News 01/2014

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CENTRO DOCUMENTALE - ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI News pag. 1 - 4

Sommario

Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Forestry” pag. 5 - 6 Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Fisheries and Aquaculture” pag. 7 - 11 Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Environment and Natural Resources Management” pag. 12 Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Agriculture” pag. 13 Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Food and Nutrition” pag. 14 - 15 Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Biotechnology and statistic” pag. 16 Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Plant protection” pag. 17 - 18 Recensioni “FAO Repository Library - Climate change” pag. 19

Responsabile: Luigi Sisto A cura di: Giuseppe Inchingolo Wanda Occhialini Silvana Carelli Progetto grafico ed impaginazione: Fabio La Notte

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The right to e‐read - An e-book policy for libraries in Europe The digital era is a challenge and an opportunity for today's society. On the internet, there are new and innovative ways of providing, creating and distributing content, new ways in which to generate value and to establish a well-educated European knowledge society, which is a precondition for competitiveness and prosperity.

However, the current situation is characterised by uncertainty. Before consumers can legally purchase an e-book online, they are required to sign a ten-page agreement containing terms and conditions of the licence, consumer organisations sue e-book publishers, e-book publishers refuse to sell e-books to libraries and so opportunities are lost!

We need an updated, modern copyright framework! An updated, modern copyright framework would eliminate this uncertainty, and guarantee effective recognition and remuneration of authors and other rights holders. It would also increase user access to ebooks, and enable them, within the law, to enjoy and benefit from the e- books provided by libraries.

European citizens have the right to e-read!

They should benefit from this right in libraries.

It should therefore be possible for libraries to legally lend e-books. Libraries guarantee free access to content, information, and culture for all European citizens. But the current legal framework prevents libraries from fulfilling these essential services to our society in the digital era, especially in regard to the provision of e-books.

1. Because of the exhaustion of distribution rights after the first sale, a library may buy published works, e.g. books, from a bookseller and use the copies for lending to the library's patrons. This does not interfere with the rights

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of the author (or other rights holders).The library therefore decides in accordance with its collection building policy what books to buy and use for public lending.

2. In their interpretation of the copyright, publishers claim that e-lending is a service to which the principle of exhaustion does not apply. They believe that rights holders are free to decide whether they want to give access to a specific work, and to decide on the terms and conditions for such access. Should this interpretation prevail, this would mean that publishers, and not librarians, primarily decide on digital collections in libraries.

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It is a significant, and in our view unacceptable, change that the collection building policy of libraries might be decided by publishers. This would mean that libraries would no longer be able to guarantee free access to content, information, and culture for European citizens.

4. In July 2012, the European Court of Justice ruled that the principle of exhaustion concerning the purchase of software applies to both electronic downloads as well as physical media. Some legal experts say that, with this ruling, the principle of exhaustion also applies to e-books. Several test cases are now before the courts. It will take several years for the European Court of Justice to come to a judgment.

5. This legal uncertainty seriously prevents libraries from building attractive e-books services for the public and furthermore from developing workable legal offers to the benefit of all stakeholders. http://www.eblida.org/News/

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Advocacy and Lobbying for libraries in Europe Since 1992, EBLIDA's main goal is to lobby for libraries in Europe.

EBLIDA lobbies to defend and promote the interests of the library, archive and information sectors and professionals in Europe, mainly following the policy agenda of the European Commission.

The lobbying efforts of EBLIDA operate in two ways: l Influencing the European and International institutions and organisations; l Providing support to national member organisations.

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Influencing European Institutions and officials and achieving positive results is not a straightforward task.

There are many possibilities for action, but often a combined effort is required to achieve a successful outcome. EBLIDA acts mainly through its Secretariat, headed by the Director, who is responsible for the management of relations with the European Institutions and international organisations.

Strategy, partnerships in focus at BSLA regional convening for associations in Africa The first regional convening as part of IFLA's expanded Building Strong Library Associations programme was held February 11-14 2014 in Kumasi, Ghana.

Matilda Amissah-Arthur, wife of the Vice-President of Ghana, emphasized the critical role of libraries in reducing poverty on the continent, the need for an informed, literate citizenry and the support that libraries can provide to access information, and in building information literacy skills during the opening ceremony which was widely reported in local media. IFLA Secretary General, Jennefer Nicholson introduced the BSLA programme and IFLA's work on cultural heritage, the digital agenda, development, and the important role of associations in supporting and advocating for strong library communities.

As regards members, it is EBLIDA's commitment to encourage, inspire and support their national lobbying actions, providing the necessary alerts and background information when action is required towards a certain policy goal.

It is crucial for EBLIDA's lobbying activities that statements and Position Papers in relation to a certain subject, are carefully prepared, issued and disseminated, in order to maintain and develop institutional and political relations.

In 2009, EBLIDA together with NAPLE proposed a Library policy for Europe (also known as the Vienna Declaration). A unified Europe, offering equal rights and opportunities for all its citizens, needs a common European library policy in order to ensure equal and unrestricted access to information, education and culture for all European citizens.

At the joint conference of EBLIDA and the NAPLE Forum, held in Vienna in May 2009, it was agreed to strengthen the role and potential of the library service throughout Europe in supporting the European Knowledge Society.

Accordingly EBLIDA is working with strategic partners on the basis of the Vienna Declaration to move towards a Library Policy for Europe.

Following that path, EBLIDA continued in 2012 with a position paper "European Libraries and the challenges of e-publishing" released during the joint conference EBLIDA and NAPLE forum held in Copenhagen (Denmark) in May 2012.

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45 people representing IFLA, 16 national associations, regional associations AHILA (Association for Health Information and Libraries in Africa) and AfLIA (African Library and Information Associations and Institutions) participated in workshops and activities on association governance and strategy. Issues from the need to build partnerships and coalitions, to developing professional development programmes for librarians, and advocacy for libraries as part of national development agendas were raised, and associations discussed strategies at the national and regional level to address them.

The convening revealed the diversity of associations across the continent: some have or will align their strategy work to clearly demonstrate the contribution of libraries to national development (South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana), offering advocacy for public libraries (Ghana), holding symposia and conferences (Namibia, Kenya) and working with partners so that libraries can improve public access to ICT (Namibia). At the regional level, the newly-created AfLIA has ambitions to represent the whole continent at important development fora for the benefit of all libraries and their users in Africa. To achieve these objectives, associations will work to strengthen

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Botswana Library Association, and ABADCAM Cameroon, which participated in the initial two-year country projects under BSLA shared updates from their work which has continued in the two years since the conclusion of those projects - memberships have continued to grow, and both are taking a stronger advocacy role in working with Ministries of Culture and Education to promote the importance of quality library services. These associations are now supporting other associations in the region through experience sharing, mentoring, and supporting upcoming project proposals.

Associations were introduced to content and training from across the BSLA programme during the convening, and will be invited to submit project proposals in the coming months for implementation until 2016. Projects can include workshops at existing conferences, collaborations between national associations, or other activities utilising BSLA materials to help associations achieve the objectives set for their association during the convening.

The meeting was hosted at the campus of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, in Kumasi, Ghana by IFLA, African Library and Information Associations and Institutions, and Ghana Library Association. For more information about the

BSLA programme.

IFLA's successful Building Strong Library Associations (BSLA) programme will be expanded through a series of convenings and projects at the regional level in Africa, Asia and Oceania, and Latin America and the Caribbean from 2014.

Latin America and Caribbean Convening: S達o Paulo, Brazil, 24-27 March 2014 Brazilian Federation of Associations of Librarians, Scientists of the Information and Institutions (FEBAB) and Universidade de S達o Paulo will host the Latin America and Caribbean Convening from 2427 March 2014 in S達o Paulo, Brazil. IFLA invites national and regional (members in more than one country) library associations in the Latin America and Caribbean region to apply to participate in the convening.

The convening will include workshops, practical activities and project planning. Materials will be delivered from the BSLA programme, as well as IFLA's advocacy initiatives. The convening will be a very interactive meeting involving presentations, group work, discussions, and practical activities to take back to national associations to implement at the national or regional level. The meeting language will be Spanish and Portuguese.

During the convening, associations will identify their own needs for further activities and development, identify needs in the region, and form action plans for implementation.

Participants will assess their association's and the region's priorities and understand opportunities for follow-up activities and project funding.

Participating associations will play different roles during the convening - sharing experiences and strategies with others, and benefiting from an opportunity to learn from other associations in their region.

Up to 10 associations will be selected to participate in the convening. At least two people will be selected from each association.

Follow-up activities and project funding After the convenings, participating associations will be

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their membership, representation, partnerships and profile over the coming years.

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invited to apply for project funding. These projects could include support to: « Implement BSLA workshops and activities at existing events eg national and regional library association conferences; « Deliver projects in-country, such as a series of BSLA workshops and activities; « Implement IFLA advocacy projects or policies; «​ Undertake projects bringing together a smaller number of associations in the region to form alliances or partnerships in pursuit of advocacy goals.

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Associations will have several opportunities to apply for project funds between 2014-2016, as needs and priorities evolve.

Expected outcomes To build a strong library sector that benefits society, associations need a strong foundation in representation, governance, organisational development and strategy.

The long-term goal of the programme is to build the foundation for library associations to assist their work in representing the interests of library users, telling the story of libraries and gaining policymaker support and partnership.

The convening and follow-up activities will: « Reinforce inter-country networks and expertise to support development in the regions; « Increase understanding and adoption of IFLA policies and manifestos to support high quality library and information services; « Promote strong, credible associations that effectively represent the sector through improved leadership, governance, partnerships and membership; « Provide a foundation for sustained development and advocacy.

Selection process for the convening The selection committee will comprise members of the IFLA ALP committee, and representatives from the regions where the convenings will take place.

Applications will be shortlisted by the selection committee against the selection criteria. A member of the selection committee may contact applicants where they need to clarify any part of an application.

Selection criteria 1.Readiness to carry out development: the library and broader social/political/economic environment is receptive to library development; 2.Ability to build capacity: The Association has the capacity to implement action plans and projects.

Applicants are selected for success and likely impact.

Additionally, each participant representing their

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association should have: « Demonstrated, current active leadership within their

national or regional association; together with standing and influence within the profession at a national and/or regional level; « A depth of understanding of issues that have a current or expected impact on the library and information services sector on a national and regional level; « The ability to use their knowledge and experience to develop the capacity of their Association after the convening; « Proven ability to build networks and professional relationships; « Proven ability for creative thinking and innovative ideas; results motivation; « Strong written and oral communication skills.

Guidance for completing your application Download and complete the application form [Word Document] 1. All applications should be submitted by a national or regional (members in more than one country) library association; 2. Persons nominated to attend the convening must be in a position to represent the Association and effectively participate in the meeting and lead follow-up activities; 3. Applications may be submitted in Spanish or English language.

Submitting your application All project applications and attachments should be submitted by 29 January 2014 to alp@ifla.org Contact For further information about the BSLA Programme or the Convening, contact IFLA Manager Member Services and Development, Fiona Bradley

Publication donation to MAIB Alumni Network (FTN) from our former student (Zhifang LI (China) Former student of Master course on Mediterranean Organic Agriculture, academic year 2000-2002) Li Zhifang has Translated: “Water Resources of Mediterranean–Main Challenges Towards 21st ”by Atef Hamdy and Cosimo Lacirignola, into Chinese in 2008 and published in China by Agriculture Science and Technique Publishing Company.

ISBN：9787802337084

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State of Mediterranean Forests 2013 / Ravenel Hugues, Rojas-Briales Eduardo. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - ix, 174 p. - 30 cm.

Forest ecosystems and other wooded lands are an important component of landscapes in the Mediterranean region, contributing significantly to rural development, poverty alleviation and food security. They are sources of wood, cork, energy, food and incomes, and they provide important ecosystem services such as biodiversity conservation, soil and water protection, recreation and carbon storage. They are crucial for many of the region's economic sectors, such as food supply, agriculture, soil and water conservation, drinking water supply, tourism and energy. Global changes (changes in societies, lifestyles and climate) strongly affect the Mediterranean region. If unmanaged, such changes could lead to the loss of biodiversity, an increased risk of wildfire, the degradation of watersheds, and desertification, with serious consequences for the sustainable provision of forest goods and ecosystem services. It is therefore urgent to develop a tool for information and monitoring in order to regularly assess these changes and to communicate based on objective and reliable data with the different stakeholders involved in the management of Mediterranean forest ecosystems. With this in mind, the members of the Committee on Mediterranean Forestry Questions-Silva Mediterranea requested FAO, at a meeting held in April 2010 in Antalya, Turkey, to prepare a report on the state of Mediterranean forests. FAO subsequently drafted terms of reference for the preparation of this first State of Mediterranean Forests (SoMF). It was agreed to use already-available data collected by regional and international institutions in the context of other environmental assessment processes, such as the state of the environment and development in the Mediterranean process (Plan Bleu, 2009) and FAO's five-yearly Global Forest Resources Assessment (FAO, 2010). It was also proposed that the production of the report would be a collaborative effort involving national, regional and international institutions for the writing of several chapters. The proposed approach and structure of the first State of Mediterranean Forests was presented and formally approved by member states at the 21st session of the Committee on Mediterranean Forestry Questions-Silva Mediterranea, held in Antalya in February 2012.

Under the coordination of Plan Bleu and FAO, scientific institutions (EFIMED in Barcelona, JRC/ EFFIS in ISPRA, INRA in Avignon, Centre for Agricultural Research in Arezzo ...), technical institutions (Mediterranean Institute on Cork, Haut Commissariat aux eaux et forêts et à la lutte contre la désertification, Centre technologic forestal de Catalunya, Office national des forêts in France and Corpo Forestale dello Stato in Italy ...) and non-governmental organizations (Mediterranean Model Forests Network, Association internationale forêts méditerranéennes, and the Mediterranean offices of the World Wildlife Fund and the International Union for Conservation of Nature) contributed to this first State of Mediterranean Forests. It was also decided that this first edition of State of Mediterranean Forests would be an opportunity to analyze data gaps and suggest improvements for future data collection under the various environmental assessment processes. We are indeed aware that this first edition of State of Mediterranean Forests can be improved. For example, the national reports submitted to FAO for the 2010 Global Forest Resources Assessment generally did not capture information specific to Mediterranean forests, which is particularly an issue for countries such as France, Italy and Spain that have large areas of both Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean forests.

National Forest Funds (NFFs) : towards a solid architecture and good financial governance / Christian Held, Jochen Statz, Annika Keil. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - vi, 30 p. - 30 cm. - (Forestry Financing Working ; 16).

The recent forest financing study by the Advisory Group on Finance (AGF) of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) noted increased interest among countries to establish and effectively manage national forest funds to support sustainable forest management. National forest funds, in their most basic form, are designed to set aside a portion of national revenues for forestry purposes and exist for more than a single government budget cycle. While in some cases they were established as part of the national forest programmes, in others they were constituted as windows under national environment funds. Despite their existence in more than 50 countries, and their increased importance in recent years, currently, there is little information on their use or on potential ways and means of improving their functioning. This working paper endeavours to address this gap. It is the outcome of a joint initiative by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and aims to improve our understanding of this institutional mechanism and of the frameworks within which they are established. After describing the key elements of national forest funds, it discusses a set of elements that serve as a starting point for developing a fund performance assessment methodology. Drawing on some practical experiences of countries operating national forest funds, it illustrates how different funds can be compared and evaluated. In times of tight public budgets, there is a growing need to ensure that public investments are of “good value for money” and that international finance (e.g. ODA, climate finance) is translated into national action in the best way. This requires not only efficient and effective resource allocation and usage, but also having in place appropriate monitoring and evaluation tools and ensuring an overall robust financial architecture and good governance mechanisms.

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Mountain Farming is Family Farming : A contribution from mountain areas to the International Year of Family Farming 2014 / edited by Susanne Wymann von Dach ‌ [et al.].

Rome : FAO, c2013. - 99 p. - 30 cm.

Mountain farming takes many forms - forms as diverse as the world's mountain landscapes – yet largely remains family farm- ing. These mountain farming activities have traditionally fed and supported individual households although, today, they have begun to expand increasingly toward global markets. Yet, mountain farmers still tend to be driven by familial, cultural and ecological values rather than solely profit maximization. This publication, featuring 25 case studies from across the mountain landscapes, gives an overview of the global changes affecting mountain farming and the strategies that mountain communities have developed to cope. Each study also presents a set of lessons and recommendations, meant to inform and benefit mountain communities, policy-makers, development experts and academics who work to support mountain farmers and to protect mountains. Enabling mountain communities to learn from each other's experiences and gather inspirational ideas from around the world will help enhance their resilience. The United Nations General Assembly has proclaimed 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming. Thus, the Mountain Partnership Secretariat in collaboration with several Mountain Partnership members presents this publication for this Interna- tional Year to shed light on the merits and challenges of family farming in mountains.

Strengthening Forest Tenure Systems and Governance : training module for facilitators. Rome : FAO, c2013. - xi, 64 p. - 30 cm.

Forest management worldwide has undergone substantial changes over the past decades, including a gradual move away from state forest control towards participatory and local forest management.

Ownership and access to forest resources, initially state-dominated, are becoming more diversified, allowing a wider range of actors to participate in forest management. This shift characterizes ongoing forest tenure reform processes. Tenure reform involves changes to regulatory frameworks and governance, which require key stakeholders, including government officials, to adopt new and different roles in forest management, roles for which they frequently have little training or experience. At the same time, communities, smallholders and individuals are often unaware of their rights and responsibilities, and how these can be exercised effectively for tangible benefits. Under the framework of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT) which were endorsed by the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) in 2012, and based on the forest tenure reform guidelines developed by FAO in 2011, this training module will provide practical guidance for people involved in forest tenure reforms and those reflecting on the effectiveness of existing tenure systems. The module is meant to complement existing training modules produced by FAO and other organizations. It focuses on strengthening specific competences to help key stakeholders advance forest tenure reform in line with the guiding principles.The module also demonstrates the challenges involved in strengthening forest tenure, and introduces some tools for addressing them. The training revolves around the following milestones for strengthening forest tenure systems and governance: a thorough analysis and in-depth understanding of existing tenure systems to serve as a foundation for developing strategies to strengthen tenure reform initiatives; identification of stakeholders and their perspectives on needs for tenure reform through participatory appraisal with forest users and government officials (national and local levels); assessment of tenure governance arrangements and practices within the framework of internationally accepted good practices and arrangements; complete agenda and action plans for strengthening forest tenure systems and governance.

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Implementing improved tenure governance in fisheries : a technical guide to support the implementation of the voluntary guidelines on the responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests in the context of national food security. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - ix, 71 p. - 30 cm.

This Guide has been developed to assist in the implementation of the VGGT with regard to fisheries in marine and inland waters. It explains the characteristics of the fisheries sector and provides technical guidance. Its purpose is to contribute to the achievement of the VGGT objectives in respect of the improvement of governance of tenure in fisheries. Special attention is given to small-scale fisheries, considering the sectors particular importance to food security and nutrition, poverty eradication, equitable development and sustainable resource utilization (see Box 2). Many smallscale fishing communities are vulnerable and marginalized and, hence, represent the people who are at the core of the VGGT remit. The Guide is directed to those in governments and other organizations who are involved in issues related to governance of tenure in fisheries and in areas where fishing communities are settled or where they carry out activities supporting their livelihoods. The target audience thus includes in particular relevant staff of fisheries and other government agencies and regional organizations but also the private sector and civil society organizations (CSO5). Part 1 of the Guide provides explanations with regard to important concepts for understanding tenure in fisheries. This part is of particular relevance to those who are not familiar with the fisheries sector.

Part 2 discusses approaches for how to implement responsible tenure in fisheries and is directed to those who are tasked with implementing the VGGT in the fisheries sector and for the benefit of small-scale fishing communities. Governance in fisheries with respect to rights to fishery resources (access to fishing) is a subject on which there is already considerable literature and guidance available. While attempting to give an accurate overview of the subject matter, this Guide focuses on issues of concern with regard to tenure in the context of livelihoods of vulnerable and marginalized groups. References to more in-depth information and specialized literature that readers are invited to consult along with this document are provided, as applicable. It should be noted that the term fishery resources in this document includes other aquatic animals or plants that are fished or harvested. However, while it is recognized that there are often important linkages between aquaculture and fisheries, the Guide focuses on the capture fisheries sector.

Report of the FAO Workshop on Bycatch Management and Low-impact Fishing : Kuwait City, the State of Kuwait, 9 - 12 December 2012. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - v, 113 p. - 30 cm. (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report ; 1041).

The Workshop on Bycatch Management and Low-impact Fishing held in Kuwait City, the State of Kuwait, on 9–12 December 2012 was convened to develop the concept of a Regional Action Plan on how bycatch can be more effectively managed and to reduce impacts of fishing on the environment. The meeting reviewed the current knowledge on bycatch in the Regional Commission for Fisheries (RECOFI) / Gulf Cooperation Council region and considered priority follow-up action. The workshop adopted a draft concept document in the form of a Regional Action Plan for managing the environmental impacts of fishing in the RECOFI region. Workshop participants agreed that the primary objective a regional action plan was to ensure the long- term livelihoods of those involved in the fisheries sector through the adoption of responsible fishing practices and that elements of the plan should interalia: (i) prioritize responsible fishing through embedding the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) in relevant national policies, (ii) minimize the impact of trawling on the sensitive habitats and reduce the impact on vulnerable species, both target and non-target, (iii) provide a rational approach to fleets for reducing bycatch, discards and gear loss, (iv) adopt a comprehensive approach that recognizes the differing environmental, economic and social conditions of the various fisheries within the region, (v) raise awareness, train and incentivize stakeholders about sustainable fishing Workshop participants also agreed that the stages of the regional action plan should include as a priority: a regional analysis and diagnosis followed by action implementation.

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Rapport de la Consultation technique sur la conduite de l'État du pavillon : Rome, 2-6 mai 2011, 5-9 mars 2012 et 4-8 février 2013. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - iii, 46 p. - 30 cm. - (FAO Rapport sur les pêches et l'aquaculture ; 1046).

Ce document présente le rapport de la Consultation technique sur la conduite de l'État du pavillon.

La Consultation s'est tenue au Siège de la FAO, à Rome, en trois sessions (2-6 mai 2011, 5-9 mars 2012 et 4-8 février 2013). Elle a été convoquée par le Directeur général de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, conformément à la recommandation formulée par le Comité des pêches de la FAO à sa vingt-huitième session. La Consultation technique a mis au point les Directives volontaires pour la conduite de l'État du pavillon. Elle a été financée par les gouvernements du Canada, des États-Unis d'Amérique, de la Norvège et de la Nouvelle Zélande, ainsi que par la Commission européenne.

The vulnerability of fishing-dependent economies to disasters / M.C. Badjeck … [et al.]. Rome : FAO, c2013. - 19 p. - 30 cm. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture ; 1081).

This circular examines the vulnerability of fishing-dependent communities to natural disasters. The objective was to identify countries that are particularly vulnerable to disasters but also those that are less resilient. Fisheries and fishing-dependent people are often located in places that are at particularly high risk of extreme events such as flooding, cyclones, and tsunamis, while inland fisheries can be significantly affected by droughts and floods. In addition to the tragic loss of life, disasters can have direct impacts on livelihoods such as destruction of gear, infrastructure and productive assets, such as boats, landing sites, and post-harvesting facilities. Indirect impacts can also be important through disruption to markets and through reducing harvesting capacity and access to markets, food supply and employment, thereby affecting both local livelihoods and the overall economy. The circular concludes that the fishery sectors of African and Southeast Asian countries are most vulnerable to disasters, according to both frequency and mortality exposure indicators, fishery-dependence, and capacity to adapt. Recommendations are made with respect to strengthening understanding of vulnerability measurement.

Expanding mariculture farther offshore : Technical, environmental, spatial and governance challenges : FAO Technical Workshop, 22-25 March 2010, Orbetello, Italy / edited by A. Lovatelli, J. Aguilar-Manjarrez, D. Soto. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - 73 p. - 30 cm. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings ; 24).

This document contains the proceedings of the technical workshop entitled “Expanding mariculture: technical, environmental, spatial and governance challenges”, held from 22 to 25 March 2010, in Orbetello, Italy, and organized by the Aquaculture Branch of the Fisheries and Aquaculture Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

The objective of this workshop was to discuss the growing need to increasingly transfer land-based and coastal aquaculture production systems farther off the coast and provide recommendations for action to FAO, governments and the private sector. The workshop experts proposed general “operational criteria” for defining mariculture activities in three broad categories: (i) coastal mariculture, (ii) off the coast mariculture and (iii) offshore mariculture. Offshore mariculture is likely to offer significant opportunities for food production and development to many coastal countries, especially in regions where the availability of land, nearshore space and freshwater are limited resources.

Mariculture is also recognized as a relevant producer of the protein that the global population will need in the coming decades. It is likely that species with the highest production today, such as salmon, will initially drive the development of offshore mariculture. Nevertheless, the workshop agreed that additional efforts are necessary to define optimal species and improve efforts in the development and transfer of technologies that can facilitate offshore mariculture development. The workshop discussions and reviews indicate large potential for the development of offshore mariculture although more detailed assessments are needed to determine the regions and countries that are most promising for development. It is also recommended that efforts be increased to farm lower trophic levels species and optimize feeds and feeding in order to minimize ecosystems impacts and ensure long-term sustainability. Similarly, risk assessments and/or environmental impact assessment and monitoring must always be in place before establishing offshore farms, and permanent environmental monitoring must be ensured. All coastal nations should be prepared to engage actively in developing the technological, legal and financial frameworks needed to support the future development of offshore mariculture to meet global food needs. The workshop report highlights the major opportunities and challenges for a sustainable mariculture industry to grow and further expand off the coast. In particular, the workshop recommended that FAO should provide a forum through which the potential importance of the sea in future food production can be communicated to the public and specific groups of stakeholders and to support its Members and industry in the development needed to expand mariculture to offshore locations. The proceedings include the workshop report and an the accompanying CD–ROM containing six reviews covering technical, environmental, economic and marketing, policy and governance issues, and two case studies on highfin amberjack (Seriola rivoliana) offshore farming in Hawaii (the United States of America) and one on salmon farming in Chile.

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Mesures de sécurité recommandées pour les navires de pêche pontés d'une longueur inférieure à 12 mètres et les navire de pêche non pontés. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - xi, 263 p. - 30 cm.

Les présentes mesures de sécurité recommandées ont pour objet de fournir des renseignements sur la conception, la construction et l'équipement des navires de pêche de faibles dimensions, ainsi que la formation et la protection de leurs équipages en vue de promouvoir la sécurité des navires et la sauvegarde et la santé des équipages. Elles peuvent également servir de guide dans le cadre des activités aquacoles. Elles ne visent pas à remplacer les lois et règlements nationaux mais elles peuvent servir de guide à tous ceux qui s'intéressent à la mise au point de telles lois et de tels règlements nationaux. Sauf indication contraire, les dispositions des présentes mesures recommandées sont censées s'appliquer aux navires pontés neufs d'une longueur inférieure à 12 mètres et aux navires non pontés neufs destinés à être exploités en mer (océans, rivières, fleuves, lacs, lacs de retenue et toute étendue d'eau). Toutefois, même en l'absence d'indication contraire, l'autorité compétente devrait, dans la mesure où cela est raisonnable et possible dans la pratique, envisager d'appliquer les présentes dispositions aux navires existants.

Socio-Economic Analysis of the Lebanese Fishing Fleet : Scientific and Institutional Cooperation to Support Responsible Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean / D. Pinello, M. Dimech. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - vii, 78 p. - 30 cm.

This study was implemented after the EastMed 2nd co-ordination meeting on the 5-6th April, Antalya, Turkey (EastMed 2012), where the participants agreed to have a preliminary assessment of the economic situation of the Lebanese fisheries sector. In order to undertake such an assessment an economic survey based on direct interviews was conducted from March to May 2012. The study was split up into two phases. In the first phase the information on the technical characteristics of the most recent fleet was obtained. This was then followed by the second and main phase which included the socio- economic sample survey and the socio-economic analysis. The licensed fishing fleet of 2011 was stratified according to the GFCM task I fleet segmentation, after which the population of vessels was randomly sampled and direct interviews based on a questionnaire were conducted. The results showed that in general the Lebanese fishing fleet is making a profit of about 24% of the revenue which is comparable to other fleets in the Mediterranean of similar characteristics. It is a family based fishery, where the owners of the vessels, are directly involved in the fishing activity, with the assistance of family members, there is a non aging fishers' population, and a low level of education. The income per fisher-owner (7,400 USD) and fisher (3,000 USD) is 20% and 70% respectively less than the national GDP per capita, furthermore a fisher earns about 25% less than the minimum wage of the country. In this respect the fishers in Lebanon are present in both the lower-middle class (fisher-owners) and the lower class (fisher), where the latter are part of the poorest section of society. The auction market is the main channel used to sell the product, however the whole value chain should be studied in more detail. The salaries of the fishers should be increased by increasing the revenue and this can be accomplished either by increasing the prices or the quantity of production. The latter seems to be a more plausible solution and can be achieved by improving the sustainable exploitation of the stocks and exploring the possibility to exploit new fishing grounds such as the deep water grounds (> 200 m) and offshore waters for large pelagic species.

Fish identification tools for biodiversity and fisheries assessments : Review and guidance for decision-makers / edited by Johanne Fischer. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - viii, 107 p. - 30 cm. (FAO Fisheries and Agriculture Technical Paper ; 585).

This review provides an appraisal of existing, state-of-the-art fish identification (ID) tools (including some in the initial stages of their development) and shows their potential for providing the right solution in different real-life situations. The ID tools reviewed are: Use of scientific experts (taxonomists) and folk local experts, taxonomic reference collections, image recognition systems, field guides based on dichotomous keys; interactive electronic keys (e.g. IPOFIS), morphometrics (e.g. IPez), scale and otolith morphology, genetic methods (Single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] and Barcode [BOLl) and Hydroacousttcs. The review is based on the results and recommendations of the workshop “Fish Identification Tools for Fishery Biodiversity and Fisheries Assessments”, convened by FAQ FishFinder and the University of Vigo and held in Vigo, Spain, from 11 to 13 October 2011. It is expected that it will help fisheries managers, environmental administrators and other end users to select the best available species identification tools for their purposes.

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Public Health Risks of Histamine and other Biogenic Amines from Fish and Fishery Products.

- Rome : FAO, c2013. - x, 126 p. - 26 cm.

Scombrotoxin fish poisoning (SFP), often called “histamine poisoning”, is caused by ingestion of certain species of marine fish with high levels of histamine and possibly other biogenic amines. In some parts of the world, SFP is a major cause of food-borne illness. The fish species involved contain high levels of free histidine in their tissue and include tuna and other pelagic species like mackerel, sardines, and anchovy. When these species are subjected to temperature abuse during and/or after harvest, bacterial decarboxylation of histidine leads to histamine formation. Other biogenic amines produced as a result of bacterial growth in fish may potentiate histamine's effect. Codex Alimentarius through its standards and guidelines aims to provide countries with tools to manage food safety issues such as histamine in fish. Together with guidance on good practices, different histamine limits have been established by Codex as indicators of decomposition and as indicators of hygiene and handling. However, many of these limits were established in a pre-risk assessment era and their scientific basis is unclear. As food safety management moves towards more risk- and evidence- based approaches, there is a need to review existing limits to ensure that they are scientifically based and take into account all the available evidence. At the request of Codex, FAO and WHO convened an expert meeting at the FAO headquarters in Rome from 23 – 27 July 2012 to address the public health risks of histamine and other biogenic amines from fish and fishery products. This report summarises the outcome of that meeting.

Le développement de l'aquaculture : L'utilisation des poissons sauvages comme aliment en aquaculture. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - xii, 89 p. - 21 cm. - (Directives techniques pour une pêche responsable de la FAO ; 5).

Ces directives techniques sur l'utilisation des poissons sauvages comme aliments aquacoles ont été développées en appui à l'Article 7 (Aménagement des pêcheries) et à l'Article 9 (Développement de l'aquaculture) du Code de conduite pour une pêche responsable de la FAO, et en particulier en appui des Articles 9.1.3, 9.1.4 et 9.4.3. Les objectifs des directives sont de contribuer au développement de l'aquaculture et l'utilisation durable des stocks des poissons fourrages. Les directives couvrent un certain nombre d'enjeux pertinents sur l'utilisation des poissons sauvages dans les aliments aquacoles, y compris les impacts sur les écosystèmes et l'environnement, les considérations éthiques sur l'utilisation responsable du poisson pour l'aliment, le développement et les technologies de l'aquaculture et les besoins des statistiques et d'informations pour la gestion du développement de l'aquaculture. Des questions spécifiques liées à la gestion des ressources de pêche qui peuvent être utilisées comme aliments sont brièvement considérées dans ces directives, comme elles ont été traitées en détail dans des directives séparées de la FAO concernant la gestion des pêches et qui, entre autre, s'appliquent également à la pêche des poissons fourrages. Les principes directeurs de ces directives techniques ont été développés et adoptés lors de l'Atelier des Experts de la FAO sur l'utilisation des poissons sauvages et/ou d'autres espèces aquatiques comme aliments dans l'aquaculture et ses implications sur la sécurité alimentaire et la lutte contre la pauvreté, du 16 au18 novembre 2007, à Kochi, en Inde.

Fisheries and aquaculture emergency response guidance : review recommendations for best practice : FAO Workshop, 15-16 March 2012, Rome / edited by Benjamin Cattermoul, David Brown, Florence Poulain. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - viii, 449 p. - 30 cm. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Proceedings ; 30).

This document contains the proceedings of the FAO workshop entitled “Fisheries and Aquaculture Emergency Response Guidance: Review Recommendations for Best Practice”, held from 15 to 16 March 2012 in Rome, Italy. Experts in the fields of fisheries and aquaculture policy and management, post-harvest practices and trade, fishing operations, environment and of social development and vulnerable groups contributed technical background papers relating to the challenge of responding to emergencies that affect the fisheries and aquaculture sector. Populations that depend on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods are threatened not only by natural hazards but also by human-induced events and other developments beyond their control.

Responding to an emergency situation in fisheries and aquaculture presents a range of complex issues. The demand for improved guidance for response and recovery in the fisheries and aquaculture sector was voiced by FAO partners including recently in a series of consultation meetings relating to disaster risk management held in 2009 and 2010 (FAO, 2010(a), FAO 2010 (b)). In response, FAO is leading a process to develop guidance for disaster response and recovery in fisheries and aquaculture. The fisheries and aquaculture emergency response guidance (the Guidance) will compile the best practice in disaster response and recovery for fisheries and aquaculture and in turn help to ensure that disaster response and recovery for fisheries and aquaculture is consistent with the Code of Conduct for Responsible

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Fisheries. The Guidance will support both the saving of lives and the saving of livelihoods through two key strategies: by assisting in the identification of the most appropriate fisheries and aquaculture interventions in emergencies; and by setting out the best practice and providing guidance notes for these interventions. In the process of developing the best practice and guidance, a team of experts were invited to identify best practice and guidance across a range of technical areas. This workshop was designed to provide the opportunity for discussions around the recommendations for best practice and how these could be presented in the form of guidance. This document consolidates the outcomes from these discussions and presentations in three areas: (i) the challenges to implementing best practice in an emergency context; (ii) the opportunities presented by the emergency context; and (iii) the recommendations for best practice as presented by each of the technical experts. In the closing session of the workshop, the challenges of bringing response efforts across the elements of fisheries and aquaculture to create coherent guidance were emphasized as was the need to take advantage of the opportunities presented by an emergency situation to make a contribution to long-term development by “building back better”. In supporting the use of the Guidance, the participants emphasized the importance of a programme that enables it to be disseminated in the most effective form for the target users.

Guidelines for the fisheries and aquaculture sector on damage and needs assessments in emergencies / edited by David Brown, Florence Poulain. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - viii, 114 p. - 26 cm.

In the last few decades, natural disasters have become more frequent and increasingly destructive.

Populations depending on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods are threatened, not only by natural hazards, but also by human-induced events beyond their control. Most small-scale fishers and fish workers live in developing countries and often face multiple problems that increase their vulnerability such as pollution, environmental degradation, overexploitation of resources, high levels of accidents at sea and conflicts with industrial fishing operations. Many coastal communities are especially at risk due to poverty and food insecurity. The particular characteristics of the fisheries sector and the livelihood context of small-scale fishers and fish farmers and their communities need to be clearly understood in order to be able to provide adequate disaster response in an emergency situation. An assessment of disaster impact is essential, not only for supporting the decision-making process before and during the immediate relief efforts, but also to set the basis for longer-term recovery planning. These guidelines have been developed with a wide range of partners to support post disaster damage and needs assessments in the fisheries and aquaculture sector . Aimed at those people who organize or carry out such assessments, the guidelines consist of a core document, which articulates the process and reporting requirements of post-disaster needs assessments supported by technical annexes that provide specific guidance relating to different aspects of fisheries and aquaculture.

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Environment and Natural Resources Management An Innovative Accounting Framework for the Food-Energy-Water Nexus : Application of the MuSIASEM approach to three case studies / Mario Giampietro ‌ [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - v, 81 p. - 30 cm. - (Environment and Natural Resources Management Working ; 56).

Human wellbeing relies upon the availability and wise management of food, energy and water.

These are basic production factors 'flowing' within the economic system and their management is important to maintain the ecosystem which regulates the conditions for life. The interconnections between these resources, what is usually called the food, energy and water nexus, make clear that the management of each of them cannot be considered in isolation but should be seen as part of an integrated system. These interconnections which exist not only among natural resources but also among different levels or scales of assessment, between local and global processes of resources use, and between social and economic aspects of a society, highlights the complex issues involved in addressing these challenges in ways that also make effective use of the possible changes resulting from new policies or new interventions. This report presents the results of the application of an integrated analysis approach, the Multi-Scale Integrated Assessment of Society and Ecosystem Metabolism (hereafter MuSIASEM), to three case studies: (i) An analysis of the option to produce biofuel from sugarcane in the Republic of Mauritius; (ii) An exploration of the future of grain production in the Indian state of Punjab; (iii) An assessment of two alternative energy sources to produce electricity in the Republic of South Africa. MuSIASEM, originally developed for analyzing the metabolic pattern of energy of modern society, is now extended to consider the energy-food-water nexus thus characterizing simultaneously the metabolic pattern of energy, food and water in relation to socio-economic and ecological variables. This challenge had not yet been addressed as such. The work in this project was focused on three objectives: 1. Developing and consolidating an integrated accounting method by implementing the MuSIASEM rationale to characterize simultaneously energy, food, and water flows and their interrelations for a complex system (society) interacting with its environment; 2. Application of the accounting method to three case studies, including data collection and analysis, with the aim to show its potential to assess (a) the desirability, viability and feasibility of the actual metabolism of socioeconomic systems (diagnosis) and (b) the feasibility of development scenarios and policy options (simulation) so as to generate usefulness quantitative analysis (integrated set of indicators) for governance; 3. Generation and presentation of the results in a user-friendly format. This report provides a summary of the final results and is organized in three sections: chapter 1 provides a general description of the multi-scale integrated assessment of society and ecosystem metabolism applied to the nexus-assessment; chapter 2 illustrates the application of the developed approach to the three case studies; and chapter 3 summarizes lessons learned in terms of strength and weakness of the proposed tool.

Bioslurry = Brown Gold? : A review of scientific literature on the co-product of biogas production / Lennart de Groot, Anne Bogdanski. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - 33 p. - 30 cm. (Environment and Natural Resources Management Working Paper ; 55).

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in anaerobic digestion of farm and household residues in many parts of the world. Smallholder biogas digesters and community biogas plants can be found all throughout Asia, but also progressively in Latin America and Africa. Anaerobic digestion produces two main outputs: biogas and bioslurry, the digestate or digester effluent. While biogas is used to produce energy, the potential of bioslurry has often been overlooked. A large part of both the scientific and grey literature focuses on the production of energy alone, but does not venture into the multiple uses and intricacies of bioslurry use. Technical organizations such as NGOs, extension services and local universities and, last but not least, smallholders themselves, are often not fully aware of the multiple benefits of bioslurry use, nor do they know of the risks associated with handling and applying it on their farm. This review therefore attempts to synthesize the findings of the growing peer-reviewed literature on bioslurry to provide a sound and scientific basis for bioslurry use. At the same time, it sets out to identify the various research gaps related to bioslurry.

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Approaches to linking producers to markets / Andrew W. Shepherd. - Rome : FAO, c2007. - x, 67 p. - 30 cm. - (Agricultural Management Marketing and Finance Occasional ; 13).

Supply chains are changing rapidly, with transactions increasingly based on chains that involve coordinated links between farmers, traders, processors and retailers. It is against this background that organizations working with farmers, such as donors, NGOs and government extension services (“linking organizations”), are seeking to promote farmer welfare by using the “linking farmers to markets” approach, which usually involves organizing farmers into groups to supply identified markets. This Occasional Paper examines experiences of linking farmers to markets, in order to reach some tentative conclusions regarding success factors. It considers examples of linkages promoted both by linking organizations and by the private sector without external support and then reviews in detail the linkage activities of the former. Emphasis is placed on markets chosen for linkages, on the capacity of the linking organizations, and on the relationship between the private sector, linking organizations and farmers. i\iutual trust between all actors in a chain is essential and the paper discusses how- such trust can be developed, linking farmers to new markets invariably involves farmers organizing into formal or informal groups. Experiences with group organization are reviewed, as is the question of finance. Problems faced by farmers in maintaining linkages are examined and sustainabilitv and scaling-up of linkage activities considered.

Broader issues also emerge. Working with farmers will have little impact if the enabling environment that governments provide is inappropriate for development of market linkages. A question that may merit research is whether linking organizations are actually increasing the size of the market or whether they arc just replacing one group of farmer suppliers with a new set of “target beneficiaries”. Finally, it needs to be asked whether the limited donor, NGO and government resources would be better channelled towards activities likely to benefit a larger number of farmers. The paper is aimed at staff of NGOs, both those working at the policy level and in the field; at donor organizations and the projects they support; and at ministry of agriculture policvmakers and extension services. It is hoped that it will also prove useful for private sector companies seeking to develop linkages with small farmers.

State of the art on the initiatives and activities relevant to risk assessment and risk management of nanotechnologies in the food and agriculture sectors : FAO/WHO technical paper. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - viii, 46 p. - 26 cm.

Following up on one of the recommendations of the 2009 FAO/WHO expert meeting, the present report reviews national and international activities on the risk analysis of nanomaterials in the food and agriculture sectors that have been carried out since the meeting. It presents national and international risk assessment and risk management approaches that identify and implement strategies to address potential hazards associated with the use of nanotechnology-related products or techniques.

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Food and Nutrition The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013 : The multiple dimensions of food security. Rome : FAO, c2013. - 52 p. - 30 cm.

The 2013 report of The State of Food Insecurity in the World updates progress towards the MDG and WFS hunger goals: globally, by region and by individual country. For developing regions as a whole, the latest assessment suggests that further progress has been made towards the 2015 MDG target.

The same progress, assessed against the more ambitious WFS goal, obviously appears much more modest. A total of 842 million people, or 12 percent of the world's population, were experiencing chronic hunger in 2011–13, 26 million fewer than the number reported last year and down from 1 015 million in 1990–92. The updated assessment also suggests that the MDG 2015 hunger goal remains within reach. With new estimates for the entire MDG horizon, the starting level for undernourishment in the 1990–92 base year was 23.6 percent in developing regions, implying an MDG target of 11.8 percent for 2015. Assuming that the average annual decline over the past 21 years continues to 2015, the prevalence of undernourishment in developing regions would approach 13 percent, a share slightly above the MDG target. With a final push in the next couple of years, we can still reach it. The 2013 report goes beyond measuring chronic food deprivation. It presents a broader suite of indicators that aims to capture the multidimensional nature of food insecurity, its determinants and outcomes. This suite, compiled for every country, allows a more nuanced picture of their food security status, guiding policy-makers in the design and implementation of targeted and effective policy measures that can contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. Drawing on the suite of indicators, the report also examines the diverse experiences of six countries. These experiences show that other forms of malnutrition can sometimes be more significant than undernourishment. In such circumstances, policy interventions to improve food security need to include nutrition-sensitive interventions in agriculture and the food system as a whole, as well as in public health and education, especially of women. Nutrition-focused social protection may need to target the most vulnerable, including pregnant women, adolescent girls and children. Policies aimed at enhancing agricultural productivity and increasing food availability, especially when smallholders are targeted, can achieve hunger reduction even where poverty is widespread. When they are combined with social protection and other measures that increase the incomes of poor families, they can have an even more positive effect and spur rural development, by creating vibrant markets and employment opportunities, resulting in equitable economic growth.

The state of food and agricolture 2013 : Food systems for better nutrition. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - 110 p. - 30 cm.

As the world debates the Post-2015 Development Agenda, we must strive for nothing less than the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. The social and economic costs of malnutrition are unconscionably high, amounting to perhaps $US3.5 trillion per year or $US500 per person globally. Maternal and child malnutrition still impose a larger burden than overweight and obesity, although the latter is increasing even in developing regions. The challenge for the global community, therefore, is to continue fighting hunger and undernutrition while preventing or reversing the emergence of obesity. This edition of The State of Food and Agriculture: Food systems for better nutrition makes the case that good nutrition begins with food and agriculture. Food systems around the world are diverse and changing rapidly. Food systems have become more industrial, commercial and global, unleashing processes of productivity growth, economic development and social transformation being felt around the world. These processes have profound implications for diets and nutritional outcomes. Commercialization and specialization in agricultural production, processing and retailing have enhanced efficiency throughout the food system and increased the year-round availability and affordability of a diverse range of foods for most consumers in the world. At the same time, concerns are mounting about the sustainability of current consumption and production patterns, and their implications for nutritional outcomes. Food systems must ensure that all people have access to a diverse range of nutritious foods and to the knowledge and information they need to make healthy choices. The contributions of food and agriculture to nutritional outcomes through production, prices and incomes are fundamental and must not be neglected, but food systems as a whole can contribute much more. This report identifies a number of specific actions that can be taken to improve the contribution of food systems to better nutrition. At the same time, reductions in food and nutrient losses throughout the food system can enhance both environmental sustainability and nutrition. Food system strategies for nutrition are often contrasted with those that rely on medically based interventions such as vitamin and mineral supplements. Although food supplements can address specific dietary deficiencies, a nutritious diet ensures that people get the whole complex of nutrients they need and thus is the only approach that addresses all forms of malnutrition. What is more, food system strategies further recognize the social, psychological and cultural benefits that come from enjoying a variety of foods. Malnutrition is a complex problem that requires integrated action across sectors, but good nutrition must begin with food and agriculture. This report helps point the way.

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Food Outlook : Biannual report on global food markets. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - 133 p. - 30 cm.

Milk dairy products in human nutrition / Ellen Muehlhoff, Anthony Bennett, Deirdre McMahon. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - xxvi, 376 p. - 26 cm.

Billions of people around the world consume milk and dairy products every day. Not only are milk and dairy products a vital source of nutrition for these people, they also present livelihoods opportunities for farmers, processors, shopkeepers and other stakeholders in the dairy value chain.

But to achieve this, consumers, industry and governments need up-to-date information on how milk and dairy products can contribute to human nutrition and how dairying and dairy-industry development can best contribute to increasing food security and alleviating poverty. This publication is unique in drawing together this information on nutrition, dairying and dairy-industry development from a wide range of sources and explor- ing the linkages among them. It is the result of collaboration between the Agricul- ture and Consumer Protection and the Economic and Social Development Depart- ments of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

The Nutrition Division of FAO's Economic and Social Development Department and the Rural Infrastructure and AgroIndustries Division of the Agriculture and Con- sumer Protection Department jointly led and coordinated the planning, preparation and publication process. In producing this publication our aims were to: provide an in-depth look at selected topics of concern regarding dairy and nutrition, from milk production to consumption; provide a balanced and unbiased scientific overview of the impact of milk and dairy consumption on human nutrition and health in developed and developing countries; and give insights on dairy's potential to improve the diets of poor and undernourished people and implications for future actions by diverse stakeholders. Many experts and scientists from around the world, from disciplines such as nutrition and food science, food safety, dairy-industry development, economics and agriculture, contributed to writing and reviewing the information and scientific knowledge presented in this publication. Each chapter has been peer reviewed by at least four independent experts to ensure that the information provided is verifiable and of good quality.

Note d'orientation: Intégrer le droit à une alimentation adéquate aux programmes de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - vii, 70 p. - 26 cm.

Le droit de tout homme, femme et enfant à une alimentation adéquate est aujourd'hui largement reconnu. Ce droit fondamental, consacré dans nombre d'instruments internationaux, est régulièrement réaffirmé dans les conclusions des grandes conférences et des sommets internationaux. De même, l'analyse selon laquelle une approche fondée sur le droit à l'alimentation et la bonne gouvernance est indispensable pour venir à bout des causes structurelles de la faim et réduire le nombre élevé de personnes souffrant de la faim et de la malnutrition fait l'unanimité. Dès lors, deux questions essentielles se posent: comment les engagements internationaux peuvent-ils trouver une application concrète dans la vie quotidienne des individus? Et en quoi une approche fondée sur le droit à l'alimentation peut-elle changer la donne? La présente note d'orientation décrit brièvement la marche à suivre pour intégrer concrètement le droit à une alimentation adéquate aux programmes de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et propose un certain nombre de «points d'entrée» que les spécialistes de la question jugent les mieux adaptés à cet objectif. Elle préconise un certain nombre de bonnes pratiques en s'appuyant sur les enseignements qui se dégagent de plusieurs cas particuliers et met en lumière les difficultés rencontrées, offrant ainsi de précieux éléments de réponse aux questions soulevées au paragraphe précédent. La note d'orientation vise à renforcer le droit à l'alimentation, à la fois en tant qu'objectif et comme vecteur de sécurité alimentaire pour tous. Elle montre que le droit à l'alimentation peut constituer un cadre général de référence de nature à orienter les efforts déployés aux niveaux international, régional, national et local pour lutter contre la faim et la malnutrition. Dans le même temps, l'adoption d'une approche fondée sur le droit à une alimentation adéquate en vue de la conception, de la mise en oeuvre et du suivi des programmes peut contribuer à pérenniser l'action menée et à en renforcer l'efficacité, les résultats et l'incidence. Cette publication est le résultat de deux ans de collaboration entre le Service d'appui à la sécurité alimentaire intégrée et l'équipe pour le droit à l'alimentiation de la Division de l'économie du développement agricole de la FAO. Elle s'appuie sur les enseignements tirés d'un atelier conjoint tenu en novembre 2011 à Rome, auquel ont participé des praticiens et des agents de la FAO, et sur les recommandations formulées à l'issue de l'atelier. Elle est le fruit d'une démarche hautement participative reposant sur une série de consultations avec les participants à l'atelier et les agents de la FAO en poste au Siège et sur le terrain.

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Food Outlook is published by the Trade and Market Division of FAO under Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS). It is a biannual publication focusing on developments affecting global food and feed markets. Each report provides comprehensive assessments and short term forecasts for production, utilization, trade, stocks and prices on a commodity by commodity basis and includes feature articles on topical issues. Food Outlook maintains a close synergy with another major GIEWS publication, Crop Prospects and Food Situation, especially with regard to the coverage of cereals. Food outlook is available in English. The summary section is also available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Spanish and Russian.

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Biotechnology Biotechnologies at work for smallholders : case studies from developing countries in crops, livestock and fish / edited by J. Ruane ... [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - 198 p. - 30 cm. ((Sulla cop.: Occasional papers on Innovation in Family Farming This book documents a unique series of 19 case studies where agricultural biotechnologies were used to serve the needs of smallholders in developing countries. they cover different regions, production systems, species and underlying socio-economic conditions in the crop (seven case studies), livestock (seven) and aquaculture/fisheries (five) sectors. Most of the case studies involve a single crop, livestock or fish species and a single biotechnology. the biotechnologies covered include some that are considered quite traditional, such as fermentation and artificial insemination, as well as other more modern ones, such as the use of DNA-based approaches to detect pathogens.

Prepared by scientists and researchers who were directly involved in the initiatives, the authors were able to provide an insider's guide to the background, achievements, obstacles, challenges and lessons learned from each case study. the final chapter of the book summarizes the background, challenges, results and lessons learned from the 19 case studies.

Statistics 2000 World Census of Agriculture : Methodological Review (1996-2005). - Rome : FAO, c2013.

- viii, 111 p. - 30 cm. - (FAO Statistical Development Series ; 14).

This publication provides main results on structure of agriculture at country level in a closely comparable form. These results have been extracted from country reports and standardized, as necessary. Despite standardization of data, international comparisons are often difficult due to differences in scope, coverage, or designs of the agriculture censuses which are planned to meet primarily the national requirements. For some countries the data reported here, particularly the number and area of holdings, may slightly differ from those coming from other sources. These differences arise mainly on account of: (1) varying thresholds on scale of operation adopted for definition of holdings leading to differences in coverage of holdings in different countries, (2) conceptual difference in definition of holdings/ farms or (3) subsequent revision of the figures by the national office responsible for agricultural census. In case of any discrepancy of data presented in this publication with any other source, the reader is advised to refer to concepts and definitions provided in the Programme for WCA 2000. As most agriculture censuses collect data on key structural characteristics like number and area of holdings, legal status of holders, gender of holders, employment on holdings, land tenure and land use, this publication provides information on these items for almost all countries. Given the space constraint, the data on crops and livestock have been selectively reported. Inventories of internationally important livestock species such as cattle and buffaloes, sheep and goat, and pigs are reported separately. The data on other livestock species have been sometimes grouped together, either to fit the data in available space or because country itself has collected the data on group of species.

Similarly, all internationally important crops, such as wheat, rice, maize have been kept separate from other grain crops.

Care has been taken to cover important national crops also. The crops occupying less significant share in cultivated area in a country have been grouped using Indicative Crop Classification (ICC)2 Version 1.

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N° 1 - 2014 - gennaio/febbraio

Policy Support Guidelines for the Promotion of Sustainable Production Intensification and Ecosystem Services. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - ix, 42 p. - 26 cm.

Conservation Agriculture is actually applied on about 10% of the world's cropland and adoption is growing fast. However, it is not growing fast enough to face the challenges ahead, such as the need to eradicate hunger and food insecurity for a growing population and to address the threats of climate change, land and environmental degradation, resource scarcity and increasing cost of food, production inputs and energy. For “sustainable intensification” strategy as being implemented through Conservation Agriculture to spread faster, it needs not only the accurate application of the concept and principles, but also supportive policies that can facilitate adoption of Conservation Agriculture and reward the adopters for example with payments for environmental services. This publication provides guidance on such supportive policies, as well as on protocols which would be needed to support schemes of payments for environmental services. It is based on actual field experiences of FAO and GIZ in the promotion of Conservation Agriculture in different world regions and is directed specifically to decision makers in governments for designing and implementing agricultural policies and regulations for sustainable development. Conservation Agriculture is actually applied on about 10% of the world's cropland and adoption is growing fast. However, it is not growing fast enough to face the challenges ahead, such as the need to eradicate hunger and food insecurity for a growing population and to address the threats of climate change, land and environmental degradation, resource scarcity and increasing cost of food, production inputs and energy. For “sustainable intensification” strategy as being implemented through Conservation Agriculture to spread faster, it needs not only the accurate application of the concept and principles, but also supportive policies that can facilitate adoption of Conservation Agriculture and reward the adopters for example with payments for environmental services. This publication provides guidance on such supportive policies, as well as on protocols which would be needed to support schemes of payments for environmental services. It is based on actual field experiences of FAO and GIZ in the promotion of Conservation Agriculture in different world regions and is directed specifically to decision makers in governments for designing and implementing agricultural policies and regulations for sustainable development.

Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - xi, 166 p. - 26 cm.

Plant genetic resources are a strategic resource at the heart of sustainable crop production. Their efficient conservation and use is critical to safeguard food and nutrition security, now and in the future. Meeting this challenge will require a continued stream of improved crops and varieties adapted to particular agro- ecosystem conditions. The loss of genetic diversity reduces the options for sustainably managing resilient agriculture, in the face of adverse environments, and rapidly fluctuating meteorological conditions. Well-managed genebanks both safeguard genetic diversity and make it available to breeders. The Genebank Standards for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, prepared under the guidance of the FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and endorsed at its Fourteenth Regular Session in 2013, lay down the procedures that need to be followed for conservation of plant genetic resources. The Commission recognizes them as being of universal value in germplasm conservation throughout the world. The voluntary Standards cover both seeds in genebanks and vegetatively propagated planting material, including in the field genebanks. They set the benchmark for current scientific and technical best practices, and reflect the key international policy instruments for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources. They are an important tool in implementing the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and a supporting component of the Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. The world's 7.5 million genebank accessions are largely of the crops on which humans and livestock most rely for food and feed, including important wild relatives and landraces, but others are of crops of local importance and underutilized species. The Standards encourage active genebank management, and provide for a set of complementary approaches. They will help genebank managers strike a balance between scientific objectives, resources available, and the objective conditions under which they work, recognizing that the world's over 1750 genebanks differ greatly in the size of their collections and the human and financial resources at their disposal. The challenge that many developing countries face in ensuring secure long-term conservation, in the face of limited capacities and inadequate infrastructure, makes this a challenging task.

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FAO Repository Library Plant Production

Plant Production

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FAO Repository Library Plant Production

CENTRO DOCUMENTALE - ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI

Le manioc : guide pour une intensification durable de la production. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - x, 129 p. - 26 cm.

Ce guide est le premier d'une série consacrée à l'application pratique, sur des cultures de petits producteurs et des systèmes de production agricole spécifiques, du modèle «Produire plus avec moins» de la FAO. Sa publication intervient alors que la production du manioc s'intensifie à l'échelle mondiale, avec une transition des producteurs utilisant les systèmes traditionnels de culture vers la monoculture, vers des génotypes à rendement élevé et vers un recours accru aux produits agrochimiques. L'intensification est porteuse de risques considérables, notamment des recrudescences de ravageurs et de maladies et l'épuisement des sols. Ce guide montre comment le modèle «Produire plus avec moins», qui se fonde sur une approche écosystémique, peut aider les pays en développement à éviter les risques inhérents à l'intensification non durable tout en réalisant le potentiel du manioc en termes de rendements plus élevés, de lutte contre la faim et la pauvreté rurale, et de contribution au développement économique national.

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CENTRO DOCUMENTALE - ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI

FAO Repository Library Climate Change

Climate Change Tackling climate change through livestock : A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities / edited by P.J. Gerber ... [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, c2013. - xxi, 115 p. - 26 cm.

It is easy to draw a dramatic picture of today's world. Climate change, the most serious environmental challenge humanity has to face, is threatening the well-being of the next generation. Globalization has led to rapid economic, social and technological changes that have left too many behind. Hunger is still a persistent problem, affecting over 900 million human beings worldwide. Faced with these issues, we sometimes feel over- whelmed by their magnitude and powerless. But we need not despair.

Difficult problems can be tackled for the benefit of many if we apply the right policies that support the required innovation and investment. We have known for several years that livestock supply chains are an important con- tributor to climate change. This new report shows that the potential to significantly reduce emissions exists and is within reach. Options are available for all species, systems and regions. But we need political will and better policies. The report provides much-needed data that will allow us to move forward. It pre- sents an evidence-based picture of emissions with data broken down by species, agro- ecological zones, regions and production systems. The breadth of information provided by this report and the two complementary technical reports1 reflect the vast diversity of the livestock sector. A detailed understanding of the magnitude, sources and pathways of emissions is es- sential to inform policy dialogue and avoid oversimplifications. It will help us to make more informed choices about livestock policies in support of sustainable food produc- tion, economic growth and poverty alleviation. This report identifies ways of reducing emissions by assessing the mitigation potential of sets of technologies. Such analysis provides guidance for local and system-specific solutions, as sector actors seek to improve sustainability and viability, but also for more targeted pro-poor livestock development. The work of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in as- sessing the environmental impact of livestock production (of which this report forms part) has triggered the interest and support of multiple partners engaging with FAO to improve data and analysis. The Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Partnership focuses on the development of broadly recognized sector-specific guidelines and metrics for assessing and monitoring the environmental performance of the sector.

Directives relatives au changement climatique à l'intention des gestionnaires forestiers. Rome : FAO, c2013. - xii, 112 p. - 26 cm. - (Étude FAO Forêts ; 172).

Les effets du changement climatique et de la variabilité du climat sur les écosystèmes forestiers sont manifestes dans le monde et la poursuite de ces effets est inévitable, au moins à court et à moyen terme. Pour résoudre les problèmes posés par le changement climatique, il faut modifier les politiques forestières et apporter des changements aux plans et pratiques de gestion forestière. En 2010, la FAO a établi des directives à l'intention des décideurs pour les aider à intégrer le changement climatique dans les politiques forestières et les programmes forestiers nationaux existants ou nouveaux. Les présentes directives complètent les directives publiées en 2010. Le document a été établi pour aider les gestionnaires forestiers à mieux évaluer les problèmes causés par le changement climatique et à tirer parti des possibilités qu'ils offrent au niveau de l'unité de gestion forestière. Les mesures proposées ont pour but d'intéresser tous les gestionnaires forestiers – propriétaires de forêt, entreprises forestières privées, organismes publics, groupes autochtones et associations locales de défense des forêts. Ces mesures s'appliquent à tous les types de forêt dans toutes les régions et à tous les objectifs de gestion. Ce sont des directives générales, qu'il faut donc adapter aux circonstances locales. Face au changement climatique il existe deux principaux types de réponse : l'adaptation et l'atténuation de ses effets. Le présent document offre des directives sur ce que les gestionnaires forestiers devraient prendre en considération dans l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité, du risque, des options en matière d'atténuation, ainsi que des mesures visant l'adaptation, l'atténuation et le suivi des effets du changement climatique. Les mesures d'adaptation au changement climatique sont présentées pour remédier aux effets de celui-ci sur la productivité des forêts, la biodiversité, l'eau et sa qualité, les incendies, les parasites et les maladies des arbres, les événements météorologiques extrêmes, la montée du niveau de la mer, et diverses considérations économiques, sociales et institutionnelles. Un ensemble de mesures d'atténuation des effets du changement climatique est présenté, ainsi que des directives sur des moyens supplémentaires de suivi et d'évaluation qui pourraient être appliqués aux forêts face au changement climatique.

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