A Legacy of Excellence Surgeons-in-Chief 1863 – James Knight, MD 1887 – Virgil P. Gibney, MD 1925 – William B. Coley, MD 1933 – Eugene H. Pool, MD 1935 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD 1955 – T. Campbell Thompson, MD 1963 – Robert Lee Patterson, Jr., MD 1972 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD 1990 – Andrew J. Weiland, MD 1993 – Russell F. Warren, MD 2003 – Thomas P. Sculco, MD
Physicians-in-Chief 1924 – R. Garfield Snyder, MD 1944 – Richard H. Freyberg, MD 1970 – Charles L. Christian, MD 1995 – Stephen A. Paget, MD 2010 – Mary K. Crow, MD
Assistant Vice President Communications Shelley Rosenstock Editor-in-Chief Rachel Sheehan Managing Editor Linda Errante
S70960_Sleeve.indd 1
Celebrating Our 150th Anniversary
Chief Scientific Officers 2002 – Francesco Ramirez, MD 2006 – Steven R. Goldring, MD
Executive Editorial Board Mary K. Crow, MD Steven R. Goldring, MD Edward C. Jones, MD David B. Levine, MD Aldo Papone, Chairman Emeritus Deborah M. Sale Thomas P. Sculco, MD Louis A. Shapiro Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD
535 East 70th Street New York, NY 10021 212.606.1000 www.hss.edu
Directors of Research 1955 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD 1962 – Goran C.H. Bauer, MD 1969 – Robert C. Mellors, MD, PhD 1985 – Aaron S. Posner, PhD 1987 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD 1990 – Joseph M. Lane, MD 1993 – Adele L. Boskey, PhD
Assistant Editors Beth Demel, Teresa Lamb Concept and Design Arnold Saks Associates
Printing Monroe Litho Timeline Photos and Graphics: HSS Archives, Robert Essel, Bud Glick World event images and photos as follows: Panel 1 – Corbis; Panel 2 – Corbis, Custom Medical Stock Photo, Getty Images; Panel 3 – APImages, NASA, Custom Medical Stock Photo; Panel 4 – iStock, Getty; Panel 5 – Shutterstock, Getty; Panel 6 – Robert Essel External Affairs Department Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street New York, NY 10021 866.976.1196 Hospital for Special Surgery is an affiliate of NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System and Weill Cornell Medical College. ©2013 Hospital for Special Surgery. All rights reserved.
1863 2013 1/24/13 1:57 PM
HSS: An Illustrious History…A Future of Promise 1863 to 2013: Hospital for Special Surgery… > From its most humble beginnings as a local children’s hospital, the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled – founded 150 years ago – would one day become the number one orthopedic hospital in America and a global force in musculoskeletal medicine. Located in a brownstone on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, the 28-bed hospital established a mission to serve those with disabling conditions and disorders and bring them hope for a better quality of life. Throughout the subsequent decades of its continuous growth and advances in medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery has led the way in treating those with musculoskeletal disorders, training generations of specialists in orthopedics and rheumatology, and furthering scientific achievements in the laboratory and at the bedside. …and Around the World > While HSS grew into a vibrant and prominent hospital, it, too, was influenced by the vagaries of life beyond its walls. Over the past 150 years, events – here and abroad – helped to shape the world as we know it today. Some created havoc and hardship; others greatly benefited humanity; but all contributed to changing the course of history.
In 1871, Dr. Virgil P. Gibney is appointed to the Hospital staff by Dr. Knight and remains on staff until 1884. During this time he pursues the study of hip diseases. In 1887, Dr. Gibney returns to the Hospital as Surgeonin-Chief and launches it into the world of surgery. He also establishes the first orthopedic residency program in the United States and a house staff as it is still known today.
Dr. James Knight is deeply touched by the plight of the poor and severely disabled who roamed the streets of New York City begging and cajoling passersby. As a result, Dr. Knight, along with 20 prominent New Yorkers, establishes the New York Society for the Relief of the Ruptured and Crippled and opens one of the early orthopedic hospitals in the United States in his Second Avenue home.
The Hospital moves to a newly constructed fourstory building on the corner of Lexington Avenue and 42nd Street. The facility has accommodations for 200 children.
1863
1870 The nation is in the midst of the Civil War when Dr. James Knight opens his new hospital. On that same day, General Robert E. Lee and General Stonewall Jackson meet to plan their attack on the Federals. Two months later, the assault at Gettysburg takes place and some of the casualties of the Union Army are cared for at the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled.
1871 Great strides continue to be made in the development of the microscope, with its use becoming increasingly popular among scientists.
William Church Osborn, who is credited with orchestrating the complex property exchange between the sale of the Hospital land for $1.35 million to New York Central Railroad and the purchase of the Hospital’s third site on 42nd Street between First and Second Avenues, is elected President of the Hospital’s Board. Grand Central Terminal is built on the Hospital’s former location.
In the early 20th century, polio is one of the most feared diseases in industrialized countries, paralyzing thousands of children a year and bringing an increased number of pediatric patients to the Hospital from the city, suburbs, and upstate New York.
1907
The Hospital changes its name from the Hospital for the Ruptured and Crippled to The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS). Its new name
was originally devised by Sir Robert Jones to designate the surgical hospitals he organized for the care of the wounded soldiers who had received injuries of the bones and joints in World War II.
Many children with scoliosis and other disabilities remain as inpatients for months and sometimes years with an average length of stay of two years. To help maintain their education, the Hospital provides schooling on site through Manhattan Public School 401.
1912 The pioneering work of Marie and Pierre Curie in the study of radioactivity lead to their discovery of radium and plutonium in 1898 and the awarding of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903.
1928 In 1928, Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovers the potent antibiotic, penicillin, in a petrie dish contaminated by mold. Although he is credited with the discovery, it is another decade before penicillin becomes the miracle drug of the 20th century.
1940
1955 The massive casualties of World War II lead to advances in orthopedic care as nearly 70 percent of the wounded suffer trauma to the extremities. At the end of the war, the United States Navy asks the Hospital to hold a two-month course in rehabilitation for the benefit of Navy personnel. More than 114 WAVES and medical corpsmen attend lectures by the Hospital’s orthopedic staff.
In 1963, the Hospital celebrates its 100th anniversary and begins its second century poised to advance the research and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions.
Inscribed on the commemorative trowel celebrating the 1954 groundbreaking for the new Hospital is the name of Thomas E. Dewey, then Governor of New York State. On May 25, 1955, HSS – after 43 years at 321 East 42nd Street – opens in its now permanent home at 535 East 70th Street. The new building has four operating rooms.
Dr. Philip D. Wilson Jr., the son of Dr. Philip D. Wilson, Sr., who served as Surgeon-in-Chief from 1934 to 1955, visits Professor John Charnley at Wrightington
1963 On April 7, 1948, the United Nations creates the World Health Organization. Since its creation, WHO has been a leader in major health initiatives, including the eradication of smallpox, prevention of infectious disease, and reduction of tobacco-related deaths and disease, as well as adopting the global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health.
Dr. John N. Insall becomes the new Chief of the Knee Clinic and, along with Dr. Chitranjan Ranawat, Dr. Allan E. Inglis, and Peter Walker, PhD, begins the design and development of the modern total knee prosthesis at HSS.
Hospital in Lancashire, UK, to learn about a new operation – the total hip replacement, which he brings back to HSS initiating a new era in patient care.
1966
Dr. Charles L. Christian is appointed Director of Rheumatic Diseases and Physician-in-Chief of the Hospital. Dr. Christian launches major investigative studies in autoimmune disorders.
1969
Dr. John L. Marshall organizes the first Sports Medicine Clinic at HSS, likely the first such clinic in New York. Dr. Marshall becomes a world-renowned figure in sports medicine, including serving as Team Physician for the New York Giants.
1970
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sends the first American into space, making possible important contributions to science and medicine. Three decades later, HSS researchers would begin collaborating with NASA on studies looking at the load-bearing ability of bones as a result of the reduced forces experienced during spaceflight.
1971
In the 1970s, a new imaging technology – computed axial tomography or CAT-scan – makes three-dimensional imaging of anatomy possible, including highly detailed information about bony structures, joints, soft tissue structures, and soft tissue calcifications important in the field of orthopedics.
The Hospital establishes the nation’s first hospitalbased program of computer aided design and manufacture of joint prostheses. The CAPS/CAD/CAM system revolutionizes the field of joint replacement surgery by enabling bioengineers to custom make implants for joint replacement surgery with computerized precision.
HOSPITAL FOR HOSPITAL SPECIAL FOR SURGERY SPECIAL SURGERY
The Hospital introduces a new logotype with the now well-recognized blue symbol and shortened name, as well as a new tagline: “Specialists in Mobility.”
HSS begins construction on a major modernization project that will include a seven-level wing built over the FDR Drive.
1982
1991 The computer revolution also affects hospitals, which today use computer technology for maintaining patient medical records, managing radiology images, and even performing surgery.
HSS launches the Campaign for Research: Discovery to Recovery, a $110 million fundraising drive to raise support for faculty recruitment, expansion of research programs, increased endowment, and the modernization of the Caspary Research Building.
HSS is awarded its first Magnet Recognition by the American Nurses Credentialing Center, the nation’s highest honor for nursing excellence. The Hospital enjoys continuous recognition with its redesignation as a Magnet hospital in 2007 and in 2011.
1996
2002 A study supported by the National Institute on Aging and the National Center for Research Resources (today the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences) finds that underlying vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women is associated with increased risk of hip fracture.
2002 The Human Genome Project, a 13-year project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health, is completed in 2003, identifying the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA and broadening investigations into the causes and treatments for many diseases.
Minimally invasive approaches for joint replacement surgery come into their own, including the development of new tools for hip replacement and less invasive techniques for knee replacement.
The Hospital develops one of the first computerassisted surgery laboratories in the United States. Computer-assisted technology uses a navigation system, not unlike GPS, to achieve more precise positioning of implants in orthopedic surgery.
2004
In July of 2012, HSS is once again ranked #1 in orthopedics and ranked #3 in rheumatology by U.S.News & World Report. For 22 consecutive years, HSS has been among the top-ranked hospitals in these specialty areas. Continuing an upward trend in the number of patients seeking care at HSS, the Hospital completes a multiphase transformation of its facilities, which now include 35 operating rooms, two additional patient care units, 205 inpatient beds, the Alfred and Norma Lerner Children’s Pavilion and the CA Technologies Rehabilitation Center for pediatric patients, and many other modernization efforts.
2010
More than 72 million Americans will be 65 years or older by 2030 as compared to 40 million in 2010.
2012 According to the Physical Activity Council’s annual study in 2011, there are 217 million active Americans age six and older who take part in at least one sport, recreation, or fitness activity.
HSS research in biomaterials will drive transformative changes in the treatment of soft tissue defects. Included in these efforts are studies of a novel class of hydrogelbased materials that approximate the properties of articular cartilage and the meniscus.
2012
2013
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a third of American adults are overweight and another third are obese. Combined, 68.8 percent of U.S. adults are either overweight or obese.
B
2010 Patient Volume
330,316
Hospital for Special Surgery
2020 Patient Volume
538,049 A steep rise in overall HSS patient volume is projected for 2020. Hospital for Special Surgery is a growing global organi zation – annually providing treatment to over 5,500 patients from beyond the New York City metropolitan area and abroad. HSS continues to disseminate
its best practices in patient care to centers throughout the world; further expand its international collaborations with organizations in Europe, South America, and China; and educate physicians from the United States and overseas who will go on to lead and develop programs in orthopedics and rheumatology in their own communities.
Entering the Next Era uilding on a rich legacy of pioneering achievement in the fields of orthopedics and rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery will meet the future with the same unwavering commitment to fulfill its mission in patient care, research, and education it has exhibited in the last 150 years. HSS is dedicated to finding new solutions to improve the lives of patients through the ongoing development of quality initiatives, discoveries in the laboratory, pursuit of innovative technologies, and the training of physicians who will influence musculoskeletal care throughout the world. We will continue to grow both physically and through discovery and invention as we move into the next 150 years. ■
HSS scientists continue to make breakthrough discoveries about the causes of autoimmune diseases, providing exciting opportunities for new drug therapies. For example, studies have identified a treatment approach that can block a protein called tumor necrosis factor (3-D model shown here) linked to rheumatoid arthritis.
A Future of Promise… DNA sequencing is key to basic biological research, enabling the development of genetically modified products, targeted biologics, and molecular diagnostics. These approaches will play major roles in the advancement of personalized medicine, which is defined as the right treatment for the right person at the right time.
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects more people at earlier stages of life, causing widespread pain and disability. National coalitions target OA to develop strategies for prevention and early treatment.
National Health Expenditure* Trillions of dollars 5 4 3 2 1 0
08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
* Source: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services, Office of the Actuary
Non-traumatic joint disorders, including osteoarthritis (OA), affect more than 50 million Americans today at a cost of $57 billion - the fifth most expensive medical condition in the country. By 2020, the nation is expected to spend $4.6 trillion on health care, nearly double the $2.6 trillion spent in 2010.
A Legacy of Excellence Surgeons-in-Chief 1863 – James Knight, MD 1887 – Virgil P. Gibney, MD 1925 – William B. Coley, MD 1933 – Eugene H. Pool, MD 1935 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD 1955 – T. Campbell Thompson, MD 1963 – Robert Lee Patterson, Jr., MD 1972 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD 1990 – Andrew J. Weiland, MD 1993 – Russell F. Warren, MD 2003 – Thomas P. Sculco, MD
Physicians-in-Chief 1924 – R. Garfield Snyder, MD 1944 – Richard H. Freyberg, MD 1970 – Charles L. Christian, MD 1995 – Stephen A. Paget, MD 2010 – Mary K. Crow, MD
Assistant Vice President Communications Shelley Rosenstock Editor-in-Chief Rachel Sheehan Managing Editor Linda Errante
S70960_Sleeve.indd 1
Celebrating Our 150th Anniversary
Chief Scientific Officers 2002 – Francesco Ramirez, MD 2006 – Steven R. Goldring, MD
Executive Editorial Board Mary K. Crow, MD Steven R. Goldring, MD Edward C. Jones, MD David B. Levine, MD Aldo Papone, Chairman Emeritus Deborah M. Sale Thomas P. Sculco, MD Louis A. Shapiro Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD
535 East 70th Street New York, NY 10021 212.606.1000 www.hss.edu
Directors of Research 1955 – Philip D. Wilson, Sr., MD 1962 – Goran C.H. Bauer, MD 1969 – Robert C. Mellors, MD, PhD 1985 – Aaron S. Posner, PhD 1987 – Philip D. Wilson, Jr., MD 1990 – Joseph M. Lane, MD 1993 – Adele L. Boskey, PhD
Assistant Editors Beth Demel, Teresa Lamb Concept and Design Arnold Saks Associates
Printing Monroe Litho Timeline Photos and Graphics: HSS Archives, Robert Essel, Bud Glick World event images and photos as follows: Panel 1 – Corbis; Panel 2 – Corbis, Custom Medical Stock Photo, Getty Images; Panel 3 – APImages, NASA, Custom Medical Stock Photo; Panel 4 – iStock, Getty; Panel 5 – Shutterstock, Getty; Panel 6 – Robert Essel External Affairs Department Hospital for Special Surgery 535 East 70th Street New York, NY 10021 866.976.1196 Hospital for Special Surgery is an affiliate of NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare System and Weill Cornell Medical College. ©2013 Hospital for Special Surgery. All rights reserved.
1863 2013 1/24/13 1:57 PM