applications requiring enhanced fire safety. www.ahlstrom.com

pThe CLEANR Premium Microplastic Filter removes 90%+ of microplastics down to 50 microns in size and can be installed in less than 15 minutes. CLEANR

p Rensa Filtration’s SuperFlo HEPA V-Bank and SuperFlo HEPA Deep Pleat Air Filters now have UL 900 Classification. Rensa Filtration

p Ahlstrom’s oil and fuel cellulose-based filter platform (in microfiber glass or 100% cellulose) is a fine fiber laminate with high capacity and fuel water separation on standard fuels and advanced composites for biodiesel and aggressive fuel water separation. Ahlstrom

NOTES TECH

Walmec North America’s Four-Stage Membrane Dryer

Walmec North America’s WNA AMD-035 Membrane dryer is a prime option when compressed air applications require Ultra-Clean and Ultra-Dry air.

According to Walmec North America, the WNA AMD-035 Membrane dryer has a four-stage pre-filtration that is critical to its longevity and function. It has a flow rating of 35 SCFM and maximum working pressures of 150 PSI.

The first and second-stage filters remove moisture, liquids, dust, rust, scale, and other contaminants to five microns. An automatic float drain under the second stage filter opens and expels all collected liquids whenever an ounce or more is present. It is fully automatic with no continuous air loss. The third and fourth stages remove any remaining particles down to .01 microns and absorb any remaining

JWC Launches Drumscreen Monster® Channel Rotary Screen for Enhanced Wastewater Treatment

American textile company Vidalia Mills based in Vidalia, Louisiana, has implemented a technologically advanced digital tracking system that asks the industry to reconsider how companies trace cotton products throughout the supply chain. This technology, unprecedented within textile manufacturing, guarantees full accountability for all the products Vidalia Mills creates.

The digital tracker, embedded into the cotton fibers themselves, enables Vidalia Mills to monitor the journey of their products from

moisture or oil vapors. The Membrane Dryer lowers humidity by venting it harmlessly into the surrounding atmosphere. A flexible input hose assembly eliminates the hazards of damage from vibrations in piped compressed air systems and allows the Membrane Dryer to be installed in any position.

The four-stage pre-filtration includes differential pressure gauges and comes complete with mounting brackets. The differential pressure gauges provide a visual indication of required maintenance which is easily done by installing the appropriate service kits. No need to remove the unit from the compressed air system.

www.walmecna.com

the initial stages of cotton cultivation to the final finished goods.

By integrating this advanced tracking system, Vidalia Mills aims to provide its customers with complete assurance regarding their cotton products’ origin, quality, and sustainability. Vidalia Mills’ digital tracking system is now available for all its cotton products, including its signature artisanal canvas and denim fabrics. Customers can access detailed information about the origin and journey of their clothing

by scanning a unique QR code on the garment’s label.

The digital tracking information will be readily available for each product, providing customers with a comprehensive understanding of the item’s journey from seed to shelf.

www.vidaliamills.com

ZwitterCo™ Introduces New FDA-Compliant Anti-Fouling Membranes for Whey Processing

ZwitterCo announced the availability of a new product line of sanitary superfiltration (SF) spiral membrane elements featuring its second-generation SF technology. These membranes are FDA-compliant for whey processing, including producing products such as whey protein concentrate (WPC) and whey protein isolate (WPI).

ZwitterCo, a leader in developing and commercializing organic

fouling-immune membrane technology based on the extreme hydrophilicity of zwitterions, has focused primarily on high-strength water and wastewater treatment to date. With this new sanitary product line, the company is now pursuing dairy and food processing.

“ZwitterCo’s anti-fouling membranes enable dairy processors to fully recover performance with a shorter, faster cleaning program that reduces chemicals, water, and energy requirements and saves time and money,” said Jon Goodman, ZwitterCo’s Vice President for Food Processing & Specialties. “ZwitterCo is developing anti-fouling membranes that are the next evolution of membrane technology for food and dairy processors.“ www.zwitterco.com

ZwitterCo membranes power efficient whey protein concentration. ZwitterCo

pThe AMD-035 Membrane Dryer. Walmec North America

Vidalia Mills

EMERGENCE

Compiled by Caryn Smith, IFN Chief Content Officer

International Filtration News Explores Trending Innovation

IFN highlights significant research from universities and institutions around the world. If you are a part of a project you would like to highlight, email csmith@inda.org. Please write “IFN Emerging Research Submission” in your subject line in order to apply. Please send a completed press release and/or summary of the research as you would want it to be printed, a link to the university online story (if applicable), and all high resolution photographs/charts/graphs, short researcher bio(s). All selections could be edited for length.

A

Clear Game-Changer: Curtin’s WaterRepellent Glass Breaks New Ground

Curtin University researchers have developed a new technique to make glass water-repellent, a feature that could improve safety in vehicles, reduce cleaning costs for buildings and enhance filtration systems.

The research, published in the prestigious journal Advanced Functional Materials, shows how an innovative and non-toxic process using ultrasonic sound waves can alter the surface of glass, making it either hydrophobic (water resistant) or electrically charged.

Lead researcher Associate Professor Nadim Darwiwsh, an ARC Future Fellow at Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences (MLS), explained that the process uses ultrasound to trigger a chemical reaction that permanently alters the surface of glass.

“The sound waves create microscopic bubbles in a diazonium salt solution, which then collapse rapidly creating tiny bursts of heat and pressure,” Associate Professor Darwish said.

“This triggers a reaction that forms a stable, organic layer to the glass, making it either permanently water-repellent or positively charged, depending on the type of diazonium salt used. Unlike conventional coatings that wear off over time, our method creates a chemical bond at the molecular level, making it far more durable and environmentally friendly.”

Study co-author Dr. Tiexin Li, a Research Associate at Curtin’s School of MLS, said the ability to modify glass surfaces in a simple and sustainable way has far-reaching implications across multiple industries.

“Glass is used everywhere – from cars and buildings to industrial filters – but its natural tendency to attract water limits its performance,” Dr. Li said.

“Unlike traditional coatings this film won’t peel off, dissolve in water or deteriorate so it’s ideal for real-world applications where reliability and durability are key. This could mean clearer

p Schematic of the ultrasonic fabrication of diazonium films on glass. Increased glass hydrophobicity was visually demonstrated by changes in wettability and the slipping of food coloring dyes. a) Glass was functionalized by reacting with 4-heptylbenzene diazonium (in acetonitrile) under ultrasonic conditions (400 W, 24 kHz). b) Sonochemical reaction of glass and silica-terminated silicon surfaces with acetonitrile solutions of bis-diazo. The surface functionalization reaction is accelerated in the presence of trace amounts of water, suggesting the involvement of H• and HO• radicals generated by cavitation. The longer lifetime of H• compared to HO• creates a reducing environment, where electrons lost by H• reduce diazonium groups to surface-reactive aryl radicals. c) Schematic representing the interaction of glass modified with bis-diazo and 4-heptylbenzene diazonium with microorganisms including microalgae (C. vulgaris), bacteria (E. coli), and yeast (S. cerevisiae). Curtin University

windshields in heavy rain, self-cleaning skyscraper windows and solar panels that stay dust-free.”

Co-author Zane Datson, also from Curtin’s School of MLS, highlighted another unexpected benefit–the ability of the modified glass to attract bacteria, fungi and algae.

“This is very exciting as we can tailor glass properties for specific uses including in advanced filtration systems and biofuel production,” Mr. Datson said.

“For example, the coated glass can help bind yeast in brewing, capture bacteria in wastewater filtration systems or act as a

chemical barrier to microorganisms in air filters.”

The research team is now seeking industry partners to test and scale up the technology, particularly in the automotive, construction and environmental sectors.

This research was supported by the Australian Research Council and highlights Curtin University’s leadership in materials science innovation. It was conducted in collaboration with The University of Queensland, Flinders University, The University of Western Australia and Charles Sturt University.

The full paper titled, ‘Sonochemical Functionalization of Glass,’ can be found online at the link below.

READ: https://www.curtin.edu.au/news/ media-release/a-clear-game-changer-curtinswater-repellent-glass-breaks-new-ground/ The full research: https://advanced.onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.202420485

DREXEL UNIVERSITY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Closing the Gaps –Coating Air Filters With MXene Nanomaterial Can Enhance Performance and Reusability

Despite improvements to air filtration technology in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the smallest particles — those of automobile and factory emissions — can still make their way through less efficient, but common

filters. An interdisciplinary team of researchers from Drexel University’s College of Engineering have introduced a new way to improve textilebased filters by coating them with a type of two-dimensional nanomaterial called MXene.

Recently featured in C–Journal of Carbon Research, the team’s research reports that a non-woven polyester textile — a low-cost material with low filtration efficiency — coated with a thin layer of MXene nanomaterial can turn it into a potent filter capable of pulling some of the finest nanoparticles from the air.

“It can be challenging for common filters to contend with particles less than 100 nanometers, which include those emitted by industrial processes and automobiles,” said Michael Waring, PhD, a professor in Drexel’s College of Engineering, and coauthor of the research. “Being able to augment a filter, through a simple coating process, to make it effective against these emissions is a significant development.”

The researchers report that a polyester textile coated with a titanium carbide MXene can reach approximately 90% filtration efficiency for particles as small as 15-30 nanometers — the size of viruses and the finest dust particles — meaning that it could be effective as an augmentation process to air filters located in urban or industrial environments.

MXenes, a family of nanomaterials discovered by Drexel researchers in 2011, have previously demonstrated proficiency in filtration applications, including water treatment, kidney dialysis, and hydrogen capture. The materials have also shown

p Yury Gogotsi, PhD, Distinguished University and Bach professor in the College of Engineering.

p Michael Waring, PhD, a professor in Drexel’s College of Engineering, and coauthor of the research.

that they can enhance filters that remove airborne viruses in medical settings.

“With increasing manufacturing volume and decreasing price, MXenes are finding an increasing number of applications,” said Yury Gogotsi, PhD, Distinguished University and Bach professor in the College of Engineering, who led the material’s development and was among the researchers who discovered MXenes and founded MXene, Inc., a company that now manufactures them. “Particularly in the fields that require large amounts of material.”

The latest discovery is a significant step in the exploration of the nanomaterials because it shows their capability to contend with some of the smallest particles in the air and that they can easily be integrated into a filter manufacturing process.

“Our ongoing research continues to reveal the potential of MXene coatings,” Gogotsi said. “The fact that this highly conductive nanomaterial is also hydrophilic means that it can be dispersed in water to produce a coating that can easily be applied to virtually any substrate, including air filters. We are just scratching the surface of its capabilities.”

In the processes of testing the MXenecoated filters, the team made an additional discovery, that pretreating the filters with magnesium salt assisted in the MXene coating process and improved the filter’s performance by 25% – to achieve a maximum efficiency of about 90% for virus-size nanoparticles, which many common filters don’t capture.

The addition of alkaline earth metal ions, such as magnesium, improved the MXene coating process. According to the

researchers, this sort of chemical preparation further activates the surface of the MXene, which helps the material spread uniformly across the filter, creating a thicker coating and more complex channels through the material, which all contribute to better filtration capability.

The researchers tested untreated; MXene-coated; and MXene-coated and magnesium ion-treated filters in a vacuum-sealed chamber containing aerosolized sodium chloride (rock salt), and measured removal for particles ranging from 5.6 to 560 nanometers. The filters that had been MXene-coated and magnesium ion-treated performed significantly better than the other two at capturing particles of all sizes in the range, down to 15 nanometers.

In addition to their ability to improve filtration, MXenes are also highly conductive – a trait the researchers theorized could be leveraged to enable the filters to clean themselves. They tested the idea by applying an electric current to the MXene-coated filter, which raised its temperature to 100 degrees Celsius – enough to carefully burn off some particles and debris on the filter and restore its original filtration quality.

“Studies like this are encouraging for real-world application of MXenes in air filtration,” said Prastuti Upadhyay, a Materials Science and Engineering undergraduate student in the College of Engineering, who was mentored by Drexel postdoctoral researcher Stefano Ippolito, PhD, and was the lead author of the paper. “But it should be noted that our air filters could still be improved by focusing on optimizing the MXene structure, pretreatment ions and the filter substrate. This leaves room for many exciting possibilities for this line of research.”

This research was funded by the Army Research Laboratory.

In addition to Upadhyay, Gogotsi and Waring, Bita Soltan Mohammadlou and Ippolito, from A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, participated in this research.

Read: https://drexel.edu/news/archive/2025/February/MXene-coated-air-filters

Full Paper: https://www.mdpi.com/23115629/11/1/13

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

New Water Purification Technology Helps Turn Seawater Into Drinking Water Without Tons of Chemicals

Cutting acid and base treatments from conventional desalination plants could save billions of dollars globally, making seawater a more affordable option for drinking water.

Water desalination plants could replace expensive chemicals with new carbon cloth electrodes that remove boron from seawater, an important step of turning seawater into safe drinking water. A study describing the new technology has been published in Nature Water by engineers at the University of Michigan and Rice University.

technology that’s fairly scalable and can remove boron in an energy-efficient way compared to some of the conventional technologies.”

Boron is a natural component of seawater that becomes a toxic contaminant in drinking water when it sneaks through conventional filters for removing salts. Seawater’s boron levels are around twice as high as the World Health Organization’s most lenient limits for safe drinking water, and five to 12 times higher than the tolerance of many agricultural plants.

“Most reverse osmosis membranes don’t remove very much boron, so desalination plants typically have to do some post treatment to get rid of the boron, which can be expensive,” said Jovan Kamcev, U-M assistant professor of chemical engineering and macromolecular science and engineering and a co-corresponding author of the study. “We developed a new

In seawater, boron exists as electrically neutral boric acid, so it passes through reverse osmosis membranes that typically remove salt by repelling electrically charged atoms and molecules called ions. To get around this problem, desalination plants normally add a base to their treated water, which causes boric acid to become negatively charged. Another stage of reverse osmosis removes the newly charged boron, and the base is neutralized afterward by adding acid. Those extra treatment steps can be costly.

“Our device reduces the chemical and energy demands of seawater desalination, significantly enhancing environmental sustainability and cutting costs by up to 15 percent, or around 20 cents per cubic meter of treated water,” said Weiyi Pan, a postdoctoral researcher at Rice University and a study co-first author.

Given that global desalination capacity totaled 95 million cubic meters per day in 2019, the new membranes could save around $6.9 billion annually. Large desalination plants – such as San Diego’s Claude “Bud” Lewis Carlsbad Desalination Plant – could save millions of dollars in a year.

p Jovan Kamcev

p When treated with acid, the carbon cloth fibers in the researchers’ electrodes gain oxygen-containing features that can trap boron. Jovan Kamcev, Kamcev Research Lab, University of Michigan

p Jovan Kamcev, an assistant professor of chemical engineering and macromolecular science and engineering at U-M, places a filter membrane between two electrodes, which measure how well the membrane conducts electricity. This helps his team predict how well it can purify water.

 This diagram shows how boron is removed by the researchers’ electrodes. First a majority of the salt ions are removed with reverse osmosis. Then the water flows into a cell containing a membrane with positive (pink) and negative (orange) layers. Similarly charged electrodes face the membrane layers, and when a current is applied, water molecules at the interface of the membranes split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. The hydroxide ions stick to boron, causing it to stick

the

electrode.

Kamcev, Kamcev Research Lab, University of Michigan, and Weiyi Pan, Elimelech Research Lab, Rice University

Those kinds of savings could help make seawater a more accessible source of drinking water and alleviate the growing water crisis. Freshwater supplies are expected to meet 40% of demand by 2030, according to a 2023 report from the Global Commission on the Economics of Water.

The new electrodes remove boron by trapping it inside pores studded with oxygen-containing structures. These structures specifically bind with boron while letting other ions in seawater pass through, maximizing the amount of boron they can capture.

But the boron-catching structures still need the boron to have a negative charge. Instead of adding a base, the charge is created by splitting water between two electrodes, creating positive hydrogen ions and negative hydroxide ions. The hydroxide attaches to boron, giving it a negative charge that makes it stick to the capture sites inside the pores in the positive electrode. Capturing boron with the electrodes also enables treatment plants to avoid spending more energy on another stage of reverse osmosis. Afterward, the

hydrogen and hydroxide ions recombine to yield neutral, boron-free water.

“Our study presents a versatile platform that leverages pH changes that could transform other contaminants, such as arsenic, into easily removable forms,” said Menachem Elimelech, the Nancy and Clint Carlson Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Rice University, and a cocorresponding author of the study.

“Additionally, the functional groups on the electrode can be adjusted to specifically bind with different contaminants, facilitating energy-efficient water treatment,” Elimelech said.

The research is funded by the National Alliance for Water Innovation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation. The electrodes were studied at the Michigan Center for Materials Characterization.

READ: https://news.umich.edu/new-water-purification-technology-helps-turn-seawater-into-drinkingwater-without-tons-of-chemicals/

STUDY: A highly selective and energy-efficient approach to boron removal overcomes the Achilles heel of seawater desalination (DOI: 10.1038/s44221024-00362-y)

p (From left) SNUs Department of Mechanical Engineering researcher Seongmin Jeong (co-first author), Korea Institute of Science and Technology researcher Jaeho Shin (co-first author), and SNU's Professor Seung Hwan Ko (corresponding author).

SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Filter-Free Microbubble Air Purification System

Professor Seung Hwan Ko’s Research Team at Seoul National University Develops Filter-Free Microbubble Air Purification System. It solves both fine dust and CO2 problems using water-based purification inspired by the human respiratory and circulatory systems.

Seoul National University College of Engineering announced that a research team led by Professor Seung Hwan Ko from the Department of Mechanical Engineering has developed an eco-friendly air purification system using microbubble filters instead of conventional solid filters.

Enclosed indoor environments cause air pollution due to reduced oxygen and carbon dioxide accumulation, as well as fine dust and volatile organic compounds. In this case, ventilation carries the risk of introducing external contaminants, requiring more advanced purification methods.

The filters used in conventional air purification systems are unsuitable for enclosed rooms because they deteriorate due to the accumulation of fine dust and struggle to remove molecular substances, such as volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, the waste generated from filters that require regular cleaning and replacement has contributed to environmental

 Kamcev inserts a carbon cloth electrode into a flow cell for water desalination.

to

positive

Jovan

pollution, highlighting the increasing demand for a new, eco-friendly air purification technology.

In response, the research team has developed a comprehensive air purification system inspired by the gas exchange principles of the human respiratory and circulatory systems. This innovative system not only removes indoor fine dust but also expels accumulated carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds outdoors while supplying fresh oxygen to address oxygen deficiencies.

The human circulatory and respiratory systems prevent the entry of external pollutants while supplying oxygen to cells via the bloodstream and expelling unnecessary carbon dioxide. This process involves natural gas exchange in the alveoli and capillaries, effectively blocking the infiltration of fine dust. Simultaneously, waste materials are excreted through the

p Figure 1. Conceptual configuration of an air filtration system simulating the human circulatory system/respiratory tract. Schematic representation of gas exchange and waste removal processes within the human body (left). Schematic of a circulating air filtration system with a similar structure to the human body (right). Seoul National University College of Engineering

p Figure 2. Actual configuration of an air filtration system simulating the human circulatory system/respiratory tract. (a) Schematic of a circulating air purification system consisting of water, a gas exchange unit, and a circulation pump. (b) Structure of the gas exchange unit and elastic micro-pore filter using microbubbles. (c) Actual appearance of the MEF and an optical‐microscope image showing the micro‐holes array within the MEF. (d) Photograph taken with an ultra-high-speed camera during actual microbubble generation.

Seoul National University College of Engineering

4. Animal test to identify and resolve the problem of indoor oxygen deprivation/carbon dioxide buildup due to breathing (top). Measured activity of rats with and without a circulating air purification system (bottom).

Seoul National University College of Engineering

 Figure 3. Evaluation of particulate matter and CO2 removal performance of human-simulated circulating air purification systems. Seoul National University College of Engineering

(a) Photograph of the particulate matter (PM) removal process in an enclosed space.

(b) Filter efficiency measurement results for different PM sizes.

(d) Photo of CO2 removal process in an enclosed space.

(f) Measurement of CO2 removal performance as a function of water circulation rate.

kidneys, ensuring the body’s efficient purification and detoxification mechanisms.

Inspired by this principle, the research team developed a water circulation system that mimics blood circulation. Through this innovation, they demonstrated the ability to maintain normal carbon dioxide levels in indoor air. Additionally, they proved that an elastic filter, developed using laser technology, can generate smaller and more uniform microbubbles compared to traditional bubble production methods.

The microbubble-based gas exchange system features a simple principle and structure, enabling easy scalability by increasing the size or number of devices. The research team experimentally demonstrated its applicability across a range of settings, from compact tabletop and vehicle-mounted units to larger spaces such as offices and conference rooms.

Professor Seung Hwan Ko said, “This environmentally friendly technology, which replaces traditional filters with a simple water-based mechanism, purifies both particulate and molecular pollutants without generating filter waste, providing a sustainable alternative to existing filtration systems.”

The results of the research, which was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the National Research Foundation of Korea, were published on October 10 2024 in Advanced Materials, an internationally renowned journal in the field of materials.

READ: https://en.snu.ac.kr/research/ highlights?md=v&bbsidx=151077

 Figure

LAM-X: Revolutionizing Filtration with Advanced Antimicrobial Nanofiber Technology

Bacterial contamination remains a critical concern across industries, particularly in hospitals, where infections pose significant risks to patient safety. LAM-X initially developed a safer, more effective, and environmentally friendly solution for patients. The result was the LAM-X Solution – an innovative antimicrobial nanomembrane that was successfully tested on hospitalized patients, reducing the infections rates. After that we have successfully adapted that nanomembrane to deal with bacterial contamination in other sectors such as water and air filtration. Existing filtration solutions in these fields often compromise environmental safety, damage equipment, or pose risks to consumers. The LAM-X Solution addresses these challenges head-on.

Patented Three-Step Technology

At the core of LAM-X’s breakthrough is a patented three-step process that delivers superior antimicrobial performance:

Trap: Optimized fiber sizing creates a dense nanofiber network capable of efficiently trapping microbes.

Prime: Embedded organic photosensitizers, activated by safe blue light (avoiding harmful UV exposure), prime the fibers for antimicrobial action.

Kill: Activated nanofibers interact with surrounding oxygen to eliminate microbes in their immediate vicinity, achieving 99.999% bacterial reduction while preventing biofilm formation.

Available in both biodegradable and synthetic versions, our nanofibers meet diverse industry requirements without compromising on environmental responsibility.

Why Partner with LAM-X

LAM-X delivers more than just a product–we provide solutions tailored to the evolving demands of the filtration market. Our approach centers on three key pillars: Innovation:

• Advanced polymer compositions designed for maximum microbial elimination.

• Embedded photosensitizers for continuous antimicrobial activity.

• Blue light activation ensures safe and efficient use.

Flexibility:

• A multidisciplinary team with deep expertise in antimicrobial technologies.

• Solutions adaptable to specific customer needs and complex challenges.

• Creative problem-solving to meet diverse industry applications.

Environmental Responsibility:

• Use of biodegradable polymers for sustainable solutions.

• Free from heavy metals (e.g., silver) and harmful chemicals like titanium dioxide.

• Effective against all viruses and bacteria, including resistant strains, without environmental compromise.

Let’s Build the Future of Filtration Together

LAM-X is committed to partnering with industry leaders to develop customized solutions that enhance safety, performance, and sustainability. Discover how our cutting-edge technology can elevate your filtration systems.

https://lamxnano.com/

By Philippe Wijns Principal, CleverSustainability

From Green Deal to Clean Industrial Deal in Europe

What’s Next for CSRD, ESRS, Regulations, and Sustainable Innovation in Filtration?

In February 2025, the European Commission introduced the European Clean Industrial Deal, a major new initiative that builds on the Green Deal by shifting focus toward sustainable industrial growth and competitiveness. Closely linked to the September 2024 Draghi Report on strengthening Europe’s global position, this strategy responds to the urgent need for more innovative, more resilient industrial policies. For sectors like filtration and nonwovens – at the crossroads of clean technology, environmental protection, and industrial manufacturing – it presents both significant challenges and exciting new opportunities for innovation and leadership.

Why did Europe shift from the Green Deal to the Clean Industrial Deal? Although the Green Deal implemented over 150 measures to reduce emissions and expedite the energy transition, it did not establish a solid industrial policy. The Clean Industrial Deal fills this gap by focusing on sustainable growth, industrial resilience, and competitiveness, especially in light of recent economic and geopolitical pressures such as inflation, energy insecurity, and shifting global trade dynamics. It is built on five key pillars: affordable clean energy, green public procurement, circular economy and resource efficiency, industrial finance and innovation, and regulatory simplification and skills development. The message is clear and forward-looking at its core: Sustainability is not a cost but a key driver of longterm competitiveness and industrial strength.

Philippe Wijns is Principal at CleverSustainability, and serves as a Filtration Expert and Sustainable Business Development Advisor. He is a Certified Expert in Sustainable Finance, Climate Finance, and Renewable Energy from the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management. He began with global leaders in the nonwovens industry before transitioning to the filtration sector, where he specialized in filtration technologies across a wide range of applications and markets – including industrial and automotive systems, HVAC, household appliances, medical and life sciences, as well as power storage solutions such as fuel cells, hydrogen systems, and battery separators.

Wijns recently founded CleverSustainability, a consultancy dedicated to sustainable business development to help companies develop and implement sustainability strategies, ensure compliance with the EU legal reporting requirements, and enhance their sustainable business growth, product portfolio and development, and market positioning.

The Clean Industrial Deal brings both relief and fresh opportunities for filtration companies operating in or trading with the EU. Many small and midsized firms will no longer be directly bound by heavy regulations like the CSRD (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive) or CSDDD (Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive). However, this does not mean that sustainability can be ignored.

Larger clients – especially OEMs in automotive, pharma, HVAC, and food processing – remain under reporting obligations. They will continue to demand detailed ESG data from their suppliers, including Scope 3 emissions, carbon footprint per product, lifecycle assessments, and material origin. For example, a HEPA filter supplier to a pharmaceutical cleanroom operator may be asked to prove how their product affects the client’s overall emissions or waste reduction targets. A nonwoven producer supplying cabin air filters for an automotive brand will likely be asked to document their media’s recyclability or carbon intensity – especially as many OEMs integrate these into their product-level environmental declarations.

Continuing voluntary ESG reporting is not only wise for reputation and customer trust but increasingly necessary for staying in supply chains. ESRS topics most relevant to the filtration industry include: ESRS E1 – Climate Change, which requires reporting on greenhouse gas emissions (including Scope 3), energy use, and transition plans, highly relevant to filter production processes and product design; ESRS E2 – Pollution, which covers air, water, and soil pollution and links directly to the role filters play in capturing pollutants and how production processes manage emissions and waste; ESRS E5 – Resource Use and Circular Economy, crucial for filtration as it addresses the use of virgin vs. recycled materials, product durability, repairability, modularity, and recyclability; ESRS S2 – Workers in the Value Chain, with growing importance on responsible sourcing and working conditions in raw material supply chains, such as those involving polymers or activated carbon; and ESRS G1 – Business Conduct, which includes ethics, compliance, and sourcing practices, especially important for companies importing filter components or chemicals from outside the EU.

Filtration companies that design biodegradable filters, use renewable or traceable raw materials, or integrate innovative features for monitoring usage and replacement can apply for these funds and receive preferential treatment in public tenders. For instance, a filtration company developing a sensor-equipped HVAC filter that alerts users when it needs replacing – made from compostable nonwovens – would be well aligned with EU funding priorities and evolving customer expectations. In short, even with relaxed regulations for smaller players, the market pressure to become greener, smarter, and more transparent is only increasing.

The Clean Industrial Deal also makes the circular economy more critical in the EU. A new law will push companies to create products that are easier to recycle and better designed for the environment. For filtration companies, this means using one type of material (mono-material), making filters with parts that can be reused or replaced, and using biodegradable materials. Filters used in buildings, vehicles, and cleanrooms must meet these new expectations. Some companies are already working on compostable filters, reusable frames, and smart filters. These changes help reduce waste, lower costs, and support Europe’s resource-saving goals.

Buyers – both public and private – are becoming more selective. Public procurement now favors low carbon, locally made products and sustainable supply chains, giving an edge to filtration companies producing in Europe with certified materials. Private buyers like car and pharma companies also ask for carbon footprint data, energy use, and recyclability. Suppliers who support their clients’ climate goals are more likely to win business – even at a higher price.

Competitive differentiation means using sustainability to stand out–not just to comply with rules. Filtration companies can gain an edge by developing eco-friendly products, adding smart monitoring features, sharing precise ESG data, and helping customers reach their net-zero goals. This turns them into valuable long-term partners, not just suppliers.

Filtration companies should act now to make the most of the Clean Industrial Deal. First, check if the new CSRD rules apply to you. Even if not, continue voluntary ESG reporting to show you’re a reliable partner. Invest in innovation using recyclable materials and energy-saving designs and explore EU funding options. Review your operations to find ways to save energy and reduce waste. Train your team in eco-design and digital tools. Finally, get

involved in industry groups like EDANA or Inda to help shape future rules.

Digital tools and AI are creating new opportunities for filtration companies. Smart factories can now use real-time monitoring to track energy use, material waste, and machine efficiency, helping to reduce costs and improve ESG performance. AI is also being used in eco-design and engineering, making it easier to design filters that use fewer resources, last longer, and are easier to recycle. These technologies support better planning, reporting, and innovation. EU funding is available to help companies adopt these tools. Digital Product Passports (DPPs), coming soon, will show how products are made, used, and recycled–boosting transparency and customer trust. Companies that advance in digitalization and AI will gain a strong market advantage.

For global filtration companies active in Europe and non-European companies looking to enter or manufacture in the EU, the Clean Industrial Deal sends a clear signal: Aligning with EU sustainability goals is not just expected; it’s a smart business move. While the regulatory pressure is easing, expectations from European customers, public buyers, and investors remain high. Companies offering low-carbon, recyclable, and responsibly sourced filtration solutions will have a strong advantage. Foreign firms setting up in Europe can benefit from funding, access to skilled workers, and participation in a growing clean-tech market. By meeting EU standards early and embracing digital tools and eco-design, global players can strengthen their position and become trusted partners in Europe’s clean industrial future.

Aligning with EU sustainability goals is not just expected; it’s a smart business move.

URBAN Greening

Filter Media at the Roots of a Natural Skyline

By Adrian Wilson, International Correspondent,

IFN

Many landmark buildings around the world are now beautified by green roofing structures, which are heavily reliant on nonwoven-based filtration, separation, growth nurturing, and drainage systems.

Beyond simple aesthetics, the installation of grass, plants, and even trees on a building’s roof works to absorb rainwater and release it slowly back into the atmosphere through evaporation or, if there’s too much build-up, allow the water to trickle slowly into drainage systems to ensure they don’t become overwhelmed.

There are other benefits, too, including insulation and cooling properties for buildings and the promotion of biodiversity in built-up areas.

This has seen green roofs become important elements in many countries. In addition to being highly visible, they also very effectively provide a distinctive image to buildings and development projects.

One leader in the installation of these systems is Optigrün, based in Krauchenwies-Göggingen in southern Germany. Together with around 140 partner companies in its network, Optigrün is involved in over 10,000 green roof and rainwater management projects annually, equating to over five million square meters of substrate materials laid and subsequently cultivated.

St. Pauli’s Bunker

A flagship Optigrün project is the roof of the converted World War 2 bunker that has dominated the landscape of the St. Pauli district of Hamburg in Germany for over eighty years. Built on the orders of Adolf Hitler to provide shelter for up to 25,000 people

in response to the bombing of the city, it has now been converted into a five-story leisure center that comprises restaurants, event spaces, and a hotel, with 7,600 square meters of roof-top gardens across its different levels. A 560-metre walkway encircles the exterior of the building, and the freely accessible roof gardens consist of almost 23,000 plants maintained by a highly sophisticated rainwater management system.

The plants provide relief for the entire building, acting as a natural air conditioning system by insulating it in winter and protecting against heat in summer, which saves money on energy costs. In addition, with assistance from appropriate backing materials, the plants filter fine dust from the air and significantly reduce sound reflection due to their mass.

Protecting the roof surface from extreme temperature fluctuations and mechanical damage can also almost double the roof’s service life, according to Optigrün.

Heat Islands

In a recent interview with Deutsche Bank, which has backed the company for many years, Optigrün CEO Uwe Harzmann explained that sealed surfaces in Hamburg’s city center often turn into heat islands, especially in the summer months.

“The city heats up and causes air temperatures to rise sharply, and the hot air then rises rapidly, dragging moist air from the surrounding area with it,” he said. “In higher air layers, this moist air cools down quickly, leading to sudden and heavy

downpours. These water masses overload the sewer system and frequently result in flooding.”

In response to this problem, the St. Pauli Bunker is equipped with retention roofs, which act as sponges, absorbing a large part of the precipitation and preventing rainwater from running directly into the sewers.

Containers under the nonwoven substrates collect the water, filtering only as much as necessary. If imminent rain were to overload the roof, the water would be drained into underground storage tanks or the sewer system. Meanwhile, sensors collect data and monitor factors such as heat storage and evaporation processes to supply a personalized weather forecast for the building.

Enka Drain

In May 2020, Freudenberg, a leading nonwovens manufacturer headquartered in Weinheim, Germany, acquired Low and Bonar, a London, UK-based company. This merger brought together two of the leading companies with extensive experience in green roofing and a wide portfolio of substrates.

For foundational layers, for example, Freudenberg’s EnkaDrain consists of a durable synthetic drainage core of fused, entangled filaments and a nonwoven fabric thermally bonded to one side. For maximum strength and continuous flow even under high loads, the entangled filaments are molded into a square waffle pattern or a U-groove configuration. The filter fabric is a spunlaid nonwoven with excellent filtering performance through its uniform open structure. It is dimensionally and thermally stable and exhibits high tensile strength per unit weight. It is also thin and flexible yet possesses excellent tear and puncture resistance. For seamless installation, the nonwoven fabric overlaps the drainage core along one edge of the roll.

EnkaRetain&Drain

As an all-in-one drainage and water retention layer meanwhile, EnkaRetain&Drain combines EnkaDrain with a highly absorbent lightweight water-retention fabric.

p The St. Pauli Bunker in Hamburg. Deutsche Bank

 The Bosco Verticale in Milan. Jalana K on Unsplash

This fabric is made of recycled synthetic fibers and holds more than 7.5 times its weight in water. The geocomposite comes in a convenient roll format and is water-vapor permeable.

EnkaDrain does not need aggregate, reducing the total roof weight. The matting is installed with the nonwoven filter layer uppermost.

The fabric of EnkaRetain&Drain absorbs water for continuous hydration of plant roots. It is in direct contact with the growing medium and, therefore, readily accessible by the plants. At the same time, excess water passes through the drainage core below.

New York

Through its Xeroflor subsidiary, Low and Bonar was involved in many green roofing projects even before becoming part of Freudenberg.

These include two New York landmarks – the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in Manhattan and, most iconic of all, the Empire State Building.

Xeroflor systems are employed to stunning effect on the 6.75-acre green roof of the Javits Center, one of the largest in the USA and a wildlife sanctuary for dozens of local and migratory bird species, several bat species, and thousands of insects.

Research published by Drexel University and Cooper Union has demonstrated

 The 6.75-acre

 A typical five-layer Xeroflor construction. Freudenberg

that over a year, the roof retains more than 75% of the rain that hits it, which mitigates nearly seven million gallons of stormwater runoff annually.

First installed in 2014, the center was expanded in 2021, resulting in the creation of a one-acre roof-top working farm and a 10,000-square-foot orchard of apple and pear trees. The expansion was built to hold at least one million pounds of soil in an 18-inch-deep bed.

Lightweight Xeroflor green roof systems were also installed on the 21st, 25th, and 30th floors of the Empire State Building as part of a $550 million ‘green’ retrofit, reducing its energy consumption by some 38% annually.

Low Maintenance

Xeroflor’s lightweight, nonwoven green roof systems range from weights of only eight to 12 pounds per square foot to applications of 31 pounds per square foot. Extensive green roofs generally use low-

p The Empire State Building’s $550 million ‘green’ retrofit has reduced its energy consumption by 38% annually. Adrian Wilson

green roof of Manhattan’s Javits Center. Javits Center

maintenance vegetation such as sedums or short grasses and, are less than six inches deep and are typically two to four inches in depth. Their light weight makes them ideal for retrofit projects on older buildings or any structure with limits on the total weight load. Generally, extensive green roofs require minimal maintenance and can thrive in most temperate climate zones.

A typical five-layer Xeroflor construction consists of a pre-vegetated sedum mat on top of the growing medium, water retention layers, drainage mats, and root barriers.

This layered system is placed above the conventional roofing membranes.

Bosco Verticale

Freudenberg also supplied glass-fiber reinforced polyester nonwovens made from recycled PET bottles for the landmark twin towers of the Bosco Verticale in Milan, Italy, with its 900 trees and over 2,000 plants.

These materials are employed in green roof structures not only as drainage and storage layers of filter media and carriers for bituminous membranes, but, in many cases, as the nutrient substrate.

For projects such as the Bosco Verticale, materials supplied by Freudenberg were a natural extension of the company’s long experience in the fields of both roofing membranes and geotextiles, for which Freudenberg now recycles around seven million PET bottles a day at its European facilities in France and Italy.

Combining the flexibility of polyester with the stability of glass creates excellent runnability, particularly at higher temperatures and for use in bitumen production lines. In addition, the bitumen membrane creates excellent long-term dimensional stability and endurance. The use of glass reinforcement also eliminates the phenomenon of thermal memory –once installed on a roof, the membrane will no longer shrink when temperatures fluctuate.

Bitumen roof membranes last more than 20 years on average; then, the damaged roofs are completely replaced, or the damaged points repaired. This is an important advantage of this technology

compared to other sealing systems, particularly in maintenance work. Manufacturers can also recycle waste from bitumen roof membranes by grinding them into a powder, which can then be used as a raw material, further improving the product’s sustainability.

M-Trays

Of course, not all buildings are quite as grand as those mentioned so far, but greening the roofs of standard houses can still be beneficial and economical through products such as the M-Tray, developed by Wallbarn, based in South Croydon, UK.

Such modular green roof systems consist simply of an initial nonwoven separation and filtration layer on top of which are placed trays pre-planted with a diverse selection of fully established flowering sedum.

Engineered to seamlessly click together and create a continuous, lush green sur-

face, M-Trays are designed with carefully spaced drainage holes to optimize water retention, allowing plants to absorb more rainfall effectively. This enhances the growth and health of the vegetation and contributes to the attenuation of stormwater, reducing runoff.

Wallbarn says that the initial investment in the MTray system can yield long-term savings through reduced energy costs and extended roof lifespan. One of its most significant advantages is its ability to provide immediate green coverage upon installation.

The pre-grown modules are delivered with a minimum of 90% vegetative cover, ensuring that a lush, verdant surface is created as soon as the modules click together. This instant aesthetic appeal is in stark contrast to traditional green roof systems, which may take months or even years to establish a fully covered and visually appealing green space.

Adrian Wilson is an international correspondent for International Filtration News . He is a leading journalist covering fiber, filtration, nonwovens and technical textiles. He can be reached at adawilson@gmail.com.

p Products like Wallbarn’s M-Tray enable instant green roofs on more modest properties. Wallbarn

p A green roof section showing the layers of a green roof. This section shows an optional irrigation system. Green Roofs For Healthy Cities

Bio-Electrostatic Options

Can Biopolymers Power the Future of Air Filtration?

By Yasar Kiyak, PhD

Passive electrostatic filtration media mainly rely on fossilbased polymeric electret fibers, which have refined through decades of research. However, the increased use of fossil-based materials is contributing to higher carbon emissions, global warming, and climate changes. The growing concern over the environmental impact of non-biodegradable plastics arises from the fact that most end up in landfills or oceans, while only a small portion is ever recycled. So, these pressing environmental issues have intensified a push for renewable energy and sustainable resources. To replace traditional fossil fuel-based insulation materials, biobased, biodegradable, and compostable alternatives must

achieve or closely match the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of their synthetic counterparts.

Importance of Electrostatic Filtration Media

Electrostatic fibers offer two major benefits:

1. Higher efficiency at the same resistance to airflow – They provide superior filtration without increasing pressure drop.

2. Enhanced submicron particle capture – Electrostatic forces are particularly effective for particles below 1 micron, as illustrated in Figure 1.

Table 1 summarizes how some important filtration parameters effect key fil-

tration mechanisms, revealing that while a reduction in fiber diameter enhances efficiency across all four mechanisms, a decrease in filtration velocity produces more nuanced effects: diffusion and electrostatic attraction increase, interception remains unchanged, and impaction declines1, 2, 3. Understanding these interactions is critical for optimizing filter design, particularly because their combined effects typically result in a most penetrating particle size (MPPS) between 100–300 nm, representing the most challenging particles to capture efficiently.

Approach

To evaluate the potential of biopolymers for electrostatic fiber applications, their electrical, mechanical, thermal, and

Charged vs. Uncharged Media

structural properties must be examined, as electret performance depends on both intrinsic polymer characteristics and fiber manufacturing conditions (Figure 2).

Key considerations include:

• Dielectric constant (affecting charge storage),

• Dielectric tangent loss/dissipation factor (representing charge retaining)

Additionally, polymer polarity is important in determining how materials interact with electric fields, while volume resistivity measures the material’s resistance to electrical flow. Other factors such as hydrogen bonding, surface energy, and hydrophobicity also play significant roles in determining the material’s adaptability in electrostatic filtration applications.

Dielectric Properties

Dielectric materials are electrical insulators with a permanent dipole moment, allowing them to store energy through polarization. Most polymers function as dielectrics, accumulating charge when polarized.

The dielectric constant (ε) indicates a material’s ability to store electrical energy, defined as the ratio of charge storage in the material to that in air or vacuum. Measured via ASTM D150, it uses parallel plate capacitance to evaluate energy storage performance. Several factors

influence dielectric measurements, including frequency, temperature, and relative humidity. While rigid materials like films facilitate straightforward testing, fibrous materials present measurement challenges due to air interference between fibers4, 5, 6, 7. According to the literature, biopolymers such as PLA, PHA, and PHB exhibit higher dielectric constants than polypropylene (PP).

• The dielectric constant value holds particular importance across multiple applications. Polymers with low dielectric constants are especially valuable for:

• Electrostatic filter media

• High-frequency circuit design

• Power transmission systems

• High-speed network infrastructure

The dissipation factor (tan δ) serves as a critical indicator of energy loss in electrical insulation and capacitor dielectrics,

significantly affecting both performance and operational lifespan. Maintaining a low dissipation factor is critical for preserving insulation integrity, as it minimizes undesirable energy dissipation.

Key factors influencing the dissipation factor include:

• Moisture absorption, which elevates the dissipation factor and consequently degrades insulation properties

• Material composition, where higher dielectric constants typically correlate with increased dissipation

• Contaminant removal, as extracting oils or impurities can improve insulation efficiency by reducing energy loss

Understanding and controlling the dissipation factor is crucial for optimizing the charge retention performance of electrostatic articles1, 3, 6. While dissipation factors vary widely, biopolymers such as PLA and PHB typically exhibit higher dissipation factors than polypropylene (PP).

Another key factor to consider is electrical resistivity. Although polymers are generally showing insulating behavior, they can still exhibit a conduction under a DC field. A material with a volume resistivity above 10⁹ Ω·m is considered a good insulator, with resistivity being inversely proportional to the dielectric constant. Even trace impurities can significantly alter electrical resistance. Several factors influence resistivity, including:

• The type and concentration of additives

• Moisture content

• Material degradation due to prolonged use.

Note that while volume resistivity is essential for assessing bulk insulating properties, surface resistivity is expected

p Figure 1: Effect of charging on the filtration efficiency. Yasar Kiyak, PhD

p Table 1: Effects of various parameters on different filtration mechanisms. Yasar Kiyak, PhD

to play a more critical role in electret fibers8, 9. Various resistance values have been reported in the literature, with PLA and PHB exhibiting values comparable to those of polypropylene (PP).

Structural Properties

Nonpolar plastics exhibit a low dielectric constant and high resistivity, primarily due to their symmetrical molecular structures and minimal polarity. The extent of their polarity depends on the electronegativity differences between constituent atoms. Common examples include:

• PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

• PE (Polyethylene)

• PP (Polypropylene)

• PS (Polystyrene)

These materials generally demonstrate high resistivity, low dielectric constants, and balanced dipole arrangements (e.g., PTFE’s alternating – CF₂– groups). Polarity is assessed in Debye units (D) via dipole moment calculations. Key factors influencing polarity include:

• Electronegativity differences between atoms

• Molecular geometry (e.g., symmetry)

• Polar bonds (e.g., C=O, O-H)

• Conformational defects (e.g., helical distortions in polymer chains)

In bioplastics, materials with hydrocarbon chains or weakly polar functional groups tend to display lower polarity. For instance:

• PLA (Polylactic Acid) is relatively low in polarity compared to other biopolymers, owing to its hydrocarbon backbone – though its ester groups introduce slight polarity.

• PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoates) exhibits moderate polarity due to its ester functionalities.

Another property to consider is hydrogen bonding forming between hydroxyl (-OH) groups, such as those in cellulose, and can significantly influence a material’s dielectric behavior. Increased hydrogen bonding enhances polarization, leading to a higher dissipation factor in certain polymers.

Key Examples:

• Polyamide (Nylon 6): Contains amide groups (–NH–(C=O)–), with one amide per six carbon atoms. These groups attract and retain water molecules, resulting in moisture regain and altered dielectric properties.

• Polylactic Acid (PLA): Features polar carbonyl (C=O) groups, where the electronegative oxygen facilitates hydrogen bonding with water, affecting its dielectric response.

• Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB): Also contains carbonyl groups that enable hydrogen bonding with water, further influencing dielectric performance.

Semi-Crystalline structure

• Crystalline regions have tightly packed polymer chains, restricting water penetration and hydrogen bond formation.

• Amorphous regions are less densely packed, allowing water molecules to interact more freely and form hydrogen bonds.

This crystalline structure plays a critical role in determining a polymer’s overall dielectric behavior, particularly in hygroscopic environments10, 11, 12 .

In electret fiber applications, hydrophobicity proved to be particularly advantageous. When water contacts these fibers, potential hydrogen bond formation can enhance electrical conductivity. However, for optimal electrostatic performance, fibers exhibiting:

• Low surface energy

• High hydrophobicity

• Large contact angles are preferred, as these properties collectively help preserve crucial insulating characteristics. The combination of these attributes makes such materials exceptionally suitable for electrostatic filtration applications where maintaining insulation integrity is critical.

Thermal Properties

For electrostatic fiber applications, two key thermal transitions – glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) – define performance limits. Tg marks the onset of mechanical rigidity; below this point, the polymer remains structurally stable with reduced dielectric losses due to restricted molecular mobility. Tm is the upper thermal boundary; exceeding it leads to crystalline collapse, loss of dimensional and dielectric stability, and potential material failure. Operating within these thermal limits is essential to maintain both mechanical and electret performance.

PLA and PHB exhibit distinct thermal properties compared to polypropylene (PP), a common material in electret filtration. PP has a low Tg (~−10 to 0 °C) and a Tm around 160–165 °C, allowing for flexible handling and stable processing. PLA features a higher Tg (~55–65 °C) and Tm (~150–170 °C), offering better heat resistance but increased brittleness. PHB has a Tg of ~5–10 °C and a Tm of ~170–180 °C, with moderate crystallinity but limited thermal processing stability

p Figure 2: Structure process-property relationships. Yasar Kiyak, PhD

due to degradation near its melting point. These thermal characteristics are key considerations for electret media performance and manufacturability. The careful selection of polymers with appropriate Tg and Tm values ensures reliable filter performance within specified thermal operating windows, balancing mechanical stability with optimal dielectric characteristics8.

Summary and Discussion

This study explores the potential of biobased polymers – polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) – as sustainable alternatives to conventional hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons in electrostatic air filtration applications. Despite exhibiting higher dielectric constants and dielectric losses compared to polyolefins, both PLA and PHB demonstrate properties suitable for electret fiber applications. PLA, in particular, presents a favorable balance of thermal, mechanical, and dielectric characteristics, whereas PHB shows promise but requires further enhancement in thermal stability to meet industrial performance standards. The structural attributes of filtration media – especially polymer density and fiber network geometry – play a critical role in determining electret filter media performance. For a fixed basis weight and fiber diameter, polypropylene (PP), owing to its lower density, offers greater surface area, thereby improving charge storage capacity. When matching solid volume fractions, PP-based media achieve higher

thickness, contributing to enhanced dust holding capacity. Furthermore, if surface areas are equalized at the same basis weight, PLA’s higher density and finer effective fiber diameter result in smaller pore size, leading to increased airflow resistance. These structural differences continue to position PP as advantageous in terms of filter media effectiveness.

A key finding of this investigation is that electret behavior is highly sensitive to the charging method. Fibers optimized for one charging mechanism may exhibit suboptimal performance when subjected to another, and the effectiveness of charge-enhancing additives varies accordingly. This highlights the necessity for further research into the relationships between polymer chemistry, processing conditions, and electret charging mechanisms – ideally supported by advanced simulations and modeling.

In conclusion, while fluorinated and hydrocarbon-based polymers currently dominate the electret filtration space due to their superior dielectric performance, PLA and PHB are the most viable bio-based alternatives identified to date. With appropriate extrusion process control, PLA offers a near-term sustainable option for electret media. PHB, although promising, requires additional material engineering to improve its thermal properties for broader applicability. These findings contribute to the ongoing development of environmentally responsible filtration technologies without sacrificing functional performance.

Yasar Kiyak, PhD, PMP, CAFS (Certified Air Filter Specialist), is the R&D Manager at Gessner Filtration, a MATIV Brand, and a USPTO registered patent agent. He holds bachelor’s and master’s degrees in Textile Engineering from Istanbul Technical University, and a PhD in Fiber and Polymer Science from NC State University. During his graduate studies, Yasar specialized in nonwovens for filtration applications. Dr. Kiyak is an innovator with a strong background in the fiber and filtration industries.

1. V. J. G.-L. O. &. H. L. Hegde, “Overview on thermal and electrical properties of biodegradable polymers,” in IEEE 11th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM), 2015.

2. T. D and A. B.-M. N. &. A.-C. J. C. Charvet, Aerosol Filtration, Elsevier, 2016.

3. 25 8 2024. [Online]. Available: https:// members.tm.net/lapointe/Plastics. htm.

4. H. S. Nalwa, Handbook of Low and High Dielectric Constant Materials and Their applications, Academic press, 1999.

5. V. Hedge, Dielectric Study of Biodegradable and/or Bio-based Polymeric Materials, Universite Grenoble Alpes, 2017.

6. J. Hearle and W. Morton, Physical Properties of Textile Fibres, UK: Elsevier Science, 2008.

7. D. V. Krevelen and K. T. Nijenhuis, Properties of Polymers: Their Correlation with Chemical Structure; their numerical estimation and prediction from additive group contributions, Elsevier, 2009.

8. L. Warnakulasooriya, Bio-polymeric materials for electrical insulation applications, Canada: University of Manitoba, 2022.

9. J. F. &. A. W. Shackelford, CRC materials science and engineering handbook, CRC press, 2000.

10. 3M, 8 8 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/ bonding-and-assembly-us/resources/ science-of-adhesion/categorizingsurface-energy/# .

11. M. A. C. A. M. G. A. H. K. M. M. &. V. H. Barletta, “Poly (butylene succinate) (PBS): Materials, processing, and industrial applications,” Progress in Polymer Science, no. 132, p. 101579.

12. X. a. M. K. Rong, ”A study of PLA printability with flexography,” in 9th Annual Technical Association of Graphic Arts Technical Conference Proceedings, Pittsburgh, 2007.

Harvest From Natural Materials

Trends in Sourcing for Filter Media Applications

By Jason Chen, International Correspondent, IFN

In recent years, natural materials, such as silk, wood, and cotton, have held great attraction from the filtration industry due to their superior sustainability and low carbon footprint features –they reduce our reliance on oil and petrochemicals and put less pressure on the environment, by the global trend of sustainability and low carbon footprint. In addition, their unique structures and properties also make them ideal choices for certain filtration application scenarios and fields – in some cases, they could outperform their petrochemical counterparts with higher efficiency, less energy consumption, or other benefits due to their advantages in mechanical properties, stability, and compatibility, among many others.

In this article, we will examine recent trends in filter media materials developed by taking advantage of natural materials’ unique features. These materials include plant and animal materials such as silk and wood, as well as regenerated materials such as chitosan and cellulose, which

interlayer, sandwiched by a porous substrate and a selective layer, e.g., a polyamide nanofilm acting as a rejection layer. This membrane filters water nearly 10 times faster than most commercially available nanofiltration membranes, while offering close to 80% reduction in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. HKU says this technology “could revolutionize the water purification or treatment process.”

are, of course, made from plant and animal materials such as cotton and shellfish.

Mechanical Strength, Compatibility, Functional Groups

Recently, the University of Hong Kong (HKU) announced that their research team, led by Prof. Tang Chuyang, had developed a nanofiltration membrane incorporating a silk nanomaterial

In fact, this membrane’s performance is partially built on silk materials’ distinguished advantages:

The silk nanomaterials are strong enough to facilitate the formation and improve the stability of the polyamide rejection layer and the whole membrane. Silk is one of the strongest natural fiber and consists of two main proteins, fibroin and sericin. Fibroin is the silk’s

iStockphoto/StandbildCA

iStockphoto/shcherbak volodymyr

iStockphoto/SabrinaGordon

University of Hong Kong has developed a nanofiltration membrane incorporating a silk nanomaterial interlayer. This membrane filters water nearly 10 times faster than most commercially available nanofiltration membranes, while offering close to 80% reduction in energy consumption.

structural center, while sericin is the gluelike sticky material surrounding fibroin. Sericin is removed from raw silk to form degummed silk, which is then hydrolyzed to be broken into silk nanomaterials, which inherit and even improve the good mechanical properties of natural silk.

In HKU’s invention, the pore sizes of the membrane’s microfiltration substrate are much larger than those of a conventional substrate. This requires a strong material to support the polyamide rejection layer over a large distance, and silk nanomaterials do a good job of meeting this requirement.

At the same time, silk nanomaterials are also compatible with polyamide, the polymer used to make the rejection layer. Silk nanomaterials and polyamide both have amide functional groups, which provide good compatibility between the two layers and maintain good stability and selectivity.

In addition, silk nanomaterials have abundant surface charges, which can form strong electrostatic forces with charged polymers or other particles.

All the above advantages form a silk nanomaterial layer that allows for fast water transport and a nanofiltration membrane with improved water permeance.

In other applications, silk materials are also used in filter media for their biocompatibility. Sericin could result in allergy and immune rejection responses, but degummed silk materials that completely remove sericin have excellent cytocompatibility and biocompatibility with other commonly used biomaterials. Therefore, degummed silk materials are often used for medical filtration purposes, such as making a rejection layer or incorporating a rejection layer in a dialysis filter media.

Other research focuses on improving silk nanofibers’ properties to expand their

usage. For example, although the existence of sericin do negatively affect the forming process of silk nanofibers, keeping a small amount of sericin under a certain level could significantly increase the nanofibers’ mechanical properties and stability in water filtration applications while still

maintaining acceptable fiber-forming results, according to recent research from China’s Anhui Polytechnic University.

The above research has led to some good results in filtration applications. For example, HKU’s nanofiltration membrane has shown improved water permeance and a high rejection rate against target ions, such as divalent ions and multivalent ions, in gravity- and vacuum-driven water filtration systems that incorporate single or multiple nanofiltration membranes for treating seawater, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater. Unlike most

 Prototype of vacuum-driven nanofiltration showing the efficient purification of dyed water.

Mr. Bowen Gan, HKU

p Structure of silk-based nanofiltration membrane and schematic diagrams of the corresponding filtration process. Mr. Bowen Gan, HKU

commercially available nanofiltration membranes, which operate under a high pressure of up to 10 bar, HKU’s new product achieves water purification at much lower pressure, for example, at smaller than one bar by using a partial vacuum.

Structure

The above developments take advantage of natural materials’ mechanical and chemical features. On the other hand, some other researchers focus on natural materials’ intrinsic structure. Some noticeable examples are from wood membranes.

Wood consists of four major layers: outer bark, phloem, cambium, and xylem

China’s Qingdao University developed a chitosan fiberbased composite for medical filtration applications, made by electrospinning a skinny layer of chitosan and polyethylene oxide (PEO) composite nanofiber membrane on the surface of a 100% spun lace chitosan nonwoven fabric.

(sapwood and heartwood). Xylem is often used to make filtration membranes. In hardwood, the xylem consists of a vessel, tracheid, wood fiber, xylem ray, and xylem parenchyma cell, and the vessel is used to deliver water and inorganic salt; but in softwood, there is no vessel, and the tracheid is used for the same purpose. There are pits on the cell walls of vessel and tracheid. These pits have many nanometer pores, which allows water and small impurities to pass through, while holding back large particles such as bacteria. Therefore, in softwood, the water and inorganic salt are in fact transported through the nanopores in the cell walls of tracheid, which block bacteria and other large impurities and deliver cleaner water, and thus form an excellent natural filtration membrane – research shows that natural softwood membranes could remove 99.9% of the bacteria from an inactivated Escherichia coli (E. coli) solution.

Currently, research and development on wood membranes mostly focus on modifying them to meet the needs of diversified filtration applications. Examples include delignification, metal modification, etherification, esterification, carbonization, and incorporating activated carbon.

Delignification is a process that removes lignin and sometimes partial hemicellulose from the cell walls of vessels and trachea. These cell walls consist of three main materials: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Removing the lignin or partial hemicellulose could increase the number of nanopores, thus improving the filtration efficiency.

Metal modification is a process of modifying wood membranes with metal nanoparticles or metal-organic framework, which can utilize metals’ antibacterial activities and other advantages in water filtration.

Research in Africa in 2019 showed that a gravity-driven water filtration system using wood membranes made from four indigenous species, with activated carbon incorporated, could remove 99.9% of E.coli from water. This research encouraged several subsequent studies and showed the potential of making simple and lowcost water filtration systems for poor populations in Africa and other regions.

Antibacterial Activity

Natural materials are also used in filter media for their antibacterial activity. For example, China’s Qingdao University developed a chitosan fiberbased composite for medical filtration

applications. The material is made by electrospinning a skinny layer of chitosan and polyethylene oxide (PEO) composite nanofiber membrane on the surface of a 100% spun lace chitosan nonwoven fabric.

This composite exhibits good air filtration performance (99.56% filtration efficiency against 300-nanometer sodium chloride aerosol particles) and excellent antibacterial ability (99.97% blocking rate against E. coli and 99.88% against S. aureus), while maintaining a good strength similar to the original 100% chitosan nonwoven. All these benefits allow it to be used as a filtration media in surgical masks, medical air filters, and other medical applications.

Chitosan is produced from chitin, the second largest natural polymer in the world after celluloses. The outer skeleton of shellfish, including crab, lobster, and shrimp, produces over 10 billion metric tons of chitin every year.

Biodegradability

The above efforts often incorporate petroleum-based materials or use chemicals that pollute our environment, thus reducing natural materials’ advantages in regard to sustainability. Therefore, some other efforts focus on making filter media solely from natural materials or their composites through a green production process.

An example is from silk nanomaterials again. China’s Wuhan Textile University (WTU) has developed a high-efficiency low-resistance microporous aerogel with

Spunlace chitosan nonwoven used by Qingdao University and Youngchito Bio for developing chitosan composite. Youngchito Bio

silk microfibers and nanofibers. The manufacturing process includes several rounds of freezing, dissolving, and drying, with the help of alcohol, ether, or ketone regulators and other chemicals that are volatile and easy to recover. The result is a fully biodegradable aerogel made through a process that has little environmental pollution.

The researchers used silk-based aerogel to make filter cotton, which has a density ranging from 1 to 50 mg/cm3, for air purification. This cotton shows advantages of high filtration efficiency, low filtration resistance, and high dust holding capacity. The researchers ascribed these advantages to the aerogel’s high porosity, dense and uniform pore sizes, big specific surface area, and excellent mechanical properties and structural integrity.

In addition to using a single source of natural material, researchers also mix different types of plant and animal

materials to form new composites with better performance or unique advantages to meet the needs of diversified filtration applications. Examples include cellulose and chitosan composites for making aerogels and cellulose and protein composites for air purification.

Recycling Waste Natural Materials

The chitosan filter material mentioned above is made from shellfish waste. In addition, researchers are using waste of cotton, wood, bamboo, silk, among many others, for making filter media materials. For example, waste cotton, wood, and bamboo can be turned into cellulose fibers for making cellulosic aerogels for air filtration. Another example is that waste silk can be used for making aerogel that shows excellent filtration and absorption ability in removing oil pollution – the oil can be recovered and the aerogel can be reused, according to

a recent research by Dalian Polytechnic University.

Even the natural materials removed from the previously discussed process, such as lignin and sericin, have their fans. For example, research by China’s Changzhou University found that adding lignin to a polyamide selective layer of a nanofiltration membrane would significantly increase the permeation flux and the retention rate of the membrane in filtering sodium sulfate and dyes.

Jason Chen is an international correspondent for International Filtration News . He is a leading journalist covering the fiber and filtration industries in Asia and a senior analyst who has published more than 50 books and reports for polymers, composites, and other advanced materials and technologies. He can be reached at jasonchen200501@hotmail.com

Fine Tuning Performancethe of

Annual sales of filtration membranes worldwide were worth US$8.3 billion in 2024 and with a healthy CAGR of 7% will grow to a value of $14.2 billion in 2032, according to analyst Fortune Business Insights, headquartered in Pune, India.

In a paper presented at the Filtech Conference in Cologne, Germany, on November 12, 2024, Professor Steffen Schütz, senior manager of membrane development at Ludwigsburg, Germany-headquartered MANN+HUMMEL, outlined the key markets and applications for membrane technologies in liquid filtration, emerging new developments resulting from intensive R&D and some of the challenges involved in balancing performance requirements and environmental legislation.

Natural Benchmark

As semi-permeable and thin structures used for filtration and separation, membranes have a high transport selectivity for separating single components from multi-component mixtures.

“With human cell membranes, nature provides us with an unbeatable benchmark for design, multi-functionality and selectivity,” Professor Schütz said.

He listed the nine major market areas for membrane separation in liquid processing as in wastewater treatment plants, clean and drinking water generation, food, dairy and sweetener processing, the chemical industry, textiles production, pharmaceuticals and biotech, electronics, automotive and metals manufacturing.

There are four main types of membrane in general, with the most widely used be-

ing flat sheet polymer types and for special applications, ceramic or even metal and glass alternatives are employed.

The other main membrane structures are extruded tubular, hollow fiber and multichannel types and options include micro-, ultra- and nanofiltration flat sheet membranes, usually with nonwoven supporting structures, and hollow fiber membranes which both have polymeric porous membrane layers. Reverse osmosis (RO) flat sheet membranes meanwhile combine a non-porous top layer and a porous membrane layer.

There are also a range of different modules for hollow fibers, spiral wound elements, capillary, and membrane bioreactor modules (MBRs).

Operational modes in these modules can be via either crossflow or dead-end filtration.

“A typical water desalination plant will contain between ten and 20,000 membrane modules,” Professor Schütz observed.

Filter Assembly

In membrane module production, initial economic investment must be considered in balance with energy efficiency and key performance parameters to be achieved include a high fouling resistance, well-defined separation characteristics, process robustness and efficient cleanability.

Spiral wound filter modules in particular, can employ a range of membranes including RO, nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF) or customized layers integrated with a range of feed and permeate spacer materials which are integrated to control the fouling or blocking of the individual layers and also ensure cleaning efficiency.

MF membranes have a separation range of 10-0.1µm, while with UF membranes the range is 100-10 nm and NF membranes 10-1nm. RO membranes remove bivalent and especially monovalent cations and anions for water desalination.

Effective spacer and element placement and design plays a decisive role in filter assembly, with reproducibility of the membranes, elements and modules all critical. Spacer materials between the engineered

By Adrian Wilson, International Correspondent, IFN

 MANN+HUMMEL Bio-Cel membrane bioreactor module (MBR). MANN+HUMMEL

membrane layers have a significant impact on desirable separation characteristics.

Polymeric Membrane Manufacturing

A common process for polymeric membranes manufacturing is non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) in which they are cast from a polymer solution and run through a coagulation water bath to achieve the spontaneous solidification of the porous membrane structure, followed by post-treatments including rinsing, annealing and drying.

There are a number of other phase inversion process types for achieving specific membrane structures including TIPS (thermally induced phase separation), VIPS (vapor induced phase separation) and partial solvent evaporation in combination with NIPS. Other membranes are also produced by common processes such as extrusion.

Molecular Grafting

Comprehensive R&D work is ongoing in order to improve the specific performance properties of membrane systems and Professor Schütz covered a range of project focus areas in his presentation.

Much work has been done, for example, on the modification of UF and NF membranes via the grafting of functional macromolecular layers onto their surfaces

Membranes for Liquid Filtration

in order to achieve various properties such as increased hydrophilicity or to reduce fouling to cut down on necessary cleaning periods, as well as energy use.

Grafting processes can involve the polymers being attached to the membrane surface or molecules being grown from it.

The modification of surface charge can also be influenced by the grafting of zwitterionic molecules such as amino acids.

Polydopamine coatings are also a biocompatible surface treatment to increase hydrophilicity and selectivity, as well as reducing fouling.

Surface Charge

The creation of defined surface charges can result in high selective separation of protein molecules and is to be found, for example, in high-quality products in the dairy industry.

In LBL (layer-by-layer) technology, different combinations of polyelectrolyte coating layers are employed to control flux and separation efficiency, with the Zeta potential of the layers steered by the coatings. Additional crosslinking by glutaraldehyde increases ion rejection and layer stability.

Another process that is being explored to achieve specific functionality is graphene oxide coating, either by vapor deposition or ink jet printing. In order to

achieve specific selectivity, the channel height between the graphene oxide layers can be controlled for high water flux due to the low molecular friction in the carbon channels.

Aquaporine

In another R&D area, biomimetic UF and NF membrane structures have been developed involving aquaporine protein molecules with water conductive channels being embedded in proteoliposomes. Fixation of the molecules is achieved by polyamide coating and a high water conductivity of up to three billion molecules per second has been recorded in a single aquaporine channel, making such structures competitive with RO membranes in terms of water flux performance at moderate salt concentrations.

The current challenge in development here, is in perfecting low-throughput production and cleaning, since it would create a bottleneck in high volume series production.

Surface Coatings for RO Membranes

Functional surface coating polyamide chemistry is state-of-the art for water desalination RO membranes, creating thin film composites with a UF support membrane. Polyamide coatings are mostly used here, applied by interfacial

polymerization and a chemical toolbox of different amines and acidic chloride monomers for steering permeability and salt rejection. New research results focusing on the structural details of the PA coating allow further optimization of RO membrane performance.

The classic trade-off in the application of RO membranes is between water flux and salt rejection and local coating density structure and thickness determine performance. On the one hand, thin and dense PA layers with almost hidden water channel structures lead to limited water transport, whereas with a less dense PA layer and a more open water channel structure, higher water transport is enabled, with lower salt rejection.

The current benchmark membrane, however, can achieve up to 99.9% salt rejection even in sea water desalination. The microscopic design of support membrane structures can also be manipulated to influence the performance of the PA coating.

Emerging developments include the incorporation of sacrificial interlayers into smooth PA coatings and the use of nanofillers to increase hydrophilicity.

 MANN+HUMMEL Bio-Cel membrane bioreactor module (MBR). MANN+HUMMEL

Ridge/valley structures on the molecular scale have also been created to increase the effective membrane’s surface area and the application of surfactants has been exploited to further enhance the surface potential.

Green Energy

Moving on to the use of membranes in green energy applications, Professor Schütz cited their deployment in redox flow batteries as high-capacity, high-power stationary energy storage devices and also the use of ion exchange membranes at the core of ion transfer during charging and discharging.

The focus now, is on the development of new membrane concepts that are fluorine-free and both cost and energy efficient.

In the green hydrogen economy, membranes are being employed in water preparation for the provision of highly purified water and also as a core component for energy efficient ion transfer within electrolysis cells.

They are then further employed for the removal of water and oxygen residuals for safe hydrogen transport and storage.

Challenges

There are, however, a number of regulatory challenges to be overcome, including the ban of PFAS, so-called ‘forever chemicals,’ with classic PFAS molecules applied to membranes for their surface protection properties as well as in water repellent agents.

Fluorine containing polymers, such as PVDF and PTFE, are also potentially components which will not be allowed in the future.

Further restrictions by REACH are also imminent on widely used solvents such as N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N Dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) in membrane production and alternative green solvents are now being explored.

This is leading to a lot of work on the development of new membrane recipes and production parameters and while performance is being achieved, there is as of yet, no long-term experience of industrial performance.

These regulations are also resulting in a lot of work in achieving new certification in industries such as food and beverage and pharmaceuticals.

A further ban on Bisphenol A (BPA) molecules which is applied as a polymerization starter for polysulfone (PSU) as another relevant membrane polymer is also likely to shortly come into effect.

p MANN+HUMMEL PureULTRA hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module. MANN+HUMMEL

New Opportunities

“Membranes will be a key technology in life sciences, environmental protection and sustainable green energy systems,” Professor Schütz said in conclusion. “Major innovations are currently taking place in terms of membrane surface chemistries and structures, as well as in applying alternative materials and application specific tuning for higher selectivity and performance.

“The current key challenges are the replacement of relevant membrane production materials to ensure sustainability and the transfer of scientific results into series products, along with achieving the necessary certification across a range of end-use industries.

“Nevertheless, the development of such new materials and new markets being created by energy-related applications, in addition to recycling membrane products, is providing a lot of new opportunities going forward.”

About the Presenter

Apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Schütz received his diploma in Process Engineering in 1993 and his PhD in Process Engineering in 1999, both at the University of Stuttgart. In 2005 he completed his Habilitation in Mechanical Process Engineering, and he received his Venia Legendi in 2006. In 2009 he was appointed Adjunct Professor at the University of Stuttgart. Until end of 2010 Steffen Schütz was working at the Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering of the Stuttgart University. His research focus was on computational fluid dynamics, filtration, separation, and mixing technology.

In January 2011 Steffen Schütz joined the Advanced Technology department of MANN+HUMMEL GmbH in Ludwigsburg,

Germany, and he became responsible for membrane development. His working focus is on polymeric and ceramic filtration membranes and on nonporous ion exchange membranes for green energy applications. Since February 2023 Steffen Schütz is head of the Center of Competence “Flat Sheet Membranes” at MANN+HUMMEL in the Business Unit “Water & Membrane Solutions.” He is author or co-author of more than 70 scientific papers within his research and development fields and he holds more than 20 patents in membrane technology together with other patentees.

Adrian Wilson is an international correspondent for International Filtration News. He is a leading journalist covering fiber, filtration, nonwovens and technical textiles. He can be reached at adawilson@gmail.com.

• Rigid plastic cores

• Flexible tubular sleeves

• Flow channel spacers

• Media, pleat support

• Welded tube overwraps

• You design it, we create it!

INNOVATIONS & TRENDS in Residential IAQ and Ventilation

By Dr. Iyad Al-Attar with Mr. Andrew Guido

Dr. Iyad Al-Attar, a correspondent for International Filtration News, visits Toronto to interview Mr. Andrew Guido, a recipient of the prestigious Energy & Environmental Building Alliance (EEBA) Excellence in Healthier Homes Award and most recently the GIA Global Innovation Home of The Year from the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB). Their conversation highlights the evolving landscape of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), including filtration and HVAC systems, ventilation technologies, smart home integrations, and sustainability initiatives. They discuss the challenges and opportunities homeowners face in improving their health and well-being. The discussion reveals a significant shift toward prioritizing IAQ, driven by advancements in filtration, ventilation, sensor technologies, and smart home solutions, all while emphasizing the importance of energy efficiency and sustainability.

Iyad Al-Attar: Considering the growing awareness of IAQ, what are the most impactful innovations in residential HVAC systems that address homeowners’ specific needs and challenges today?

Guido: The growing awareness of indoor air quality has led to significant innovations in residential HVAC systems. One of the most impactful changes is the shift away from traditional MERV 8 filters, primarily designed to protect HVAC components from dust and particles. Today, builders are increasingly incorporating higher efficiency filters such as MERV 11 and MERV 13 to provide better protection against airborne contaminants (ASHRAE Journal, 2022). These filters are more effec-

Q+A

tive at capturing smaller particles, including allergens and viruses, which is crucial for maintaining good indoor air quality.

Whole-home HEPA systems have also undergone improvements, with newer models being more compact, quieter, and cost-effective. These systems are often integrated with ECM motors for enhanced efficiency and can be installed inline, bypass, or independently from the HVAC system (HVACR Business, 2023).

The ERTH360 Discovery Home, an award-winning concept home in Ontario, Canada, which I helped to design and build, serves as a testing ground for various filtration systems, evaluating their effectiveness, ease of installation, availability, and maintenance costs (GlobeNewswire, 2025).

p ERTH360 Discovery Home – HVAC System. Andrew Guido

IN THIS ISSUE: ANDREW GUIDO

Vice President of Sustainability & Innovation, Willowdale Asset Management Inc.

Sensor technologies have also become more advanced, providing real-time monitoring of IAQ. These sensors can detect a broader range of pollutants, including formaldehyde, ozone, methane, NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0, and are more affordable and accurate than older models (Environmental Science & Technology, 2022). The affordability of these sensors allows for strategic placement throughout homes, enabling better management of IAQ. For instance, sensors near laundry areas can monitor VOC emissions from detergents, helping homeowners make informed decisions about their indoor environment.

Al-Attar: Please describe the emerging trends in ventilation technology for residential properties, specifically focusing on energy efficiency and improved air circulation.

Guido: Emerging trends in ventilation technology for residential properties focus on energy efficiency and improved air circulation. Energy Recovery Ventilation (ERV) systems are becoming more prevalent due to their ability to capture and reuse energy from exhausted air, improving IAQ while reducing energy consumption (ASHRAE Resources, 2023). Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) systems use heat exchangers to transfer heat from outgoing stale air to incoming fresh air, significantly reducing the energy needed for heating or cooling (Passive House Institute, 2022).

Smart ventilation systems integrate sensors and AI to dynamically adjust airflow based on occupancy load, air quality, and external conditions, optimizing energy use while maintaining optimal indoor conditions (Smart Ventilation Systems, 2023). Industry standards like ASHRAE Standard 241 address under-ventilation in homes by promoting higher volume ventilation units with enhanced filtration capabilities (ASHRAE Standard 241, 2022). The ERTH360 Discovery Home is one of the first production homes to meet the ASHRAE Standard 241 requirements.

In the ERTH360 Discovery Home, an oversized ERV with a HEPA filter was installed, far exceeding local building code

requirements. This setup improves air quality and demonstrates how innovative ventilation solutions can be integrated into residential spaces without compromising energy efficiency.

a seamless ecosystem to reduce cost and accelerate adoption.

Al-Attar: How are advancements in smart home technology and integration influencing the future of IAQ and ventilation control in residential spaces?

Guido: Smart home technology and integration advancements are transforming the future of IAQ and ventilation control in residential spaces. AI-informed home automation systems turn traditional HVAC systems into intelligent data centers that synergistically control IAQ and comfort (IEEE Journal, 2023). Open APIs and manufacturer cooperation are essential for integrating various components to create a holistic indoor environment management system (IoT Journal, 2022). To fully realize the potential of an integrated solution, we will have to remove technology barriers and work together as

At the ERTH360 Discovery Home, 13 strategically located sensors monitor indoor conditions, and an outdoor sensor provides early warnings for potential hazardous events. These sensors will eventually integrate with HVAC and other systems to maintain targeted indoor air quality conditions autonomously.

AI plays a crucial role in optimizing HVAC operations, adjusting temperature settings based on user habits and environmental conditions, and predicting maintenance needs to prevent system failures. This integration enhances user experience, efficiency, and IAQ management. To date, this level of control has only been available in the luxury home market that can afford customized BACnet and or Modbus communication protocols for backend control. Indeed, a practical solution can be developed to simplify this function and make it accessible to the masses.

p ERTH360 Discovery Home –HVAC System.

Smart Panel Monitor (Tracking 13 Sensors).

Andrew Guido

Al-Attar: With a focus on sustainability, what innovations in HVAC and air filtration systems are vital in reducing environmental impact and promoting healthier living environments?

Guido: Innovations in HVAC and air filtration systems are crucial for reducing environmental impact and promoting healthier living environments. The shift towards less combustible and ozonefriendly refrigerants, electric appliances, heat pumps, and solar power is key to sustainability (ASHRAE Journal, 2023). Sensor technologies play a vital role in providing early warnings for potential environmental hazards, contributing to decarbonization efforts (Environmental Science & Technology, 2022).

Solar-powered HVAC systems are transforming building climate control by integrating thermal storage systems that work alongside solar panels, storing excess energy for nighttime and cloudy day operations. Geothermal integration taps into Earth’s constant underground temperatures, maintaining steady indoor temperatures year-round while using minimal electricity.

Net-zero energy homes are becoming increasingly popular. They combine architectural design, efficient heating and cooling systems, and renewable energy sources to achieve net zero energy consumption annually. These homes use advanced building science and technology to create year-round comfortable living environments with minimal environmental impact.

We are commencing construction on our Net Zero Discovery Home in Ontario, Canada, this spring. This home will serve as a testing ground for integrating new technologies. This project involves installing a threeseason heat pump, which a combustion furnace will supplement during the cold season. The heat pump will provide efficient heating and cooling for most of the year, leveraging advanced technologies to extract heat from outdoor air even in cold temperatures. However, during extremely cold periods, the combustion furnace will take over to ensure consistent heating performance.

In addition to the hybrid heating system, a solar PV array will be installed on the roof, generating renewable energy to power the home. This combination will be complemented by a battery storage system, such as lithium-ion batteries, which can store excess energy generated by the solar panels for later use. This setup reduces reliance on the grid and provides backup power during outages, enhancing energy resilience.

The energy management system will be a critical component of this project. It will measure energy usage at the circuit level to provide real-time data on energy consumption patterns. This level of monitoring allows for precise optimization of energy use, ensuring that the home operates efficiently, while minimizing waste. The system will utilize advanced circuit monitoring technologies, which provide clear visibility of energy consumption at the branch level, enabling detailed energy efficiency analysis and optimization.

By integrating these technologies, the Net Zero Discovery Home will not only reduce environmental impact but also serve as a model for sustainable living. It will demonstrate how innovative HVAC and air filtration systems can enhance indoor air quality while promoting energy efficiency and sustainability. The project will showcase the potential for residen-

tial buildings to achieve net-zero energy status through a combination of efficient HVAC systems, renewable energy generation, and advanced energy management.

Al-Attar: What are the biggest challenges and future opportunities for improving residential IAQ and ventilation, specifically in health, energy efficiency, and homeowner affordability?

Guido: One of the biggest challenges in improving residential IAQ is homeowner education. Occupant behavior can significantly impact IAQ, and simple practices like using kitchen fans during cooking, avoiding indoor candle burning, and being mindful of VOCs emissions from furniture can improve IAQ (Consumer Reports, 2022).

Future opportunities lie in integrating smart technologies with sustainable practices to create healthier living environments while ensuring energy efficiency and affordability. As smart home technologies advance, there will be greater potential for AI-driven systems to optimize IAQ and ventilation based on real-time data and user preferences (ASHRAE Journal, 2023).

Regulatory changes, such as the shift towards eco-friendly refrigerants, will drive the adoption of more sustainable HVAC solutions (Environmental Protection Agency, 2025). Additionally, advancements in air filtration technology, such as longer-lasting filters and recycling initiatives, will reduce waste and operational costs.

Al-Attar: Mr. Guido, your final thought or closing statement?

Guido: We need to be more holistic in our approach to improving IAQ. We too quickly try to solve what may seem to be the obvious problem and don’t step back to see the bigger picture. John Bower, in his book The Healthy House, first published in 1989, introduces the concept of a house as a system and presents four healthy design principles that still apply today. His principles in order of application are: 1) Elimination, 2) Separation, 3) Ventilation, and 4) Filtration. Note filtration is last on his list. It would be naive

p Testing set up for ASHRAE Standard 241 with Air Tracer Technology. Andrew Guido

Meet the Award Winner – Mr. Andrew Guido

As Vice President of Sustainability & Innovation at Willowdale Asset Management Inc., Andrew Guido spearheads transformative initiatives in sustainable and healthier home construction. With operations spanning North America and $5 billion in assets under management, Willowdale, through its homebuilder Empire Communities, has constructed over 36,000 residential units across the continent over the past three decades.

Andrew has been recognized with the two prestigious awards: Energy & Environmental Building Alliance (EEBA) Excellence in Healthier Homes Award (2024). This award, presented at the EEBA High Performance Home Summit in Salt Lake City, UT highlights the collaborative efforts to advance healthier living environments through innovative homebuilding solutions.

The Nationals, National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), GIA Gold Global Innovation Home Of The Year Award (2025), received in Las Vegas, Nevada recognizes recognize the most cutting-edge, advanced and original products, services, homes, communities and champions of the building industry from around the world.

to believe source control is all we need to worry about. Ask anyone that lives near a major road if they can prevent rubber particles from entering their building/home. IAQ is too complex for simple thinking, but some combination of these four principles is probably where the solution for ‘clean air’ lies.

Conclusion From the Author

The interview has highlighted a dynamic and rapidly evolving field focused on enhancing residential IAQ and ventilation. Raising the bar of IAQ in the residential sector through the integration of highperformance HVAC and filtration systems with advanced monitoring technologies is essential.

The ERTH360 Discovery Home project is a prime example and testing platform for these innovations, aiming to transform conventional living into a more sustainable, safe, and comfortable experience. The growing demand for improved living conditions is fueled by a

heightened awareness of health impacts, a commitment to energy efficiency, and the seamless integration of smart home systems.

Key drivers include increased awareness of health impacts, technological advancements in filtration, ventilation, and sensor technologies, smart home integration, and a growing commitment to energy efficiency and sustainability. While we have what it takes to embrace sustainable, healthy, and safe living by unlocking the full potential of current and future innovations, affordability will make these technologies available to a broader spectrum of users.

An important factor to consider is who the users of these advanced technologies are and how we can ensure that everyone has equal access to these technologies. To mainstream these innovations and make them the norm of indoor living, research and development are required to integrate technologies and performance for user-friendly purposes.

References

1. ASHRAE Journal. (2022). Air Filtration in Residential Buildings.

2. HVACR Business. (2023). Advancements in Whole-Home HEPA Systems.

3. Environmental Science & Technology. (2022). Real-Time Air Quality Monitoring.

4. ASHRAE Resources. (2023). Energy Recovery Ventilation Systems.

5. GlobeNewswire. (2025). ERTH360 Wins Global Innovation Home of the Year at The Nationals.

6. Passive House Institute. (2022). Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery.

7. Smart Ventilation Systems. (2023). ASHRAE Journal.

8. ASHRAE Standard 241. (2022). Control of Infectious Aerosols.

9. IEEE Journal. (2023). AI in HVAC Systems.

10. IoT Journal. (2022). Smart Home Integration.

11. ASHRAE Journal. (2023). Sustainability in HVAC.

12. Environmental Science & Technology. (2022). Sensor Technologies for Sustainability.

13. Consumer Reports. (2022). Simple Practices for Better IAQ.

14. ASHRAE Journal. (2023). Future Opportunities in IAQ.

Dr. Al-Attar is IFN’s Global Correspondent, Technology and Innovation, with insight as a mechanical engineer and an independent air filtration consultant. He is a Visiting Academic Fellow in the School of Aerospace, Transport, and Manufacturing at Cranfield University, consulting for air quality and filter performance relevant to land-based gas turbines. His expertise is on the design/performance of high-efficiency filters for HVAC and land-based gas turbine applications, focusing on chemical and physical characterization of airborne pollutants. Dr. AlAttar is also the strategic director, instructor, and advisory board member of the Waterloo Filtration Institute. In 2020, Eurovent Middle East appointed Dr. Al-Attar as the first associated consultant for air filtration, as well as an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) patron for EUROVENT.

Breaking the Cycle of Complacency in Indoor Air Quality

Complacency is one of the biggest obstacles to innovation, and indoor air quality (IAQ) is no exception. Despite experiencing the most significant pandemic in a century, we have yet to fully grasp the urgency of investing in new technologies and strategies to make our indoor air safer and healthier.

The silver lining is that the pandemic has brought heightened awareness to IAQ. Many long-established facts about how indoor air affects our health have been scrutinized scientifically and practically more closely. As a result, existing solutions have gained more recognition and understanding, paving the way for better implementation.

Modern residential homes are designed for energy efficiency with exceptional air tightness in residential construction. Many new homes now incorporate energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) to help achieve these new ventilation goals. However, ventilation alone is just one piece of the IAQ puzzle.

Most mechanical ventilation systems rely on filters to clean incoming fresh air and recirculated indoor air. While this approach seems effective, the reality is that even highly rated MERV13 filters capture less than 50% of airborne viruses. This should be a wake-up call –we must move beyond basic filtration and integrate more effective, proven technologies into our homes.

To create healthier indoor environments, we must first break the cycle of complacency in our pursuit of IAQ. Going the extra mile means embracing innovation and prioritizing air quality with the same urgency

as energy efficiency. Our health and wellbeing depends on it.

About Peter Cantone. He is founder of Smart Air Defense located in White Plains NY, USA. Peter Cantone is an Environmental Justice Advocate for K12 schools.

Energy Recovery Ventilation

(ERVs)

for Improved Indoor Air Quality and

Efficiency

Bringing in outdoor air sounds great in theory; fresh air, healthier spaces, all that. But in practice, it comes with baggage: it’s often too hot or cold, too humid or dry, dusty, dirty, or just plain nasty. In the old days, leaky buildings handled this by accident. Today’s high-performance homes are tight – and that’s a good thing. But now we need to do the job on purpose and do it well. That’s where Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVs) come in.

ERVs supply fresh air and exhaust stale air while recovering heat or cooling from the outgoing airstream, keeping energy bills from going through the roof. They’re critical for controlling CO2 levels indoors –because your brain works better when it’s not marinating in stale air. ERVs can run standalone or be tucked inside air handlers.

Today’s smart systems include CO2 sensors, so they don’t run full-blast when nobody’s home. They ramp up when you need them; simple, efficient, smart. Add highperformance heat and humidity exchangers, ECM motors, low-GWP refrigerants, and decent filters; you’ve got a solid setup.

To go the extra mile, opt for geothermalassisted ventilation. It preconditions incoming air underground for optimum clean air

and thermal comfort. While it is neither cheap nor common, it is elegant – and certainly my favorite way forward.

Also worth noting, codes around the world now require ERVs in commercial buildings with at least 75% heat recovery efficiency. Residential? It’s not always enforced, but it’s becoming the default unless someone fights its installation. The bottom line is that ERVs are essential for clean air, less energy, and fewer headaches if selected and installed appropriately with intelligent controls and proper integration.

About Nabil Shaheen. He has over 25 years of experience in the HVAC industry. He has held various technical and commercial leadership roles, including serving as Director of Engineering for several global HVAC companies. His expertise spans product research and development, design, testing, and manufacturing. He is well-versed in international HVAC regulations and standards across the US, Europe, and the MENA region, maintaining direct relationships with regulatory bodies and government agencies. He holds a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from Tennessee State University, USA.

Healthier Homes, Efficient Buildings: The Role of Integrated IAQ Monitoring

Residential indoor environmental quality (IEQ) that encompasses indoor air quality (IAQ) is a critical factor influencing well-being, given that people spend a significant portion of their lives indoors. Integrating continuous IAQ monitoring into residential buildings is vital for both occupant

pPeter Cantone

Compiled By Dr. Iyad Al-Attar

pNabil Shaheen

pSotirios Papathanasiou

health and building sustainability. For health, monitoring key pollutants like particulate matter (PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), and humidity allows for the identification and mitigation of conditions that can trigger allergies, asthma, respiratory problems, and even impact cognitive function. Timely data enables interventions, whether manual or automated, to improve air quality. From a sustainability perspective, integrated monitoring facilitates smarter building operation. For instance, demand-controlled ventilation, driven by CO2 sensors, ensures sufficient fresh air intake when needed without the energy penalty of constant, excessive ventilation, thus optimizing energy consumption and reducing operational costs.

Incorporating IAQ monitoring directly into HVAC solutions is a logical and increasingly necessary step. HVAC systems are the primary means of controlling ventilation, filtration, and air conditioning; linking them

directly with IAQ sensors creates a responsive system where air treatment is based on actual conditions, not just schedules or assumptions. Challenges include the initial cost of reliable, accurate sensors, the complexity of integrating sensors seamlessly with diverse HVAC control systems, ensuring longterm sensor calibration and maintenance, and effectively communicating IAQ data to occupants without causing undue alarm. However, the opportunities are immense. Going the extra mile includes integrating solutions that offer capabilities like automated ventilation adjustments, enhanced filtration activation during pollution events (e.g., wildfires), humidity control, real-time air quality feedback to occupants via apps or dashboards, and predictive maintenance alerts (e.g., filter replacement). Ultimately, integrating IAQ monitoring within HVAC systems leads to healthier indoor environments, enhanced comfort, greater energy efficiency, and more sustainable building operations.

About Sotirios Papathanasiou. He is a skilled expert with a passion for air quality and a unique ability to translate complex technical and environmental concepts into easily understandable information. With a background in electronic engineering and environmental issues, he founded “See The Air” to educate the public on air quality and pollution. Sotirios possesses a strong technical understanding of air quality monitoring technologies, focusing on sensing and quantification, coupled with keen analytical skills in the market, including forecasting and product evaluation. He also brings marketing acumen to the field. His expertise is further demonstrated through his involvement as an advisory expert in various air quality initiatives and his current leadership of the Global Open Air Quality Standards initiative, showcasing his blend of communication, technical, market, and leadership skills in the pursuit of improved air quality.

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The Difference Between a Separator and a Filter for Cleaning Industrial Liquids

By James J. Joseph

The difference between a filter and a separator is that they are used in the liquid/solid industry, particularly with applications using industrial process fluids. These applications have a continuous input of solids that are regularly removed on a closed-loop basis as the fluid is recirculated through the cleaning device and back to the operation. They are commonly known as metalworking/ coolant applications.

This article focuses on manufacturing parts made of steel or ferrous materials. It does not cover manufactured parts made of nonferrous materials.

Although the discussion is devoted to industrial metalworking applications, there are many applications in other industries where separators are used to remove solids from liquids. This article describes the separator in more detail since it is not as well-known as a filter. In fact, many users still refer to a separator as a filter because, in their experience, anything that cleans a fluid is a filter. This article shows the difference between the two.

Difference between Filters and Separators

First, the definitions of the two devices are provided to show the actual difference between them. For this discussion, a filter and separator are types of clarifiers. They belong here because they clean contaminated liquids, but their techniques for accomplishing this task are different.

Filter

A filter uses a barrier to intercept the solids as the liquid flows through it. Particle size and particle size distribution are the main parameters. It is common knowledge that many types and fabrics are available. There are many types of filters which use a media in many design arrangements.

Separator

A separator uses the physical characteristics of the solid and how they relate to the physical characteristics of the liquid. It capitalizes on the differences to “pull,” remove, or separate the solids away from the liquid. It cleans the liquid without the use of a barrier or filter medium to intercept the solids.

Typical characteristics of these are;

• Solids heavier than liquid – they settle to the bottom of a tank to be removed manually or with a sludge conveyor.

• Solids lighter than liquid float to the surface of the tank and are removed with a skimmer of some type. This is not common with ferrous material.

• Magnetic particles – can be separated with a magnetic field magnetic created by drums, discs or curtains.

Solids can be forced into an accelerated separation with centrifugal force generated by centrifugation with a centrifuge or a hydrocyclone.

There are separators that work as liquid/ liquid separators, such as tramp oil or foreign liquids. These use flotation and skimming. In some unique cases, vacuum distillation can be used. However, these are not covered here since the main theme is liquid/solid separation.

Examples of Typical Liquid/ Solid Separators

The following illustrations show some typical separators used in the industry. Of course there are many types and variations of each. Space will not allow the insertion of all of them. Therefore, the following are the most common devices. Each device has a brief description covering the most salient points of its design or application. There is much more data than what is offered here, so a user should learn as much as possible about the device’s design and features before making a selection. Each device has many versions of the basic design, and often, they can be modified to meet the cleaning needs better.

Self-Cleaning Settling Chamber

A typical self-cleaning tank (there are many types) has a flight or scraper, which is pulled along the bottom and up an incline to discharge the contaminants into a suitable receptacle. The figure shows a typical arrangement where the device takes advantage of the solids being heavier than the liquid. The flight mechanism has various designs. They usually run

continuously at a slow speed and at a rate required to remove the necessary solids. The speed of the conveyor is between one foot to ten feet per minute. It is wise that whenever the tank is selected to hold contaminated fluid long enough to where the solids will settle to the bottom, the tank should be fitted with a self-cleaning conveyor. Otherwise, manual cleaning is needed frequently. If the manual cleaning is ignored, the solid accumulation actually displaces the liquid and the system is starved of valuable fluid.

Magnetic Drums

Magnetic separation takes advantage of the magnetic characteristic of steel/ferrous contaminants. This magnetic drum separator has a stainless steel drum rotating over a magnet field. The magnetic field is in the path of the liquid flow to attract the particulate and hold it as the fluid flows by. These units use doctor blades or wipers to scrap away the accumulation of particles. There are many configurations of the drum version, and they are often used with system reservoirs. Magnetic separation can be performed with many types of devices which hold a magnetic field in the path of the moving

liquid. Some are designed as conveyors as in chip conveyors under a machine which is cutting the metal.

Batch Centrifuge

This shows a liquid/solid separating batch bowl centrifuge containing dirty liquid inside a rotating bowl. As the bowl spins, the centrifugal force pulls the solids toward the wall. The liquid is also pulled but It flows over the top edge of the bowl and down into the bottom of the chamber and out the clean liquid outlet. Solids are accumulated on the inside surface of the bowl. After the required time, the centrifuge is shut down, opened, and the solid mass in varying degrees of “dryness” is manually removed.

There are three main types of centrifuges: Batch, as shown here , Continuous Flow, where the fluid continuously flows in and out of the chamber, and Stacked Disc, high-speed centrifuge. The stacked disc is usually designed to be self-cleaning and is the most efficient device in the family of separators. For all the units, the rotating speed ranges from 2,000 RPM to 10,000 RPM. Higher speeds are usually found in high-speed stacked disc units. Batch systems are more dependent on operator attention since they require manual cleaning.

Hydrocyclone

Centrifugal force is the hydrocyclone’s method of separating the solids from the liquid. This is different from a centrifuge since the forces are generated inside the stationary conical chamber as the liquid

spins at high velocities; the inlet is at a tangent to start the spinning action. As the liquid flows downward, the gradual reduction in the cone’s diameter greatly increases centrifugal action and the solids or heavier material is pushed to the inner wall of the cone. The opening at the bottom is not large enough to allow all the liquid to flow out the bottom. The center column of liquid is cleaned and it “swells” upward out the top of the unit. This is called the overflow. The liquid escaping out the bottom carries the concentration of solids. This is called the underflow. In industrial applications, the hydrocyclone is effective with granular type of solids. There is hardly any success with flake-like particulate. The velocity buoys the flakes and can be easily carried out the clean outlet at the top. The flakes tend to plug the bottom underflow outlet and prevent the hydrocyclone from functioning properly. The Hydrocyclone is mainly used on water base fluids.

James J. Joseph is a consultant in industrial liquid filtration and is author of the book, Coolant Filtration 2nd Edition, Additional Technologies. He currently owns Joseph Marketing in Williamsburg, Virginia and can be reached at 757-565-1549 or via email at josephmarketing120@gmail.com@ verizon.net. He serves on the editorial board of the International Filtration News.

FILTCON25 Honors Excellence & HIGHLIGHTS R&D

By Caryn Smith, Chief Content Officer & Publisher, IFN

The American Filtration and Separations Society (AFS) held its annual FILTCON Conference in April, with Louisville, KY as the host city. The event did not disappoint, and it began with the opportunity to take two industry tours to Microbac Laboratories and GE FirstBuild, as well as the annual installment of the AFS Filtration Short Course. An opening networking reception followed the tours and coursework.

The two full conference days included over 25 themed sessions, a robust exposition of 20 vendors from various sectors of the filtration and separation supply chain, and a presentation of AFC’s prestigious awards and annual student poster sessions rounded out the event.

Awards for Excellence

Dr. Eunkyoung Shim, Ph.D. Fiber and Polymer Science was awarded the 2025 Frank Tiller Award – For Leadership in Engineering and Education. Dr. Shim earned a Ph.D. from the Wilson College of Textiles at NC State University in Fiber & Polymer Science in 1991.

Dr. Shim joined The Nonwovens Institute in 2006 as a Research Assistant Professor and currently serves as an Associate Professor in the Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science. Named in honor of Dr. Frank Tiller,

the internationally acclaimed “Father of Modern Filtration Theory” and key founding member of the AFS, this award highlights scientific merit. The Tiller Award recognizes individuals for outstanding lifetime scientific and engineering achievements in the Technology of FluidParticle Separation.

Other esteemed awardees included: • Wells Shoemaker Award – For service & leadership in action: Saravanan Andan, PhD.

p 2025 Frank Tiller Award – For Leadership in Engineering and Education awarded to Dr. Eunkyoung Shim (center), Ph.D. Fiber and Polymer Science, with Leonard Costellano, Consultant (left) and Jon Rojala, AAF International (right). AFS

p Professor George Chase Academic Research Award – Sneha Swaminathan, PhD, Hollingsworth & Vose (center). AFS

 Senior Scientist –For Significant Contributions to the Technology of Filtration and Separation awarded to Kaiyi Liu, PhD. AFS

p New Product Award was H&V – Nanowave ESA® AFS

 Wells Shoemaker Award – For service & leadership in action awarded to Saravanan Andan, PhD. AFS

p Poster Sessions and Winners. AFS

• Senior Scientist – For Significant Contributions to the Technology of Filtration and Separation: Kaiyi Liu, PhD.

• Prof. George Chase Award – For Excellence in Academic Research: Sneha Swaminathan, PhD.

Celebrating the Next Generation

FILTCON25 Student Poster Competition celebrated the next generation of filtration and separation innovators. The top posters awarded were (see photo on page 44): 1st Place: Moni Mahesh Ghosh, The University of Akron; 2nd Place: Pranto Paul, University of Kentucky; 3rd Place (Tie): Cecilia Abella, University of Hawaii at Manoa and Youngwoo Hwang, North Carolina State University. Honorable Mentions included Samuel Thompson (University of Kentucky), Mara Baughman-Leach (University of Kentucky), and Usman Yousaf (University of Kentucky).

Career in Filtration Roundtable

AFS held the first-ever insightful and engaging “Career in Filtration” Industry Roundtable, where students could connect with industry professionals and learn about exciting career paths in academia and industry.

The conversation focused on the diverse opportunities within the filtration and separation field, emphasizing the importance of strong communication skills, collaboration, and innovation. From research and development to real-world applications, the panelists shared valuable advice for students seeking to impact the industry.

Science and Innovation on Display

Session tracks included topics on emerging contaminants, wastewater treatment, automotive, technologies for gaseous pollutants removal, biopharma and carbon capture, standards and testing, and developments in membrane filtration.

One session bringing a new topic to the conference was from Jialong Shen, a Research Faculty at North Carolina State University, who presented “Carbonic Anhydrase Immobilized Textile Gas-Liquid Contactor for C02 Capture.” Shen shared how reactive absorption effectively captures CO2 at atmospheric pressure, which

FFILTREX™ 2025

Key Discussions on Filtration and Sustainability

ILTREX™ 2025, the 10th edition of EDANA’s flagship event for the filtration industry – enjoyed two dynamic days of discussions, technical advancements, and industry collaboration. Over 100 professionals and experts from across the industry came together to discuss innovation, sustainability, and regulatory challenges shaping the sector – including the critical issue of PFAS use and its replacement. The event was held in Vienna, Austria. Murat Dogru, General Manager of EDANA, highlighted the significance of the event and its impact on the industry:

“I was truly encouraged by the level of expertise and engagement in the room at FILTREX™. What stood out to me was the diversity of perspectives – from materials science and testing methodologies to regulatory foresight and sustainability strategies – all contributing to a shared ambition: driving meaningful innovation in filtration,” he said. “We wanted to provide a space where standards are challenged, new ideas are tested, and cross-disciplinary thinking is encouraged. I believe we delivered on that.”

Spotlight on Sustainability in Filtration

The keynote by Dr.-Ing. Frank Möbius, Senior Innovation Advisor at UnternehmerTUM and former BMW Group Manager, highlighted the role of Open Innovation in maintaining competitiveness in an evolving market, while industry leaders addressed significant industry trends. Dr. Marc Schmidt (AAF-Lufttechnik) explored how economic and social shifts are reshaping filtration markets, while Anthony Lawson (Hengst Filtration) examined the impact of evolving air quality guidelines and PFAS restrictions on filter design. Cédric Vallet (Ahlstrom) and Christof Keppler (Gessner) presented innovations in filtration efficiency, carbon footprint reduction, and the development of biodegradable filter media. Meanwhile, Dr. Pero Mićić (FutureManagementGroup AG) offered a strategic framework for future-proofing businesses against industry disruptions.

Sustainability took center stage with a dedicated round table with insights from Oswaldo Anaya (Freudenberg Performance Materials), Cédric Vallet (Ahlstrom), and Bruce Lorange (Hollingsworth & Vose). The panel focused on how the industry can reduce its environmental impact while still delivering high-performance solutions.

The closing session tackled the critical topic of PFAS-free filtration, revealing solutions like high-performance PFAS-free HEPA media and nanofiber membranes.

Reflecting on the event, Dr. Anthony Lawson, Senior Filtration Specialist at Hengst Filtration, said, “FILTREX takes a step back and allows for a considered look at the broader aspects of the global issues that affect the entire supply chain from raw materials, through nonwovens to final filters in a single setting. It allows for presentations from all industry sectors as well as ensuring maximum participation with round table discussions on the themes presented.”

FILTREX™ Innovation Award 2025

The FILTREX™ Innovation Award went to Johns Manville for its Evalith® product. Their groundbreaking recycling process transforms HVAC glass microfiber waste into compounded pellets for injection molding, turning waste into durable, secondlife products.

is the condition in which combustionbased power plants emit CO2. However, high-energy penalty associated with conventional amine-based solvent hinders its wide implementation. Alternative lowregeneration energy solvents have been studied, but they often have slow absorption kinetics. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) shows promise as a rate enhancement catalyst for low-energy aqueous solvents used in CO2 reactive absorption process.

Textiles are ideally suited as gas-liquid (G-L) contactors and enzyme immobilization supports: they are already used in many advanced filtration media; they are lightweight, economical, flexible, and durable materials that can be fabricated in many shapes and have high surface areas and abundance of functional groups for chemical modification.

The biocatalytic textile contactors are remarkably robust across many different tested conditions, delivering similar percent CO2 capture regardless of inlet CO2 concentrations, provided that the solvent had sufficient buffering capacity for the amount of CO2 in the gas stream. The biocatalytic textile could withstand repeated washing and drying, immersion and shaking in heated solvents, and continuous testing for up to one thousand hours without performance reduction. The biocatalytic textile contactors are easy to scale up using textiles processing machinery. They will be able to meet the volume requirements for the vast CO2 capture industry and can be used either as “drop-in” in existing CO2 reactive absorption facilities or custom fit novel capture configurations such as when needed for coupling with downstream CO2 utilization processes.

Another interesting session from Angela Maria Fasnacht Ph.D., M.P.H., P.E., Andlinger Center Fellow, Princeton University, PFAS Advisor, Komline spoke on how per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) present significant challenges in water and wastewater treatment due to their persistence, toxicity, and widespread presence. The study presented evaluated the performance of an iterative set of combinatorial treatment solutions, including Reverse Osmosis (RO), Nano-

filtration (NX), Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), Ion Exchange (IX), SurfaceActivated Foam Fractionation (SAFF), and advanced destruction techniques.

A systematic evaluation has optimized treatment efficiencies across diverse water matrices, such as drinking water, industrial effluents, and wastewater streams. Key findings highlight how matrix-specific factors, including ionic strength, organic matter content, and cocontaminants, significantly impact the removal efficiency of each technology. The study highlighted the importance of integrating multiple treatment approaches, leveraging their complementary strengths to enhance removal efficiency while addressing economic and operational constraints. Moreover, the lessons learned underscore the critical role of destruction technologies in achieving sustainable, end-to-end PFAS management, ensuring minimal environmental reintroduction.

The final takeaways from the study concluded that an PFAS treatment overall strategy pointed to the use of an innovative system design plus the right material selection, which equals effective, compliant PFAS treatment, among other factors.

Plenary Sessions on Membranes

Two plenary sessions included two interesting talks that included:

Dibakar Bhattacharyya , a Professor at the University of Kentucky, focused on the innovative potential of functionalized microfiltration membranes. These membranes tackle biotherapeutic applications like viral vector production and environmental remediation challenges, including PFAS removal and metal recovery. Bhattacharyya highlighted cutting-edge membrane filtration techniques that streamline processes, reduce costs, and boost efficiency in these critical fields.

Adil Dhalla, Managing Director, Separa-

tion Technologies Applied Research and Translation (START) Centre and SG MEM, Singapore Membrane Consortium, discussed how Singapore has become a leader in water and membrane innovations, addressing the challenges of scaling laboratory-based inventions to marketready solutions, showcasing pilot-scale testing for seawater desalination and other vital water treatment technologies.

Tours Inspire Problem-Solving

The pre-event tours included visits to testing facility, Microbac Laboratories, and innovation hub GE FirstBuild.

The Louisville office of Microbac Laboratories tests for the environmental and food sectors and is one of 32 locations, making the company the largest privately held laboratory group in the country. The tour included seeing the process from sample intake to active testing stations, as well as a look at filtration methods and filters commonly used in the lab.

GE FirstBuild is an innovation hub for the global appliance company. They identify and prototype new product ideas for GE. What is unique is the way they test product ideas through crowdsourcing, such as in the Sourdough Sidekick campaign (above). The inventors identify a need among consumers and then engage with likely users to evaluate the products viability and design prototype. Consumers can pre-buy the appliance at a discount, and if the amount raised meets or exceeds a pre-determined amount, like $250K, then the appliance goes into mass production. This center also serves as a community workshop and resource hub for other inventors.

See www.afssociety.org for plans for FILTCON 2026.

Adil Dhalla

Dibakar Bhattacharyya

Caryn Smith

Caryn Smith

Camfil Strengthens Global Footprint with New Presence in Nepal

Camfil has broadened its global operations by establishing a presence in Nepal, marking a significant milestone in its mission to deliver clean air solutions worldwide.

Rahul Kapoor, Managing Director of Camfil India, shared his thoughts on the development: “Nepal offers exciting potential across a number of sectors, including healthcare, pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, data centers, and hospitality. With growing awareness around air quality and its impact on health and productivity, Camfil’s solutions will play an important role in helping organizations achieve high indoor air quality standards. This initiative supports our belief that clean air should be a basic human right.”

As part of the market entry phase, Camfil’s team connected with key stakeholders in Nepal, highlighting the importance of clean air and introducing its cutting-edge air filtration technologies. In Nepal, Camfil’s offering will include Comfort Air Filtration, Clean Process Solutions, Indoor Air Quality Management, Molecular Contamination Control, and Air Pollution Control.

To ensure strong local support and service delivery, Camfil has partnered with an authorized distributor in Nepal to supply its world-class air filtration products and services. Reflecting on the company’s strategic focus in the region, Jayant Kaushal, Deputy President (APAC), said: “Camfil’s expansion into Nepal is a clear sign of our commitment to advancing air quality solutions across South Asia. As India moves forward with the adoption of IS 17570:2021/ISO 16890:2016 standards, this growth enables us to support industries and communities throughout the region even more effectively.” www.camfil.com

Mativ Appoints Shruti Singhal as President and CEO

Mativ Holdings, Inc., announced the appointment of Shruti Singhal, current member of Mativ’s Board of Directors, as President and Chief Executive Officer, effective immediately. Singhal succeeds Julie Schertell, who has stepped down as President and Chief Executive Officer, and as a director.

Singhal brings extensive expertise leading transformations through strong operational and commercial execution, profitability initiatives, and driving innovation. He previously served as CEO of Galata Chemicals and Chroma Color and has held roles of increasing responsibility at global businesses including DSM, General Cable, Solenis, Ashland, The Dow Chemical Company, Rohm and Haas, Cognis (now BASF) and Henkel.

Singhal holds an MS in Chemical Engineering from Drexel University, a BS in Chemical Engineering and completed the Global Marketing Management Program at The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. www.mativ.com

Grundfos Joins Water Resilience Coalition

Grundfos, a world leader in pumping solutions and water technology, announced that it is joining the Water Resilience Coalition – a CEO-led initiative driving corporate action on water stress.

The Water Resilience Coalition is an initiative of the CEO Water Mandate, a partnership between the Pacific Institute and the United Nations Global Compact. By 2030, the Coalition aims to unite a critical mass of companies to build water resilience in their operations and supply chains, while also investing in collective action to improve water resilience in 100 Priority Basins, the most water-stressed basins in the world.

The Water Resilience Coalition now has 40 leading companies as members, collectively representing a market capitalization exceeding $5 trillion. www.grundfos.com

p Sujit Kumar CEO, Cheface pvt ltd, Bigyan Lohani, Director, Cheface pvt ltd, Rahul Kapoor, MD, Camfil India and Rouble Munjal, Head Marketing, Camfil India. Camfil

p Shruti Singhal

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Cleanova Acquires Micronics

Cleanova, a leading manufacturer of filtration systems, announced that it is acquiring the Micronics Engineered Filtration Group. Headquartered in Killarney, Ireland, Cleanova is a leading clean-tech manufacturer of consumable, mission-critical, and engineered industrial filtration systems, helping customers ensure the reliability and efficiency of their industrial processes while protecting the environment.

Based in Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA, Micronics is a leading clean-tech manufacturer of filter media, industrial filtration systems, and provider of a broad range of expert field services, delivering customized liquid and air filtration solutions to meet demanding requirements across a variety of industrial applications. Micronics’ solutions help customers operate reliable processes, improve efficiencies, decrease operating costs, and contribute to environmental protection globally.

Cleanova operates under six leading filtration brands to customers, including Allied Filter Systems, Dollinger, Plenty, Vokes, Sidco, and Shawndra. Micronics’s portfolio of leading industrial filtration brands includes Micronic, SOLAFT, AFT, NFM, Filterfab, SFM, CPE, UPC, Action Filtration, and AeroPulse.

Both companies have built strong reputations for their innovation, quality, and customer service. Their missions and visions closely align, with a continual journey towards industry-leading filtration solutions, placing customers at the heart of decision-making. www.cleanova.com

ResinTech Expands Camden Facility with $10 Million Investment

ResinTech has expanded its headquarters and manufacturing facility in Camden, New Jersey, by 30,000 square feet. The $10 million investment supports both infrastructure expansion and advanced process enhancements and is aligned with ResinTech’s commitment to quality and continuous improvement. Through their made-in-the-USA promise, the company not only meets – but exceeds – the highest quality standards for all its premium resin products.

The newly engineered processes will boost domestic ion exchange resin production by 30% in 2025 compared to 2024. With this increased capacity and high-performance filtration media, customers can solve their most complicated water problems across municipal, residential, industrial, groundwater, wastewater, and other markets. This strategic investment also reinforces ResinTech’s commitment to solving modern contamination challenges, including the removal of PFAS, lead, and pharmaceuticals. www.resintech.com

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