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maggio/giugno 2011
Aquaculture planning : policy formulation and implementation for sustainable development / by Cécile Brugère, Neil Ridler, Graham Haylor, Graeme Macfadyen, Nathanael Hishamunda. - Rome : FAO c2010. - ix, 70 p. : ill. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture technical paper ; 542). With the dramatic recent growth of aquaculture, the planning of its development has become increasingly important. Proper planning will stimulate and guide the evolution of the sector by providing incentives and safeguards, attracting investment and boosting development. Moreover, it will help to ensure the long-term economic, environmental and social sustainability of the sector, and its ultimate contribution to economic growth and poverty alleviation. This paper provides practical guidance to aquaculture policy-makers and implementers on policy formulation and processes. It starts by reviewing governance concepts and international policy agendas relevant to aquaculture development and proceeds by defining “policy”, “strategy” and “plan” while explaining common planning terminology. The paper proposes practical steps for improving policy formulation processes. These include: recognizing a timely opportunity for change; ensuring coordination and communication among stakeholders; adopting a participatory approach; learning lessons from elsewhere; and accepting that conflicts may arise and lead to hard choices. It highlights means for implementing aquaculture policies, notes the benefits of an ecosystem approach and proposes a range of instruments which, if implemented at various levels, will help progress towards the development goals for the sector. However, the successful implementation of aquaculture policies depends on overcoming challenges related to weak human capacity, institutions and monitoring systems and to inadequate financial resources. Therefore, the paper also suggests the means to do so. Central to successful planning in the aquaculture sector are coherence in the planning process and an emphasis on interdisciplinarity beyond sectoral remit through institutional collaboration, human capacity development and participation. It is also necessary to embed the chosen approaches and instruments in the principles of good governance. Together, these key elements will ensure the soundness and effectiveness of aquaculture development policies and the positive contribution of the sector. Availability : on line version ORG 2875
Commercial aquaculture and economic growth, poverty alleviation and food security : assessment framework / by Nathanael Hishamunda, Junning Cai, PingSun Leung. Rome : FAO c2009. - vii, 58 p. : ill. - (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture technical paper ; 512). This paper proposes some methods for quantifying the contribution of aquaculture to national economies, poverty alleviation and food security so as to improve the much needed political and financial support to the sector for its adequate development. Aquaculture's contribution to a country's economy can be measured by “aquaculture value-added multiplier”, an indicator that represents the “increase in gross domestic product corresponding to a one-unit increase in aquaculture value-added. As alleviating poverty occurs by creating well paying jobs, evaluation of the contribution of aquaculture to poverty alleviation can be done through “aquaculture employment multiplier”, the increase in the total employment for the entire economy corresponding to one extra job created in aquaculture. The contribution to food availability, one of the three dimensions of food security, can be assessed through the “net sum of protein-equivalent” (direct contribution) and the “ratio between the aquaculture net foreign exchange earning and the total value of food imports” (indirect contribution). “Aquaculture labour-income and employment multipliers” can be used to quantify aquaculture's contribution to food access, the second dimension of food security. Aquaculture tax multiplier and the “aquaculture ratio between the net foreign exchange earning” and the “whole economy net foreign exchange earning” can be used to estimate the sector's contribution to food utilization, the third dimension of food security. Availability : on line version ORG 2876
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