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CIHEAM - IAM-B
ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI
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maggio/giugno 2011
Aquaculture planning : policy formulation and implementation for sustainable development / by Cécile Brugère, Neil Ridler, Graham Haylor, Graeme Macfadyen, Nathanael Hishamunda. - Rome : FAO c2010. - ix, 70 p. : ill. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture technical paper ; 542). With the dramatic recent growth of aquaculture, the planning of its development has become increasingly important. Proper planning will stimulate and guide the evolution of the sector by providing incentives and safeguards, attracting investment and boosting development. Moreover, it will help to ensure the long-term economic, environmental and social sustainability of the sector, and its ultimate contribution to economic growth and poverty alleviation. This paper provides practical guidance to aquaculture policy-makers and implementers on policy formulation and processes. It starts by reviewing governance concepts and international policy agendas relevant to aquaculture development and proceeds by defining “policy”, “strategy” and “plan” while explaining common planning terminology. The paper proposes practical steps for improving policy formulation processes. These include: recognizing a timely opportunity for change; ensuring coordination and communication among stakeholders; adopting a participatory approach; learning lessons from elsewhere; and accepting that conflicts may arise and lead to hard choices. It highlights means for implementing aquaculture policies, notes the benefits of an ecosystem approach and proposes a range of instruments which, if implemented at various levels, will help progress towards the development goals for the sector. However, the successful implementation of aquaculture policies depends on overcoming challenges related to weak human capacity, institutions and monitoring systems and to inadequate financial resources. Therefore, the paper also suggests the means to do so. Central to successful planning in the aquaculture sector are coherence in the planning process and an emphasis on interdisciplinarity beyond sectoral remit through institutional collaboration, human capacity development and participation. It is also necessary to embed the chosen approaches and instruments in the principles of good governance. Together, these key elements will ensure the soundness and effectiveness of aquaculture development policies and the positive contribution of the sector. Availability : on line version ORG 2875
Commercial aquaculture and economic growth, poverty alleviation and food security : assessment framework / by Nathanael Hishamunda, Junning Cai, PingSun Leung. Rome : FAO c2009. - vii, 58 p. : ill. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture technical paper ; 512). This paper proposes some methods for quantifying the contribution of aquaculture to national economies, poverty alleviation and food security so as to improve the much needed political and financial support to the sector for its adequate development. Aquaculture's contribution to a country's economy can be measured by “aquaculture value-added multiplier”, an indicator that represents the “increase in gross domestic product corresponding to a one-unit increase in aquaculture value-added. As alleviating poverty occurs by creating well paying jobs, evaluation of the contribution of aquaculture to poverty alleviation can be done through “aquaculture employment multiplier”, the increase in the total employment for the entire economy corresponding to one extra job created in aquaculture. The contribution to food availability, one of the three dimensions of food security, can be assessed through the “net sum of protein-equivalent” (direct contribution) and the “ratio between the aquaculture net foreign exchange earning and the total value of food imports” (indirect contribution). “Aquaculture labour-income and employment multipliers” can be used to quantify aquaculture's contribution to food access, the second dimension of food security. Aquaculture tax multiplier and the “aquaculture ratio between the net foreign exchange earning” and the “whole economy net foreign exchange earning” can be used to estimate the sector's contribution to food utilization, the third dimension of food security. Availability : on line version ORG 2876
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CIHEAM - IAM-B
ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI
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maggio/giugno 2011
Développement de l'aquaculture : gestion des resources génétiques / edited by Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture. - Rome : FAO, c2009. - xi, 160 p. : ill. - (Fao Directives Techniques pour une Pêche Responsable ; n. 5, suppl. 3). Ces directives techniques ont été développées en vue de soutenir les sections du Code de conduite pour une pêche responsable de la FAO sur les aspects liés à la gestion des ressources génétiques utilisées en aquaculture. Des recommandations y sont données concernant la gestion des géniteurs et la domestication, les programmes d'amélioration génétique, les programmes de dissémination destinés aux poissons génétiquement améliorés, les considérations économiques à apporter dans les programmes d'amélioration génétique, l'évaluation des risques et la surveillance, la pêche fondée sur l'élevage, la conservation des ressources génétiques halieutiques, les banques de gènes, l'approche de précaution à adopter ainsi que les relations publiques. La gestion des ressources génétiques, l'évaluation des risques et la surveillance effectuées de façon efficace peuvent contribuer à améliorer les résultats et l'efficacité de production tout en réduisant au minimum les effets néfastes sur l'environnement. Ces avantages tirés d'une application responsable des principes génétiques sur l'aquaculture devraient être divulgués aux consommateurs, aux décideurs politiques, aux scientifiques et à toute autre personne intéressée par les pêches et l'aquaculture responsables. Availability : on line version ORG 2877 Case studies in fisheries self-governance / edited by R. Townsend, Ross Shotton, H. Uchida. - Rome : FAO, c2008. - ix, 451 p. : ill. - (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper ; 504). This FAO Fisheries Technical Paper documents 32 case studies and four syntheses (Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States of America) on the role of industry in the governance and management of fisheries. The studies are drawn from ongoing practice in Europe, North America, Japan and Australasia. The types of fisheries cover those for crustaceans, fish, molluscs and echinoderms. In general the scale of the fisheries tends to be small, which has been one of the reasons attributed to their success. In all but one case it is clear that well-defined fishery rights have contributed to the success of the programmes though the initiative for development and adoption of the programmes covers a range of institutional causes. The case studies are intended to inform and provide potential models that may be used in other fisheries. Availability : on line version ORG 2878 Fisheries management : the ecosystem approach to fisheries : best practices in ecosystem modelling for informing an ecosystem approach to fisheries / edited by Francisco Arreguín-Sánchez … [et al.]. - Rome : FAO, c2008. - xi, 78 p. : ill. - (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper ; 4, Suppl. 2, Add. 1). Awareness of the limitations of a single-species approach to fisheries management has led to global acceptance of the need to adopt a wider ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) assessment and management. Applying EAF in management requires the application of scientific methods and tools that also go beyond the single-species approaches which used to be, to a large extent, the exclusive sources of scientific advice. Managers and decision-makers must now find management solutions that take into account the wider range of societal objectives that must be explicitly considered under EAF and the interactions in the ecosystem. Ecosystem models, i.e. models that represent a wider range of technological and ecological processes affecting the species in the ecosystem (including multispecies and whole ecosystem models), are potentially important tools for providing this wider scientific information. There are many different types of ecosystem models and they can vary enormously in terms of complexity. They can be used in different ways, ranging from contributing to conceptual understanding, providing information for strategic decisions through to making tactical decisions, although they are rarely used as yet for the last purpose. These guidelines were developed by a group of leading practioners in aquatic ecosystem modelling as a tool for provision of management advice. They are intended to assist users in the construction and application of ecosystem models for EAF. The guidelines address all steps of the modelling process, encompassing scoping and specifying the model, implementation, evaluation and advice on how to present and use the outputs. The overall goal of the guidelines is to assist in ensuring that the best possible information and advice is generated from ecosystem models and used wisely in management. Availability : on line version ORG 2879
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CIHEAM - IAM-B
ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI
www.iamb.it
maggio/giugno 2011
GEF Engagement in the Mediterranean Region / edited by Global Environment Facility. Washington : GEF, c2008. - 40 p. : ill. In the Mediterranean the human footprint driven by economic growth and, to a lesser extent, subsistence requirements has drastically increased. Protecting the environment of the Mediterranean Region - a biodiversity “hotspot� - is a priority for the beneficiary countries, the Global Environment Facility, and its partners, as evidenced in this report. In the Mediterranean, GEF has been engaged in 5 focal areas: Biodiversity (BD), Climate Change (CC), International Waters (IW), Land Degradation (LD), and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Since its founding in 1991, GEF has invested about $447 million (M) in the region, leveraging more than $1.720 billion in co-financing. This corresponds to an annual average of $15.3M up to the 3rd replenishment phase of the GEF. In the first two years of GEF's current 4th Replenishment, GEF investments of about $131M in the Mediterranean have more than quadrupled. This increase reflects recent environmental trends, as well as the financial gaps necessary to address the region's mounting global environmental challenges. Moreover, GEF-4 marks the first GEF investments to combat Land Degradation (LD) in the Mediterranean, with a $35M LD GEF-4 allocation to the region. The groundbreaking Integrated Nature Resources Management the Middle East and North Africa Region Program, known as MENARID, is a multi-focal program (LD, IW, CC/Adaptation, and BD) that adopts an integrated approach to natural resources management in the drylands to improve the economic and social well-being of targeted communities through the restoration and maintenance of key ecosystem functions. Water scarcity in productive landscapes is a common concern. Under GEF-4, the Mediterranean countries have also agreed on a collective effort to protect the natural resources of the Mediterranean Sea: the Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (SPMS). Availability : on line version ORG 2880
The potential for scale and sustainability in weather index insurance for agriculture and rural livelihoods / edited by P. Hazell ‌ [et al.]. - Rome : International Fund for Agricultural Development and World Food Programme, c 2010. - 151 p. : ill. Risk is inherent in agriculture. Farmers face a variety of market and production risks that make their incomes unstable and unpredictable from year to year. Input prices may increase out of reach, crops may be destroyed by drought or pest outbreaks, selling prices may plummet and harvests may rot in poor storage facilities. In many cases, farmers also confront the risk of natural catastrophe. Assets and lives may be lost due to severe droughts, hurricanes, earthquakes and floods. The type and severity of the risks confronting farmers are particularly burdensome to small-scale farmers in the developing world. Unless adequately managed, agricultural risks slow economic development, hamper poverty reduction and contribute to humanitarian crises. Many risks can be managed. Farmers, rural communities, financial service providers, input suppliers, private insurers and relief agencies each have strategies for coping with chronic and catastrophic risk. But the difficulties and costs involved in managing covariate risk (those risks that affect large numbers of people at one time) are especially challenging. Farmers and rural communities typically cannot manage covariate risk without outside help. Unfortunately, outside help faces many challenges. Financial service providers have limited their activities in rural areas. Input suppliers typically serve only the least risky clients. Even help from governments and relief agencies is costly and can be ineffective. In recent years, however, an increasing number of pilot programmes have tested an innovative idea in managing covariate risk in agriculture: index insurance.1 Weather index-based insurance is a financial product linked to an index highly correlated to local yields. Indemnifications are triggered by pre-specified patterns of the index, as opposed to actual yields, reducing the occurrence of moral hazard and adverse selection and eliminating the need for in-field assessments. In addition, because the insurance product is based on an independently verifiable index, it can also be reinsured, thus allowing insurance companies to efficiently transfer part of their risk to international markets. Availability : on line version ORG 2881
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News from the Library
CIHEAM - IAM-B
ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI
www.iamb.it
maggio/giugno 2011
Regenerative organic farming : a solution to global warming / edited by Tim J. LaSalle, Paul Hepperly. - Kutztown : Kutztown Rodale Institute, c2008. - 20 p. : ill. Agriculture is an undervalued and underestimated climate change tool that could be one of the most powerful strategies in the fight against global warming. Nearly 30 years of Rodale Institute soil carbon data show conclusively that improved global terrestrial stewardship--specifically including regenerative organic agricultural practices--can be the most effective currently available strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions. Rodale Institute's Farming Systems TrialŽ (FST) is the longest-running side-by-side comparison of organic and conventional farming systems in the U.S. and one of the oldest trials in the world. It has documented the benefits of an integrated systems approach to farming using regenerative organic practices. These include cover crops, composting and crop rotation to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide by pulling it from the air and storing it in the soil as carbon. Results from these practices - corroborated at other research centers that include University of California at Davis, University of Illinois, Iowa State University and USDA Beltsville, Maryland, research facility - reiterate the vast, untapped potential of organic agricultural practices to solve global warming. Agricultural carbon sequestration has the potential to substantially mitigate global warming impacts. When using biologically based regenerative practices, this dramatic benefit can be accomplished with no decrease in yields or farmer profits. Even though climate and soil type affect sequestration capacities, these multiple research efforts verify that practical organic agriculture, if practiced on the planet's 3.5 billion tillable acres, could sequester nearly 40 percent of current CO2 emissions. Rodale Institute advocates a rapid, nationwide transition from today's prevailing, petroleum-based farming methods to more advanced “post-modern“ systems incorporating best practices based on replicated research. We call this approach regenerative organic agriculture to signify its focus on renewing resources through complementary biological systems which feed and improve the soil as well as avoiding harmful synthetic inputs. This is the full meaning of our preferred farming style in this discussion. Availability : on line version ORG 2882
The difference we make / edited by IFAD. - Rome : International Fund for Agricultural Development, c2010. - 30 p. : ill. There are 1.4 billion extremely poor people in the world, living on less than US$1.25 a day. About 1 billion of these men, women and children live in the rural areas of developing countries. Nearly 2 billion rural people live on less than US$2 a day. Most are smallholder farmers and their families, who depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Today, they must cope with rapid and unprecedented changes. Climate change, a growing world population, and volatile food and energy prices are pushing more people into extreme poverty and hunger. For the first time in human history, the number of hungry people has passed 1 billion. On top of this, tens of millions more people are expected to go hungry by 2020 as a result of climate change. Strengthening the ability of smallholder farmers to respond to these challenges benefits all of us. Smallholder farmers have the potential to grow more food to help feed the world, store carbon on their land to slow the impact of climate change, and supply more renewable energy. Rural poverty can be overcome, but this requires long-term solutions. These include: the right policies at national and international levels ; greater investment in smallholder agriculture ; building the capacity of poor rural women and men and their organizations Governments, smallholder farmers and their organizations, and other development partners must work together to transform rural economies and create opportunities that result in lasting improvements for rural communities. To help them do so is IFAD's challenge. Availability : on line version ORG 2883
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CIHEAM - IAM-B
ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI
www.iamb.it
maggio/giugno 2011
Data collection on organic agriculture worldwide : IFOAM Organic World Congress, Korea, September 28 - October 2, 2011 / edited by Helga Willer. - Frick : Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, c2011. - 65 p. : ill. Data on organic farming are needed for policy makers as a decision tool and to assess the success of policy measures, and for market actors to assess the market/economic impact. More information on production, domestic supply with organic food, export volumes and yields is needed. There is a clear need for governments to provide better data. With more and more countries implementing organic farming regulations data collection activities should be eased in the future, and governments should support such activities. Availability : on line version ORG 2890
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CIHEAM - IAM-B
ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI
www.iamb.it
maggio/giugno 2011
The biology of the muscidae of the world / by Peter Skidmore. - Dordrecht : Junk pub., 1985. - 559 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. Of the many insects that man finds objectionable it is the houseflies and their relatives that impinge most persistently upon his attention. Whether as sweatflies, houseflies or filth flies, as pests of domesticated animals, or as invaders of house and farms, the Muscidae are abundant in tropical and temperate areas, at altitudes up to 5000metres and in all habitats except the most arid. Available: A01-125
Insecticides in agriculture and environment : retrospects and prospects / A. S. Perry [et al.]. - Berlin : Heidelberg : Springer, 1998. Since the dawn of civilization, insects have been plaguing human habitats. In order to combat the situation, man has come up with various methods. Available H20-303
A guide to the breeding habits and immature stages of diptera cyclorrhapha / by P. Ferrar. - Leiden : Brill ; Copenhagen : Scandinavian science press, c1987. - 2 v. ; 26 cm. Part 1 is text; a survey of all literature of ecology and morphology of cyclorrhaphous fly larvae up to 1987. It is organized by family and includes many summary tables for particularly complex families such as Muscidae. Part 2 is all figures. These works are peerless in breadth as reference material and are well written enough to be worth reading in full. Available A01-127 ; A01-128
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News from the Library
CIHEAM - IAM-B
ISTITUTO AGRONOMICO MEDITERRANEO DI BARI
www.iamb.it
maggio/giugno 2011
S'Ortu Mannu : gli olivi millenari. - [Cagliari] : Amici del giardino di Sardegna, stampa 2011. - 175 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. (( Testo in italiano e inglese Su un terreno inaridito dal sole, lungo le pendici della collina su cui ancora si elevano i fieri ruderi del castello di Gioiosa Guardia, spicca l'argento vecchio e indistruttibile dei maestosi alberi d'olivo‌ Ess-69
Responsabile: A cura di:
Progetto grafico:
Luigi Sisto e-mail: l.sisto@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606265 Giuseppe Inchingolo e-mail:inchingolog@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606269 Wanda Occhialini e-mail: occhialini@iamb.it Tel. 080/4606266 Fabio La Notte e-mail:lanotte@iamb.it Tel.080/4606358
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