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News from the library is a bimonthly newsletter providing timely, lively and informative articles on new releases from CIHEAM Bari Institute, the latest additions to the library's collection of books and articles, focus on the most important scientific journals, news from the world's libraries and international associations' activities.

Mediterranean Agronomic Institue of Bari DOCUMENTATION CENTRE - CIHEAM BARI

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N° 1 - 2021 - January-February

Contents

Book of the month

Book of the month Journal of the month

p.2

Press Review

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FAO Repository Library reviews: մմ

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Food and nutrition p.14 Agriculture p.17 Economic and social development p.23 Fisheries and aquaculture p.28 Forestry p.31 Statistic p.33 Animal production and health p.34 Climate change p.37

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Food Safety

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Editor-in-chief: Luigi Sisto Editorial board: Giuseppe Inchingolo Wanda Occhialini Graphic design and layout: Fabio La Notte

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Petruzzella D., Fucilli V., Puliga S., Vagnozzi A. (2020). Implementation of the Agricultural European Innovation Partnership (EIP-AGRI): state of play and indications for the new 20212027 programming period in Italy, Albania, and Montenegro. Cooperating for innovation in agriculture. Policy paper. Valenzano: CIHEAMBari.

Interreg-IPA CBC Italy-AlbaniaMontenegro. FILA project.

ISBN: 978-2-85352-605-0 https://doi.org/10.48259/bc1959t 78 p.

Business innovation and competitiveness, especially of farms, are the two fundamental economic development criticalities in Italy, Albania, and Montenegro’s cooperation area.

Failing to innovate, no business competitiveness improvement based on matching the three sustainable development (environment, social

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and economic) dimensions oriented to Sustainable Development Goals - SDGs – of the UN Agenda 2030 is possible.

Unfortunately, the European business innovation level, particularly in the Italy, Albania and Montenegro cooperation area, is quite critical, as demonstrated by various international studies.

According to the Global Innovation Index, Italy ranks 28 at the international level, Albania ranks 83, and Montenegro 49 (GEI, 2018).

According to the Global Entrepreneurship Index (measuring individual countries’ entrepreneurial development across the world), Italy ranks 42 worldwide, Albania ranks 83, and Montenegro 60 (GEI, 2018).

This scenario calls for targeted policies and actions that may raise the innovation level with resulting employment and economic development.

In response to the above criticality, in the latest 2014-20 programming period, the European Union has introduced a new tool for agriculture: the European Innovation Partnership - EIP-AGRI - to foster business modernization in the EU and candidate countries, for the sake of brevity referred to as IPA Countries concerning the ad hoc EU Pre-Accession Instrument.

The European Innovation Partnership “Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability” EIP-AGRI, promoted by the European Union for the 2014-20 programming period, extends up to 2022. It aims to strengthen competitiveness for sustainable management of the agricultural and forest systems, ensuring a stable supply of food, feed, and biomaterials developing its work in harmony with the essential natural resources on which farming depends.

EIP-AGRI is a new approach for research and innovation, identifies responses to challenges and simultaneously focuses on social benefits and modernization of the economy. For each sector, EIP involves all the parties interested in cooperation, mostly between the productive system and research.

FILA project “Strengthening and empowering cross-border innovation networks through

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Fertilization Innovation Labs in Agri-food for improving the connection between research and SMEs (EIP approach) – FILA,” supported by the Interreg IPA-CBC instrument, is established and implemented to support the EIP-AGRI implementation process in Italy, Albania, and Montenegro, and especially to strengthen the currently weak collaboration between businesses and research.

The project objective has been pursued through the creation of 3 local “laboratories” relating to the agrifoods sector - ‘Fertilization and Innovation Labs (FILA Labs) - at Valenzano (Italy), Korçë (Albania), and Nikšić (Montenegro).

In the framework of FILA project, the participatory analysis of innovation experiences (especially the Operational

Groups for Innovation – EIP-AGRI, established in Italy, and the confrontation among stakeholders (businesses, researchers, innovation brokers, etc.) have highlighted criticalities and weaknesses of the innovation system. It also underlined positive elements and strengths that, if adequately supported, may ensure a higher innovation level to businesses.

In this study, a process of analysis was performed to listen to various experiences and develop ideas and suggestions for implementing the 2021-27 programming instruments, being aware that strengthening businesses-research cooperation locally and internationally is the only way to contribute to improving the agricultural innovation level.

Journal of the month Nature : a weekly illustrated journal of science. - Vol. 1, n. 1 (nov./apr.

1869/70)-. - London : Macmillan Publishers, 1869-. - v. : ill. ; 28 cm.

- Settimanale. - Il complemento del titolo varia: the international weekly journal of science (1983-). - ISSN 0028-0836 Full Journal Title: Nature JCR Abbrev. Title: NATURE Editors-in-Chief: Philip Campbell ISSN: 0028-0836 Issues/Year: 51 Language: ENGLISH Journal Country/Territory: ENGLAND Publisher: Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature Subject Categories: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY, EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, PHYSICAL SCIENCES. Total Cites: 767.246 Impact Factor: 42.779 5-Year Impact Factor: 46.488 Immediacy Index: 9.687 Impact Factor without Journal Self Cites: 42.244 Availabile in CIHEAM Bari “Organic Agriculture Library” Metric Trend: Journal Impact Factor

Measure of the number of times an average paper in this journal is cited.

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Metric Trend: 5 Year Impact Factor

Impact Factor based on 5 years of history.

Metric Trend: Total Cites

The Cited Journal Graph shows the distribution (by cited year) of citations published in journals during the JCR year to items published in the Journal during the last 10 years. The white/grey division indicates the cited half-life (if < 10.0). Half of the citations are to items that were published more recently than the cited half-life. The two light-orange columns indicate citations used to calculate the Impact Factor (always the 2nd and 3rd columns).

These data summarize the characteristics of the journal’s published content for the most recent three years, that is 2019 and the two prior years, combined. This information is based on all listed authors and addresses as well as Impact Story Open Access data. It is meant to be descriptive rather than comparative.

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The Citing Journal Graph shows the distribution (by cited year) of citations published in the Journal during the JCR year to items published in journals during the last 10 years. The white/grey division indicates the citing half-life (if < 10.0).

Half of the citations are to items that were published more recently than the citing half-life.

The Journal Relationships visualization displays the citing or cited data relationships between the parent journal and the top twenty journals in its network. On the diagram, the top twenty cited or citing journals are displayed as arcs on the circle. The size of each arc is indicative of the relative citation relationships to that journal. The thickness of the chords connecting the arcs is demonstrative of the strength of citation relationship between the journals.

[Fonte: ISI Web of Knowledge]

Aims & Scope: Nature is a weekly international journal publishing the finest peer-reviewed research in all fields of science and technology on the basis of its originality, importance, interdisciplinary interest, timeliness, accessibility, elegance and surprising conclusions. Nature also provides rapid, authoritative, insightful and arresting news and interpretation of topical and coming trends affecting science, scientists and the wider public.

Nature’s mission statement: First, to serve scientists through prompt publication of significant advances in any branch of science, and to provide

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a forum for the reporting and discussion of news and issues concerning science. Second, to ensure that the results of science are rapidly disseminated to the public throughout the world, in a fashion that conveys their significance for knowledge, culture and daily life.

Nature Awards: Nature currently supports two awards. The Nature Awards for Mentoring in Science are run by Nature, and recognise key scientists who have made outstanding contributions to mentoring younger scientists. In addition, Nature supports the Eppendorf Young European Investigator Award, which is given annually to a young scientist who is chosen by an independent scientific panel.

Nature/EF Innovation Forum: Nature and Entrepreneur First, in collaboration with Innovate UK, have launched a project to train a selection of young researchers to come up with ideas for start-ups. At a presentation day, the participants get the opportunity to discuss those ideas with a panel of investors, experienced entrepreneurs and researchers from industry.

About the cover: (Iissue 542(7642): 392-512) Michaël Gillon et al. report the results of a photometric monitoring campaign of the star TRAPPIST-1 from the ground and space. They reveal that at least seven planets with sizes and masses similar to Earth revolve around this Jupitersized star. These planets all have equilibrium temperatures low enough to make it possible for liquid water to exist on their surfaces. The cover shows an artist’s interpretation of the seven planets and their relationship with TRAPPIST-1.

Cover art: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Robert Hurt (IPAC).

The journal is also available in electronic format: for access ask to inchingolog@iamb.it

Curiosity: How is Journal Impact Factor Calculated?

The impact factor (IF) is a measure of the frequency with which the average article in a journal has been cited in a particular year. It is used to measure the importance or rank of a journal by calculating the times it’s articles are cited.

The calculation is based on a two-year period and involves dividing the number of times articles were cited by the number of articles that are citable.

Calculation of 2019 IF of “Nature”:

A = the number of times articles published in 2017 and 2018 were cited by indexed journals during 2019.

B = the total number of “citable items” published in 2017 and 2018.

A/B = 2019 impact factor

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Lessons learned for library advocacy from the 2008 crisis: Interview with Glòria Pérez-Salmerón

While difficult financial times almost certainly lie ahead for many countries, it is not inevitable that libraries must suffer. Instead, we have an opportunity to underline the potential of our institutions - and the necessity of our mission - to support a strong and equitable recovery.

In the second of a series focusing on sharing and drawing on experience of what works in library advocacy, we talked to Glòria Pérez-Salmerón, IFLA President 20172019, in order to learn lessons from the 2008 financial crisis and its aftermath that can help us today.

IFLA: What role did you hold in the years following the 2008 financial crisis, both within IFLA and nationally?

Glòria Pérez-Salmerón: In 2008 I was appointed Director of the National Library of Spain while I was the President of FESABID (Spanish Federation of Libraries, Archives, Documentation and Museums Associations). My job until that moment was to head the e-Government Office of the Diputació de Barcelona (Barcelona Provincial Council). The Diputació is a supra–local Administration that provides services to 311 municipalities. I oversaw this important Office, which is committed to providing electronic and digital services, assistance, and support to local governments in the Barcelona Province, an area with a population of over 5.6 million inhabitants. It was an interesting time, and I had an extraordinary budget devoted to enabling our municipalities to start work to connect themselves and be able both to implement the European Union eGovernment Directive on the one hand, and to understand rules on personal data and the

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mechanics of connectivity and web services on the other.

To do this, I had to design a new kind of Office, build a new team with special profiles, for a types of jobs which had never previously been seen in the sector. At the Office we therefore had to learn first how to tackle the transposition of the European Directive into national law, and then to develop and implement strategies and structures to fit the new environment. I must admit that everything was new to me, but fortunately, many of the challenges faced were the same as those experienced in libraries.

Indeed, my thirty years of library expertise serving the public gave me the knowledge that I needed to create this important social tool. I could see that the services we were providing in public libraries were absolutely aligned with social services provided by local governments. It was about providing access to information in a fight against the digital divide as well. This experience helped me to understand the huge importance of meaningful access to information as a principle of development. Connection to the internet and digital skills training is a route to more social equality and development. It is a matter of democracy. In parallel, during these years, I was involved in IFLA and EBLIDA. Since 2005, I was an member of the IFLA Public Libraries Section Standing Committee and an EBLIDA Executive Committee member becoming Vice-President in 2011.

Both my job experience in Digital Library services, e-government, and IFLA’s work made me a sort of activist civil servant around access to information, focusing my official and voluntary day-to-day work on advocating in favour of meaningful access to information as the gateway to knowledge and social development. My job as National Librarian was an incredible experience for me as well. I could understand better than ever how important national tools are to delivering access to knowledge to all citizens and facilitate technical work to all kinds of libraries of the National Library System. In addition, I focused my work on running the tricentenary events of the National Library of Spain (BNE). It was a year-long celebration.

The motto was “The BNE is yours”, essentially opening up the library and digital library services to the people and reinforcing its role as a national tool for all.

How badly did the crisis hit your country?

In Spain, the effects of the economic crisis in libraries are still quite profound, and could still be felt in recent years.

It is, I admit, heart-breaking, because for the 20 years up until the crisis, Spanish libraries had benefitted from investment and expansion. However, 2008 put the brakes on this evolution, and as said, even when the pandemic started and began to affect all parts of society, we still had not fully recovered. Regarding global results, the two main negative effects of the financial crisis have been the cuts

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to acquisitions budgets, meaning fewer new books and/ or other media, and resulting low morale among staff. To share some figures as an indication, public libraries, which make up 63% of the total number of Spanish libraries, had an average budget cut of 36% between 2008 and 2012.

Since then, economic investment in libraries has stalled, and collections are therefore not as attractive as they were in the past. There has also been a change in the habits of library users, with a 6.1% decrease in borrowing, mainly accounted for by audio-visual, sound recordings, and periodicals (due to subscriptions being cancelled) while there has been a slight increase in the lending of books. Of course, the decrease in the lending of audio and visual media can be explained by changes in consumer patterns when it comes to music, where physical media has now been replaced by access and downloads via the Internet. Regarding e-books lending, other than a few exceptions, there is an electronic server platform called E-Biblio, a joint project by the Ministry of Culture and the Autonomous Communities Library Authorities, which was created after the crisis to deliver electronic loans to public libraries. It is a collection of about 28 000 eBooks and journals. Despite the impacts on collections, and the resulting focus among librarians on the wider results of cuts and changing habits, it is nonetheless the case that in Spain, we have seen an increase in library visitor numbers. To understand this, we can look at one of the most difficult consequences of the 2008 – the explosion in unemployment. Even before COVID-19, a large proportion of the population of Spain was unemployed, a hangover from the crisis over a decade ago. This had,

by April 2014, left joblessness at 25.1% among adults and 53.5% among young adults. For the thousands and thousands of people affected, the reading rooms of our libraries offered a warm and comfortable place to relax.

Our internet services also became invaluable. This is clear from the municipal survey assessment year after year in Barcelona for example. The demand for library services has grown steadily and there has been an exponential increase in users. Visits have increased by approximately 20.5%. The number of registered users has almost doubled, going from 8.2 million in 2008 to 15.2 million in 2015. In summary, librarians felt and still feel unhappy because of the limited resources for building collections, and the expectation that they should simply absorb the work of their colleagues who were let go and never came back to libraries. Nevertheless, users and citizens were and are still very proud of our library system, giving good reviews of this in evaluation surveys of public services.

How did libraries respond during the crisis itself in your country?

Library staff in general were in shock. It was a matter of personal loss because it affected job conditions and the social safety net. Concerned about how the financial

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crisis had hit Spanish libraries after 2008, the library sector was driven to evaluate the results and indicators regarding collection building and high use of the libraries services but also to provide tools to determine the social value of the library. A methodology was therefore defined to demonstrate that libraries contribute to a competitive economy and to provide library managers with arguments to defend their position against competition from other sectors that libraries are an investment and not an expense. Nevertheless, as we know, a financial crisis can be solved if we react and are brave. However, it can be made worse if problems around e-reading and copyright remain unaddressed. We need decision-makers to help in achieving a balance between the right to read and copyright, to ensure that library budgets have the impact they should.

What sort of activities did libraries in your country carry out to defend their funding?

The phenomenon of such an enormous increase in library use, together with the need to demonstrate clearly the social value added by public libraries drove the Public Libraries Network of Barcelona Province to implement the study: The Public Value of Municipal Libraries Network of Barcelona Province. This in study aimed to measure how much, financially speaking, public libraries contribute to society. This is because library services need to be seen as an investment and never as an expense. Alongside the Spanish National Libraries Council, we decided to include this important issue in the Strategic Plan of the Council, establishing a Strategic Expert Group for the Socio-Economic Impact of Libraries in Society, coordinated by FESABID, (Spanish Federation of Libraries, Archives, Documentation and Museums Associations). This included key players from the library sector such as REBIUN, the Spanish Universities Libraries Network, representatives of public libraries such as the Barcelona Public Libraries Network as well as experts from several Spanish regions and the Spanish Ministry of Education Culture and Sports, working together to shed light on this important point of focus. FESABID, in fulfilment of one of the priority objectives set out in the 2013 Activity Plan (Line of Action 2 - Study and Analysis) kindly kept up the momentum of this important cooperative work. In particular, it coordinated the study after seeing how the financial crisis was changing the face of the Spanish Library System, and the need to manage a new scenario where libraries were facing decreased budgets. The Federation started its action by working on a cooperative project to create a tool kit for librarians and, most importantly, to keep them and society aware of the importance of investment in libraries and information centres. The result was the incredibly useful and necessary Study of the Economic and Social Value of Libraries, which had two main objectives:

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- To define a methodology that convincingly demonstrates that libraries contribute to contemporary competitive economies.

- To provide library managers with arguments and information with which to defend their position against competition from other sectors that have already defined methodologies that measure, to a greater or lesser extent, their contribution to society in monetary terms.

The main goal of this study was to provide evidencebased facts and data about the value of information services and libraries in particular, and their contribution to society and the national economy. In short, libraries are not an expense; libraries are an investment - a profitable investment in the economic field and there is a very positive return to society as a whole, demonstrating that libraries are contributing to building stronger societies.

What was the impact of the crisis on the funding sources that support libraries in your country?

As I have already mentioned, unfortunately Spanish Public Libraries had an average budget cut of 36% between 2008 and 2012. The most serious effect of these huge cuts was the 43.6 % decrease in purchases for their collections. The biggest cut was in audio-visual material, which accumulated a decrease of 43.6% between 2008 and 2012, mostly in audio-visual and electronic records. A significant reduction was also observed in book collections, which were a third less compared to the increase in 2008.

The cuts in spending on book collections are in my point of view, the most unfortunate result of the effects of the financial crisis. In effect, the question was raised of how librarians can provide information, books, and materials for our users if we do not have enough money for collection building? Regarding staff, public libraries in 2012 had nearly 600 (594) fewer employees than in 2010. This has had a very negative impact on employee morale throughout the library community in our country.

We all know that it is demoralising to be expected to work harder in return for a lower wage (due to salary cuts to all civil servants), not to mention less investment in employees through training and less vacation entitlement.

These circumstances have led in many cases to a sense of panic among employees, most of them civil servants with low salaries. In Spain, the average reduction of the number of employees in libraries was been 20%. In terms of the average number of employees per library point of service, the number is 1.91 employees today, compared with 2.5 per point of library service in 2008. This is even lower than the figure in 2002, when the average was 2.0 employees per library service point.

What actions and arguments worked most effectively in your country and internationally?

I guess that any single action and argumentation to

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demonstrate the social value of library services is always a good way to advocate for libraries. During a financial crisis, when people more than ever need free public services, this is the time to convince governments that libraries are an investment on social development. In my point of view, talking to decision-makers in a language they understand is a good tip. Librarians are used to using our own jargon, with technical words that do not help us to find a common understanding with decision-makers, welfare civil servants, and other social agents. So, after seeing the effect of the strategy carried out by FESABID in which we decided to talk in a clear economic way, demonstrating the social value of libraries in Spain and the repercussions at international level, I can say this was the correct way. Library Associations in many countries showed interest in FESABID’s methodology and this was an opportunity to talk about the Spanish Library System and FESABID internationally. Therefore, an executive report of the study was translated into English and French.

I had the opportunity to give presentations abroad about how we tried to help libraries to advocate showing not only the positive results, but also the social side of investment in economics. FESABID was able to deliver an easy-tomanage tool that libraries could use to advocate in their own municipalities, to argue that their library service was more than a public service open to people. Libraries could demonstrate, with numbers, a social return understood by their authorities.

What recommendations do you have for library advocates following the COVID-19 pandemic?

From the first day of quarantine, on March 12, 2020, all libraries in Spain were shut down. From the National Library to the smallest of the libraries in our territory.

Even more, large hospitals converted their libraries into ICU intensive care units to increase the number of beds and to accommodate hundreds of people who had to be admitted. This situation was a catastrophe, as even when re-opening became possible, it was under very restrictive quarantine regulations, and only in the summer. For example, many could only serve users by appointment only. One option was to rely more on the E-Biblio service.

However, general access to this service was still poor in the months before the pandemic; in 2019 it received just under 4.8 million visits. While there was an increase in membership once authorities made it easier for citizens to register directly using their National ID card number, millions of inhabitants have still not registered. University students had better luck and could access digital academic libraries. However, in Spain, 18% of homes do not have access to internet today, or just have data access through their mobile phone. Therefore, millions of people were isolated in their homes during lockdown, without access to any library resources or internet access. Unfortunately, we are facing an increase in the digital divide because

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today, faced with this new scenario and more than ever, we need all households, all students, all people to be connected to the internet. Without connectivity, contact is not possible, access to information is not possible, and even less, access to knowledge is not feasible. From my point of view, this pandemic, which is a terrible global health and economic crisis, also constitutes an opportunity for librarians. An opportunity to innovate, to change our mindset. An opportunity to reinvent ourselves by coming up with creative ways to deliver our services online, services that before the pandemic, for the most part, were face-to-face. Although in a crisis it is difficult to remain calm and not lose sight of the vision and mission of our service, the analysis of emerging needs in this pandemic is more necessary than ever. As librarians, we have to focus our advocacy on asking for digital and virtual library services on the one hand, but on the other – and most importantly –contribute to advocacy for a public internet connection system, or for subsidised connectivity for those who need it, given that an internet connection nowadays is an essential utility. The more we can do to campaign for connectivity, the better we will be able to provide access to our users.

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COVID-19 and the Global Library Field: the Impact of Covid-19 on Research Libraries Across Europe and Libraries in Italy.

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COVID 19 and Libraries in Italy COVID 19 emergency has had a great impact on libraries and led to their closure. An investigation was carried out analyzing literature and online documentation together with administering a questionnaire to about 70 librarians.

Italian libraries continued to offer online services during closure by giving access to digital libraries and reference. A renewed online communication, using different tools from the phone to video conference and social media, has been experimented with community engagement. Some critical issues related to libraries organization and policies were most evident during COVID. In conclusion, the COVID emergency pushes for a transformation of libraries and a new vision of service, which focuses on new relationships with communities. di Anna Maria Tamaro International Information & Library Review Volume 52, 2020 - Issue 3 Introduction: Libraries in Italy Libraries in Italy are about 11,0001. The library system is very fragmented, with responsibilities spread between several institutions. Academic and research libraries are managed by research institutions and universities. Many of the research libraries have rare and special collections and have been founded in the eighteenth century, with the oldest libraries founded during the Renaissance.

The Italian Government since 1870 manages directly the 44 libraries of the pre-unitary Italian states. The public libraries, which are around 6,000, are the most recent, many dating back to the 1970s, when the local authorities (regions and municipalities) were delegated by law to manage libraries. Library consortia and library systems mitigate this fragmentation, with approximately 200 library systems and networks. The most important of these is SBN National Library System which makes OPAC available online and the interlibrary loan service.

For academic libraries, the Nilde network makes the document delivery service available. For public libraries, CSBNO and the Network of Networks aggregate the services of a large number of libraries. A characteristic of Italian Libraries is that there is a division between the north where the largest number of libraries is and the south where the libraries are less and worse equipped: There is

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therefore a “southern issue” for libraries.

The digitization of Italian libraries has encountered organizational obstacles and cultural barriers and is at different levels of realization. The academic libraries have focused their strategies on the acquisition of licenses for the digital collection but the organization of the work has still remained tied to the workflow of the printed book.

Research and State libraries have conducted limited digitization projects of their rare book collections. The digital libraries to find Italian e-books include Internet Culturale2 and Cultura Italia3 that are the national portal that aggregates all the digitized contents of the Italian library’s heritage. Academic and research libraries make available research results in the universities’ open access repositories. For research libraries specialized in humanities, Italian e-book aggregators such as Casalini Torrossa and Open edition are important. Public libraries are the ones most behind for digitization, and they offer digital lending through the services of two private aggregators, such as MLOL and the Indico Network.

Use of the Internet is limited. According to Istat4, in 2019, 76% of families had access to the Internet, with 53% using the Internet to read newspapers and to use social media and 54% doing research on information (mainly to consult wikis).

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COVID 19 impact

Library services during the pandemic

Italy was the first country after China to be invaded by the pandemic, with a very high number of infected and dead Italians: 224,000 infected and more than 30,000 confirmed deaths. The impact of COVID was not just on health. There has also been a huge impact on the economy, with the loss of many jobs. A great impact was also on education, with the closure of all schools and the transition to distance learning. All teachers and students went on e-learning suddenly, with education from primary schools to higher education brought home. Impact on libraries has been great, leading them to closure. After February 23, all the libraries in the red zone (Lombardy and Veneto) were closed, while the rest of the libraries began to have restrictions on the service. After March 8, all libraries of every typology and in every regions were closed. All the libraries have been officially reopened since May 17, with differentiated openings decided by the different responsible institutions. This paper covers all the activities and services that took place in libraries in Italy during the emergency and their reopening, from February to May 2020. The research aims to understand the impact of the COVID 19 emergency on libraries and to reflect on how this period could affect the future of libraries in Italy.

The organization of the work had to change during the period according to the lockdown restrictions (Caselli, 2020a, 2020b; Congliello, 2020). As far as possible, staff have worked in the back office of a publicly closed library; however in most of the cases the staff has been working from home. The work at home of the staff (smart working or agile working) has been very effective, probably will remain even after the reopening of the libraries. A variable percentage of the working time was dedicated to continuous professional development (Bruni, 2020). However, Caselli (2020a) has evidenced that there are many precarious librarians in Italy and many libraries – due to budget cuts during the last years – have outsourced the services to cooperatives; for these librarians during the emergency there was the dismissal or the layoffs. Librarians have tried to reorganize themselves mainly moving the services online. They pursued two priorities: 1) bringing the library to the home of the communities and 2) using all the tools available to communicate and engage the community.

Methodology To collect the information, a literature and documentary review has been done, collecting information mainly from blogs, newsletters and specialized journals, as well as the Web sites and Facebook page of selected libraries. A survey was carried out involving about 70 librarians from different typologies of libraries who were participating in a professional development course. They have replied to a questionnaire that was structured into four questions: What needs of the communities were considered priority, what services were continued during the lockdown, what new services were started, and how the services were assessed. The description of the results is presented divided into two parts: What worked well, and what did not work.

What has worked well In a short time, libraries have had to react to the new situation. The first reaction of libraries was to guarantee traditional services such as loan, interlibrary loan, cataloging, and reference services: The loan period has been extended and in some cases, the loan has been delivered at home, online registration to the library was facilitated, and document delivery improved for interlibrary loan. After the first weeks, there has been a rapid response from libraries: also, if the doors were closed, they have continued with creativity to deliver their services.

There are usage statistics collected by AIB that highlight a big increase of digital resources access.5 Access to the Digital Library “Internet Culturale” increased by 116%, access to the MLOL Digital Library of 111%, and to Casalini Torrossa Digital Library of 280% (calculated in comparison with the same months of the previous year). There has been a trend to promote online content

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(Arnetoli, 2020; Asta, 2020), not only e-books, but also events, exhibitions, tutorials, streaming, including investment in new digital content. The State-specialized libraries6 have made known to a wide audience the extraordinary amount of resources that characterize the Italian cultural heritage: from archeology to art history, from virtual exhibitions, to those of musical concerts and theater performances (Guiducci et al., 2020). The Central Institute ICCU, together with the company Data Management Cultura, is offering new resources with the portal “ioleggodigitale.it”7 (Morriello, 2020).

Library networks showed their importance during the emergency. It is the case of the Rete delle reti (Network of Networks), which in the midst of COVID emergency, brought together over 30 Italian library networks from north to south of the country (CSBNO, 2020). On the other hand, a series of increasingly stronger integrations with local actors and stakeholders have been elements of success. Among these, support to teachers in schools involved in e-learning has in some cases been developed.

The Nilde network opened a file to understand the services that academic libraries could provide.8 The interlibrary loan service was widely used during the emergency. The Nilde network, which mainly gathers academic libraries, has tried to improve the cooperation of libraries for accessing documents. Unfortunately, many requests for documents have covered periodicals or chapters of books on paper and were not reachable by the staff. To meet this difficulty in the first days of the emergency, Nilde has been supported by the IFLA Section Resource Sharing and Document Delivery (RSDD). A new service has been launched by the IFLA RSDD Section called RSCVD (Resource sharing COVID)9 which will be active until the end of August.

A great effort was concentrated in communication, to let the communities know that the library, even if closed, was there, and reaching more users than usual (Cognigni, 2020; Monti, 2020; Morriello et al., 2020). The network CSBNO Consortium - Culture Sociality Libraries Network Operative wanted to increase that relationship by making 16,000 telephone calls to its registered users to strengthen the loyalty process and the use of new services such as that of the digital library (CSBNO, 2020). The San Giorgio Library of Pistoia has launched the “La San Giorgio behind closed doors” initiative, with a busy schedule of online events with authors, translators, publishers (Cognigni, 2020; Morriello et al., 2020; Rasetti, 2020).

National libraries have stepped up the reference service for bibliographic information using Skype (Guiducci et al., 2020). Libraries of all types in Italy have shown that they know how to reorganize themselves in a short time, launching a series of events. The events that have been promoted concern mainly story time and reading programs but also online courses such as gymnastics initiatives and courses on cooking. All these initiatives have stimulated the libraries to rethink their services and

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their relationship with communities. Some library systems such as Coros Figulinas10 and Montanari Library11 have tried to interact with communities and actively involve them by contributing resources and participating to post photos and videos. The «Renato Fucini» Library in Empoli asked all the authors who had participated in the library›s initiatives over the years to send a video message in which to talk about a story that is particularly dear to them (Tonini, 2020).

What did not work The emergency has made more evident problems that have never been resolved in libraries such as job insecurity, chronic scarcity of funds, outsourcing, recourse to volunteering to make up for the lack of professionally trained staff, lack of legislation and policies, lack of vision (Agnoli, 2020; Valenza, 2020). COVID 19 emergency highlighted the differences of libraries between the north and south of the country for minimum indicators such as acquisition budget and qualified staff (Cognigni, 2020).

Responsibilities are distributed between regions, national government, bibliographic coordination offices (Superintendencies), and individual institutions, with difficulty or no coordination. Since the COVID 19 emergency, libraries have learned the importance of networking to innovate the organization and also address economic problems (Baldi, 2020).

The biggest obstacle to digital transformation has certainly been the digital divide. The lack of infrastructure and also of devices for accessing resources was highlighted.

Furthermore, the lack of sufficient digital competencies was evidenced (Baldi, 2020). For the first time, social media has been used intensively, but mostly to push information and not to interact with communities. Online events and some games and reading and writing competitions saw for the first time libraries interacting with participatory communities. However, the lack of ability to maintain connection and interact with communities has been evident.

Copyright was a big obstacle. It was not possible to digitize the textbooks, even asking the publishers for authorization. The Nilde network has written a letter to the Publishers’ Association AIE to get exceptions, with poor results. The Nati per leggere (Born to Read) Project of AIB (Italian Library Association) obtained by AIE the opportunity to make video-readings of 300 books during the emergency (Cognigni, 2020).

How COVID could shape the future of libraries in Italy All libraries in Italy are now reopening, in a phased approach. Much effort has been focused on ensuring health and safety for both communities and staff (Arena, 2020; Ponzani & Maiello, 2020). The reopening will be limited to the loan service, but all other services are limited by the need for social distance. It is the right time to think about an innovation of services that takes advantage of

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the experience just lived (Agnoli, 2020; Baldacchini, 2020; Baldi, 2020; De Vecchis, 2020; Solimine, 2020). Libraries from this experience have learned that they must not limit themselves to lending and reading, but that they must open up to communities (Baldi, 2020). Communities have become accustomed to online services, will they now want to return to traditional services? The COVID experience could somehow change the interaction between librarians and library users? However, there are no surveys in Italy on the impact that libraries have had on users in these three months, nor have there been surveys on the needs of users during the pandemic.

Baldacchini (2020) has commented that the way in which the users of libraries (and more generally the society) reacted to the prolongation of periods of forced home stay is an important experience for libraries. It is therefore essential that libraries manage to adequately monitor and document what is happening in their relationships with users.

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There is a need for a digital strategy, not limited to e-books. A digital strategy should aim at the transformation of libraries, with an innovative vision of service. To develop new digital paradigms for libraries, libraries need to critically answer the following questions: How has online access to libraries evolved over COVID period?

Are users lost? Are new ones acquired?

Does the perception of the library vision change in the collective imagination and – if yes – how?

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FOOD AND NUTRITION

Food and Nutrition

Asia and the Pacific Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition.

Maternal and child diets at the heart of improving nutrition Type of publication: Book Author: FAO, UNICEF, WFP, WHO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2021 Place of publication: Bangkok, Thailand Other Entities Involved: UNICEF, WFP, WHO Pages: 120 p.

By Country/Territory: Asia; Oceania Serial Title: Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition, Asia and the Pacific ; 2020 ISBN: 978-92-5-133853-7 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2895en

and the Pacific.

Agrovoc: household food security; maternal and child health; infant feeding; nutritional requirements; nutrition security; nutrition statistics; Asia

Abstract: The 2020 report on the State of Food Security and Nutrition in the Asia and Pacific region, provides an update on progress towards the 2030 targets (SDGs and WHA) at the regional and country level. Selected indicators look at undernourishment, food insecurity, childhood stunting, wasting and overweight, adult overweight, child minimum acceptable diet, exclusive and continued breastfeeding, and anaemia in women and children. While the region continues to work towards ending all forms of malnutrition and achieving Zero Hunger, progress on food security and nutrition has slowed, and the Asia and Pacific region is not on track to achieving 2030 targets. About 350.6 million people in the Asia and Pacific region are estimated to have been undernourished in 2019, about 51 percent of the global total.

An estimated 74.5 million children under five years of age were stunted and a total of 31.5 million were wasted in the Asia and Pacific region. The majority of these children in the region live in Southern Asia with 55.9 million stunted and 25.2 million wasted children. Estimates predict a 14.3 percent increase in the prevalence of moderate or severe wasting among children under 5 years of age, equal to an additional 6.7 million children, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With basic food prices and disposable incomes influencing household decisions on food and dietary intake, they are critical to improve food security and nutrition in the region. However, in the Asia and Pacific region, 1.9 billion people are unable to afford a healthy diet, driven by high prices of fruits, vegetables and dairy products, making it impossible for the poor to achieve healthy diets. In Part 2, the 2020 report promotes a systems approach to healthy maternal and child diets, involving and coordinating institutions and actors in the Food, Water and Sanitation, Health, Social Protection and Education systems, to collectively create the enabling environment for healthy diets. Integration of healthy diets and nutrition-focused Social Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) mainstreamed throughout these systems will lead to greater uptake and sustainability of healthy behaviours and caregiver’s knowledge.

Download the full report Cite this publication as: FAO, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2021. Asia and the Pacific Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2020: Maternal and child diets at the heart of improving nutrition. Bangkok, FAO.

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Fruit and vegetables - your dietary essentials. The International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, 2021, background paper.

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Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 82 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133709-7

Abstract: The International Year of Fruits and Vegetables 2021 (IYFV), as declared by the UN General Assembly in Resolution A/RES/74/244, aims at raising awareness of, directing policy attention to, and sharing good practices on the nutritional and health benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption, the contribution of fruit and vegetable consumption to the promotion of diversified, balanced and healthy diets and lifestyles, and reducing loss and waste of fruits and vegetables. This background paper outlines the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption, but also examines the various aspects of the fruit and vegetable sector from a food systems approach: from sustainable production and trade to loss and waste management. This paper provides an overview of the sector and a framework and a starting point for discussion for the Year, highlighting the interlinkages of stakeholders and key issues to be considered for action during the IYFV. Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. Fruit and vegetables - your dietary essentials. The International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, 2021, background paper. Rome.

The Global Economy of Pulses Type of publication: Book Year of publications: 2019 Author: Rawal, V. & Navarro, D. K., (eds) Publisher: FAO Pages: 190 p.

Place of publication: Rome, Italy Other Entities Involved: Society for Social and Economic Research/Tulika Books ISBN: 978-92-5-109730-4 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/I7108EN Agrovoc: grain legumes; crop production; varieties; chickpeas; Phaseolus; lentils; consumption; nutritive value; health foods; supply chains; markets; agricultural research; public investment Abstract: The production, trade and consumption of pulses have seen substantial growth over the last fifteen years. This report examines the trends and patterns of this growth, and the factors that explain these for different kinds of pulses. The report presents an analysis of trends of consumption of pulses in different regions of the world and discusses the role that pulses can play in human nutrition. The report presents an analysis of the dynamics of growth of major pulses in different pulse-producing countries of the world. It describes the increasingly important role of trade in the global economy of pulses and presents an analysis of changing patterns of trade. The report argues that there is a pressing need to close the large gap between potential and actual yields, particularly on smallholder farms in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, by increased adoption of improved varieties and modern agronomic practices in all developing countries. This in turn requires a major thrust in agricultural research

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Food and Nutrition

Agrovoc: fruits; vegetables; nutrition; awareness raising; food policies; good practices; dietary guidelines

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and extension, improving credit availability, and public investment directed at pulse production. The report discusses future prospects and policy imperatives for sustaining the growth of pulse production.

Download publication Cite this content as: Rawal, V. & Navarro, D. K., eds. 2019. The Global Economy of Pulses. Rome, FAO.

Food and Nutrition

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets Type of publication: Book Author: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO Other Entities Involved: WHO, IFAD, WFP, UNICEF Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: #320 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-132901-6 Serial Title: The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI) ; 2020 Publisher: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692en Agrovoc: food security; human nutrition; diet; food access; food systems; nutrition policies; cost analysis; methodology; statistical data Abstract: Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2020. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. Rome, FAO.

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Food Outlook – Biannual Report on Global Food Markets: November 2020

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Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: #107 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133590-1 Serial Title: Food Outlook ; 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1993en

Abstract: As it was projected earlier in the year, while most markets were braced for a major global economic downturn, the food sector, including markets for bananas and tropical fruits, continued to display more resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic than other sectors.

This report provides supply and demand forecasts for basic foodstuffs, fish and fishery products along with price analysis, policy information and a preliminary assessment of the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on trade in bananas and tropical fruits. The report’s special feature reviews recent trends in food imports bills and export earnings.

Food Outlook is published by the Markets and Trade Division of FAO as part of the Global Information and Early Warning System (GIEWS). It is a biannual publication (November and June) focusing on developments in global food markets. Food Outlook maintains a close synergy with another major GIEWS publication, Crop Prospects and Food Situation, especially with regard to the coverage of cereals. Food Outlook is available in English. The summary section is also available in Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. ​Food Outlook – Biannual Report on Global Food Markets: November 2020. Rome.

AGRICULTURE Smart irrigation - Smart wash. Solutions in response to the pandemic crisis in Africa.

Type of publication: Book Author: Salman, M., Pek, E., and Ahmad, W. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 109 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133390-7 Serial Title: FAO Land and Water Discussion Papers ; 16 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1306en Agrovoc: crop production; Coronavirus; impact assessment; indicators; vulnerability; risk assessment; cartography; agricultural water use; irrigation systems; water requirements; water supply; water management; crop improvement; investment; Africa Abstract: Uncertainties related to the impacts of COVID-19 on daily life are increasingly growing. Inherent effects have grown beyond the well-defined sphere of health risks and have shocked the livelihood and food security in several countries. Particularly in the poorest countries, the impact is more devastating due to the limited availability of

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Agriculture

Agrovoc: commodity markets; crop production; crop forecasting; trade policies; agricultural prices; food prices; international trade policies; reports

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resources to slow down the spread of the disease. These countries require immediate actions to safeguard food security and human health. Irrigation has a great role in improving crop productivity and ensuring food security. However, expanding irrigation could impact the availability of water for sanitation and hygiene which has a central role in slowing down the spread of the disease. It is, thus, clearer that irrigation development should also comply with the requirement of extended need of water for sanitation and hygiene. Developing multiple water use would certainly allow to fight the pandemic while ensuring the basic needs of food security in rural communities. To support the concept of multiple water use, a new initiative called SMART irrigation – SMART WASH is proposed for corporate solutions to enhance irrigation and provide WASH facilities to vulnerable communities, thus, responding to the critical needs in times of pandemic crisis.

Download publication Cite this content as: Salman, M., Pek, E. and Ahmad, W. 2020. Smart irrigation – Smart wash. Solutions in response to the pandemic crisis in Africa. FAO Land and Water No. 16. Rome, FAO.

Agriculture

Water accounting in the Niger River Basin. WaPOR water accounting reports.

Type of publication: Book Author: FAO and IHE Delft Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Other Entities Involved: IHE Delft Pages: 120 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133378-5 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1274en Agrovoc: water resources; water management; water supply; water availability; agricultural sector; water productivity; water use efficiency; remote sensing; case studies; Niger River; Benin; Burkina Faso; Cameroon; Chad; Cote d’Ivoire; Guinea; Mali; Niger; Nigeria Abstract: The Niger River Basin is a transboundary basin covering nine riparian countries to the Niger River that are increasingly putting pressure on the available water resources as their populations expand. Yet, the nine countries are also among the poorest in the world and adequate exploitation of the water of the basin could be part of a broader strategy for poverty reduction in these countries. Major challenges to that end are the lacking water infrastructure and growing vulnerability to extreme weather hazards as the climate changes. In that context, a better understanding of the state of water resources in the basin is a crucial departure point for any measures towards the sustainable use of water.

The Water Accounting Plus (WA+) system designed by IHE Delft with its partners FAO and IWMI has been applied to gain full insights into the state of the water resources in the basin.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO and IHE Delft. 2020. Water Accounting in the Niger River Basin. FAO WaPOR water accounting reports. Rome.

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The State of Food and Agriculture 2020. Overcoming water challenges in agriculture.

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Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 210 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133441-6 Serial Title: The State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) ; 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1447en

Abstract: Intensifying water constraints threaten food security and nutrition. Thus, urgent action is needed to make water use in agriculture more sustainable and equitable. Irrigated agriculture remains by far the largest user of freshwater, but scarcity of freshwater is a growing problem owing to increasing demand and competition for freshwater resources. At the same time, rainfed agriculture is facing increasing precipitation variability driven by climate change.

These trends will exacerbate disputes among water users and inequality in access to water, especially for smallscale farmers, the rural poor and other vulnerable populations. The State of Food and Agriculture 2020 presents new estimates on the pervasiveness of water scarcity in irrigated agriculture and of water shortages in rainfed agriculture, as well as on the number of people affected. It finds major differences across countries, and also substantial spatial variation within countries. This evidence informs a discussion of how countries may determine appropriate policies and interventions, depending on the nature and magnitude of the problem, but also on other factors such as the type of agricultural production system and countries’ level of development and their political structures. Based on this, the publication provides guidance on how countries can prioritize policies and interventions to overcome water constraints in agriculture, while ensuring efficient, sustainable and equitable access to water.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. The State of Food and Agriculture 2020. Overcoming water challenges in agriculture.

Rome.

Panorama de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en América Latina y el Caribe 2020. Seguridad alimentaria y nutricional para los territorios más rezagados.

Type of publication: Book Author: FAO, FIDA, OPS, WFP y UNICEF Publisher: FAO, OPS, WFP and UNICEF Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Santiago, Chile Other Entities Involved: OPS, WFP, UNICEF Pages: 150 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133665-6 Serial Title: Regional Overview of Food Insecurity, Latin America and the Caribbean ; 13 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2242es

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Agriculture

Agrovoc: agricultural water use; water availability; water scarcity; irrigated farming; water productivity; water management; governance; water policy; sustainable agriculture; food security; Sustainable Development Goals; data collection

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Agrovoc: food security; malnutrition; poverty; right to food; food policies; Latin America; Caribbean

Agriculture

Abstract: Las metas de la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible relacionadas con la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición no podrán alcanzarse mientras en algunos territorios de América Latina y el Caribe sigan viviendo poblaciones con niveles de malnutrición que, como mínimo, duplican los promedios nacionales. A menudo, las oportunidades económicas en estos lugares son limitadas, la presencia de servicios públicos es escasa y la exposición a eventos climáticos severos es elevada. Precisamente, es en estos territorios históricamente rezagados donde las políticas públicas impulsadas en la región han mostrado un menor impacto y donde es apremiante generar una nueva agenda de instrumentos públicos que atiendan a las características de las comunidades que los habitan. El desarrollo pleno y sostenible de los territorios que se están “quedando atrás” no solo es una obligación que se desprende de los derechos de las personas que los habitan. Además, liberaría el potencial social, económico, ambiental y cultural de esos territorios en beneficio de todas las sociedades y del planeta. Se espera que el Panorama 2020 ayude a visibilizar los desafíos de los territorios con peores indicadores en términos de alimentación y nutrición, y que sirva para movilizar el compromiso político y la atención pública en los lugares que sufren mayores rezagos respecto a los promedios nacionales. Al igual que en ediciones anteriores, también se proporciona información sobre las políticas y los programas que los países están desarrollando para enfrentar todas las formas de malnutrición. El año 2020 se recordará durante muchas décadas por la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19. Los indicadores de la Agenda 2030 que se utilizan en esta publicación aún no recogen los distintos impactos del nuevo coronavirus. Pero en cada uno de los capítulos y secciones que siguen se hace referencia a algunas de las posibles implicaciones de la pandemia para el futuro.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO, FIDA, OPS, WFP y UNICEF. 2020. Panorama de la seguridad alimentaria y nutrición en América Latina y el Caribe 2020. Santiago de Chile.

Increasing the benefits and sustainability of irrigation through integration of fisheries. A guide for water planners, managers and engineers Type of publication: Book Author: FAO, WorldFish and IWMI Publisher: FAO, WorldFish and IWMI Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Colombo, Sri Lanka Other Entities Involved: IWMI/WorldFish Pages: 92 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133601-4 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2025en Agrovoc: water management; irrigation systems; food security; sustainable fisheries; ecosystem services; agrifood systems Abstract: There is increasing recognition of the need to bring about changes across the full spectrum of agricultural practices to ensure that, in future, food production systems are more diverse, sustainable and resilient. In this context, the objectives of irrigation need to be much more ambitious, shifting away from simply maximizing crop yields to maximizing net benefits across a range of uses of irrigation water, including ecosystems and nature-based solutions. One important way to achieve this is by better integrating fisheries into the planning, design, construction, operation and management of irrigation systems. Irrigation – a major contributor to the Green Revolution – has significantly improved agricultural production worldwide, with consequent benefits for food security, livelihoods and poverty alleviation. Today, irrigated agriculture represents about 21 percent of cultivated land, but contributes approximately 40% of the total global crop production. Many governments continue to invest in irrigation as a cornerstone of food security and rural development. Investments in irrigation often represent a pragmatic form of adaptation to changing climatic conditions. This guide focuses on how to sustainably optimize and broaden the range of benefits from irrigation development - not only economic but also social and environmental benefits . It emphasizes the opportunities that fisheries could provide to increase food production and economic returns, enhance

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livelihoods and public health outcomes, and maintain key ecosystem services. The guide considers possible trade-offs between irrigation and fisheries, and provides recommendations on how these could be minimized.

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Download publication Cite this content as: FAO, WorldFish and IWMI. 2020. Increasing the benefits and sustainability of irrigation through the integration of fisheries - A guide for water planners, managers and engineers. Colombo.

Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 356 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133501-7 Serial Title: FAO Legislative Studies ; 115 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1593en Agrovoc: agricultural sector; climate change adaptation; climate change mitigation; climate-smart agriculture; legal frameworks; governance; international law; financing Abstract: Many national legal frameworks still do not include laws and measures specifically intended to tackle climate change in the agriculture sectors. However, national laws and institutional frameworks are necessary for good governance and can operate to support the implementation of national policy and international commitments, including on climate change. Indeed, Target 16.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals calls for the promotion of the rule of law, and the assurance of equal access to justice for all. This is both an important stand-alone goal and an enabling goal for the realization of the transformative 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development‎. Furthermore, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) sees appropriately designed, informed and responsive national legal and institutional frameworks as key to supporting the implementation of countries’ commitments under the 2015 Paris Agreement, as well as their Nationally Determined Contribution in the food, agriculture and natural resources sectors.

Climate change presents multiple challenges and it cannot be addressed effectively in silos. Attention must be paid not only to specific agriculture sectors, but also to governance areas that are interconnected with agriculture, such as public spending and investment, social protection and rural development. Efforts should be coordinated with the engagement of civil society, including the legal profession, vulnerable groups and the private sector. This Study addresses the principal expressions of the food and agriculture sector (crops and livestock agriculture, forestry and fisheries), looking at the critical cross-cutting issues and their integration into agriculture law. It provides a comprehensive overview of the legal and institutional issues to consider when working towards preparing the agriculture sector for the challenges of climate change.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. Agriculture and climate change. Law and governance in support of climate smart agriculture and international climate change goals. FAO Legislative Studies No. 115. Rome.

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Agriculture

Agriculture and climate change. Law and governance in support of climate smart agriculture and international climate change goals

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Newsletter Mediterranean Agronomic Institue of Bari DOCUMENTATION CENTRE - CIHEAM BARI A protocol for measurement, monitoring, reporting and verification of soil organic carbon in agricultural landscapes: GSOC-MRV Protocol

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Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Other Entities Involved: ITPS Pages: 140 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133126-2 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0509en

Agriculture

Agrovoc: soil organic carbon; carbon sequestration; land improvement; cultivated land; methodology; monitoring techniques; sustainable development Abstract: This document provides a conceptual framework and standard methodologies for the monitoring, reporting and verification of changes in SOC stocks and GHG emissions/removals from agricultural projects that adopt sustainable soil management practices (SSM) at farm level. It is intended to be applied in different agricultural lands, including annual and perennial crops (food, fibre, forage and bioenergy crops), paddy rice, grazing lands with livestock including pastures, grasslands, rangelands, shrublands, silvopasture and agroforestry. Although developed for projects carried out at farm level, potential users include investors, research institutions, government agencies, consultants, agricultural companies, NGOs, individual farmers or farmer associations, supply chain and other users who are interested in measuring and estimating SOC stocks and changes and GHG emissions in response to management practices. The document is an outcome of the successful Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon (GSOC17), which was held in Rome in March 2017. The document is of technical nature in support of the Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration work. Its use is not mandatory but of voluntary nature.

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content as: FAO. 2020. A of soil organic carbon in

protocol for measurement, monitoring, reporting and agricultural landscapes –GSOC-MRV Protocol. Rome.

WaPOR database methodology: release 2020.

Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 90 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-132981-8 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9894en Agrovoc: agricultural production; land use; water use; water productivity; water availability; climate; precipitation; phenology; evapotranspiration; above ground biomass; land cover; classification; remote sensing; spatial data; databases; FAO; Africa; Middle East Abstract: The FAO portal to monitor Water Productivity through Open Access of Remotely sensed derived data (WaPOR) provides, as of today, access to 11 years of continued observations over Africa and the Near East. The portal provides open access to various spatial data layers related to land and water use for agricultural production and allows for direct data queries, time series analyses, area statistics and data download of key variables to estimate water and

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land productivity gaps in irrigated and rain fed agriculture. WaPOR Version 2 was launched in June 2019 based on extensive internal and external validation and quality assessment. This document describes the methodology used to produce Version 2 of the data at the 250m (Level 1), 100m (Level 2) and 30m (Level 3) resolution distributed through the WaPOR portal.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. WaPOR database methodology: Version 2 release, April 2020. Rome.

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Empowering young agri-entrepreneurs to invest in agriculture and food systems. Policy recommendations based on lessons learned from eleven African countries.

Type of publication: Book Author: Fiedler, Y. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Other Entities Involved: Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture Pages: 66 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133342-6 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1124en Agrovoc: agrifood sector; youth employment; entrepreneurs; support measures; empowerment; investment promotion; Africa Abstract: Measures that empower young agri-entrepreneurs should be a key component of a sustainable developmentcentred investment promotion strategy. The very realization of future generations’ food security, the sustainable transformation of food systems and the combat against unemployment and distress migration all depend upon the successful implementation of strategies that make the agri-food sector more attractive for the youth. This, in turn, requires smart policy responses that will help young investors overcome the numerous barriers they face – access to finance, land, information and technical services, to name but the most crucial ones. Since 2017, FAO has provided support to African and South-East Asian countries in identifying key challenges for young agri-entrepreneurs and good practices through participatory capacity analyses and strategic planning processes which were carried out with, and for the youth. This report summarizes the main findings and lessons learned from FAO’s work with eleven African countries – Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea Conakry, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, Tunisia and Uganda. It identifies key challenges and policy recommendations regarding youth’s access to finance; land; technical services and information; as well as the engagement of youth in policy-making processes. The report also contains a set of five overall key policy recommendations for the empowerment of young agri-entrepreneurs.

Download publication Cite this content as: Fiedler, Y. 2020. Empowering young agri-entrepreneurs to invest in agriculture and food systems – Policy recommendations based on lessons learned from eleven African countries. Rome.

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Newsletter Mediterranean Agronomic Institue of Bari DOCUMENTATION CENTRE - CIHEAM BARI Agricultural finance and the youth: prospects for financial inclusion in Kenya.

Rural Employment - Knowledge materials – Rural Finance

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Type of publication: Book Author: Benni, N., Berno, D., Hitomi, H. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 68 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133674-8 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2297en Agrovoc: agrifood sector; rural youth; rural finance; business enterprises; support measures; Kenya Abstract: The aim of this publication is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of financial inclusion among the Kenyan youth, especially those residing in rural and financially underserved areas. In particular, the study seeks to illustrate the clear linkage between the substantial financial access gap faced nowadays by the Kenyan youth and their inability to pursue high value-added entrepreneurial opportunities, chiefly in the agribusiness sector. The study sets out to analyze the core constraints and opportunities associated with the provision of tailored financial services to young Kenyans (especially first-time entrepreneurs), while showcasing the essential role that key supporting actors (such as the government, international development institutions, NGOs, foundations and many others) can play in fostering the provision and uptake of such services.

Download publication Cite this content as: Benni, N., Berno, D. & Hitomi, H. 2020. Agricultural finance and the youth: prospects for financial inclusion in Kenya. Rome, FAO.

Responsible investments in agriculture and food systems – A practical handbook for parliamentarians and parliamentary advisors Type of publication: Book Author: FAO and IISD Publisher: FAO and IISD Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Other Entities Involved: The International Institute for Sustainable Development Pages: 118 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133589-5 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1991en Agrovoc: responsible investment; responsible investment in agriculture; agrifood systems; sustainable agriculture; governance; legislation Abstract: This Practical Handbook is directed to Members of Parliament and Parliamentary Advisors, who are considered “change agents”. It provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the role that Parliamentarians can play in the creation of reliable, coherent, and transparent “enabling environments” in the range of areas related to investment in agriculture and food systems. The Handbook does so, not through a catalog of prescriptions, but through guidance notes, examples of good practices, and very practical indications. It does not aim to provide a blueprint to be implemented by each Parliament but rather it sets out key stages of processes and mechanisms for MPs and advisors to consider while promoting responsible investment in agriculture and food systems. Part 1 of the Handbook presents the

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Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems and explains: why there is an urgent need to enhance responsible investment in agriculture and food systems: high levels of malnutrition and poverty (exacerbated by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic), population growth and urbanization, increasing demand for more resourceintensive diets, climate change, and its severe impacts; what is responsible investment in agriculture and food systems: “Responsible investment in agriculture and food systems contributes to sustainable development by generating positive socio-economic and environmental impacts, enhancing food security and nutrition. It requires progressively respecting, protecting and fulfilling human rights”; and how can it contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and national development plans - scaling up support to small scale farmers, engaging and empowering youth, closing the gender gap, and improving access to infrastructure, public services, and agricultural finance, and, in general, investing in the sustainable production of safe and nutritious food while contributing to improving inclusion in the food system, prioritizing vulnerable populations and adopting a human rights-based approach to food security, in line with the SDGs spirit of addressing inequalities and ensuring that no one is left behind. In Part 2, through specific Guidance Notes, Parliamentarians and advisors are guided through concrete actions they can implement in their countries to improve and increase investments, actions such as: executing a national policy, legislative, and institutional frameworks assessment; ensuring consistency in the legal and policy framework; advocating to reform existing laws and/or adopt new laws; ensuring adequate financing for the implementation of laws related to responsible investments in agriculture and food systems and ensuring effective parliamentary oversight are detailed throughout. In addition to their essential role for the enactment of legislation and adoption of budgets, and of ensuring accountability of governments for the effective implementation of commitments, parliamentarians, and parliamentary advisors are custodians of their country’s plans for sustainable development and have a strategic responsibility to raise awareness of citizens on issues of paramount importance. To support parliamentarians and advisors in creating effective partnerships with other stakeholders, such as other parliamentarians, the private sector, the civil society, and academia, Part 3 provides tailored key messages that can be used ad hoc in meetings, conferences, and in other kinds of communications such as reports, press releases, and social media. It includes useful explanations of how data and country-level statistics can support advocacy and communication activities.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO and IISD. 2020. Responsible investments in agriculture and food systems – A practical handbook for parliamentarians and parliamentary advisors. Rome.

Role of income inequality in shaping outcomes on individual food insecurity.

Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 - FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 19-06 Type of publication: Book Author: Holleman, C., Conti, V. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 44 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133609-0 Serial Title: FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Papers ; 19-06 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2036en Agrovoc: income distribution; economic growth; food security; impact assessment; analysis; Developing countries Abstract: Despite relatively high economic growth rates in many developing countries in the last two decades, income inequality has remained high and even increased. This has important policy implications as high-income inequality undercuts the benefits of economic growth in reducing food insecurity. This paper uses the 2014 Gallup World Poll (GWP) dataset of individual food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and employs a three-level linear probability model to assess the macro-economic effects of economic growth and income inequality

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on individual food insecurity. Results show that increases in the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita are concurrent with declines in individual food insecurity. However, income inequality increases the likelihood of food insecurity, and where there is economic growth it undercuts the positive effect of economic growth on individual food security. The findings suggest that by tackling income inequality, economic growth can become a force for reducing food insecurity, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Download publication Cite this content as: Holleman, C. & Conti, V. 2020. Role of income inequality in shaping outcomes on individual food insecurity. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 19-06. Rome, FAO.

The impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security - An analysis of the evidence and case studies. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018.

Type of publication: Book Author: Holleman, C., Rembold, F., Crespo, O. & Conti, V. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 108 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133718-9 Serial Title: FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Studies ; 4 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2415en Agrovoc: climate change; extreme weather events; food security; agricultural sector; analysis; case studies Abstract: Global climate studies show that not only temperatures are increasing and precipitation levels are becoming more varied, all projections indicate these trends will continue. It is therefore imperative that we understand changes in climate over agricultural areas and their impacts on agriculture production and food security. This study presents new analysis on the impact of changing climate on agriculture and food security, by examining the evidence on recent climate variability and extremes over agricultural areas and the impact of these on agriculture and food security. It shows that more countries are exposed to increasing climate variability and extremes and the frequency (the number of years exposed in a five-year period) and intensity (the number of types of climate extremes in a five-year period) of exposure over agricultural areas have increased.

The findings of this study are compelling and bring urgency to the fact that climate variability and extremes are proliferating and intensifying and are contributing to a rise in global hunger. The world’s 2.5 billion small-scale farmers, herders, fishers, and forest-dependent people, who derive their food and income from renewable natural resources, are most at risk and affected. Actions to strengthen the resilience of livelihoods and food systems to climate variability and extremes urgently need to be scaled up and accelerated.

Download publication Cite this content as: Holleman, C., Rembold, F., Crespo, O. & Conti, V. 2020. The impact of climate variability and extremes on agriculture and food security – An analysis of the evidence and case studies. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 4. Rome, FAO.

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Analysis of alternative routes of public investment in agriculture and their impact on economic growth and rural poverty reduction in Nicaragua Type of publication: Book Author: Sánchez, M.V. ; Cicowiez, M. ; Ramírez, J. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 80 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133351-8

By Country/Territory: Nicaragua Serial Title: FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Studies ; 8 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1149en Agrovoc: agrifood sector; public investment; impact assessment; rural poverty; production increase; employment; infrastructure; economic growth; simulation models; comparative analysis; Nicaragua Abstract: In the face of the economic downturn that Nicaragua experienced in 2018 and the need for a recovery, the study provides a comparative analysis of how investments in productive infrastructure in different agri-food sectors would impact growth and poverty. The analysis is based on scenarios generated through an economy-wide model representing the Nicaraguan economy and its sectors. The model includes financing constraints and the study explores different financing options for the new investments.

Download publication Cite this content as: Sánchez, M.V., Cicowiez, M. & Ramírez, J. 2020. Analysis of alternative routes of public investment in agriculture and their impact on economic growth and rural poverty reduction in Nicaragua. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study 8. Rome, FAO.

Trade and Sustainable Development Goal 2 – Policy options and their tradeoffs Type of publication: Book Author: Gadhok, I. ; Mermigkas; G. ; Hepburn; J. ; Bellman, C. ; Krivonos, E. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 70 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133151-4 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0580en Agrovoc: trade policies; markets; Sustainable Development Goals; Goal 2 Zero hunger; action plans; investment; agricultural research; extension activities; technology transfer Abstract: With trade recognized as a means of implementation under Agenda 2030, policy-makers will need to ensure that trade, and policies affecting trade and markets, are taken into consideration as part of their efforts to achieve SDG 2. The five targets that set out the level and ambition of SDG 2 (ending hunger; ending all forms of malnutrition; doubling the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers; ensuring sustainable food production systems; and maintaining genetic diversity), as well as trade itself, often constitute distinct policy priorities for governments. Trade and related policy measures that may be designed to achieve one target can potentially have unintended negative consequences that undermine the achievement of other targets, both within the country where the measure is applied and in the trading partner countries. It is therefore important that policy-

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makers identify and recognize areas in which difficult tradeoffs may be needed between competing policy objectives, and identify possible ways in which these can be addressed. Furthermore, while the different targets set out under SDG 2 are mutually interdependent and inter-related, it is important to address the trade policy dimension of each component individually as part of a broader plan of action.

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Cite this content as: Gadhok, I., Mermigkas, G., Hepburn, J., Bellman, C., Krivonos, E. 2020. Trade and Sustainable Development Goal 2 – Policy options and their trade-offs. Rome, FAO.

FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE FAO Yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2018/FAO annuaire.

Statistiques des pêches et de l’aquaculture 2018/FAO anuario. Estadísticas de pesca y acuicultura 2018 Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: #110 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133371-6 Serial Title: FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics ; Yearbook 2018 (published 2020) doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1213t Agrovoc: fishery statistics; aquaculture statistics; trade statistics; production data; capture fisheries; employment; ships; statistical data Abstract: The FAO Yearbook of fishery and aquaculture statistics is a compilation of statistical data on capture fisheries and aquaculture production, employment, commodities production and trade, apparent fish consumption and fishing fleets. It is structured into a booklet (containing summary tables, notes on major trends, concepts, classifications and a map of FAO major fishing areas) and a USB card presenting the full yearbook package with all the key information and the complete set of statistical tables. L’Annuaire des statistiques des pêches et de l’aquaculture de la FAO est une compilation de données statistiques sur les captures, la production de l’aquaculture, l’emploi, la production et le commerce des produits halieutiques, les bilans alimentaires et les flottes. L’Annuaire est composé d’un fascicule (contenant des tableaux résumés, des notes sur les tendances principales, une description des concepts et des classements, ainsi qu’une carte des principales zones de pêche de la FAO) et d’une clé USB incluant la totalité des renseignements et la collection complète des tableaux statistiques de l’Annuaire. El Anuario de estadísticas de pesca y acuicultura de la FAO es una compilación de datos estadísticos sobre las capturas, la producción de acuicultura, el empleo, la producción y el comercio de los productos pesqueros, las hojas de balance de alimentos y las flotas. El Anuario se compone de un cuadernillo (con cuadros resúmenes, notas sobre las tendencias principales, conceptos básicos y clasificaciones, así como un mapa de las principales zonas de pesca de la FAO) y de una tarjeta USB que incluye toda la información y el conjunto completo de los cuadros estadísticos del Anuario.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. FAO yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2018/FAO annuaire. Statistiques des pêches et de l’aquaculture 2018/ FAO anuario. Estadísticas de pesca y acuicultura 2018. Rome/Roma.

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Global trends in status and management of assessed stocks: achieving sustainable fisheries through effective management Type of publication: Book Author: Melnychuk, M. C., Baker, N., Hively, D., Mistry, K., Pons, M., Ashbrook, C. E., Minto, C., Hilborn, R., Ye, Y. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 152 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133541-3 Serial Title: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Papers ; 665 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1800en Agrovoc: sustainable fisheries; fishery management; fish stocks; stock assessment; stocking density; trends Abstract: This report provides an overview of the biological status of assessed stocks around the world and relates measures of stock status to the strength of fisheries management. Stock assessment outputs, consisting primarily of time series of abundance and fishing pressure relative to target reference points, were compiled for 548 marine fish and invertebrate stocks in the RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database. Data summary methods included: global and regional mean trends of abundance and fishing pressure relative to target reference points; bivariate plots of relative abundance and fishing pressure; estimates of potential equilibrium yield foregone at current fishing pressure; and proportions of stocks in different biomass status categories. These measures of stock status were summarized at the global level as well as separated by 16 FAO Major Fishing Areas and ocean basin regions for comparison.

Download publication Cite this content as: Melnychuk M. C., Baker N., Hively D., Mistry K., Pons M., Ashbrook C. E., Minto C., Hilborn R. & Ye Yi. 2020. Global trends in status and management of assessed stocks: achieving sustainable fisheries through effective management. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 665. FAO, Rome.

Transición hacia un enfoque ecosistémico de la pesca. Lecciones aprendidas de pesquerías de América del Sur Type of publication: Book Author: Defeo, O. y Vasconcellos, M. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 167 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133664-9

By Country/Territory: South America Serial Title: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Papers ; 668 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2229es Agrovoc: ecosystem approaches; fisheries; fishery management; case studies; good practices; South America Abstract: La FAO ha promovido el enfoque ecosistémico de la pesca (EEP) como una aproximación holística dirigida a mejorar la situación crítica de la pesca a nivel mundial. A pesar de la amplia aceptación del EEP, se desconoce el grado en que la adopción de dicho marco condujo, en la práctica, a cambios reales en los sistemas de gestión. Esta publicación analiza siete pesquerías de América del Sur que intentaron desarrollar sistemas de manejo de acuerdo con principios básicos de un EEP: la vieira Zygochlamys patagonica y la anchoíta

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Engraulis anchoita en Argentina; el camarón siete barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri en Suriname; la almeja amarilla Mesodesma mactroides en Uruguay; el loco Concholepas concholepas en Chile; el pepino de mar Isostichopus fuscus en Ecuador; y la anchoveta Engraulis ringens en Perú. El análisis comparativo de estas pesquerías permitió identificar condiciones contextuales preexistentes propicias para el logro de pesquerías exitosas, incluyendo: (1) la presencia de límites del sistema pesquero bien definidos, con una clara correspondencia entre las escalas ecológica (recurso), de operación (pesca) y gestión (unidad de manejo); (2) fuerte cohesión interna, liderazgo y tradiciones en las comunidades pesqueras; (3) un marco legal adecuado para la implementación del EEP; y (4) condiciones institucionales propicias, tales como reglas de acceso bien definidas y gobernanza colaborativa entre los usuarios y los gobiernos centrales en el largo plazo. Los factores que desencadenaron cambios en el enfoque de gobernanza y que llevaron a sistemas de manejo más holísticos estuvieron relacionados, en la mayoría de los casos, a crisis pesqueras, aunque en otros casos el incentivo o factor disparador fuede naturaleza económica (e.g., certificación pesquera). Fue posible identificar logros relevantes como resultado de dichos cambios, que se vieron reflejados en los cuatro pilares de la sostenibilidad, i.e., ecológicos, sociales, económicos e institucionales. Se observaron efectos importantes de forzantes externos afectando a los sistemas pesqueros a diferentes escalas de espacio y tiempo, tales como el clima, los mercados, la acuicultura y la inestabilidad y fragilidad en los sistemas de gobernanza. Se describen estrategias de adaptación y mitigación para contender con estos impactos en diferentes etapas del ciclo de manejo, así como para aumentar la resiliencia de los sistemas pesqueros en el largo plazo.

Download publication Cite this content as: Defeo, O. y Vasconcellos, M. 2020. Transición hacia un enfoque ecosistémico de la pesca Lecciones aprendidas de pesquerías de América del Sur. FAO Documento técnico de pesca y acuicultura N.o 668. Roma, FAO. Identification guide to the mesopelagic fishes of the central and south east Atlantic Ocean Type of publication: Book Author: Sutton, T.T. ; Hulley, P.A. ; Wienerroither, R. ; Zaera-Perez, D. ; Paxton, J.R. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 346 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133094-4 Serial Title: FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes ; 1 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0365en Agrovoc: pelagic fisheries; fishes; species; identification; nomenclature; animal morphology; geographical distribution; Atlantic Ocean; Central Atlantic; Southeast Atlantic Abstract: This identification guide includes 552 species of mesopelagic fishes (i.e. those fishes residing primarily between 200-1000 m depth during daytime) that are known to occur in the central and south east Atlantic Ocean. Fully illustrated dichotomous keys to all taxa are provided. Species are treated in detail, with accounts including the scientific name, FAO common name in English (where available), other useful characters, size, a distribution map, and one or more illustrations. To facilitate even further the identification of the taxa, captions and arrows are added to help users quickly locate their key morphological features. The guide is intended for both specialists, and nonspecialists who have a working knowledge of ichthyology.

Download publication Cite this content as: Sutton, T.T., Hulley, P.A., Wienerroither, R., Zaera-Perez, D. and J.R. Paxton. 2020. Identification guide to the mesopelagic fishes of the central and south east Atlantic Ocean. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. Rome, FAO.

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Pulp and paper capacities, survey 2019–2024 / Capacités de la pâte et du papier, enquête 2019–2024 / Capacidades de pulpa y papel, estudio 2019–2024 Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 214 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133370-9 Serial Title: Pulp and Paper Capacities (Tri) ; 2019–2024 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1212t data; production

Abstract: The annual FAO survey of world pulp and paper capacities is based on figures received from correspondents. The following are some features of the presentation: country tables for pulp and paper are presented on one page; grade tables show the volume of production capacity by country, for each product and product aggregate code; and production tables by country. Le recensement annuel de la FAO sur les capacités mondiales de production de pâte et de papier se fond sur les chiffres envoyés par les correspondants. La présentation des données est caractérisée par les points suivants: les tableaux par pays pour la pâte et le papier sont présentés chacun sur une page; les tableaux par produit indiquent la capacité de production par pays, pour tous les produits et groupes de produits codés; et les tableaux de production par pays. La encuesta anual de la FAO sobre la capacidad mundial de producción de pulpa y papel se basa en los datos recibidos de los corresponsales. Cabe señalar las siguientes características de la presentación: los cuadros relativos a la pulpa y papel por países se ofrecen en una página; los cuadros por productos indican el volumen de la capacidad de producción por países, en relación con cada producto y el código de la suma de productos; y los cuadros de producción por país.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. Pulp and paper capacities – Survey | Capacités de la pâte et du papier - Enquête | Capacidades de pulpa y papel - Estudio 2019–2024. Rome.

From reference levels to results reporting: REDD+ under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: 2020 update.

Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 78 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133510-9 Serial Title: Forestry Working Paper ; 19 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1635en Agrovoc: deforestation; forest degradation; forest protection; REDDplus; emission reduction; climate change mitigation; National Forest Monitoring and Assessment

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Forestry

Agrovoc: pulp and paper industry; production possibilities; statistical data; paperboard; surveys

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Abstract: This report provides an update on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation Plus1 (REDD+) forest reference (emission) levels (FREL/FRLs) and REDD+ results submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and relevant developments under the Green Climate Fund concerningREDD+ results-based payments. It illustrates the choices countries have made when constructing their FREL/FRLs and areas for improvement identified during technical assessments. Such information can help countries to learn from each other.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. From reference levels to results reporting: REDD+ under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change – 2020 update. Rome, FAO.

Forestry

Community-based forestry assessment: a training manual Type of publication: Book Author: FAO and RECOFTC Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Bangkok, Thailand Other Entities Involved: RECOFTC Pages: 106 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133148-4 Serial Title: Forestry Working Paper ; 16 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0570en Agrovoc: community forestry; community involvement; sustainable forest management; frameworks; assessment; training materials Abstract: In 2019, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) published a framework to provide important insights into the successes and shortcomings of community-based forestry at the country level. A framework to assess the extent and effectiveness of community-based forestry also helps national governments determine and track the extent and effectiveness of the wide array of CBF initiatives. This training manual is written for forestry practitioners who want to learn how to use FAO’s framework Download publication Cite this content as: FAO and RECOFTC. Community-based forestry assessment – A training manual. Forestry Working Paper No. 16. Bangkok.

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STATISTICS

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Global review of agricultural census methodologies and results (2006 – 2015).

World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010 Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2021 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 242 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133799-8 Serial Title: FAO Statistical Development Series ; 18 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2650en

Abstract: At the end of each census round, FAO reviews and assesses national census practices, methodologies and results, and summarizes the findings in methodological publications, under the Statistical Development Series (SDS). For the WCA 2010 round (2006–2015), these assessments have been presented in two separate publications. The first one, titled “Main results and metadata by country” (SDS 17), published in 2019, presented a compendium of census metadata and main results for a record number of 127 countries and territories.

The SDS 18, i.e. this publication, presents in its first part (Chapters 1 to 12) a methodological review of the national censuses. In its second part (Chapter 13), it illustrates global comparable data on key variables characterizing the structure of agriculture. The global review of census results includes key structural variables that are not available elsewhere. Some examples are number and area of holdings, land tenure and holder gender. Other variables are land size classes, average holding sizes, legal status of holders, household sizes, source of farm labour, land use and operated land.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2021. Global review of agricultural census methodologies and results (2006–2015). World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2010. FAO Statistical Development Series No. 18. Rome.

World Food and Agriculture - Statistical Yearbook 2020 Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 366 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133394-5 Serial Title: FAO Statistical Yearbook ; 2020 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1329en Agrovoc: agricultural sector; agricultural resources; food security; food supply; Sustainable Development Goals; agricultural statistics; production data; statistical data; world Abstract: This publication offers a synthesis of the major factors at play in the global food and agricultural landscape. Statistics are presented in four thematic chapters, covering the economic importance of agricultural activities, inputs, outputs and factors of production, their implications for food security

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Statistic

Agrovoc: agricultural censuses; statistical data; data collection; data processing; methods; assessment

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and nutrition and their impacts on the environment. The Yearbook is meant to constitute a primary tool for policy makers, researchers and analysts, as well as the general public interested in the past, present and future path of food and agriculture.

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Animal production and health

Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. World Food and Agriculture - Statistical Yearbook 2020. Rome.

World Food and Agriculture - Statistical Pocketbook 2020 Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 140 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133472-0 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1521en Agrovoc: agricultural sector; agricultural resources; food security; food supply; Sustainable Development Goals; agricultural statistics; production data; statistical data; world Abstract: FAO’s Statistical Pocketbook complements the Statistical Yearbook, by providing, in an easy and simple way, quick access to top-level numbers, charts and maps on many dimensions of food and agriculture – from the characteristics of the sector to production, prices and trade, as well as food security and nutrition and environmental aspects.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. World Food and Agriculture - Statistical Pocketbook 2020. Rome.

ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH

Introduction and spread of lumpy skin disease in South, East and Southeast Asia. Qualitative risk assessment and management Type of publication: Book Author: Roche, X., Rozstalnyy, A., TagoPacheco, D., Pittiglio, C., Kamata, A., Beltran Alcrudo, D., Bisht, K., Karki, S., Kayamori, J., Larfaoui, F., Raizman, E., VonDobschuetz, S.,Dhingra, M.S. and Sumption, K. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 62 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133563-5 Serial Title: FAO Animal Production and Health Papers ; 183 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1892en Agrovoc: animal diseases; vector-borne diseases; lumpy skin disease; epidemiology; disease transmission; risk assessment; disease control; animal health; South Asia; East

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Asia; South East Asia Abstract: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a vector-borne disease of cattle and Asian water buffalo that is included on the OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) list of notifiable diseases. In July 2019 LSD was introduced to Bangladesh, China and India and then spread to Nepal and Bhutan and in 2020 to various provinces of China and India. A qualitative risk assessment was conducted to assess the likelihood of introduction and/or spread of LSD in 23 countries in South, East and Southeast Asia based on information available up to 31 October 2020. The economic impact of LSD for South, East and Southeast countries was estimated to be up to USD 1.45 billion in direct losses of livestock and production.

These losses may be higher, due to the severe trade implications for infected countries. This document provides an overview of LSD control approaches, including prevention. The cost-effectiveness estimation demonstrates a strong economic justification for vaccination and advocates for a regional approach to harmonize control measures.

Download publication Cite this content as: Roche, X., Rozstalnyy, A., TagoPacheco, D., Pittiglio, C., Kamata, A., Beltran Alcrudo, D., Bisht, K., Karki, S., Kayamori, J., Larfaoui, F., Raizman, E., VonDobschuetz, S., Dhingra, M.S. and Sumption, K. 2020. Introduction and spread of lumpy skin disease in South, East and Southeast Asia: Qualitative risk assessment and management. FAO animal production and health, Paper 183. Rome, FAO.

African swine fever: detection and diagnosis – A manual for veterinarians Type of publication: Book Author: Beltrán-Alcrudo, D.; Arias, M. ; Gallardo, C. ; Kramer, S. ; Penrith, M.L. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2017 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 92 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-109752-6 Serial Title: FAO Animal Production and Health Manual ; 19 Agrovoc: African swine fever; African swine fever virus; diagnosis; veterinarians; guidelines; epidemiology; risk prevention; disease control; Swine; forest managers; awareness raising

level.

Abstract: Given the current worsening of the African swine fever situation worldwide, this field manual will be aimed to assist veterinarians in the prompt recognition and detection of the disease and the immediate control steps at farm

Download publication Cite this content as: Beltrán-Alcrudo, D.; Arias, M. ; Gallardo, C. ; Kramer, S. ; Penrith, M.L. 2017. African swine fever: detection and diagnosis - A manual for veterinarians. FAO Animal production and health, Paper 19. Rome, FAO.

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Animal production and health

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Newsletter Mediterranean Agronomic Institue of Bari DOCUMENTATION CENTRE - CIHEAM BARI Environmental performance of feed additives in livestock supply chains.

Guidelines for assessment

Animal production and health

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Type of publication: Book Author: FAO Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 162 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-132941-2 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9744en Agrovoc: livestock production; animal feeding; feed production; feed additives; feed supply chain; animal performance; impact assessment; methodology; guidelines Abstract: The production and the use of feed additives influence the environmental impact of livestock production. The use of feed additives significantly acts on feed efficiency, and thus animal and environmental performance. The methodology developed in these guidelines aims to introduce a harmonized international approach to the assessment of the environmental performance of feed additives in livestock supply chains taking into consideration the impact of their production and use all along the supply chain for large ruminants, pigs and poultry. The objective of this technical document is twofold: on the one hand, to provide detailed guidance on how to measure the environmental performance of the production of feed additives, and on the other hand, how to measure the effects of feed additives on the environmental performance of livestock products.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO. 2020. Environmental performance of feed additives in livestock supply chains – Guidelines for assessment – Version 1. Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance Partnership (FAO LEAP). Rome.

Livestock Activity Data Guidance (L-ADG): Methods and guidance on compilation of activity data for Tier 2 livestock GHG inventories Type of publication: Book Author: FAO and Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: New Zealand Other Entities Involved: Global Research Alliance Pages: 154 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-132117-1 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca7510en Agrovoc: livestock; greenhouse gas emissions; surveys; data collection; data analysis Abstract: The Livestock Activity Data Guidance (L-ADG) provides practical methods for countries to estimate the activity data used to compile livestock GHG inventories using the IPCC Tier 2 approach. The purpose is to support countries to improve the accuracy of the livestock emission estimates in national GHG inventories, and thus enable countries to measure and report progress towards their NDCs. Download publication Cite this content as: FAO and Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases. 2020. Livestock Activity Data Guidance (L-ADG): Methods and guidance on compilation of activity data for Tier 2 livestock GHG inventories.

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CLIMATE CHANGE

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A common framework for agriculture and land use in the nationally determined contributions

the Pacific

Agrovoc: agricultural sector; land use; weather hazards; climate change mitigation; climate change adaptation; action plans; Sustainable Development Goals; Asia and

Abstract: This paper presents a sector-specific framework for better understanding the role of the AFOLU sector in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) at the country and aggregate level. It is designed to facilitate the stocktaking and analysis of national climate change mitigation and adaptation priorities, barriers to implementation and support needs specific to the AFOLU sector in order to inform country programming and guide the flow of external support.

It can also be used at the country-level to facilitate NDC enhancement and encourage compliance with the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) of the Paris Agreement. As such, it is directed at national policy makers sitting in ministries of environment, agriculture, finance and social planning, as well as at international and non-governmental organizations, development agencies and banks and finance institutions. To date, the framework has been adopted by FAO to conduct a series of regional-level analysis of the role of the AFOLU sector in the NDCs. Download publication Cite this content as: Crumpler, K., Meybeck, A., Federici, S., Salvatore, M., Damen, B., Gagliardi, G., Dasgupta, S., Bloise, M., Wolf, J. and Bernoux, M. 2020. A common framework for agriculture and land use in the nationally determined contributions. Environment and Natural Resources Management Working Papers No. 85. Rome, FAO.

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Climate change

Type of publication: Book Author: Crumpler, K.; Meybeck, A.; Federici, S.; Salvatore, M.; Damen, B.; Gagliardi, G.; Dasgupta, S.; Bloise, M.; Wolf, J.; Bernoux, M. Publisher: FAO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Pages: 54 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133499-7 Serial Title: Environment and Natural Resources Management Working Papers ; 85 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb1589en

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Newsletter Mediterranean Agronomic Institue of Bari DOCUMENTATION CENTRE - CIHEAM BARI FOOD SAFETY

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Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products Type of publication: Book Author: FAO and WHO Publisher: FAO and WHO Year of publications: 2020 Place of publication: Rome, Italy Other Entities Involved: WHO Pages: 372 p.

ISBN: 978-92-5-133170-5 doi: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb0658en

Food safety

Agrovoc: fishery products; fish handling; food contamination; risk management; quality controls; food safety; food hygiene; codex alimentarius; food standards Abstract: The Codex Alimentarius, “the food code”, has a fundamental role in protecting consumers all around the world and ensuring fair practices in food trade. The Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products is the essential reference point for technical guidance on the harvesting, processing, transport and sale of fish and fishery products.

Download publication Cite this content as: FAO and WHO. 2020. Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products. Rome.

Editor-in-chief:

Editorial board:

Luigi Sisto e-mail: l.sisto@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606265

Giuseppe Inchingolo e-mail: inchingolog@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606269 Wanda Occhialini e-mail: occhialini@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606266

Graphic design and layout:

Fabio La Notte e-mail: lanotte@iamb.it Tel.080/4606221

La presente newsletter non viene considerata una “testata giornalistica” e neppure un “prodotto editoriale” ai sensi della legge n° 62 del 7.03.2001. I testi e le immagini inserite nella sezione “news” sono tratte da siti internet e, pertanto, considerate di pubblico dominio. Tuttavia i curatori della presente si impegnano a citarne le fonti tramite link ai siti web di riferimento non ritenendosi quindi responsabili del loro contenuto che può essere soggetto a variazioni nel tempo.

This newsletter is neither deemed to be a “newspaper” nor an “editorial product” under the terms of law no. 62 of 7 March 2001. Texts and images in the “news” section are taken from Internet websites and are thus considered to be in the public domain. However, the editors of this newsletter are committed to quote the sources through links to the reference websites and, therefore, they shall not be held liable for their content that may be subject to possible changes over time.

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